1918 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries
On October 26, 1918, Northwestern and Great Lakes Navy played to a scoreless tie before a crowd of 15,000. The game was played in mud that was ankle deep. The 1918 Great Lakes Navy team compiled a 3–0–1 record against Big Ten opponents, went on to win the 1919 Rose Bowl, and featured three players (George Halas, Jimmy Conzelman, and Paddy Driscoll) who were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Charlie Bachman, who was hired as Northwestern's coach after the season and was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, also played for the 1918 Great Lakes team.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries
On November 2, 1918, Northwestern's S.A.T.C. team lost, 25–0, to |Chicago Naval Reserve a team from the United States Naval Reserve School at Chicago's Municipal Pier. The game was played at Evanston Field.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries
On November 9, 1918, Northwestern defeated Knox, 47–7. Knox scored on its first drive with a pass covering more than 90 yards. Northwestern then scored seven touchdowns.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries
On November 16, 1918, Northwestern defeated Chicago, 21–6, in the rain, fog, and mud before a crowd of 8,000 at Evanston Field.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries
On November 23, 1918, Iowa defeated Northwestern, 23–7, in Iowa City.


1918 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1918 Norwegian Football Cup was the 17th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF. Kvik (Fredrikshald) won their first title by beating Brann in the final. This was second consecutive year that Brann lost the final.


1918 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 21 October 1918, with a second round between 4 and 11 November. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 51 of the 123 seats in the Storting. Despite receiving the most votes, the Labour Party won just 18 seats, a loss of one seat compared with the 1915 elections.


1918 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results
The other candidates included Women's electors from Oslo and priest Alfred Eiken.


1918 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1918 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1918 college football season.


1918 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
At age thirty, Knute Rockne made his head coaching debut on September 28 against Case (now Case Western Reserve) in Cleveland, Ohio. This team included George Gipp, Hunk Anderson, and Curly Lambeau, founder and head coach of the NFL's Green Bay Packers.


1918 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The schedule was curtailed from its usual 9 games to 6 due to the outbreak of the worldwide influenza epidemic. Therefore, no games were played during the month of October.


1918 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
"On Oct. 11, Dr. Emil G. Freyermuth, the South Bend city health officer, issued an order forbidding all public gatherings until further notice. All schools, theaters, clubs, churches and other religious institutions were closed. Public funerals, meetings, dances and other events were canceled. The University of Notre Dame football team — led by coach Knute Rockne and including star player George Gipp — canceled several football games that month."


1918 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team
The 1918 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team represented Oglethorpe University in American football during the 1918 college football season. The addition of a Student's Army Training Corps detachment at Oglethorpe increased enrolment significantly. This allowed Oglethorpe to field a larger team of consistently 30 boys. Oglethorpe's first large game against another college that was widely viewed by the public was played against The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, although Oglethorpe did play Auburn University earlier that season. Despite being beaten, the Oglethorpe squad held Auburn for 8 consecutive downs in the last few minutes of the game. Oglethorpe's rematch against the  Non-Coms. of Camp Gordon was much closer than the defeat earlier in the season, which Oglethorpe claims to have lost due to the unfairness of the officials. Oglethorpe won the game with a safety in the last few minutes.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University in the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth year under head coach John Wilce, the Buckeyes compiled a 3–3 record (0–3 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a combined total of 134 to 41.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
End Clarence A. MacDonald received first-team honors on the 1918 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
With the country involved in World War I, many of the top football players did not play due to military service. Players serving in the military included Chic Harley and Gaylord Stinchcomb of Ohio State.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
In response to the Spanish flu pandemic, the football schedule was modified. The matchup with Northwestern was canceled while the game against Michigan was moved to the last game in November.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries
On October 5, 1918, Ohio State defeated Ohio Wesleyan, 41–0, in Columbus, Ohio.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries
On October 12, 1918, Ohio State defeated Denison, 34–0, in Columbus, Ohio. With Chic Harley serving in the military, halfback Thomas Davies was the star for the Buckeyes.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries
On November 9, 1918, Ohio State defeated Case, 56–0, on a muddy field in Columbus, Ohio.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries
On November 16, 1918, Illinois defeated Ohio State, 13–0, on a muddy field in Champaign, Illinois. Kirkpatrick and Sabo scored touchdowns for Illinois.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries
On November 23, 1918, Wisconsin defeated Ohio State, 14-3, in Columbus, Ohio.


1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries
On November 30, 1918, Michigan defeated Ohio State, 14–0, in Columbus, Ohio. The game was played on a wet, muddy and slippery field that handicapped the offensive players. The teams played to a scoreless tie in a first half. Michigan's first touchdown was set up by a 73-yard punt from Frank Steketee that "stuck fast in the mud" at Ohio State's two- or three-yard line. Michigan's defense held, and Ohio State was forced to punt from his end zone. Angus Goetz blocked the punt and recovered it in the end zone for a touchdown. Later in the game, Steketee faked a run around the end and passed to Robert J. Dunne who was "camped near the uprights."


1918 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1918 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Democrat James M. Cox defeated Republican nominee Frank B. Willis in their third consecutive contest with 50.62% of the vote.


1918 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team
The 1918 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1918 college football season. This was the 18th year of football at A&M and the second under Earl A. Pritchard. The Aggies played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 4–2, 0–2 in the Southwest Conference.


1918 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1918 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1918 college football season. In their 14th year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled a 6–0 record (2–0 against conference opponents), and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 278 to 7.


1918 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
The 1918 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918, and was a race for the Governor of Oklahoma. Democrat James B. A. Robertson defeated Republican Horace G. McKeever. Also on the ballot was Patrick S. Nagle of the Socialist Party.


1918 Oklahoma gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
James B. A. Robertson, a former judge who had lost in the Democratic gubernatorial primary in 1914, defeated six other candidates to win the nomination, including future governor 'Alfalfa Bill' Murray.


1918 Oklahoma gubernatorial election, Republican primary
In a race where all five candidates achieved significant vote percentages, Horace G. McKeever came out on top.


1918 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1918 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1918 college football season. The season is the only with two Egg Bowl losses.


1918 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1918 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1918 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Hargiss, the Aggies compiled a 2–4 record (0–2 against PCC opponents), finished in last place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 46 to 33. The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon. Meier Newman was the team captain.


1918 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1918 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1918 college football season. In their first season under head coach Charles A. Huntington, the Webfoots compiled a 4–2 record (2–1 against PCC opponents), finished in second place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 81 to 35. The team played its home games at Kincaid Field in Eugene, Oregon.


1918 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 1918 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1918 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched incumbent Republican James Withycombe against Democratic State Senator Walter M. Pierce.


1918 Oregon gubernatorial election
Withycombe's reelection campaign capitalized on his wartime acts, portraying him as a wartime Governor actively protecting the state and aiding the defense of the United States. Withycombe died in office in March 1919, just two months into his second term. As prescribed by Oregon law, Oregon Secretary of State Ben Olcott succeeded Withycombe in office.


1918 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1918 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the 12th water polo championship in Hungary. There were two teams who played one match for the title.


1918 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1918 Palmerston by-election
The Palmerston by-election of 1918 was a by-election held in the Palmerston electorate during the 19th New Zealand Parliament, on 19 December 1918. The by-election was won by the sitting Mayor of Palmerston North, Jimmy Nash with a majority of 315.


1918 Palmerston by-election, Background
The contest was triggered by the death of incumbent MP David Buick of the Reform Party on 18 November 1918 during the influenza epidemic. Under the terms of the coalition agreement between Reform and the Liberal's a condition was made not to oppose each other in by-elections for deceased or retiring MP's from their own parties. However, both contested the seat after failing to agree on a joint National Government nominee.


1918 Panamanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Panama on 7 July 1918, electing both a new National Assembly.


1918 Panamanian parliamentary election
After an election held under American supervision, preliminary returns gave the opposition 20 seats in the Assembly to the government's 13. The way thus seemed clear for an opposition candidate to be selected as president, most likely Ricardo Arias Feraud.


1918 Panamanian parliamentary election
The government contested a number of decisions and requested that the American electoral commission decide the disputes. The final judgment was that the government had won a majority of the National Assembly.


1918 Panamanian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Panama on 16 September 1918.


1918 Panamanian presidential election
On 4 June 1918 the sudden death of President Ramón Maximiliano Valdés triggered a political earthquakeand Ciro Luis Urriola, the First Vice-President succeeded himElections for the National Assembly were due on 7 July, and the Assembly would choose the man to see out the remainder of Valdés’s term. The new administration probably feared that it would be unable to gain a majority in the National Assembly, and issued a decree postponing the municipal and the national elections. “The Washington government expressed doubt as to the constitutionality of the decree and, invoking Article 136 of the constitution, asked that it be withdrawn”.


1918 Panamanian presidential election
The opposition gained a majority in the National Assembly, but the government contested a number of decisions and requested that the American electoral commission decide the disputes. Toward the end of August the American chargé gave a partial report of the findings of the committee and urged the National Assembly to elect Ricardo Arias Feraud president. The final judgment was that the government had won a majority of the National Assembly. "With the State Department’s blessing, Belisario Porras Barahona became president of Panama for the second time".


1918 Panamanian presidential election
The First Vice-President Pedro Antonio Díaz de Obaldía assumed the presidency on 1 October and was succeeded by Belisario Porras Barahona, as soon as he returned from the United States, on 12 October.


1918 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1918 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 9 teams. The national champions were Cerro Porteño.


1918 Paris–Tours
The 1918 Paris–Tours was the 13th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 19 May 1918. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Charles Mantelet.


1918 Penn Quakers football team
The 1918 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1918 college football season.


1918 Penn Quakers football team, Season summary
The 1918 Penn football team was adversely affected by the Spanish flu sweeping through the city. Head coach Bob Folwell was hospitalized. Only 22 of his players were healthy enough to practice at one point in mid-October. Penn’s scheduled game against Georgia Tech was canceled. Penn postponed a scheduled game with the Navy Yard’s Marines football club. It was rescheduled for October 26 and played at an empty Franklin Field closed to fans to prevent the spread of the virus.


1918 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1918 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1918 college football season. The team was coached by Hugo Bezdek and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1918 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1918 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Republican  governor Martin Brumbaugh was not a candidate for re-election. Republican candidate William Sproul defeated Democratic candidate Eugene C. Bonniwell to become Governor of Pennsylvania.


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1918 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing eighth in the American League with a record of 52 wins and 76 losses.


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
In 1918, the A's Elephant Mascot turned up on the regular uniform jersey for the first time.


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Philadelphia Phillies season
The following lists the events of the 1918 Philadelphia Phillies season.


1918 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1918 college football season. In a season cut short by the Spanish flu pandemic, coach Pop Warner led the Panthers in a schedule played all in one month, including a convincing victory in a highly publicized game over defending national champion and unscored-upon Georgia Tech.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
A highly controversial loss ended the season and snapped a 32-game Pitt winning streak, but the Panthers outscored opponents 140–16 in that short season and were retroactively selected as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and Houlgate System and as a co-national champion with Michigan by the National Championship Foundation.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
"Although 1918 was a war year, and many problems threatened from time to time to put an end to college athletics., Pitt stuck manfully to the ship and 'Kept the Home Fires Burning'. With the exception of baseball, which was abolished due to lack of interest, hardly directly chargeable to war conditions, the other major sports—football, basketball and track—were kept going." "Football had a hard row to hoe in 1918." Only five games were actually played due to the war and pandemic sweeping the nation. "The usual training trip to 'Camp Hamilton,' Windber, Pa. was dispensed with."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
The one year residence rule was called off by all the big schools, which helped bolster their rosters since the army had depleted them. After numerous shifts were made to the schedule, due to the government imposed quarantine, only three of the original games scheduled were played -Washington & Jefferson, Penn and Penn State. Georgia Tech was played for the benefit of the War Charities, and was the highlight of the season. $25,000 was donated from the proceeds of the game. Pitt played a post season game against the Cleveland Naval Reserves and lost by one point. "It was a most unsatisfactory game in many ways and marred Pitt's record of straight victories started in 1915."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
In the May 1st issue of The Pitt Weekly Karl E. Davis, Graduate Manager of Athletics, informed the students and alumni of the plans for the 1918 football season. "THE UNIVERSITY WILL BE REPRESENTED BY A FOOTBALL TEAM THIS FALL, unless something entirely "unforeseen" happens between now and then. We will have Glenn Warner back with us; we will send the team to Windber for training September 15, and we have enough tried material in school to develop a good team...Football training is the greatest training imaginable for war... All other college sports at Pitt depend for their finances on the football receipts." At this time Mr. Davis had an eight game schedule booked. (see photo)


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
The following timetable shows the "unforeseen" headlines that led up to the 1918 football season at Pitt:


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
July 14 – Pitt Football Plans For Coming Season Are Now Complete – "First game October 5 against Carlisle."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
July 18 – Carlisle Indian School Permanently Abandoned - "The Carlisle (Pa.) Indian School has been permanently abandoned and turned over to the War Department...and its 700 students transferred to other Indian schools."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
September 8 – Great Lakes Naval Training Eleven Will Open Local Season at Forbes Field - "Their meeting with the (Great Lakes) Naval Training team takes the place of the game originally scheduled with the Carlisle Indians."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
September 9 – Authorities Await Word From Washington About The Future of Football - "There is danger of the game being abolished for the term of the war. As a consequence of these changes in the program, athletic authorities at Pitt have decided not to have training season at its famous camp. All male students, physically fit, over 18 years of age, will be under the control of the Students Army Training Corps and they will therefore be subject to military discipline. They will live in a barracks and draw the pay of a private.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
They will devote 42 hours to academic work and 13 to military each week. These 55 hours will take up all their time, and it remains to be seen whether the War Department will permit the commanding officer at the institution sanctioning football. What will apply to one college will apply to all."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
September 13 – War Department Advises Institutions Not to Make Plans For Coming Season - "There will be no Intercollegiate football this fall, judging from a Washington dispatch late yesterday afternoon, which stated that the War Department had advised colleges and universities with student army training corps 'not to make plans for football schedules this fall'."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
September 14 – Problem is Put Up to Commandants at Camps to Solve, Says War Dispatch –  "The War Department in Washington yesterday announced that football programs at colleges and universities with Army student training corps units would not be interrupted except where they would actually interfere with the military training. Indications are that Pitt, Tech, and W. & J. will surely play, as the commandants at these places are said to have expressed approval of the schedules being carried out."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
September 15 – Pitt Gridders Eager for First Game with Team From Great Lakes – "It is believed by Athletic Director Charles S. Miller and other members of the athletic committee that it will be possible to go through with all the games scheduled and still meet the requirements of Uncle Sam as to the scholastic and military drilling to be done by every man who is enrolled under the Students' Army Training Corps."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
September 28 – October Football is Banned – "Col. R. L. Reese of the army general staff, who is in supreme charge of the student army training corps, has announced that during the month of October  football players would not be allowed to leave the universities except on Saturday afternoon, and that only this period can be devoted to the gridiron sport, which means that it will  be impossible to play contests requiring out  of town travel. During the month of November the men playing football will be permitted to leave their universities on Friday evening, but must return Sunday night." The opening game against the Great Lakes Naval team could probably be played.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 1 – Over 3500 Men Inducted In S.A.T.C. – "I pledge allegiance to my flag and the Republic for which it stands; one nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all. At high noon on Tuesday more than 3500 young men took this oath of allegiance in unison and became members of the Students' Army Training Corps of the University of Pittsburgh. Simultaneously at 500 colleges and universities in all parts of the United States took that same pledge of loyalty and approximately 150,000 young men began the course which is expected to prepare them for commissions as officers."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 2 – All-Star Sailor Team to Arrive Here Friday: Interest is Widespread – "Word was received last night by Graduate manager of Athletics K. E. Davis of the University of Pittsburgh that the (Great Lakes) Jackies in charge of Lieut. Commander Kauffman and Coach Herman Olcott will arrive in this city on Friday for their game with the Panthers at Forbes Field on Saturday."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 2 – Shifts Made in Schedule – "Pitt authorities are still in the dark regarding the ruling by Col. Rees against October football trips. Meanwhile, Manager Davis has gone quietly  about the  rearrangement of his schedule.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
New Pitt Schedule = Oct. 5 – Great Lakes at home; Oct. 12 – West Virginia at home; Oct. 19 – Detroit Naval Training Station at home; Oct. 26 – Carnegie Tech at home; Nov. 2 – Lehigh University at South Bethlehem; Nov. 9 – University of Pennsylvania at home; Nov. 16 – Syracuse University at Syracuse, NY; Nov.23 – W. & J. at home; Nov. 28 – Penn State at home."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 3 – Players Eliminated by Federal Official's Order; But 37 of 60 Survive – "Coach Warner last night cut down his Pitt football squad from 60 to 37 men. This was done by government order. Harman and Graham are too young to be enrolled in the S.A.T.C., and can therefore be carried in addition to 35 others." Also, the graduate manager received the formal copy of football activities permissible during October from Col. Rees.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 5 – Pitt and Great Lakes Won't Play Because of the Influenza Epidemic – "The Pitt football team will have to wait until a later date, next Saturday perhaps with West Virginia, to open its 1918 football season, for the scheduled game with the Great Lakes team for this afternoon, was called off yesterday afternoon on account of the influenza epidemic throughout the state. Most of the Pitt players are in quarantine in their barracks.”


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 8 – Authorities Won't Permit Eleven to Come Here Next Saturday to Play Pitt – The Pitt-West Virginia football game scheduled to be played at Pittsburgh next Saturday was definitely cancelled today by receipt of a ruling from the Committee on Education to the effect that the West Virginia team must leave Morgantown not earlier than noon on Saturday and return before taps."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 10 – Panthers Will Not Go to Beaver Falls For Contest Next Saturday  – "A proposal to play a football game at Beaver falls next Saturday was received a few days ago by the University of Pittsburgh football authorities from the manager of the team at Geneva (College). The opinion of the army officers was that the game should not be played, and Manager Davis, therefore, called everything off, as he has been careful all along to abide by the spirit as well as the letter of every ruling made by Col. Wolf and his staff."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 13 – Plaid Authorities Decide Game as Collegiate Sport Unwise Now – "Carnegie Tech has suspended its football activities for the present season at least."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 17 – Pitt Cancels Game With Sailors Next Saturday Due to Influenza Ban – "There will be no football game in Pittsburgh next Saturday (Oct. 19). Karl E. Davis, last night notified the manager of the Detroit Naval Training Station team, which was scheduled to meet the Panthers at Forbes Field, that the game had been cancelled."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 18 – Warner and his Squad to See W. - J. Play – "This afternoon all the members of the Panther squad who are not in quarantine will go to Washington, Pa., to witness the game there between Washington & Jefferson college and the Camp Sherman team from Chillicothe, O. The influenza epidemic is not raging  very furiously at Washington, and the health authorities there have not banned football games, holding that the crowds who gather outdoors at such spectacles are doing the best thing to keep influenza away.”


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 20 – Pitt Will Have Good Game Here Next Saturday if City Health Ban Is Soon Lifted – “Concerning the report from New York yesterday that Pitt would play a game with Georgia Tech's 'Golden Tornado' at Forbes Field on Monday, November 11, the proceeds to go to the United War Work Committee's athletic fund, the Pitt authorities said last night they knew nothing of any proposed contest."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 26 – War Fund Committee Arranges for the Big Contest at Forbes Field – "The Georgia Tech football team will come to Forbes Field Saturday, November 23, to play Pitt." The telegram from W.S. Langford, chairman of the football committee and W. W. Roper, secretary of the national sports committee stated: "Your letter received. We are arranging to have Georgia Tech play in Pittsburgh November 23 for the benefit of the United War Work Fund. Have wired Syracuse to release your game and arrange another for them. Georgia Tech anxious to play. Have unqualified approval of War Department."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 29 – Pitt Loses Services of Karl Davis – "Karl E. Davis, graduate manager of athletics at the University of Pittsburgh, left last night to enter the officers' training camp of the United States Army Motor transport Corps at Camp Joseph E. Johnson, Jacksonville, Fla."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
October 30 – Charley Miller is Asked to Arrange for Game at Forbes Field Next Tuesday – "Charles S. Miller, director of athletics at Pitt, received a wire yesterday morning from W. S. Langford, chairman of the football committee of the United War Work campaign drive for funds, asking if the local team would play Rutgers in Pittsburgh Tuesday of next week. Miller ...wired back that it would be impossible for Pitt to take on the game."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
November 1 – Game is Called Off as Influenza Ban Still On; Panthers Sixth Cancellation – "The Pitt team will not depart for South Bethlehem tonight to play Lehigh tomorrow in Taylor Field, as per schedule. Coach Reiter of Lehigh called Director Miller at Pitt over the long-distance telephone yesterday and told him the ban on public gatherings was still in force in South Bethlehem, and therefore it was out of the question to consider the game...tomorrow will be the sixth idle Saturday for the Panthers this fall."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
November 9 — Royer Lifts Grip Ban on Pittsburgh; Effective Noon Today — "Formal permission was given yesterday by Dr. B. Franklin Royer, acting state commissioner of health, for lifting of the influenza ban at noon today in Pittsburgh."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
November 9 — Pitt Tackles Red and Black — "So far as football fans are concerned, all roads lead to Forbes Field, where the celebrated Pitt Panthers will pry off the lid with the Washington & Jefferson college team as their opponent."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
November 11 — War is Over Truce is Signed — "The world war ended this morning at 6 o'clock Washington time, 11 o'clock Paris time."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
On November 9, Harry Keck of The Pittsburgh Post noted: "The war may not be over just yet, but the flu ban is or will be at noon today, and the Pitt football team's period of idleness halts at 2:30 p. m., so that about evens up matters."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Red and Black were led by first-year coach Ralph Hutchinson and sported a 2-0 record. Tackle Pete Henry and end John Tressel were named to the Walter Camp All-American team.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
"Both teams are in the best of shape. Two more fit Pitt and Wash-Jeff teams never took the field than those that will trot out this afternoon. Having had lots of time, they have been able to prime well for the meeting."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Ralph Davis of The Pittsburg Press reported: "The Pitt Panthers opened their curtailed football season yesterday at Forbes Field with a one-sided victory over the Washington & Jefferson college team, the final score being 34 to 0. Thus, for the fourth time in succession the Panthers have won the gridiron championship of Western Pennsylvania. They established a new record yesterday, for it was the first time in the history of athletic relations between the two schools that the locals have taken four games in a row from the Red and Black. Yesterday's victory was the twenty-ninth in succession for the Pittites, who have not been defeated since W. & J. under Coach Bob Folwell, turned the trick five years ago."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Richard Guy of The Gazette Times noted: "There was not one feature in which the players from Washington showed to better advantage than did Pitt's, and it was therefore a comparatively easy matter for Glenn Warner's charges to score the 34 points, distributed throughout the first three periods: 14 in the first, 13 in the second and 7 in the third. They represented touchdowns by Easterday, twice; McLaren, twice; and Davies once; with four resultant goals, two each by Gougler and Davies."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Harry Keck of The Pittsburgh Sunday Post was impressed: "It was the initial contest of the season for the Panthers and, for them, an impressive opening indeed. The game was anything but impressive from a Wash-Jeff viewpoint. If there are any players on his squad whom Pop Warner did not press into service before the final whistle was blown, they must have been hiding under the bench. He gave his entire string the once over in action. On the whole, the Pitt team this season looks every bit as strong as last year's eleven, and by the time the Georgia Tech game rolls around it should be much better."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The New York Times set the tone for the rest of November: “Glenn Warner's Pittsburgh Panthers came out of obscurity for the first time this season and ably demonstrated the usual Pittsburgh power and dash by smothering Washington and Jefferson by 34 to 0....Pittsburgh again seeks gridiron laurels of the highest. The showing of the Panthers was such as to raise the hopes of football followers for a battle pre-eminent when Pittsburgh and Georgia Tech get together later this month in a game for the War Work Fund.... The Tech-Pittsburgh contest should develop into one of the greatest gridiron feasts ever concocted.”


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Pitt lineup for the game against Washington & Jefferson was Harry McCarter (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), Edward Stahl (left guard), Herb Stein (center), Vance Allshouse (right guard), Lou Mervis (right tackle), William Harrington (right end), William Horner (quarterback), Roscoe Gougler (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Ewing, Ray Allshouse, David Pitler, Clyde Mitchell, Leland Stanford, Harvey Harman, Thomas Kendrick, Herb McCracken, Bernard Sandomire, Tom Davies, Braden Swaney, T. Hamburger, A. Herskowitz, Louis Markowitz, C. Teemer, Alex Meanor and Henry Maggarrall. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
On Friday, November 15, Harry Keck of The Pittsburgh Post reported: "Two Pitt first-string players were dropped from the squad yesterday for alleged infractions of the training rules. They are Dave Pitler, quarterback candidate, and Bill Harrington, varsity end. Coach Warner made the following statement 'Football ethics and discipline come ahead of winning games at Pitt, and men who are guilty of infractions of the rules will be dropped....Discipline must be maintained, even if we have to weaken our team to maintain it'."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
The 1918 Penn Quakers were coached by both Bob Folwell and Bill Hollenback and had a 3–2 record. The Quakers right end Robert Hopper was named to Walter Camp's 1918 first team All-American  squad. The Pittsburg Press reported that Penn was confident. "'Penn is going out to Pittsburg determined to win on Saturday'. This is the message which Graduate Manager of Athletics Edward R. Bushnell, of the University of Pennsylvania football team, has sent to Pittsburg."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
Robert W. Maxwell of the Evening Ledger (Philadelphia) wrote "The only things which interfered with Penn's weekend visit to Pittsburgh were the University of Pittsburgh football team, five touchdowns, four goals and a goal from field, all of which totaled 37 points. This constituted the margin of victory, or something like that, and sent the Red and Blue off the field with the fourth defeat in as many years. Outside of that, however, a good time was had by all."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
Harry Keck of The Pittsburgh Sunday Post was impressed: "The Pitt Panther juggernaut ran roughshod over another foe at Forbes Field yesterday. The Hollenback-Folwell coached University of Pennsylvania eleven was the victim and the steam-rollering was accomplished to the tune of 37–0. A fumble by a Pitt substitute halfback on the three-yard line late in the fourth quarter prevented another touchdown being added to the total. Penn did not make a single first down in the game, either by rushing or aided by Pitt penalties. A small crowd witnessed the game, the devotees evidently saving up their appetites and loose coin for the Georgia Tech War Fund attraction next Saturday."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
"Pitt scored a touchdown five minutes after the game began after Easterday's gains had carried the ball to the one-yard line, and then over. Gougler missed goal. The visiting team held pretty well for a while, and Pitt could not get nearer the goal line than the 32-yard line, from where Davies kicked a field goal." First quarter score: Pitt 9 to Penn 0.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
Early in the second quarter,  Davies, McCracken and Gougler advanced the ball to the Penn one-yard line "and then McCracken bucked over. Davies kicked the goal." Pitt forced the Quakers to punt. A few plays later, "Davies got tired of fooling around. He carried the ball into the line, was stopped, and, as previously recorded, wriggled his way clear and ran over the goal line after a 37-yard dash. He also kicked goal." Pitt missed two field goals to close out the half and led 23 to 0.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
Mid -third quarter Pitt gained possession on the Penn 49-yard line. "A forward pass, McCracken to Gougler, gained 21 yards of the distance for first down on the 15, and Gougler lugged the ball over on three straight plays, after which he nonchalantly kicked 'gool'." Pitt 30 to Penn 0. Late third quarter, "Hamburger intercepted one of Penn's forward passes on his 37–yard line. Short gains by Pitt brought the ball to midfield and another forward pass, McCracken to Gougler, netted 18 more for Pitt. Gougler, McCracken and Hamburger carried the ball to Penn's nine-yard line before the quarter ended. McCarter got five and then Hamburger went over. Gougler kicked goal. Score, 37–0."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn
The Pitt lineup for the game against Penn was Harry McCarter (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), Edward Stahl (left guard), Herb Stein (center), Vance Allshouse (right guard), Lou Mrevis (right tackle), Ray Allshouse (right end), Roscoe Gougler (quarterback), Tom Davies (left Halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback) and Herb McCracken (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Louis Markowitz, William Horner, T. J. Hamburger, Thomas Kendrick, Nathan Friedman and Clyde Mitchell. The game was played in 12-minute quarters.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
"Never before in the history of football in Pittsburgh has so much interest been evinced in a single game. According to Joe Donnelly, of Spalding's, the crowds which flocked to that agency for tickets when the advance sale opened was the greatest he has ever known... They (Panthers) realize that the eyes of the entire football world will be upon them, and they are depended upon by lovers of the sport all over this section of the country to uphold the honor of the north against the south."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Dick Jemison of The Atlanta Constitution was excited: "The Jackets are set, ready for the whistle, in the best possible condition that careful nursing can put them in and with as much football crammed into their respective and collective beans as it is possible to cram into a green aggregation. The Young Tornado is as fit as one season of football can make it. About the proudest and happiest man in the bunch (going north) will be the writer. He is going along to endeavor to tell the readers of The Constitution in Sunday morning's paper how the green Yellow Jackets of 1918 upheld the traditions of Georgia Tech and trampled the colors of the veteran Panthers in the dust."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
On November 23, John Heisman, on a 33-game winning streak, brought his undefeated (5-0) 1918 Georgia Tech Golden Tornadoes north for the United Work War Fund game against the Panthers, owning a 30-game winning streak of their own. The Golden Tornadoes had out-scored their opponents 425-0 in their previous five games. But Coach Heisman was not optimistic according to the Daily Post interview: "We do not expect to beat Pitt, and, in fact, if we should win, I would be the most amazed man on the field.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Last year we had a great team and might have won from your Pittsburgh team, but not now. We realize that we have been invited North to play for the War Work Fund merely on the strength of our 1917 reputation. We are willing to do anything to help along the good cause, and, for that reason, if need be, will take a beating and stand to have our long string of victories broken. ... We will fight Pitt to the last ditch and hope for the best...


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
While my boys are husky, they are green – not ripe for a meeting with such a team as Pitt.... This is the first time they have ever played off their home field." In spite of being a “green” team, four members of the Yellow Jackets received All-American honors at the conclusion of the season: Bill Fincher (end), Joe Guyon (tackle), Bum Day (center) and Buck Flowers (halfback).


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
The Pittsburgh Post reported that: "Bill Harrington, varsity end, and David Pitler, one of the first string backs, who were dropped from the squad last week... had been reinstated.... Their reinstatement wasthe result of a petition gotten up by the other players on the squad." "The Pitt players are all in good shape for the big test today. The  men who were on the crippled list have been carefully nursed and have been brought back to the pink of condition. 'Katy' Easterday had two bothersome legs for several days, but he was given special treatment and is o.k. now. Capt . McClaren is absolutely fit, and the same holds true of Tom Davies, Pitt's latest wizard, and 'Skip' Gougler, the other dependables in Pitt's  backfield."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Coach Warner in 1928 recalled: "The Georgia Tech - Pittsburgh game was arranged as a charity affair and the southerners came to Pittsburgh with a beating of drums and a great blare of trumpets. They brought their band with them, together with a large delegation of rooters, and they fully expected to clean up on Pittsburgh."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Pitt dismantled Georgia Tech 32–0 in front of many of the nation's top sports writers including Walter Camp, ending Tech's 33-game streak without a loss.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
At Forbes Field, the dressing rooms of the two teams were separated only by a thin wall. As the Panthers were sitting around, awaiting Warner's pre-game talk, Heisman began to orate in the adjoining room. In his charge to the Tech squad, Heisman became flowery and fiery. He brought the heroes of ancient Greece and the soldier dead in his armor among the ruins of Pompeii. It was terrific and the Panthers sat, spellbound. When Heisman had finished, Warner chortled and quietly said to his players: 'Okay, boys. There's the speech. Now go out and knock them off.'


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Pitt's first score came on a pass from Tom Davies to Katy Easterday. The next score came soon after the start of the second quarter, when Davies returned a punt back 50 yards for a touchdown. A double pass got the next score. The fourth touchdown was a 6-yard touchdown by George McLaren. "Guyon and Flowers were very clever at intercepting forward passes, which in a measure made up for the fumbling in an early part of the game." A 55-yard touchdown run by Davies was the final score. Guyon also starred on defense.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
The New York Times was not pleased with the Golden Tornado: "The Southern football menace, which for the last three years has been exciting followers of the sport throughout other sections of the country, has been wiped out and flung aside almost in the twinkling of an eye. The enviable football record achieved by dint of hard work by Georgia Tech failed to stand up under the wrecking methods adopted by Glenn Warner's Pittsburgh Panthers. In one game, Georgia Tech becomes only a team which basked in the limelight of its own supporters and failed miserably when crowded out into the open and given battle by another of mightier mien."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
The starting lineup was Harry McCarter (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), Edward Stahl (left guard), Herb Stein (center), Vance Allshouse (right guard), Lou Mervis (right tackle), William Harrington (right end), Roscoe Gougler (quarterback), Roy Easterday (left halfback), Tom Davies (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Coach Warner made only one substitution - Ray Allshouse for Harry McCarter at left end. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
On November 28, first year coach Hugo Bezdek brought his Penn State contingent to Forbes Field on Thanksgiving for the annual tussle with Pitt. The Lions were 1-1-1 for the season with their lone victory a 7-6 squeaker over Lehigh on November 16. "The Pitt game is the one big game on their schedule this fall.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
They can forget all about the other defeats they sustained if they can make a respectable showing against the team which crushed Georgia Tech's hopes, and humbled Penn and W. & J. Today Bezdek's men are in grand fettle, brimful of confidence in their ability to give their celebrated Thanksgiving Day opponents a genuine fight for honors. State may be defeated, but they will not be disgraced nor outclassed."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Pitt was not in as grand fettle as their opponent. Some players (Harry McCarter, Edward Stahl, Herb Stein, Vance Allshouse and Roy Easterday) were nursing injuries from the Georgia Tech game. The starting lineup had Ray Allshouse at end, Harvey Harman and Leland Stanford at guard, Thomas Kendrick at center and Herb McCracken at halfback.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Florent Gibson of The Pittsburgh Post noted: "Pitt and Penn State had one of the smallest crowds that has attended one of their games in years to entertain yesterday afternoon, and one of the sloppiest fields extant on which to stage their annual melee. The field was slippery and as heavy as lead, balking all efforts at fast, snappy football, and handicapping both teams considerably."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Harry Keck of The Pittsburgh Post praised Penn State: "The final score was 28 to 6 in Pitt's favor, and those six points by State represented a touchdown – scored before Pitt itself broke into the tallying column! Incidentally, they were the first points scored against Pitt this season.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
And, incidentally, too, as a result of having shoved over that touchdown in the first quarter, the green State team completed a record of having scored in every game in which it has participated this fall...Further it was a big boost for Hugo Bezdek, coach of the Blue and White, who in the summer time is manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates... Only two of the men who faced Pitt yesterday are players from last year's squad. Bezdek has turned out a wonderful team."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The New York Tribune had the facts: "The visitors scored after a few minutes of play when they secured the ball on a poor kick by McLaren, the ball being covered in mud. Line smashing sent Captain Unger over for the touchdown, but C.W. Brown failed in his kick at goal. After that play the home team played superior football throughout and scored four touchdowns, Davies kicking four goals." Captain George McLaren scored three touchdowns in his final game at Forbes Field and Tom Davies added one. Coach Warner replaced Davies, McLaren and Gougler for the final period.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Pitt lineup for the game against Penn State was Ray Allshouse (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), Harvey Harmon (left guard), Thomas Kendrick (center), Leland Stanford (right guard), Lou Mervis (right tackle), William Harrington (right end), Roscoe Gougler (quarterback), Tom Davies (left halfback), Herb McCracken (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Ewing, William Horner, David Pitler and T. J. Hamburger. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
The Pitt Panthers opted to play a postseason game against the Cleveland Naval Reserve team two days after their annual battle with Penn State. The Naval Reserves were coached by former Penn State assistant Xen C. Scott and had a respectable 4 – 1 record against other military teams.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
The final game of the season at Cleveland Naval Reserve resulted in "Pop" Warner's first loss at Pitt and is one of the most controversial in school history. Warner, along with some reporters covering the game, insisted Pitt was robbed by the officials who, claiming the official timekeeper's watch was broken, arbitrarily ended the first half before Pitt was able to score and then allowed the Reserves extra time in the fourth quarter to pull ahead 10–9 before calling an end to the game.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
Coach Warner was livid: "We were robbed outright, and that is all there is to it. I can take a beating when it is fairly administered, as well as anyone, but I never liked to be cheated, and Pitt was certainly cheated at Cleveland. There was no attempt at fairness on the part of the officials. We hadn't a chance in the world." Thirty years later, Oct. 2, 1948, a seventy-seven year old Warner returned to Pitt as guest of honor for the Pitt versus Notre Dame football game.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
Al Abrams of the Post-Gazette reminisced with Warner and recalled how he had come to Pitt and led the Panthers to four unbeaten campaigns. Warner corrected him "No, we lost one," he recalls with a grim laugh. "We got rooked out of a victory in a postseason game with Great Lakes one of those years. That was the rawest bit of officiating I ever saw."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
Robert W. “Tiny” Maxwell, football official and sports editor of the Philadelphia Evening Ledger, did not witness the game but was concerned about the controversy and gathered partisan reports:


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
“There always are two sides to a story, and Cleveland now comes to bat with a yarn of its own regarding the Naval Reserve – Pitt football upset of last Saturday. According to Jim Lanyon, sports editor of the Plain Dealer, who is known throughout the land as a fair and competent critic, Pitt was not handed the worst of it, so far as he could see, but was beaten by a better team. '


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
Not only myself, but experts like Xen Scott and Henry Edwards also declare that Pitt has no kick to make over the game last Saturday,' wires Lanyon. ' Pitt was treated fairly and squarely and that's all there is to it.' I still maintain that Pittsburgh went into the game entirely too confident and beat themselves. The team is too good and too well coached to be beaten by any service or college team in the country if conditions are normal.”


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
Judy Harlan, formerly of Georgia Tech, and Moon Ducote, formerly of Auburn starred for the Cleveland Naval Reserves. Ducote kicked the winning field goal. Warner declared him "the greatest football player I ever saw". Harlan stated: "I intercepted a pass and returned it to midfield in the fourth quarter. I felt I at least had evened up some of the losses we had at Tech."


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Cleveland Naval Reserve
The Pitt lineup for the game against the Naval Reserves was Harry McCarter (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), Edward Stahl (left guard) Herb Stein (center), Vance Allshouse (right guard), Lou Mervis (right tackle), William Harrington (right end), Roscoe Gougler (quarterback), Tom Davies (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Harvey Harman and David Pitler. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
Despite the loss, the 4–1 Panthers of 1918 were named as a national champion for that season by multiple selectors, several of which are considered to be "major" selections by the official NCAA records book.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
The following players received their letter: Captain George McLaren, Harry McCarter, Edward Stahl, Herb Stein, Vance Allshouse, Lou Mervis, William Harrington, Roscoe Gougler, Tom Davies, Roy Easterday, Leonard Hilty, William Horner, Ray Allshouse, David Pitler, Thomas Kendrick, Leland Stanford, Herb McCracken, Clyde Mitchell, Harvey Harman plus student manager Fred. E. Finley.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
Karl E. Davis returned from Camp Joseph E. Johnston, where he was in the Officer's Training School for Quartermaster's service, to his position as Graduate Manager of Athletics.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason, List of national championship selectors
The 1918 team was selected or recognized as national champions by multiple selectors, several of which are listed as "major" (i.e. national in scope) by the official NCAA football records book. College Football Data Warehouse also recognizes Pitt as a national champion in 1918. Among the eight teams that all selectors chose retrospectively as national champions for 1918, these selectors determined Pitt to be national champions.


1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason, List of national championship selectors
* A "major" selector that was "national in scope" according to the official NCAA football records book.


1918 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1918 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 37th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 32nd in the National League. The Pirates finished fourth in the league standings with a record of 65–60.


1918 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 Portuguese general election
General elections were held in Portugal on 28 April 1918, following a coup by Sidónio Pais in December 1917. The elections were boycotted by the Democratic Party, the Evolutionist Party and the Republican Union, who had won over 90% of the seats in the 1915 elections.


1918 Portuguese general election
Although they included the first direct vote election for the position of President, Pais was the only candidate and the vote was uncontested. In the parliamentary elections the result was a victory for the National Republican Party, which won 108 of the 155 seats in the House of Representatives and 32 of the 73 seats in the indirectly elected Senate.


1918 Portuguese general election, Aftermath
Pais was assassinated in Lisbon on 14 December. On 16 December João do Canto e Castro was elected by parliament for a "transitional term".


1918 Portuguese presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 16 December 1918. Following Portugal's 1911 constitution, the Congress of the Republic must elect the president in Lisbon instead of the Portuguese people.


1918 Portuguese presidential election
The election was held two days after the assassination of the Portuguese president Sidónio Pais on 14 December 1918. There were a total of 4 candidates, 3 from the Republican Party (Portugal) and 1 from the Independent Party. Republican João do Canto e Castro won against his opponents and he was elected as the new President of Portugal succeeding the late Sidónio Pais.


1918 Presbyterian Blue Hose football team
The 1918 Presbyterian Blue Hose football team represented Presbyterian College during the 1918 college football season. The Blue Hose's team captain was S. H. Fulton.


1918 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1918 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1918 college football season. The team finished with a 3–0 record under second-year head coach Keene Fitzpatrick, outscoring opponents by a total of 61 to 7 in games against the Navy Pay School, the Government Aero School, and Camp Upton. Princeton quarterback Frank Murrey was selected as a consensus first-team honoree on the 1918 College Football All-America Team.


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first season under head coach A. G. Scanlon, the Boilermakers compiled a 3–3 record, finished in a tie for first place in the Big Ten Conference with a 1–0 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 87 to 78.


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Pre-season
On September 10, 1918, Purdue's athletic director O. F. Cutts announced that Cleo A. O'Donnell was at his home in Boston and would probably not return as the school's head football coach. Cutts  stated that assistant coach Butch Scanlon would take change of the team when students reported.


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries
On October 26, 1918, Purdue was upset by DePauw, 9–7, in Lafayette, Indiana. The DePauw team was delayed by a freight wreck that blocked the railroad near Roachdale, with the players traveling the remaining 45 miles in automobiles. The game began at 5 p.m. and was played in shortened quarters. DePauw threw a touchdown pass for the victory with minutes to play in the "gathering darkness."


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries
On November 2, 1918, Purdue defeated Chicago, 7–3, at Lafayette, Indiana. The Purdue victory broke a 20-game losing streak against Chicago dating back to 1898. According to a newspaper account, Chicago's coach Stagg "used everything at his command to put a winning score across, but the plucky Purdue men foiled him."


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries
On November 9, 1918, Purdue defeated Michigan Agricultural, 14–6, in Lansing, Michigan. Purdue scored twice in the second quarter, both times on interceptions returned for touchdowns.


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries
On November 16, 1918, Purdue defeated Wabash, 53–6, at Washington Park in Indianapolis.


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries
On November 23, 1918, Notre Dame defeated Purdue, 26-6, before a crowd of 7,000 at Stuart Field in Lafayette, Indiana.


1918 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries
On November 30, 1918, the Great Lakes Navy defeated Purdue, 27–0, at Northwestern Field in Evanston, Illinois. Great Lakes led, 6–0, at halftime, but scored 21 points in the third quarter to extend its lead. The 1918 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets compiled a 3–0–1 record against Big Ten opponents, went on to win the 1919 Rose Bowl, and featured three players (George Halas, Jimmy Conzelman, and Paddy Driscoll) who were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


1918 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 16 March 1918 to elect the 72 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1918 Queensland state election, Background
The election was the second for the Labor government of T. J. Ryan, who had been premier since 1 June 1915. The National opposition (previously known as the Ministerialists) were led by Edward Macartney who replaced Digby Denham after the 1915 election when they were reduced to 21 seats. In turn, he was replaced by James Tolmie within three months but returned to the post shortly before the election when the latter fell ill.


1918 Queensland state election, Results
The election saw the Labor government returned to office with an increased vote and seat count for both Labor and the National Party from the 1915 election.


1918 Queensland state election, Results
Queensland state election, 16 March 1918Legislative Assembly << 1915–1920 >>


1918 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation
This table lists changes in party representation at the 1918 election.


1918 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation, Party changes before election
The following seats changed party representation before the election due to the merger of Farmers Union and Liberal Party members.


1918 Queensland state election, Aftermath
T.J. Ryan resigned as premier a year after the state election to run successfully for the federal seat of West Sydney in 1919. Ryan was replaced as premier by Ted Theodore. Theodore called the 1920 election one year into his premiership and two years after the 1918 election. Macartney was later replaced for a second time, this time by William Vowles. Within a few months though, Vowles created the Queensland Country Party. However, because Vowles had created the Country Party using most of the rural-based National MLAs, Vowles was able to remain as Opposition Leader.


1918 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1918 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Republican Robert Livingston Beeckman defeated Democratic nominee Alberic A. Archambault with 53.11% of the vote.


1918 Rice Owls football team
The 1918 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1918 college football season. In its first season under head coach John E. Anderson, the team compiled a 1–5–1 record (1–1 against SWC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 62 to 13.


1918 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1918 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as a member of the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) during the 1918 college football season. Led by Robert C. Marshall in his first and only year as head coach, Richmond compiled an overall record of 3–1–1 with a mark of 1–0 in conference play. Richmond beat rival William & Mary, 7–0.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection
The  1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection was a unsuccessful attempt at overthrowing the federal government and the establishment of a self-managed society, based on the anarcho-syndicalist models of decentralized organizations and trade unions. It was inspired by the events of the Russian Revolution.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
Indirect precedents of 1918 insurrection were the arrival of works by Bakunin, Kropotkin and other European libertarian writers to Brazil by the end of the 19th century together with Italian and Spanish immigrants from Europe, to serve as cheap labor force in factories and farms of wealthy Brazilian entrepreneurs.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
But directly, the insurrection is the consequence of the high level of organization among the Brazilian proletariat in the first decades of the 20th century, especially in Rio de Janeiro, at the time the capital, and in São Paulo. In 1917, resulting from the articulation of various unions and anarchist organizations, the São Paulo industry was put at a halt, with mass participation of workers in the 1917 general strike.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
In parallel, the Spanish Flu outbreak had spread around in many Brazilian cities, taking thousands of lives. As a consequence of the First World War, the high cost of living had hit mostly the poorer strata of the population, and the hunger of thousands resulted in the looting of warehouses and commerce.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
In Rio de Janeiro, FORJ (Portuguese: Federação Operária do Rio de Janeiro; Worker Federation of Rio de Janeiro) begun a great campaign against this expensive cost of living and worked towards the restructuring of several trade unions. At the same time, despite not being allowed by the police, many large worker meetings popped up, in which speakers and thinkers made speeches to hundreds or thousands of people.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
The strike in the Corcovado textile factory was heavily repressed by the police in May, and the collapse of the Hotel New York in July, with the death of tens of workers, rose the hostility of workers and anarchists towards government officials and business owners. Work conditions in factories, as in neighborhoods such as Barreto, Santo Aleixo and the city of Rio de Janeiro, were terrible, in badly-lit workplaces, full of smoke, where there were no proper bathrooms for the employees but holes on the ground. Many times, child workers received negative paychecks because of production mistakes, and physical punishment was constant. The factories were overseen by foremen and thugs, who suppressed any protest, rather effectively, since they lived nearby the worker settlements. Even pregnant women worked tirelessly in these poor work conditions.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
At the beginning of 1918, news about the success of the Russian Revolution spread throughout Brazilian capitals. Not knowing about the character of the Bolshevik Revolution, anarchist groups came to organize themselves with the intention of overthrow the Brazilian central government.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
In January 1918, the Anarchist Alliance of Rio de Janeiro was created, whose main objective is to spread libertarian thinking among workers from different sectors. On March 1, the General Workers' Union (UGT) was founded, replacing the FORJ which in August 1917 had been closed by the state repressive apparatus. Since its inception, the UGT was also the target of police repression, which reacted to rumours of an alleged general strike. Nevertheless, strikes continued through 1918.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
On May 1, 1918, a state of siege was declared in the city of Rio de Janeiro, workers and anarchists organized to commemorate International Workers' Day in union offices, in halls and even in a theatre. In June, the Germinal Anarchist Group staged a festival with plays.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Background
In August, workers from Companhia Cantareira and Viação Fluminense went on strike for better wages and an eight-hour working day, paralyzing both the Rio - Niterói ferryboats and the tramways. Faced with the strike, the businessmen activate the state repressive apparatus that try to end the strike by force. In the face of repression, the workers reacted by making the strike take on the character of an insurrection. In the face of police violence, a considerable number of soldiers from the 58th Hunters' Battalion entered the conflict, taking up arms alongside the workers.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Planning
In September and October, the conflict between workers and cops in the capital's streets continued. In this climate, revolutionaries met up to develop the anarchist insurrection, to be realized on November 18th. Its objective was to overthrow the State and substitute it with a worker council network.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Planning
In secret meetings, determined intellectuals met up, as the professor José Oiticica and syndicalists such as Manuel Campos, Astrogildo Pereira, Carlos Dias, Álvaro Palmeira, José Elias da Silva, João da Costa Pimenta e Agripino Nazaré. They counted on sectors of low ranking army officials to join, led by the lieutenant Jorge Elias Ajuz, who was responsible for the uprising's military strategy.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Planning
These plans involved directly above 400 workers, and indirectly thousands of others, to the takeover and encirclement of the Government Palace, the establishment of a lightning general strike of many sectors of the proletariat, the planting of 1600 bombs to sabotage energy lines and transport, and the occupation of police stations and military bases to maintain focal points of resistance.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, November 18th
In the morning of November 18th, textile industry workers declared synchronous strikes in factories in Niterói, the Barreto neighborhood, Petrópolis, Magé and the Santo Aleixo neighborhood, and Rio de Janeiro. Quickly, metallurgy and civil construction industry workers joined the strikes. By the afternoon, around 400 workers met up in São Cristóvão Palace, to which police was mobilized in order to disperse the revolt. A battle began as the workers reacted. Two bombs exploded in a nearby police station and the mob advanced. Next, army soldiers encircle the location, taking back the station and dispersing the workers there. The conflict expands to the nearby streets with the Army coming to stop the protesters, trying to occupy the Army command building.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, November 18th
When set in motion, the attempt to overthrow power was frustrated by the authorities who were aware of all the plans, since Lieutenant Jorge Elias Ajuz, who had attended all the meetings and knew all the plans, actually acted as a spy and agent provocateur. Upon learning that the uprising had been betrayed, the workers began to avoid extreme attitudes, abandoning previously defined plans. After the Intendência was taken, workers and rebel soldiers were supposed to head to the center and attack the City Hall, the Police Palace and the barracks of the police brigade. In the south zone, another group of workers was supposed to occupy the Palácio do Catete and the Chamber of Deputies, removing the president and other politicians. But none of that happened.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, November 18th
With the assistance of the police informant who had infiltrated the anarchist group, the men who plotted the insurrection were arrested: ten Brazilians, three Portuguese immigrants, and one Spanish immigrant, who in the following days were deported or expelled to other states in the country. The police also arrested about 200 workers, among them 78 directly linked to anarchist unions. The battle at the Confiança factory between the police and the insurgents resulted in the death of the textile industry trade unionist Manuel Martins and the injury of another worker who died days later. The funeral processions of both were banned by the police, but still took place accompanied by hundreds of workers.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, November 18th
Over 200 workers were detained, among which 78 of them were directly linked to anarchist unions. Conflicts between the police and protesters in front of the Confiança factory resulted in the death of textile industry syndicalist Manuel Martins and of another wounded worker the next few days. Funeral celebrations were prohibited for both by the police, despite still being attended by hundreds of workers.


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Aftermath
The insurrection was widely used as a reason for Delfim Moreira, acting president, to persecute and put an end to countless anarchist organizations, many of them without any involvement in the events. On November 20, the federal government decreed the dissolution of the UGT, along with the closure of the metal workers, civil builders and textile industry unions that were still on strike - which lasted another two weeks. By the end of the decade, numerous repression operations were carried out and not even the modern schools in several Brazilian cities were spared. On the other hand, thanks to popular pressure resulting from the strikes and the insurrection on November 20, 1918, a law was passed in the Federal Senate that defined that "work is regulated by laws that give them necessary guarantees: guarantees to society, guarantees to employers, guarantees to the workers".


1918 Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection, Aftermath
98 years after this event, anarchist collectives performed an act in memory of this event with the painting of a mural on the factory wall in front of the Henrique Lage Technical School.


1918 Rock Island Independents season
The 1918 Rock Island Independents season resulted in the team posting a 5–0 record and completing shutouts in all 5 games.


1918 Romanian National Assembly election
Elections for 680 of the 1,228 delegates to the National Assembly of Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary took place in Transylvania and neighbouring regions of the Hungarian Democratic Republic inhabited by Romanians between November 20 and December 1, 1918. Called by the Central Romanian National Council, the elections were open exclusively to ethnic Romanians, with women excluded from the process in most of the places. Voting procedure was highly irregular, ranging from universal vote direct vote to indirect elections and even acclamation by local self-proclaimed "Romanian national councils".


1918 Romanian general election
General elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania after the conclusion of the Treaty of Bucharest (1918) between 19 and 29 May 1918 (19, 21 and 29 May for the Chamber of Deputies and 23, 25 and 27 May for the Senate).


1918 Romanian general election
The National Liberal Party (PNL) boycotted the elections. In agreement with the German Empire, elections were also held in then-occupied Romania (Wallachia and parts of the Western Moldavia), with the exception of the province of Dobruja (Caliacra, Durostor, Constanța and Tulcea counties), which was ceded to Bulgaria and the Central Powers according to the Treaty of Bucharest.


1918 Romanian general election, Results, Senate
According to the Constitution, the crown prince and eight bishops had the right to sit in the Senate.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike
The 1918 Romanian typographers' strike was a labor strike in Bucharest, Romania. The strike began on December 6, 1918, when the city's typographers went on strike for higher salaries, an 8-hour work day, and recognition of their union. The striking workers declared a second protest the following week, and on December 13, they were joined by various left-wing groups, who demanded the abolition of the Romanian monarchy. It is estimated that over 15,000 participated in the December 13th demonstrations. The strike was violently put down by the Romanian military, resulting in the deaths and injuries of dozens of workers, although the death toll has been disputed.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Context
Following the end of World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution in the Soviet Union, much of Europe saw various communist uprisings. Over 700,000 Romanian soldiers and civilians were killed during the war.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Context
Compounding this, working conditions amongst the urban population were poor at the time, with children as young as six working, and workdays lasting from 12 to 16 hours per day. Previous protests during World War I were violently suppressed via emergency powers granted to the government. Increasingly, left-wing groups began making themselves more visible, with typographers printing large amounts of left-wing material.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Context
When Ferdinand I returned from exile on December 1, 1918, 6,000 railway workers went on strike in Bucharest. On December 3, 5,000 civil servants went on strike.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Events
On December 6, 1918, typographers in the city on Bucharest had gone on strike, demanding higher salaries, an 8-hour work day, and recognition of their union. During this strike, the protestors announced a second protest the following Friday. On the 13th, protestors marched down Calea Victoriei, near the royal palace. The protestors then approached a military general, asking for permission to protest, which the military did not approve. The military then began shooting the protestors with four machine guns. One military official at the time noted that such shootings went against regulations placed upon the military, which required a military prosecutor to be present to approve such shooting, and that the guidance stated that warning shots should have been fired instead.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Aftermath and death toll
Initially, the government reported a low death tolls, with figures ranging from 6 to 16 strikers that had been killed, although subsequent figures suggest that perhaps 87 or 102 strikes may have been killed.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Aftermath and death toll
Socialist organizer Ion Frimu was among those wounded by the military officers, and died from his wounds weeks later. Other prominent figures who were arrested at the march included Alecu Constantinescu and Alexandru Bogdan. Constantin Titel Petrescu and N. D. Cocea were some of the lawyers who defended those arrested.


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Legacy
Under the Socialist Republic of Romania, December 13 became a national holiday, known as "Typographers' Day".


1918 Romanian typographers' strike, Legacy
A large mausoleum for Ion Frimu was erected in Tineretului Park, and a commemorative statue and plaque was built at the site of the protest. One of the streets the protestors marched down, Ion Câmpineanu Street (Romanian: Strada Ion Câmpineanu) was renamed to December 13, 1918 Street (Romanian: Strada 13 Decembrie 1918), but reverted to Ion Câmpineanu Street following the fall of the Socialist Republic of Romania.


1918 Rose Bowl
The 1918 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a bowl game played on January 1, 1918, at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California. It was the 4th Rose Bowl Game. With America at war, the game was played with players from the Mare Island Marines of California and the Camp Lewis Army from American Lake, Washington.


1918 Rose Bowl, Game summary
Since the Rose Bowl game became so popular and most of the college football players were fighting overseas during World War I, the Pasadena Tournament of Roses decided to stage the game with military units, with the approval from President Woodrow Wilson. The Camp Lewis football team represented the US Army.


1918 Rose Bowl, Game notes
According to the Tournament of Roses, "Within weeks of the 1918 Rose Bowl Game, the majority of the players from both teams were scheduled to go overseas. John Beckett, left tackle for Mare Island, acknowledged this fact and said that “this would be the last battle that we would fight in the name of sports."


1918 Rose Bowl, Game notes
Hugo Bezdek was the coach to lead two separate schools (Oregon in 1917 and Mare Island 1918) to victories. He also led Penn State to an appearance in the 1923 Rose Bowl.


1918 Rose Bowl, Game notes
Dick Romney, who had been a football star at Utah, played halfback for the Camp Lewis team, scoring the team's only touchdown.


1918 Ross by-election
The Ross by-election of 1918 was held on 4 May 1918. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Percy Clive, being killed in action  in the First World War. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Pulley.


1918 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1918 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1918 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach George "Sandy" Sanford, the team compiled a 5–2 record, shut out its first four opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 192 to 78.


1918 Rutgers Queensmen football team
Paul Robeson played at the end position for the 1917 and 1918 Rutgers teams, was selected by Frank G. Menke as a first-team All-American in both 1917 and 1918, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995. Coach Sanford was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971.


1918 SAPFL Grand Final
The 1918 SAPFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the West Torrens Football Club and the West Adelaide Football Club, held at Jubilee Oval on Saturday 9 October 1918. It was the 3rd Grand Final of the South Australian Patriotic Football League, staged to determine the premiers of the 1918 SAPFL season. The match was won by West Torrens by a margin of 14 points, marking that clubs first patriotic premiership victory.


1918 SAPFL Grand Final
The SAFL was opposed to the formation of the Patriotic League and refused to recognise it during and after World War I.


1918 SAPFL season
The 1918 SAPFL season was the 3rd and final season of the South Australian Patriotic Football League, a competition formed in the absence of the South Australian Football League during World War I. The SAFL was opposed to the formation of the Patriotic League and refused to recognise it during and after World War I.


1918 SAPFL season, Reflist
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1918 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1918 SMU Mustangs football team was an American football team that represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1918 college football season. In its second season under head coach J. Burton Rix, the team compiled a 442 record and was outscored by a total of 45 to 39. The team played its home games at Armstrong Field in University Park, Texas.


1918 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1918 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University during the 1918 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Ernest C. Quigley, the Billikens compiled a 3–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 136 to 36. The team played its home games at Sportsman's Park at St. Louis.


1918 Sammarinese general election
A general election was held in San Marino on 9 June 1918 to elect the fifth term of the Grand and General Council.


1918 Sammarinese general election, History
According to the decisions of the Meeting of 1906, a third of the seats in the Grand and General Council should be renewed every three years. Twenty councillors, elected in 1909, finished their term this year.


1918 Sammarinese general election, History
All councillors were elected in their constituency using a plurality-at-large voting, a non-partisan system. However, as previously happened, candidates elected generally belonged to the liberal group which had supported the democratic action of the Citizenry Meeting or, more, were members of the sole organized party of the country, the Sammarinese Socialist Party, which claimed to have won 14 seats. The election fell in a period of social tensions caused by the inflation of the Italian lira during World War I, and the Socialists refused to join the government following many popular protests against heavy prices.


1918 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system
Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male, the head of the family and 24 years old.


1918 San Fermín earthquake
The 1918 San Fermín earthquake, also known as the Puerto Rico earthquake of 1918, struck the island of Puerto Rico at 10:14:42 local time on October 11. The earthquake measured 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale and IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The mainshock epicenter occurred off the northwestern coast of the island, somewhere along the Puerto Rico Trench.


1918 San Fermín earthquake
The earthquake triggered a tsunami with waves measured that swept the west coast of the island. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami made it one of the worst natural disasters that have struck the island. The losses resulting from the disaster were approximately 76–118 casualties and $4–29 million in property damage.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Earthquake
The epicenter of the 1918 San Fermín earthquake was located in the Mona Passage off the northwestern coast of the island. The strongest ground shaking has been estimated at intensity IX on the Mercalli intensity scale. The resulting tsunami affected primarily the west coast towns of the island (primarily Mayaguez).


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
Numerous structures in the west coast suffered irreparable damage. Factories and production facilities were virtually destroyed, while bridges and roads were severely damaged. The earthquake caused several mudslides in areas where the intensity exceeded Level VII, but none caused numerous deaths. Also, the river currents were affected, which, in many cases affected the foundations of many bridges, resulting in their collapse. Telegraph cables under the ocean were damaged, cutting off the island from outside communication for a time.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
The reported casualties of the earthquake have been estimated somewhere between 76 and 116 deaths. Approximately 40 of these deaths were caused by the tsunami which swept shore communities. Damage to property was estimated to be between $4 and 29 million.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
In Mayagüez, the largest city affected, 700 masonry buildings were damaged and 1,000 wooden houses, so many people were homeless. Major buildings like the church, post office and hall were severely damaged. With fear because of the aftershocks, many people camped out in the hills for weeks.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Earthquake, Tsunami
As a result of the earthquake, a tsunami lashed the west coast of the island, probably 4–7 minutes after the main shock. The highest waves were estimated at 6.0 m (19.7 ft) in Point Agujereada, 4.5 m (15 ft) at Point Borinquen, and 5.2 m (17 ft) at Point Jiguero. Several coastal villages were destroyed and it has been estimated that 40 people drowned (32 in Aguadilla alone) as a direct result of the tsunami.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks
Several aftershocks were reported immediately after the main earthquake. On October 24 and November 12, two strong aftershocks were reported on the island. However, no damage was reported as a result.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, United States response
The response from the United States was to exempt the municipalities most affected from paying taxes for a short period immediately following the quake: those municipalities were Mayagüez, Aguada, Aguadilla, Añasco and Isabela. The U.S. appropriated funds for the repair of municipal buildings of the most affected municipalities.


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Gallery
Cathedral of Mayagüez after the first earthquake; further damage toppled the left tower


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Gallery
Map showing the epicenters of all the magnitude 5 and greater earthquakes around Puerto Rico for the last 100 years


1918 San Fermín earthquake, Gallery
Aguadilla Punta Borinquen Lighthouse Ruins—an 1889 lighthouse destroyed by the tsunami


1918 San Jacinto earthquake
The 1918 San Jacinto earthquake occurred in extreme eastern San Diego County in Southern California on April 21 at 14:32:29 local time. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Several injuries and one death occurred with total losses estimated to be $200,000.


1918 San Jacinto earthquake, Tectonic setting
The San Jacinto Fault Zone is a major strike-slip fault zone that runs through San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial Counties in Southern California. The SJFZ is a component of the larger San Andreas transform system and is considered to be the most seismically active fault zone in the area. Together they relieve the majority of the stress between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.


1918 San Jacinto earthquake, Damage
Many of the buildings in San Jacinto's business district were of poor construction, and all but one frame building and one concrete building collapsed, though high quality structures did not experience serious damage. Minor damage to other buildings within 160 kilometers (99 mi) of San Jacinto also occurred. Roadways and irrigation canals also sustained damage and small sand blows were seen on a farm northwest of San Jacinto.


1918 San Jacinto earthquake, Damage
The earthquake occurred on a Sunday afternoon when most of the businesses in San Jacinto were closed and void of customers. The business district had the greatest damage, though Hemet was also severely damaged. Damage to chimneys, windows, and plaster walls occurred to buildings and structures within 100 miles of San Jacinto. Some of the damage that was inspected included landslides, partially collapsed buildings, and damaged irrigation canals and roads. Ground cracks were observed near the banks of the San Jacinto river.


1918 Santos FC season
The 1918 season was the seventh season for Santos Futebol Clube, a Brazilian football club, based in the Vila Belmiro bairro, Zona Intermediária, Santos, Brazil.


1918 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1918 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Zach Curlin played for Fort Oglethorpe.


1918 Shantou earthquake
The 1918 Shantou earthquake occurred in Shantou, Guangdong, Republic of China. Serious damage and high casualty numbers were reported in Guangdong and the surrounding provinces. It also caused some damage in what was then British Hong Kong.


1918 Shantou earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake occurred on February 13, 1918, at 14:07 in the afternoon. The epicenter location is believed to be centered off Nan'ao Island or about 300 km northeast of the territory of Hong Kong, where the quake caused minor damage and cracks to buildings in the territory. Nearer to the epicenter area, the earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme).


1918 Shantou earthquake, Earthquake
The eight provinces that were affected by the earthquake were Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hubei. Shaking strong enough to cause damage was felt over a 500,000 km2 area, covering 130 counties. In Zhao'an, Fujian Province alone, more than 3,000 homes collapsed, trapping or killing many residents. The Chao'an District of Chaozhou City in Guangdong Province saw 20% of all residential buildings completely destroyed and another 40% partially collapsed. In the prefectural-level city of Jieyang, almost all of the homes in the area were damaged, with at least half of them completely destroyed. Many pagodas, homes and temples in Soochow, Guangzhou and Nanjing were partially damaged or collapsed due to the earthquake. The death toll from the disasters was at least a thousand, with many more wounded. Among the casualties included foreign traders and diplomats.


1918 Shantou earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake is the only Hong Kong's history to have caused damage. It was estimated to reach intensity VII on the Modified Mercalli Scale. As the Royal Observatory, Hong Kong did not start operating long-period seismographs until 1921 to detect distant earthquakes. According to the Hongkong Telegraph, the quake threw the whole Central District into a state of panic. The shock lasted about half a minute and was felt all over Hong Kong Island and Kowloon.


1918 Shantou earthquake, Earthquake
As a result of the earthquake, numerous fissures opened in the ground, most of them several meters long and tens of centimeters wide. However, larger cracks up to many tens of meters long and up to one meter wide also formed. One crack along a coastal road in Shantou measured up to 330 meters long began blasting hot water. In Zhangpu County numerous cracks as wide as 33 centimeters and 100 meters long erupted black and yellow mud but closed up after the tremor was over.


1918 South American Championships in Athletics (unofficial)
Unofficial South American Championships in Athletics were held inBuenos Aires, Argentina on May 24–26, 1918. The event was entitled"Campeonato de Iniciación". It was organized by the"Federación Pedestre Argentina", the predecessor of the "Federación AtléticaArgentina" (founded in 1919) and the "Confederación Argentina de Atletismo" (founded in 1954), andwas then representing Argentinian athletics.


1918 South American Championships in Athletics (unofficial)
In a historical meeting on May 24, 1918, in the "salón de honor" (hall of fame) of thenewspaper "La Razón", its director, Eloy María Prieto, together with Leopoldo Falconi, Carlos Fanta and Alfredo Betteley, representatives from Chile, andDr. Francisco Ghigliani, representative from Uruguay, decided the foundation of the ConfederaciónSudamericana de Atletismo nowadays known as ConSudAtle.


1918 South Armagh by-election
The South Armagh by-election of 1918 was held on 2 February 1918. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary Party MP, Charles O'Neill. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Patrick Donnelly.


1918 South Australian state election
State elections were held in South Australia on 6 April 1918. All 46 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Union government led by Premier of South Australia Archibald Peake defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Andrew Kirkpatrick. Each district elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes.


1918 South Australian state election
The 1918 election was the first at which any women stood as candidates. Selina Siggins (Adelaide) and Jeanne Young (Sturt) both ran unsuccessfully as independents.


1918 South Australian state election, Background
The Crawford Vaughan Labor government fell in July 1917 due to the Australian Labor Party split of 1916 on conscription, and was replaced by a Peake Liberal minority government. This was replaced by the Peake Liberal-National Labor coalition government in August 1917. Peake initially formed a ministry of liberals, but after complaints from National Labor who had supported him in the confidence motion, he included three National Labor members. Crawford Vaughan, National Labor leader, did not take a place in the ministry. The Liberal and National Labor parties went to the election in coalition.