1924 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Big Ten players
Thirteen players received first-team honors on the 1924 All-Big Ten Conference football team from at least three of the following eight selectors: Billy Evans (BE), Bill Ingram (BI), Indiana head football coach, Daily Illini (DI), Hank Casserly (HC), sporting editor of the Capital Times in Madison, Wisconsin, The Indianapolis News (IN) Larry Dailey (LD), and Walter Eckersall (WE).


1924 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Two Big Ten players were consensus first-team picks on the 1924 College Football All-America Team. They were:


1924 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team
The 1924 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Birmingham–Southern College as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their first season under head coach Harold Drew, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record.


1924 Birthday Honours
The 1924 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 3 June 1924.


1924 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1924 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor
The King appointed the following to His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:


1924 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
On the termination of the administrative functions of the British South Africa Company in Northern Rhodesia —


1924 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
In recognition of the valuable sendees rendered in the recent successful seaplane flight round Australia —


1924 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
On the termination of the administrative functions of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia and in Northern Rhodesia —


1924 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
On the termination of the administrative functions of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia and in Northern Rhodesia —


1924 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)
On the termination of the administrative functions of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia and in Northern Rhodesia —


1924 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1924 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George V, were appointments made by the King on the recommendation of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 3 June 1924.


1924 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1924 Boston Braves season
The 1924 Boston Braves season was the 54th season of the franchise. The Braves finished eighth in the National League with a record of 53 wins and 100 losses.


1924 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1924 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1924 college football season.


1924 Boston Red Sox season
The 1924 Boston Red Sox season was the 24th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished seventh in the American League (AL) with a record of 67 wins and 87 losses, 25 games behind the Washington Senators, who went on to win the 1924 World Series.


1924 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1924 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Charles Whelan, the team compiled a 1–5 record, was shut out in four of six games, and was outscored by a total of 122 to 13.


1924 Bowling Green Normals football team
The 1924 Bowling Green Normals football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State Normal School (later Bowling Green State University) as a member of the Northwest Ohio League (NOL) during the 1924 college football season. In its first season under head coach Warren Steller, the team compiled a 3–4 record and was outscored by a total of 73 to 60. Ralph Castner was the team captain.


1924 Bowling Green Normals football team
On October 18, Bowling Green defeated Ashland, 13–6, without making a first down in the game. The team scored by recovering two fumbles and returning them a total of 65 yards for touchdowns. Ashland converted 13 first downs but had five passes intercepted.


1924 Bowling Green Normals football team
The school celebrated its 10th anniversary at the homecoming game on November 8. New bleachers seating over 1,000 persons were dedicated at the school's athletic field.


1924 Bremen state election
The 1924 Bremen state election was held on 7 December 1924 to elect the 120 members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen.


1924 British Columbia general election
The 1924 British Columbia general election was the sixteenth general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on May 10, 1924, and held on June 20, 1924. The new legislature met for the first time on November 3, 1924.


1924 British Columbia general election
The Liberal Party was re-elected to its third term in government, falling just short of a majority in the legislature even though it won less than a third of the popular vote. Two Independent Liberals were also elected. Premier John Oliver lost his own seat in Victoria City, but remained Premier until 1927.


1924 British Columbia general election
The Conservative Party formed the official opposition, while two new parties, the Provincial Party and the Canadian Labour Party won three seats each, and a total of 35% of the vote.


1924 British Columbia general election, Campaign
The Provincial Party, which nominated candidates only in 1924, was formed by a group of British Columbia Conservative Party dissidents known as the "Committee of 100", led and funded by the wealthy General Alexander McRae and political elements from the United Farmers of British Columbia. McRae claimed that the Liberal government of John Oliver and the previous administrations of Conservative Premier William John Bowser, then the opposition leader, were corrupt.


1924 British Columbia general election, Campaign
Many of his allegations were related to the funding of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway plan to reach Prince George in the Northern interior of the province, which was not achieved until many years later. He claimed that there were kickbacks, patronage and various wrongdoings. His allegations were never proven. The election was bitterly fought with sensational allegations against all three leaders. McRae was not elected. Both Bowser and Oliver lost their seats but Oliver continued to lead his Liberal Party as Premier of a minority government after the election.


1924 British Columbia general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1924 British Columbia general election, Results
1 Not the same as the Canadian Labour Party of B.C. which contested the 1906 and 1909 general elections. Organized in British Columbia in 1924.


1924 British Columbia general election, Results
2 Includes joint Socialist Party of Canada - Workers' Party of Canada candidate.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa
The 1924 British Isles tour to South Africa was the tenth tour by a British Isles team and the fifth to South Africa. The tour is retrospectively classed as one of the British Lions tours, as the Lions naming convention was not adopted until 1950. As well as South Africa, the tour included a game in Salisbury in Rhodesia, in what would become present day Harare in Zimbabwe.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour history
Led by England's Ronald Cove-Smith and managed by former Wales international Harry Packer, the tour took in 21 matches. Of the 21 games, 17 were against club or invitational teams and four were Test matches against the South African national team. The British Isles lost three and drew one of the Test matches making it one of the least successful Lions tours to South Africa – the 1962 and 1968 tourists also lost their Test series three matches to nil with one draw. The tourist also suffered badly in the non-Test games losing six and drawing one, including a run where they failed to win over an eight-match period.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour history
Several reasons have been put forward regarding the poor performance of the British Isles. The team itself was fairly unrepresentative of the best the home nations could have supplied, during a period where British rugby wasn't in its finest phase. The team also suffered from a heavy attrition rate to injury attributed to the very dry South African playing pitches; conditions that once suited British back play, and were so short of players during some periods the team was forced to use players in foreign positions.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour history
On their return at least two of the players on the tour, Roy Kinnear and Thomas Holliday went on to become dual code rugby internationals after they switched to rugby league.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa, Tour history
The match against Orange Free State Country was a peculiar match with the home team being much weaker. Fortune shone upon the home team though, when they won the toss and decided to play with a howling wind on their backs. Half time, the wind died down and proceeded to blow with the same vengeance in the opposite direction. This advantage was enough to ensure a 6–0 win for the home side.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa, Touring party, Forwards
Ian Smith and Roy Muir Kinnear had not been capped by Scotland at the time of the 1924 tour.


1924 British Lions tour to South Africa, Results
Complete list of matches played by the British Isles in South Africa:


1924 British Mount Everest expedition
The 1924 British Mount Everest expedition was—after the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition—the 2nd expedition with the goal of achieving the first ascent of Mount Everest. After two summit attempts in which Edward Norton set a world altitude record of 28,126 feet (8572 m), the mountaineers George Mallory and Andrew "Sandy" Irvine disappeared on the third attempt. Their disappearance has given rise to the long-standing unanswered question of whether or not the pair climbed to the summit. Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 26,760 feet (8155 m), but the resulting clues did not provide conclusive evidence as to whether the summit was reached.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Background and motivation
At the beginning of the 20th century, the British participated in contests to be the first to reach the North and South Poles, without success. A desire to restore national prestige led to scrutiny and discussion of the possibility of "conquering the third pole" – making the first ascent of the highest mountain on Earth.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Background and motivation
The southern side of the mountain, which is accessible from Nepal and today is the standard climbing route, was unavailable as Nepal was a "forbidden country" for westerners. Going to the north side was politically complex: it required the persistent intervention of the British-Indian government with the Dalai Lama regime in Tibet to allow British expedition activities.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Background and motivation
A major handicap of all expeditions to the north side of Mount Everest is the tight time window between the end of winter and the start of the monsoon rains. To travel from Darjeeling in northern India over Sikkim to Tibet, it was necessary to climb high, long snow-laden passes east of the Kangchenjunga area. After this first step, a long journey followed through the valley of the Arun River to the Rongbuk valley near the north face of Mount Everest. Horses, donkeys, yaks, and dozens of local porters provided transport. The expeditions arrived at Mount Everest in late April and only had until June before the monsoon began, allowing only six to eight weeks for altitude acclimatisation, setting up camps, and the actual climbing attempts.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Background and motivation
A secondary task for the expedition was to survey the area around the West Rongbuk Glacier. The Survey of India sent a Gurkha surveyor with the expedition who was assisted in climbing to the difficult areas to survey.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations
Two expeditions preceded the 1924 effort. The first in 1921 was an exploratory expedition led by Harold Raeburn which described a potential route along the whole northeast ridge. Later George Mallory proposed a longer modified climb to the north col, then along the north ridge to reach the northeast ridge, and then on to the summit. This approach seemed to be the "easiest" terrain to reach the top. After they had discovered access to the base of the north col via the East Rongbuk Glacier, the complete route was explored and appeared to be the superior option. Several attempts on Mallory's proposed route occurred during the 1922 expedition.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations
After this expedition, insufficient time for preparation and a lack of financial means prevented an expedition in 1923. The Common Everest Committee had lost some 700 pounds in the bankruptcy of the Alliance Bank of Simla. So the third expedition was postponed until 1924.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations
Like the two earlier expeditions, the 1924 expedition was also planned, financed and organised by the membership of the Royal Geographical Society, the Alpine Club, and a major contribution by Captain John Noel, who thereby purchased all photographic rights. The Mount Everest Committee which they formed used military strategies, with some military personnel.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations
One important change was the role of the porters. The 1922 expedition recognised several of them were capable of gaining great heights and quickly learning mountaineering skills. The changed climbing strategy which increased their involvement later culminated in an equal partnership of Tenzing Norgay for the first known ascent in 1953 together with Edmund Hillary. The gradual reversal in the system of "Sahib – Porter" from the earliest expeditions eventually led to a "professional – client" situation where the Sherpa "porters" are the real strong mountaineering professionals and the westerners mainly weaker clients.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations
Like the 1922 expedition, the 1924 expedition also brought bottled oxygen to the mountain. The oxygen equipment had been improved during the two intervening years, but was still not very reliable. Also there was no real clear agreement whether to use this assistance at all. It was the start of a discussion which still lasts today: the "sporting" arguments intend to climb Everest "by fair means" without the technical measure which reduces the effects of high altitude by a couple of thousand metres.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations, Participants
The expedition was headed by the same leader as the 1922 expedition, General Charles G. Bruce. He was responsible for managing equipment and supplies, hiring porters and choosing the route to the mountain.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations, Participants
The question of which mountaineers would comprise the climbing party was no easy one. As a consequence of the First World War, there was a lack of a whole generation of strong young men. George Mallory was again part of the mission, along with Howard Somervell, Edward "Teddy" Norton and Geoffrey Bruce. George Ingle Finch, who had gained the record height in 1922, was proposed as a member but eventually was not included. The committee's reasons included that he was divorced and that he had accepted money for lectures.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations, Participants
The influential Secretary of the committee, Arthur Hinks, made it clear that for an Australian to be first on Everest was not acceptable; the British wanted the climb to be an example of British spirit to lift morale. Mallory refused to climb again without Finch, but changed his mind after being personally persuaded by the British royal family at Hinks's request.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations, Participants
The new members of the climbing team included Noel Odell, Bentley Beetham and John de Vars Hazard. Andrew "Sandy" Irvine, an engineering student whom Odell knew from an expedition to Spitsbergen, was a so-called "experiment" for the team and a test for "young blood" on the slopes of Mount Everest. Due to his technical and mechanical expertise, Irvine was able to enhance the capacities of the oxygen equipment, to decrease the weight, and to perform numerous repairs to it and other expedition equipment.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations, Participants
The participants were not only selected for their mountaineering abilities; the status of their families and any military experience or university degrees were also factors in the selection procedures. Military experience was of the highest importance in the public image and communication to the newspapers. Quaker-educated Richard B. Graham, b. 1893 (Bootham School, York, 1906–10) was also chosen, but resigned on being told that some members of the party objected to climbing with a man who had refused to fight in the war.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Preparations, Participants
The full expedition team consisted of 60 porters and the following members:


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Journey
At the end of February 1924, Charles and Geoffrey Bruce, Norton and Shebbeare arrived in Darjeeling where they selected the porters from Tibetans and Sherpas. They once again engaged the Tibetan born Karma Paul for translation purposes and Gyalzen for sardar (leader of the porters) and purchased food and material. At the end of March 1924, all expedition members were assembled and the journey to Mount Everest began. They followed the same route as the 1921 and 1922 expeditions. To avoid overloading the dak bungalows, they travelled in two groups and arrived in Yatung at the beginning of April.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Journey
Phari Dzong was reached on 5 April. After negotiations with Tibetan authorities, the main part of the expedition followed the known route to Kampa Dzong while Charles Bruce and a smaller group chose an easier route. During this stage, Bruce was crippled with malaria and was forced to relinquish his leadership role to Norton. On 23 April the expedition reached Shekar Dzong. They arrived at the Rongbuk Monastery on 28 April, some kilometres from the planned base camp.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Journey
The Lama of Rongbuk Monastery was ill and could not speak with the British members and the porters or perform the Buddhist puja ceremonies. The following day the expedition reached the location of the base camp at the glacier end of the Rongbuk valley. Weather conditions were good during the approach but now the weather was cold and snowy.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Planned access route
As the kingdom of Nepal was forbidden to foreigners, the British expeditions before the Second World War could only gain access to the north side of the mountain. In 1921, Mallory had seen a possible route from the North Col to go to the top. This route follows the East Rongbuk Glacier to the North Col. From there, the windy ridges (North Ridge, Northeast Ridge) seemed to allow a practical route to the top.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Planned access route
On the Northeast Ridge a formidable obstacle blocks the route in the form of steep cliff called the Second Step at 8,605 metres (28,230 ft), whose difficulty was unknown in 1924. The second step massive is a suddenly steeper stratum of rock with a total height of 30 m. The crux is a 5 m cliff that was first verifiably climbed by the Chinese in 1960. Since 1975 it has been bridged with a ladder. After that point, the ridge route leads to the summit by a steep (45-degree) snow slope, the "triangular snow field" on the summit pyramid, and thence to the summit ridge.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Planned access route
The first men to travel this route to the summit were the Chinese in 1960, along the Northeast Ridge. The British since 1922 had made their ascent attempts significantly down the ridge, crossed the giant north face to the Great Couloir (later called the "Norton Couloir"), climbed along the borderline of the couloir, and then attempted to reach the summit pyramid. This route was unsuccessful until Reinhold Messner followed it for his solo ascent in 1980. The exact route of the Mallory and Irvine ascent is not known.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Planned access route
They either used the natural Norton/Harris route—cutting diagonally through the Yellow Band ledges to the Northeast Ridge or, possibly, following the North Ridge straight up to the Northeast Ridge. It is unknown whether either of them reached the summit. The diagonal traverse of the northern face to breach the Second Step strata through the beginning of the Great (Norton) Couloir was a potential alternative to the ridge route, but it is rarely used.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Erection of the camps
The positions of the high camps were planned before the expedition took place. Camp I (5400 m) was erected as an intermediate camp at the entrance of the East Rongbuk Glacier to the main valley. Camp II (about 6000 m) was erected as another intermediate camp, halfway to Camp III (advanced base camp, 6400 m) about 1 km from the icy slopes leading up to the North Col.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Erection of the camps
Supplies were transported by about 150 porters from base camp to advanced base camp. The porters were paid around 1 shilling per day. At the end of April, they expanded the camp positions, a job which was finished in the first week of May.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Erection of the camps
Further climbing activities were delayed because of a snow storm. On 15 May, the expedition members received the blessings of the Lama at the Rongbuk Monastery. As the weather started to improve, Norton, Mallory, Somervell and Odell arrived on 19 May at Camp III. One day later, they started to fix ropes on the icy slopes to the North Col. They erected Camp IV on 21 May at a height of 7,000 metres (22,970 ft).


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Erection of the camps
Once again the weather conditions deteriorated. John de Vars Hazard remained in Camp IV on the North Col with 12 porters and little food. Eventually, Hazard was able to climb down, but only 8 porters came with him. The other 4 porters, who had become ill, were rescued by Norton, Mallory and Somervell. The whole expedition returned to Camp I. There, 15 porters who had demonstrated the most strength and competence in climbing were elected as so called "tigers".


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts
The first attempt was scheduled for Mallory and Bruce, and after that Somervell and Norton would get a chance. Odell and Irvine would support the summit teams from Camp IV on the North Col while Hazard provided support from Camp III. The supporters would also form the reserve teams for a third try. The first and second attempts were done without bottled oxygen.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, First: Mallory and Bruce
On 1 June 1924 Mallory and Bruce began their first attempt from the North Col, supported by 9 "tiger" porters. Camp IV was situated in a relatively protected space some 50 metres (160 ft) below the lip of the North Col; when they left the shelter of the ice walls they were exposed to harsh, icy winds sweeping across the North Face. Before they were able to install Camp V at 7,700 metres (25,260 ft), 4 porters abandoned their loads and turned back. While Mallory erected the platforms for the tents, Bruce and 1 tiger retrieved the abandoned loads. The following day, 3 tigers also objected to climbing higher, and the attempt was aborted without erecting Camp VI as planned at 8,170 metres (26,800 ft). Halfway down to Camp IV, the first summit team met Norton and Somervell who had just started their attempt.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
The second attempt was started on 2 June by Norton and Somervell with the support of 6 porters. They were astonished to see Mallory and Bruce descending so early and wondered if their porters would also refuse to continue beyond Camp V. This fear was partially realised when 2 porters were sent "home" to Camp IV, but the other 4 porters and the 2 English climbers spent the night in Camp V. On the following day, 3 of the porters brought up the materials to establish Camp VI at 8,170 metres (26,800 ft) in a small niche. The porters were then sent back to Camp IV on the North Col.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
On 4 June, Norton and Somervell were able to start their summit bid at 6:40 am, later than originally planned. A spilled water bottle caused the delay, and a new quantity had to be melted. But the litre of water each man took was wholly inadequate for their climb, and a chronic shortcoming of the pre-WW-II climbs. Weather was ideal. After ascending the North Ridge more than 200 metres (660 ft), they decided to traverse the North Face diagonally but, not breathing supplemental oxygen, the effect of altitude forced them to stop frequently to rest.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
Around 12 o'clock, Somervell was no longer able to climb higher. Norton continued alone and traversed to the deep gulley which leads to the eastern foot of the summit pyramid. This gulley was named "Norton Couloir" or "Great Couloir". During this solo climb, Somervell took one of the most remarkable photographs in mountaineering history. It shows Norton near his high point of 8,570 metres (28,120 ft) where he tried to climb over steep, icy terrain with some spots of fresh snow. This altitude established a confirmed world record climbing altitude which was not surpassed for another 28 years; the 1952 Swiss Mount Everest Expedition, when Raymond Lambert and Tenzing Norgay reached 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) on the south side of Everest.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
The summit was less than 280 m (920 ft) above Norton when he decided to turn around because of increasing terrain difficulty, insufficient time and doubts of his remaining strength. He re-joined Somervell at 2 pm; and they descended. Shortly after they joined up, Somervell accidentally dropped his ice axe and it fell down the north face and out of view.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
While following Norton, Somervell suffered a severe problem with a blockage of his throat, and he sat down to await his death. In a desperate last attempt, he compressed his lungs with his arms, and suddenly disgorged the blockage – which he described as the lining of his throat. He then followed Norton, who was by now 30 minutes ahead, unaware of the life-threatening episode to his partner.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
Below Camp V it had turned dark, but they managed to reach Camp IV at 9:30 pm and were using "electric torches". They were offered oxygen bottles by Mallory (a sign of his conversion to the shunned aid) but their first wish was to drink water. During the night, Mallory discussed his plan with expedition leader Norton, to make a final attempt with Andrew Irvine and to use oxygen.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Second: Norton and Somervell
That night, Norton was struck with a severe pain in his eyes. By morning, he was completely snow blind and remained blinded for sixty hours. Norton remained in Camp IV on 5 June because he was most familiar with Nepalese and he assisted with co-ordinating the porters from his tent. On 6 June, Norton was carried down to Camp III (Advanced Base Camp) by a group of six porters who took turns carrying him. In the film, The Epic of Everest, Norton is seen being carried by one of the porters into Camp III.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
While Somervell and Norton ascended, Mallory and Bruce had climbed down to Camp III (ABC) and returned to the Camp IV (North Col) with oxygen.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
On 5 June Mallory and Irvine were in Camp IV. Mallory spoke with Norton about his selection of Sandy Irvine as his climbing partner. Since Norton was the expedition leader after the illness of Bruce, and Mallory was the chief climber, he decided not to challenge Mallory's plan, in spite of Irvine's inexperience in high-altitude climbing. Irvine was not chosen primarily for his climbing abilities; rather, it was due to his practical skill with the oxygen equipment. Mallory and Irvine had also become fast friends since they shared a lot of time aboard ship to India, and Mallory considered the personable 22-year-old as "strong as an ox".


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
On 6 June, Mallory and Irvine departed for Camp V at 8:40 am with eight porters. They carried the modified oxygen apparatus with two cylinders as well as a day's ration of food. Their load was estimated to be 25 lbs each. Odell took their picture, which would end up being the last close up picture taken of the pair alive. The film The Epic of Everest captures a scene from that day of a party of ten people moving up the ridge, but at over two miles distance, only tiny figures can be seen. That evening shortly after 5 pm, four of the porters returned from Camp V with a note from Mallory which said, "There is no wind here, and things look hopeful."


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
On 7 June, Odell and Nema, a porter, went to Camp V to support the summit team. On the trip to Camp V, Odell picked up an oxygen-breathing set which had been abandoned by Irvine on the ridge only to discover that it was missing its mouthpiece. Odell carried it up to Camp V in hopes of finding an extra mouthpiece there but did not find one. Shortly after Odell arrived in Camp V, the four remaining porters who had assisted Mallory and Irvine returned from Camp VI. The porters gave Odell the following message:


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
We're awfully sorry to have left things in such a mess – our Unna Cooker rolled down the slope at the last moment. Be sure of getting back to IV to-morrow in time to evacuate before dark, as I hope to. In the tent I must have left a compass – for the Lord's sake rescue it: we are without. To here on 90 atmospheres for two days – so we'll probably go on two cylinders – but it's a bloody load for climbing. Perfect weather for the job!


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
Dear Noel,We'll probably start early to-morrow (8th) to have clear weather. It won't be too early to start looking out for us either crossing the rockband under the pyramid or going up skyline at 8.0 p.m.Yours everG Mallory


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
(Mallory really meant 8 a.m., not 8 p.m.) Mallory referred to the climbers by their last names, thus, his letter to Odell starts, "Dear Odell" (Odell's first name is Noel), while his letter to John Noel starts "Dear Noel." Nema was getting sick and Odell dispatched him and the remaining four porters back to Camp IV with a letter to Hazzard.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
John Noel received the letter and understood the mistake between "p.m." and "a.m.". He also knew the location Mallory was referring to, as he and Mallory had discussed it previously, and both the "skyline" and the "rockband" could be seen at the same time through the camera.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
On 8 June, John Noel and two porters were at the photographic lookout point above Camp III (Advanced Base Camp) at 8 a.m. looking for the climbers. They took turns with a telescope, and if anything were seen, Noel would turn the camera on—which was already focused upon the agreed spot. They did not spot anyone and could see the summit ridge until 10 a.m. when clouds blocked the view.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
On the morning of 8 June, Odell awoke at 6:00 am, reporting that the night was largely free of wind and that he slept well. At 8:00 am, Odell started an ascent to Camp VI to make geological studies and to support Mallory and Irvine. The mountain was swept by mists so he could not see the NE Ridge clearly along which Mallory and Irvine intended to climb. At 7900m (26,000-ft) he climbed over a small outcropping. At 12:50, the mists suddenly cleared. Odell noted in his diary, "saw M & I on the ridge, nearing base of final pyramide".


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
In a first report on 5 July to The Times he clarified this view. Odell was excited about having found the first fossils on Everest when there was a clearing in the weather and he saw the summit ridge and final pyramid of Everest. His eyes caught a tiny black dot which moved on a small snowcrest beneath a rock-step on the ridge. A second black dot was moving toward the first one. The first dot reached the crest of the ridge ("broke skyline"). He could not be certain if the second dot also did so.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
Odell's initial opinion was that the two climbers had reached the base of the Second Step. He was concerned because Mallory and Irvine seemed to be five hours behind their schedule. After this sighting, Odell continued on to Camp VI where he found the tent in chaotic disorder. At 2 p.m. an intense snow squall began. Odell went out in the squall hoping to signal the two climbers who he believed would by now be descending. He whistled and shouted, hoping to lead them back to the tent, but gave up because of the intense cold. Odell holed up in C-VI until the squall ended at 4 pm. He then scanned the mountain for Mallory and Irvine but saw no one.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
Because the single C-VI tent could only sleep two, Mallory had advised Odell to leave Camp VI and return to Camp IV on the North Col. Odell left C-VI at 4:30 p.m. arrived at C-IV at 6:45 p.m. As they had not seen any sign from Mallory and Irvine then or the next day, Odell again climbed up the mountain together with two porters. Around 3:30 p.m., they arrived at Camp V and stayed for the night. The following day Odell again went alone to Camp VI which he found unchanged.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Summit attempts, Third: Mallory and Irvine
He then climbed up to around 8200m but could not see any trace of the two missing climbers. In Camp VI he laid 6 blankets in a cross on the snow which was the signal for "No trace can be found, Given up hope, Awaiting orders" to the advanced base camp. Odell climbed down to Camp IV. In the morning of 11 June they started to leave the mountain by climbing down the icy slopes of north col to end the expedition. Five days later they said goodbye to the Lama at Rongbuk Monastery.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition
The expedition participants erected a memorial cairn in honour of the men who had died in the 1920s on Mount Everest. Mallory and Irvine became national heroes. Magdalene College, one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge, where Mallory had studied, erected a memorial stone in one of its courts – a court renamed for Mallory. The University of Oxford, where Irvine studied, erected a memorial stone in his memory. In St Paul's Cathedral a ceremony took place which was attended by King George V and other dignitaries, as well as the families and friends of the climbers.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition
The official film of the expedition The Epic of Everest, produced by John Noel, caused a diplomatic controversy later known as the Affair of the Dancing Lamas. A group of monks was taken clandestinely from Tibet to perform a song and dance act before each showing of the film. This greatly offended the Tibetan authorities. Because of this and various unauthorised activities during the expedition, the Dalai Lama did not allow access for further expeditions until 1933.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Odell's sighting of Mallory and Irvine
The opinion of the Everest climbing community began to challenge the location Odell claimed to have seen the two climbers. Many thought the Second Step, if not unclimbable, was at least not climbable in the five minutes Odell says he saw one of the two surmount it. Based on their position, both Odell and Norton believed that Mallory and Irvine had made it to the summit, with Odell sharing this belief with the newspapers after the expedition. The expedition report was presented to Martin Conway, a prominent politician and mountaineer, who expressed the opinion that the summit had been reached. Conway's opinion was based on their location on the mountain and Mallory's exceptional mountaineering skill.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Odell's sighting of Mallory and Irvine
Under social pressure from the climbing community Odell varied his opinion on several occasions as to the very spot where he had seen the two black dots. Most climbers believe he must have seen them climbing the far easier First Step. In the expedition report he wrote that the climbers were on the second-to-last step below the summit pyramid, indicating the famous and more difficult Second Step. Odell's account of the weather situation also varied. At first, he described that he could see the whole ridge and the summit.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Odell's sighting of Mallory and Irvine
Later, he said that only a part of the ridge was free of mist. After viewing photographs of the 1933 expedition, Odell again said that he might have seen the two climbers at the Second Step. Shortly before his death in 1987, he admitted that since 1924 he had never been clear about the exact location along the northeast ridge where he had seen the black dots.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Odell's sighting of Mallory and Irvine
A recent theory suggests the two climbers were cresting the First Step after they had given up their climb and were already on the descent. They scrambled up the small hillock to take photographs of the remaining route, much as the French did in 1981, when they too were blocked from further progress.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Odell's sighting of Mallory and Irvine
As to which step they were seen on, Conrad Anker has stated that "it's hard to say because Odell was looking at it obliquely ... you're at altitude, the clouds were coming in" but that he believes "they were probably in the vicinity of the First Step when they turned back, because the First Step itself is very challenging and the Second Step is more challenging.... [


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Odell's sighting of Mallory and Irvine
T]o put them where they might have fallen in the evening and where Mallory's body is resting, because it's a traversing route, he couldn't have fallen off either the First or Second Step and ended up where he was at, they were well to the East of that descending the Yellow Band".


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
Odell discovered the first evidence which might reveal something about the climb of Mallory and Irvine among the equipment in camps V and VI. In addition to Mallory's compass, which normally was a critical component for climbing activities, he discovered some oxygen bottles and spare parts. This situation suggests the possibility that there had been a problem with the oxygen equipment which might have caused a delayed start in the morning. A hand-generator electric lamp also remained in the tent – it was still in working order when it was found by the Ruttledge expedition nine years later.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
During the 1933 British Mount Everest expedition, Percy Wyn-Harris found the ice axe of Irvine some 250 yards (230 metres) east of the First Step and 60 feet (20 metres) below the ridge. This location raises additional questions. The area is a 30-degree slab of rock with loose pebbles, according to Wyn-Harris. Expedition leader Hugh Ruttledge said: "We have naturally paid close attention to the problem. Firstly, it seems probable that the axe marked the scene of a fatal accident. For reasons already given, neither climber would be likely to abandon it deliberately on the slabs...its presence there would seem to indicate that it was accidentally dropped when a slip occurred or that its owner put it down in order to have both hands free to hold the rope".


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
On the second summit climb of the Chinese in 1975, the Chinese mountaineer Wang Hongbao saw an "English dead" (body) at 8,100 m (26,575 ft). This news was officially denied by the Chinese Mountaineering Association (CMA), but this report to a Japanese climber, who passed it on to Tom Holzel led to the first Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition in 1986, which was unsuccessful due to bad weather.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
In 1999, a new search expedition was mounted, founded by German Everest researcher Jochen Hemmleb, and led by Eric Simonson. Simonson had seen some very old oxygen bottles near the First Step during his first summit climb in 1991. One of these bottles was again found in 1999 and was one belonging to Mallory and Irvine, thus proving the two climbed at least as high as shortly below the First Step. Their location also suggests a climbing speed of approximately 275 vert-ft/hr, good time for the altitude and an indication the oxygen systems were working perfectly. The expedition also tried to reproduce Odell's position when he had seen Mallory and Irvine. The mountaineer Andy Politz later reported that they could clearly identify each of the three steps without any problems.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
The most remarkable finding was the corpse of George Leigh Mallory at a height of 8,159 metres (26,768 ft). The lack of extreme injuries indicated he had not tumbled very far. His waist showed severe rope-jerk mottling, showing the two had been roped when they fell. Mallory's injuries were such that a walking descent was impossible: his right foot was nearly broken off and there was a golf ball-sized puncture wound in his forehead. His unbroken leg was on top of the broken one, as if to protect it.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
General Hospital neurosurgeon Dr. Elliot Schwamm believes it not possible that he would have been conscious after the forehead injury. There was no oxygen equipment near the body, but the oxygen bottles would have been empty by that time and discarded at a higher altitude to relinquish the heavy load. Mallory was not wearing snow goggles, although a pair was stored in his vest, which may indicate that he was on the way back by night. However, a contemporary photograph shows he had two sets of goggles when he started his summit climb.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, After the expedition, Findings
The image of his wife Ruth which he intended to put on the summit was not in his vest. He carried the picture throughout the whole expedition—a sign that he might have reached the top. Since his Kodak pocket camera was not found, there is no proof of a successful climb to the summit.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
Since 1924, there have been supporting claims and rumours that Mallory and Irvine had been successful and so were actually the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest. One counter argument claims that their fleece, vests and trousers were of too poor a quality. In 2006, Graham Hoyland climbed to 21,000 ft. in an exact reproduction of Mallory's original clothing. He said that it functioned very well and was quite comfortable.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
However, human thermo-regulation expert Professor George Havenith of Loughborough University (UK), has tested a rigorously accurate recreation of Mallory's clothing in a weather chamber. His conclusion: "If the wind speed had picked up, a common feature of weather on Everest, the insulation of the clothing would only just be sufficient to −10 °C (14 °F). Mallory would not have survived any deterioration in conditions."


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
Odell's sighting is of especially high interest. The description of Odell's sighting and the current knowledge indicate Mallory's 5-minute surmounting of the Second Step is unlikely. This wall cannot be climbed as fast as described by Odell. Only the first and the third step can be climbed quickly. Odell said that they were at the foot of the summit pyramid, which contradicts a location at the First Step, but it is unlikely the pair could have started early enough to reach the Third Step by 12:50 pm. Since the First Step is far away from the Third Step, confusing them is also not likely. One suggestion proposes that Odell confused a sighting of birds for climbers, as occurred with Eric Shipton in 1933.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
This speculation also involves theories concerning whether Mallory and Irvine could have managed to climb the Second Step. Òscar Cadiach was the first to climb it in 1985 free and rated it V+. Conrad Anker led an experiment to free climb this section without using the "Chinese ladder" for assistance, since that equipment was not installed in 1924. In 1999, he did not manage a complete free climb as he put one foot briefly on the ladder when it blocked the only available foothold.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
At that time he rated the difficulty of the Second Step as 5.10—well outside of Mallory's capability. In June 2007, Anker returned as a member of the Altitude Everest Expedition 2007, and with Leo Houlding successfully free-climbed the Second Step, after removing the "Chinese ladder" (which was later replaced). Houlding rated the climb at 5.9, just within Mallory's estimated capabilities. Theo Fritsche climbed the step free solo on-sight in 2001 and rated it V+.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
An argument against the possible summit claim is the long distance from high camp VI to the summit. It is normally not possible to reach the summit before dark after starting in daylight. It was not until 1990 that Ed Viesturs was able to reach the top from an equivalent distance as Mallory and Irvine planned. In addition, Viesturs knew the route, while for Mallory and Irvine it was completely unknown territory. Finally, Irvine was not an experienced climber and it is considered unlikely that Mallory had put his friend into such danger or would have aimed for the summit without calculating the risks.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
How and where exactly the two climbers lost their lives is still unknown, though Mallory's body was found in 1999.


1924 British Mount Everest expedition, First ascent speculation
Modern climbers who take a very similar route start their summit bid from high camp at 8,300 m (27,230 ft) around midnight to avoid the risk of a second night on the descent or a highly risky bivouac without the protection of a tent. They also use headlamps during the dark, a technology which was not used by the early British climbers.


1924 Brooklyn Robins season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Niceguyedc (talk | contribs) at 11:43, 17 July 2021 (v2.04 - disambiguate Fred Johnston). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1924 Brooklyn Robins season
The 1924 Brooklyn Robins put up a good fight with the rival New York Giants before falling just short of the pennant. Staff ace Dazzy Vance led the league in wins, ERA, strikeouts and complete games to be named the National League Most Valuable Player.


1924 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Brown Bears football team
The 1924 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1924 college football season.


1924 Brownlow Medal
The 1924 Brownlow Medal was the inaugural year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Edward 'Carji' Greeves of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling seven votes during the 1924 VFL season.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Voting system
The voting system used in the 1924 Brownlow Medal was as follows:


1924 Brownlow Medal, Voting system, Ineligibility
A player would be deemed ineligible for the award if the player was reported in any match (including finals), found guilty and suspended.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Votes, Leading vote-getters
The following list shows the leading vote-getters for the 1924 Brownlow Medal. Edward 'Carji' Greeves was the winner, with George Shorten and Bert Chadwick runners-up.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Votes, Leading vote-getters
Greeves' outstanding season is further outlined by the fact that he is one of the youngest players to win the award, aged just 20 years 312 days at the time.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Votes, Leading vote-getters
Greeves' seven best on grounds in just fourteen games played is another amazing statistic. With vote inflation included (where 1 vote in 1924 equals 3 votes), Greeves is one of the most consistent vote-getters of all time with an average of 0.81 votes per game throughout his 10-season career.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Votes, Team totals
The following list shows the teams whose players polled the most votes. Geelong topped the list with 11 votes, 7 of them made up by 'Carji' Greeves.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Votes, Team totals
The team that polled the most votes, Geelong, missed the 1924 VFL finals by two games, finishing 5th.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Votes, Leading vote-getters by team
The following list shows the players who topped their team for the most votes polled.


1924 Brownlow Medal, Presentation
The Brownlow Medal was presented to the player at League Headquarters, without the fanfare, glitz and glamour of the award today.


1924 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1924 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In its first season under head coach Charley Moran, the team compiled an 8–2 record.


1924 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at the newly-constructed Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1924 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season
The 1924 Buffalo Bisons season was their fifth in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 5–4–3, losing five games. They finished ninth in the league.


1924 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1924 Bulgarian State Football Championship
The 1924 Bulgarian State Football Championship was the first edition of the Bulgarian State Football Championship. It was contested by 6 teams. The championship was not finished and there wasn't any winner.


1924 Bulgarian State Football Championship
At the semi-finals, in match between Vladislav Varna and Levski Sofia was not judged to be played extra time due to insufficient light to continue the game. Vladislav refuse to replay the game on the next day in Sofia, and leave for Varna, demanding the replay to be staged there.


1924 Bulgarian State Football Championship
The BulgarianNational Sports Federation (BNSF) at first sets a new date for the replay, which is again to take place in Sofia, then give in and allow for the game to be played in Varna, but only if Vladislav and the North-Bulgarian sport federation cover the losses for the Sofia replay that didn't take place. At the end BNSF and Vladislav did not reach final agreement and the championship was abandoned.


1924 Bulgarian State Football Championship, Teams
The teams that participated in the competition were the six winners of their local sport federations.


1924 Burnley by-election
The Burnley by-election of 1924 was held on 28 February 1924. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Dan Irving. It was won by the Labour candidate Arthur Henderson who had led the party. Henderson had lost his Newcastle East seat at last year's general election, but had been appointed Home Secretary in the Labour Government which had taken office in January.


1924 CCNY Lavender football team
The 1924 CCNY Lavender football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their first season under Harold J. Parker, the Lavender team compiled a 4–3 record.


1924 Cal Aggies football team
The 1924 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1924 college football season. The team was known as the Cal Aggies or California Aggies. They competed as an independent for the last time in 1924. They would become a charter member of the new Far Western Conference (FWC) in 1925.


1924 Cal Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by second-year head coach William L. "Billy" Driver. They played home games in Davis, California. The Aggies finished with a record of five wins, four losses and one tie (5–4–1) and outscored their opponents 124–104 for the 1924 season.


1924 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1924 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic School during the 1924 college football season.


1924 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
Cal Poly was a two-year school until 1941, and competed in the California Coast Conference (CCC). The team was led by fourth-year head coach Al Agosti and played home games in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of one win and five losses (1–5, 0–3 CCC). Overall, the Mustangs were outscored by their opponents 19–193 for the season. This included being shut out by the Stanford Freshman team, 0–97.


1924 Calgary municipal election
The 1924 Calgary municipal election was held on December 10, 1924 to elect six aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council.


1924 Calgary municipal election
Calgary City Council had twelve at-large aldermen on city council, but six of the positions were already filled: Andrew Davison, Thomas Alexander Hornibrook, Walter Little, William Henry Ross, Samuel Stanley Savage, and Robert Cadogan Thomas, were all elected to two-year terms in 1923 and were still in office. Mayor George Harry Webster had previously been elected to a two-year term in the 1923 election.


1924 Calgary municipal election
The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for Alderman being two years.


1924 California Golden Bears football team
The 1924 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1924 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Andy Smith, the team compiled an 8–0–2 record (2–0–2 against PCC opponents), finished in second place in the PCC, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 162 to 51.


1924 Campeonato Carioca
In the 1924 season of the Campeonato Carioca, two championships were disputed, each by a different league.


1924 Campeonato Carioca, AMEA Championship
After Vasco da Gama's title in 1923, the larger clubs within LMDT attempted to pressure Vasco da Gama to exclude twelve black players from their team, accusing them of being professionals. When Vasco refused and LMDT took Vasco's side, these clubs split from the league and founded AMEA (Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association); Most of the clubs that had been participating in the Série A joined the league, with the addition of SC Brasil, from Série B, and the recently-promoted Hellênico. The league at the time also had CBD's official backing.


1924 Campeonato Carioca, AMEA Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by AMEA kicked off on May 4, 1924 and ended on October 19, 1924. Eight teams participated, Fluminense won the championship for the 9th time. no teams were relegated.


1924 Campeonato Carioca, AMEA Championship, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1924 Campeonato Carioca, LMDT Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by LMDT (Liga Metropolitana de Desportos Terrestres, or Metropolitan Land Sports League) kicked off on May 25, 1924 and ended on November 30, 1924. Twenty-three teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the championship for the 2nd time. no teams were relegated.


1924 Campeonato de Portugal Final
The 1924 Campeonato de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1923–24 Campeonato de Portugal, the 3rd season of the Portuguese football cup, organised by the Portuguese Football Union.


1924 Campeonato de Portugal Final
The match took place on Sunday, 8 June 1924, at the Estádio do Campo Grande in Lisbon, between Algarve side Olhanense and Porto side FC Porto. Olhanense won the match 4–2, with goals from Graça, Tamanqueiro, Gralho and Belo. In doing so, Olhanense conquered their 1st title in the competition.


1924 Campeonato de Portugal Final
The President of Portugal, Manuel Teixeira Gomes attended the game, starting a tradition in Portugal.


1924 Campeonato de Portugal Final, Road to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral).


1924 Carmarthen by-election
The  Carmarthen by-election, 1924 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen in West Wales held on 14 August 1924.


1924 Carmarthen by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Ellis Ellis-Griffith. Ellis-Griffith was 64 years old and had first been elected an MP in 1895. Soon after being elected for Carmarthen at the 1923 general election he made it known to his local party that he would not be standing again at the next election. He had been in public life a long time and was one Liberal who had not supported the decision of the party to allow the minority Labour government to take office in January 1924. According to one source, local Liberal opinion in July 1924 favoured an immediate appeal to the electorate and Ellis-Griffith resigned from Parliament using the traditional device of applying for the Chiltern Hundreds at the end of that month.


1924 Carmarthen by-election, Campaign
The main local issue in the by-election was the importance of agriculture, given the largely rural nature of the constituency. However an interesting question was how far would the fact that Sir Alfred Stephens and the Reverend Owen were both Welsh speakers, whereas Mond was not, affect the attitude of the electors and how far, if at all, this matter would resonate with Welsh national feeling in the area. On UK wide issues, the main battleground was the fight between socialist and anti-socialist feeling. Mond took up the anti-socialist crusade with vigour and had Lloyd George come to Carmarthen to support him on this, against the background of the record and statements of the Labour government and Labour ministers.


1924 Carmarthen by-election, Result
The result was a hold for the Liberal Party with Mond obtaining a slightly increased majority of 4,409 votes, although their share of the poll was marginally reduced. This time it was Labour that secured second place, with Stephens coming third.


1924 Carmarthen by-election, Result
This must have been a disappointment to the Conservatives who were said to have fought the election hard. Labour could probably take the most comfort from the result, given the difficult time the minority Labour government was experiencing at Westminster.


1924 Carmarthen by-election, Aftermath
At the next general election Owen faced a straight fight with Mond, the Conservatives having fled the field ceding to Mond (later to defect to the Conservatives) the anti-socialist banner.


1924 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1924 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team was an American football team that represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as Carnegie Mellon University) during the 1924 college football season. Led by tenth-year head coach Walter Steffen, Carnegie Tech compiled a record of 5–4.


1924 Centenary Gentlemen football team
The 1924 Centenary Gentlemen football team represented the Centenary College of Louisiana during the 1924 college football season. Players included Cal Hubbard and Swede Anderson. The team posted an 8–1 record, including an upset win over Frank Cavanaugh's Boston College team.


1924 Central Michigan Normalites football team
The 1924 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their first season under head coach Lester Barnard, the Central Michigan football team compiled a 7–1 record, shut out six of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 158 to 19. The team's sole loss was to Albion by a 13–12 score.


1924 Centre Praying Colonels football team
The 1924 Centre Praying Colonels football team represented Centre College in the 1924 college football season. The Praying Colonels scored 119 points while allowing 20 points and finished 5–1–1, giving Alabama its only loss of the season; Alabama did not lose another game until 1927.


1924 Centre Praying Colonels football team
Quarterback Herb Covington was named to the 1924 College Football All-America Team.


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election
The fourth election to the Legislative Council of Ceylon was held in 1924.


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
In 1833 the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission created the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first step in representative government in British Ceylon. Initially the Legislative Council consisted of 16 members: the British Governor, the five appointed members of the Executive Council of Ceylon, four other government officials and six appointed unofficial members (three Europeans, one Sinhalese, one Tamil and one Burgher).


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
In 1889 the number of appointed unofficial members was increased to eight (three Europeans, one Low Country Sinhalese, one Kandyan Sinhalese, one Tamil, one Muslim and one Burgher).


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
The Legislative Council was reformed in 1910 by the McCallum Reforms. Membership was increased to 21 of which 11 were officially appointed and 10 were unofficial (two elected Europeans, one elected Burgher, one elected educated Ceylonese, two appointed Low Country Sinhalese, two appointed Tamils, one appointed Kandyan Sinhalese and one appointed Muslim). Less than 3,000 Ceylonese were eligible to vote for the four elected unofficial members.


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
Further reforms were enacted in 1920 by the First Manning Reforms. Membership was increased to 37 of which 14 were officially appointed and 23 were unofficial (11 elected on a territorial basis, five elected Europeans, two elected Burghers, one elected to represent the Chamber of Commerce, two appointed Kandyan Sinhalese, one appointed Muslim and one appointed Indian Tamil.


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
The Second Manning Reforms of 1923 increased membership to 49 of which 12 were officially appointed and 37 were unofficial (23 elected on a territorial basis, three elected Europeans, two elected Burghers, one elected Ceylon Tamil for the Western Province, three elected Muslims, two elected Indian Tamils and three other appointees).


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
The old Legislative Council was dissolved in August 1924 and elections held. Less than 205,000 Ceylonese (4%) were eligible to vote for the 34 elected unofficial members. The new Legislative Council was constituted on 15 October 1924.


1924 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Elected unofficial members
The following were some of the elected unofficial members, by constituency:


1924 Championship of Victoria
The 1924 match for Dame Nellie Melba's Appeal for Limbless Soldiers, informally known as the 1924 Championship of Victoria, was an Australian rules football exhibition match played on 4 October 1924 between the Essendon Football Club and the Footscray Football Club – who were that season's premiers of the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Victorian Football Association (VFA), respectively. Footscray recorded an upset victory against Essendon by 28 points, giving the VFA one of its most significant victories, on-field or off-field, against its stronger-rival competition. The match raised £2,800 (A$233,800 in 2020 terms) for the fund.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Background
In 1897, eight of the strongest clubs in Victoria broke away from the Victorian Football Association to form the Victorian Football League. Since that time, the two competitions had been strong off-field rivals, with the VFL assuming the position as the strongest competition in the state, and generally doing little to assist the VFA. The VFA had often tried to arrange matches against the VFL, particularly a championship playoff match between the two premiers, in an attempt to lift its own prestige and gate takings, but such offers were almost always rejected by the league. By 1924, a total of only two matches between the VFL and VFA had taken place, excluding pre-season practice matches. These were:


1924 Championship of Victoria, Background
In 1924, it was proposed to stage a match between the VFL and VFA for the benefit of the Limbless Soldiers' Appeal, organised by Dame Nellie Melba.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Background
It was decided that the match should be a playoff between the premiers of each competition, the first time such a match had ever been staged; on the historical significance of the match, future Hall of Fame sportswriter Reginald Wilmot commented "Nothing but the appeal of Dame Nellie Melba, on behalf of the limbless soldiers, could have induced the League to agree to a game which they have strenuously opposed for nearly 30 years."


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
Arrangements for the match began to be drawn up in late September. Essendon was in a position to claim the VFL premiership with a win or narrow loss on 27 September, but a heavy loss would require a Grand Final to have been played on 4 October. Footscray had claimed the VFA premiership on 20 September, and was available to play on either 27 September or 4 October, but had already scheduled a tour of Gippsland which precluded playing the match on 11 October.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
As such, for the game to be played at all, Essendon would need to win the premiership without a Grand Final – which it did with a 20-point loss to Richmond on 27 September. The benefit match was then scheduled for 4 October. Richmond made itself available to replace Footscray, should the VFL and VFA have been unable to reach mutually satisfactory arrangements for the game.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
The Australian Football Council, of which the VFL was a member and the VFA was not, gave its consent for the match to be played, but stipulated that the game must be played on a VFL ground, and under VFL rules. At the time, the VFA and VFL played under mostly the same rules, including each fielding eighteen players per side, with only a few technical differences, so Footscray was not put at any significant disadvantage as a result of this.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
The two competitions were permitted by the AFC to compromise on the appointment of umpires, so VFA umpire Leheny officiated in the first and third quarters, and VFL umpire McMurray officiated in the second and final quarters. The supplier of football also alternated through the match between Sherrin (VFL) and Don (VFA).


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
The Melbourne Cricket Club made the Melbourne Cricket Ground available free of charge for the match, and the umpires also donated their time to the cause. Admission cost 1/- to the outer, and 2/6 to the grandstand. Playing in a VFL venue, Essendon was the home team, and wore black knicks.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
The League was considered the top level of football in the state, and was considered to be a class above the Association in quality; as such, it was generally thought that Essendon would easily defeat Footscray. Footscray, which had dominated the VFA by winning the previous five minor premierships, had recruited heavily from the League over the previous few years, and fielded a total of nine former senior VFL players for the game – including five who had played with Essendon – and considered itself a strong chance to cause an upset. Both teams were at near full strength for the match; Footscray's eighteen was unchanged from its premiership winning team, and Essendon was permitted to field its captain-coach Syd Barker, Sr., because a suspension he was still serving was valid only in premiership matches, which this game was not.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Arrangements
The match was promoted as the 'Championship of Victoria', although it had no official status as such.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Match
The match was played in front of a crowd of 46,100, on par with a typical VFL finals or Grand Final crowd in the early 1920s. The majority were supporting Footscray, with many fans of many other VFA clubs supporting Footscray as a means of supporting the VFA against the VFL. At the time, it was the highest crowd an Association club had ever played to, exceeding the then-record Association crowd of 41,000 which saw the 1908 Grand Final. The match raised more than £2,800 for the appeal. In the curtain raiser, VFL wooden spooners St Kilda 19.16 (130) defeated NSWAFA runners-up Newtown 8.11 (59) by 71 points.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Match
Essendon won the toss and kicked to the Punt Road end of the ground in the first quarter. Essendon started well, with Tommy Jenkins kicking the first goal inside the first minute of play, and kicking another shortly afterwards. Thereafter, Footscray did most of the attacking for the quarter, but finished with only two goals, and were repeatedly repelled by the Essendon defenders, particularly Watt, Fitzmaurice, Donaldson and Maher. Essendon kicked a late goal to lead by four points at quarter time.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Match
Play in the second quarter was similar, with Footscray doing most of the attacking and Essendon mostly keeping them out; Mullens (Footscray) kicked the only goal of the quarter, but two late behinds allowed Essendon to take a one-point lead into half time. Roy Laing (Essendon) was off the ground with a leg injury for much of the second quarter, eventually finishing the game in the forward line, but was too injured to have any impact.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Match
After half time, Footscray began to assert its dominance, particularly by handball. Footscray scored two goals in the third quarter – Punch early in the quarter and O'Brien near the end – to take a two-goal lead into three-quarter time. Both teams attacked early in the final quarter, Footscray managing three goals, but Essendon managing only four behinds, to put the result beyond doubt. At this stage, Footscray had kicked eight of the last nine goals in the game, and Essendon had kicked 0.11 (11) since quarter time. Both teams managed a late goal, and Footscray won the game by 28 points.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Match
Overall, despite the match being close for three quarters, Footscray was the better team in all aspects of the game throughout the match – to an extent which surprised many onlookers who expected Essendon to win comfortably. In particular, Footscray was able to move the ball with the extensive use of handpassing – their technique was close to a throw, and was considered borderline illegal by reporters at the time, but was allowed by both umpires. Essendon's defence played admirably, but many of its midfielders and forwards were ineffective on the day.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Aftermath
The victorious Footscray Football Club was admitted to the VFL, along with VFA clubs North Melbourne and Hawthorn, prior to the following season. The VFL's decision was not based entirely on on-field merit, with strategic drivers and off-field strength also taken into consideration, so whether or not Footscray's win in this match had any direct bearing on its admission is a matter which divides football historians.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Aftermath
Nevertheless, Footscray had been unsuccessfully applying to join the VFL for many years, and believed the exposure which came with playing this game, even without the prestige which ultimately came with winning the game, would be helpful to its ultimate goal of gaining admission. Some VFA delegates believed that Footscray's win, by affirming the VFA's strength, was the prime motivation for the VFL to admit three clubs in 1925 rather than one – to maximise the damage to the VFA and to assert its own superiority.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Aftermath
In an interview with the Sporting Globe newspaper in 1935, Essendon defender Tom Fitzmaurice made allegations that some of his teammates had taken bribes to play stiff during the game, fixing the result in Footscray's favour, and told the newspaper that his disgust at this conduct had prompted him to leave the Essendon Football Club after the season; rover Charlie Hardy made the same allegations of match-fixing to the newspaper the following week, alleging that he believed Essendon's last finals match against Richmond the previous week had also been fixed.


1924 Championship of Victoria, Aftermath
Their allegations were vague, as neither man was himself offered any bribe, nor gave the names of any players they believed to have been bribed — although some of Hardy's allegations were understood to have referred to captain-coach Syd Barker, Sr., who had died in 1930, precluding any response to the claims. Neither the League nor the Association ever investigated or proved Fitzmaurice's and Hardy's allegations, so the veracity of their claims is unknown.


1924 Chatham Cup
The 1924 Chatham Cup was the second annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1924 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with the numerous local associations being grouped in with the four major regional associations (Auckland, Wellington, Canterbury, and Otago) in qualifying, with each of these four regions being represented in semi-finals by one team, followed by northern and southern semi-finals and a national final. Ten teams from the Wellington region took part, and it is known that Seacliff were the only Otago entrants (North Otago, the home of Oamaru Rangers, being counted as a separate region).


1924 Chatham Cup
The Auckland representative for the competition was not chosen via a knock-out competition. This raised concerns in some quarters that the rules of the competition were not being adhered to.


1924 Chatham Cup, The 1924 final
The final was played in sodden conditions at Wellington. Seacliff took an early lead through W. Simmons, holding on to it until half-time. Harbour Board's Bill Palmer equalised with a header in the second half, and H.M. Margison scored two further goals, one in each half of extra time. The trophy was awarded to the winning team by Wellington Mayor Robert Wright. The losing semi-finalists contested a Charity Cup during the same weekend at the same venue, the match finishing in a 2–2 draw.


1924 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1924 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1924 college football season. In their third year under head coach Bill McAllester, the team compiled a 1–7–1 record.


1924 Chicago Bears season
The 1924 Chicago Bears season was their fifth regular season completed in the National Football League. The team was unable to improve on their 9–2–2 record from 1923 and finished with an 8–3–4 record under head coach George Halas earning them a second-place finish in the team standings, the fourth time in the last five years. The Bears started slow with 2 ties and a loss, but quickly gained their stride, winning 6 of their last 8 games with two ties.


1924 Chicago Bears season
The Bears' only loss of the year was to the Cleveland Bulldogs, the eventual champions (the NFL officially considers the 1924 Bulldogs a different team than the Canton team from the previous year – however, all the players were the same). Despite coming in second, the Bears did defeat the cross-town rival Cardinals twice, both shutouts, and their future classic rival, the Green Bay Packers, once in a 3–0 shutout. The Sternaman brothers again carried the team, with Joe Sternaman having his best season. The younger Sternaman scored 6 touchdowns, threw for another, had 9 field goals, and 12 PATs, finishing with 75 of the Bears' 136 points.


1924 Chicago Bears season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1924 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1924 Chicago Cardinals season was their fifth in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 8–4, winning only five games. They finished eighth in the league.


1924 Chicago Cardinals season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1924 Chicago Cubs season
The 1924 Chicago Cubs season was the 53rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 49th in the National League and the 9th at Wrigley Field (then known as "Cubs Park"). The Cubs finished fifth in the National League with a record of 81–72.


1924 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1924 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1924 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 33rd season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 4–1–3 record, won the Big Ten Conference championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 88 to 40.


1924 Chicago Maroons football team
Notable players on the 1924 Chicago team included guard Joe Pondelik and tackle Frank Gowdy. Pondelik was a consensus first-team All-American in 1924. Gowdy was selected as a first-team All-American by several selectors, including Football World, Liberty magazine, and All-Sports Magazine.


1924 Chicago White Sox season
The 1924 Chicago White Sox season was a season in major league baseball. Despite the best efforts of player-manager Eddie Collins, the White Sox finished last in the American League for the first time.


1924 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1924 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State Teachers College during the 1924 college football season. Chico State competed in the California Coast Conference (CCC) in 1924. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.


1924 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1924 Wildcats were led by second-year head coach Art Acker. Chico State finished the regular season as champion of the Northern section of the CCC, with a record of six wins and two losses (6–2, 2–0 CCC North). They played the champion of the South, Fresno State, in the Conference Championship Game on December 6. The Wildcats won the game 16–0 to win the conference championship. That brought their final record to seven wins and two losses (7–2, 2–0 CCC North). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 155–35 for the season, including six shutout victories.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections
The 1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections were elections held in 1924 to select municipal officers in Cicero, Illinois. The elections were notable for the gang-related violence which took place.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Background
The 1924 Cicero municipal elections were of special interest to the Chicago Outfit, as they sought to protect their base of operations both from reformist politicians and from rival gangs.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Background
Incumbent Republican mayor Joseph Z. Klenha and his administration were corrupt, and, before 1924, had run Cicero with little political opposition. Klenha had a bipartisan machine that had run Cicero for three consecutive terms. However, in 1924, the Democratic Party decided it would mount a serious challenge to Klenha in Cicero and run its own slate of candidates.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Background
In 1923 Chicago elected reformist William Emmett Dever as mayor. This led mobsters Johnny Torrio and Al Capone to move the Chicago Outfit's base outside of Chicago's city limits and into the suburban city of Cicero. The gang solidified their power over the suburb's political structure by ousting Republican political boss Eddie Vogel from power.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Background
The Chicago Outfit controlled the rum-running operation supplying Cicero's saloons. Rival gangs, seeking to usurp the Chicago Outfit's local Cicero monopoly, aligned themselves with the Democrats.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
The Chicago Tribune declared that the elections were, "marked by shootings, stabbings, kidnappings, and other outlawry unsurpassed in any previous Cook County political contest."


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
The Chicago Outfit obliged to a request from Klenha for assistance in securing his reelection. In return for securing his reelection, they would be granted an effective immunity from the law in Cicero.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
Al Capone brought in more than 200 men from his gang and its allies. He also brought in his own brothers Frank Capone and Ralph Capone, and his cousin Charles Fischetti.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
On March 31, the eve of the election, the first person struck was Democratic nominee for town clerk William K. Pflaum, whose campaign offices were ransacked. Pflaum had his face beaten and his wife was thrown against a wall.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
To protect the Chicago Outfit's political control of Cicero, the Chicago Outfit unleashed a wave of terror on Cicero on the day of the April 1 election. They sent South Side gang members to the polling booths with submachine guns and sawed-off shotguns to make sure that local residents "voted right". Uncooperative voters were assaulted and blocked from voting. Cooperative voters were allowed by them to illegally cast multiple ballots.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
Frank Capone led an attack on an opponent's campaign headquarters, ransacking his office and assaulting several campaign workers.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
An election official named Joseph Price was beaten, then held gagged and bound.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
Rudolph Hurt, the Democratic challenger for mayor, saw his campaign headquarters shot-up.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
The Democratic challenger for City Clerk was pistol-whipped in front of his wife, his children, and many supporters.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
Polling places were raided and ballots were forcibly ripped from the hands of voters by thugs.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
Campaigners for both parties were beaten by roaming groups of "sluggers" in the streets. A Democratic worker named Stanley Stenkievitch was kidnapped, blindfolded, and brought to a Chicago basement where he was held as a captive until after the Cicero polls closed. Up to twenty men were similarly kidnapped, driven to a basement of a plumbing store in Chicago and chained to pipes and posts. One Democratic campaign worker name Michael Gavin was shot in both legs and detained with eight other Democratic campaign workers in the basement of a mob-owned hotel in Chicago, only to be released when Election Day was over.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
By the afternoon, election officials had sent out requests for help bringing order to Cicero. A Cook County judge named Edmund K. Jarecki deputized seventy Chicago police officers, five squads from the detective's bureau, and nine squads of motorized police to bring order to Cicero.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Violence and gang activity on the day of the primary
At one point Frank Capone, Al Capone, Dave Hedlin, and Charles Fischetti were spotted by a squad car carrying uniformed police and detectives who leapt out of their car with their firearms drawn. Frank Capone began firing at them, and in the ensuing gunfight they shot and killed Frank Capone in the street. Hedlin was wounded, Fischetti fled and later surrendered, while Al Capone escaped.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Mayoral election
Incumbent mayor Klenha was the Chicago Outfit's favored candidate. Klenha was challenged by Democrat Rudolph Hurt. Klenha won reelection.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Aftermath
The Chicago Outfit succeeded in securing a favorable result in the municipal elections. Cicero would remain under their control and remained their headquarters until after Al Capone was sent to prison in 1931 for tax evasion.


1924 Cicero, Illinois municipal elections, Aftermath
Klenha's Republican machine remained in power until the 1932 Cicero municipal elections, in which they were eviscerated by what the Chicago Tribune dubbed, "an outpouring of Democratic votes such as had never been approached in the town before."


1924 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1924 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Buckeye Athletic Association during the 1924 college football season. In their third season under head coach George McLaren, the Bearcats compiled a 2–6–1 record (1–4 against conference opponents). Tony McAndrews was the team captain. The team played its home games at Nippert Stadium in Cincinnati.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1924 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the National League with a record of 83–70, 10 games behind the New York Giants.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
Following a second consecutive second-place finish in the National League during the 1923 season, the Reds had a quiet off-season, making only one notable transaction.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
On December 11, 1923, the club purchased the contract of pitcher Carl Mays from the New York Yankees. Mays, the former ace of the Yankees, was coming off a poor season in 1923, earning a 5–2 record with a 6.20 ERA in 81.1 innings pitched, making only seven starts out of his 23 appearances. Mays had previously pitched for the Boston Red Sox from 1915 to 1919, helping them win the World Series twice, in 1915 and 1918. His best season in Boston was in 1917, where he posted a 22–7 record with a 1.74 ERA in 35 games. He played for the Yankees from 1919 to 1923, appearing in two World Series with the club in 1921 and 1922. Mays best season in New York was in 1921, as he led the American League with 27 wins and 336.2 innings pitched.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
Manager Pat Moran became ill during the off-season, and was unable to resume being the Reds manager. Moran's medical condition worsened throughout the off-season, and he was unable to join the team in Spring Training. Moran eventually died from Bright's Disease on March 7, 1924. Replacing Moran as manager was Jack Hendricks, who had previously been the manager of the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1918 season, leading them to a record of 51–78 during his only season managing the club.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The Reds began the season with a very solid 15–7 record in their first 22 games, leading the National League by 1.5 games over the second place New York Giants. The Reds early success would not last though, as the team struggled to a 3–11 mark over the next couple of weeks, falling to a record of 18–18, and into third place, 3.5 games behind the first place Giants.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On May 30, the Reds traded outfielder George Harper to the Philadelphia Phillies for outfielder Curt Walker. Walker, who was five years younger than Harper at 27 years old, had a solid career with the Phillies, with his best season in 1922, as he batted .337 with 12 home runs and 89 RBI. To start the 1924 with the Phillies, Walker batted .296 with a home run and 8 RBI in 24 games.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The club continued to struggle, and hit to a season low five games under .500 on June 26, following a 2–1 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals, dropping their record to 29–34 and in fifth place, 12.5 games behind the Giants. The team did rebound, and eventually climbed back over the .500 level, however, they continued to sit in fifth place. In the second game of a double header on July 8, Reds pitcher Eppa Rixey pitched a 16 inning complete game in a 2–1 win over the Philadelphia Phillies.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
In September, the Reds would move into fourth place, and would finish the season with a record of 83–70, 10.5 games behind the pennant winning New York Giants. This marked the seventh time in the past eight seasons that the Reds finished with a winning record.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Outfielder Edd Roush led the way offensively, as he led the club with a .348 batting average, and led the National League with 21 triples. Roush finished in 10th place in National League MVP voting. Rookie second baseman Hughie Critz had a very solid season, batting .322 with three home runs and 35 RBI in 102 games. Outfielder Curt Walker batted .300 with four home runs and 46 RBI following his mid-season trade from the Philadelphia Phillies. Rube Bressler, who split time between the outfield and first base, batted .347 with four home runs and 45 RBI in 115 games.


1924 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Carl Mays emerged as the ace of the Reds pitching staff in 1924, as in his first season with the club, he earned a record of 20–9 with a 3.15 ERA in 226 innings pitched. Eppa Rixey posted a 16–15 record with a 2.76 ERA in 238.1 innings pitched, while Pete Donohue had another solid season, going 16–9 with a 3.60 ERA in 222.1 innings pitched. Dolf Luque struggled to a 10–15 record with a 3.16 ERA, however, he did lead the staff with 86 strikeouts.


1924 City of London by-election
The City of London by-election, 1924 was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 February 1924 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.


1924 City of London by-election
The seat had become vacant on the elevation to the peerage of one of the constituency's two Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs), Sir Frederick Banbury, as Baron Banbury of Southam.


1924 City of London by-election
Banbury had held the seat since a 1906 by-election, following his defeat at Peckham in the 1906 general election. He had represented Peckham since 1892.