1919 International Congress of Working Women, Background
With an increased number of people simultaneously employed by large manufacturers, they all realized together that working conditions were poor. All laborers joined together to confront these issues of low wages and unlivable working conditions. Organized labor aimed to recognize similar interests in the working class of the population, especially for women. Women faced the challenge of attending to their work as homemakers, while also facing inequalities and horrible conditions in the workplace. Women everywhere were viewed as the "weaker sex", and incapable of performing the work a man could.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Background
Women were most often the first to be fired while their domestic work limited them from learning new techniques in the workplace. The industrial revolution disputed traditional ways of life and caused women to find their own means of economic survival and to maintain the life of the family. Women from the United States, England, France, and other European countries began to form organizations and fight for women's rights. Women attempted to create links across national frontiers. An International Council of Women was formed in 1888 to address temperance, higher education for women internationally, career opportunities, and a major emphasis on women's right to vote. Bonds were made and women's labor organizations were established across the world.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Background
On the eve of World War I labor leagues had grown in France, Germany, Belgium, the United States, and many other nations. At the end of the war, these unions sent representatives to international conferences to make their concerns heard and progress toward equality in the world of working women.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Formation of the Congress
The year 1919 marked the beginning of the Paris Peace Conference and the establishment of the Treaty of Versailles. Treaty deliberations included discussion around the creation of the United Nations, as well as the UN agency the International Labour Organization (ILO). The ILO had the responsibility of addressing labor issues, setting international labour standards, and promoting peace through social justice.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Formation of the Congress
International labor turned their attention to the ILO and the Paris Peace Conference. Margaret Dreier Robins, president of U.S. labor organization the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), saw this international gathering as an opportunity to address the new era for women whose labor internationally proved essential to producing food, munitions, and manufactured goods throughout the first World War. The WTUL encouraged women from around the world to gather at the conference to make their voices and concerns surrounding labor conditions heard.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Formation of the Congress
Rose Schneiderman and Mary Anderson, both leading members of the WTUL, quickly ascended to France to address the newly established ILO. With them, they brought a document listing labour standards which was drafted by the WTUL's Committee on Social and Industrial Reconstruction. The document included standards such as, "equal pay for equal work," a maximum of an eight-hour day and a forty-four-hour work week, prohibiting night work for women, and social wages for maternity, old age, and unemployment.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Formation of the Congress
Schneiderman and Anderson, were not able to present the WTUL's document to the Conference, but met with Britain's Margaret Bondfield and many other women labor leaders from around the world. The female labor leaders agreed to establish an international labor women's conference to prepare for the upcoming ILO convention which would take place in October in Washington D.C. A Call for Delegates was rapidly established and urged women of internationally recognized labor unions to attend the ICWW. The International Congress of Working Women was established and was scheduled to meet in mid October to discuss and establish their own labor guidelines which would protect women laborers internationally.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Goals and Accomplishments of the 1919 ICWW
Twenty eight delegates from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Great Britain, India, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Sweden attended the international women's congress. However, women from Cuba, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, and Switzerland also attended and participated in decision making. Overall, over two hundred women attended the congress. Margaret Dreier Robins of the WTUL sat as chair of the 1919 International Congress of Working Women and planned to create a draft of resolutions to be sent to the first annual conference of the International Labor Organization.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Goals and Accomplishments of the 1919 ICWW
After ten days, the delegates of the ICWW finalized many decisions revolved around labour standards. The ICWW completed a document which held ten provisions which would be presented to the ILO during their first annual conference in Washington D.C. The congress included a requirement in their document which demanded to raise the number of ILO delegates from each nation from four to six and also require two of the six to be women. In addition, the ICWW was responsible for creating an everlasting organization, the International Federation of Working Women.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Goals and Accomplishments of the 1919 ICWW
However, all of these decisions and the establishment of these provisions did not come without debate. The women laborers present at the conference were divided while discussing the eight hour day, night work, and maternity insurance. All of these debates stemmed from how to define the "woman worker". Whether to define women laborers through a gender neutral manner, or through "protective" labor legislation. Delegates from Norway and Sweden both proposed women should not be allowed to work during the night time because it would put them in danger. Schneiderman believed this was untrue, and proposed that if women wanted to work at night and take the risk they should be able to. The congress compromised opinions by adhering to the limiting of night work of women, but also extended this proposal to all men as well.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Goals and Accomplishments of the 1919 ICWW
In addition, Czechoslovakian delegate Marie Majerová urged her fellow delegates to view domestic responsibilities of women as part of the eight hour day. She recognized domestic work lied heavily on the woman's shoulders and understood this takes a large toll on women all around the world. Unfortunately, the delegates did not find this opinion appealing and a broader discussion of housework did not take place. Rather, Robins focused the discussion of the eight hour day around agricultural and industrial home work. Finally, the women of the congress agreed on an eight-hour day and a forty-four-hour week for all workers.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Goals and Accomplishments of the 1919 ICWW
While discussing the topic of maternity protection, American and British delegates agreed on their opinions surrounding motherhood free form wage labor. However, many other nations believed that women could mix wage labor and family responsibilities if they had certain provisions. Women from Belgium believed women needed Saturday afternoons off to do housework and shop, and women from France and Italy believed that women needed daycares which were near their workplaces and also needed breaks for breastfeeding, in addition to two breaks which will allow them to eat with their families. American and British delegates did not agree women should be nursing their young at work. Jean Bouvier of the French delegation did defend the necessity of breastfeeding at work. Both opinions were brought to the ILO conference.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Goals and Accomplishments of the 1919 ICWW
After debates and discussions, the ICWW did create a document which was presented at the International Labor Conference. The document addressed: an eight-hour day and a forty-four-hour week for all workers, limits on child labor, maternity benefits, prohibition of work at night for both men and women and in hazardous situations, new policies for the unemployed and emigration, an "equal distribution of raw materials existing in the world," an end to the Russian Blockade, and the establishment of a permanent bureau of the International Congress of Working Women with its office in the United States.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Commission on the Employment of Women
A commission of the ILO, The Commission on the Employment of Women, was responsible for two conventions: The Maternity Protection Convention and a convention revolved around night work for women. Both conventions were largely affected by the ICWW's proposals and by leading ICWW women. The Maternity Protection Convention covered a variety of provisions governing maternity benefits in industrial and commercial undertakings. Jeanne Bouvier, Margaret Bonfield, Mary Macarthur, and Constance Smith all participated in the ICWW and were appointed as delegates to the Commission on the Employment of Women during the ILO conference.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Commission on the Employment of Women
The Maternity Protection Convention documented their agreements and decisions concerning the protection of female workers, and formed a document consisting of twelve articles. The document stated: women would receive a six-week maternity leave after their child's birth, women would be paid benefits sufficient for the full health maintenance for her and her child, women will be granted job protection, entitled to free attendance by a doctor or certified midwife, and once returned to work she will be given two half an hour breaks to breastfeed her newborn child. Nations which ratified the convention would agree to its provisions and imbed them in their nations legislation. The women of the ICWW were influential in the decisions made during the International Labor Organization's Maternity Protection Convention.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, Commission on the Employment of Women
During the second conference which addressed the night work of women, women from the ICWW also voiced their opinions. Betsy Kjelsberg, of Norway, believed that special laws which are established for the protection of women are demeaning for women. She explained that she would work for the gradual elimination of night work for women as well as men. The final provisions for the night work convention did prohibit the employment of women after 10 pm or before 5 am, but did not extend this provision to male laborers.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, The IFWW After 1919
The second International Congress of Working Woman, which took place in 1921 in Geneva addressed membership into the everlasting organization of the ICWW, the International Federation of Working Woman. The Federation compromised and allowed trade unions with female members to join the federation and also allowed women's labor organizations who shared their same values to join them as well.


1919 International Congress of Working Women, The IFWW After 1919
In Vienna in 1923 the third International Conference of Working Women took place. This conference discussed the challenges of relating to an international labor movement which was largely male oriented and dominated. The delegates of the third ICWW decided to join with the International Federation of Trade Unions, which would cause the federation to dissolve.


1919 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1919 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the 14th edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. Following four years of non-competition due to World War I, the competition resumed with four teams challenging Australasia for the cup. Australasia defeated Great Britain to retain the title. The final was played at the Double Bay Grounds in Sydney, Australia on 16–21 January 1920.


1919 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1919 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 30 April 1919 as part of that years local elections.


1919 Invercargill mayoral election
Incumbent mayor John Stead was re-elected with a reduced majority.


1919 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1919 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1919 college football season.


1919 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1919 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1919 college football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Charles Mayser, the Cyclones compiled a 5–2–1 record (3–1–1 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the conference, shut out six of eight opponents, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 73 to 20. They played their home games at State Field in Ames, Iowa. Gilbert Denfield was the team captain.


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election
The Isle of Thanet by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Isle of Thanet on 15 November 1919.


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Unionist MP, Norman Carlyle Craig on 14 October 1919. He had been MP here since winning the seat in January 1910. The constituency had been held by the Unionists since its creation in 1885.


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Electoral history
At the 1918 general election, Craig was returned unopposed, having been in receipt of the Coalition 'coupon'. The result at the last contested election was


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Main issues and campaign
At the 1918 general election, Coalition Liberal Prime Minister, David Lloyd George had famously stated that the task for the new government would be to build "Homes fit for Heroes". His plan was for the government to raise funds through taxation to allow local councils to build houses and Coalition Liberal Reconstruction Minister, Christopher Addison successfully steered through Parliament the Housing Act 1919. However, there were parts of the Unionist Party that opposed these plans including Harmsworth. Harmsworth's Anti-


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Main issues and campaign
Waste platform of cuts in government spending and reductions in Income Tax was enthusiastically supported by The Times, the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror. He also had the active support of Horatio Bottomley, a prominent right-wing MP who had founded the People's League in opposition to the government. At an eve of poll meeting in support of Harmsworth, Bottomley proclaimed that he expected in about 2 years to be asked by the King to form a 'business administration'.


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Result
As expected, the Unionists held the seat but the Liberals polled strongly. Compared to the last contested election, there had been a 9% swing to the Liberals.


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Result
When Harmsworth took his seat he became the Baby of the House.


1919 Isle of Thanet by-election, Aftermath
Despite Harmsworth's disappointing result, the issue of taxes/public spending continued to dominate the 1919-22 parliament and an Anti- Waste League was formed to rally right-wing opinion and contest future by-elections. The Coalition Government's Council House Building Policies continued. Bottomley was not asked to form a government by the King but was to serve at His Majesty's Pleasure for 7 years at Wormwood Scrubs. The result at the following General election;


1919 Isthmian League
The 1919 season was the tenth in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.


1919 Isthmian League
Of the eleven clubs who competed in the 1913–14 season, only five returned for this season; four did not resume until the 1919–20 season, whilst two (New Crusaders and Shepherd's Bush) had left the league. Leytonstone were champions, winning their first Isthmian League title.


1919 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 16 November 1919. The fragmented Liberal governing coalition lost the absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, due to the success of the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian People's Party.


1919 Italian general election, Electoral system
The old system of using single-member constituencies with two-round majority voting was abolished and replaced with proportional representation in 58 constituencies with between 5 and 20 members.


1919 Italian general election, Historical background
The election took place in the middle of Biennio Rosso ("Red Biennium") a two-year period, between 1919 and 1920, of intense social conflict in Italy, following the First World War. The revolutionary period was followed by the violent reaction of the Fascist blackshirts militia and eventually by the March on Rome of Benito Mussolini in 1922.


1919 Italian general election, Historical background
The Biennio Rosso took place in a context of economic crisis at the end of the war, with high unemployment and political instability. It was characterized by mass strikes, worker manifestations as well as self-management experiments through land and factories occupations. In Turin and Milan, workers councils were formed and many factory occupations took place under the leadership of anarcho-syndicalists. The agitations also extended to the agricultural areas of the Padan plain and were accompanied by peasant strikes, rural unrests and guerrilla conflicts between left-wing and right-wing militias.


1919 Italian general election, Historical background
In the general election, the fragmented Liberal governing coalition lost the absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, due to the success of the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian People's Party. The Socialists of Nicola Bombacci received the most votes in almost every region and especially in Emilia-Romagna (60.0%), Piedmont (49.7%), Lombardy (45.9%), Tuscany (41.7%) and Umbria (46.5%), while the People's Party were the largest party in Veneto (42.6%) and came second in Lombardy (30.1%) and the Liberal lists were stronger in Southern Italy (over 50% in Abruzzo, Campania, Basilicata, Apulia, Calabria and Sicily).


1919 Kalamazoo football team
The 1919 Kalamazoo football team was an American football team that represented Kalamazoo College during the 1919 college football season as a member of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association  (MIAA). The team compiled a 5–2 record, with losses to co-national champion Notre Dame and a 9–1 Detroit Titans team. Kalamazoo went 4–0 in conference play and was crowned the 1919 MIAA champion.


1919 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1919 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1919 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Leon McCarty, the Jayhawks compiled a 3–2–3 record (1–1–1 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 85 to 35. They played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Howard Laslett was the team captain.


1919 Kansas State Farmers football team
The 1919 Kansas State Farmers football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College in the 1919 college football season.


1919 Kendall Orange and Black football team
The 1919 Kendall Orange and Black football team represented Henry Kendall College, which was renamed the University of Tulsa on 1920, during the 1919 college football season. In their first year under head coach Francis Schmidt, the Orange and Black compiled an 8–0–1 record, won the Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 591 to 27. The team opened the season with a 152–0 victory over Oklahoma Baptist and shut out five of nine opponents. Schmidt was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1919 Kentucky Derby
The 1919 Kentucky Derby was the 45th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 10, 1919. Horses Corson and Clermont scratched before the race. Winner Sir Barton went on to win in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes, becoming the first winner of the American Triple Crown.


1919 Kentucky Derby, Pre-race coverage
A New York Times writer believed that the Preakness Stakes was competing for attention with the Derby, as it was held four days following the Derby and offered a purse of $30,000, larger than the Derby's $20,000. The author felt that the three-year old racing horses during the 1919 season were a "good crop" and that the course record of 2:03 2⁄5 set by Old Rosebud in 1914 could be broken. Sennings Park, a horse who stayed through the winter at Churchill Downs, ran a mile at the track in 1:43 3/5, the best time of the season in late April.


1919 Kentucky Derby, Aftermath
For the first time in race history two horses from the same owner finished in first and second place. In addition, Ross became the first Canadian owner to have a horse win the Kentucky Derby.


1919 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1919 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the Kentucky Wildcats of the University of Kentucky during the 1919 college football season.


1919 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 1919 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1919. Republican nominee Edwin P. Morrow defeated Democratic incumbent James D. Black with 53.82% of the vote.


1919 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1919 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 28th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1919 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The championship remains unfinished as the finalists - Tullaroan and Mooncoin - failed to agree on a venue for the final.


1919 Kimball mining disaster
The Kimball mining disaster happened on July 18, 1919, at the Carswell coal mine in Kimball, West Virginia killing six miners. Initial reports said that 221 men had been killed but they were trapped by the explosion. A rescue party was able to dig through the wreckage allowing 215 to return alive to the surface.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election
The Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Kingston upon Hull Central on 29 March 1919. The by-election was the fifth to be held during the 1918-1922 parliament.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant when the Coalition Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Mark Sykes died on 16 February 1919 aged 39, a victim of the Spanish flu pandemic. He had held the seat since winning the 1911 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election on 5 July 1911.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Electoral history
The result at the last general election in 1918 was;


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was set for 29 March 1919, 41 days after the death of the former MP. Nominations closed to confirm that the election would be a two-way contest.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Campaign
Percy immediately received the official endorsement of the Coalition Government.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Campaign
As with the Leyton West by-election 6 weeks earlier, the dominant issue of the campaign was the idea being floated by the Coalition Government of retaining Conscription during peacetime. Kenworthy took a strong line in opposition to continuing conscription. He also argued against the imposition of impossible reparations against Germany. Percy's campaign did little other than express support for the Coalition Government.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Result
According to reports in The Times newspaper, the by-election proved largely uneventful and the parties were expecting a small poll. In the event there was a turnout of 51% which although on the lower end of the spectrum for by-elections of the day, was not the lowest experienced during the 1918–1922 Parliament. Popular opinion was swinging against the coalition government of David Lloyd George and Bonar Law and particularly against the Conservative half of the coalition. As a result, the Liberal candidate, Joseph Kenworthy, gained the seat for his party with a majority of 917 over his Coalition Conservative opponent, Lord Eustace Percy.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Result
British Pathe has newsreel footage of Joseph Kenworthy taken after his election victory.


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Aftermath
Kenworthy went on to hold the seat for the Liberals at the subsequent general election. The result at the following general election in 1922 was;


1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Aftermath
Percy was to find electoral success elsewhere and go on to sit in the Conservative Cabinet of Stanley Baldwin. The proposal for retaining Conscription during peacetime was quickly dropped.


1919 LSU Tigers football team
The 1919 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1919 college football season.


1919 Lafayette football team
The 1919 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In its first season under head coach Jock Sutherland, the team compiled a 6–2 record. John Weldon was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1919 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1919 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Tom Keady, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 192 to 51. The team played its home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1919 Leyton West by-election
The Leyton West by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 March 1919 for the British House of Commons constituency of Leyton West, in the Urban District of Leyton, Essex. The constituency formed part of the Greater London conurbation.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant on the death of the constituency's Coalition Unionist Member of Parliament (MP), Harry Wrightson on 11 February 1919. Wrightson had first been elected at the 1918 general election. Within days of the declaration of poll however, Wrightson contracted influenza, which deteriorated to pneumonia, and he died early in 1919, aged 44, six days before the new Parliament met and so was never able to take his seat.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Candidates
The Unionist Party selected as its candidate James Francis Mason, who was a director of the Great Western Railway and had been MP for Windsor between 1906 and the preceding General Election.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Candidates
Alfred Ernest Newbould stood for the Asquithian Liberals. He had stood against Wrightson at the recent General Election, coming in second with less than half of Wrightson's votes.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Campaign
Mason's campaign sought to repeat the theme of the previous General Election, where Unionists had run solely on the glory of having won the war. Newbould's main campaign points were the abolition of conscription and a crackdown on profiteering  the first policy was said to appeal to men and the second to women. Unfortunately for part of the contest he was confined to bed with a bad cold and his wife was engaged as principal canvasser on his behalf.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Result
On a turnout of 42.5%, (down from the general election turnout of 49.9%) Newbould won what was seen as an important victory for the Asquithian Liberals improving his share of the vote from 32.6% at the general election to 57.3% in the by-election.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Result
According to psephologist John Ramsden, this amounted to a swing of 24.8% and was statistically one of the worst by-election reverses of the 1918–1922 government.


1919 Leyton West by-election, Aftermath
At the 1922 general election, Newbould lost the seat back to the Unionists, and never got back into the House.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
The 1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was the first leadership convention held by a federal political party in Canada. It was originally called by the Liberal leader, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, as a national policy convention with the intention of reinvigorating the Liberal Party after eight years of being in opposition. The convention was also intended to re-unite the party, which had split as a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1917.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
The party had divided into Laurier Liberals, who remained in opposition, and a Liberal–Unionist faction which joined the wartime Union government of Sir Robert Borden in support of conscription. Laurier's death on February 17, 1919 resulted in the meeting being reconfigured as a leadership convention. Previous party leaders in Canada had been chosen by the parliamentary caucus or the outgoing leader. However, the Liberal caucus no longer felt that it was representative of Canada's linguistic and religious diversity and that allowing the entire party to select the leader would result in a more representative choice.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates
There was also an attempt to draft Saskatchewan Premier William Melville Martin, a former Liberal MP, but he declined to run.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates
King had run as a Laurier Liberal in the 1917 federal election but was defeated. Fielding, who had long been seen as Laurier's natural successor, had opposed Laurier's stand on conscription and had returned to the House of Commons in 1917 as a Liberal–Unionist MP supporting the Borden government but declining the offer of a cabinet position. Graham had sat out of the 1917 election and McKenzie had run and kept his seat as a Laurier Liberal.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Convention
Voting delegates were made up of Senators, MPs, defeated candidates, premiers and provincial party leaders, presidents of provincial Liberal associations, and three delegates from each riding. Nominations were accepted in writing until the first ballot began at 3:45 pm. King lead Fielding on the first and second ballots. Graham and McKenzie withdrew in quick succession leading to the cancellation of the third and fourth ballots, respectively, which had already been underway when the successive withdrawals occurred. On the final ballot King defeated Fielding by 38 votes.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Convention
King was supported by labour elements, Quebec delegates, and the left-wing of the party. Fielding, who openly opposed the radical platform adopted by the convention, threatened to seek support from the parliamentary caucus for rejection of the platform. He was opposed by many Quebec delegates as well as delegates from his home province of Nova Scotia due to his previous stance on conscription and was supported by the right wing of the party, many western Canadian delegates, and the business establishment in Montreal.


1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Results
Graham withdrew while voting for the third ballot was underway. McKenzie withdrew while voting for the fourth ballot was in process. Votes were not counted for either one, and the convention proceeded directly to the fifth ballot.


1919 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia in 1919. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for Charles D. B. King of the True Whig Party. King took office on 5 January 1920.


1919 Liechtenstein referendum
A double referendum was held in Liechtenstein on 2 March 1919. Voters were asked whether they approved of increasing the number of directly elected members of the Landtag from 12 to 17, and whether the voting age should be lowered from 24 to 21. Both proposals were rejected by 54.8% of voters.


1919 Liga Peruana de Football
The 1918 Primera División was the eighth season of top-flight Peruvian football. A total of 14 teams competed in the league, The champion was Sport Alianza.


1919 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1919 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 27th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1919 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Croom won the championship after a 1-01 to 1-00 defeat of Fedamore in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1908.


1919 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 1 November 1919.


1919 Liverpool City Council election
One third of the council seats were up for election. The term of office for each councillor being three years.


1919 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections 10 November 1919
Caused by the death on 9 September 1919 of Alderman John Duncan JP (Conservative, last elected as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1913)


1919 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections 10 November 1919
In his place, Councillor Frederick Thomas Richardson (Labour, Edge Hill, elected unopposed 1 November 1914) Postal Official of 10 Fairfield Street, Liverpool was elected by the Council as an alderman on 10 November 1919.


1919 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections 10 November 1919
On 10 November 1919, Councillor William Albert Robinson (Labour, Garston, elected unopposed 1 November 1914) Trades Union Official of 13 St. Andrew Road, was elected by the Council as the first alderman for the Fazakerley ward.


1919 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections 10 November 1919, Aldermanic Election 7 July 1920
Caused by the resignation of Alderman Robert Stephen Porter(Conservative, appointed by the Council as an alderman on 9 November 1916), which was reported to the Council on 5 May 1920


1919 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections 10 November 1919, Aldermanic Election 7 July 1920
In his place, Councillor John George Moyles JP (Party?, ward?, elected?) of 2 Bedford Road, Walton was elected, by the Council as an alderman on 7 July 1920


1919 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 18 Edge Hill, 26 November 1919
Caused by the election as an alderman, by the council of Councillor Frederick Thomas Richardson (Labour, Edge Hill, elected unopposed 1 November 1914) on 10 November 1919, following the death on 9 September 1919 of Alderman John Duncan JP (Conservative, last elected as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1913)


1919 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 37 Garston, 26 November 1919
Caused by the election, by the Council, as an alderman on 10 November 1919 of Councillor William Albert Robinson (Labour, Garston, elected unopposed 1 November 1914).


1919 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 24 Sefton Park West
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Herbert Reynolds Rathbone(Liberal, elected unopposed 1 November 1919) which was reported to the Council on 7 July 1920.


1919 Liverpool West Derby by-election
The Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held on 26 February 1919 for the British House of Commons constituency of Liverpool West Derby, in the County Palatine of Lancashire.


1919 Liverpool West Derby by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant on the elevation to the peerage of the constituency's Unionist Member of Parliament (MP), F. E. Smith, as Baron Birkenhead. He had been raised to the peerage to take up the post of Lord Chancellor, an action described by the left wing Morning Post as "carrying a joke too far".


1919 Liverpool West Derby by-election, Electoral history
Smith had held the seat since the 1918 general election, when he was endorsed by the Coalition Government. Before that he held its predecessor seat, Liverpool Walton since the 1906 general election.


1919 Liverpool West Derby by-election, Results
Turnout was unsurprisingly low so soon after a General Election. Hall won the seat by a much reduced margin.


1919 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1919 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the ninth edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 28 September 1919. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Léon Devos.


1919 Llandeilo Rural District Council election
An election to the Llandeilo Rural District Council was held in March 1919. It was preceded by the 1913 election due to the postponement of the 1916 election due to the First World War, and was followed by the 1922 election. The successful candidates were also elected to the Llandeilo Board of Guardians.


1919 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Overview of the result
The majority of those candidates elected stood without party affiliations although an increased number of Labour candidates contested the industrial wards. As in previous elections a number of the members representing rural wards were returned unopposed.


1919 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Ward results, Llansawel (two seats)
This was the only contest in a rural ward at the election.


1919 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Llandeilo Board of Guardians
All members of the District Council also served as members of Llandeilo Board of Guardians. In addition, three Guardians were elected to represent the Ammanford Urban District and another three to represent the Cwmamman Urban District, both of  which also lay within the remit of the Llandeilo Guardians. A further three Guardians were elected to represent the Llandeilo Urban District.


1919 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Llandeilo Board of Guardians
Elected candidates at both Ammanford and Cwmamman stood specifically as Liberals, in contrast to the non-political nature of previous Guardians elections.


1919 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Llandeilo Board of Guardians, Ammanford (three seats)
The three sitting members, including Henry Herbert, a Guardian for nearly forty years, were re-elected.


1919 London County Council election
An election to the County Council of London took place on 6 March 1919. It was the tenth triennial election of the whole Council. The size of the council was increased to 124 councillors and 20 aldermen. The councillors were elected for electoral divisions corresponding to the new parliamentary constituencies that had been created by the Representation of the People Act 1918. There were 60 dual-member constituencies and one four-member constituency. The council was elected by First Past the Post, with each elector having two votes in the dual-member seats.


1919 London County Council election, National government background
The prime minister of the day was the Liberal David Lloyd George. who had just led a Coalition Government that included the Unionist Party and some Liberals and Socialists to a general election victory three months earlier, with the help of a Coalition government 'coupon'.


1919 London County Council election, London Council background
Although the Municipal Reform party had won an overall majority at the last elections in 1913, in line with national politics, they decided late in 1917 to form a war-time coalition to mirror the national government. Some Progressive Party members were offered chairmanships of committees. This coalition had continued after the war ended.


1919 London County Council election, Candidates
There was no County wide electoral agreements between any of the parties, though clearly there had been some locally agreed situations. There were very few constituencies where all three parties stood two candidates. In the past, the Progressive Party had encompassed the Labour Party, with candidates running in harness. That situation was becoming less common. A few Progressive candidates ran in harness with Municipal Reform candidates but there was no 'coupon' in operation for the two 'coalition parties' who frequently ran candidates against each other. Among the defeated candidates were future Labour Leader Clement Attlee and future Conservative Chief Whip David Margesson


1919 London County Council election, Outcome
The Municipal Reform Party won an overall majority of seats, electing 68 councillors. They only lost one seat, to an Independent candidate. (The defeated candidate was made an Alderman after the election) As before they decided to operate a form of Coalition with the Progressives. Labour made a substantial advance in terms of seats, but remained the third party. There was just one Independent elected.


1919 London County Council election, Aldermen
In addition to the 124 councillors the council consisted of 20 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Half of the aldermanic bench were elected every three years following the triennial council election. After the elections, there were eleven Aldermanic vacancies and the following Alderman were appointed by the newly elected council;


1919 London County Council election, By-elections 1919–1922
There were five by-elections to fill casual vacancies during the term of the tenth London County Council.


1919 London County Council election, Aldermanic vacancies filled 1919–1922
There were six casual vacancies among the aldermen in the term of the tenth London County Council, which were filled as follows:


1919 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1919 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on May 6, 1919, with a run-off election on June 3, 1919. Incumbent Frederick T. Woodman was defeated by Meredith P. Snyder. Snyder, mayor of Los Angeles from 1896–98 and 1900–04, was elected to a third non-consecutive term.


1919 Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1919 Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Industrial Institute—now known as Louisiana Tech University—as a member of the Louisiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association (LIAA) during the 1919 college football season. Led by Percy S. Prince, who returned for his eighth and final season as head coach after helming the team from 1909 to 1915, Louisiana Industrial compiled an overall record of 0–3.


1919 Luxembourg general election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 26 October 1919. They were the first held after several constitutional amendments were passed on 15 May of the same year. The reforms had introduced universal suffrage and proportional representation, increased the electorate from 6% of the population to 42%, and vested national sovereignty in the people, as opposed to the Grand Duke. They were also the first elections held after the German occupation during World War I.


1919 Luxembourg general election
The election saw the beginning of conservative dominance of Luxembourgian politics, ending seventy years of liberal dominance that had begun to crumble after the death of Paul Eyschen. With the constitutional reforms and the birth of the modern political order, the elections are considered the first in the modern political history of Luxembourg.


1919 Luxembourg general election, Results
The election was an overwhelming victory for the Party of the Right, led by Émile Reuter, the sitting Prime Minister. The 1919 general election was the only occasion in Luxembourgian history on which a party has held more than 50% of the seats (although it was repeated in the partial election of 1922). Reuter would maintain a coalition with the Liberal League (which ran under the name "Radical Party") for another two years, before forming the first single-party cabinet on 15 April 1921.


1919 Luxembourg referendum
A double referendum took place in Luxembourg on 28 September 1919. Voters were asked questions on their preferred head of state and whether there should be an economic union with either France or Belgium. The majority voted to retain Grand Duchess Charlotte as head of state, and for economic union with France.


1919 Luxembourg referendum, Outcome
Both results were seen as being highly indicative of the country's will, and were acted upon. The result in favour of the monarchy was seen to be a Wilsonian act of self-determination, in opposition to the 'French' republic or the imposition of the Belgian dynasty. By defeating both of these prospects, the referendum result put a clear end to the Allied Powers' discussion of Luxembourg's destiny.


1919 Luxembourg referendum, Outcome
The political result was to have settled the national question, left the Grand Duchess as the incarnation of the nation itself, and settled the republican issue once and for all, as although the monarchy still had its detractors, particularly amongst socialists, its importance as a political issue waned considerably. An exception was the city of Esch-sur-Alzette, in which the majority (55%) voted for becoming a republic. In Luxembourg City only 33% voted for a republic.


1919 Luxembourg referendum, Outcome
The economic question was more difficult for the government to implement. Indeed, since 1917, France had promised Belgium free rein (economically) in Luxembourg, and had informally precluded a customs union, but negotiations with the French government proceeded nonetheless, before collapsing in May 1920. This prompted the government to turn to Belgium, and within a year, negotiations had been settled, and a treaty signed on 25 July 1921 to create the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (UEBL). Due to the referendum result, and a lingering distrust of Belgium's political motives, the public in Luxembourg greatly resented the treaty. However, the treaty was still successfully ratified by the Chamber of Deputies on 22 December 1922, with 27 votes for, 13 against, and 8 in abstention.


1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama
Miles (or Relius) Phifer and Robert Crosky were lynched in Montgomery, Alabama for allegedly assaulting a white woman.


1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama, Lynching of Phifer and Crosky
In August or September of 1919 Miles Phifer and Robert Crosky were arrested over allegations they assaulted two white women in separate incidents in Montgomery, Alabama. The Gadsden Daily Times-News reported that the two had confessed to the assaults. A mob had formed and a concerned citizen notified Alabama's Governor Thomas Kilby that there might be a lynching. Kilby ordered the two to be transferred to the relative safety of prison in Wetumpka, Alabama.


1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama, Lynching of Phifer and Crosky
On September 29, 1919, the sheriff and his deputies were transporting Phifer and Crosky when they were stopped by a white mob, of about 25 masked men. The deputies stood by as the men pulled the two out of the car. They were taken into the wilderness 5 miles (8.0 km) out of Montgomery, Alabama and told to run. As Phifer and Crosky sprinted away from the mob they were gunned down. Croskey was instantly killed, but Phifer lived for a few hours. Phifer and Crosky were discharged soldiers and Phifer was still in his uniform when he was killed.


1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama, Lynching of John Temple
On 2 AM on September 30, 1919, a day after the lynching of Phifer and Crosky, John Temple was lynched in a hospital for allegedly fatally wounding Policeman Barbaree. The two events were not linked.


1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama, Aftermath
These lynchings were one of several incidents of civil unrest that are now known as the American Red Summer of 1919. Attacks on black communities and white oppression spread to more than three dozen cities and counties. In most cases, white mobs attacked African American neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the Elaine race riot in Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 blacks and 5 whites were killed. Other major events of Red Summer were the Chicago race riot and Washington D.C. Race Riot, which caused 38 and 39 deaths, respectively. Both riots had many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage reaching up into the millions of dollars.


1919 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1919 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1919 college football season. In its first season under head coach James A. Baldwin, the team compiled a 6–1 record. Clyde Stewart was the team captain.


1919 Major League Baseball season
The 1919 Major League Baseball season, is best remembered for the Black Sox Scandal, in which the Chicago White Sox threw (purposely lost) the World Series to the Cincinnati Reds, 5–3, in order to illegally gain money from gambling. This scandal resulted in commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banning eight players from baseball for life. The season began on April 19, 1919, when the Brooklyn Robins defeated the Boston Braves 5–2 at Braves Field in the first game of a doubleheader. The regular season ended on September 29 with the New York Yankees defeating the Philadelphia Athletics 4–2 at Shibe Park, with the infamous 1919 World Series opening two days later in Cincinnati.


1919 Major League Baseball season
Each team played a 140-game schedule, facing the seven other teams in the same league 20 times apiece. A 140-game schedule had last been used in 1903; the 154-game schedule was re-instituted in 1920.


1919 Major League Baseball season, Managing changes, Field managers, Off-season changes
Only one team announced a new manager in the offseason:


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election
The Manchester Rusholme by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held in October 1919 for the British House of Commons constituency of Manchester Rusholme. The by-election was important for shaping the future Labour Party attitude to electoral relations with the Liberal Party.


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election, Vacancy
In September 1919 the Conservative MP Robert Burdon Stoker died. He had previously represented Manchester South since March 1918. At the 1918 general election he had been in receipt of the Coalition Government coupon.


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election, Electoral history
The seat was created for the 1918 general election partly out of the Unionist/Liberal marginal seat of Manchester South and partly out of the Liberal seat of Stretford. The result at the last general election was;


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election, Campaign
The election campaign took place during the great railway strike of 1919. Dunstan, the Labour candidate, sought to appeal to the centre ground by calling for widespread abolition of economic war-time restrictions. Pringle, the Liberal candidate, came out in support of Labour's policy of a capital levy, something that was not Liberal policy. It has been suggested that this stance may have cost him votes, lost to the Unionist candidate. Pringle advocated economic retrenchment to appeal to Unionist voters and also the nationalization of the railways and mines to appeal to Labour voters.


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election, Result
The turnout for the by-election was up on the last general election. The Unionists managed to hold the seat. Their support had fallen, but not much because of the intervention of the National Party. The Labour candidate did particularly well and pushed the Liberal candidate into third place.


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election, Result
The relative success of the Labour party in such a constituency encouraged them to field candidates in further Unionist/Liberal marginals rather than seek to reconstruct the Progressive Alliance.


1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election, Aftermath
Thorpe sat until his defeat to the Liberals in 1923. His son Jeremy Thorpe, became Leader of the Liberal party. Dunstan continued to be unsuccessful in his bid to enter parliament. Pringle made a successful return to the House in 1922, winning Penistone for the Liberals. Crewdson's political career ended here. The result at the following general election saw the Liberals regain second place;


1919 Manx general election
General elections were held in the Isle of Man between 27 October and 6 November 1919. Independent candidates won a majority of seats in the House of Keys.


1919 Manx general election, Electoral system
The 24 members of the House of Keys were elected from 11 constituencies, which had between one and three seats.


1919 Manx general election, Campaign
A total of 47 candidates contested the elections; 28 independents, 11 from the Manx Labour Party, 5 from the National Party and three from the Liberal Party. There was only one candidate in Castletown, who was elected unopposed.


1919 Manx general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, W.C. Southward (Ayre), J.R. Kerruish (Garff), J. Cunningham (Douglas North) and J. Qualtrough (Rushen) were elevated to the Legislative Council. By-elections were subsequently held for their replacements in mid-December:


1919 Marion Cadets football team
The 1919 Marion Cadets football team was an American football team that represented the Marion Military Institute as an independent during the 1919 college football season. The in their fourth season under head coach Blandy Clarkson, the Cadets compiled an overall record of 3–6. Coach Clarkson left Marion in February 1920 to become head coach at VMI.


1919 Marquette Hilltoppers football team
The 1919 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In its third season under head coach John J. Ryan, the team compiled a 5–1–2 record.


1919 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1919 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall University in the 1919 college football season. In the first season resuming football after not fielding a team in 1918 due to World War I, Marshall posted an undefeated 8–0 record, outscoring its opposition 302–13. Home games were played on a campus field called "Central Field" which is presently Campus Commons.


1919 Maryland State Aggies football team
The 1919 Maryland State Aggies football team represented Maryland State College (which in 1920 became part of the University of Maryland) in the 1919 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Curley Byrd, the Aggies compiled a 5–4 record, and outscored their opponents 93 to 74. The team defeated Virginia (13–0), St. John's College (19–14), and Catholic University (13–0), but lost to Swarthmore (6–10), West Virginia (0–27), Virginia Tech (0–6), and Yale (0–31). In the final game of the season, the Aggies won the Maryland state championship by defeating Johns Hopkins by a 13 to 0 score in Baltimore.


1919 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1919 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1919. Democratic nominee Albert Ritchie defeated Republican nominee Harry Nice with 49.06% of the vote.


1919 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1919 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1919 college football season. The team was coached by Harold Gore and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1919 season was Gore's first as head coach of the Aggies and the team's first season since disbanding during World War I. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 5–2–1.


1919 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1919 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1919. This was the last gubernatorial election before the governor's term was extended to two years and the first election following the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which granted women the right to vote.


1919 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
Governor Calvin Coolidge was re-elected over Framingham businessman Richard Long in a landslide. This was a rematch of the previous year's contest. Coolidge would be elected Vice President of the United States in 1920 and succeed President Warren Harding upon Harding's death.


1919 Massachusetts legislature
The 140th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1919.


1919 Massillon Tigers season
The 1919 Massillon Tigers football season  was their last season in existence. The Tigers 1918 season was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I and the Spanish flu pandemic. The team would be represented by Ralph Hay at the formation of the National Football League in 1920, however the league was unable to find a buyer for the Tigers.


1919 Mecklenburg-Schwerin state election
The 1919 Mecklenburg-Schwerin state election was held on 26 January 1919 to elect the 64 members of the Landtag of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.


1919 Mecklenburg-Strelitz state election
The 1919Mecklenburg-Strelitz state election was held on 30 March 1919 to elect the 35 members of the Landtag of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.


1919 Memorial Cup
The 1919 Memorial Cup final was the first junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions University of Toronto Schools of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the South Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a two-game, total goal series, held at the Arena Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, the University of Toronto Schools won the 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Regina 29 goals to 8.


1919 Memorial Cup
The final game was delayed by nearly an hour-and-a-half. There were parades in Toronto the same day — for Canadian regiments just returning home from the First World War — and fans were late to their seats because of them.


1919 Memorial Cup, Winning roster
Jack Aggett, Donald Gunn, Steve Greey, Don Jeffery, Richard Kearns, Dunc Munro, Langton Rowell, Joe Sullivan. Coach: Frank Carroll


1919 Mercer Baptists football team
The 1919 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1919 college football season. The team played just two games, losing both badly. The team was optimistic before the Florida game.


1919 Miami Redskins football team
The 1919 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1919 college football season. In its second season under head coach George Little, Miami compiled a 7–1 record (7–1 against conference opponents) and finished in fourth place out of 16 teams in the OAC.


1919 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1919 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1919 college football season. In their tenth non-consecutive year under head coach Chester Brewer (Brewer previously coached the Aggies from 1903 to 1910 and in 1917), the Aggies compiled a 4–4–1 record and outscored their opponents 132 to 99.


1919 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1919 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1919 college football season. In their second non-consecutive season under head coach Elton Rynearson, the Normalites compiled a record of 4–2–1 and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 73 to 44. Clifford D. Crane was the team captain.


1919 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1919 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the Big Ten Conference during the 1919 college football season. In its 19th season under head coach Fielding H. Yost, the Wolverines compiled a 3–4 record – the only losing season in Yost's 30-year career as a head football coach. The team was outscored by a total of 102 to 93 and finished in a tie for seventh place in the Big Ten. After winning three of four games to start the season, the team lost its final three games against Chicago, Illinois, and Minnesota.


1919 Michigan Wolverines football team
Left tackle Angus Goetz was the team captain. Other notable players included quarterback Cliff Sparks, center/fullback Ernie Vick,  halfback Archie Weston, left end Robert J. Dunne. Murray Van Wagoner, who later served as Governor of Michigan in the early 1940s, also started one game at left guard.


1919 Middle Tennessee State Normal football team
The 1919 Middle Tennessee State Normal football team represented the Middle Tennessee State Normal School (now known as Middle Tennessee State University) during the 1919 college football season. The team captain was Rupert Smith.


1919 Milan–San Remo
The 1919 Milan–San Remo was the 12th edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 6 April 1919. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Angelo Gremo.


1919 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1919 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1919 college football season. In their 20th year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 4–2–1 record (3–2 against Big Ten Conference opponents). The 1919 team finished in a tie for fourth place in the Big Ten. Halfback Arnold Oss was named All-Big Ten first team.


1919 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1919 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1919 college football season.


1919 Mississippi Normal Normalites football team
The 1919 Mississippi Normal Normalites football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Normal College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In their first year under head coach Cephus Anderson, the team compiled a 4–1–2 record.


1919 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1919 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1919, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Theodore G. Bilbo was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate won in a landslide in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.


1919 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
No candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 4 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by Lieutenant Governor Lee M. Russell, who defeated Oscar G. Johnston.


1919 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election
In the general election, Russell easily defeated Socialist candidate J. T. Lester, who was also the party's nominee in 1915.


1919 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1919 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1919 college football season. The team compiled a 5–1–2 record (4–0–1 against MVC opponents), won the championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 91 to 42. John F. Miller was the head coach for his first and only season. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1919 Montana State Bobcats football team
The 1919 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented the Montana State College (later renamed Montana State University) during the 1919 college football season. In its first season under head coach Walter D. Powell, the team compiled a 1–3–1 record (0–3 against conference opponents) and was outscored by a total of 97 to 49.


1919 Montana football team
The 1919 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1919 college football season. They were led by first-year head coach Bernie Bierman, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of two wins, three losses and two ties (2–3–2).


1919 Morningside Maroons football team
The 1919 Morningside Maroons football team was an American football that represented Morningside College during the 1919 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Jason M. Saunderson, the team compiled a 5–2 record.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy
The 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy was a long distance convoy (described as a Motor Truck Trip with a "Truck Train") carried out by the U.S. Army Motor Transport Corps that drove over 3,000 mi (4,800 km) on the historic Lincoln Highway from Washington, D.C., to Oakland, California and then by ferry over to end in San Francisco.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy
Lt . Col. Charles W. McClure and Capt. Bernard H. McMahon were the respective expedition and train commanders and civilian Henry C. Ostermann of the Lincoln Highway Association was the pilot (guide). Official observers included those from the Air Service, A.S.A.P., Coast and Field Artillery, Medical Corps, Ordnance, Signal Corps and Tank Corps including the then Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower later said he joined the convoy "partly for a lark, and partly to learn."


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Organization
The Signal Corps filmed convoy events; and the civilians of the Goodyear band were transported from Chicago in one of the trucks. The Publicity Officer (Lt William B Doron) rode with Ostermann 2–10 days ahead of the main body, while the Recruiting Officer (Capt Murphy) was 1–2 days ahead, and the Cook and Mess units were several hours ahead, Two motorcycles scouted about 1⁄2 hour ahead to report conditions and place markers.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Organization
The 5th Engineers' Company E of 2 officers and 20 men headed the main body with the artillery's 51⁄2 ton Mack truck carrying a 5-ton Maxwell tractor (22,450 lbs total) in the lead followed by the machine shop and blacksmith shop trucks, and the Quartermaster Corps' Service Park Unit 595 of 1 officer and 43 men brought up the rear ("often separated from the main body" while servicing disabled vehicles).


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Organization
In addition to 230 road incidents  (stops for adjustments, extrications, breakdowns, & accidents) resulting in 9 vehicles retiring, the convoy of "24 expeditionary officers, 15 War Department staff observation officers, and 258 enlisted men" had 21 injured en route who did not complete the trip. Although some "were really competent drivers" by the end, the majority of soldiers were "raw recruits with little or no military training"; and except for the Motor Supply Company E commander (1st Lt Daniel H. Martin), troop officers had "meager knowledge" of "handling men in the field".


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Equipment
In addition to engineer and quartermaster units; the convoy had 2 truck companies of the 433rd Motor Supply Train; a medical unit with surgeon, medical, and dental officers; and a Field Artillery Detachment which provided the Maxwell crawler tractor  operated by a civilian. The 81 total vehicles and trailers included "34 heavy cargo trucks, 4 light delivery trucks", 2 mobile machine shops, 1 blacksmith shop, and 1 wrecking truck, actually a Millitor "Artillery Wheeled Tractor" that once towed 9 trucks at once and was equipped with a power winch.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Equipment
There were "2 spare parts stores, 2 water tanks, 1 gasoline tank, 1 searchlight with electrical power plant truck, 4 kitchen trailers, 8 touring cars, 1 reconnaissance car, 2 staff observation cars, 5 sidecar motorcycles, and 4 solo motorcycles"; as well as five GMC ambulances with two ambulance trailers,  (left in Omaha). Additional vehicle manufacturers included Cadillac, Dodge, F.W.D., Garford, Harley-Davidson & Indian (motorcycles), Liberty (trucks & a 2-wheel kitchen cart), Mack, Packard, Riker, Standardized, Trailmobile (two 4-wheel kitchen trailers), and White.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Equipment
The heavy trucks included three examples of each of three wartime commercial models in the 3 to 5-1/2 ton range being considered for continued service (FWD, Mack and Riker) along with eleven 1-1/2 ton trucks from Garford, GMC, Packard and White. The four "light delivery trucks" were 3/4 ton Dodges and the remainder were 3 ton Class B Standardized Military "Liberty" trucks. Dealers en route supplied gasoline and tires to the convoy and the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company provided 2 trucks (Packard & White, each 2-ton) fitted with "giant cord pneumatic" tires that carried spare standard tires. One Firestone truck detoured to Reno, Nevada, to have a new giant tire mounted. Six vehicles were chosen to evaluate Dixon's Graphite Grease to see if it provided worthwhile benefits.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
In the course of its journey, the convoy broke and repaired dozens of wooden bridges (14 in Wyoming alone)  and "practically" all roadways were unpaved from Illinois through Nevada. Dust was a constant problem. The convoy travelled up to 32 mph (51 km/h), and the schedule was for 18 mph (29 km/h) to average 15 mph (24 km/h). The actual average for the 3,250 mi (5,230 km) covered in 573.5 hours was 5.65 mph (9.09 km/h) over the 56 travel days for an average of 10.24 hours per travel day.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
Six rest days without convoy travel were at East Palestine, Ohio; Chicago Heights, Illinois; Denison, Iowa; North Platte, Nebraska; Laramie, Wyoming; and Carson City, Nevada.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
The shortest driving periods between control points were from Council Bluffs, Iowa, to Omaha, Nebraska (2 hrs for 5 mi) and Delphos, Ohio, to Fort Wayne, Indiana (6 hrs for 51 mi), while 4 days had average speeds over 9 mph (14 km/h): E Palestine OH to Wooster OH (9 hr for 83 mi), South Bend IN to Chicago Heights Il (83⁄4 hr for 80 mi), Jefferson IA to Denison IA (71⁄2 hr for 68 mi), and Anderson's Ranch NV to Ely NV (8 hr for 77 mi).


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
Inexperience caused a great deal of unnecessary delays and breakdowns in the early going. Both Lt. Jackson and Lt. Colonel Eisenhower described the Motor Transport Corps soldiers as raw and undisciplined though Jackson also reported that they were generally well behaved. The officers and men of the Engineer, Medical and Ordinance (maintenance) detachments were described as more experienced and better trained. Both Eisenhower and Jackson reported that organization and discipline improved over the course of the expedition.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
After a few weeks on the road, the most skilled and responsible men were assigned as drivers or co-drivers of specific vehicles with full responsibility for their operations and maintenance. A preventative maintenance routine of evening servicing and morning inspections was instituted to reduce preventable breakdowns. Eisenhower reported that the experience gained on the relatively good roads in the earlier, easier part of the trip proved invaluable in the heavier going further west. Lt . Jackson reported that the assignment of a dedicated mess officer in Nebraska greatly improved the food for the second half of the journey.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
The convoy was proceeded by a publicity officer travelling one day ahead by automobile to prepare for the arrival of the main body. Two junior officers scouted ahead of the main body on motorcycles, signaling the route to the rest of the convoy using a simple but effective system of blue paper triangles tacked to trees and fences. The other motorcycles were used to carry messages up and down the length of the convoy. The Engineer detachment led the main body with the 5-1/2 ton Mack that carried the Artillery detachment’s Maxwell crawler tractor.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
As the largest and most heavily laden vehicle, it was most likely to get stuck, and the crawler and the engineers would be readily at hand to extract it. The engineers were responsible for inspecting each bridge as the convoy came to it. Weak bridges were reinforced or repaired, sometimes after a truck fell through them. Bridges too small or weak for the Mack had to be bypassed. The Ordinance detachment brought up the rear, repairing or towing disabled vehicles as necessary. The trucks generally carried full capacity loads as one of the goals of the expedition was testing their performance.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
At many stops along the way, the convoy was escorted into town by local dignitaries and feted with church bells, parades, concerts, picnics, dances and banquets. For example, the log entry for 18 July reads (in part) "At 8:00 A. M. halted by request in Churubusco, Ind for 10 min., while refreshments were served by local Red Cross Canteen Service. Met and escorted through South Bend by Major [sic] F.R. Carson, Chief of Policy [sic] Peter Kline, Fire Chief I.A. Sorbell, Secretary Chamber of Commerce Jos. F. Kelley, Reception Comm.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations
of prominent citizens, 3 Fire Companies and two bands, furnished by the Chamber of Commerce and the Goodrich Company." One pedestrian was struck, non-fatally, in Valparaiso, Indiana. In western Wyoming, Eisenhower and a companion convinced the convoy that an Indian attack was imminent. Sentinels were posted that night, but when Ike and friend exchanged warrior yelps outside the perimeter, a young officer on guard discharged his weapon. They had to stop a telegram being sent to the War Office reporting an encounter with hostile Indians.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations, Delays
Convoy delays required extra encampments at Sewickley, Pennsylvania ( 11/12 July); Gothenburg, Nebraska ( 2/3 August);  and Ogallala, Nebraska (5/6); which delayed arrival at Evanston, Wyoming, to 16 August instead of the scheduled 13 August. To the next control point, the convoy travelled 166 miles (267 km) instead of the planned 88 and used extra camps at Echo, Utah (17/18), and Ogden, Utah (18/19); arriving at Salt Lake City on the 19th (vice the 14th).


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations, Delays
Despite travelling on 24 August rest day, the convoy fell behind an additional day using 4 travel days instead of the 2 scheduled travel days from  Orr's Ranch, Utah, through the Great Salt Lake Desert to Ely, Nevada; where the convoy arrived on the 24th (v. 18th). An extra travel day on "mining roads" was used between Ely and Austin, Nevada; where the convoy arrived on the 27th (v. 20th), 348 mi (560 km) short of the scheduled point for the 27th (Sacramento).


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Operations, Delays
The convoy remained 7 days behind schedule through Oakland, California, where it arrived 5 September at 4 pm (v. the 29th). Forgoing a rest day originally scheduled for the day after arriving in Oakland, the convoy instead ferried to San Francisco the next morning 6 days behind schedule and parked at the Presidio of San Francisco.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Results
In addition to transporting New York's Medal of Joan of Arc for San Francisco's Palace of Fine Arts, the convoy had four objectives; and Ordnance Department and Tank Corps observers completed their reports in October. The objectives were:


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Results
Lt. Colonel Eisenhower went on note that the variety of vehicles made it difficult to keep the convoy together and none of the vehicles had been properly tested or adjusted before starting out, which along with the raw nature of the troops caused a lot of unnecessary stops and breakdowns. He noted that the convoy commander was not given time to train his men and recommended that "...the M.T.C. should pay more attention to disciplinary drills for officers and men, and that all should be intelligent, snappy soldiers before giving them the responsibility of operating trucks."


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Results
Eisenhower also dedicated much of his report to a detailed summary of road conditions in each of the states that the convoy traversed, followed by general observations on proper road construction and maintenance, observing that some of the good roads were too narrow and some formerly excellent roads had been allowed to deteriorate without maintenance, stating "In such cases it seems evident that a very small amount of money spent at the proper time would have kept the road in good condition."


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Results
Lt. Jackson, the Ordnance Department Observer, submitted a detailed report on the performance of all of the convoy's vehicles. The Cadillac and Dodge passenger cars and light trucks were found to be generally satisfactory, though the hood latches on the Dodge proved insufficiently durable. Of the transport trucks, the FWD proved the most satisfactory and the Garford the least, the former due to its mechanical reliability and all wheel drive and the latter due to a fragile cooling system, though the Standard B "Liberty" trucks were actually the most towed trucks in the convoy.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Results
The White, GMC, Riker, Packard and Mack trucks also proved satisfactory, though the latter's chain drive rendered them unsuitable for poor roads, and the larger motorcycles would have benefitted from more robust tires. Most of the failures that were not caused by operator error (primarily poor lubrication and over-revving on downgrades) were due to the effects of the constant dust, vibration and pounding on the carburetors, ignition systems, bushings, fasteners and bearings. The various trailers were also evaluated (most received failing grades) and the graphite grease was determined to provide significant benefits.


1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, Results
Finally, the Maxwell and Militor tractors were praised for their overall reliability and mechanical superiority, as the trip could not have been completed without them. Lt . Jackson also noted "The maintenance work was considerably hampered by the necessity of carrying spare parts for so many different makes of trucks" and "better tools should be furnished to the mechanics".


1919 Mount Union Purple football team
The 1919 Mount Union Purple football team was an American football team that represented Mount Union College (now known as University of Mount Union) during the 1919 college football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC). Led by George O'Brien in his third and final year as head coach, Mount Union compiled a record of 1–7 overall with a mark of 0–5 in OAC play.


1919 NC State Aggies football team
The 1919 North Carolina State Aggies football team represented the NC State Aggies of North Carolina State University during the 1919 college football season. A year after losing to Georgia Tech 128 to 0, the Aggies achieve their largest win margin in program history, a 100–0 shutout of Hampton Roads Navy, one of the many highlights of NC State's turnaround 1919 season. NC State went 3–1 against conference opponents, playing North Carolina for the first time since 1905, and losing by a single point. For the first time, NC State achieved a seven-win season, which was be surpassed until 1927.


1919 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The 1919 College Basketball All-American team, as chosen retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation. The player highlighted in gold was chosen as the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year retroactively in 1944.


1919 NCAA baseball season
The 1919 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1919. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.


1919 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners
This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1919 season.


1919 NSWRFL season
The 1919 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the twelfth season of Sydney’s professional rugby league club competition, Australia’s first. Eight teams from across the city contested during the season, with Balmain finishing on top of the ladder to claim the premiership.


1919 NSWRFL season, Season summary
Balmain and Eastern Suburbs dominated the 14-round season, dropping just two and three games respectively. Balmain were undefeated after eight rounds but a mid-year Australian tour to New Zealand saw the black and golds lose their representative stars and their lead was lost to Eastern Suburbs for one week late in the season.


1919 NSWRFL season, Season summary
With eleven rounds played, Balmain led Eastern Suburbs by one point on the ladder but relinquished this lead by losing their round 12 match against Glebe as Eastern Suburbs beat winless Annandale 28–0. This meant Eastern Suburbs now led by one point with two rounds to play. However, they lost the very next round 15–12 to South Sydney, who had won just four of their twelve previous matches. Meanwhile, Balmain managed to beat Newtown 18–5, giving them the one point advantage heading into the final round.


1919 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The final match of the season turned out to be the decider for the premiership, with the top two teams playing one another at the Royal Agricultural Society Ground. The winner of the match would take out the premiership, whilst a draw would give Balmain the title. At the end of the day, it was the goal kicking of Balmain's Les Wall that secured the premiership, with a 13–4 win over Eastern Suburbs. Five of Wall’s attempts hit the post that day, but four crossed the bar and won Balmain the title. Members of the Balmain premiership winning side included Bob Craig and Bill Kelly.


1919 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The City Cup was won by Wests for the second consecutive season.


1919 NYU Violets football team
The 1919 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In their only year under head coach John Longwell, the team compiled a 4–4 record.


1919 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1919 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1919 college football season. In their third season under head coach Gil Dobie, the Midshipmen compiled a 7–1 record, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 298 to 18.


1919 Navy Midshipmen football team
After cancellation in 1917 and 1918 due to World War I, the annual Army–Navy Game was played on November 29 at the Polo Grounds in New York City; Navy won 6–0.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nebraska as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In its first season under head coach Henry Schulte, the team compiled a 3–3–2 record and was outscored by a total of 60 to 56. The team played its home games at Nebraska Field in Lincoln, Nebraska.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
After the disarray of the 1918 season, 1919 looked like it could be defined as the ultimate rebuilding year, for all college teams. Nebraska's previous coach, hurriedly installed last year as an interim leader in the upheaval, was now replaced with the program's 15th leader in 29 years, continuing a pattern of frequent turnover at the top.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
The new coach was the result of a new athletic director, who also opted to withdraw Nebraska from the Missouri Valley conference, ending 13 years of league affiliation and resulting in the Cornhusker football program operating as an independent for the first time since 1906. The schedule for 1919 was a demanding one, with resurgent Iowa, Notre Dame, Minnesota and Syracuse looming on the horizon, the result of planning by the leadership to pit the Cornhuskers against the best challengers available.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Dale, Fred FBDana, Herbert EDay, William CDobson, Paul HBHenry, Stanley HBHowarth, Harry QBHubka, Ernest FBJobes, Raymond HBKellogg, Sam TLyman, Roy Link TMcGlasson, Harold QBMunn, Monte GMunn, Wade GNewman, Richard QBPucelik, John GRussell, Robert QBSchellenberg, Elmer HBSwanson, Clarence EWilder, Harold TWright, Floyd HBYoung, Farley G


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa
Nebraska stumbled in their season opener, just three weeks after beginning practice, when one of the best Iowa teams to date trounced the Cornhuskers in Iowa City. Nebraska's captain left the game early because of injury, and the team subsequently began to crumble, committing errors and losing momentum. Despite the win over Nebraska, the Hawkeyes still trailed in the series 6-12-3.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
For only the third time in program history, Nebraska dropped three games in a row with the Defeat delivered by Notre dame. Both previous 3-loss events occurred in the 1899 season. George Gipp shined in his third appearance against Nebraska, never allowing the Cornhuskers closer than 1 point from the Notre Dame score at halftime before pulling away. Knute Rockne led his Notre Dame squad to victory despite the best laid plans of Nebraska coach Schulte to scheme around the larger Notre Dame players.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota
Minnesota had managed to avoid the Cornhuskers for eight years, ever since their nine-game winning streak had been snapped by the 1913 Nebraska squad. The defenses kept the scoreboard mostly quiet, but Minnesota found their way through first. Having missed the kick after, the Gophers were given a scare later on when the Cornhuskers also found the end zone, but Nebraska also failed to convert.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota
Eventually time ran out on the 6-6 tie, though the Cornhuskers left many points on the field due to miscues and fumbles, thus giving a lucky break to Minnesota who escaped the meeting with a draw instead of a loss, though the Gophers still held a commanding lead in the series, 10-2-2.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma
The Cornhusker squad struggled to find heart and momentum after the disappointing results of the first three games, still without a win at the end of October. As a result, Nebraska came out flat against Oklahoma, allowing the Sooners to stay in the game and hold the Cornhuskers from getting much done. The outcome was a tie, the second of the season, leaving the spirit of the Nebraska squad near collapse with the 0-2-2 season to date. This was only the second time Oklahoma and Nebraska had met on the field, with Nebraska still barely ahead 1-0-1 all time.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State
The loss to Iowa State as Nebraska returned to Lincoln was the darkest day in the 1919 schedule. Unable to come up with any points at all on their own home field, The players and fans of the Cornhuskers and the Cyclones were all surprised that Iowa State would escape the Cornhuskers with just 3 points affording them the win. Nebraska had now gone five games without a win, tying the program's all-time winless mark set in 1899. Iowa State still was under Nebraska's thumb in their overall series, lagging 4-12-1.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri
With five starters out and the string of disappointment behind them, the Nebraska football squad did not have high hopes when traveling to Columbia. Much to the surprise of the team and the fans, however, the Cornhusker machine began to function again, and Nebraska managed to scratch out a 12-5 finish to secure the season's first victory, moving the Cornhuskers farther up in the series to 12-3.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
With new-found faith and purpose, Nebraska came together to dominate the Kansas team for the 1919 homecoming game in Lincoln. The Cornhuskers succeeded in controlling nearly every aspect of the game on their way to the win and advancing their series lead to 17-9. Kansas coach Leon McCarty later said of the Cornhuskers: "Nebraska was the best drilled team I ever saw. Schulte has certainly produced a winner." The season's fortunes seemed entirely reversed from just a few weeks prior.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Nebraska's turnaround from the sad season start was completed in glory as the Cornhuskers defeated Eastern champion Syracuse on Thanksgiving to close the season. The poor weather conditions and snow-covered field were blamed for the low scoring, but the game was not often in doubt as the plays from scrimmage were on the Syracuse side of the field for almost all of the game. The win capped an emotional season and avenged the Nebraska loss from the only other meeting between these teams in 1917.


1919 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season
Coach Schulte's first season, which started under so much uncertainty before diving into the abyss, turned around and ended on a surprisingly high note of optimism after the three emotional wins were secured to close the season. For the long-term picture, however, the 3-3-2 (.500) regular season hurt the program's record, dropping it to 166-54-12 (.741), the biggest percentage drop since the 6-4-0 season of 1906. With the rebuilding now out of the way, eyes turned to the hoped-for renewal expected in 1920.


1919 Nevada Sagebrushers football team
The 1919 Nevada Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In their first season under head coach Ray Courtright, the team compiled an 8–1–1 record, shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 449 to 32.


1919 Nevada Sagebrushers football team, Previous season
The Sagebrushers finished the 1917 season 1–3. Head coach Jack Glascock was replaced by Ray Courtright. There was no football team in 1918.


1919 New Hampshire football team
The 1919 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1919 college football season—the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. In its fourth season under head coach William "Butch" Cowell, the team compiled a 7–2 record, while outscoring their opponents by a total of 113 to 29. No opponent scored more than seven points against New Hampshire during the season, and the team won four of its games by shutout. This was the first season that the school fielded a freshman football team, in addition to the varsity.


1919 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The September 27 game was marred by the death of Connecticut center Gardner Dow, who was knocked unconscious while making a tackle; he died later that evening in Durham. Connecticut's athletic fields in Storrs were subsequently named after Dow. Governor of New Hampshire John H. Bartlett was in attendance at the game.


1919 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The November 8 game remains the last time that the Worcester Tech—now Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI)—and New Hampshire football programs have met.


1919 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The November 15 contest against Maine ended in controversy, as New Hampshire attempted a trick play in the final minute of the game, potentially scoring and taking a 9–7 lead. The referee was indecisive, and the head coaches of both teams agreed that a ruling on the play should be made by the "central board of officials".


1919 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The play in question happened on a New Hampshire punt; a New Hampshire player, who had been behind the punter at the time the ball was kicked, recovered the untouched ball in Maine's end zone, resulting in either a touchdown for New Hampshire or a touchback for Maine. The play was intended to have the attributes of a free kick, during which the ball can be recovered by either team. On November 18, officials ruled that the play had to be treated as a punt and not a free kick, deeming the outcome a touchback, and declaring Maine the winner.


1919 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1919 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1919. Democratic nominee Edward I. Edwards defeated Republican nominee Newton A.K. Bugbee with 49.20% of the vote.


1919 New Year Honours
The 1919 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January 1919.


1919 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Military Division
For valuable services rendered in connection with the military operations in France and Flanders:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Military Division
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Military Division
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Italy:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Military Division
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Salonika:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), Military Division
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
For services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
For services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Italy:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Salonika:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), Military Division
For services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), Military Division
For services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), Military Division
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), Military Division
For services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, First Class (RRC)
In recognition of valuable services with the British Forces in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, First Class (RRC)
In recognition of valuable services with the British Forces in Italy:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, First Class (RRC)
In recognition of their valuable services with the British Forces in Salonika:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, Second Class (ARRC)
In recognition of valuable services with the British Forces in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, Second Class (ARRC)
In recognition of valuable services with the British Forces in Italy:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, Second Class (ARRC)
In recognition of their valuable services with the British Forces in Salonika:


1919 New Year Honours, Royal Red Cross, Awarded a Bar to the Royal Red Cross (RRC*)
In recognition of valuable services with the British Forces in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
For distinguished service in connection with Military Operations in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
For services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Italy:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Salonika:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
For distinguished service in connection with Military Operations in North Russia


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
In recognition of valuable services rendered with the Forces in Northern Russia:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO), Awarded a Bar to the Distinguished Service Order (DSO*)
For distinguished service in connection with Military Operations in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO), Awarded a Bar to the Distinguished Service Order (DSO*)
For services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Italy:


1919 New Year Honours, Distinguished Service Order (DSO), Awarded a Bar to the Distinguished Service Order (DSO*)
For valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Salonika:


1919 New Year Honours, Military Cross (MC)
For distinguished service in connection with Military Operations in Egypt:


1919 New Year Honours, Military Cross (MC)
For services rendered in connection with Military Operations in Italy: