1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
On 21 January 1919, 27 (out of 101 elected) members representing thirty constituencies answered the roll of Dáil Éireann—the Irish for "Assembly of Ireland". Invitations to attend the Dáil had been sent to all 100 men and one woman who had been elected on 14 December 1918. Eoin MacNeill had been elected for both Londonderry City and the National University of Ireland. Thirty-three republicans were unable to attend as they were in prison, most of them without trial since 17 May 1918. Pierce McCan (of Tipperary East), who died in prison, would have brought the total to thirty-four. Of the 69 republicans elected, most had fought in the Easter Rising.


1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
In accordance with the Sinn Féin manifesto, their elected members refused to attend Westminster, having instead formed their own parliament. Dáil Éireann was, according to John Patrick McCarthy, the revolutionary government under which the Irish War of Independence was fought and which sought international recognition. Maryann Gialanella Valiulis says that having justified its existence, the Dáil provided itself with a theoretical framework and set about the process of state-building.


1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
After having dominated Irish politics for four decades, the IPP was so decimated by its massive defeat that it dissolved soon after the election. As mentioned above, its remains became the Northern Ireland-based Nationalist Party, which survived in Northern Ireland until 1969.


1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
The British administration and unionists refused to recognise the Dáil. At its first meeting attended by 27 deputies (other were still imprisoned or impaired) on 21 January 1919 the Dáil issued a Declaration of Independence and proclaimed itself the parliament of a new state, the Irish Republic.


1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
On the same day, in unconnected circumstances, two members of the Royal Irish Constabulary guarding gelignite were killed in the Soloheadbeg Ambush by members of the Irish Volunteers. Although it had not ordered this incident, the course of events soon drove the Dáil to recognise the Volunteers as the army of the Irish Republic and the ambush as an act of war against Great Britain. The Volunteers therefore changed their name, in August, to the Irish Republican Army. In this way the 1918 elections led to the outbreak of the Anglo-Irish War, giving the impression that the election sanctioned the war.


1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
The train of events set in motion by the elections would eventually bring about the creation of the Irish Free State as a British dominion in 1922. That state became the first internationally recognised independent Irish state in 1931, when the Statute of Westminster removed virtually all of the UK Parliament's remaining authority over the Free State and the other dominions. The Free State eventually evolved into the modern Republic of Ireland. The leaders of the Sinn Féin candidates elected in 1918, such as de Valera, Michael Collins and W. T. Cosgrave, came to dominate Irish politics.


1918 Irish general election, Aftermath and legacy
De Valera, for example, would hold some form of elected office from his first election as an MP in a by-election in 1917 until 1973. The two major parties in the Republic of Ireland today, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, are both descendants of Sinn Féin, which first enjoyed substantial electoral success in 1918.


1918 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1918 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1918 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Jay Bond, the Jayhawks compiled a 2–2 record (1–1 against conference opponents), and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 66 to 33. Due to events related to World War I and the 1918 flu pandemic, the Missouri Valley Conference did not schedule any official conference games, recorded no standings, and awarded no title for 1918. The 1918 Kansas team played its home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Lewis Foster was the team captain.


1918 Kansas State Farmers football team
The 1918 Kansas State Farmers football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College in the 1918 college football season.


1918 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 1918 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Republican nominee Henry Justin Allen defeated Democratic nominee W. C. Lansdon with 66.39% of the vote.


1918 Keighley by-election
The Keighley by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Keighley in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 26 April 1918.


1918 Keighley by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the death on 16 March 1918 of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Swire Smith.


1918 Keighley by-election, Electoral history
The most recent contest in the constituency had seen a three-way battle;


1918 Keighley by-election, Candidates
Keighley Liberals chose William Somervell, a director of his family business, Somervell Bros. of Kendal, leather merchants and boot manufacturers, later known as K Shoes as their candidate. Somervell had twice previously contested the South or Kendal Division of Westmorland for the Liberals.


1918 Keighley by-election, Candidates
As the by-election was taking place during wartime and Somervell was standing as the candidate of the Coalition government he did not face Conservative or Labour Party opponents. There was however an Independent Labour Party candidate, William Bland, who ran on a "Peace by Negotiation" platform. He had been the official Labour candidate at the previous contested by-election in the constituency, in 1913.


1918 Keighley by-election, Candidates
At one point it looked as if there would be a woman candidate in the field. Nina Boyle, a journalist and well-known campaigner for women's suffrage and women's rights made known her intention to put up at the by-election as a candidate of the Women's Freedom League. Although women over thirty gained the vote in 1918, there was some doubt as to whether women were eligible to stand as parliamentary candidates. Boyle announced that she would test the law and if her nomination was refused would take the matter to the courts to obtain a definitive ruling.


1918 Keighley by-election, Candidates
After some legal consideration, the returning officer stated that he was prepared to accept her nomination, thus establishing an important precedent for women candidates. However he ruled her nomination papers invalid on other grounds: one of the signatories to her nomination was not on the electoral roll and another lived outside the constituency. While Boyle did not therefore get to appear on the ballot paper, she claimed a moral victory for women's suffrage. The Law Lords were asked to consider the matter and concluded that the Great Reform Act 1832 had specifically banned women from standing as parliamentary candidates. The Representation of the People Act passed earlier in the year, did not change that.


1918 Keighley by-election, Candidates
Parliament hurriedly passed the Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 in time to enable women to stand in the 1918 general election. The act ran to only 27 operative words: "A woman shall not be disqualified by sex or marriage for being elected to or sitting or voting as a Member of the Commons House of Parliament".


1918 Keighley by-election, Result
Somervell was returned easily with a majority of 2,524 votes and well over 50% of the poll.


1918 Keighley by-election, Result
Historians have argued that this was an indication of a growing and substantial body of public opinion favouring a negotiated peace settlement with Germany following the publication of the Lansdowne letter and an increasing sign of war-weariness.


1918 Keighley by-election, Aftermath
Somervell and Bland faced each other again at the General Election 8 months later. However, this time a Unionist also stood and received official endorsement of the Coalition Government, helping him secure victory;


1918 Kendall Orange and Black football team
The 1918 Kendall Orange and Black football team represented Henry Kendall College (later renamed the University of Tulsa) during the 1918 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach Arthur Smith, the Orange and Black compiled a 1–2 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 56 to 9.


1918 Kentucky Derby
The 1918 Kentucky Derby was the 44th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place May 11, 1918.


1918 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1918 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the Kentucky Wildcats of the University of Kentucky during the 1918 college football season.


1918 Kudus riot
The 1918 Kudus riot was an anti-Chinese riot that took place in the city of Kudus, Semarang Regency, Dutch East Indies, on October 31st 1918. In the riot, Javanese townspeople burned and looted the Chinese district, resulting in roughly 10 deaths and dozens of injuries, and causing half of the Chinese population of the city to flee to Semarang and other cities in Java.


1918 Kudus riot, Context
The riot in Kudus was not an isolated incident, but happened in a context of anti-colonial resistance in the Dutch East Indies by organizations such as the Sarekat Islam, the rise of Chinese nationalism, rapid social change, and a breakdown of the traditional relationship between the Chinese Indonesians and the Javanese population. As the Chinese in the Indies often acted as middlemen between the Indonesians and the Dutch, they were also vulnerable to attacks which were aimed at the colonial economy or social injustice.


1918 Kudus riot, Context
An Indonesian historian who wrote a thesis about the Kudus riot, Masyhuri, stated that the immediate factors that contributed to the riot were the particularly strong religious attitude of Muslims in Kudus, and the rise of far left radicalism which he believes primed the Muslim townspeople for radical action. He notes thatmost Dutch sources blamed the Sarekat Islam, which he rejected as an oversimplification that may have come from their dislike of that organization.


1918 Kudus riot, Context
On the other hand, The Siauw Giap, who wrote a 1966 article on the Kudus riot, believed that there were systematic preconditions for anti-Chinese violence in Indonesian history which could spill over when conditions were right. In this case he partly blamed the very recent economic competition in the kretek cigarette industry between Chinese and Indonesian owners for the breakdown in relations in Kudus.


1918 Kudus riot, Context
The incident that precipitated the riot itself happened the day before. In late October 1918, theKudus Chinese community had been holding ritual processions through the city to honour a folk religious figureTua Pek Kong in the hopes of warding off the Influenza epidemic ravaging the city. On October 30th, one of these processions where participants were wearing costumes of Arabs, Africans, Chinese kings, and so on, came face to face with Javanese townspeople who were repairing the Menara Kudus Mosque. The sight of the mock Hadji and Arab costumes angered some of the Muslims who were there. The procession ground to a halt as wagons going in two opposite directions refused to make way; it turned into a brawl that was broken up by the police.


1918 Kudus riot, Events of October 31st
On the morning of October 31st a meeting was called at the office of the Kudus Sarekat Islam with the participation of the police superintendent, the Chinese Officer of Kudus, and others, to calm tensions over the brawl. But at the same time, some people (who may or may not have been connected to the Sarekat Islam) were going around the nearby Javanese towns and districts, calling people to meet at the mosque tower at 6 pm.


1918 Kudus riot, Events of October 31st
The police set up checkpoints in Kudus, but as nothing had happened by 8 pm, many of their officers headed home. It was at that point that about 80 Javanese townspeople walked into the Chinese district and started trying to break down doors, while a crowd watched from a distance. The police were still on site but were too few to stop the emerging riot. So the number of riots grew to a much larger number, possible 2000 people, and started burning down houses and businesses in the Chinese district. At this point the Resident of Kudus called to the Regent of Semarang Regency to ask for military assistance.


1918 Kudus riot, Events of October 31st
What happened later in the night is disputed. According to the historian Masyhuri, by 10:30 pm many ofthe original rioters started to leave, carrying off valuables with them, and some of those who remainedstarted to help the victims. On the other hand, the Semarang newspaper Djawa Tengah said that the rioters suddenly turned and battled the police at around this time, with many wounded, including one who later died in the hospital. Masyhuri emphasized that the Kudus Chinese did not attempt to resist the riot, and many hid in their homes and fled with nothing when those were being destroyed. The riot finally ended in the early hours of the morning of November 1st as the troops arrived from Semarang.


1918 Kudus riot, Aftermath
The immediate consequence of the riot was the flight of nearly half the Chinese population of Kudus (roughly two out of four thousand) to Semarang and other cities. Newspapers on the following day reported the sight of the morning train arriving in Semarang with all 8 train cars completely full of Chinese families from Kudus. The Dutch language newspaper De Locomotief from Semarang reported on that day that 9 Chinese people had been confirmed dead, 7 of whom died in fires, and that the number of dead on the Javanese side had not been released.


1918 Kudus riot, Aftermath
By November 1st, the Dutch colonial police raided Javanese towns in and around Kudus and, after 3 weeks had arrested an estimated 159 people. The Sarekat Islam denounced these arrests as indiscriminate and arbitrary, as many townspeople were arrested after the fact with little evidence. They denied their organization's involvement in the riot and accused the Dutch of targeting their Kudus membership for political reasons in the middle of the mass arrests.


1918 Kudus riot, Aftermath
The Chinese community of the Dutch East Indies, which was wealthy but did not have political power, organized to support the Kudus victims who they felt had been abandoned by the Dutch authorities. Some early fundraising happened in Semarang as labor organizations and merchants coordinated housing and supplies for the displaced Kudus Chinese. It was in an Indies-wide meeting on November 16th that a formal organization was set up to coordinate the relief efforts, so that local organizations around the Indies could send money to single central committee.


1918 Kudus riot, Trial
A mass trial was held for those arrested after the Kudus riot. It took place at the courthouse (Landraad) in Semarang and was a front-page news story in many local newspapers on a daily basis from December 1919 to February 1920. The final sentencing took place on February 25th 1920, where a significant number of the arrested were sentenced to 3 to 5 years in prison, although some were released due to lack of evidence.


1918 Kudus riot, Cultural references
The journalist and novelist Tan Boen Kim wrote a fictionalized account of the Kudus riot, which he published in 1920, called Riot in Kudus: A true story which happened in Central Java not long ago.


1918 Lafayette football team
The 1918 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1918 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Lewis A. Cobbett, the team compiled a 3–4 record. Grant Scott was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1918 League Island Marines football team
The 1918 League Island Marines football team represented the United States Marine Corps stationed at the League Island Navy Yard in Philadelphia during the 1918 college football season. The team was coached by Byron W. Dickson. A game scheduled for October 19 against Villanova was cancelled due to Spanish flu quarantine.


1918 League Island Marines football team
The 1919 edition of the Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide incdicates that Dickson coached a Marine team that disbanded after beating Penn on October 26, and afterward, a League Island Navy Yard was formed, which went 6–0 beginning with a victory over Lehigh on November 2. Contemporary newspapers accounts do not appear to make a distinction between the two teams.


1918 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1918 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1918 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Tom Keady, the team compiled a 4–4. The team played its home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1918 Liechtenstein general election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 11 March 1918, with a second round on 18 March. They were the first elections held in the country contested by political parties, as the Christian-Social People's Party and Progressive Citizens' Party had been founded that year. The Progressive Citizens' Party emerged as the largest in the Landtag, winning seven of the 12 elected seats.


1918 Liechtenstein general election, Electoral system
The electoral system was changed prior to the 1918 elections to allow for direct elections using a majoritarian system, and led to the creation of the new parties. The country was divided into two constituencies, with Oberland electing seven members and three substitutes and Unterland electing five members and two substitutes. Voters wrote down the names of as many candidates as there were seats on the ballot paper, and after assembling in the polling station, were called by name to cast their ballot. If fewer candidates than the number of seats received over 50% of the vote, a second round was held in which the number of candidates was double the number of remaining seats. The remaining three seats were appointed by the Prince.


1918 Liechtenstein general election, Electoral system
Only men aged 24 or over were allowed to vote.


1918 Liga Peruana de Football
The 1918 Primera División was the seventh season of top-flight Peruvian football. A total of 14 teams competed in the league, The champion was Sport Alianza.


1918 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1918 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1918 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Claughaun won the championship after being granted a walkover by Newcastle West in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first championship title in two years.


1918 Liverpool City Council election
Because the First World War was still underway at the date of the election, under the terms of the Parliament and Local Elections Act, 1918, the term of office of the members of the Council were extended by one year.


1918 Liverpool City Council election
However, there were three new seats for which elections were held. These were new second seats for Allerton, Childwall and Little Woolton ; Fazakerley and Much Woolton wards that up until this date had each been represented by a single councillor.


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 22 January 1919
Caused by the resignation of Alderman Sir Charles Petrie, Bart (Conservative, last elected as an Alderman on 9 November 1910) which ]was reported to the Council on 9 November 1918


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 22 January 1919
In his place, Councillor Frederick James Rawlinson (Conservative, Garston, elected 1 November 1913)was elected by the Council as an Alderman on 22 January 1919


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 7 May 1919
Caused by the death of Alderman George Brodrick Smith-Brodrick (Conservative, appointed by the Council as an Alderman on 9 November 1917)on 12 February 1919


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 7 May 1919
In his place Councillor James Wilson Walker (Conservative, Old Swan, elected 1 November 1912), Tobacco Manufacturer of 37 Westmorland Road, Huyton was elected as an alderman by the councillors on 7 May 1919.


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Appointment of Councillors
During the World War I elections were not held. When vacancies arose, replacement councillors were appointed by the Council rather than being electedin by elections.


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Appointment of Councillors, No. 30 Wavertree, 9 November 1918
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Alfred Henry Bramley (Conservative, Wavertree, appointed 7 February 1917), which was reported to the Council on 4 September 1918.


1918 Liverpool City Council election, Appointment of Councillors, No. 30 Wavertree, 9 November 1918
In his place Lieut-Colonel Henry Langton Beckwith, Architect and Surveyor of Sunnyside, Sandown Park, Wavertree, was appointed by the Council as a Councillor on 9 November 1918


1918 Liverpool City Council election, By Elections, No. 15 Sefton Park East, 28 January 1919
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Arthur Bromley Holmes (Party?, elected unopposed on 1 November 1914) which was reported to the Council on 4 December 1918


1918 Liverpool City Council election, By Elections, No. 37 Garston, 5 February 1919
Caused by the election as an alderman of Councillor Frederick James Rawlinson (Conservative, Garston, elected 1 November 1913) on 22 January 1919


1918 Liverpool City Council election, By Elections, No. 32 Old Swan, 20 May 1919
Caused by Councillor James Wilson Walker (Conservative, Old Swan, elected 1 November 1912), being elected as an alderman on 7 May 1919, foolowing the death of Alderman George Brodrick Smith-Brodrick (Conservative, appointed by the Council as an Alderman on 9 November 1917)on 12 February 1919.


1918 Liverpool City Council election, By Elections, No. 21 Everton, 21 May 1919
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Brigadier General Gerald Kyffin-Taylor (Conservative, Everton, elected 1 November 1913), which was reported to the Council on 7 May 1919


1918 Liverpool City Council election, By Elections, No. 16 Sefton Park West, 22 May 1919
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Ernest Cranstoun Given(Conservative, Sefton Park West, elected 1 November 1911), which was reported to the Council on 7 May 1919


1918 Los Angeles Angels season
The 1918 Los Angeles Angels season was the 16th season for the Los Angeles Angels playing in the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The PCL season ended early on July 14 due to wartime travel restrictions and the Spanish flu pandemic. When the season was suspended, the Angels were in second place with a 57–47 record.


1918 Los Angeles Angels season
A postseason series was held between the Angels and the first-place Vernon Tigers. The Angels won the championship series by five games to two, winning the final game on July 22, 1918, at Washington Park. Right fielder Sam Crawford and shortstop Zeb Terry led the Angels in the championship series with nine hits each. Terry also scored seven runs in the series.


1918 Los Angeles Angels season
Doc Crandall was the Angels' top pitcher, appearing in 25 games and compiling a 16–9 record and 2.06 earned run average (ERA).


1918 Los Angeles Angels season
First baseman Jack Fournier was the team's top hitter, appearing in all 104 games and compiling a .325 batting average with 26 doubles and 13 triples.


1918 Los Angeles Angels season
Red Killefer was the team's manager and also appeared in 99 games while compiling a .298 batting average.


1918 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage


1918 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average


1918 Luxembourg Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Luxembourg on 28 July and 4 August 1918. The Party of the Right emerged as the largest party, winning 23 of the 53 seats. The Assembly was tasked with revising the constitution to democratise the country's political structure. The amendments were promulgated on 15 May 1919, introducing proportional representation and the option of holding referendums.


1918 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1918 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1918 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Donald R. Aldworth, the team compiled a 3–1 record. George Ginsburg was the team captain.


1918 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1918 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 9, 1918.


1918 Maine gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Carl Milliken was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic candidate Bertrand G. McIntire.


1918 Major League Baseball season
The 1918 Major League Baseball season featured a reduced schedule due to American participation in World War I. The American League and National League champions, the Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs, respectively, met in the World Series, which was won by Boston in six games.


1918 Major League Baseball season, Shortened season
With World War I ongoing, a "work or fight" mandate was issued by the government, requiring men with non-essential jobs to enlist or take war-related jobs by July 1, else risk being drafted. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker granted an extension to MLB players through Labor Day, September 2. In early August, MLB clubs decided that the regular season would end at that time. As a result, the number of regular-season games that each team played varied—123 to 130 for AL teams and 124 to 131 for NL teams, including ties—reduced from their original 154-game schedules. Later in August, Baker granted a further extension to allow for the World Series to be contested; it began on September 5 and ended on September 11. World War I would end two months later, with the Armistice of 11 November 1918.


1918 Manchester North East by-election
The Manchester North East by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Manchester North East on 16 July 1918.


1918 Manchester North East by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Labour MP, J. R. Clynes as Minister of Food Control in the wartime coalition government of David Lloyd George, following the death of Lord Rhondda. Under the regulations of the day, Clynes was obliged to resign his seat and fight a by-election.


1918 Manchester North East by-election, Candidates
Clynes was re-selected by the Manchester Labour Party to contest the by-election and there being no other candidates putting themselves forward was returned unopposed.


1918 Manchester South by-election
The Manchester South by-election of 1918 was held on 22 March 1918. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Philip Glazebrook, being killed in action in the First World War. It was won by the Conservative candidate Robert Burdon Stoker, who was unopposed.


1918 Mare Island Marines football team
The 1918 Mare Island Marines football team represented the United States Marine Corps stationed at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard in Vallejo, California, during the 1918 college football season. The team lost to the Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets in the 1919 Rose Bowl. Prior to the Rose Bowl, the team had compiled a 10–0 record, shut out seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 454 to 28.


1918 Mare Island Marines football team
The team was built around Marines from the Pacific Northwest. Dick Hanley, who had played at Washington State, was the team's quarterback. Benton Bangs, another former Washington State backfield star, joined the team in November. The team's athletic director, Lynn Coovert, was an attorney from Portland. Before the season began, Hanley and Coovert lobbied Washington State's football coach, William "Lone Star" Dietz, to coach the Mare Island team as part of his patriotic duty. Dietz, who had led the 1915 Washington State team to an undefeated season and a victory in the 1916 Rose Bowl, agreed to take the position.


1918 Mare Island Marines football team
After two early victories in September, the season was interrupted in October when the Spanish flu pandemic caused a quarantine of Mare Island. The Oakland Tribune on October 2 reported that, despite the quarantine, the football team continued its daily practice. After the quarantine was lifted, the team won eight consecutive games, including four victories during a two-week trip to the Pacific Northwest.


1918 Marquette Hilltoppers football team
The 1918 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1918 college football season. In its second season under head coach John J. Ryan, the team compiled a 2–0–1 record.


1918 Maryland State Aggies football team
The 1918 Maryland State Aggies football team represented Maryland State College (which in 1920 became part of the University of Maryland) in the 1918 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Curley Byrd, the Aggies compiled a 4–1–1 record, and outscored all opponents, 57 to 35. The team lost its season opener against the Chemical Warfare Service (6–13), defeated VMI (7–6), McDaniel College (19–14), NYU (6–2), and St. John's College (19–14), and ended the season with a scoreless tie against Johns Hopkins (0–0).


1918 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1918 Massachusetts Aggies football team was to represent Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1918 college football season. The Aggies did not field an official varsity football team during this season, as most able-bodied men of college age were serving in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War I.


1918 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1918 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1918.


1918 Massachusetts legislature
The 139th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1918 during the governorship of Samuel W. McCall. Henry Gordon Wells served as president of the Senate and Channing H. Cox served as speaker of the House.


1918 Massachusetts legislature, Images
Map of districts of the Massachusetts state senate apportioned in 1916


1918 Mather Field football team
The 1918 Mather Field football team represented Mather Field, located near Sacramento, California, during the 1918 college football season. Former Pittsburgh back Jimmy DeHart played for Camp Mather in 1918. He also served as the coach.


1918 Mather Field football team
The Spanish flu pandemic derailed the team's original schedule, and the team's manager had difficulty scheduling opponents after the pandemic subsided.


1918 May 1 Parade
The 1918 May 1 Parade (Russian: Парад 1 мая 1918 года) was a military parade of the Moscow Garrison on 1 May 1918 on Khodynka Field. It was the first parade of the recently established Red Army and the first military parade held in modern Russia. As of 2019, the parade is the only one of its kind to not have been held on Red Square. The parade was attended by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR Vladimir Lenin, his spouse Nadezhda Krupskaya and his sister Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova. The site of Khodynka was chosen due to the holiday of International Workers' Day and its status as a peaceful holiday rather than a military one. Musical accompaniment was provided by the Massed Military Bands led by Lyudomir Petkevich.


1918 May 1 Parade
The ceremonies began at 10:00 AM (MSK) with the performance of The Internationale, the then Soviet anthem. British diplomat and Unofficial Ambassador to the Bolsheviks R. H. Bruce Lockhart described the mood during the parade as "May was excited and feverish". Immediately after the parade, a demonstration of workers took place on Moscow's Red Square, where a temporary tribune was erected in what is now Lenin's Mausoleum.


1918 Mecklenburg-Strelitz state election
The 1918 Mecklenburg-Strelitz state election was held on 15 December 1918 to elect the 42 members of the constituent assembly of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.


1918 Miami Redskins football team
The 1918 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1918 college football season. In its second season under head coach George Rider, Miami compiled a 5–0–1 record (4–0–1 against conference opponents). Miami claims the 1918 conference championship. The team's games against Kentucky, Wooster, and Witteberg were cancelled due to the 1918 flu pandemic.


1918 Miami Redskins football team
The season was part of a 27-game unbeaten streak that began in November 1915 and ended in October 1919.


1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1918 college football season. In their first year under head coach George Gauthier, the Aggies compiled a 4–3 record and outscored their opponents 133 to 69.


1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The game scheduled with Western Reserve, known today as Case Western Reserve, was cancelled due to the Ohio team having to go into quarantine due to the Spanish Influenza.


1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On November 23, 1918, the Aggies played Michigan at Ferry Field in front of the largest crowd of the season estimated at between 10,000 and 20,000. Followers of both schools attended in large numbers, "the maize and blue of Michigan and the green and white of M.A.C. decorating the stands the length and breadth of them." The Aggies in 1918 had a new head coach, George Gauthier, and a highly touted African-American running back, Harry Graves. The Aggies had defeated Knute Rockne's Notre Dame the previous week in East Lansing.


1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After a scoreless first quarter, Michigan scored two touchdowns in the second quarter. Michigan's line was given credit for stopping the Aggies' running attack. The Detroit Free Press reported that M.A.C. 's "vaunted stars", including Harry Graves (described as "the colored boy of whom so much was expected"), were unable to assert themselves. "Superiority of the Michigan line was the rock upon which the Aggies split. M.A.C. showed a fast backfield that might have created endless trouble, but it got little support from the forwards, who were cracked open to let the Wolverines surge through and flatten the runner."


1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The start of the game was delayed by lengthy pre-game ceremonies featuring the French Blue Devils, performances by the U. of M. army and navy bands and the M.A.C. bands, parades by the Students' Army Training Corps and Naval Units, and a fly-over by former Michigan football captain Pat Smith in his aeroplane. Because of the delay, the game was concluded in darkness. The Aggies took advantage of the darkness late in the game by unleashing a passing attack. The Aggies scored late in the game, "as the darkness already had begun to enshroud the playing field," on a pass from Archer to Schwei. The Detroit Free Press reported: "But for the review of the service corps and the ceremonies attending there hardly would have been an Aggie score."


1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After the game, sports writer Harry Bullion wrote in the Detroit Free Press:  "M.A.C. 's defeat is nothing for her to be ashamed of. It simply was a case of a better-conditioned and smarter eleven overpowering another that, though it lacked nothing in the way of fight that its enemy possessed, failed to cope with the superior knowledge of the game that was Michigan's by right of judgment and the attending conditions."


1918 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1918 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1918 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Lynn Bell, the Normalites compiled a record of 1–2 and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 31 to 26. Malcolm J. MacGregor was the team captain.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1918 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season. The team's head football coach was Fielding H. Yost in his 18th season with the program. The 1918 team played in a season shortened by World War I travel restrictions and the 1918 flu pandemic. They shared the Big Ten Conference championship with Illinois and finished with a perfect record of 5–0, outscoring opponents 96 to 6. Although no formal mechanism existed in 1918 to select a national champion,  the 1918 Michigan team was retroactively selected as the national champion by the Billingsley Report and a co-national champion with Pittsburgh by the National Championship Foundation. The Wolverines played their home games at Ferry Field.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team
Fullback Frank Steketee was selected by Walter Camp as a first-team All-American and was one of the top kickers in the game during the 1918 season. Center Ernie Vick, and left tackle Angus Goetz were both selected as first-team All-Big Ten players.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
In 1918, the United States was embroiled in World War I. Many University of Michigan students, including athletes, were serving in the military. Team captain Tad Wieman did not play during the 1918 season as he had enlisted in the Aviation Corps. Halfback Eddie Usher was also taken into active military service after the first game of the season.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
Three former Michigan football players were killed in the war. One of the casualties was Curtis Redden, star end of Fielding Yost's "Point-a-Minute" teams. In April 1918, newspapers published a letter from Redden to a friend back home describing his unit's "baptism of fire":


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
"And so it went from day to day, but oftimes the nights were very bad. At night, when the infantry launched its raids, or the enemy his, or the infantry became nervous and called for help, the guns stamped like stallions and snorted their breaths of fire. The blackness of the night became a series of dots and dashes, until the world resembled a vast radio station, spelling hell, hell, and hell again. To this must be added the shriek of shells, the whistle of fragments, the automatic hammer effect of the machine gun, the rattle of the rifle fire, the rockets and star shells out over No Man's land—all combined to make the night weird, hideous, fascinating, sublime."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
The Michigan Alumnus published a letter from another Michigan athlete, Cecil F. Cross, recalling memories of football in Ann Arbor:


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
"The autumn is approaching here. The days are getting shorter and there is a chill in the air ... It seems to bring back the old feeling which is experienced where the smell of football is in the air, the first cold days of autumn and it makes me homesick, though only slightly. Ralph Henning, of Bay City, is here, and though we come from different parts of Michigan and attended different schools, he being the captain of the Michigan Aggies' football team in 1916, we quite frequently talk over the old scenes with which we are both familiar.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
He, too, has mentioned the feeling of football in the air. If they were to train an army of football players and throw them into the lines, the last weeks of October, with Coach Yost to address them just before the battle, we would score a touchdown the first half, and before Thanksgiving we would have pushed the Germans under their own goal posts and eat dinner in Berlin."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
Before the football season began, a rumor spread that football would be abandoned for 1918. The university decided to proceed with the football season, though war-time restrictions limited travel and practice time. To compensate for the players serving in the military, the existing prohibition on freshman players was lifted for the year.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Preseason
As originally adopted, Michigan's 1918 schedule included games against Cornell (at Ithaca), Northwestern (at Ann Arbor) and Minnesota (at Ann Arbor). Those games, and planned replacement games against Camp Custer and the University of Mount Union, were canceled. Travel restrictions resulted in cancellation of the Cornell and Minnesota games, and the 1918 flu pandemic forced the cancellation or rescheduling of other games. After Cornell canceled its game, Syracuse was put on the schedule in its place.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 33, Case 0
Michigan opened its season on October 7, 1918, with a home game against the Case Scientific School (now Case Western Reserve University) from Cleveland. Michigan came into the game with only two players (Angus Goetz and Abe Cohn) who had ever played for Michigan previously. Despite facing a Case team that returned seven letterman from 1917, head coach Fielding H. Yost expressed confidence in a pre-game interview: "I haven't had a scrimmage since Monday, but the team looks like it ought to go pretty good. Conditions are fair for a good game, and I expect one."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 33, Case 0
Michigan won easily by a score of 33–0, but the Detroit Free Press noted that the inexperienced team "played a ragged game," albeit showing "promise of development into a smooth playing machine." Cress, playing at center, was credited with playing "the best defensive game of any man on Ferry Field," and John Perrin was reported to have made "a splendid showing."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 33, Case 0
The Detroit Free Press called Abe Cohn "an eye opener" as a ground gainer and noted: "He made a gain practically every time he was given the ball and, when he was stopped, it always took two or three men to turn the trick." Edward Usher tore ligaments in his ankle while running with the ball and had to be taken out of the game. Freshman Frank Steketee entered the game as a substitute and made an impressive debut; he accounted for 21 points, "making three of the five touchdowns and kicking three out of five attempts at goal."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 33, Case 0
Michigan's starting line-up against Case, as announced the day before the game, was Fletcher (left end),  Clash (left tackle), Goetz (left guard), Cress (center), Freeman (right guard), Lent (right tackle), Dunne (right end), Walker (quarterback), Cohn (right halfback), Perrin (left halfback) and Usher (fullback).


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 13, Chicago 0
After its season opener against Case, the Michigan team was idle for more than a month as games with Camp Custer and Mt. Union College were canceled, and the game against Michigan Agricultural College postponed, due to the influenza pandemic. On November 9, 1918, the team resumed play with a game against Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons at Stagg Field in Chicago. The two teams, which had been one another's principal rivals from 1890 to 1905, had not met for 13 years. In the prior meeting, Chicago had defeated Michigan 2–0, breaking a 56-game undefeated streak by the Wolverines.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 13, Chicago 0
The game was played as negotiations were underway to end World War I, and the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote: "While the nations of the world are hoping for an armistice, the resumption of hostilities between forces guided by Gens. Yost and Stagg brought joy to thousands of football fans, and the opening battle attracted approximately 7,000 of them."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 13, Chicago 0
The game began at 2:30 pm Despite fumbles by Cohn and Knode early in the game, Michigan held on defense. After Knode's fumble, Chicago's Stegman attempted a dropkick from the 45-yard line, but Goetz broke through the Chicago line and blocked the kick. Goetz picked it up an returned it 55 yards for a touchdown. Steketee kicked the extra point, and Michigan led 7–0. The third quarter ended with Michigan driving deep in Chicago territory at the seven-yard line. On the first play of the fourth quarter, Perrin was stopped at the one-yard line on a run up the middle from a fake punt formation. On the next play, Perrin ran for the touchdown. Steketee missed the extra point, and Michigan led 13–0.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 13, Chicago 0
Michigan's starting lineup was Dunne (left end), Goetz (left tackle), Adams (left guard), Vick (center), Freeman (right guard), Morrison (right tackle), Karpus (right end), Knode (quarterback), Perrin (left halfback), Cohn (right halfback) and Steketee (fullback).


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 15, Syracuse 0
On November 16, 1918, five days after the signing of the Armistice marking the end of hostilities in Europe, Michigan defeated Syracuse 16–0. The game was played in pouring rain at Ferry Field. Both teams failed to score in the first quarter, as Michigan fullback Frank Steketee missed a field goal from the 25-yard line on one drive and Knode fumbled at the Syracuse five-yard line to end another drive. Cohn and Vick both intercepted passes in the second quarter.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 15, Syracuse 0
After Knode made a fair catch on a punt and Syracuse was penalized for offsides, Steketee kicked a field goal from the 36-yard line to give Michigan a 3–0 lead. Michigan's next possession mirrored its last, as the ball was placed on Syracuse's 35-yard line after a roughing penalty was called against Syracuse for interfering with Knode as he attempted a fair catch of a punt at the 40-yard line. Steketee kicked his second field goal from the spot to give Michigan a 6–0 lead at halftime.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 15, Syracuse 0
In the third quarter, Steketee missed a field goal from the 32-yard line. In the fourth quarter, Vick and Knode both intercepted pass. Vick's interception stopped a Syracuse drive at Michigan's 15-yard line, and Knode's interception gave Michigan the ball at the Syracuse 21-yard line. After advancing the ball to the 14-yard line, Steketee added a third field goal to give Michigan a 9–0 lead. Later in the fourth quarter, Steketee intercepted a pass and returned it 20 yards for a touchdown. Steketee missed the extra point, and Michigan led 15–0.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 15, Syracuse 0
Steketee scored all 15 points in Michigan's win over Syracuse and received national media attention for his performance. In the Detroit Free Press, Harry Bullion wrote: "One man stood above all the rest in this sparkling triumph of the Wolverines. They'll be singing the praises of Steketee long after he trods the campus for the last time. All of the points assembled by Michigan are attributed to the educated toe and agility of Yost's brilliant fullback." The Syracuse Herald reported: "One man stood out in the Michigan triumph, Steketee of Grand Rapids. He made the entire 15 points scored by his team and otherwise mussed up perfect good intentions on the part of the visitors."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 15, Syracuse 0
The victory over Syracuse also enhanced Michigan's reputation, as Syracuse and Pittsburgh had been viewed as the most powerful teams in the East. The Michiganensian called the Syracuse game "the best contest of the year" against the strongest team in the East and noted: "From the very first moment of play to final blowing of the whistle, the contest was one of the prettiest exhibitions of football ability that has been seen on Ferry Field."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 15, Syracuse 0
Michigan's starting lineup was Dunne (left end), Goetz (left tackle), Adams (left guard), Vick (center), Freeman (right guard), Young (right tackle), Morrison (right end), Knode (quarterback), Perrin (left halfback), Cohn (right halfback) and Steketee (fullback).


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 21, Michigan Agricultural 6
On November 23, 1918, Michigan played its fourth game against Michigan Agricultural College (now known as Michigan State University). The game was played at Ferry Field in front of the largest crowd of the season estimated at between 10,000 and 20,000. Followers of both schools attended in large numbers, "the maize and blue of Michigan and the green and white of M.A.C. decorating the stands the length and breadth of them." The Aggies in 1918 had a new head coach, George Gauthier, and a highly touted African-American running back, Harry Graves. The Aggies had defeated Knute Rockne's Notre Dame the previous week in East Lansing.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 21, Michigan Agricultural 6
After a scoreless first quarter, Michigan scored two touchdowns in the second quarter. Right halfback Abe Cohn scored Michigan's first touchdown on a two-yard run. Left tackle Angus Goetz scored the second touchdown after Graves fumbled a forward pass. Goetz recovered the fumble and ran it back for a touchdown. Quarterback Knode scored Michigan's final touchdown in the third quarter on a 30-yard run after faking a pass. Steketee converted all three extra points.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 21, Michigan Agricultural 6
Michigan's line was given credit for stopping the Aggies' running attack. The Detroit Free Press reported that M.A.C. 's "vaunted stars", including Harry Graves (described as "the colored boy of whom so much was expected"), were unable to assert themselves. "Superiority of the Michigan line was the rock upon which the Aggies split. M.A.C. showed a fast backfield that might have created endless trouble, but it got little support from the forwards, who were cracked open to let the Wolverines surge through and flatten the runner."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 21, Michigan Agricultural 6
The start of the game was delayed by lengthy pre-game ceremonies featuring the French Blue Devils, performances by the U. of M. army and navy bands and the M.A.C. bands, parades by the Students' Army Training Corps and Naval Units, and a fly-over by former Michigan football captain Pat Smith in his aeroplane. Because of the delay, the game was concluded in darkness. The Aggies took advantage of the darkness late in the game by unleashing a passing attack. The Aggies scored late in the game, "as the darkness already had begun to enshroud the playing field," on a pass from Archer to Schwei. The Detroit Free Press reported: "But for the review of the service corps and the ceremonies attending there hardly would have been an Aggie score."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 21, Michigan Agricultural 6
After the game, sports writer Harry Bullion wrote in the Detroit Free Press:  "M.A.C. 's defeat is nothing for her to be ashamed of. It simply was a case of a better-conditioned and smarter eleven overpowering another that, though it lacked nothing in the way of fight that its enemy possessed, failed to cope with the superior knowledge of the game that was Michigan's by right of judgment and the attending conditions."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 21, Michigan Agricultural 6
Michigan's starting lineup was Dunne (left end), Goetz (left tackle), Adams (left guard), Vick (center), Freeman (right guard), Fortune (right tackle), Boville (right end), Knode (quarterback), Cohn (left halfback), Perrin (right halfback) and Steketee (fullback).


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 14, Ohio State 0
For its fifth game, Michigan traveled to Columbus to play Ohio State. The game presented an opportunity for Michigan to lay claim to the Big Ten Conference championship. Illinois had previously beaten Ohio State by a 13–0 margin, and Michigan supporters hoped that a greater margin of victory would allow the Wolverines to prove themselves superior to the Illini. Michigan did not achieve the large margin it had hoped for, but won the game 14–0, scoring one point more than Illinois.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 14, Ohio State 0
The game was played on a wet and slippery field that handicapped the offensive players. The Detroit Free Press reported that players had difficulty untracking themselves in "the mire that lay over the gridiron like custard." The teams played to a scoreless tie in a first half that featured a punting duel between Steketee and Rife. Michigan's first touchdown was set up by a 73-yard punt from Steketee that "stuck fast in the mud" at Ohio State's two- or three-yard line. Michigan's defense held, and Rife was forced to punt from his end zone. In the outstanding play of the game, Goetz blocked the punt and recovered it in the end zone for a touchdown. The Detroit Free Press described the key play as follows:


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 14, Ohio State 0
"The pass from center was perfect and there seemed to be no fear that Rife would not get it away. But Goetz, one man who has starred in every game the Maize and Blue played this year, shattered the line and rammed the Buckeye punter. Leather and Goetz collided and the pigskin went bounding away with Goetz in hot pursuit. Three scarlet-robed athletes tried to block Goetz's path to the ball, but he thrust them aside and went to earth with it just as his rivals in the race catapulted themselves at the leather."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 14, Ohio State 0
Later in the quarter, with the ball at Ohio State's 28-yard line, Steketee faked a run around the end and passed to Dunne who was "camped near the uprights." Steketee kicked both extra points to give Michigan a 14–0 margin. Michigan had an earlier touchdown called back in the third quarter when the head linesman ruled that Knode had stepped out of bounds on a long run.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 14, Ohio State 0
Michigan's starting lineup was Dunne (left end), Goetz (left tackle), Fortune (left guard), Vick (center), Freeman (right guard), Czysz (right tackle), Bovill (right end), Knode (quarterback), Perrin (left halfback), Cohn (right halfback) and Steketee (fullback).


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post season
The team finished the season with a 5–0 record and outscored opponents 96 to 6, allowing only a single touchdown all season. Though Illinois had two non-conference losses, it finished with a 4–0 record in Big Ten play, resulting in a shared conference championship between Michigan and Illinois. Although no formal mechanism existed in 1918 to select a national champion, several organizations recognized by the NCAA have developed systems to identify "national champions" for past seasons. Two of those organizations, the Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation, selected Michigan as a national championship team for 1918.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post season, Dispute over Big Ten championship
The 1918 season was Michigan's first season in the Big Ten Conference following its withdrawal in 1906. Due to the cancellation of games against Minnesota and Northwestern, Michigan played only two games against Big Ten opponents, Chicago and Ohio State. Illinois, which had lost a non-conference game, but finished 4–0 against Big Ten opponents, declined Michigan's invitation to meet in a post-season game to decide the championship. The Detroit Free Press chided Illinois for refusing the match:


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post season, Dispute over Big Ten championship
"[Illinois athletic director] Huff's explanation was as humorous as it was disappointing. He attempted to excuse Illinois on the grounds that the weather in December would be too cold for a game and for that reason there could be no meeting. ... the fact remains that it couldn't be too cold for Michigan, whose players have the same number of arms and legs and a covering of skin no thicker than the athletes who disport themselves under the colors of the Illini."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post season, Dispute over Big Ten championship
Some sources refer to Illinois and Michigan as co-champions in 1918. However, at the time, the question of conference supremacy was  contested. The following excerpt from Michigan's 1919 yearbook outlines the opposing arguments: "Eastern critics were of the opinion that the Maize and Blue team was rightfully entitled to claim the honors, but western writers held that since Illinois played four Conference games, all of which went to them, they should hold the honors. Despite the fact that they were beaten once by the Municipal Pier Service team of Chicago, and although Michigan had lost no games, the opinion of the western critics could not be changed."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post season, Honors
Fullback Frank Steketee, who scored all 15 points in Michigan's victory over Syracuse, was the only Michigan player selected as a first-team All-American. Left tackle Angus Goetz won All-Big Ten Conference honors after scoring touchdowns off fumble recoveries and a blocked punt against Chicago, Michigan Agricultural and Ohio State. Center Ernie Vick also won All-Big Ten honors and played so well on defense that Fielding Yost called him "a second [Germany] Schultz." Quarterback Kenneth Knode, "though not a brilliant player individually," was credited with piloting the team with "fine judgment."


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Letter winners
The following 18 players from Michigan's 1918 football team won varsity letter M's. Names of players who started at least three games are in bold.


1918 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Non-letter winners
The following individuals from the 1918 team were not awarded M's but instead received "AMA" or "R" designations.


1918 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1918 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Republican Albert Sleeper defeated Democratic candidate John W. Bailey with 64.41% of the vote.


1918 Mid Armagh by-election
The Mid Armagh by-election of 1918 was held on 23 January 1918. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir John Lonsdale. It was won by his brother, the Conservative candidate James Rolston Lonsdale, who was unopposed.


1918 Mid Norfolk by-election
The Mid Norfolk by-election of 1918 was held on 23 October 1918. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal Unionist MP, William Lewis Boyle. It was won by the Conservative candidate Neville Jodrell, who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral truce.


1918 Milan–San Remo
The 1918 Milan–San Remo was the 11th edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 14 April 1918. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Costante Girardengo.


1918 Mineola Aviation Station football team
The 1918 Mineola Aviation Station football team represented the United States Army aviators stationed at Mineola Aviation Station on Long Island during the 1918 college football season.


1918 Mineola Aviation Station football team
Laurence Bankart, a former Colgate football coach, was placed in charge of the Mineola aviators. He initially opposed football for his men, arguing that they could not risk injuries to their noses. Lawson Robertson, a noted track coach, was placed in charge of training.


1918 Mineola Aviation Station football team
The Spanish flu pandemic also resulted in the cancellation of many football games in October 1918. Sources indicate that Mineola had planned games with Camp Devens and Harvard, but no record has been found of those games having been played.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Minnesota in the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 19th year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 5–2–1 record (2–1 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 133 to 39.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1918 team ended up in a tie for fourth place in the Big Ten. The conference had to suspend its normal eligibility requirements due to the large number of students who had entered the military.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On October 5, 1918, Minnesota's S.A.T.C. (Student Army Training Corps) football team played a scoreless tie against Minnesota Consolidated, an all-star team organized by Sigmund Harris, before a crowd of 1,500 in Minneapolis. The Minneapolis Tribune wrote that the game proved to be "more or less of a good scrimmage" and "a tame affair with 'pep and punch' lacking on both sides." Minnesota had originally been scheduled to play South Dakota, but was forced to reschedule against the collection of all stars.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On October 19, 1918, Minnesota, playing as an S.A.T.C. unit, defeated the Overland Aviation mechanics, 30–0, at Northrop Field in Minneapolis. The game was attended by 5,000 persons limited to soldiers from the Overland building and students enrolled in S.A.T.C. Minnesota scored five touchdowns but missed all five attempts at goal after touchdown. The Overland team was led by halfback Fred Chicken.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On October 26, 1918, the Minnesota S.A.T.C. football team defeated St. Thomas, 25–7, in a practice game in St. Paul, Minnesota. The game was played on a snow-covered field and in ankle deep mud.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On November 2, 1918, Minnesota's S.A.T.C. team defeated the Carleton-St. Olaf team, 59–6, before a crowd of 1,500 persons at Lexington Park in St. Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota captain Norman Kingsley returned the opening kickoff of the second half 85 yards and scored two touchdowns. Fullback Gus Ekberg also scored two touchdowns.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On November 9, 1918, Iowa defeated the Minnesota S.A.T.C. team, 6–0, in Iowa City. The victory was Iowa's first in the Iowa–Minnesota football rivalry, having lost 12 consecutive games dating back to 1891. Iowa's touchdown was scored in the third quarter after fullback Fred Lohman threw a pass from his own 23-yard line that was caught by William Donnelly and taken to Minnesota's four-yard line. Lohman scored the winning touchdown three plays later.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On November 16, 1918, Minnesota defeated Wisconsin, 6–0, before a crowd of 8,000 at Northrop Field in Minneapolis. At the end of the first quarter, 30 soldiers from the Fort Snelling hospital, all of whom had been injured in the war in France, some with missing limbs, came "limping and stumping" into the stands as the crowd stood, cheered, and applauded. Gus Ekberg scored the game's only touchdown.


1918 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries
On November 23, 1918, Minnesota lost to Chicago Naval Reserve, a team from the United States Naval Reserve School at Chicago's Municipal Pier by a 20 to 6 score.


1918 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1918 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1918. The incumbent Republican Party of Minnesota governor J. A. A. Burnquist defeated Farmer–Labor Party challenger David H. Evans. This is the first gubernatorial election in Minnesota with a Farmer–Labor candidate.


1918 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1918 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Thomas Frankson of the Republican Party of Minnesota defeated Minnesota Democratic Party challenger Charles H. Helweg and National Party candidate George D. Haggard.


1918 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1918 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1918 Monaro state by-election
A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Monaro on 23 November 1918. The by-election was triggered by the death  of Gus Miller (Labor).


1918 Monegasque general election
General elections were held in Monaco on 7 April 1918 to elect the 12 members of the National Council. A total of 15 candidates participated in the election. Out of the 623 registered voters, 534 (or 85.7%) voters cast their ballots.


1918 NC State Aggies football team
The 1918 NC State Aggies football team represented the NC State Aggies of North Carolina State University during the 1918 college football season as a member of the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA). In 1918, school changed their name from North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical University to North Carolina State University, often referred to as NC State. The 1918 season transpired against the backdrop of the United States' entry into World War I and the Spanish flu pandemic, which produced conditions deemed unsafe for football across the country, leading to a shortened season of four games, the Aggies' shortest since 1901.


1918 NC State Aggies football team
Against Georgia Tech, NC State suffered its worse loss in program history, losing by a score of 128–0. Georgia Tech came into the game riding a 13-game win and 32-game unbeaten streak dating back to 1914 and had scored over 100 points in two their previous three games. NC State sophomore John Ripple earned second-team honors at the tackle position on Walter Camp's 1918 College Football All-America Team, becoming the first NC State player and first from the state of North Carolina to be selected to a College Football All-America Team.


1918 NC State Aggies football team
Camp attended the game against Georgia Tech and witness the only positive play of note for NC State, a 75-yard fumble recovery for a touchdown by Ripple, which was called back for an offside penalty. On the season, the Aggies were outscored 174 to 54 and lost to their only conference opponent, SAIAA champion VPI, 25–0.


1918 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The 1918 College Basketball All-American team, as chosen retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation. The player highlighted in gold was chosen as the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year retroactively in 1944.


1918 NCAA baseball season
The 1918 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1918. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.


1918 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners
This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1918 season.


1918 NSWRFL season
The 1918 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the eleventh season of Sydney’s professional rugby league club competition, Australia’s first. Eight teams from across the city contested during the season, with South Sydney finishing on top of the ladder to claim the premiership.


1918 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The quality of the competition in 1918 suffered due to the loss of players fighting in World War I. South Sydney and Western Suburbs dominated the season, dropping just two and three games respectively. With just three rounds to go, both sides met each square on 18 points each. A win for South Sydney would virtually guarantee them the premiership unless they dropped their final two games. At the end of the day, South Sydney prevailed 11–3 and went on to win all their remaining matches, taking away their fourth premiership from eleven seasons.


1918 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The season also saw the struggling Dales fail to win a game from fourteen starts. It was the first winless season in NSWRFL history and signalled the end for the club, who would play only a further two seasons in the premiership.


1918 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The Western Suburbs club claimed their first title by winning the knockout competition, the City Cup.


1918 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams
The lineup of teams remained unchanged from the previous season.


1918 NYU Violets football team
The 1918 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1918 college football season. In their first year under head coach Appleton A. Mason, the team compiled a 0–4 record.


1918 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1918 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1918 college football season. In their second season under head coach Gil Dobie, the Midshipmen compiled a 4–1 record, shut out two opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 283 to 20.


1918 Navy Midshipmen football team
The annual Army–Navy Game was not played during the 1918 season due to World War I.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska in the 1918 college football season. The team was coached by William G. Kline and played their home games at Nebraska Field in Lincoln, Nebraska.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
The 1918 season was one of severe upheaval not just at Nebraska, but all over the United States, in every way. World War I was reaching full swing, calling away many thousands of men to fight for their country, including of course many college football players. The United States government limited cross country travel during this time, which limited the number of teams that could be met for games, and as a result only six games would be completed this year.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
Amidst these unsteady times, the 1918 flu pandemic was gripping the world and taking many times more lives than the casualties of the great war in progress in Europe. It was against this backdrop that a new head coach arrived, to try to guide the Cornhuskers through the storm. The role of the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association was rolled back for 1918, and no designated conference games were held, no standings recorded, and no champion crowned. Only three starters from the previous year were back, since many others (including Nebraska's Captain-elect) were training for battle or already overseas at war.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Cypreanson, Clarence PLAYERDana, Herbert EDobson, Paul HBHowarth, Harry QBHoyt, Charles GHubka, Ernest FBJobes, Raymond HBKline PLAYERLanphere, Edward ELantz, William PLAYERLyman, Roy Link TMcMahon, Harold HBMunn, Monte GMunn, Wade GNewman, Richard QBReynolds, Harry FBRoss, Emmett GSchellenberg, Elmer HBSchissler PLAYERSwanson, Clarence E


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa
During preparations for this game, on September 30, the MVIAA announced that for the first time ever, freshmen athletes would be permitted to participate in football games, at least in the interim time period while so many of the experienced players were called away due to the war effort or unavailable because of the influenza epidemic. Both teams implemented personnel changes to plug in the freshmen, and thus both teams were untested machines when they finally met.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa
Nebraska looked alive when they reached the Iowa 2-yard line in the first quarter, but the Hawkeyes held strong and sent Nebraska away with no points. It was the last time the Cornhuskers posed a serious threat to Iowa, who scraped together 18 points later in the game to open Nebraska's season with a shutout loss, though the Cornhuskers still controlled the series with a 12–5–3 edge.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Canceled Games
Due to wartime travel restrictions and the influenza outbreak of 1918, the scheduled games with Syracuse, Missouri and West Virginia were canceled. The Syracuse series would be renewed briefly in 1919, while Missouri would again be picked up in normal regional play next year as well. However, the cancellation of the West Virginia game would put off the first meeting between the Mountaineers and the Cornhuskers for 75 years, when they would finally meet in their 1994 season openers.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Omaha Balloon
About two weeks before this game was played, word reached the University that Cornhusker Captain-elect Roscoe Rhodes, who had joined the war effort overseas before the start of the season, had been killed in action on October 25. It was a sobering reminder to the entire University of the costs of the war and important contribution of its service members.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Omaha Balloon
The Omaha Ballon School was a training facility for Army personnel involved in the operation of dirigibles to be used during the war. As the Cornhuskers sat idle for an entire month, due to cancellations wrought by wartime travel restrictions and the ongoing influenza outbreak, a football squad from the Balloon School was assembled and traveled to Lincoln to face the University. As Nebraska was itself seriously hobbled by a lack of personnel, the Cornhuskers managed only one touchdown in each of the first three quarters, but held the Ballon School boys to no points. This was the only game between Nebraska and the Ballon School trainees.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
In a muddy game, both teams put on a fight with their limited resources, a feat that was complicated because all of the players quickly become covered in so much mud as to look alike and also blend in with the field. Somehow Nebraska found ways to score while Kansas did not, and Nebraska improved to 16-9 all time against the Jayhawks.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Camp Dodge
Nebraska hosted another team of men preparing for battle by welcoming a squad from Iowa's Camp Dodge to Lincoln. Unlike the Ballon School boys, however, the Camp Dodge squad showed the Cornhuskers a much more challenging front in this icy contest. Fumbles, errors, and missed opportunities hampered Nebraska, and ultimately the "Dodgers" handed the Cornhuskers a 23–7 loss in the only meeting between these teams.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
With the signing of the Armistice ending World War I on November 11, football teams were soon once again allowed to travel, and the Notre Dame game originally scheduled for early November but canceled by the restriction, was hurriedly put back on the slate at the end of the season. Both teams fielded inexperienced squads that had played rushed games against unplanned opponents with ever-changing rosters, and these elements made for a very different Nebraska–Notre Dame game than seen before.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Coach Kline played a prevent-first game, keeping Knute Rockne's first Notre Dame team from ever scoring, waiting to take advantage of miscues to obtain points. However, Notre Dame also played it safe, and both teams ultimately settled for a scoreless tie. Nebraska still held a slim edge on the series at 2–1–1.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Washington University
The season had already been slightly extended with the late return of Notre Dame to the schedule, but Nebraska placed one more team on the 1918 slate when they scheduled the Washington University team as a postseason charity game. The Washington Pikers, led by former 1913 Cornhusker star HB Richard Rutherford, allowed Nebraska the first points, but then held off the Cornhuskers for the rest of the game while racking up 20 points in response. This was the first meeting of these squads despite having shared conference affiliations for many years.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season
Perhaps it was due to the ever-shifting rosters and loose approach to allowing personnel to play who were not normally permitted to do so, as caused by the war and flu epidemic, but a glance at the official roster for the 1918 season lists two players by last name only: "Kline" and "Schissler." A review of the season's coaching staff perhaps reveals who these semi-anonymous players were.


1918 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season
Coach Kline finished the abbreviated season 2–3–1 (.417), but under the difficult circumstances of the time this was as good an outcome as might have otherwise been expected. With the end of the war, a return to normalcy for 1919 was anticipated. The program's overall record slipped with the losses to 166–54–12 (.741).


1918 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1918 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918, and featured former Lieutenant Governor Samuel R. McKelvie, a Republican, defeating incumbent Democratic Governor, Keith Neville.


1918 Nevada gubernatorial election
The 1918 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Democrat Emmet D. Boyle defeated Republican nominee Tasker Oddie with 52.08% of the vote.


1918 New Hampshire football team
The 1918 New Hampshire football team was an American football team slated to represent New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1918 college football season—the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. However, due to World War I, the varsity season was cancelled. The school did field a team composed of Student Army Training Corps (SATC) personnel, which played a five-game schedule.


1918 New Hampshire football team, Varsity
New Hampshire's varsity team had an eight-game schedule planned, which was released in March 1918. None of the games were played, and by mid-October the season was abandoned, as head coach William "Butch" Cowell was commissioned in the United States Army; he would be discharged in December 1918. The team would have been captained by E. Dewey Graham; he would later captain the 1919 varsity team.


1918 New Hampshire football team, SATC
By early November, the Student Army Training Corps (SATC) had selected a 35-man roster and was holding practices. The team was coached by Edson D. "Chuck" Sanborn, who had been captain of New Hampshire's 1908 team. Five games with other teams were organized, most being played after the Armistice with Germany.


1918 New Hampshire football team, SATC
These games do not appear in New Hampshire's media guide, as this was not a varsity team.


1918 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1918 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Republican nominee John H. Bartlett defeated Democratic nominee Nathaniel E. Martin with 54.13% of the vote.


1918 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1918 New Mexico gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918.


1918 New Mexico gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Washington Ellsworth Lindsey lost the Republican nomination.


1918 New Mexico gubernatorial election
Republican nominee Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo defeated Democratic nominee Felix Garcia with 50.50% of the vote.


1918 New Year Honours
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January, February and March 1918.


1918 New Year Honours
Unlike the 1917 New Year Honours, the 1918 honours included a long list of new knights bachelor and baronets, but again the list was dominated by rewards for war efforts. As The Times reported: "The New Year Honours represent largely the circumstances of war, and, perhaps, as usual, they also reflect human nature in an obvious form. The list is one of the rare opportunities for the public to scan the names of soldiers who have distinguished themselves in service."


1918 New Year Honours
The recipients of the Order of the British Empire were not classified as being within Military or Civilian divisions until following the war.


1918 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1918 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor
The King appointed the following to His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:


1918 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, Knight Cmdr. (KCSI)
In recognition of the services rendered by the native States of India during the War


1918 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)
In recognition of Services rendered by the Native States of India during the War —


1918 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Cmdr. of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
For services in connection with the War in France, Egypt and Salonika —


1918 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Medal of the Order of the British Empire
For services in connection with the War in which great courage or self-sacrifice has been displayed.


1918 New Year Honours (MBE)
This is a list of people appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1918 New Year Honours.


1918 New Year Honours (MBE)
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January, February and March 1918.


1918 New Year Honours (MBE)
Unlike the 1917 New Year Honours, the 1918 honours was dominated by rewards for war efforts. As The Times reported: "The New Year Honours represent largely the circumstances of war, and, perhaps, as usual, they also reflect human nature in an obvious form. The list is one of the rare opportunities for the public to scan the names of soldiers who have distinguished themselves in service."


1918 New Year Honours (MBE)
The recipients of the Order of the British Empire were not classified as being within Military or Civilian divisions until following the war.


1918 New Year Honours (MBE)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by  division (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1918 New Year Honours (MBE), Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), Military Division
For services in connection with the War in France, Egypt and Salonika —


1918 New Year Honours (MBE), Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), Civil Division
For services in connection with the War in France, Egypt and Salonika —


1918 New Year Honours (MC)
This is a list of Military Crosses awarded in the 1918 New Year Honours.


1918 New Year Honours (MC)
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January, February and March 1918.


1918 New Year Honours (MC)
Unlike the 1917 New Year Honours, the 1918 honours was dominated by rewards for war efforts. As The Times reported: "The New Year Honours represent largely the circumstances of war, and, perhaps, as usual, they also reflect human nature in an obvious form. The list is one of the rare opportunities for the public to scan the names of soldiers who have distinguished themselves in service."


1918 New Year Honours (MC)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1918 New Year Honours (MM)
This is a list of Military Medals (MM) awarded in the 1918 New Years Honours.


1918 New Year Honours (MM)
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January, February and March 1918.


1918 New Year Honours (MM)
Unlike the 1917 New Year Honours, the 1918 honours was dominated by rewards for war efforts. As The Times reported: "The New Year Honours represent largely the circumstances of war, and, perhaps, as usual, they also reflect human nature in an obvious form. The list is one of the rare opportunities for the public to scan the names of soldiers who have distinguished themselves in service."


1918 New Year Honours (MSM)
This is a list of Meritorious Service Medals (MSM) awarded in the 1918 New Years Honours.


1918 New Year Honours (MSM)
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January, February and March 1918.


1918 New Year Honours (MSM)
Unlike the 1917 New Year Honours, the 1918 honours was dominated by rewards for war efforts. As The Times reported: "The New Year Honours represent largely the circumstances of war, and, perhaps, as usual, they also reflect human nature in an obvious form. The list is one of the rare opportunities for the public to scan the names of soldiers who have distinguished themselves in service." List appears incomplete. Alphabetically jumps from D to O. Everything between is Missing


1918 New Year Honours (MSM), Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (MSM)
For valuable services rendered with the Armies in the Field during the present War —


1918 New Year Honours (OBE)
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in The London Gazette and The Times in January, February and March 1918.


1918 New Year Honours (OBE), Military Division
For services in connection with the War in France, Egypt and Salonika —


1918 New Year Honours (OBE), Civil Division
For services in connection with the War in France, Egypt and Salonika —


1918 New York Giants season
The 1918 New York Giants season was the franchise's 36th season. The team finished in second place in the National League with a 71-53 record, 10½ games behind the Chicago Cubs.


1918 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 New York Yankees season
The 1918 New York Yankees season was the 17th season for the Yankees. The team finished with a record of 60–63, finishing 13.5 games behind the American League champion Boston Red Sox. New York was managed by Miller Huggins. Their home games were played at the Polo Grounds.


1918 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1918 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1918 New York gubernatorial election
The 1918 New York gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1918, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.


1918 New York gubernatorial election
Al Smith, president of the New York City aldermen, was elected to the first of his five terms as Governor.


1918 New York gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Candidates
Osborn's candidacy was endorsed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, then serving as Assistant Secretary of the Navy. His nomination was put forth at the convention by Samuel Seabury. Al Smith handily defeated Osborn in the 1918 primary.


1918 New York state election
The 1918 New York state election was held on November 5, 1918, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary state, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1918 New York state election, History, Prohibition primary
The Prohibition state conference in July had designated State Chairman Olin S. Bishop to run in the primary for Governor, but on August 31 the enrolled party members received  a circular from Bishop urging them to vote for the incumbent Republican Governor Charles S. Whitman by writing his name in the ballot. The friends of the incumbent Republican Comptroller Eugene M. Travis gathered enough signatures to put him on the Prohibition primary ballot, and the regular candidate Claude V. Stowell also urged the party members to vote for Travis.


1918 New York state election, Result
The Democratic candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor were elected with the remainder of the Republican ticket.


1918 New York state election, Result
The incumbents Whitman and Schoeneck were defeated. The incumbents Hugo, Travis, Wells and Williams were re-elected.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1918 New Zealand rugby league season was the 11th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup
Auckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Ponsonby won the Auckland Rugby League's competition. City won the Roope Rooster.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Ponsonby then traveled to Canterbury and won the Thacker Shield from Sydenham, winning 11–0. Ponsonby included Sam Lowrie, Thomas McClymont and Bill Walsh.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Railway XIII had merged with Grafton Athletic at the start of the year. Karl Ifwersen played for Grafton.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Sydenham won the Canterbury Rugby League's competition, for which they were awarded the Thacker Shield.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Avon and Woolston joined the Canterbury Rugby League during the season.


1918 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions
The Wellington Rugby League's competition was suspended from 1916 until 1918.


1918 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election
The Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held on 13 May 1918 for the House of Commons constituency of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the historic county of Northumberland.


1918 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP Edward Shortt, as Chief Secretary for Ireland. He succeeded Henry Duke  who resigned the post in response to the announcement by Prime Minister David Lloyd George on 9 April 1918 of Irish conscription. Shortt had come to Lloyd George's attention when he made a success of chairing a select committee set up to review the difficult subject of the general administration of the Military Service Acts. Under the Parliamentary rules of the day applicable to the appointment of ministers, Shortt had to resign and fight a by-election.


1918 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Candidates
As the sitting member, Shortt was selected to fight the by-election for the Liberals. As participants in the wartime coalition the Conservatives agreed not to contest the by-election, although they did so deploring the fact that Shortt had recently voted not to apply the Military Service Acts to Ireland.


1918 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, The result
No other candidate came forward to contest the election and Shortt was returned unopposed.


1918 Nicaraguan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Nicaragua in November 1918 for half of the Deputies and a third of the Senators of the National Congress.


1918 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1918 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918. Incumbent Republican Lynn Frazier defeated Democratic nominee S. J. Doyle with 59.75% of the vote.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election
Advisory Council elections were held in Northern Rhodesia for the first time in July 1918.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election, Background
Europeans in Northern Rhodesia had been calling for elected representation since the early 1910s. When Governor-General of South Africa Herbert Gladstone visited the territory in 1911 he met with farmers from Kafue who demanded that an Administrative Council be created. However, the British South Africa Company (BSAC) insisted that there were too few Europeans in the territory (1,184) to allow powers to be transferred.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election, Background
In February 1913 the North-Western Rhodesia Farmers' Association was established, primarily to campaign for the creation of a Legislative Council. In December 1913 the BSAC announced that Europeans in the territory would be allowed to nominate two representatives that the Administrator would have to consult with.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election, Background
After a political lull caused by World War I, Leopold Moore began calling for a Legislative Council again in 1917. However, the BSAC deferred a decision until the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council had made a decision 1917 on amalgamating the territories. Although the vote in April was in favour, the elected members had a majority against and the BSAC opted not to proceed.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election, Background
In July 1917 Resident Commissioner Herbert Stanley had started work on the establishment of an administrative council. Initial plans were for it to include the Administrator, five government officials and three elected members who would not have the right to vote. Eventually it was decided that there would be five elected members.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election, Electoral system
Northern Rhodesia was split into two constituencies, North-Western Rhodesia (four seats) and North-Eastern Rhodesia (one seat). Voting was restricted to British subjects of European descent over the age of 21 who had lived in the territory for at least six months and owned at least £150 of property.


1918 Northern Rhodesian Advisory Council election, Campaign
Only one candidate, J L Bruce, ran for the North-Eastern Rhodesia seat, and was returned unopposed.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1918 Northwestern Purple team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth and final year under head coach Fred J. Murphy, the Purple compiled a 2–2–1 record (1–1 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in sixth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team
Northwestern's quarterback Marshall Underhill was selected as a first-team player on the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season.


1918 Northwestern Purple football team
In response to the Spanish flu pandemic, the football schedule was modified. The game against Ohio State for October 19 was canceled.