1920 SAFL Grand Final
The 1920 SAFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. North Adelaide beat Norwood 69 to 21.


1920 SAFL season
The 1920 South Australian Football League season was the 41st season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1920 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1920 SMU Mustangs football team was an American football team that represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1920 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach J. Burton Rix, the team compiled a 3–5–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 125 to 90. The team played its home games at Armstrong Field in University Park, Texas.


1920 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1920 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University during the 1920 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Charles M. Rademacher, the Billikens compiled a 3–6 record and was outscored by a total of 220 to 81.


1920 Sammarinese general election
General elections were held in San Marino on 14 November 1920 to elect the sixth term of the Grand and General Council. It was the country's first snap election, and the first election to use a form of proportional representation. The result was a victory for the Sammarinese People's Party, which won 29 of the 60 seats.


1920 Sammarinese general election, History
Under the Italian example, San Marino adopted the party-list proportional representation on October 15, 1920. The three-class division was eliminated, and the councillors' term limited to four years.


1920 Sammarinese general election, History
The Sammarinese People's Party made its debut, after that Pope Benedict's abolition of the non expedit had allowed the foundation of its twin, the Italian People's Party. By their part, landowners created their Conservative force, the Sammarinese Democratic Union, claiming the return to the pre-1906 institutions to restore order against strikes and political violences.


1920 Sammarinese general election, History
The result was a narrow victory for the Christian democrats, but the Socialists refused to join the newly elected council, following a revolutionary political strategy. On January 11, 1921, all Socialist seats were declared vacant for absence, and a by-election was organized on April 10: ten Christian democrats and eight Conservatives became councillors.


1920 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system
Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male, the head of the family and 24 years old.


1920 Santa Clara Missionites football team
The 1920 Santa Clara Missionites football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1920 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Robert E. Harmon, the team compiled a 5–1 record, shut out three of six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 141 to 55.


1920 Santa Clara Missionites football team
Coach Harmon also coached other sports at Santa Clara. In June 1920, he left his coaching position at Santa Clara to join a law firm in Illinois.


1920 Santo Domingo Census
The 1920 Santo Domingo Census was conducted from 19 January to 24 December 1920, during the administration of the general Thomas Snowden, American governor of the Santo Domingo following the American occupation of the Dominican Republic.


1920 Santo Domingo Census
This was the first census done in the land of the former Dominican Republic since the Spanish colonial period, although the Catholic Church had done several parish censuses; the 1920 census collected information regarding on sex, age, fertility, race, religion, marital status, nationality, and housing.


1920 Santos FC season
The 1920 season was the ninth season for Santos Futebol Clube, a Brazilian football club, based in the Vila Belmiro bairro, Zona Intermediária, Santos, Brazil.


1920 Saxony state election
The 1920 Saxony state election was held on 14 November 1920 to elect the 96 members of the Landtag of Saxony.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites
The Schleswig plebiscites were two plebiscites, organized according to section XII, articles 100 to 115 of the Treaty of Versailles of 28 June 1919, in order to determine the future border between Denmark and Germany through the former Duchy of Schleswig. The process was monitored by a commission with representatives from France, the United Kingdom, Norway and Sweden.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites
The plebiscites were held on 10 February and 14 March 1920, and the result was that the larger northern portion (Zone I) voted to join Denmark, while the smaller southern portion (Zone II) voted to remain part of Germany.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Background
The Duchy of Schleswig had been a fiefdom of the Danish crown since the Middle Ages, but it, along with the Danish-ruled German provinces of Holstein and Lauenburg, which had both been part of the Holy Roman Empire, was conquered by Prussia and Austria in the 1864 Second War of Schleswig. Between 1864 and 1866, Prussia and Austria ruled the entire region as a condominium, and they formalised this arrangement in the 1865 Gastein Convention. The condominium was terminated due to the Austro-Prussian War in 1866.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Background
Article 5 of the Austro-Prussian Peace of Prague (1866) stipulated that a plebiscite should be held within the ensuing six years in order to give the people of the northern part of Schleswig the possibility of voting for the region's future allegiance by allowing regions voting for Danish rule to be restored to Danish administration.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Background
The idea of a plebiscite had been presented earlier. During the early phases of the First Schleswig War, the secessionist government of Schleswig-Holstein had unsuccessfully suggested a plebiscite in parts of Schleswig, but this had been rejected by the Danish government, and during the 1863 London Conference's attempts to defuse the Second Schleswig War, one of the suggestions of Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck was a plebiscite in North Schleswig. Bismarck's initiative was not adopted by the conference, primarily since the option had not been included in the instruction to the Danish delegation.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Background
The inclusion of the promise of a plebiscite in the 1866 Austro-Prussian Peace of Prague was a diplomatic concession to Austria, but was not implemented. The reference to it was subsequently dropped in 1877 by Austria and Germany. The 1864 border was confirmed in the 1907 German-Danish Optant Treaty, but Danish North Schleswigers continued to argue for a plebiscite citing the 1866 Peace of Prague.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Background
Danes campaigning for implementation of the plebiscite promise, in the hope that it would result in the area being restored to Danish rule, often made a comparison with the French demand for return of Alsace-Lorraine. This comparison was regarded sympathetically by French public opinion and, although Denmark had not taken part in the First World War, there was considerable backing in France for taking up the Danish claims as part of the post-war settlement.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Background
After Germany's defeat in 1918, the Danish government asked the Allied Powers and the Versailles Conference of 1919 to include a plebiscite in the disputed North Schleswig region based on Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points as part of the Allied Powers' peace settlement with Germany, and this request was granted by the Allies.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Defining the plebiscite boundaries
The plebiscites were held on 10 February and 14 March 1920 in two zones that had been defined according to the wishes of the Danish government, and based on lines drawn in the 1890s by Danish historian Hans Victor Clausen. During the 1880s and 1890s, Clausen had travelled extensively on both sides of a possible future Dano-German border, for which he published two suggestions.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Defining the plebiscite boundaries
Clausen's first line delineated a coherent territory that he expected would vote Danish in a future plebiscite, and the second line (about 10–20 km or 6–12 miles further south) included a thinly-populated rural region in Central Schleswig, which Clausen believed had potential for assimilation into Denmark, as the population of Central Schleswig was pro-German in allegiance, but also Danish-speaking.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Defining the plebiscite boundaries
In 1918, Clausen published a pamphlet "Før Afgørelsen" (Before the Decision) in which he strongly advocated that Denmark annex the zone delineated by his northernmost ("first") line, arguing that the territory north of this line was indisputably pro-Danish and should be considered indivisible. At the same time, he effectively abandoned his second line, as the population of Central Schleswig remained pro-German, and as he considered it vital that the future border should be based on the self-determination of the local populace.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Defining the plebiscite boundaries
In the 1920 plebiscites, Clausen's first line was closely imitated in what became the plebiscite's Zone I, while his second line became the basis of Zone II, although the plebiscite zone was extended to include the city of Flensburg and the town of Glücksburg. Clausen had excluded both from his two lines.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Defining the plebiscite boundaries
Zone I was based on Clausen's estimations of the local population's national self-identification. When in doubt, Clausen primarily relied on the wishes of the rural communities, which he considered autochtone (indigenous), in contrast with the North Schleswig towns, which he considered largely irrelevant due to their smallness and their less-autochtone population, notably the demographics of the town of Sønderborg (Sonderburg) which had become strongly influenced by the presence of a large German naval base.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Defining the plebiscite boundaries
In addition, Clausen believed that it would minimize the risk of future conflict if the future border in the marshy West Schleswig followed either the Vidå river or a dyke. This caused resentment on the German side, as this implied that the town of Tønder (Tondern) would be included in Zone I.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite preparations
In 1918 and early 1919, the leading Danish political parties argued that the future allegiance of North Schleswig should be decided by a plebiscite, in which the entire region should be counted as one indivisible unit, i.e. vote en bloc. This wish was conveyed to the Paris Peace Conference in Versailles, and became the basis for the plebiscite's Zone I.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite preparations
During 1919, political wishes in Denmark grew for the extension of the plebiscite area, and the issue became a topic of confrontation between the Social Liberal government and its parliamentary support, the Social Democrats, both parties opposing an extension the area, versus the Liberal and Conservative opposition which both supported an extension of the plebiscite area. As a compromise, it was decided to request the Allied Powers to extend the plebiscite until Clausen's second line, which was adapted to include Flensburg and Glücksburg.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite preparations
In this smaller Zone II, each town – or, in the rural areas, each parish – was to decide its own allegiance. Two other requests were made, which were only partially followed by the Allied Powers. Firstly, Denmark requested that the plebiscite area's German civil administration be replaced by an international administration. The Allied Powers replaced the German garrisons with a small international force, of 400 French soldiers disembarked from the cruiser La Marseillaise, but the civil administration was only partially replaced in Zone I, and not at all in Zone II.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite preparations
Secondly, Denmark had requested that persons previously expelled from the region should be allowed to vote in the plebiscite. This was intended to allow previously expelled "optants" to vote, i.e. the families of locals who had opted to retain their Danish citizenship and who had consequently been expelled from the area by Prussian authorities. The Allied Powers granted this request but extended it, consequently entitling anyone who had previously lived in the region to vote in the plebiscite.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite preparations
Since a large number of German officials (notably railway officials) had been temporarily stationed in the area, this extension implied that these officials as well as their wives and any children of legal age were entitled to vote in the plebiscite.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite preparations
Since many of the expelled pro-Danish "optants" had emigrated to the United States, the net result of this extension was a slight increase for the German results, and it was much more likely for a pro-German emigrant living in Germany to return to the region for the plebiscite than for a pro-Danish expellee who had emigrated to the United States to do the same.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite voting and results
On 10 February 1920 the plebiscite was held in Zone I, the later Northern Schleswig, where 74.9% (75,431 votes) voted to become Danish, while 25.1% (25,329 votes) voted to stay German. In three of the four major towns, especially in the southern region directly at the border with Zone II, German majorities existed, with a German majority as large as 70 to 80 percent in and around Tønder (plus southerly Udbjerg) and Højer. It was mostly this area that caused controversy after the voting, especially as these towns had been included north of Clausen's first line. Although Clausen correctly estimated Tønder to be vastly pro-German, he considered the town to be economically dependent on its pro-Danish rural uplands, and placed both the town and its uplands north of his first line.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite voting and results
Local majorities for Germany also existed elsewhere: In the small town of Tinglev, in the city of Sønderborg, site of a substantial German navy base, and the city of Aabenraa. Like Tønder and Højer, Tinglev directly bordered Zone II. Both the latter cities, however, lay kind of "isolated" in pro-Danish surroundings.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite voting and results
The vote in Central Schleswig (Zone II) took place on 14 March 1920, where 80.2% (51,742 votes) voted to stay German, while 19.8% (12,800) voted to become Danish. Since a Danish majority in this zone was produced in only three small villages on the island of Föhr, none of which were near the coming border, the Commission Internationale de Surveillance du Plébiscite au Slesvig decided on a line almost identical to the border between the two zones. The poor result for Denmark in Central Schleswig, particularly in Flensburg, Schleswig's largest city, triggered Denmark's 1920 Easter Crisis.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Plebiscite voting and results
A plebiscite was not held in the southernmost third of the province (Zone III which included the region south of Zone II until the Schlei, Danevirke, and the city of Schleswig) as the population was almost exclusively pro-German. The Allied Powers had offered to include this region in the plebiscite, but the Danish government had expressly asked for Zone III to be excluded. The small part of the historical province located south of Zone III was not included in plebiscite plans among the Allied Powers, and the same applied in Denmark, since the extreme south of the former duchy was considered to be a completely pro-German area.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Settlement of the Danish-German border
Directly after the announcement of the results from Zone I, an alternative draft for the frontier was made by the German administrator Johannes Tiedje. The proposed frontier would have incorporated Tønder/Tondern, Højer/Hoyer, Tinglev/Tingleff and neighbouring areas and also some parts north from Flensburg – the so-called Tiedje Belt – and would have created almost equal minorities on both sides of the frontier instead of 30,000 to 35,000 Germans in Denmark and 6,000 to 8,000 Danes in Germany.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Settlement of the Danish-German border
Tiedje's Line was strongly criticised in Denmark, as it would have transferred a large number of pro-Danish communities south of the future border, and was refused by all parties in the Danish parliament. The plebiscite's entire Zone I was transferred to Denmark on 15 June 1920, and the territory was officially named the South Jutlandic districts, more commonly Southern Jutland, although the latter name is also the historiographical name for the entire Schleswig region.


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Gallery
A German Propaganda poster. "We have been Schleswigers for 1,000 years. We will remain Schleswigers. That's why we vote for Germany."


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Gallery
A Pro-Danish Propaganda Poster in North Frisian "Should we leave this land to the Prussian?"


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Gallery
Memorial in Stevning. "Reunification 1920. By 314 to 7 we voted us home to Denmark".


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Gallery
Memorial in Øster Lindet. "10 February 1920, 96% of the population of this parish voted for Denmark".


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Gallery
Memorial in Wyk, Föhr, Germany. A reinterpretation of the Deutschlandlied. "... Only in misfortune, will the love [of your country] show if it is strong and true."


1920 Schleswig plebiscites, Gallery
Painting of Danish soldiers returning to Northern part of Schleswig


1920 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1920 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1920 college football season.


1920 Sligo County Council election
An election to Sligo County Council took place on 4 June 1920 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 20 councillors were elected from 5 electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a five-year term of office.


1920 Sligo County Council election
Sinn Féin won every seat for election, and also won a massive majority of the vote.


1920 Slovenian Republic League
The 1920 Slovenian Republic League was the first season of the Slovenian Republic Football League, known as the Ljubljana Subassociation League at the time. Ilirija have won the league, becoming the first ever Slovenian champions. The league consisted of the Slovenian-based teams Ilirija, Slovan and I. SSK Maribor, while Rapid, Hertha and Rote Elf were German teams from Maribor, founded by the Germanic part of Maribor's population. Athletik was another German club, based in Celje.


1920 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 10 March 1920 to elect the 134 members of the House of Assembly. This was for the third Union Parliament.


1920 South African general election
The National Party (NP) won the largest number of seats, but not a majority. The South African Party (SAP) minority government continued in office, with Unionist Party support in Parliament. This was the third successive term of SAP government, but only the second period with General Jan Smuts as Prime Minister. The first SAP premier (General Louis Botha) had died in office in 1919, during the previous Parliament.


1920 South African general election
The National Party became the official opposition for the first time.


1920 South African general election, Delimitation of electoral divisions
The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division. The representation by province, under the third delimitation report of 1919, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1913) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged.


1920 South African general election, Results
The vote totals in the table below may not give a complete picture of the balance of political opinion, because of unopposed elections (where no votes were cast) and because contested seats may not have been fought by a candidate from all major parties.


1920 South American Championship
The 1920 South American Championship of Nations was the fourth continental championship for nations in South America. It was held in Valparaíso, Chile from September 11 to September 26, 1920.


1920 South American Championship, Overview
The participating countries were the host Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil as the defending champion. Uruguay regained the title lost in the last edition, thus becoming champion for the third time in the first four editions of the tournament. Ángel Romano was the top goalscorer alongside teammate José Pérez, with three goals, repeating his feat of three years earlier.


1920 South American Championship, Overview
Brazil's 6–0 loss to Uruguay in this tournament would not be equaled until the 2014 FIFA World Cup, 94 years later, where they lost 7–1 against Germany.


1920 South American Championship, 1920 South American Championship Squads
For a complete list of participating squads see: 1920 South American Championship squads


1920 South American Championship, Final round
Each team played one match against each of the other teams. Two (2) points were awarded for a win, one (1) point for a draw and zero (0) points for a defeat.


1920 South American Championship squads
These are the squads for the countries that played in the 1920 South American Championship. The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. The teams plays in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.


1920 South American Championships in Athletics
The 1920 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in Santiago, Chile between 23 and 25 April.


1920 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1920 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Led by first-year head coach Sol Metzger, the Gamecocks finished with a record of 5–4.


1920 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1920 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Robert Archer Cooper faced no opposition in the Democratic primary nor the general election to win a second two-year term as governor.


1920 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
Governor Robert Archer Cooper faced no opposition from South Carolina Democrats and avoided a primary election.


1920 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election
The general election was held on November 2, 1920 and Robert Archer Cooper was reelected governor of South Carolina without opposition. Turnout increased over the previous gubernatorial election because there was also a presidential election on the ballot.


1920 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team
The 1920 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University as an independent during the 1920 college football season. In its second season under head coach Charles A. West, the team compiled a 4–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 66 to 27.


1920 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1920 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920. Incumbent Republican Governor Peter Norbeck declined to run for re-election, instead choosing to run for the U.S. Senate. Lieutenant Governor William H. McMaster won the Republican primary and advanced to the general election, where he faced Nonpartisan League candidate Mark P. Bates and former State Senator William W. Howes, the Democratic nominee. The election was largely a replay of the 1918 election, with McMaster winning a large victory, Bates coming in second, and Howes coming in a distant third.


1920 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Primary elections, Democratic Primary
Former State Senator William W. Howes, who previously represented Beadle County in the State Senate, won the Democratic nomination unopposed and the race did not appear on the primary election ballot.


1920 South Norfolk by-election
The South Norfolk by-election, 1920 was a by-election held on 27 July 1920 for the British House of Commons constituency of South Norfolk.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was triggered by the succession to the peerage of the serving Coalition Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), William Cozens-Hardy.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Electoral history
South Norfolk had been a safe Liberal seat since Arthur Soames's victory in the 1898 by-election.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Candidates
The Liberal vote was now divided. The Coalition Liberal candidate was James Henley Batty, who received the support of the Coalition leaders, David Lloyd George and Bonar Law. He had contested the 1918 general election at Clitheroe, as a Coalition Liberal coming third behind Labour and Unionist.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Candidates
Charles Henry Roberts ran as a Liberal who received the support of H. H. Asquith. He had sat as a Liberal MP before the war. He was elected to Parliament for Lincoln in the 1906 general election and served under Asquith as Under-Secretary of State for India 1914 to 1915 and as Comptroller of the Household from 1915 to 1916. He lost his seat in 1918.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Candidates
They were opposed by a strong Labour Party candidate, George Edwards, a former agricultural labourer. In 1906 he founded the Eastern Counties Agricultural Labourers & Small Holders Union later known as the National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers, and became its general secretary. In 1906 he was elected to Norfolk County Council, in 1914 he became a magistrate, and in 1918 he became a county alderman. During the war he served on various committees and was given the OBE. He contested the South Norfolk constituency at the 1918 general election. He won 26% of the votes, losing to the Liberal Party candidate William Cozens-Hardy.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Campaign
Batty recommending those of his supporters who could not bring themselves to vote for the Coalition to support Edwards instead. A local landowner and Norfolk county councillor, the Earl of Kimberley, endorsed Edwards.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Result
The result was a clear win for Edwards, who picked up around 2,000 votes on a very similar turnout to the general election, and exploited the split in the Liberal vote.


1920 South Norfolk by-election, Aftermath
Edwards was defeated in the next election, but won the seat again between 1923 and 1924.


1920 Southern Branch Cubs football team
The 1920 Southern Branch Cubs football team represented the Southern Branch of the University of California in the 1920 college football season in its second year of existence. The team was coached by Harry Trotter and finished the season with a 0–5 record with a 103–0 loss to Whittier College.


1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1920 college football season. The season began on September 23 with conference member Auburn hosting the Marion Military Institute.


1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
Georgia and Georgia Tech both claim conference championships with undefeated records, as would Tulane. Clyde Berryman retroactively selected Georgia as a national champion.


1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season, Awards and honors, All-Southern team
The following includes the composite All-Southern eleven formed by the selection of 27 coaches and sporting writers culled by the  Atlanta Constitution and Atlanta Journal.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election
Legislative Council elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 30 April 1920, the seventh elections to the Legislative Council.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Electoral system
The Legislative Council comprised thirteen elected members, together with six members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, Crawford Douglas Douglas-Jones, also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Electoral system
An important change in the franchise had been made in 1919 through the Women's Enfranchisement Ordinance, which gave the vote to women on the same basis as men. Married women (except those married under a system of polygamy) qualified under the financial and educational status of their husbands, if they did not possess them in their own right. This brought 3,467 new voters to the lists.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Electoral system
New districts were needed for this election under a provision of the 1914 proclamation that had created the 12 separate districts. The proclamation allowed for an automatic increase of one new district for each increase of 792 voters. The required number had been reached in 1917. The boundary changes that followed left the Eastern district untouched, as well as the four districts in the south-west (Bulawayo District, Bulawayo North, Bulawayo South, and Western).


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Parties
Previous elections to the Legislative Council were contested by individuals standing on their own records. By 1914, although no political parties had been created, the candidates for the Legislative Council had been broadly grouped in two camps, one favouring renewal of the Charter from the British South Africa Company, and the other moves towards full self-government within the Empire.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Parties
By 1920 political parties had been formed, largely around these ideas. The Responsible Government Association, headed by Sir Charles Coghlan, sought a form of administrative autonomy within the Empire. They were in alliance with the Rhodesia Labour Party throughout most of the colony. Ranged against them were the Unionists, who advocated Southern Rhodesia joining the Union of South Africa, and a large number of Independent candidates who were generally in support of continuation of the charter from the British South Africa Company.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Nominated members
The members nominated by the British South Africa Company were:


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Nominated members
Robert MacIlwaine, Solicitor-General, was appointed a member to replace Ernest Charles Baxter during Baxter's temporary absence on 6 May 1920. George Henry Eyre stood down and was replaced by Robert MacIlwaine on 25 March 1921.


1920 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Nominated members
During a Special Session of the Legislative Council between 3 and 11 October 1923, held to set up the new administration following the award of responsible government, the appointed members were:


1920 Southwest Texas State Bobcats football team
The 1920 Southwest Texas State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Southwest Texas State Normal School—now known as Texas State University–as an independent during the 1920 college football season. The 1920 Southwest Texas State team adopted the nickname "Bobcats" after the University Star had an editorial campaign to adopt an athletic mascot. Prior to this season the team had no nickname.


1920 Southwest Texas State Bobcats football team
Bobcats were led by second-year head coach Oscar W. Strahan and played their home games at Evans Field in San Marcos, Texas. The team's captain was Jesse C. Kellam, who played halfback. Southwest Texas State finished the season with a record of 5–2–1.


1920 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1920 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Louisiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1920 college football season. In their only year under head coach Herbert O. Tudor, the team compiled a 2–8 record.


1920 Spanish general election
The 1920 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 19 December 1920 and on Sunday, 2 January 1921, to elect the 19th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Background
The Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pacífico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Spanish Cortes were envisaged as "co-legislative bodies", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights. Voting was compulsory except for those older than 70, the clergy, first instance judges and public notaries.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Congress of Deputies, 173 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 44 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 236 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
In constituencies electing ten seats or more, electors could vote for no more than four candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than eight seats and up to ten, for no more than three less; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
Additionally, in single-member districts where candidates ran unopposed, as well as in multi-member districts where the number of candidates was equal or less than the number of seats to be filled, candidates were to be automatically proclaimed without an election.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 13 for Barcelona and Madrid, 6 for Valencia, 5 for La Coruña, Palma, Santander and Seville, 4 for Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Córdoba, Huelva, Jaén, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia and Oviedo and 3 for Alcázar de San Juan, Alcoy, Algeciras, Bilbao, Burgos, Cádiz, Cartagena, Castellón de la Plana, Ciudad Real, El Ferrol, Gijón, Granada, Jerez de la Frontera, Las Palmas, Lérida, Llerena, Lorca, Orense, Pamplona, Pontevedra, San Sebastián, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tarragona, Valladolid, Vera, Vigo and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates—equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation—would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 150.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The remaining 30 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each—the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville and Valencia.


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
An additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right—the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures—and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).


1920 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date
The term of each House of the Cortes—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.


1920 Spring Hill Badgers football team
The 1920 Spring Hill Badgers football team represented the Spring Hill College during the 1920 college football season.


1920 St. Louis Browns season
The 1920 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Browns finishing 4th in the American League with a record of 76 wins and 77 losses.


1920 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season
The 1920 season belonged to George Sisler. He was the American League batting champion and led all of Major League Baseball with a batting average of .407. This would be 19 points higher than the American League runner-up Tris Speaker, and 37 points higher than the National League batting champion Rogers Hornsby.


1920 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1920 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 39th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 29th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 75–79 during the season and finished 5th in the National League.


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
Rogers Hornsby became a full-time second baseman. Hornsby won the first of his seven batting titles with a .370 batting average, and he also led the league in on-base percentage (.431), slugging percentage (.559), hits (218), total bases (329), doubles (44), and RBI (94). From a fielding perspective, Hornsby led the league in putouts, assists, and double plays.


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 St. Xavier Saints football team
The 1920 St. Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented St. Xavier College (later renamed Xavier University) as an independent during the 1920 college football season. In its first season under head coach Joseph A. Meyer, the team compiled a 7–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 299 to 38.


1920 Stanford football team
The 1920 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1920 college football season. They were coached by Walter D. Powell in his only season coaching the football team. Home games were played on campus at Stanford Field.


1920 Stanford football team
On November 6, Stanford defeated Washington 3–0 in Seattle. It was the final game ever at Denny Field, the predecessor of Husky Stadium, which opened three weeks later.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1920 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the National Hockey League (NHL) champion Ottawa Senators and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Seattle Metropolitans. The Senators won the series by three games to two in the best-of-five game series. Although all of the games for the series were scheduled to be played at The Arena in Ottawa, unseasonably warm weather and poor ice conditions forced the last two contests to be played on the artificial ice at Toronto's Arena Gardens.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals
This would be the last Stanley Cup Finals appearance for a team based on the West Coast of the United States until the 1993 Stanley Cup Finals. It is the last Finals appearance by a Seattle-based team to date.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
The Senators captured the 1919–20 NHL title after they won both halves of the regular season, thus eliminating the need for a league championship playoff. Meanwhile, Seattle finished the 1919–20 PCHA regular season in first place with a 12–10 record, but had to defeat the second place Vancouver Millionaires in a two-game total goals championship series, 7–3, to win the PCHA title.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
The location of the series was under dispute. As the 1919 series was not completed, the PCHA wanted the 1920 series to take place out west. The NHL opposed the idea. The PCHA proposed playing the series in Winnipeg, but this was still not agreed to by the NHL. While the dispute continued, the schedules for both leagues was allowed to drag out, leading to a late starting date for the Finals.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Seattle's green, red, and white uniforms looked almost alike to Ottawa's black, red, and white uniforms. The Senators agreed to play in white sweaters. The rules alternated for each game, starting with eastern rules.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
The puck was dropped for the first game of the series by Stanley Cup trustee William Foran to the centers Frank Nighbor and Frank Foyston. The ice became soft and pools of water developed. Foyston scored two goals in the first period to put Seattle ahead 2–0. Nighbor scored on a shot that ricocheted off Morris of Seattle with 40 seconds to play in the second period. Nighbor tied it at the ten-minute mark of the third period. Jack Darragh scored the game-winning goal with four minutes to play on an assist from Eddie Gerard.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Vancouver Mayor Robert Gale dropped the puck to start game two, played under seven-man PCHA rules. Goaltender Clint Benedict led the Senators to a 3–0 shutout win. Ice conditions were again wet. Darragh scored at the 14-minute mark of the first period. In the third, Gerard stick-handled in and scored after six minutes. Nighbor finished the scoring with his third goal of the series with one minute to play.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Seattle won game three, 3–1, in a game notable for having no penalties called. Seattle outplayed Ottawa but the score was kept close by Benedict. The first goal was scored at five minutes of the first, by George Boucher to put Ottawa ahead 1–0. Riley of Seattle scored to tie the game with two minutes to play in the first. Seattle took the lead on a goal by Foyston, after a steal by Walker from Darragh. The final goal was scored by Rickey on another set-up by Walker.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
By consensus of league and team officials, the series was shifted to Toronto because of Ottawa's slushy ice conditions (The Ottawa Arena did not have artificial ice).


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
In game four Foyston scored after three minutes to give the Mets a lead which they did not relinquish. Rowe scored at the eight-minute mark to put the Mets ahead 20. In the second period, Nighbor scored after two minutes to draw Ottawa close. At the 6:55 mark, Walker scored on a back-hand to put Seattle again two goals ahead, before Nighbor scored his second to make the score 3–2 after two periods. Seattle scored twice in the third to win the game 5–2 and even the series.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
In the fifth game, Rowe scored after ten minutes to put Seattle ahead 1–0, but Ottawa scored the next six to win the game 6–1. Boucher scored four minutes after Rowe to tie the score after one period. The score remained 1–1 after two periods. Darragh then scored after five minutes of the third to put Ottawa ahead. Gerard stick-handled through the Seattle team to put Ottawa ahead 3–1 three minutes later. Darragh then scored twice within a minute to record a hat-trick. Nighbor scored to finish the scoring.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Seattle forward Frank Foyston had high praise for the Ottawa team after the series had concluded, and gave credit to all of Frank Nighbor, Jack Darragh and Eddie Gerard on the Senators forward line:


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
– Seattle Metropolitans forward Frank Foyston on the Ottawa Senators after the 1920 Stanley Cup Finals.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
For the series, Nighbor led in goals with six, while Foyston and Darragh scored five. Benedict recorded a 2.20 goals against average (GAA) during the series. Hap Holmes recorded a 3.00 GAA. It was Holmes' fourth consecutive Stanley Cup Finals, and his fifth to that point (1914, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920). Each Senator received $390.19 in prize money, while each Metropolitan received $319.39.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The 1920 Stanley Cup was presented by the trophy's trustee William Foran. The Senators never did engrave their name on the Cup for their championship season.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
It was not until the trophy was redesigned in 1948 that the words "1920 Ottawa Senators" was put onto its then-new collar.


1920 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The following Senators players and staff were eligible to have their names engraved on the Stanley Cup


1920 State of the Union Address
The 1920 State of the Union Address was written by the 28th president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 7, 1920. It was his last address to both houses of the 66th United States Congress. Warren Harding would become president on Friday, March 4, 1921. He said, "By this faith, and by this faith alone, can the world be lifted out of its present confusion and despair. It was this faith which prevailed over the wicked force of Germany.


1920 State of the Union Address
You will remember that the beginning of the end of the war came when the German people found themselves face to face with the conscience of the world and realized that right was everywhere arrayed against the wrong that their government was attempting to perpetrate." He is referring to how the United States contributed to the victory of World War I.


1920 Stockport by-election
The Stockport by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 March 1920 for the constituency of Stockport, in Cheshire.


1920 Stockport by-election
It followed the death of Spencer Leigh Hughes and resignation of George Wardle, the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Stockport. With the departure of both MPs, a single by-election was held for both seats. Always a rare occurrence in Britain, Stockport was the first such by-election since the 1899 Oldham by-election; it proved to be the last such by-election, as multi-member constituencies were abolished in 1950.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
At the 1918 general election, the Lloyd George Coalition Government had won a large majority. The coalition included most of the Conservative and Liberal parties. Both Stockport MPs had been Coalition candidates, Hughes being a Liberal, but Wardle unusually being a Labour Party supporter of the Coalition. With this unusual level of cross-party agreement, they had not faced any opposition.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
By 1920, the prospect of a merger of the Conservative and Liberal parties was being seriously considered. The local Conservative group considered that had it run candidates in 1918, it would have won both seats. As a result, when Hughes died, they considered it their turn to nominate a candidate for the constituency. Meanwhile, the Liberal group was determined to run a candidate to replace Hughes.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
David Lloyd George and Bonar Law, national Liberal and Conservative leaders, had been considering merging their organisations to form a single party, and considered that it would be a disaster to have Conservative and Liberal candidates facing each other. In order to keep their local organisations happy, they convinced Wardle to resign, enabling both to stand a candidate. The Liberals chose Henry Fildes, and the Conservatives, William Greenwood.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
The majority of the Labour Party were opposed to the Coalition, and determined to stand candidates outside it in an attempt to gain Wardle's seat. After some discussion, they decided to stand economist and former Liberal MP Leo Chiozza Money and to support the candidature of the national organiser of the Co-operative Party, Samuel Perry.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
Horatio Bottomley, a prominent right-wing independent politician also assembled a slate of two candidates on an "Anti- Waste" platform, foreshadowing the Anti- Waste League he formed the following year.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
The Irish War of Independence had begun in 1919. While the Labour Party had a policy in favour of Irish self-determination, many Irish people considered that it had done little to act on it. A leading Irish trade unionist and secretary of the Irish Labour Party, William O'Brien, was interned by Britain for his role in the conflict, and he decided to stand in the by-election as a platform for his cause, and in an attempt to embarrass the British Labour Party into action. On the ballot, he insisted that he was described as the "Irish Republican Workers Party" candidate, even though no such organisation existed.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
In Parliament, Joseph Kenworthy called for O'Brien's release to contest the by-election, a call supported by Labour candidate Money, citing the example of John Maclean. Home Secretary Edward Shortt rejected this option.


1920 Stockport by-election, Background
With a total of seven candidates, the Stockport by-election set a new record, not equalled until the 1962 South Dorset by-election and not beaten until the 1976 Walsall North by-election.


1920 Stockport by-election, Results
Greenwood and Fildes achieved a clear victory, their similar tally of votes suggesting that most coalition supporters had indeed voted for both candidates. Money's profile enabled him to take third place, some six thousand votes behind, with Perry further back. The difference in their votes was around 1,500, much of this being explained by the 1,000 voters who had supported Money and O'Brien – very few opting for O'Brien and any other candidate. The Anti- Waste candidates attracted little support, but both were able to beat O'Brien.


1920 Stockport by-election, Results
Labour were disappointed not to take a seat, particularly as O'Brien's intervention had not taken enough votes to explain their defeat. Perhaps in part as a result of the by-election, they moved their position to more actively support the Irish labour movement.


1920 Stockport by-election, Results
Greenwood and Fildes both held their seats at the 1922 general election, while O'Brien was elected as TD for Dublin South the same year. Perry was eventually elected as MP for Kettering at the 1923 general election.


1920 Stratford by-election
The 1920 Stratford by-election was a by-election during the 20th New Zealand Parliament for the rural Taranaki seat of Stratford. The by-election was called following the previous election being declared void, invalidating the preceding 1919 general election results. It was held on  6 May 1920.


1920 Stratford by-election, Candidates
Only two candidates contested the seat. Robert Masters (Liberal Party), who had previously taken the seat off the incumbent John Bird Hine (Reform Party).


1920 Summer Olympics
The 1920 Summer Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques d'été de 1920; Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen van 1920; German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1920), officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la VIIe olympiade; Dutch: Spelen van de VIIe Olympiade; German: Spiele der VII. Olympiade) and commonly known as Antwerp 1920 (French: Anvers 1920; Dutch and German: Antwerpen 1920), were an international multi-sport event held in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium.


1920 Summer Olympics
In March 1912, during the 13th session of the IOC, Belgium's bid to host the 1920 Summer Olympics was made by Baron Édouard de Laveleye, president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association. No fixed host city was proposed at the time.


1920 Summer Olympics
The 1916 Summer Olympics, to have been held in Berlin, capital of the German Empire, were cancelled due to World War I. When the Olympic Games resumed after the war, Antwerp was awarded hosting the 1920 Summer Games as tribute to the Belgian people. The aftermath of the war and the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 affected the Olympic Games not only due to new states being created, but also by sanctions against the nations that lost the war and were blamed for starting it. Hungary, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire were banned from competing in the Games. The newly formed Soviet Union chose not to attend the Games. Germany did not return to Olympic competition until 1928 and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the Winter edition of 1922 (which predated the first Winter Olympics).


1920 Summer Olympics
The United States won the most gold and overall medals.


1920 Summer Olympics
The sailing events were held in Ostend, Belgium, and two in Amsterdam, Netherlands.


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
In March 1912, during the 13th session of the IOC, the bid on the behalf of Belgium to host the 1920 Summer Olympics. It was made by Baron Édouard de Laveleye, president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association. No fixed host city was proposed at the time.


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
The organizing committee was created on 9 August 1913. It had four presidents:


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
Among the 22 vice-presidents of the committee were people with a military or industrial background, and further people from sports organizations like Paul Havenith, president of the football and athletics club K. Beerschot V.A.C. and Nicolaas Jan Cupérus, president of the Belgian Gymnastics Federation.


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
The first action of the committee was to send an official letter to the IOC in Paris, confirming Antwerp as the city for the Belgian Olympic bid. With Antwerp confirmed as the Olympic Games host, Belgium began reconstructing the Beerschot Stadium into the Olympisch Stadion. Construction on the new Olympic stadium began in July 1919 and finished in May 1920.


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
In 1914, a 109-page brochure was created to promote the idea of Antwerp as a host city for the Olympics: Aurons-nous la VIIème Olympiade à Anvers? (Will we have the 7th Olympiad at Antwerp?). It was sent to all IOC members and was used during the 6th Olympic Congress in Paris in 1914, where the candidacies of Amsterdam, Antwerp, Budapest, and Rome were discussed. Despite a slight preference at the time for Budapest, no final choice was made, and the outbreak of World War I soon afterwards prevented any further progress.


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
In 1915, Lyon made a bid for the 1920 games, but after some discussion, they agreed to support Antwerp and postpone their bid until 1924 if Antwerp was liberated in time to organize the games. The support for Belgium by cousin country France, then the leading country of the IOC, also meant that Amsterdam, and Budapest, in an enemy state, made no chance for the 1920 games against Antwerp.


1920 Summer Olympics, Host city selection
New candidacies from American cities did not have that disadvantage and bids were received from Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Atlanta (which would eventually host the 1996 Summer Olympics), and Cuba also planned a bid for Havana. But shortly after the armistice in November 1918, the IOC decided to give Antwerp the first choice, if they still wanted to host the 1920 Games. In March 1919, the Belgian Olympic Committee decided to go ahead with the organization, and on 5 April 1919, in a meeting in Lausanne, Antwerp was officially declared the host city for the games of the VIIth Olympiad.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
The 1920 Summer Games organizers had very little time to prepare. The time between the IOC's decision of choosing Antwerp as the host city and the start of the Olympic Games was less than two years.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
An executive committee was established on 17 April 1919, with Henri de Baillet-Latour as chairman and Alfred Verdyck, the secretary of the Belgian Union of Football Clubs, as general secretary. Seven commissions were created, to deal with finances, accommodation, press relations, propaganda, schedules, transport, and festivities. Finances and scheduling proved to be the two hardest parts to tackle: the program of events only was published in February 1920, six months before the official start of the Games.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
Between 23 and 30 April 1920, an ice hockey tournament marked the early start of the Games. Held in the "Palais de Glace" or Ice Palace in Antwerp, it was the first time that ice hockey was an Olympic sport.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
The first stone of the new Olympisch Stadion was laid on 4 July 1919 by Jan De Vos, mayor of Antwerp, and inaugurated less than a year later on 23 May 1920 with a gymnastics demonstration.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
When the Olympic Games began, the stadium was still unfinished with some events being built over fortifications and others using existing locations. The athletes quarters were crowded and athletes slept on folding cots.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
The nautical stadium or Stade Nautique d'Antwerp was built at the end of the Jan Van Rijswijcklaan, using the city ramparts there as a spectator's stand. Other events, like shooting, boxing, and equestrian sports, were held at pre-existing locations in and around Antwerp and as far away as Ostend.


1920 Summer Olympics, Organization
The amount of spectators were low throughout Antwerp's Summer Olympics since not many people could afford tickets. In the closing days of the Olympic Games, students were allowed to attend the event for free. After the conclusion of the Olympic Games, Belgium recorded a loss of more than 600 million francs.


1920 Summer Olympics, Sports/Events
156 events in 29 disciplines, comprising 22 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1920. The Sailing program was open for a total of 16 sailing classes, but actually only 14 sailing events were contested. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.


1920 Summer Olympics, Venues
Seventeen sports venues were used in the 1920 Summer Olympics. This marked the first time that the football tournament was spread throughout the country, which has mostly been the case since.


1920 Summer Olympics, Participating nations
A total of 29 nations participated in the Antwerp Games, only one more than in 1912, as Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire were not invited, having lost World War I. From the newly created European states, only Estonia took part, and Czechoslovakia, succeeding Bohemia which had sent athletes prior to World War I as part of the Austrian Empire. Poland was busy with the Polish-Soviet War and therefore was unable to form an Olympic team. Argentina, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Brazil, and Monaco competed as nations at the Olympic Games for the first time. New Zealand, which had competed as part of a combined team with Australia in 1908 and 1912, competed on its own for the first time.


1920 Summer Olympics, Participating nations
As the local Olympic Organizing Committee went bankrupt during the Antwerp 1920 Games, no official report of the Games was ever produced. The documents of the Games were archived at the Belgium Olympic Committee headquarters in Brussels.


1920 Summer Olympics, Medal count
These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1920 Games. These were the first Olympics where the host nation did not win the most medals overall.


1920 Summer Olympics medal table
This is the full table of the medal table of the 1920 Summer Olympics which were held in Antwerp, Belgium.


1920 Summer Olympics medal table
These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.


1920 Sunderland by-election
"The Sunderland by-election of 1920 was held on 24 April 1920. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Coalition Liberal MP, Hamar Greenwood, being appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland. It was retained by Greenwood.


1920 Svenska Mästerskapet
The 1920 Svenska Mästerskapet was the 25th season of Svenska Mästerskapet, the football cup to determine the Swedish champions. Djurgårdens IF won the tournament by defeating IK Sleipner in the final with a 1–0 score.


1920 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden between 4 and 17 September 1920, the last before universal suffrage was introduced the following year. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 75 of the 230 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag. Later in October 1920 Hjalmar Branting was succeeded as prime minister by Baron Louis De Geer.


1920 Swiss referendums
Five referendums were held in Switzerland during 1920. The first three were held on 21 March on a federal law on regulating employment contracts, a ban on creating gambling establishments and a counterproposal to the ban. The fourth was held on 16 May on membership the League of Nations (which Switzerland had become a founding member of the previous year), whilst the fifth was held on 31 October on a federal law on working times on railways and other transport services. Of the five, only the ban on gambling establishments, League of Nations membership and the law on working times were passed.


1920 Swiss referendums, Background
The referendum on joining the League of Nations was a mandatory referendum, whilst the ban on gambling establishments was a popular initiative. Together with the counter-proposal, all three required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. The referendums on employment contracts and working times were optional referendums, which required only a majority of the public vote.


1920 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1920 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1920 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Chick Meehan.


1920 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 1920 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) during the 1920 college football season. Led by first-year head coach William L. Driver, the Frogs compiled an overall record of 9–1 with a conference mark of 3–0, winning the TIAA title. TCU hosted Centre on New Year's Day in the Fort Worth Classic, losing by a score of 63 to 7. The team's captain was Astyanax Douglass, who played center.


1920 Talladega football team
The 1920 Talladega football team was an American football team that represented the Talladega College during the 1920 college football season. The team was led by head coach Jubie Bragg.


1920 Talladega football team
Talladega concluded an undefeated season on November 25 with a 28-0 victory over the previously unbeaten team from Tuskegee Institute. The Talladega newspaper reported: "A large crowd saw the game. Many negroes from nearby cities were here for the contest." The Birmingham News reported: "It was the good old American game of football with the ambulance kept near to waft away the victimes. The championship for Talladega hung upon this game, and no wonder it had all the thrills of a 'bull fight.'"


1920 Talladega football team
The team's key players included right halfback C. Cox, center S. Coles from Talladega, right end "Nap" Rivers from Mobile, and quarterback "Skeats" Gordon from Cave Springs, Georgia.


1920 Talladega football team
As a historically black college, Talladega was unable to play games against white colleges and competed with other historically black colleges. In 1920, the Pittsburgh Courier, an African-American weekly newspaper, began selecting national champions from the black college football teams. The Courier selected Talladega and Howard as the co-champions for the 1920 season. Another source in January 1921 rated Talladega, Howard, and West Virginia Collegiate Institute as the top three "colored" football teams during the 1920 season.


1920 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1920 Tennessee Volunteers football team (variously "Tennessee", "UT" or the "Vols") represented the University of Tennessee in the 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Playing as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA), the team was led by head coach John R. Bender, in his third year, and played their home games at Waite Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and two losses (7–2 overall, 5–2 in the SIAA). The Volunteers offense scored 243 points while the defense allowed 40 points.


1920 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1920 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920. Republican nominee Alfred A. Taylor defeated Democratic incumbent Albert H. Roberts with 54.93% of the vote.


1920 Tennessee gubernatorial election
After Taylor, no Republican would win election as Governor until Winfield Dunn in 1970.


1920 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1920 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M during the 1920 college football season.


1920 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1920 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1920 college football season. In their first year under head coach Berry Whitaker, the Longhorns compiled an undefeated 9–0 record, shut out six of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a collective total of 282 to 13.


1920 Texas Longhorns football team
The meeting of Texas and Texas A&M in 1920 is said to have really started the rivalry. Both teams were undefeated and the game featured the largest crowd in state history. Texas won 7–3. The game turned on a play where the Longhorns' tackle declared himself eligible for a pass.


1920 Texas Mines Miners football team
The 1920 Texas Mines Miners football team was an American football team that represented the Texas School of Mines (now known as the University of Texas at El Paso) as an independent during the 1920 college football season. The team was coached by Harry Van Surdam who was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. The team compiled a 2–4 record and was outscored by a total of 191 to 48.


1920 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 1920 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1920 college football season. Harvey O'Brien returned to lead the Bulldogs after a one-year absence. His second tenure as head coach would last two seasons. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association and played home games at College Park Stadium in Hampton Park.


1920 Thuringian state election
The 1920 Thuringia state election was held on 20 June 1920 to elect the 53 members of the Landtag of Thuringia.


1920 Toledo Blue and Gold football team
The 1920 Toledo Blue and Gold football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University (renamed the University of Toledo in 1967) as an independent during the 1920 college football season. Led by second-year coach Watt Hobt, Toledo compiled a 0–3 record while their final four games of the season were canceled.


1920 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1920 Toronto Argonauts season was the 34th season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in first place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 5–1 record and qualified for the playoffs. After defeating the Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association in the Eastern Final, the Argonauts lost the 8th Grey Cup to the Toronto Varsity Blues.


1920 Toronto Argonauts season, Postseason
The Argonauts' 7-6 victory over Toronto in the Eastern Final on November 20 was voided by the Canadian Rugby Union on November 23, in response to a formal protest filed by the losing team concerning a scoring decision by the game officials. As a result of the decision to uphold this appeal, the two teams were directed to replay the second half of the game, on November 27, with the score standing at 2-0 in favour of the Argonauts, as it had stood at halftime in the first game.


1920 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 1, 1920. Mayor Tommy Church was elected to his sixth consecutive term in office. The most notable feature of the election was Constance Hamilton winning a seat in Ward 3. She became the first woman elected to as high a post in any government in Ontario.


1920 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor
Church had first been elected mayor in 1915 and had been reelected every year since. He was opposed by Controller Sam McBride and James M.H. Ballantyne who was Labour's candidate. Church was reelected, but not by an overwhelming margin.


1920 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control
Two new members of the Board of Control were elected. J. George Ramsden and Joseph Gibbons. One of the vacancies was created by McBride's decision to run for mayor. Sitting Controller William D. Robbins was the only incumbent defeated.


1920 Tour de France
The 1920 Tour de France was the 14th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 27 June to 27 July. It consisted of 15 stages over 5,503 kilometres (3,419 mi), ridden at an average speed of 24.072 kilometres per hour (14.958 mph). It was won by Belgian Philippe Thys, making him the first cyclist to win the Tour de France three times. The Belgians dominated this Tour: 12 of the 15 stages were won by Belgians, and the first eight cyclists in the final classification were Belgian.


1920 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
The 1919 Tour de France had been more difficult than before because of the influence of World War I on the roads and the cyclists, but in 1920, things were going back to normal, although the overall speed was only marginally higher than in 1919, the slowest Tour de France in history. In 1919 only 67 cyclists started the race, but in 1920 this had increased to 113.


1920 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
Although the war was over, the cycling companies were not yet able to sponsor the cyclists in the way they did before the war, so they again bundled their forces under the nickname La Sportive. The cyclists were divided in two categories, this time named 1ère classe (first class), the professionals, and 2ème classe (second class), the amateurs.


1920 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
The 1920 Tour de France used the same formula as since 1910, that would also be used until 1924: fifteen stages, in total around 5000 km, around the perimeter of France, starting and finishing in Paris. In 1919, Philippe Thys had been in poor physical condition, and he did not even finish the first stage. He was ridiculed in the newspaper, and trained hard in the winter to be in better shape in 1920.


1920 Tour de France, Participants
There were 138 cyclists signed up for the race, of which 113 started the first stage. 31 of those were in the first class, the other 82 in the second class.


1920 Tour de France, Participants
Favourites were Christophe, Mottiat, Thys, Belloni, Alavoine and Henri Pelissier.


1920 Tour de France, Race overview
The 1920 Tour de France is described as a boring race. The weather was extremely hot, and after four stages already 65 of the 113 cyclists had quit. French favourites stopped the race early. Eugène Christophe in the 7th stage because of back pain, Jean Alavoine in the 2nd stage and Francis Pélissier in the 3rd stage. Henri Pélissier started well by winning the third stage and the fourth stage, and was the main threat for Philippe Thys who was leading the race.


1920 Tour de France, Race overview
Then, in the 5th stage, Henri Pélissier was penalised with two minutes for throwing away a flat tire illegally. Pélissier objected to the penalty, and immediately stopped the race. Desgrange mentioned that Henri Pélissier was not tough enough, and would never win the Tour de France. He would later win the 1923 edition.


1920 Tour de France, Race overview
The first five stages finished in a group, and multiple cyclists were leading the race with the same aggregate time. In fact, twelve of the fifteen stages finished with a group. Tour organiser Henri Desgrange did not like this, as he wanted the cyclists to ride as individuals. Thys was leading the race after the fifth stage, in the same time as Emile Masson. In the sixth and seventh stage over the Pyrenees, Thys rode economically. He kept close to cyclists who could be a threat, but did not ride away.


1920 Tour de France, Race overview
After those two stages, he led with almost half an hour before Hector Heusghem. The next stage he won, half an hour before Heusghem, so now his lead was one hour. Although Heusghem won stage nine, he did not win back any time on Thys who finished third in the same time. The yellow jersey had been introduced already in 1919, but in 1920 the organisation had not awarded the jersey in the first eight stages. After Thys was still leading in stage nine, he received the yellow jersey. Tour organiser Desgrange was so unhappy with the lack of battle in the race, that he wanted to stop the race after the tenth stage, but was convinced to let the race continue.


1920 Tour de France, Race overview
The Belgians had dominated the race. Honoré Barthélémy was the best French cyclist at the eighth place. He had many falls during the race, broke his wrist and dislocated his shoulder. Barthélémy turned his handlebars up so he did not have to bend his back. When he reached Paris, the French crowd considered him a hero.


1920 Tour de France, Race overview
The race was won by Belgian Thys. Thys had been in every breakaway, finished in the top five in every stage, winning four stages and coming in second seven times.


1920 Tour de France, Results
In each stage, all cyclists started together. The cyclist who reached the finish first, was the winner of the stage. The time that each cyclist required to finish the stage was recorded. For the general classification, these times were added up; the cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader. From the ninth stage on, the leader in the general classification was identified by the yellow jersey.


1920 Tour de France, Results, General classification
The final general classification, calculated by adding the stages times, was won by Philippe Thys.


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 1920 Tour de France was the 14th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 27 June, and Stage 8 occurred on 11 July with a flat stage to Aix-en-Provence. The race finished in Paris on 27 July.


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 1
27 June 1920 — Paris to Le Havre, 388 km (241 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 2
29 June 1920 — Le Havre to Cherbourg, 364 km (226 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 3
1 July 1920 — Cherbourg to Brest, 405 km (252 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 4
3 July 1920 — Brest to Les Sables-d'Olonne, 412 km (256 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 5
5 July 1920 — Les Sables-d'Olonne to Bayonne, 482 km (300 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 6
7 July 1920 — Bayonne to Luchon, 326 km (203 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 7
9 July 1920 — Luchon to Perpignan, 323 km (201 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 8
11 July 1920 — Perpignan to Aix-en-Provence, 325 km (202 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15
The 1920 Tour de France was the 14th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 27 June, and Stage 9 occurred on 14 July with a mountainous stage from Aix-en-Provence. The race finished in Paris on 27 July.


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 9
14 July 1920 — Aix-en-Provence to Nice, 356 km (221 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 10
16 July 1920 — Nice to Grenoble, 333 km (207 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 11
18 July 1920 — Grenoble to Gex, Ain, 362 km (225 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 12
20 July 1920 — Gex to Strasbourg, 354 km (220 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 13
22 July 1920 — Strasbourg to Metz, 300 km (190 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 14
24 July 1920 — Metz to Dunkerque, 433 km (269 mi)


1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 15
27 July 1920 — Dunkerque to Paris, 340 km (210 mi)


1920 Tour of Flanders
The 1920 Tour of Flanders was the fourth edition of the Tour of Flanders road cycling one-day race and was held on 21 March 1920. The race was won by Jules Vanhevel.


1920 Trinity Blue and White football team
The 1920 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1920 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Floyd J. Egan, the team compiled a 4–0–1 record. B. B. Jones was the team captain.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 1920 Tulane Green Wave football team represented the Tulane Green Wave of the Tulane University during the 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The 1920 team tied for the SIAA championship with Georgia and Georgia Tech, and was the first called the "Green Wave", after a song titled "The Rolling Green Wave".


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Before the season
In the prior year of 1919, coach Clark Shaughnessy guided Tulane to a then-school record of seven consecutive wins, and had transformed Tulane into a competitor among Southern collegiate teams.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Before the season
Though he was famous for later using the T formation, at Tulane Shaughnessy employed the single wing. Shaughnessy also introduced to Tulane the Minnesota shift, an innovation created by his former coach Henry L. Williams.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Before the season
Germany Schulz was hired to take over duties as athletic director.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Southwestern Louisiana
The season opened with a 79–0 victory over Southwestern Louisiana. One full quarter was played by the substitutes.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Mississippi College
The Mississippi College Choctaws and Goat Hale fell to Tulane 29–0.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Rice
The Rice Owls fought Tulane to a scoreless tie in a game shifted to Heinemann Park.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Rice
On Oct. 20, 1920, Earl Sparling, the editor of the Tulane Hullabaloo, wrote a football song which was printed in the newspaper. The song was titled "The Rolling Green Wave." Although the name was not immediately adopted, it began to receive acceptance.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Mississippi
Tulane beat Mississippi  32–0. Coach Shaughnessy introduced a new shift in the first half, and the players had trouble implementing it. By the second period, Tulane played conventional football instead.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Michigan
The season's first loss was 21–0 to the Michigan Wolverines in Ann Arbor, succumbing to the northern foes by the second half.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Florida
In Tampa, Tulane beat the Florida Gators 14–0. Florida's Tootie Perry played one of the best games seen in Tampa. Dwyer went over right tackle for the first touchdown. After B. Brown cut loose for a 30-yard run, Richcoon scored the last.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Florida
The starting lineup was Beaulau (left end), Unsworth (left tackle), Fitz (left guard), Reed (center), Killinger (right guard), Payne (right tackle), Wight (right end), Richeson (quarterback), Dwyer (left halfback), Brown (right halfback), McGraw (fullback).


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Mississippi A&M
In what the yearbook called "the critical game of the season," Tulane won 6–0 over the Mississippi Aggies.


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, LSU
Tulane triumphed 21–0 over rival LSU. The starting lineup was Wiegand (left end), Payne (left tackle), Fitz (left guard), Reed (center), Unsworth (right guard), Beallieu (right tackle), Wight (right end), Richeson (quarterback), Dwyer (left halfback), Brown (right halfback), Smith (fullback).


1920 Tulane Green Wave football team, Season summary, Detroit
On a muddy field, the Detroit Titans beat Tulane 7–0. Detroit opened up with passes early, leading to Lauer's off tackle touchdown. The starting lineup was Smith (left end), Payne (left tackle), Unsworth (left guard), Reed (center), Palermo (right guard), Fitz (right tackle), Wight (right end), Richeson (quarterback), Brown (left halfback), Dwyer (right halfback), Beaullieu (fullback).


1920 Turkish Grand National Assembly election
General elections were held in the Ottoman Empire in 1920 in order to select delegates to the new Grand National Assembly. The elections were dominated by the Association for the Defense of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia (Turkish: Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti), which consisted of nationalist local groups protesting against the Allied occupation of Turkey.


1920 Turkish Grand National Assembly election, Background
Following the 1919 general elections, the newly elected Parliament convened in Istanbul on 12 January 1920. However, its approval of the Misak-ı Millî (National Pact) led to Allied forces occupying the city on 16 March. Several MPs were arrested and deported. Sultan Mehmed VI dissolved Parliament on 11 April.


1920 Turkish Grand National Assembly election, Background
After Istanbul had been occupied, the leader of the Turkish National Movement Mustafa Kemal sent telegrams out to Provincial Authorities and army commanders on 19 March ordering them to hold elections for a Grand National Assembly.


1920 Turkish Grand National Assembly election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the new Grand National Assembly met in Ankara on 23 April 1920, with Mustafa Kemal as its chairman.


1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1920 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City and the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. The men's tournament, held in New York City, ran from August 30 until September 6, 1920, while the women's event in Chestnut Hill was held from September 20 through September 25, 1920. It was the 40th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year.


1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
Bill Tilden defeated  Bill Johnston  6–1, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–3


1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Bill Johnston /  Clarence Griffin defeated  Roland Roberts /  Willis Davis 6–2, 6–2, 6–3


1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Marion Zinderstein /  Eleanor Goss defeated  Eleanor Tennant /  Helen Baker 13–11, 4–6, 6–3


1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Hazel Wightman /  Wallace Johnson defeated  Molla Bjurstedt Mallory /  Craig Biddle 6–4, 6–3


1920 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Bill Tilden defeated Bill Johnston 6–1, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1920 U.S. National Championships. It was Tilden's first U.S. Championships singles title and his second Grand Slam singles title overall.


1920 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Molla Mallory defeated Marion Zinderstein 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1920 U.S. National Championships. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from September 20 through September 25, 1920. It was Mallory's fifth U.S. National singles title.


1920 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1920 U.S. Open was the 24th U.S. Open, held August 12–13 at the Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio.


1920 U.S. Open (golf)
Isle of Jersey natives Harry Vardon and Ted Ray played in their first U.S. Open since their playoff loss to Francis Ouimet in 1913. The 50-year-old Vardon, the champion twenty years earlier in 1900, held a five-stroke lead with just five holes to play. He then proceeded to three-putt three holes in a row, then double-bogeyed the 17th after finding the water. He shot 42 (+6) on the second nine, giving him a 78 (+7) for the round and 296 total (+12), and finished in a tie for second, one stroke back. Ray also struggled in the final round, with four bogeys on the back nine. But he parred the 18th, giving him 295 total and a one-stroke victory over runners-up Vardon, Jock Hutchison, Leo Diegel, and Jack Burke Sr.


1920 U.S. Open (golf)
This Open marked the first appearance by Bobby Jones, Gene Sarazen, Tommy Armour, and Johnny Farrell. Between them, they won eight of the next twelve U.S. Opens. This Open returned to the two-day format, with the first two rounds played on the same day; the three-day schedule was permanently adopted for 1926 and the present four-day schedule was first used in 1965.


1920 U.S. Open (golf)
At the age of 43 years and 138 days, Ray became the oldest U.S. Open champion, a record he held for 66 years, until Raymond Floyd, a few months older, won in 1986. Julius Boros was also 43 when he won in 1963. Hale Irwin set the current record in 1990 at age 45.


1920 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the first of six major championships at Inverness, which later hosted the U.S. Open in 1931, 1957, and 1979. The PGA Championship was played at the course in 1986 and 1993.


1920 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1920 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Antwerp, Belgium from 6 to 8 August 1920. Three events for men were contested, two for professionals and one for amateurs.


1920 USC Trojans football team
The 1920 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1920 college football season. In their second year under head coach Gus Henderson, the Trojans compiled a 6–0 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 170 to 21.


1920 USSR Chess Championship
The 1920 USSR Chess Championship was the first edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 4 to 24 October in Moscow. The tournament was won by the future world chess champion Alexander Alekhine.


1920 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico
The election for Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 2, 1920, the same day as the larger Puerto Rican general election and the United States elections, 1920.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1920 United States House of Representatives elections were held to select members of the United States House of Representatives in the 67th Congress of the United States. It coincided with the election of President Warren G. Harding, the first time that women in all states were allowed to vote in federal elections after the passage of the 19th Amendment.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections
The incumbent Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson lost popularity after the conclusion of World War I in 1918, as American voters hoped to return to isolationism and avoid military conflict in the future. Heedless of the prevailing national mood, Wilson advocated American leadership in a new international order under the League of Nations, alienated voters of German and Irish ancestry, and constantly struggled with a Congress controlled by the opposition Republican Party. Harding and the Republicans promised a new start for the nation and a disassociation from Europe's political troubles that most voters found appealing.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections
As a result, the Republicans picked up 63 seats in the House of Representatives, with most of the gains coming from Democratic-leaning districts in the big industrial cities and the border states. Many of these districts elected Republican representatives for the only time in decades, and House Democratic leader Champ Clark was among those who lost reelection. Although the South remained solidly Democratic for the most part, the Republicans secured more than 90% of the seats outside the South, which gave them their largest majority of the 20th century. The 67th Congress is the most recent in which the Republican Party won greater than a two-thirds majority of seats in either chamber.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1920 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 2, 1920. Republicans picked up two Democratic-held districts and defeated the lone Prohibition Party incumbent.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 2, 1920 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Four incumbents were re-elected and all three open seats were retained by the Democrats. The composition of the state delegation thus remained solely Democratic.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Richard S. Whaley of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1913, opted to retire. W. Turner Logan defeated F.F. Carroll in the Democratic primary and Republican challenger Saspartas in the general election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James F. Byrnes of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1911, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Frederick H. Dominick of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1917, defeated W.W. Bradley in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel J. Nicholls of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1915, opted to retire. John J. McSwain won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman William F. Stevenson of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1917, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Philip H. Stoll of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1919, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Edward C. Mann of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1919, was defeated in the Democratic primary by Hampton P. Fulmer. He defeated Republican challenger L.A. Hawkins in the general election.


1920 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 1920 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 2, 1920 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had ten seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1910 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.


1920 United States Senate election in Arizona
The 1920 United States Senate elections in Arizona took place on November 2, 1920. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Marcus A. Smith ran for reelection to a third term, but was defeated by former Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Arizona Territory Ralph H. Cameron in the general election. Cameron would become the first Republican elected to the office of U.S. Senator from Arizona since the state joined the union in 1912. The same year, Republican Governor Thomas Edward Campbell was reelected to a second term.


1920 United States Senate election in Arizona, Democratic primary
The Democratic primary took place on September 8, 1920. Incumbent U.S. Senator Marcus A. Smith was the recipient of a significant challenge in the Democratic primary, notably by Maricopa County Superior Court judge Rawghlie Clement Stanford, who would go on to become Arizona's fifth Governor in 1937. Fellow lawyer Albinus A. Worsley, as well as John W. Norton also ran in the primary. Smith narrowly staved off his primary challengers and went on to compete in the general election in November.


1920 United States Senate election in California
The 1920 United States Senate election in California was held on November 6, 1920. Incumbent Democratic Senator James Duval Phelan ran for re-election but was defeated by Republican attorney Samuel Morgan Shortridge.


1920 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 1920 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 2, 1920.


1920 United States Senate election in Connecticut
Incumbent Senator Frank B. Brandegee was re-elected to a second term in office over Democratic U.S. Representative Augustine Lonergan.


1920 United States Senate election in Connecticut, Democratic nomination, Campaign
For much of the campaign into September, Homer Stille Cummings appeared to be the likely Democratic nominee. He had the backing of President Woodrow Wilson and Democratic presidential nominee James M. Cox. However, following the Republican landslide in Maine on September 13, Cummings demurred.


1920 United States Senate election in Connecticut, Democratic nomination, Convention
At the convention, Cummings openly declared that he would decline to be a candidate, citing health reasons. Instead, the party turned to two-term U.S. Representative Augustine Lonergan. The party platform endorsed the Wilson administration, women's suffrage, health insurance reform, state civil service reform, and agricultural aid in the state.