1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Electoral history
According to The Times newspaper, Radford, who had fought the seat of Chesterfield at the general elections of January and December 1910 was described as an unofficial Unionist. However another source indicates that Radford had been Conservative candidate in Camberwell since 1911 and that he was not only formally adopted by the local Conservatives to contest the general election against Macnamara but that he too had been granted the Coalition coupon.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Electoral history
This however conflicts with his statement at the time of the 1918 general election when Radford told The Times special correspondent that he had received a telegram from the Conservative agent for the London area, William Hayes Fisher which read “Greatly deplore paramount necessities of Coalition arrangements prevent your inclusion in the list of official candidates.” The article concludes that it was Macnamara who received the Coupon and that Radford did not. Whatever the actual situation,  Macnamara’s close connection to the prime minister, with his reputation as the Man Who Won the War, trumped whatever local or national credentials Radford possessed and Macnamara won in 1918 with 64% of the poll.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
The writ for the by-election was issued in Parliament on 22 March  and polling day was set for 31 March. Nominations closed to confirm that the election would be a three-way contest.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
The chief issue in the election was the performance and record of the Coalition government. The Times reported that support for the Coalition was crumbling in the country but although the opposition parties had made gains from the Coalition in by-elections since 1918 most government defences of their seats had been successful. Even The Times conceded too that Dr Macnamara had formidable electioneering experience.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
Macnamara and Carroll both issued election addresses on 23 March, Macnamara defending the government’s record and promising that the Coalition was doing all it could to keep the cost of living down, increase housing provision and restore the economy after the great expenses of the war. He also attacked the socialism and syndicalism of the Labour Party with great rhetorical flourish. In this he may have been influenced by the behaviour Labour supporters at one of his public meetings on 26 March who rushed in and howled him down attempting to disrupt the event.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
It was vital to Macnamara not just to retain his traditional Liberal support but also to keep the Unionist vote solidly on his side. It was important to him therefore that he received a letter of support signed by both the prime minister and by Tory leader Bonar Law in which what was described as his “close acquaintance and warm sympathy” with organised labour was highlighted. This was not simply to endorse his appointment as Minister of Labour but presumably to make a useful electoral appeal to Labour supporters. This may have been a canny move as Macnamara always regarded Labour as his principal opposition and, like Lloyd George, was keen to play up the socialist or Bolshevik menace he alleged was lurking behind the apparently moderate skirts of Miss Lawrence.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
Carroll lost no time in attacking Macnamara and the Coalition. He claimed Macnamara had ceased to be a Liberal and stated his belief that the public were disgusted with the Coalition's lack of principle and policy. He said its record was lamentable and barren. The Coalition's 1918 programme was, he declared, a deception. He came out in favour of a levy on capital wealth, Home Rule for Ireland within the Empire, cooperation in industry and temperance reform.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
Miss Lawrence was perhaps hoping for a boost from an electorate of whom half were women. It was reported however that women voters still seemed reluctant to return women to Parliament, although to be fair they had so far had little opportunity. Of the 17 women candidates who were nominated at the 1918 general election only one, Constance Markievicz of Sinn Féin, was returned and ironically she was one who did not wish to take up her seat.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
The only woman to take up her seat so far had been Nancy Astor who won the Plymouth Sutton by-election in 1919 and no other woman had stood at a by –election since 1918. It was nevertheless acknowledged that little was known at that time of the psephology of the women’s vote and there was speculation that it might after all prove decisive in Camberwell. Miss Lawrence did not however have the reputation of being an effective platform performer which was held as a factor against her. She too led on the high cost of living and she and her supporters tried to paint the Labour Party as the party of the future with the Coalition as belonging to the past.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Campaign
It was expected to be a tightly fought and close contest all round with dozens of political meetings scheduled, many outside speakers and party workers for all three candidates coming to help from all over London. There were also motor and bicycle processions as well as a profusion of placards, hoardings and posters.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Result
Macnamara retained the seat for the government with a majority of 1,885 votes, down from one of 3,039 votes at the general election. However this contest was three-cornered rather than the straight fight he had had in 1918. Despite all the hullaballoo of the campaign and the press focus on the significance of the election, the turnout was only 47.9%.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Result
Macnamara in his victory speech praised the electorate for understanding that the government had a massive task on its hands in the aftermath of the war but promised to take grievances against government policy more seriously in the future and try to explain the government position more clearly. He also hailed a victory against the forces of socialism. His win, he declared, “showed that the people were not going to hand over the fate of the country to hot-air artists at the street corners.”


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Aftermath
Macnamara's days as the local MP were however numbered. He held the seat at the 1922 general election standing as a Lloyd George National Liberal in a three-cornered contest with Labour and the official Liberals.


1920 Camberwell North West by-election, Aftermath
In 1923, now fighting as a Liberal without prefix or suffix, he just held on with a majority of 80 votes over Labour with the Conservatives also back in the fight. At the 1924 general election however he was finally ousted with the Tories taking the seat. Camberwell North West then became a Conservative-Labour marginal until its abolition in 1950. He later tried to get back into Parliament as Liberal candidate in Walsall but without success. Carroll was twice subsequently an unsuccessful Parliamentary candidate for the Liberals, at North Lanarkshire in 1922 and West Ham, Upton in 1923. Miss Lawrence was however more successful. She served as MP for East Ham North on two occasions and in 1929 succeeded Herbert Morrison as Chair of the Labour Party.


1920 Campeonato Carioca
The 1920 Campeonato Carioca, the fifteenth edition of that championship, kicked off on April 11, 1920 and ended on January 2, 1921. It was organized by LMDT (Liga Metropolitana de Desportos Terrestres, or Metropolitan Land Sports League). Ten teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 3rd time. No teams were relegated.


1920 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1920 Campeonato Paulista
The 1920 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), was the 19th season of São Paulo's top association football league. Palestra Itália won the title for the 1st time. the top scorer was Corinthians's Neco with 24 goals.


1920 Campeonato Paulista, System
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite
Canadian liquor plebiscites, held in 1920 under the Canada Temperance Act and the Dominion Elections Act, was a referendum on the continuance of postwar Prohibition by several provinces of Canada. They were held on July 10, 1920, in New Brunswick; on October 20 in British Columbia; and on October 25 in the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, and Saskatchewan.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite
The Canada Temperance Act, also known as the Scott Act, allowed provincial and municipal jurisdictions to formulate their own legislation regarding alcohol consumption based upon the results of a plebiscite; the results could not be challenged for at least three years. Between 1916 and 1919, prohibition legislation passed in all the provinces. The sale of alcoholic liquors, except for medical and scientific purposes, was prohibited, with medical need being interpreted loosely with liquor sold by pharmacists. In 1920, eight of the nine provinces of Canada decided to continue prohibition after the war. The Canadian liquor plebiscite addressed this postwar prohibition.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite
The plebiscite was set up to pose the question of banning liquor importation to provinces where prohibition had been enforced, but liquor could be ordered and imported by mail order. Ontario also had a plebiscite on the issue under the Temperance Act a few months later in 1921.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, By province
Alberta (October 25, 1920 referendum) — The question up for vote in Alberta was "Shall the importation and bringing of alcohol beverages into the province be forbidden?" After it passed, the federal government waited until February 1921 to ban the inter-provincial trade of alcohol into Alberta and by then many had stockpiled liquor.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, By province
British Columbia (October 20, 1920 referendum) — Voters were presented with the question "Which do you prefer: 1— The present prohibition act? or 2— An act to provide for the government control and sale in sealed packages of spirituous and malted liquors?" By a majority of more than 25,000 voters in British Columbia opted for the sale of liquor under regulation by the provincial government.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, By province
Manitoba (October 25, 1920 referendum) — By a majority of more than 12,000 voters opted in favor of the Canadian Temperance Act, with the prohibition against importing liquor into Manitoba to go into effect in 60 days. The vote also cleared the way for the Manitoba Temperance Act of 1920 to be proclaimed, limiting liquor to medical prescriptions of no more than 12 ounces, by government-approved dispensers.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, By province
New Brunswick (July 10, 1920 referendum) — The first provincial vote on whether to retain prohibition took place in New Brunswick, where voters approved the bar against importation of liquor by a majority of 20,000 votes. In another ballot question, the ban against the sale of light wine and against beer was approved a majority of 15,000.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, By province
Nova Scotia (October 25, 1920 referendum) — Voters in Nova Scotia gave a larger endorsement to prohibition than in the prairie provinces, with 40,000 more votes for prohibiting the importation of liquor than against it. Other than Halifax and Dartmouth, no large cities voted "wet".


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, By province
Saskatchewan (October 25, 1920 referendum) — By a majority of 10,000 voters in Saskatchewan endorsed the Canadian Temperance Act barring the importation of liquor.


1920 Canadian liquor plebiscite, Further reading
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1920 Canton Bulldogs season
The 1920 Canton Bulldogs season was the franchise's sixteenth and its first in the American Professional Football Association (APFA), which became the National Football League two years later. Jim Thorpe, the APFA's president, was Canton's coach and a back who played on the team. The Bulldogs entered the season coming off a 9–0–1 performance as Ohio League champions in 1919. The team opened the season with a 48–0 victory over the Pitcairn Quakers, and finished with a 7–4–2 record, taking eighth place in the 14-team APFA. A then-record crowd of 17,000 fans watched Canton's week 12 game against Union AA of Phoenixville.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season
The 1920 season was Thorpe's last with the Bulldogs. Thorpe, who was of mixed American Indian ancestry, left after the season to organize and play for an all-Native American team in LaRue, Ohio. Cap Edwards replaced Thorpe as the team's coach, and Wilbur Henry, Cub Buck, Harrie Dadmun, Joe Guyon, and Pete Calac were named to the All-Pro list. Three 1920 Bulldogs players—Thorpe, Guyon and Pete Henry—were later elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Offseason
Representatives of four Ohio League teams—the Bulldogs, the Cleveland Tigers, the Dayton Triangles, and the Akron Pros—called a meeting on August 20, 1920, to discuss the formation of a new league. At the meeting, they tentatively agreed on a salary cap and pledged not to sign college players or players already under contract with other teams. They also agreed on a name for the circuit: the American Professional Football Conference. They then invited other professional teams to a second meeting on September 17.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Offseason
At that meeting, held at Bulldogs owner Ralph Hay's Hupmobile showroom in Canton, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Cardinals, and the Hammond Pros agreed to join the league. Representatives of the Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting, but sent letters to Hay asking to be included in the league. Team representatives changed the league's name slightly to the American Professional Football Association and elected officers, installing Jim Thorpe as president. Under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, and representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Pitcairn Quakers
The Bulldogs opened the 1920 season against the Pitcairn Quakers. The team got out to a quick lead and was never in danger, scoring 34 points in the first quarter as back Joe Guyon rushed for three touchdowns, tackle Pete Henry caught a 15-yard touchdown pass from back Tex Grigg, and back Johnny Hendren returned an interception for a touchdown. The Bulldogs were only forced to punt once in the game, and did not attempt to score in the second and third quarters because of the large lead. In the fourth quarter, however, end Bunny Corcoran caught a 35-yard touchdown pass from Guyon, and back Ike Martin ran for a one-yard touchdown. The final score was 48–0, and Guyon was the offensive star.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. Toledo Maroons
The Bulldogs were scheduled to play their second game against the Rochester Jeffersons, but faced the Toledo Maroons after that match was cancelled. For the second game in a row the Bulldogs scored over 40 points in a shutout as Martin and Guyon dominated on offense. Martin scored the first touchdown of the game with a run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, Hendren scored a rushing touchdown, and end Tom Whelan caught a touchdown pass from Grigg. In the third quarter, Martin caught a touchdown pass from Grigg, and Grigg rushed for another. The Bulldogs' final score was a rushing touchdown from back Pete Calac in the fourth quarter. The final score was 48–0. The Maroons never got close to scoring and did not make a single a first down.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. Cleveland Tigers
The Bulldogs next faced the Cleveland Tigers, their first APFA opponent, and won 7–0 before a crowd of 7,000 people. Despite the Bulldogs' 15 first downs, the only score of the game came on Martin's 7-yard touchdown run in the first quarter. Thorpe made his season debut in the game, coming in as a substitute in the fourth quarter.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 5: at Dayton Triangles
Bulldogs battled the Dayton Triangles in week five. The Bulldogs opened the scoring in the first quarter on a two-yard rushing touchdown by Pete Calac. But the Triangles came back in the second quarter, scoring twice: back Frank Bacon had a four-yard rushing touchdown, and end Dave Reese had a 50-yard receiving touchdown. Guyon scored a 22-yard rushing touchdown during the corner, but the extra point sailed wide. In the third quarter, the Triangles responded with a 3-yard rushing touchdown by back Lou Partlow, but Dayton missed the extra point to make the score 20–14.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 5: at Dayton Triangles
Thorpe then came into the game, and kicked a 45-yard field goal to bring his team within three points. In the final minutes, Thorpe kicked another 35-yard field goal to tie it. The Triangles were the first team to score on the Bulldogs since the opening game of the previous year.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. Akron Pros
The Bulldogs' next opponent was the Akron Pros, who were undefeated at the time and were gaining attention around the league. The game was the first of a two-game series between the Bulldogs and Pros, considered to be two of the best teams in the country. In the first quarter, after an exchange of punts, Pros tackle Charlie Copley kicked a 38-yard field goal. On a Bulldog possession at midfield, a Gilroy pass was tipped by the Pros' Copley and Bob Nash. Pros tackle Pike Johnson caught the ball before it landed and ran 55 yards for a touchdown. In the third quarter, Jim Thorpe came into the game but could not get the Bulldogs back into the game.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 7: at Cleveland Tigers
Coming off their first loss, the Bulldogs faced the Cleveland Tigers in week seven. Neither team scored in the first quarter, but the Bulldogs ran for two touchdowns in the second. Calac and Grigg had 6- and 15-yard rushing touchdowns. The Bulldogs' defense forced two safeties—one in the third and one in the fourth quarter—to win the game 18–0.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 8: vs. Chicago Tigers
The Bulldogs' next matchup was against the Chicago Tigers. The first scoring came in the second quarter, when Higgins recovered a fumble and ran it back for a touchdown. In the same quarter, Henry caught an interception and ran it back 50 yards for a touchdown. Calac then ran for a one-yard touchdown in the third quarter to seal the 21–0 win.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 9: at Buffalo All-Americans
In week nine, the Bulldogs played the Buffalo All-Americans, who were undefeated at the time. Thorpe started the game but came out at halftime because he believed it would end in a tie. Both teams were slowed by a muddy field, and the football became soggy after three quarters. The lone score of the game came with under four minutes to play: a field goal from the Bulldogs' Feeney. The game was the only loss of the season for the All-Americans.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 10: at Akron Pros
In week ten, the Bulldogs played the Pros for the second time in the season. In the first quarter, a fumbled punt by the Bulldogs gave the Pros the ball at their 32-yard line. On the ensuing drive, the Pros passed for the game's lone score, a touchdown from King to Nash. The Bulldogs lost 7–0 in the first professional game played on Thanksgiving Day, which launched a yearly tradition.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 11: at Buffalo All-Americans
The following week, the Bulldogs played their second game against the All-Americans, losing 7–3. The Bulldogs did not get a first down or complete a pass during the game, but Thorpe kicked a field goal in the third quarter after a fumble recovery for the team's only score. In the fourth quarter, All-Americans tackle Youngstrom blocked a Thorpe punt and returned it for a touchdown. The Sunday Chronicle named Thorpe, Henry and Lowe as the Bulldogs' stars, while Anderson, Youngstrom, and Miller were the standouts for the All-Americans.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 11: at Washington Glee Club
The following day, the Bulldogs played the non-APFA Washington Glee Club. Coming into the game, the Glee Club allowed just seven points all season. The teams tied 0–0 before a crowd of 3,000 people.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 12: at Union AA of Phoenixville
In their third game in seven days, the Bulldogs played Union AA of Phoenixville, who came into the game undefeated. Before the largest recorded crowd of the season, the Bulldogs lost to Union AA 13–7. Neither team scored in the first quarter, but each scored a touchdown in the second. The Bulldogs' Calac had a six-yard rushing touchdown, and Union AA's, Hayes caught a six-yard pass from Scott for a touchdown. In the third quarter, Union AA's Hayes blocked a punt and ran it back for a touchdown, sealing the win. Despite not being part of the APFA, AA of Phoenixville after the season called themselves the "US Professional Champions".


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Game summaries, Week 13: at Richmond AC
The Bulldogs beat Richmond AC 39–0 in the final game of the season. Richmond AC was not part of the APFA, and this was the team's only game in 1920. The Bulldogs scored 13 points in the first, third, and fourth quarter to win in the shutout. Guyon scored two rushing touchdowns, while Jim Thorpe threw touchdown passes to Corcoran and Lowe. The other two touchdowns came on runs by Whelen and Grigg. Guyon made two field goals, and Thorpe added a third.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Standings
Awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup and named APFA Champions. Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1920 Canton Bulldogs season, Post-season
Hurt by losses to the Akron Pros and Buffalo All-Americans, the Bulldogs did not contend for the APFA trophy in 1920. Following the season, Thorpe left to start a new club composed of Native Americans in LaRue, Ohio and Cap Edwards took over as head coach. Sportswriter Bruce Copeland compiled the All-Pro list for the 1920 season, naming the Bulldogs' Wilbur Henry to the first team. Cub Buck, Harry Dadmun, and Joe Guyon were on the second team, and Pete Calac was on the third team. Three men who played for the 1920 Canton Bulldogs were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Thorpe and Pete Henry in 1963 and Guyon in 1966.


1920 Cardiff City Council election
The 1920 Cardiff City Council election was held on Monday 1 November 1920 to elect councillors to Cardiff City Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. It took place on the same day as many other local elections in Wales and England.


1920 Cardiff City Council election
This was the second annual all-Cardiff elections since the 1914-18 Great War. The previous elections were in November 1919 and the next annual all-Cardiff elections were to take place in November 1921.


1920 Cardiff City Council election
The election saw campaigning to stop the Labour Party repeating its successes of November 1919.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Background
Cardiff County Borough Council had been created in 1889. Cardiff became a city in 1905. Elections to the local authority were held annually, though not all council seats were included in each contest, because the three councillors in each ward stood down for election in three-yearly rotation. Ten seats in ten electoral wards were up for election in November 1920.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Background
The council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Background
The previous all-Cardiff elections in 1919 had seen significant gains of seats for the Labour Party and Ex-Servicemen candidates.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
In November 1920 contests took place in eight of the ten Cardiff electoral wards. The two retiring Conservative Party councillors in the Central and South wards were elected unopposed.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
The Western Mail was partisan in South Wales, having campaigned for two months to stop the Labour "extremists" from repeating their successes of 1919. In the Canton, Grangetown, Riverside, Roath and Splott wards the Conservative and Liberal parties came together to put forward a joint candidate, so as to not split the vote.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
The Liberal-Conservative Coalition candidates won by substantial majorities over Labour in four of the five wards in which they stood. In contrast, Labour's Herbert Hiles won against the Coalition candidate (who was the retiring member) in the Splott ward. The only other sitting candidate (a Liberal) to lose their seat was in the Park ward, where the Conservatives won the contest.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
Turnout was substantially up on 1919 (42.4%) with 55.1% turning up to vote in November 1920. Women voters often outnumbered men, in some wards by 2 to 1.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition
Following the November 1919 election the balance on the city council was 17 Liberal, 15 Conservative, 4 Labour, 3 Ex-Servicemen, 1 Independent. In 1920 Labour increased their number by one, as did the Independents. Four previously Liberal/Conservative members were elected as, or were replaced by 'Coalition' members.


1920 Cardiff City Council election, Ward results, Adamsdown
Curran had stood unsuccessfully for the Liberal Party in the Cardiff South UK parliamentary ward for the 1918 General Election.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite
The Carinthian plebiscite (German: Kärntner Volksabstimmung, Slovene: Koroški plebiscit) was held on 10 October 1920 in the area predominantly settled by Carinthian Slovenes. It determined the final southern border between the Republic of Austria and the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) after World War I.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Background
After the defeat of the multi-ethnic Austria-Hungary and the ruling Habsburg dynasty in World War I, new states arose in its former territory. Among these there was an internationally unrecognized State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which was created in the final days of the war according to the 1917 Corfu Declaration, and merged with the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on December 1, 1918.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Background
Determination of borders between the new countries was complex and difficult, and not always peaceful: While the northwestern border with the Kingdom of Italy along the "Julian March" was already determined by the 1915 Treaty of London, the demarcation line between Yugoslavia and the rump state of German-Austria was a difficult and highly disputed matter. The principle of self-determination, championed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, was taken up by both Slovenes and German-Austrians in the Carinthian, Styrian and Carniolan lands of the defunct Habsburg empire. The rising tensions culminated in clashes of arms, as on Marburg's Bloody Sunday in Lower Styria and the continued fighting of paramilitary groups in southeastern Carinthia.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Background
In particular the "Carinthian question" had become an issue in the closing days of World War I, when events developed rapidly, beginning with territorial claims by the Slovenian National Assembly on October 17, 1918. These claims were rejected by the Carinthian provisional Landtag assembly on 25 October 1918, declaring the state's accession to German-Austria. From November 5, Yugoslav forces moved into the settlement area of the Carinthian Slovenes from the Karawanks mountain range down to the Drava River and beyond. The Landtag assembly fled from Klagenfurt to the northwestern town of Spittal an der Drau and on 11 November officially demanded self-determination, which in this case amounted to demanding a plebiscite for a region with a mixed population.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Background
With the occupation of southeastern Carinthia by Yugoslav troops, the confrontation evolved into armed clashes. The provisional Carinthian government under Governor Arthur Lemisch decided to take up arms to preserve the southern Carinthian border on the Karawanks range. The bitter fighting of paramilitary groups around Arnoldstein and Ferlach alarmed the Entente powers. They arbitrated a ceasefire, whereafter a nine-day U.S. Army commission under Lt.Col. Sherman Miles scouted the disputed region in January and February 1919 and made the crucial recommendation that the Karawanks frontier should be retained, thus opening the possibility of a plebiscite.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Background
Yugoslav representatives urged for a border on the Drava; American delegates however spoke in favor of preserving the unity of the Klagenfurt Basin and convinced the British and French delegations. Until May 7, all occupied Carinthian territories were vacated. When Yugoslav forces under General Rudolf Maister made an attempt to re-enter the region on 28 May 1919, they were forced to withdraw by the Entente authorities.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Background
The question was whether the considerable Slovene-speaking majority in the state's southeastern region, adjoining the Karawanks range, would carry the vote for union with Austria or whether that majority wished to join a newly created South Slavic state. This was to a large extent a consequence of rising romantic nationalism under the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy and the idea of an autonomy of the "Slovene lands", referring to the early medieval Slavic principality of Carantania, which had perished in the ninth century. A common state with other South Slavic peoples seemed the most acceptable compromise toward fulfillment of nationalist strivings.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Plebiscite
The Treaty of Saint-Germain with the Republic of Austria, signed on 10 September 1919, should have determined the Austrian-Yugoslav border. It ascertained that some small parts of Carinthia—i.e. the Meža Valley (German: Mießtal) with the town of Dravograd (Unterdrauburg) and the Jezersko (Seeland) municipal area—should be incorporated into the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the fate of wider southeastern Carinthia area down to the Klagenfurt basin was to be determined by a plebiscite.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Plebiscite
Wanting to resolve the conflict peacefully, the Allied victors in World War I divided southeastern Carinthia into two zones, "A" in the south and "B" in the north. A two-stage referendum was to be held to determine annexation by either Austria or the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, in the smaller Zone B only if a majority of the people in Zone A would have voted for Yugoslavia.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Plebiscite
The population of Zone A was predominantly Slovene-speaking: according to the pre-war Austrian census of 1910, people in these municipalities who used Slovene as their primary language represented nearly 70% of the population; while the number of ethnic Slovenes was probably higher. German speakers were concentrated in the town of Völkermarkt and certain smaller localities, especially around Bleiburg (Slovene: Pliberk) and Ferlach (Borovlje).


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Plebiscite
Before the plebiscite, both sides waged intensive propaganda campaigns. Austrian propaganda emphasized the economic benefits of maintaining the unity of the Klagenfurt Basin and appealed to feelings of Carinthian unity and brotherhood between the Slovene- and German-speaking peoples of Carinthia. Conducted in the Slovene Carinthian dialect, Austrian propaganda promised that the Slovene language and national identity would be treated as equal to the German in Austria, officially confirmed by the Carinthia Landtag assembly two weeks before the plebiscite was held. It nevertheless also had an anti-Yugoslav tendency, picturing the conditions in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes as chaotic.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Plebiscite
Yugoslav propaganda almost exclusively used arguments emphasizing Slovene national awareness. It took an aggressive anti-German view from the beginning and turned to economic issues only in the last few weeks before the plebiscite. The campaigners were not capable of using the political instability of the young Austrian republic and its then unenviable position in the international community for advantage.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Plebiscite
Despite the six-months term determined by the Treaty of Saint-Germain, the referendum was not held in Zone A until October 10, 1920. In addition to changing the date of the plebiscite, other terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain allegedly were ignored or changed: an Austrian representative was accepted into the commission, and the plebiscite commission changed rules by not allowing the Yugoslav military to control the border between Zones A and B on 8 June 1920. Instead the Yugoslav army had to withdraw from Zone A in accord with the decision of the plebiscite commission on 18 September 1920. Changes may also have been made in electoral registers which allowed people from northern Zone B voting in Zone A, backing the Austrian side. In the following decades both sides would continue to interpret and instrumentalize the plebiscite's circumstances in their own way.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Results
The outcome of the plebiscite held on 10 October, was 22,025 votes (59.1% of the total cast) in favor of adhesion to Austria and 15,279 (40.9%) in favor of annexation by the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Assuming that the whole German-speaking minority had voted for Austria, half of all Carinthian Slovene had also decided to remain with the Republic. While a majority in the remote Alpine villages on the slopes of the Karawanks range voted for Yugoslavia, the inhabitants of the densely settled Klagenfurt Basin were motivated by their evolved social and cultural, not least economic ties to the central Carinthian region.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Results
After the Austrian option had gained a majority of votes in predominantly Slovene Zone A, the second stage of the referendum in northern Zone B, populated chiefly by German speakers, was not carried out. Another Yugoslav foray was fiercely rejected by the Entente powers. The Carinthian Plebiscite region was placed under Austrian administration on 18 November 1920 and declared part of the sovereign Austrian Republic on November 22. Up to today, October 10 is a public holiday in the State of Carinthia.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Results
The plebiscite ultimately determined the border between Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. The border remained unchanged after World War II, even as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia gave way to Tito's Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, though at the end of the war Yugoslav Partisans again briefly occupied the area, including the capital city of Klagenfurt. Since the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the border has separated Austria and Slovenia.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Yugoslav resistance
The Yugoslav government in Belgrade initially declared victory in the plebiscite. After it became clear that the residents had voted in favor of Austria, Yugoslavia moved troops into the zone and occupied several towns; the military commanders stated that they did not recognize the authority of the plebiscite commission. At the same time, it was reported that there were riots, looting of shops, and beatings of ethnic Germans in nearby Maribor, which had a large German population but had been awarded to Yugoslavia in 1919. In late October, the Yugoslav government agreed to honor the outcome of the plebiscite and withdraw its troops from the zone.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Yugoslav resistance, Libeliče
The residents of Libeliče (German: Leifling), the easternmost village of Zone A, were pro-Yugoslav and helped organize pro-Yugoslav rallies throughout Zone A prior to the plebiscite. On the day of the plebiscite, a large majority of the village voted for Yugoslavia; however, along with the rest of Zone A it was placed under Austrian administration. The people of the village were unwilling to accept the outcome. On a daily basis, the barbed wire on the border was cut and boundary stones were removed.


1920 Carinthian plebiscite, Yugoslav resistance, Libeliče
Regular rallies in the village and its surroundings encouraged increasingly more people to join the rebellion, deliberately ignoring any Austrian law passed after the plebiscite. The coordinators of the rebellion managed to establish contact with high-ranking politicians in Ljubljana and later also in Belgrade. Finally, the governments of Austria and Yugoslavia managed to agree on a territorial exchange: Austria ceded to Yugoslavia the territory of Libeliče and received in compensation an equally sized area on the left bank of the Drava, consisting of the predominantly German-speaking settlements of Rabenstein (Slovene: Rabštajn pri Labotu) and Lorenzenberg (Slovene: Šentlovrenc). The handover of the territories took place on October 1, 1922. This was the final demarcation between Austria and Yugoslavia (and its current legal successor Slovenia), still effective as of today.


1920 Case Scientists football team
The 1920 Case Scientists football team was an American football team that represented Case School of Applied Science (now part of Case Western Reserve University) as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1920 college football season. In their first year under head coach Harry H. Canfield, the team compiled a 2–8–1 record.


1920 Central Michigan Normalites football team
The 1920 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1920 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Joe Simmons, the Central Michigan football team compiled a 4–3–1 record, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 166 to 41. The team's victories were against Ferris State (80–0 and 34–0), Olivet (7–0), and Hope (17–0), and the tie was with Detroit City College (6–6). The team lost to the 1920 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team (6–7), the Michigan Agricultural frosh team (6–14), and Hillsdale (10–14).


1920 Central Michigan Normalites football team
Coach Simmons was a recent graduate of Carthage College in Kenosha, Wisconsin, where he earned 16 varsity letters in four sports. He later coached high school football in Milwaukee.


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team
The 1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team represented Centre College in the 1920 college football season. The Praying Colonels scored 546 points while allowing 62 points and capped off their season by defeating TCU, 63–7 in the Fort Worth Classic.


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team, Season
Centre opened the season with three straight wins by a combined score of 241–0, beating Morris Harvey, 66–0; the Howard Bulldogs, 120–0; and Transylvania, 55–0.


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team, Season
A prequel to the 1921 Centre vs. Harvard football game followed; Harvard had not lost a game since 1918 and defeated visiting Centre 31–14, finishing with a record of 8–0–1. With the Harvard game tied 7–7, it was 4th down and 6 at the 30-yard line. Instead of punting, McMillin "defied every "don't" in the football book" and tossed a touchdown pass.


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team, Season
A loss at Georgia Tech followed, 24–0; Georgia Tech finished its season 8–1, having outscored its opponents 312–16. One writer recalled he heard a story that Tech tackle Bill Fincher sought to knock Bo McMillin out of the game, taking with him brass-knuckles or "something equally diabolical."


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team, Season
Centre then defeated DePauw, 34–0, in Indianapolis;Kentucky, 49–0, at Lexington; VPI, 28–0, in Louisville; and the Georgetown Tigers, 103–0.


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team, Postseason
Centre then traveled to Fort Worth, Texas for a bowl game, the Fort Worth Classic, against undefeated TCU. TCU entered the game with a record of 9–0, including wins at Arkansas (19–2) and at Baylor (21–9). Texas Christian had attained its perfect record while outscoring its opponents 163-46. Centre won the game handily. Accounts of the final score vary; some sources say Centre won 63-7 and other sources give the final score as 77–7.


1920 Centre Praying Colonels football team, Postseason
Centre finished the season with a record of 8–2. McMillan was named to the 1920 College Football All-America Team.


1920 Chair of Physical Chemistry
The 1920 Chair of Physical Chemistry is a prestigious professorship at Cambridge University. For the first six decades of its existence, the incumbent was also Head of the Department of Physical Chemistry - a separate entity from the then Department of Chemistry, albeit latterly occupying the same building. Following the merger of these two departments in the early 1980s, holders of this Chair have often served as Head of the current unified Department of Chemistry.


1920 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1920 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1920 college football season. In their second season under head coach Silas Williams, the Moccasins completed its 8-game schedule with a record of 3 wins, 4 losses, and 1 tie.


1920 Chicago American Giants season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Cbl62 (talk | contribs) at 12:42, 9 September 2020 (tweak). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1920 Chicago American Giants season
The 1920 Chicago American Giants baseball team represented the Chicago American Giants in the Negro National League (NNL) during the 1920 baseball season. The team compiled a 49–21–3 (.692) record and won the first NNL pennant. Rube Foster was the team's owner and manager. The team played its home games at Schorling Park in Chicago.


1920 Chicago American Giants season
The team's leading pitchers were Dave Brown (13–3, 1.82 ERA, 101 strikeouts), Tom Williams (12–4, 1.83 ERA), and Tom Johnson (11–0, 1.84 ERA).


1920 Chicago Boosters season
The 1920 Chicago Boosters season was their first season in existence. The team was independent and posted a 7-1-6 record. They played in one APFA game.


1920 Chicago Boosters season, Schedule
The table below was compiled using the information from The Pro Football Archives. The winning teams score is listed first. If a cell is greyed out and has "N/A", then that means there is an unknown figure for that game. Green-colored rows indicate a win; yellow-colored rows indicate a tie; and red-colored rows indicate a loss.


1920 Chicago Cubs season
The 1920 Chicago Cubs season was the 49th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 45th in the National League and the 5th at Wrigley Field (then known as "Weeghman/Cubs Park"). The Cubs finished sixth in the National League with a record of 75–79.


1920 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
(a) Not credited with an RBI for his home run, according to Baseball Reference and Retrosheet.


1920 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1920 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1920 college football season. In their 29th season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 3–4 record, finished in eighth place in the Big Ten Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 77 to 27.


1920 Chicago Tigers season
The 1920 Chicago Tigers season was their sole season in the National Football League. The team finished 2–5–1, tying them for eleventh in the league.


1920 Chicago Tigers season, Offseason
The Chicago Tigers were formed in 1920. After the 1919 season, representatives of four Ohio League, a loose organization of professional football teams, teams—the Canton Bulldogs, the Cleveland Tigers, the Dayton Triangles, and the Akron Pros—called a meeting on August 20, 1920, to discuss the formation of a new league. At the meeting, they tentatively agreed on a salary cap and pledged not to sign college players or players already under contract with other teams. They also agreed on a name for the circuit: the American Professional Football Conference. They then invited other professional teams to a second meeting on September 17.


1920 Chicago Tigers season, Offseason
At that meeting, held at Bulldogs owner Ralph Hay's Hupmobile showroom in Canton, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Cardinals, and the Hammond Pros agreed to join the league. Representatives of the Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting but sent letters to Hay asking to be included in the league. Team representatives changed the league's name slightly to the American Professional Football Association and elected officers, installing Jim Thorpe as president. Under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, so there were no minimum or maximum number of games needed to be played. Also, representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy.


1920 Chicago Tigers season, Game summaries, Week 6: at Rock Island Independents
In week six, the Tigers played the Rock Island Independents. The Independents out-gained the Tigers in first downs, 14 to 3. The first score of the game was a 6-yard rushing touchdown by Independents' Fred Chicken; however, the extra point was missed, so the score was only 6–0. The Tigers took the lead in the second quarter after Annan had a 2-yard rushing touchdown. Chicken ended up having two rushing touchdowns, and Wyman had another rushing touchdown, as the Independents beat the Tigers 20–7.


1920 Chicago Tigers season, Game summaries, Week 8: at Canton Bulldogs
The Tigers' next matchup was against the Canton Bulldogs. Hay cancelled his game against the Hammond Pros and decided to challenge the Tigers instead because he believed the Tigers were a better team. The first scoring came in the second quarter, when the Bulldogs' Bob Higgins recovered a fumble and ran it back for a touchdown. In the same quarter, Henry caught an interception and ran it back 50 yards for a touchdown. Calac then ran for a one-yard touchdown in the third quarter to seal the 21–0 win.


1920 Chicago Tigers season, Standings
Awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup and named APFA Champions. Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1920 Chicago White Sox season
The 1920 Chicago White Sox season was a season in American baseball.


1920 Chicago White Sox season
The team was in contention to defend their American League pennant going into the final week of the season. However, for all intents and purposes, the season ended on September 26, when news of the Black Sox Scandal became public.


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Black Sox Scandal
Owner Charles Comiskey suspended the five players who were still active (the sixth, ringleader Chick Gandil, opted to retire after the 1919 season).


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Black Sox Scandal
At that time, the White Sox were only a half-game behind the Cleveland Indians, but went 2–2 over their last four games to finish two games out.


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Black Sox Scandal
They would not finish in the first division again until 1936.


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Historic Record in 1920
The 1920 White Sox are one of only two teams in baseball history (The other being the 1971 Baltimore Orioles) to have four 20-game winners: Red Faber, Lefty Williams, Eddie Cicotte, and Dickie Kerr. (The '20 White Sox went one better than the '71 Orioles, in that they had four 21+ game winners.)


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season
Shoeless Joe Jackson finished third in AL batting average, and Eddie Collins was fifth. Along with the St. Louis Browns, the team was the first in major league history to have three players with at least 200 hits each: Jackson, Collins, and Buck Weaver.


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
The White Sox became the first team to have four 20-game winners in the same pitching rotation.


1920 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1920 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Normal School (Chico) during the 1920 college football season. Chico State competed as an independent in 1920. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.


1920 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1920 Wildcats had no formal head coach for the first three games of the season. L. Clementz was head coach for the last three games. Chico State finished the season with a record of three wins and three losses (3–3). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 95–117 for the season.


1920 Chilean presidential election
The 1920 Chilean presidential election was the 22nd presidential election, held on Friday, June 25, 1920. The Liberal Alliance candidate Arturo Alessandri defeated the National Union candidate Luis Barros Borgoño in the last Chilean election to have been decided by the Electoral college. The results were a turning point for Chilean history, setting the end of the succession of oligarch and 19th-century governments and the start of a new, modern one run by the middle class.


1920 Chilean presidential election
Incumbent president Juan Luis Sanfuentes couldn't run for a second term, as specified in the 1871 reform of the Chilean Constitution. Arturo Alessandri and Eliodoro Yáñez, both Liberals, became the favourite candidates for the Liberal Alliance, formed by the half of the Liberal party, the Radicals, the Democrats, the Doctrinals and others. Alessandri won the 1920 Liberal Alliance Convention in the 2nd ballot, defeating Yáñez, Enrique Mac Iver and Armado Quezada (both Radicals).


1920 Chilean presidential election
The National Union, formed by the National, Liberal Democratic and Nationalist parties and the other half of the Liberals, was divided between those who wanted to come closer to the conservatives and those who did not. Luis Barros Borgoño, Enrique Zañartu and Ismael Tocornal were the principal candidates. The first one won the 1920 National Union Convention with the support of the Conservative Party.


1920 Chilean presidential election
The election was held in a tense and violent political environment, where the social issues, the Legislative power primacy over the Executive and the separation of church and state were at stake. Both candidates proposed similar government plans, with the main difference being Alessandri's fervent campaign, which included passionate speeches from balconies, to rallies with the Chilean middle class. During his campaign, Alessandri spoke against the rule of the oligarchy and advocated for democratic and renovating reforms. On the contrary, Barros Borgoño presented himself as the candidate of tranquillity and seriousness, accusing his opponent of fomenting class hatred. A third candidate, Luis Emilio Recabarren, from the Socialist Workers' Party, also run in the election, still knowing he had little chances of winning, but stating the election to be just an intern conflict between different branches of the oligarchy.


1920 Chilean presidential election
The election results were almost a tie and were heavily disputed by both sides: the two candidates claimed victory. In the following months, political violence arouse in the country, with the population fearing a revolution. As a response to uncertainty and fraud accusations, a Tribunal of Honour was created to perform a detailed examination of the results. This solution was agreed upon by both parties. On September 30, the verdict was given, giving 177 electoral votes to Alessandri and 176 to Barros Borgoño. The first was declared the winner of the election, and the results modified by the Tribunal were accepted by the Congress in October.


1920 Chilean presidential election, Election, Results
The total vote for the election was 166,115, a decrease of eight million from 1915. The exact popular vote for each candidate in the past election is unknown, making impossible to determinate which alliance increased or decreased in that ambit.


1920 Chilean presidential election, Election, Results
Source: "1920 Presidential Election". Chilean Elections Database. Retrieved March 20, 2021.


1920 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1920 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference during the 1920 college football season. In their third season under head coach Boyd Chambers, the Bearcats compiled a 4–5 record (3–2 against conference opponents). Dan Fries was the team captain. The team played its home games at Carson Field in Cincinnati.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1920 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished third in the National League with a record of 82–71, 10½ games behind the Brooklyn Robins.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
Following a very successful 1919 season, in which the Reds won the National League pennant and then defeated the Chicago White Sox in the 1919 World Series, the team had a very quiet off-season, with no notable transactions. After winning 96 games in 1919, expectations were high in Cincinnati that the club would contend for the pennant again in 1920.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Cincinnati started off the season strong, sweeping the Chicago Cubs in a three-game series to begin the season, and after 12 games, the club was in first place with a solid 9-3 record. The team ran into a bit of trouble throughout the month of May, going 10-12 over a 22-game span to drop their overall record to 19-15, as the Reds were battling the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Robins for first place.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The Reds remained in the hunt for the pennant throughout the month of June, and on June 30, the club had a 35-26 record, and a three-game lead over the second place Robins and Cubs. Throughout the summer and into September, the Reds, Robins and Cubs continued to battle in the pennant race, with Cincinnati holding a 1.5 game lead over Brooklyn after sweeping the St. Louis Cardinals in a double header on Labor Day. On September 5, the Reds lost starting pitcher Slim Sallee to the New York Giants on waivers.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Cincinnati struggled over their last 25 games of the season, earning a record of 8-17, and fell completely out of the pennant race. On October 2, the Reds and the Pittsburgh Pirates played in the last tripleheader of the 20th century held at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, with the Reds winning two of the games.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Overall, Cincinnati finished the season with a record of 82-71, placing in third in the National League, 10.5 games behind the Brooklyn Robins. This marked the fourth consecutive season the team finished with a winning record.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Outfielder Edd Roush had another excellent season, leading the Reds with a .339 batting average, four home runs, 90 RBI and 36 stolen bases in 149 games. First baseman Jake Daubert batted .304 with four home runs and 48 RBI in 142 games. Third baseman Heinie Groh hit .298 with 49 RBI in 145 games, while outfielder Pat Duncan had a solid .295 batting average with two home runs and 83 RBI in 154 games.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On the mound, Jimmy Ring led the pitching staff, as he finished with a 17-16 record with a 3.54 ERA in 42 games played. Ring led the club with 266.2 innings pitched. Dutch Ruether had another solid season, earning a record of 16-12 with a team best 2.47 ERA in 265.1 innings pitched over 37 games. Ruether also led the Reds with 23 complete games and 99 strikeouts.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Despite failing to qualify for the World Series, the Reds set a team record for attendance for the second consecutive season, with 568,107 fans attending games, an increase of over 30,000 fans over the 1919 season.


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1920 Clemson Tigers football team represented Clemson Agricultural College during the 1920 college football season. Under fourth year head coach Edward Donahue, the team posted a 4–6–1 record. Boo Armstrong was the captain.


1920 Clemson Tigers football team, Bibliography
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1920 Clemson Tigers football team, Bibliography
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1920 Cleveland Indians season
The 1920 Cleveland Indians season was the 20th season in franchise history. The Indians won the American League pennant and proceeded to win their first World Series title in the history of the franchise. Pitchers Jim Bagby, Stan Coveleski and Ray Caldwell combined to win 75 games. Despite the team's success, the season was perhaps more indelibly marked by the death of starting shortstop Ray Chapman, who died after being hit by a pitch on August 16.


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season
During the season, Jim Bagby became the last pitcher to win 30 games in one season for the Indians in the 20th century.


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season
On August 17, shortstop Ray Chapman died after being hit by a pitch in a game against the Yankees, becoming the second of only two Major League Baseball players to have died as a result of an injury received in a game (the first was Mike "Doc" Powers in 1909).


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1920 Cleveland Indians season, 1920 World Series
On October 10, 1920, which was the fifth game of the World Series, Bill Wambsganss of the Indians executed an unassisted triple play. He caught a line drive, touched second base, and tagged the runner coming from first base. On the same day, Elmer Smith hit the first grand slam in World Series history. During that same game, Indians pitcher Jim Bagby became the first pitcher to hit a home run in World Series history.


1920 Cleveland Indians season, 1920 World Series, Game 1
October 5, 1920, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1920 Cleveland Indians season, 1920 World Series, Game 2
October 6, 1920, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1920 Cleveland Indians season, 1920 World Series, Game 3
October 7, 1920, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1920 Cleveland Indians season, Composite box
1920 World Series (5–2): Cleveland Indians (A.L.) over Brooklyn Robins (N.L.)


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season
The 1920 Cleveland Tigers season was the franchise's inaugural season in the American Professional Football Association (APFA) and fifth total as an American football team. The Tigers entered the season coming off a 5-win, 2-loss, 2-tie (5–2–2) record in 1919. After the 1919 season, several representatives from the Ohio League, a loose organization of professional football teams, wanted to form a new professional league; thus, the APFA was created.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season
The Tigers opened the season with a 0–0 tie against the Dayton Triangles, en route to a 2–4–2 record, which placed the team 10th in the final standings. In week 8, the Tigers scored 7 points against the Akron Pros, which was the only points Akron allowed all season. The sportswriter Bruce Copeland compiled the 1920 All-Pro list, but no players from the Tigers were on it. As of 2012, no player from the 1920 Tigers roster has been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Offseason
The Cleveland Tigers finished 5–2–2 in their 1919 season in the Ohio League. After the 1919 season, representatives of four Ohio League teams—the Canton Bulldogs, the Tigers, the Dayton Triangles, and the Akron Pros—called a meeting on August 20, 1920, to discuss the formation of a new league. At the meeting, they tentatively agreed on a salary cap and pledged not to sign college players or players already under contract with other teams. They also agreed on a name for the circuit: the American Professional Football Conference. They then invited other professional teams to a second meeting on September 17.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Offseason
At the second meeting, held at Bulldogs owner Ralph Hay's Hupmobile showroom in Canton, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Cardinals, and the Hammond Pros agreed to join the league. Representatives of the Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting, but sent letters to Hay asking to be included in the league. Team representatives changed the league's name slightly to the American Professional Football Association and elected officers, installing Jim Thorpe as president. Under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, so there were no minimum or maximum number of games needed to be played. Also, representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 3: at Dayton Triangles
In their opening game of the 1920 season, the Tigers played the Dayton Triangles. The Triangles were coming off a historic game; it was the first match between two APFA teams. No team scored in this game, and it ended in a 0–0 tie.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 4: at Canton Bulldogs
The Tigers next faced the Canton Bulldogs, which would be the Bulldogs' first APFA opponent. The Tigers lost 7–0 before a crowd of 7,000 people. The Bulldogs' offense had 15 first downs, and the only score of the game came when the Bulldogs' Ike Martin had a 7-yard touchdown run in the first quarter. Jim Thorpe of the Bulldogs, who would later be enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, made his season debut in the game, coming in as a substitute in the fourth quarter.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 5: at Akron Pros
The Akron Pros were the Tigers' next opponent. Playing in front of 6,000 fans, the game was called a "punting duel" by the Youngstown Vindicator. The only score came from a punt block by Akron's Bob Nash in the first quarter. Nash grabbed the ball from the Tigers' punter, Stan Cofall, on the 8-yard line and ran in for the score. With an extra point from Charlie Copley, the Pros defeated the Tigers 7–0 to keep their undefeated season alive. During the game, injuries for both teams occurred. Pollard of the Pros dislocated his right shoulder, and Toughey Conn for the Tigers injured his right leg in the fourth quarter.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. Columbus Panhandles
In week 6, the Tigers played against the Columbus Panhandles. In front of 5,000 fans, the Tigers won 7–0. The lone score came from a rushing touchdown in the second quarter from Charlie Brickley. This was the eighth straight loss for the Panhandles, dating back to 1919, and the seventh straight without scoring. According to football historian Chris Willis, this loss for the Panhandles crushed the city of Columbus and made the Panhandles challenge lesser teams for the rest of the season.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. Canton Bulldogs
Tigers' next game was played against the Canton Bulldogs, who were coming off their first loss of the season. Neither team scored in the first quarter, but the Bulldogs ran for two touchdowns in the second. Calac and Grigg had 6- and 15-yard rushing touchdowns. The Bulldogs' defense forced two safeties—one in the third and one in the fourth quarter—to win the game 18–0.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 8: vs. Akron Pros
In week eight, the Tigers had a rematch with the Pros. Playing in front of 8,000 fans, the Pros allowed their first and only points of the year from a 50-yard touchdown pass from Mark Devlin to Tuffy Conn and an extra point by Al Pierotti in the third quarter. Pollard had a 20-yard rushing touchdown in the second quarter and Copley made an extra point to tie the game at 7–7, making it the second tie of the season for the Tigers. The final score of the game was a 14–0 victory for the Tigers.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 9: vs. Toledo Maroons
The Toledo Maroons were the Tigers' next opponent. The Maroons were an independent team but joined the APFA in 1922. Prior to this game, the Maroons did not score a point against an APFA tem all season, and that streak continued into this game. In the first quarter, Baston blocked a kick and ran it for a touchdown. He would later score the game's final points in the fourth as he caught a receiving touchdown from Pierotti.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Game summaries, Week 10: at Buffalo All-Americans
In their final game of the 1920 season, the Tigers played against the Buffalo All-Americans, who were coming off their first loss of the season. The Public Ledger called the game "scrappy"; most forward passes were blocked, and neither team's offense was productive. A total of 5,000 fans showed up to the game. The All-Americans had possession on the 5-yard line and the 1-foot line, but the Tigers' defense stopped them. The only score of the game came in the third quarter. Anderson scored an 8-yard rushing touchdown.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Post-season
Due to several losses, the Triangles did not contend for the APFA trophy in 1920. The Tigers' performance of 2–4–2 would be the team's best before folding in 1921. Sportswriter Bruce Copeland compiled the 1920 All Pro team, but no players made the list. As of 2012, no players from the 1920 Dayton Triangles were enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


1920 Cleveland Tigers (NFL) season, Standings
Awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup and named APFA Champions. Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1920 Club
The 1920 Club was a short-lived London gentlemen's club, which existed between 1920 and 1923.


1920 Club
The original London club was established for Liberal supporters of the Lloyd George government, after the popular National Liberal Club began systematically blackballing Lloyd George's supporters. This was symptomatic of a deeper schism at the time, between the 'official' Liberal Party in opposition, led by H.H. Asquith (which retained control of the party machinery), and the (then-larger) faction led by Lloyd George in a coalition with the Conservatives.


1920 Club
The club opened in rooms at 2 Whitehall Court (inside what is now the Royal Horseguards Hotel), neighbouring the National Liberal Club - something the 1920 Club's committee described as 'a coincidence'. It was a relatively unusual club, in that it admitted both men and women as full members.


1920 Club
In November 1922 the Lloyd George government was defeated, and within a year the Liberal party had re-united, as a result of which the club dissolved, there no longer needing to be a separate club for Lloyd George supporters.


1920 Colgate football team
The 1920 Colgate football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1920 college football season. In its second season under head coach Ellery Huntington Jr., the team compiled a 1–5–2 record and was outscored by a total of 119 to 114. D. Belford West was the team captain. The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.


1920 College Football All-America Team
The 1920 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1920. The four selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1920 season are (1) Walter Camp (WC), whose selections were published in Collier's Weekly; (2) Football World magazine; (4) the International News Service, a news service operated by the Hearst newspapers; and (3) the Frank Menke syndicate (FM). Additional notable selectors who chose All-American teams in 1920 included Walter Eckersall (WE) of the Chicago Tribune, the United Press (UP), and The New York Times (NYT).


1920 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans
For the year 1920, the NCAA recognizes four All-America selectors as "official" for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which official and other first-team designations they received.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1920 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team
Georgia and Georgia Tech both had claims to the SIAA championship.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Composite eleven
The composite All-Southern eleven formed by the selection of 27 coaches and sporting writers culled by the Atlanta Constitution and Atlanta Journal included:


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
C = composite All-SIAA selection of 27 coaches and sporting writers culled by the Atlanta Constitution and Atlanta Journal.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
FA = selected by Frank Anderson, coach at Oglethorpe University.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
CM = selected by Charley Moran, coach at Centre College.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
X = selected by Xen C. Scott, coach at the University of Alabama.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
S = selected by H. J. Stegeman, coach at University of Georgia.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
JD = selected by James DeHart, assistant coach at University of Georgia.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
D = selected by Mike Donahue, coach at Auburn University.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
MB = selected by Morgan Blake, sports editor for the Atlanta Journal.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
BD = selected by Bruce Dudley, sports editor for the Louisville Herald.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
ED = selected by Ed Danforth, sports editor for the Atlanta Georgian.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
WGF = selected by W. G. Foster, sports editor for the Chattanooga Times, along with S. J. McAllister, coach and official.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
BH = selected by Blinkey Horn, sports editor for the Nashville Tennessean.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
SM = selected by Sam H. McMeekin of the Louisville Courier-Journal.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
ZN = selected by Zipp Newman, sports editor for the Birmingham News.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
HLL = selected by H. L. Lesbon of the Knoxville Journal and Tribune.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
JLR = selected by J. L. Ray of the Nashville Banner.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
CR = selected by Charles Rinehart, sports editor for the Louisville Courier-Journal.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
CW = selected by Cliff Wheatley, sports editor for the Atlanta Constitution.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
CEB = selected by C. E. Baker of the Macon Telegraph.


1920 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
UT = selected by University of Tennessee student publication "Pigskin Number."


1920 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1920 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1920 college football season. In their tenth season under head coach Harry W. Hughes, the Aggies compiled a 6–1–1 record (6–0–1 against RMC opponents), won the RMC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 152 to 14.


1920 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
Five Colorado Agricultural players received all-conference honors in 1920: fullback Harry Scott, tackle H.L. (Hap) Dotson, halfback Duane Hartshorn, end Charles Bresnahan, and guard Roy Ratekin.


1920 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1920 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1920 college football season. In its first season under head coach Myron E. Witham, the team compiled a 4–1–2 record (3–1–2 against RMC opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 99 to 28.


1920 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1920 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920. Incumbent Republican Oliver Henry Shoup defeated Democratic nominee James M. Collins with 59.55% of the vote.


1920 Columbia Lions football team
The 1920 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1920 college football season. In his first season, head coach Frank "Buck" O'Neill led the team to a 4–4 record, but the Lions were outscored 141 to 75 by opponents.


1920 Columbia Lions football team
The team played most of its games on South Field, part of the university's campus in Morningside Heights in Upper Manhattan.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season
The 1920 Columbus Panhandles season was the franchise's inaugural season in the American Professional Football Association (APFA)—later named the National Football League. The season concluded with the team going 2–7–2 and finishing 13th place in the APFA standings. The Panhandles entered the season after a 3–6–1 record in 1919. The team opened the 1920 season with a loss to the Dayton Triangles, and the Panhandles lost five straight until a victory over the Zanesville Mark Grays. Not a single player was on the All-Pro list.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Offseason
The Columbus Panhandles finished their 1919 season with a 3–6–1 record in the Ohio League. On August 20, 1920, a meeting was held at Ralph Hay's automobile attended by representatives of four Ohio League teams: the Canton Bulldogs, the Cleveland Tigers, the Dayton Triangles, and the Akron Pros. At the meeting, they tentatively agreed to introduce a salary cap for the teams, not to sign college players nor players under contract with another team, and became united as the American Professional Football Conference. They then contacted other major professional teams and invited them to a meeting for September 17.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Offseason
At the meeting in September, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Cardinals, the Rochester Jeffersons, and the Hammond Pros.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Offseason
The following was achieved during the September 17 meeting: the name of American Professional Football Association was chosen; officers of the league were elected with Jim Thorpe as president; a membership fee of $100 was set; a committee to draft a constitution was named; the secretary of the league was to receive a list of all players used during the season by January 1, 1921; and the trophy that would be awarded to the league champions. Even though the Panhandles were not at the meetings, they were still a charter member of the APFA.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Regular season
The Panhandles played their only home game at Neil Park. Joseph Carr made the team play mostly away games because they were able to travel on the railroads for free. This cut down on stadium cost and saved the team money. The regular season schedule was not a fixed schedule but was created dynamically by each team as the season progressed. Over the course of the 1920 season, the Panhandles played a total of 11 games. Of those 11 games, five were against APFA teams, and the others were against non-APFA teams. Every game played against league teams resulted in a loss.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Regular season
The records kept for the 1920 season included games played against APFA and non-APFA teams. The Panhandles opened the season with a 14–0 loss to the Dayton Triangles in the first football game with two APFA teams. The previous week, considered week one, the Rock Island Independents played against the St. Paul Ideals in the first APFA game. The Panhandles lost their next five games without scoring a point, until a 10–0 win over the Zanesville Mark Grays. The Panhandles ended the season with a 24–0 victory and finished with a 2–7–2 record.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Regular season, Schedule
Table gathered from The Columbus Panhandles. For the results column, the winning team's score is posted first followed by the result for the Flyers. For the attendance, if a cell is greyed out and has "N/A", then that means there is an unknown figure for that game. The green-colored cells indicates a win; and the red-colored cells indicate a loss. The games against the local teams are listed, but are not counted in the standings. This is why the record column does not change following the result of those games.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 2: at Dayton Triangles
The Panhandles' opening game against the Dayton Triangles is considered to be the first football game between two APFA teams. The Panhandles lost 14–0 to the Triangles. Despite the first two quarters resulting in ties, the crowd was excited. In the second quarter, the Triangles made a goal line stand while the Panhandles had the ball on the 3-yard line. Before halftime, the Triangles' Al Mahrt completed a 30-yard pass to Dutch Thiele, which resulted in the Triangles to having the ball on the 5-yard line. The Triangles' did not score on that possession due to the clock running out.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 2: at Dayton Triangles
Early in the third quarter, the Triangles started a possession on their own 35-yard line. Four consecutive run plays carried them to midfield. Then, Lou Partlow had a long run to the 10-yard line. The possession ended with a rushing touchdown from Partlow. The other Triangle score came in the middle of the fourth quarter. Frank Bacon returned a punt return for a 60-yard touchdown. After both touchdowns, George Kinderdine was responsible for the extra points.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 3: at Akron Pros
Following the loss, the Panhandles played against the Akron Pros. Running back Frank McCormick of the Pros rushed for two touchdowns to give Akron a 14–0 lead in the second quarter. Bob Nash later recovered a fumble in the end zone for the first score from a fumble recovery. Harry Harris and fullback Fred Sweetland also contributed for the Pros, each scoring one rushing touchdown. The defense added another safety in the fourth quarter—which was the first safety in APFA history—to give to Panhandles their second loss of the season, 37–0.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 4: at Fort Wayne Friars
In their third game of the season, the Panhandles played against the non-APFA Fort Wayne Friars. In the first ten minutes of the game, Lee Snoots was injured and had to miss the rest of the game. In front of 5,000 fans, the Panhandles lost 14–0. Huffine for the Friars scored two rushing touchdowns, one in the first and one in the third. This was the Panhandles' fourth straight loss to the Friars.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 5: at Detroit Heralds
Following the loss, the Panhandles traveled to play the Detroit Heralds, an APFA team. The Panhandles' passing attack helped them outgain the Heralds, but, according to the Ohio State Journal, it was a close game and "one play decided the outcome." The Heralds' left end, Fitzgerald, intercepted a pass from Frank Nesser and ran it back for an 85-yard touchdown.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 6: at Cleveland Tigers
In week 6, the Panhandles played against the Cleveland Tigers. In front of 5,000 fans, the Tigers won 7–0. The lone score came from a rushing touchdown in the second quarter from Charlie Brickley. This was the eighth straight loss for the Panhandles, dating back to 1919, and the seventh straight without scoring. According to football historian Chris Willis, this loss for the Panhandles crushed the city of Columbus and made the Panhandles challenge lesser teams for the rest of the season.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 7: at Zanesville Mark Greys
The Panhandles recorded their first victory of the season with a 10–0 win against the non-APFA Zanesville Mark Greys. On the day before the game, the Zanesville Signal ran an advertisement to help promote the game, and the city of Zanesville was "excited" to host the Panhandles. In the first quarter, Jim Flower caught a touchdown pass from Frank Nesser. In the same quarter, Nesser kicked a 35-yard field goal. The points scored in the first quarter ended a streak of 28 straight scoreless quarters.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 8: at Buffalo All-Americans
In front of 9,000 fans, the Panhandles played their last against an APFA opponent, the Buffalo All-Americans, in week 8. Coming into the game, the All-Americans had a 6–0 undefeated record. At the end of the first quarter, the game near-even; the score was 7–6, Panhandles. After that, the game "proved disastrous" for the Panhandles. The final score was 43–7; the only score was a receiving touchdown from Homer Ruh. The Panhandles' defense allowed six rushing touchdowns, four of which came from the All-Americans' Smith. The other two came from Anderson and Hughitt. From these six rushing touchdowns, five of the extra points were converted, and the Panhandles' offense allowed a safety.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 9: at Zanesville Mark Greys
In the Panhandles' rematch against the Mark Greys, the final score was a 0–0 tie. Chris Willis stated the game was a "nightmare" for the Panhandles, and the game felt like a loss for them. The Zanesville Signal claimed the Mark Greys outplayed the Panhandles in every aspect and called the game "one of the best ... of the season." According to Pro-Football-Reference.com, this game was the seventh game in NFL history to result in a 0–0 tie.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 10: at Elyria Athletics
Following the tie to the Mark Greys, the Panhandles traveled to Lorain, Ohio, to play against the Elyria Athletics on Thanksgiving Day. The result of the game was another 0–0 tie, making it the seventh time in nine games the Panhandles were held scoreless. Chris Willis stated this tie was not as bad as the previous weeks because the Athletics had old players from the Akron Indians, a winning team in the Ohio League.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Game summaries, Week 11: vs Columbus Wagner Pirates
In week 11, the Panhandles played their only home game of the season against the Columbus Wagner Pirates. In front of a crowd of 2,000, the Panhandles won their second game of the season 24–0. In the first quarter, Frank Nesser scored the first points of the game with a 42-yard field goal. Even though the first half score was 3–0, the Panhandles heavily outplayed the Wanger Pirates. In the third quarter, Snoots ran for two rushing touchdowns. In the last quarter, Frank Nesser also contributed with a rushing touchdown. Despite Nesser kicking a field goal early in the game, Jim Flowers was the person who kicked the extra points in the game. This victory over the Wagner Pirates allowed the Panhandles to win their "city's championship".


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Standings
Awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup and named APFA Champions. Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1920 Columbus Panhandles season, Roster
The list of players and the coaching staff is gathered from Uniform Numbers of the NFL: Pre-1933 Defunct Teams, The Columbus Panhandles, and Pro-Football-Reference.com.


1920 Connaught Cup
The 1920 Connaught Cup was the Canadian National Challenge Cup for soccer that year.


1920 Connecticut Aggies football team
The 1920 Connecticut Aggies football team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1920 college football season. The Aggies were led by first year head coach Ross Swartz, and completed the season with a record of 1–6–1.


1920 Connecticut State Senate election
The Connecticut Senate election, 1920 was held on November 2, 1920 to elect all 35 Senators to the Connecticut State Senate for the term which began in January 1921 and ended in January 1923. It occurred on the same date as other federal and state elections, including the state's gubernatorial election.


1920 Connecticut State Senate election
The election saw 34 Republicans win election or re-election, and 1 Democrat win election. 10 seats flipped from Democratic to Republican.


1920 Connecticut State Senate election, Results
Results of the 1920 Connecticut Senate election. Party shading denotes winner of Senate seat.


1920 Connecticut State Senate election, Results
1 Wife of Hiram Percy Maxim. 2 Includes West Haven, in 1920 it was a borough of Orange3 Today known as Deep River.


1920 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1920 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920. Republican nominee Everett J. Lake defeated Democratic nominee Rollin U. Tyler with 63.04% of the vote.


1920 Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election
The Conservative Party of Ontario held its first ever leadership election on December 2, 1920. The event was held to select a replacement for outgoing leader and former Premier of Ontario Sir William Hearst. The party selected George Howard Ferguson, who would become premier after the Ontario general election of 1923.


1920 Copa Aldao
The 1920 Copa Aldao was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa Aldao, the 6th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by the same teams than the previous edition, Uruguayan Nacional and Argentine Boca Juniors.


1920 Copa Aldao
In the match, played at Estadio Sportivo Barracas in Buenos Aires on November 20, 1921, Nacional beat Boca Juniors 2–1, winning its third (and last) Copa Aldao trophy.


1920 Copa Aldao, Overview
All the goals came in the second half. It was Boca Juniors the team that opened the score with winger Pedro Calomino on 55 minutes. Nevertheless, with 15 left, Nacional scored two goals that allowed the squad to win their third Aldao Cup trophy, thanks to Ángel Romano and goalkeeper Andrés Mazali who, as a curious fact, played as forward in this match.


1920 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The 1920 Copa de Honor Cousenier was the 15° (and last) edition of this competition. It was contested by the champions of Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Copa de Honor (Uruguay).


1920 Copa de Honor Cousenier
After the Argentine representative Banfield (winner of Copa de Honor) disaffiliated from the AFA, Boca Juniors contested the competition as runner-up. The team beat Universal FC) at Estadio Gran Parque Central, the main stadium of Uruguay during the first decades of the 20th. century. Due to schedule problems this final was played three years later, being held on September 20, 1923 in Montevideo as usual.


1920 Copa de Honor Cousenier
It was the first competition won by Boca Juniors outside Argentina.


1920 Copa de Honor MCBA Final
The 1920 Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires was the final that decided the champion of the 14th (and last) edition of this National cup of Argentina. In the match, held in Sportivo Barracas on January 30, 1921, Banfield won its first title in the top division after beating Boca Juniors 2–1.


1920 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
The 1925 edition was contested by 16 clubs, 14 within Buenos Aires Province and 2 from Liga Rosarina de Football participating in the competition. Playing in a single-elimination tournament, Boca Juniors reached the final after eliminating Sportivo Barracas (3–0), Huracán (2–0), Almagro (2–0), and Newell's Old Boys (3–2 in semifinal).


1920 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
On the other side, Banfield had been eliminated by Almagro (then beat by Boca) in playoff 1–0, but the disaffiliation of Lanús from the AFA caused the Association reprogrammed the competition. As a result, Banfield had a new chance, where the team beat Estudiantes de La Plata (unknown score), Sportivo Barracas (3–1), Porteño (4–0) and Tiro Federal (2–1 in semifinal).


1920 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
The final was held in Sportivo Barracas Stadium on January 30, 1921. Boca Juniors's Marcelino Martínez scored the first goal on 23 minutes, but Banfield finally won the match with goals of Pambrún and López, achieveing its first title in the top division of Argentina.


1920 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey 1920 was the 20th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1920 Copa del Rey
The competition started in March 1920 and concluded on May 2, 1920, with the Final, held at the El Molinón in Gijon, in which FC Barcelona lifted the trophy for the 4th time ever with a 2–0 victory over Athletic Bilbao.


1920 Copa del Rey, Quarterfinals
Real Unión received a bye to the semifinals. Sevilla FC did not appear to play its qualifying matches against FC Barcelona after their proposal to play both matches in Madrid was not followed. FC Barcelona qualified for the semifinals


1920 Copa del Rey Final
The 1920 Copa del Rey Final was the 20th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at El Molinón, in Gijón, on May 2, 1920, in front of an attendance of 10,000 spectators. FC Barcelona beat Athletic de Bilbao 2–0 and won their fourth title.


1920 Copa del Rey Final
The final was attended by a large number of supporters from the basque region, who arrived in Gijon by train. The match was surrounded by controversy due to referee Enrique Bertrán's performance, who annulled a goal by a penalty awarded to Athletic Bilbao, alleging that scorer Germán Echevarría had shot before he gave the order to do it. Nevertheless, the penalty was not kicked for second time, as ruled on the laws of the game. The referee was also criticised for allowing misconduct from both teams.


1920 Cork Corporation election
Elections to the Cork Corporation took place on Thursday 15 January 1920 as part of that year's Irish local elections.


1920 Cork Corporation election, Campaign
The Labour vote was split between the Cork and District Labour Council and the more militant Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU); the latter formed an electoral alliance with Sinn Féin, whose MPs elected in December 1918 had proclaimed an Irish Republic in January 1919. Polling day was marred by scenes of violence between supporters of Sinn Féin and ex-servicemen.


1920 Cork Corporation election, Results by electoral area
The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919 introduced the single transferable vote, so the seven wards used in previous council elections were revised into seven borough electoral areas (BEAs). Four inner wards were merged into one BEA, two outer wards were split into two and three BEAs, and one was retained as a BEA. The first two candidates elected in each area would be styled "alderman", the rest "councillor".


1920 Cork Corporation election, Results by electoral area, Central
37 candidates. Wards: Centre, North Centre, South Centre, and West.


1920 Cork Corporation election, Subsequent changes
William F. O'Connor, having been returned in three BEAs, chose to represent North-West No.1, triggering by-elections in the other two BEAs on 10 March, both won by Sinn Féin candidates: Barry Egan defeated Jeremiah Lane in the Central ward, while Donal O'Callaghan was returned unopposed in South No.1. Ten subsequent by-elections returned: Joseph Hennessy, Madeline Hegarty, William Kenneally, Michael Moroney, Cornelius Neenan, Seán Nolan, Michael O'Donovan, Paul O'Flynn, James O'Riordan, and Jeremiah Walsh.


1920 Cork Corporation election, Subsequent changes
Among the vacancies filled were several deaths related to the Irish War of Independence:  Tomás Mac Curtain (assassinated by Royal Irish Constabulary members on 20 March 1920), his successor as Lord Mayor Terence MacSwiney (died on hunger strike on 25 October 1920), and Tadhg Barry (shot in Ballykinlar Camp, 15 November 1921).


1920 Cork Corporation election, Subsequent changes
In 1924 the Cumann na nGaedheal government dissolved the city council for misgovernment, after which the corporation was administered by an unelected commissioner. The next Free State local elections, originally scheduled for 1923, were repeatedly postponed until 1925. The city council was excluded from the 1925 and 1928 local elections and not restored until 1929, reduced to 21 councillors, with the entire county borough forming a single 21-seat electoral area.


1920 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1920 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 12th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.


1920 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1920 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 34th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1920 Cork Senior Football Championship
University College Cork won the championship following a 5-04 to 0-01 defeat of Cobh in the final. This was their first ever championship title.


1920 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1920 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 33rd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1920 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Blackrock won the championship following a 14-4 to 2-0 defeat of Fairhill in the final. This was their 15th championship title overall and their first title in seven championship seasons.