1924 NSWRFL season, Premiership Final
Balmain and South Sydney finished equal at the top of the ladder, having dropped just one game each. The teams had earlier met in Round 5, with a 10–10 draw being the result at the Sydney Cricket Ground in front of a crowd of around 16,000.


1924 NSWRFL season, Premiership Final
The Final was played before a crowd of around 15,000 at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 29 July 1924 and refereed by former Rabbitoh premiership winner Webby Neill. Balmain led 3–0 at half-time and both sides failed to score in the second half. The Tigers thus claimed their sixth premiership within ten years. At the time it was the lowest-scoring Final since the start of the NSWRFL premiership and the first time a team had been held scoreless in a Final.


1924 NSWRFL season, Premiership Final
The Final was also the first rugby league match broadcast on radio with commentary by Balmain secretary Bob Savage.


1924 NYU Violets football team
The 1924 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their third year under head coach Tom Thorp, the team compiled a 3–3–1 record.


1924 National Amateur Cup
The 1924 National Amateur Cup was the USFA's annual cup-tie competition exclusively for amateur soccer teams. It was the second attempt but the first to be completed successfully. There were 81 entries of which Fleisher Yarn emerged as victors. The incentive in the tournament was that the winners would get to represent the U.S. at the Paris Olympics and each game was designated as an official "Olympic Tryout". It was believed that sending the champion amateur team would provide a squad with better chemistry than that of an all-star selection and require considerably less time to gel as a unit.


1924 National Amateur Cup
However, as the tournament neared its final stages it became apparent that this idea might have to be reconsidered since the majority of the players on the remaining teams were foreign born and would not be eligible for the U.S. team. The only team with all American born players was the Union Electrics of St. Louis who had withdrawn at the quarterfinal stage. At the conclusion of the final game the eligible players on both the Fleisher Yarn and Swedish American teams were chosen while the remainder of the Olympic squad had to be selected from other amateur teams.


1924 National Amateur Cup, Bracket
The original plan was for the 1924 Amateur Cup champion to serve as the United States team in the 1924 Olympic soccer tournament. As the tournament reached the Quarterfinals, it was realized many of the teams had foreign born players who would be ineligible for the Olympic team. The U.S.F.A. decided instead to fill out the roster with players from different teams across the country along with players from the two teams in the final.


1924 National Amateur Cup, Bracket
Union Electric management felt that since their team was the only one with a 100% Olympic eligible roster, all other teams remaining should be disqualified and the championship should be awarded to Union. Union also claimed there was no plan to reimburse their travel expense to Chicago to play Swedish American FC. When the U.S.F.A. declined Union’s request to disqualify everyone else, they withdrew from the tournament.


1924 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1924 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1924 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Bob Folwell, the Midshipmen compiled a 2–6 record and outscored opponents by a combined score of 84 to 69.


1924 Navy Midshipmen football team
The annual Army–Navy Game was played on November 29 in Baltimore, Maryland; Army won 12–0. The Midshipmen defeated Vermont 53–0, but were outscored 69–31 in their other seven games.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nebraska in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1924 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach Fred Dawson, the team compiled a 5–3 record (3–1 against conference opponents), finished second in the MVC, and outscored opponents by a total of 118 to 77. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
Despite a bit of a performance dropoff last season, compared to 1921 and 1922, Nebraska was still riding on a wave of success:  Three straight conference titles, two straight defeats of Notre Dame's Four Horsemen (which were also Notre Dame's only losses over the past two seasons), and a modern, new stadium to play their games in. Coach Dawson was returning for his fourth year, which met or exceeded the length of tenure of all but two of the fifteen coaches preceding him.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Bloodgood, Elbert QBBronson, Willard QBBurnham, Willard ECollins, Melvin EDailey, Frank FBDuTeau GFord, Gail PLAYERFord, Norman PLAYERGrow, Lloyd CHubka, Ladimer EHutchinson, Harold CKamm, Paul PLAYERKriemelmeyer, Walter TLocke, Roland HBMandery, Avard HB


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Mandery, Roy EMielenz, Frank HBMolzen, Cecil GMyers, Douglas FBOgden, Warren GPospisil, Frank GRhodes, John HBRobertson, Rob EScholz, Walter RGSwearingen, Joe PLAYERThomsen, Fred EWeir, Ed TWeir, Joe EWostoupel, Joseph E


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Illinois
Nebraska brought Big 10 co-champion Illinois to Lincoln with aims to make up for losing in Champaign last year. The game plan focused on stopping Red Grange, who ran all over the Cornhuskers for three touchdowns last year. The plan was a success, and Grange was mostly neutralized. Both teams scored early before shutting each other down, and the 6-6 tie continued until late in the fourth quarter. Finally, Illinois managed a field goal to escape Lincoln with a narrow victory, and narrowed the gap in their series with Nebraska to 2-4.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma
The Cornhuskers still had some confidence coming into this game, after the strong showing against the powerhouse Illinois team last week and being perfect against Oklahoma in every game played between the squads. The Sooners were the better prepared team this day, however, shutting down every aspect of Nebraska's efforts and going ahead 14-0 by the half. The Cornhuskers tried to recover later in the game but could only come up with 7, and dropped their first game ever to Oklahoma in five meetings.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colgate
Nebraska was awakened by the stunning loss to Oklahoma and came to life when Colgate came calling at Memorial Stadium as one of the season's eastern opponents. The Raiders were outplayed and outclassed in nearly every aspect of the game, and the Cornhuskers sent Colgate home in disappointment. This was the only game ever played between these programs.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
One of the oldest series in Nebraska history was continued when the Cornhuskers arrived in Lawrence to battle the Jayhawks. For the entire first half, both teams held each other off, but Kansas finally was overcome in the second half. The string of frustration that Kansas had endured, never yet winning a home game against Nebraska, was continued yet another year as Kansas fell farther behind in the series to 9-20-2.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri
In one of the most challenging games of the season, Nebraska battled back from an early deficit to topple Missouri in Lincoln. The Cornhuskers struggled with the Missouri onslaught for most of the first half but somehow kept the Tigers from putting much on the scoreboard for the rest of the game while tacking on some touchdowns of their own. Although the Tigers went on to win the conference championship, the Cornhuskers were able to lay claim to being the only conference team to hand Missouri a loss, which extended Nebraska's series lead to 14-3-1.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
The series between these teams was becoming legendary, and Knute Rockne's unbeaten Fighting Irish had been waiting all year to avenge their only two losses of the previous two season, both delivered by Nebraska. It was the final season for the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame, and Nebraska was the one trophy they had yet to win. Initially it appeared to the Fighting Irish that Nebraska still had their number, as the Cornhuskers jumped to a 6-0 lead in the first quarter.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Following that score, however, Notre Dame focused on shutting down star tackle Ed Weir in order to put points up, and the plan worked as they were able to score 34 straight unanswered points to end Nebraska's winning streak and finally grant the Horsemen a win against the only team ever to defeat them in their entire college careers. Notre Dame once again took the series lead, 5-4-1. Rockne was highly complimentary of the Nebraska effort and even visited the Nebraska locker room following the game to shower praise on the disappointed Weir, but publicly tensions were beginning to rise as Notre Dame officials reported inappropriate treatment and an anti-Catholic sentiment displayed by the Nebraska locals.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State
The Cornhuskers bounced right back from the trouncing delivered by Notre Dame, as they easily handled Kansas State in Manhattan and held them to no points on the day. The Aggies attempted to find success by emulating the playing styles used by the Fighting Irish to success against Nebraska to no avail, and remained winless in all nine games played between these teams.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oregon State
Oregon State traveled a great distance for this Thanksgiving Day contest, and put up quite a fight against the Cornhuskers. After three quarters, both teams still stood without a score, but Nebraska finally broke through in the fourth quarter and managed two touchdowns to silence the visitors, holding them scoreless until the end. This was the second time these teams had met, the previous contest a 1916 game in Portland, both victories for Nebraska.


1924 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season
Nebraska and Missouri both ended the season with just a single loss in conference play, and Missouri's only conference loss was dealt to them by the Cornhuskers, however Missouri played more conference games on the season and collected five league wins compared to Nebraska's three, resulting in Missouri claiming the conference title for 1924. Coach Dawson's final season with Nebraska brought his four-year record to 23-7-2 (.750), a bit of a disappointment from his first two seasons that each had a winning percentage of .875, but his tenure was nonetheless one of a winning coach. The program's record fell to 197-67-17 (.734), and the conference record fell to 38-4-4 (.870). Nebraska soon found a new coach, hiring assistant Ernest Bearg from Illinois, who had defeated Nebraska in this and the previous season under the leadership of Robert Zuppke.


1924 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1924 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924, and featured former state Senator Adam McMullen, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee, former state Representative John N. Norton, and Progressive nominee, Omaha City Commissioner Dan B. Butler.


1924 Nebraska gubernatorial election
Incumbent Governor Charles W. Bryan, initially the nominee of both the Democratic and Progressive parties, withdrew from the race after being nominated for Vice President of the United States at the 1924 Democratic National Convention on July 9.


1924 Nebraska gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Replacement nominee
Following Bryan's withdraw from the race, the Democratic State Central Committee met in Lincoln to choose a replacement on July 24. Among others, candidates considered for the nomination included Omaha City Commissioner John H. Hopkins, former state Representative John N. Norton of Polk, Morrill County Attorney Kenneth M. McDonald of Bridgeport, and former U.S. Representative Dan V. Stephens of Fremont. Norton was chosen on the seventeenth ballot after Hopkins and Stephens each withdrew their names, and besting McDonald with the necessary two-thirds of the vote.


1924 Nebraska gubernatorial election, Progressive primary, Replacement nominee
Omaha City Commissioner Dan B. Butler, a Democrat and supporter of Senator Robert M. La Follette in the 1924 presidential election, was chosen by the three member Progressive Party State Executive Committee.


1924 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The 1924 Nevada Wolf Pack football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Charles F. Erb, the team compiled a 3–4–1 record.


1924 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
Erb was hired as the team's head coach in late April 1924. He was captain of the 1921 California Golden Bears football team. Erb resigned as Nevada's head coach on January 9, 1925.


1924 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
Bill Gutteron played quarterback for the Wolf Pack from 1923 to 1925. He later played quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Buccaneers.


1924 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season
The Wolf Pack finished the 1923 season 2–3–2. Head coach Ray Courtright resigned and was replaced by Charles F. Erb.


1924 New Hampshire football team
The 1924 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1924 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach William "Butch" Cowell, the team compiled a 7–2 record, and outscored opponents by a total of 213 to 49. The team played its home games in Durham, New Hampshire, at Memorial Field.


1924 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
Cy Wentworth, team captain for a second consecutive season, was an inaugural member of the UNH Wildcats Hall of Fame in 1982.


1924 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1924 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924. Republican nominee John Gilbert Winant defeated Democratic incumbent Fred H. Brown with 53.94% of the vote.


1924 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1924 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) during the 1924 college football season. In their second year under head coach R. R. Brown, the Aggies compiled a 7–3 record and shut out five opponents. The team played its home games on Miller Field, sometimes also referred to as College Field.


1924 New Mexico Lobos football team
The 1924 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Roy W. Johnson, the Lobos compiled a 5–1 record. Kenneth Grueter was the team captain.


1924 New Mexico Lobos football team
In its 56-0 victory in the season opener, the team did not allow a first down Montezuma College. This remains the only game in school history in which a New Mexico team has not allowed a first down.


1924 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1924 New Mexico gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924.


1924 New Mexico gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor James F. Hinkle did not run for a second term. Democratic nominee Arthur T. Hannett defeated Republican nominee Manuel B. Otero with 48.82% of the vote.


1924 New Year Honours
The 1924 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published in The London Gazette on 1 January 1924.


1924 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1924 New Year Honours, British Empire, King's Police Medal (KPM)
His Majesty has also graciously consented to the King's Police Medal being handed to the nearest relatives of the undermentioned Officers, who were killed on duty on 18 August 1922, and who would have received the decoration had they survived:.


1924 New Year Honours, British Empire, King's Police Medal (KPM)
His Majesty has also graciously consented to the King's Police Medal being handed to the nearest relatives of the undermentioned Officers, who were killed on duty and who would have received the decoration had they survived;


1924 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1924 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments as Knight Bachelor by King George V, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to reward and highlight good works by two New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1923 and the beginning of 1924, and were announced on 1 January 1924.


1924 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1924 New York Giants season
The 1924 New York Giants season was the franchise's 42nd season. The team finished first in the National League with a record of 93–60, winning the NL pennant for the fourth consecutive season, a record that still stands, as of 2020. They went on to the World Series, losing to the Washington Senators in seven games.


1924 New York Giants season, Regular season
In the final series of the 1924 season, the Giants were playing the Philadelphia Phillies at the Polo Grounds and battling for the pennant with the Robins. Giants outfielder Jimmy O'Connell offered Phillies shortstop Heinie Sand $500 to throw the games. Sand rejected the bribe and reported it to Phillies manager Art Fletcher. It eventually led to the life-time suspension of O'Connell and Giants coach Cozy Dolan by Commissioner Landis, although future-Hall of Famers Frankie Frisch, George Kelly, and Ross Youngs were also implicated.


1924 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 New York Giants season, 1924 World Series, Game 3
October 6, 1924, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City


1924 New York Giants season, 1924 World Series, Game 4
October 7, 1924, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City


1924 New York Giants season, 1924 World Series, Game 5
October 8, 1924, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City


1924 New York Yankees season
The 1924 New York Yankees season was the team's 22nd season in New York and its 24th overall. The team finished with a record of 89–63, finishing 2 games behind the Washington Senators. New York was managed by Miller Huggins. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium.


1924 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1924 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1924 New York state election
The 1924 New York state election was held on November 4, 1924, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1924 New York state election, History
The Socialist state convention met on July 27 at Finnish Hall (at Fifth Avenue/Twelfth Street) in New York City. They nominated Rev. Norman Thomas for Governor and Charles Solomon for lieutenant governor.


1924 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 25 in Rochester, New York. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., was nominated for governor on the first ballot.


1924 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on September 25 in Syracuse, New York, and re-nominated all incumbent state officers.


1924 New York state election, Result
Almost the whole Republican ticket was elected, only the incumbent Democratic Governor Smith managed to stay in office.


1924 New York state election, Result
The incumbent Smith was re-elected. The incumbents Lunn, Hamilton, Fleming, Sherman, Shuler and LaDu were defeated.


1924 New York state election, Result
The Democratic, Republican and Socialist parties maintained automatic ballot access (necessary 25,000 votes for governor), the Socialist Labor Party did not re-attain it, and the Workers Party did not attain it.


1924 New York state election, Result
Florence E. S. Knapp was the first woman elected to a statewide office in New York. She remained the only one for fifty years, until Mary Anne Krupsak was elected lieutenant governor in 1974.


1924 New York state election, Result
This was the last election of a Secretary of State, a Treasurer and a State Engineer. The Secretary of State has been appointive since January 1927, the other two offices were abolished. The duties of the Treasurer were transferred to the Comptroller, those of the State Engineer to the Superintendent of Public Works which has been always an appointive office.


1924 New York – Pennsylvania League season
The 1924 New York – Pennsylvania League season was the league's second season of play. The Williamsport Grays became the New York–Pennsylvania League (Now Eastern League) champions by having the best record at the end of the regular season. The New York–Pennsylvania League played at the Class B level during this season.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1924 New Zealand rugby league season was the 17th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
New Zealand defeated Great Britain 2-1 in a three match series. The first match, which was also the first test match to be played at Carlaw Park was won 16-8 in front of 22,000 spectators. The second match was won 13-11 at the Basin Reserve. Great Britain came back to win the third and final match 31-18, held at Dunedin's Tahuna Park.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
New Zealand included; Craddock Dufty, Hec Brisbane, Bill Stuart, Charles Fitzgerald, Terry Gilroy, Maurice Wetherill, first Test captain Thomas McClymont, Jim O'Brien, Sam Lowrie, Ernie Herring, Bill Te Whata, Neil Mouat, Bert Avery, second and third Test captain Frank Delgrosso, Harry Mullins, Clarrie Polson, Bill Devine, Lou Petersen, Lyle Stewart, Ted Fitzgerald and Hec McDonald.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
Great Britain defeated Canterbury 47-10. Auckland City lost 11-24 to Great Britain while Auckland Province lost 13-28. Auckland City was Charles Gregory, Ben Davidson, Hec Brisbane, Frank Delgrosso, Maurice Wetherill, Craddock Dufty, Clarrie Polson, Bill Stormont, Wally Somers, Ernie Herring, George Gardiner, Bert Avery and captain Nelson Bass. Auckland Province included Huatahi 'Brownie' Paki and B Johnston from South Auckland as well as Dufty, Brisbane, Wetherill, Thomas McClymont, John Lang, Jim O'Brien, Sam Lowrie, Herring, Avery, Bill Te Whata and Hec McDonald from Auckland City.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup
South Auckland held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Marist Brothers won the Auckland Rugby League's competition, defeating Devonport 20-17 to win its first championship. City won the Roope Rooster.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Marist included George Gardiner, Jim O'Brien, captain Bill Stormont, Hec Brisbane, Charles Gregory and Jack Kirwan.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Devonport included Jim O'Brien, Neville St George and Bert Laing.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Lou Brown played for City on his return from Wigan, causing a protest from Newton who he had previously played for. The complaint was upheld by both the Auckland Rugby League and the New Zealand Rugby League and Brown was suspended for three weeks until he returned to the competition for Newton.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Marist Old Boys won the Canterbury Rugby League's McKeon Cup and the Thacker Shield.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Waimairi played in the senior competition for the first time. Waimairi was renamed Papanui after World War Two.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Marist Old Boys were expelled from the Canterbury Rugby Union in April 1924 after they forfeited a Payne Cup fixture in 1923 due to a row over the eligibility of three players. They instead joined the Rugby League and the Football Association. Marist spent just seven seasons in the Canterbury Rugby League but won three titles, in 1924, 1925 and 1928. In 1924 they produced six New Zealand internationals; Bill Devine, Charles Fitzgerald, Ted Fitzgerald, Terry Gilroy, Harry Mullins and Lou Petersen. Jim Amos also switched codes with Marist but played in their lower divisions.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions
Greymouth Marist joined the West Coast Rugby League in support of Christchurch Marist.


1924 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions
The Otago Rugby League was formed after 12 to 16,000 watched New Zealand play Great Britain at Tahuna Park. The match was played at Tahuna Park due to the Otago Rugby Union's refusal to allow the game to be played at Carisbrook.


1924 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales
The 1924 New Zealand tour rugby to New South Wales was the 11th tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia.


1924 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales
During the First World War the activity of Rugby Union was suspended. In Australia, the sport was initially reprised only in New South Wales (many players switched to Rugby league especially in Queensland), so official test matches between the two national sides were not resumed until 1929.


1924 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales
The three most important matches were played against the New South Wales selection, and New Zealand won the 3 match series 2–1. In 1986 the Australian Rugby Union accorded Test status to the New South Wales matches played against international teams in the 1920–1928 period, but the matches against the All Blacks are not recorded as Tests by the New Zealand Rugby Union.


1924 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales
After this short tour, New Zealand played matches in own country against two provincial selections.


1924 Newfoundland general election
The 1924 Newfoundland general election was held on 2 June 1924 to elect members of the 26th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal-Progressives and Liberal-Conservative Progressives were new parties formed as a result of the collapse of the ruling Liberal Reform Party. The Liberal-Conservative Progressives were led by Walter Stanley Monroe and won the election weeks after the party's creation.


1924 Newfoundland general election
During his time in office, Monroe alienated a number of his supporters: Peter J. Cashin, F. Gordon Bradley, C. E. Russell, Phillip F. Moore, Lewis Little and H.B.C. Lake, who all defected to the opposition Liberal-Progressive Party. In 1925, universal suffrage was introduced in Newfoundland: women aged 25 and older were allowed to vote (men could vote at the age of 21). Monroe was replaced by Frederick C. Alderdice as Prime Minister in August 1928.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 5 October 1924 to elect a president, half of the deputies and one-third of the senators of the National Congress.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
When the President Diego Manuel Chamorro died in office on 12 October 1923 Vice-President Bartolomé Martínez, a representative of the anti-Chamorrista wing of the Conservative faction, took over the office. Martínez bitterly opposed Emiliano Chamorro Vargas’s desire to return to the presidency. Martínez thus turned to the Liberals to forge a coalition that might thwart the caudillo’s fond hopes for a second presidential term”.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
Bartolomé Martínez, although selected as vice president by the Diego Manuel Chamorro-dominated Conservative convention of 1920, was ambitious to continue his control of the administration. His plans ran counter to those of Gen. Emiliano Chamorro Vargas and the Granada Conservatives, who wanted to regain the leadership lost through the death of President Diego Manuel Chamorro. The attempts of the Conservative leaders to agree to a national party in which the Liberals would participate were unsuccessful. The Conservative convention, which was again dominated by General Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, nominated him for the Presidency.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
The Liberal Party, which met shortly afterwards, likewise split into two factions. The larger, under the party name of Nationalist Liberal Party nominated Juan Bautista Sacasa; the smaller, under the party name of Liberal Republican Party nominated Luís Corea. In the meantime President Martínez had developed a new party for the purpose of bringing about his own nomination”.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
The above notwithstanding and with his chances to run again diminished, Bartolomé Martínez, in a last effort to prevent his arch-rival Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, now a lawful candidate, from garnering the votes, had little option but to follow a suggestion from the already highly influential and soon-to-be known as "First Lady of Liberalism", Angélica Balladares de Arguello (December 19, 1872 – September 8, 1973), to form a coalition party of relative moderates, the Conservative Republican Party, whose novel idea was to present for the first time in the history of Nicaragua, a so-called transactional electoral ticket headed by a Conservative Carlos José Solórzano to run as president and seconded by a Liberal, Dr. Juan Bautista Sacasa for the post of vice president.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
Because of her political activism, Dame Angelica became the first president of the Nicaraguan Feminist League, then the only woman in Nicaragua's history to have been bestowed the Congressional Gold Medal of Honour by acclamation (August 2, 1969), as well as being the recipient of the Western Hemispheres's highest honour for a female, the so-called "Woman of the Americas" and "Women of Nicaragua" awards, both presented to her by the Unión de Mujeres Americanas on 21 April 1959)


1924 Nicaraguan general election
Just before the election, Bartolomé Martínez issued decrees making changes in the personnel of the electoral boards and creating a special force of armed police to be present in each polling place. The Supreme Court upheld the national electoral board when it protested against these actions, but the government rejected the court’s decision. Election day, 5 October, was relatively quiet, though the government imposed a state of siege late in the afternoon because of minor disorders in the conservative department of Chontales”.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
The US State Department, then led by future Chief Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes (1862 - d. 1948), at first expected that the election would bring conditions which would allow withdrawal of the legation guard from Managua. But the 1924 electoral process, even when conducted a tad better than preceding elections, was a saddening affair – no exception to the country’s political axiom that the candidate of the party in power always won. The Nicaraguan government claimed that the election of 5 October, took place with admirable liberty and impartiality. The Conservatives were unhappy with the outcome and protested voting in several cantons. “Strangely, even the victors of 1924 were far from jubilant. They feared extralegal action from the Conservatives, especially Emiliano Chamorro Vargas''”.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
After giving consideration to the advisability both of a new election and the appointment of a coalition cabinet headed by a designate chosen by Congress, the U.S. Department of State decided to accord recognition to Carlos José Solórzano when he assumed the Presidency on 1 January 1925. The genuine Conservatives refused to admit the legality of Solórzano’s Administration, and their opposition heightened when the Conservative Senators and Deputies, whose elections had been conceded by the National Board of Elections, were expelled by the Bartolomé Martínez-controlled Congress and Transactionists seated in their stead.


1924 Nicaraguan general election
On January 26 of 1925, former Nicaraguan President Gral Emiliano Chamorro Vargas mounted a coup, forcing Solórzano and Sacasa to flee the country. He also removed all liberals from the Nicaraguan Congress. The United States refused to recognize Chamorro's regime. As a result, Liberals and other parties revolted all of which leading, by the middle of 1926, to the start of the so called Constitutional War of 1926-27.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster
The 1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster was an explosion and fire that claimed many lives and destroyed several square miles of New Jersey factories. It began on March 1, 1924, about 11:15 a.m., when an explosion destroyed a building in Nixon, New Jersey (an area within present-day Edison, New Jersey) used for processing ammonium nitrate. The explosion touched off fires in surrounding buildings in the Nixon Nitration Works that contained other highly flammable materials. The disaster killed twenty people, destroyed forty buildings, and demolished the "tiny industrial town of Nixon, New Jersey."


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The setting
The Nixon Nitration Works, which included a number of plants, covered about 12 square miles (3,100 ha) on the Raritan River, near New Brunswick, in what was then officially known as Raritan Township (later changed to Edison) and unofficially known as Nixon, New Jersey. It was created by naval architect and industrialist Lewis Nixon in 1915, after the outbreak of World War I, to supply some of the warring nations of Europe with gunpowder and other war materials. When the war ended, its facilities were put to broader uses, involving other explosive materials.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The setting
The company manufactured cellulose nitrate (also known as nitrocellulose, guncotton, and several other names including pyroxylin-plastic), the first plastic, which is highly flammable. At the works, cellulose nitrate was maintained in 50-by-20-inch (127 by 51 cm) sheets that had been piled in the surrounding buildings.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The setting
Within the Works, Nixon leased to the Ammonite Company a storage house located 300 feet (91 m) from its buildings. Ammonite was using the facility to salvage the contents of artillery shells for use as agricultural fertilizer. That salvage was performed after the trinitrotoluene (TNT) was extracted from the shells at the nearby Raritan Arsenal by Columbia Storage Company. The Columbia operation was owned by aeronautic pioneer Charles A. Levine. The Ammonite building reportedly contained 1 million US gallons (3,800 m3) of ammonium nitrate in storage and fifteen tank cars, each holding 90,000 US gallons (340,000 L) of ammonium nitrate in the process of crystallization.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The disaster
The disaster began when ammonium nitrate in the Ammonite building exploded. Windows for a mile around the scene were broken inward and doors were blown from their hinges. The blast shook Staten Island, where business buildings in the Stapleton and St. George neighborhoods rocked, windows rattled, and doors were slammed. It was felt in lower New York City, Brooklyn, and as far away as Mineola, New York, fifty miles away.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The disaster
The flaming debris from the explosion soon set cellulose nitrate sheets afire in nearby buildings. Fires began to consume other buildings as well, including the offices of the Nitration Works. Six hours after the explosion, flames were still burning over an area of one square mile.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The disaster
As darkness fell, shifting winds suddenly began fanning the flames toward freight cars on a siding and toward the nearby Raritan Arsenal where 500,000 high-explosive shells were stored. Four of the arsenal's high-explosive magazines had been crushed by the initial explosion and the roofs of two others blown in. Through the efforts of exhausted firefighters, the fire did not reach the arsenal.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, The human toll
Two days after the explosion, newspapers reported that 18 people were killed, two were missing (and presumed killed), and 15 others remained hospitalized. The blast injured 100 people. The dead included the wife and three children of an employee of the plant who lived 100 yards from the scene, a stenographer working at the plant, and 13 workmen who were repairing the roof of the building where the blast occurred.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Inquiries
Prosecutor John E. Toolan of Middlesex County, New Jersey, began an inquiry two days after the blast. Among those summoned to appear for the inquiry were Lewis Nixon, his son Stanhope Wood Nixon, and R. Norris Shreve, then president of the Ammonite Co. Secretary of War John W. Weeks also ordered an inquiry, for the more limited purpose of determining whether the Raritan Arsenal was in any way responsible for the explosion.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Inquiries
Some theorized that the blast was triggered by small quantities of TNT that remained in the ammonium nitrate at the Ammonite facility after the ammonium nitrate was removed from the shells. Lewis Nixon embraced this explanation. Ammonite disputed this theory, asserting that the average content of TNT in the salvaged ammonium nitrate was only two-tenths of one percent.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Inquiries
However, under questioning, Shreve acknowledged that this would have caused 120 pounds (54 kg) of TNT filtered from ammonium nitrate to flow every day into a small stream on the site, and that there might have been "several percent" of TNT in tanks of ammonium nitrate remaining at the site. Major A.S. Casand, commander of the arsenal, also disagreed that residual TNT was to blame, and believed that the explosion was due to conditions in the plant.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
In the immediate aftermath of the explosion, federal, state, and local officials considered whether plants containing explosives should be banned from Middlesex County.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
One month after the disaster, Ammonite sued Nixon Nitration Works for $400,000 in damages, alleging that the explosion was due to the Nixon company's carelessness. In 1928, a federal judge dismissed the claims and counterclaims between Ammonite and Nixon Nitration Works, leaving Columbia Salvage Company as the only defendant in the suit.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
In April 1924, Ammonite Corporation was indicted on fifteen counts of involuntary manslaughter and initially pleaded not guilty. The following year Ammonite pleaded guilty to charges arising from the explosion and was fined a total of $9,000, reflecting a $600 fine for each of 15 employees killed in the blast.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
In May 1924, Nixon Nitration Works was ordered to pay $12,000 to the widow of a victim who worked for that company.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
Ammonite dissolved in 1926, for reasons attributed to the explosion. Ammonite owner Shreve, already a renowned chemical and industrial engineer, later joined the faculty at Purdue University, where he became a well-respected scholar, author, and teacher. A residence hall at Purdue is named in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Shreve.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
Charles A. Levine earned a fortune as a result of his companies' contracts with the federal government to salvage shells. In 1927, he financed an effort to become the first to fly from New York to Paris, only to have Charles A. Lindbergh reach Paris first while Levine's plane was grounded by a restraining order obtained by the navigator he had employed. Levine dissolved the injunction, freed the plane, and became the first transcontinental air passenger, reaching Germany from New York in a flight two weeks following Lindbergh's.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
Meanwhile, the federal government sued Levine's companies, claiming overcharges for their salvage work. Many lawsuits and prosecutions of Levine and his companies followed, including prosecutions for counterfeiting French coins, conspiring to smuggle tungsten powder from Canada, and smuggling an alien refugee from a German concentration camp into the United States from Mexico.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
The Nixon Nitration Works was rebuilt on the site, and returned to the business of cellulose nitrate manufacturing. Lewis Nixon died on September 23, 1940. His son Stanhope Wood Nixon, who assumed control of the business, had few of his father's qualities, and many vices. After World War II, the plastics industry evolved from nitrate-based products to acetate-based products, and the company failed to make the transition. In 1951, as the company shrank, it gave 48 acres (19 ha) of land, and a dam, to New Brunswick.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
The site of the Works is now a part of Middlesex County College and Raritan Center Industrial Park.


1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster, Aftermath
In 1954, the citizens of Middlesex County's Raritan Township renamed their community by referendum. The name Edison was chosen over Nixon. However, the Nixon name is still used by the local post office and postal district.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President
The nomination of Robert M. La Follette for president took place at a convention held in Cleveland, Ohio from July 4-5, 1924. The convention was called by the Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA) and included accredited delegates from national trade unions, state branches of the CPPA, and other political organizations. Members of the Socialist Party of America played a prominent role in the organization of the July convention and the subsequent La Follette presidential campaign; representatives of the Communist Workers Party of America were banned.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Convention call
On February 11 and 12, 1924, approximately 120 delegates from state branches of the Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA), the railroad brotherhoods, and several smaller organizations met at the 3rd Conference of the CPPA in St. Louis, Missouri. This meeting viewed the election results of November 1922 with some satisfaction and reaffirmed the CPPA's stated goal "to help nominate and elect to public office only those 'who are pledged to the interests of the producing classes and to the principles of genuine democracy in agriculture, industry, and government."


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Convention call
No action was taken for the November 1924 campaign, however, as no candidates had been nominated or political platforms passed by the Democratic or Republican parties (both of which organizations included progressive wings). Nor did sentiment exist for an effort under the auspices of the Socialist Party of America (SPA) or the Farmer-Labor Party (FLP).


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Convention call
Instead, the February 1924 CPPA Conference instructed the governing National Committee of the organization to schedule a convention to be held over the Fourth of July holiday "for the purpose of taking action on nomination of candidates for the offices of President and Vice-President of the United States, and on other questions that may come before the convention." The National Committee was also instructed to attempt to coordinate its efforts with an organizing committee of the FLP, which had signaled its intention to call a presidential nominating convention in St. Paul, Minnesota opening May 30, 1924.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
Twelve hundred delegates and nine thousand spectators ratified the nomination of Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. The atmosphere was more sober than the one that had prevailed in 1912, where Theodore Roosevelt elicited much enthusiasm among the delegations. Farmers themselves were sparsely represented; they were too "broke" to come, according to Senator Lynn Frazier. Only one African-American sat in the audience and only one or two eastern intellectuals.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
The convention was called by the Conference for Progressive Political Action, and duly accredited delegates appeared for such organizations as: the Food Reform Society of America, the National Unity Committee, and the Davenport Iowa Ethical Society. Many students attended, one of the largest groups coming from Columbia University. Jacob Coxey was present as well as John J. Streeter. Radical labor leaders constituted the main body of the congregation, but they refused to let members of the Communist party enter the building.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
The Credentials Committee reported unfavorably on the credential of William Mahoney as an individual, while not denying the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party a right to a seat, citing his acts during and after the St. Louis Conference as well as his active participation in the June 1924 St. Paul Convention of the Federated Farmer-Labor Party, a gathering perceived to have been an appendage of the Workers Party of America and previously condemned by the National Committee of the CPPA.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
The CPPA National Committee had previously requested that Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette make a run for the presidency. The Cleveland Convention was addressed by the Senator's son, Robert M. La Follette Jr., who read a message from his father accepting the call and declaring that the time had come "for a militant political movement independent of the two old party organizations." La Follette declined to lead a third party, however, seeking to protect those progressives elected nominally as Republicans and Democrats.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
La Follette declared that the primary issue of the 1924 campaign was the breaking of the "combined power of the private monopoly system over the political and economic life of the American people." After the November election a new party might well be established, La Follette stated, around which all progressives could unite.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
It was the dream of some Progressives, but not La Follette, that they might replace the Democrats, and thereby bring a clearer ideological alignment to American politics. The best way to do this, according to John A. H. Hopkins, earlier a prominent member of the Rooseveltian Progressive Party, would be to prevent either of the major parties from gaining a majority in the Electoral College and thus force the House of Representatives to choose the President.


1924 Nomination of Robert M. La Follette for President, History, Opening of the convention
The convention ended without a nominee for vice president. La Follette at first offered the job to Justice Louis Brandeis, and on his refusal, Sen. Burton K. Wheeler of Montana, who gratefully accepted.


1924 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1924 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1924 college football season.


1924 North Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1924 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924. Democratic nominee Angus Wilton McLean defeated Republican nominee Isaac Melson Meekins with 61.33% of the vote.


1924 North Dakota Agricultural Bison football team
The 1924 North Dakota Agricultural Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1924 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Stanley Borleske, the team compiled a 5–3 record (3–3 against NCC opponents) and finished in fourth place out of nine teams in the NCC. The team played its home games at Dacotah Field in Fargo, North Dakota.


1924 North Dakota Flickertails football team
The 1924 North Dakota Flickertails football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1924 college football season. In its sixth year under head coach Paul J. Davis, the team compiled a 2–8 record (1–4 against NCC opponents), finished in a tie for seventh place out of nine teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 167 to 32.


1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924.


1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Ragnvald A. Nestos was defeated for re-nomination in the Republican primary.


1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election
Republican nominee Arthur G. Sorlie defeated Democratic nominee Halvor L. Halvorson with 53.93% of the vote.


1924 Northern Illinois State Teachers football team
The 1924 Northern Illinois State Teachers football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College in the 1924 college football season. The team competed in the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, which was also known as the Little Nineteen. They were led by second-year head coach William Muir and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The Teachers finished the season with an 4–4 record and an 1–3 record in conference play. Pete Ball was the team's captain.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections
The 1924 Northern Irish local elections were held in January & June 1924 for the various county & district councils of Northern Ireland. The election followed changes by the Unionist government, which had redrawn electoral districts, abolished PR for local elections, and implemented a requirement for members of local authorities to take an oath of allegiance.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections
In protest against these changes nationalists largely boycotted the election, resulting in them losing control of all of the councils they had gained in the 1920 Irish local elections.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections, Background
The elections were the first local elections to be held in Northern Ireland, which had been created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Northern Irelands' county & district councils had last been elected in the all-Ireland 1920 Irish local elections using the Single transferable vote voting system, which had been introduced in the hopes of preventing Sinn Féin from winning the same kind of landslide that the FPTP ward system had allowed it in the 1918 general election.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections, Background
Whilst Unionists in Southern Ireland had supported the introduction of STV for local elections, Ulsters Unionists had opposed it, with the UUPs' leader James Craig favouring retention of the FPTP ward system used in the rest of Britain, and the UUP was committed to returning to the old system. In contrast, Nationalists favoured the retention of a proportional representation based system as a safeguard for minorities.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections, Background
The Northern Irish parliament, dominated by the UUP who held 75% of the seats following the 1921 election, legislated for a return to the old FPTP system in 1922, and also legislated for the redrawing of electoral divisions.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections, Results
As a result of the nationalist boycott Unionists regained control of the county councils for Fermanagh and Tyrone, with no contests taking place in either county.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections, Results
In Belfast Unionists focused their campaigning on the wards most at risk of falling to the new Northern Irish Labour Party.


1924 Northern Ireland local elections, Results
Overall the results saw large defeats for Nationalists, Sinn Féin, and Labour candidates. After 1920 these parties had together controlled 24 of the 75 local authorities in Northern Ireland; by 1927 they controlled 12.


1924 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The 1924 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1924 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third year under head coach Glenn Thistlethwaite, the Wildcats compiled a 4–4 record (1–3 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1924 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1924 Norwegian Football Cup was the 23rd season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF. Odd won their ninth title, having beaten Mjøndalen in the final. Brann were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Mjøndalen in the semifinal.


1924 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 21 October 1924. The result was a victory for the Conservative Party-Liberal Left Party alliance, which won 54 of the 150 seats in the Storting. To date, this is the last election in which the Labour Party did not receive the most votes or the most seats in the Storting of participating parties.


1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1924 college football season. Coached by Knute Rockne and featuring the "Four Horsemen" backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden, Notre Dame won all ten games, including a victory over Stanford in the Rose Bowl.


1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The team was recognized as the national champion, receiving retroactive national championship honors from the Berryman QPRS system, Billingsley Report, Boand System, Dickinson System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, Poling System, and Jeff Sagarin.


1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1925 Rose Bowl was Notre Dame's last bowl appearance until the 1969 season;  the Fighting Irish played their home games at Cartier Field.


1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Personnel, Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Notre Dame's lineup during the 1924 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics a Notre Dame Box on offense.


1924 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team
The 1924 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team was an American football team that represented Oglethorpe University in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1924 college football season. In its first season under head coach Harry J. Robertson, the team compiled a 6–3–1 record (5–0 against SIAA opponents), tied with Centre for the SIAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 140 to 86. Adrian Maurer was the team captain.


1924 Ohio Green and White football team
The 1924 Ohio Green and White football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1924 college football season. In its first season under head coach Don Peden, the team compiled a 4–4 record (2–4 against conference opponents), finished in 14th place out of 20 teams in the OAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 64 to 59.


1924 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1924 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1924 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 2–3–3 record and were outscored 40–45 by their opponent.


1924 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1924 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924. Incumbent Democrat A. Victor Donahey defeated Republican nominee Harry L. Davis with 53.97% of the vote.


1924 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team
The 1924 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1924 college football season. This was the 24th year of football at A&M and the fourth under John Maulbetsch. The Cowboys played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 6–1–2, 1–1–1 in the Southwest Conference. This season became the first year OAMC's teams were nicknamed the Cowboys and their final season in the Southwest Conference.


1924 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1924 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1924 college football season. In their 20th year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled a 2–5–1 record (2–3–1 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the Missouri Valley Conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 80 to 28.


1924 Oklahoma Sooners football team
No Sooners were recognized as All-Americans, and back Obie Bristow was the only Sooner to receive all-conference honors.


1924 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1924 Ole Miss Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Mississippi in the Southern Conference during the 1924 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Chester S. Barnard, the team compiled a 4–5 record (0–3 against conference opponents). The team played its home games at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi


1924 Ontario prohibition referendum
An Ontario prohibition referendum was held on October 23, 1924 on the repeal of the Ontario Temperance Act. The referendum was brought about by a clause in the Act, which permitted the possible repeal of prohibition by a majority vote. The referendum upheld prohibition, albeit by the narrowest majority of all of Ontario's prohibition referendums; in 1927, prohibition would be repealed with the passing of the Liquor Licence Act.


1924 Ontario prohibition referendum, Referendum question
Unlike past referendums, the 1924 referendum was not a yes/no question; instead, voters indicated their support for either the first statement or the second.


1924 Ontario prohibition referendum, Results
Temperance passed by the smallest majority of any of the prohibition referendums. The cities of Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa and Windsor, areas where the ruling Conservative Party drew most of their support, voted overwhelmingly in favour of Question 2. Four months later, the party's throne speech announced intentions to begin debate on permitting the sale of a beer with a maximum alcohol content of 4.4%, which gained the nicknamed "Fergie's Foam" after Premier George Howard Ferguson. The government also declared that referendums on prohibition would no longer take place; the issue would be dealt with by the legislature.


1924 Ontario prohibition referendum, Results
In the subsequent 1926 election the Conservatives ran on a platform of repealing the Ontario Temperance Act, and maintained a majority while increasing their share of the popular vote by 7%. The Conservatives took the results as justification to repeal prohibition, and in 1927 passed the Liquor Licence Act. The act repealed the Ontario Temperance Act and created the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO), a crown corporation that brought about government control over the distribution of liquor. Brewers Retail Inc., a privately owned association of brewers overseen by the government, was created to regulate the sale of beer.


1924 Ontario prohibition referendum, Results
While some communities would pressure local governments to limit the sale of liquor until as late as the 1990s, notably portions of west Toronto as a result of efforts by William Horace Temple, for all intents and purposes official temperance in Ontario had ended.


1924 Open Championship
The 1924 Open Championship was the 59th Open Championship, held 26–27 June at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Hoylake, England. Walter Hagen won the second of his four Open Championships, one stroke ahead of runner-up Ernest Whitcombe. It was the fifth of Hagen's eleven major championships. Two years earlier in 1922, he became the Open's first winner born in the United States.


1924 Open Championship
Qualifying took place on 23–24 June, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at Royal Liverpool and 18 holes at Formby, and the top 80 and ties qualified. J.H. Taylor led the field on 142; Hagen took 83 on the first day at Hoylake and was in some danger of not qualifying, but after a 73 at Formby for 156 he made it safely through. The qualifying score was 158 and 86 players advanced. Six-time champion Harry Vardon had 159 and missed by one stroke. Wednesday was an idle day.


1924 Open Championship
In the opening round on Thursday morning, Cyril Tolley, the 1920 British Amateur champion, took the lead with 73, but his 82 in the second round dropped him out of contention. After opening with 77, Whitcombe carded a 70 for 147 for a two-stroke lead over five-time champion J.H. Taylor; Hagen and Macdonald Smith were a stroke back in third place. In the two-day format, there was not a cut after 36 holes.


1924 Open Championship
In the third round on Friday morning, Hagen had 74 and Whitcombe 77, and they shared the 54-hole lead at 224. Three strokes back in a tie for third were George Duncan, Frank Ball, and Smith. In the afternoon, Duncan had 81 for 308 while Ball and Smith both finished on 304, which left Hagen and Whitcombe to battle for the title. Whitcombe shot 43 on the front-nine but responded with a 35 on the back to post 302. Hagen also shot 43 on the front but played his trademark brand of golf on the back.


1924 Open Championship
He sliced his second shot on the 12th and his approach shot found a bunker on the 13th, but both times recovered with a pitch and a putt. Hagen sank a downhill 6-footer (1.8 m) on the final hole to win on 301, a one-stroke victory margin. Had the putt not dropped, a 36-hole playoff was in order for Saturday.


1924 Open Championship
Smith was three strokes back in a tie for third place, one of twelve times he finished in the top-five of a major championship without a victory. Taylor finished in fifth at the age of 53, thirty years after his first Open title. Gene Sarazen, age 22, played in his first British Open this year and was 41st. He won the championship in 1932 and played in the Open as late as 1976.


1924 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round
Amateurs: Tolley (314), Sutton (323), Hassall (328), Hope (328), Robinson (329), Walker (332)


1924 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1924 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1924 college football season. In their first season under head coach Paul J. Schissler, the Beavers compiled a 3–5 record (1–4 against PCC opponents), finished in seventh place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents, 85 to 71. Millard Scott was the team captain, and Percy Locey became the first Oregon Agricultural player to appear in an East–West Shrine Game. The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon.


1924 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
In the early months of 1924, the college considered applications from 90 candidates for the position as the head football coach. On April 1, 1924, Paul Schissler was hired for the post. He had previously served as the head football coach at Lombard College in Galesburg, Illinois, had lost only one game (to Notre Dame) and outscored opponents 800 to 69 in three years at Lombard, and had been recommended to Oregon Agricultural by Knute Rockne.


1924 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1924 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1924 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Joe Maddock, the Webfoots compiled a 4–2–3 record (2–2–1 against PCC opponents), finished in sixth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 94 to 60. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.


1924 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1924 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the 18th water polo championship in Hungary. There were seven teams who played one-round match for the title.


1924 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1924 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), 2. Class
1. UTE 4, 2. MTK 2, 3. BEAC 0 pont.


1924 Ottawa Rough Riders season
The 1924 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 3rd place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 2–4 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 12th consecutive season, the longest such drought in club history. This would also be the last season as the "Rough Riders" before changing to the name "Senators" for the next six seasons.


1924 Oxford by-election
The Oxford by-election, 1924 was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 June 1924 for the British House of Commons constituency of Oxford.


1924 Oxford by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant when the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Frank Gray was unseated on petition on 14 May, after his agent had falsified the account for his expenses at the 1923 election. Gray had held the seat since the 1922 election.


1924 Oxford by-election, Campaign
All three candidates were former Oxford Blues enabling the popular press to dub the campaign 'The Battle of the Blues'.


1924 Oxford by-election, Campaign
Former Liberal MP Frank Gray, despite being barred from standing, was still very popular in the constituency and he was active in support of Fry throughout the campaign. During the campaign Fry advocated the introduction of equal opportunities for women, the imposition of responsibilities on the fathers of illegitimate children and the introduction of a tax system that would give privacy and independence to married women.


1924 Oxford by-election, Aftermath
Bourne would hold the seat at the following General Election;


1924 PGA Championship
The 1924 PGA Championship was the seventh PGA Championship, held September 15–20 at the French Lick Springs Golf Club in French Lick, Indiana. Walter Hagen, the 1921 champion, defeated Jim Barnes in the finals, 2 up. It was the sixth of Hagen's eleven major titles.


1924 PGA Championship
The victory ran Hagen's match record at the PGA Championship in the 1920s to 15–1 (.938), falling only to Gene Sarazen in 38 holes in the 1923 finals. It was the first of Hagen's four consecutive PGA Championships; through 2013, no other player was won more than two consecutive titles. Barnes had won the first two titles in 1916 and 1919.


1924 PGA Championship
The field of 32 for match play was determined by the 36-hole stroke play qualifier on Monday, September 15. All matches were 36 holes, in a five-round single-elimination tournament. Two-time defending champion Sarazen lost in the second round to semifinalist Larry Nabholtz, 2 & 1.


1924 PGA Championship
Opened in 1917, the course was designed by Donald Ross.


1924 PGA Championship, Format
The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1924 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in six days:


1924 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1924 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific (COP) as an independent during the 1924 college football season. They had been a member of the California Coast Conference (CCC) from 1922 to 1923 and became a charter member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) in 1925. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Erwin Righter and played home games at a field on campus in Stockton, California. Pacific finished with a record of 6–3 and outscored their opponents 152–115 for the season.


1924 Palace Law of Succession
The Palace Law of Succession, Buddhist Era 2467 (1924) (Thai: กฎมณเฑียรบาลว่าด้วยการสืบราชสันตติวงศ์ พระพุทธศักราช ๒๔๖๗; RTGS: Kot Monthian Ban Wa Duai Kan Suep Ratchasantatiwong Phra Phutthasakkarat Song Phan Si Roi Hok Sip Chet) governs succession to the Throne of the Kingdom of Thailand, under the ruling House of Chakri. Succession matters prior to the end of absolute monarchy in 1932 could be contentious, especially during the Ayutthaya period from the 14th to 18th centuries. In 1924, King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) attempted to clarify the succession process by laying down the Palace Law of Succession.


1924 Palace Law of Succession
It was promulgated and came into effect in November 1924 as, in part, an attempt to eliminate the vagueness relating to succession within the Thai monarchical regime and to systematically resolve previous controversies. In 1932, after Siam became a constitutional monarchy, various amendments relating to succession were introduced. The 1997 Constitution of Thailand relied on the law with regards to succession, but the 2006 Interim Constitution made no mention of succession, leaving it to "constitutional practice." The 2007 Constitution again relied on the Palace Law. The preamble of the 2014 interim constitution of Thailand abrogated the 2007 Constitution, with the exception of chapter 2, concerning the monarchy and the succession.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
The original Palace Law of A.D. 1360 relating to succession since Ayutthaya Kingdom period (1351–1767) did not lay out a clear system for determining a successor upon the death of a king. Rather, it provided a frame of reference from which the next king could be chosen. Typically, the new king would be either the late king's son born of a major queen or consort (Thai: หน่อพระพุทธเจ้า; RTGS: no phra phuttha chao), or one of his brothers. The Law also provided rules by which someone who was neither a son nor a brother of the deceased king could accede to the throne, should the situation or circumstances require it.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
However, the Palace Law was not always followed and did not ensure smooth successions. At least one third of Ayutthaya's royal successions involved bloodshed. Indeed, the history of the kingdom at that time is a chronicle of frequent usurpations and of ambitious men thwarting the final wishes of recently departed kings. Historian David K. Wyatt observed that "virtually all successions to the throne of Ayutthaya in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were, at the least, irregular, and in many cases either disguised or real usurpations."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
King Taksin (reigned 1767–1782) established himself as King of Siam by right of conquest. He, however, alienated the ecclesiastical support to secure the legitimacy of his reign, and was overthrown in a palace coup. His chief military commander, then on an expedition to enforce recognition of his friend and king by the current ruler of Cambodia, hastened to the rescue. When apprised of the full seriousness of situation, however, he concurred in the overthrow and founded the Royal House of Chakri as King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (later styled Rama I, reigned 1782–1809.)


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
He next established the office of the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand. Then, following the precedent of the newly crowned King Wareru of the 13th century, the newly crowned king of Siam commissioned scholars to collect and revise laws from the Ayutthaya era. The Code of Wareru is reflected in successive codes, but the Siamese went beyond it to establish a true code of laws. The Palace Law was a constituent part of this new legal compendium called The Three Seals Code, which was needed, Rama I said, because old laws were often misinterpreted and this led to injustice. Succession under the Three Seals Code took into account the potential of the next king to be, as prescribed by ancient Buddhist texts, a dhammaraja (righteous king). This was manifested in his upholding of the Ten Virtues of Kingship. Lineage, however, still played a very important role.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
All of the transfers of power in the Royal House of Chakri that followed the introduction of the Three Seals Code were accomplished with almost no bloodshed – although they were not without some complications. In part, greater adherence to the idea that the wisest and most capable possible successor should be chosen has tempered the eight successions of the Royal House of Chakri during the Rattanakosin (Bangkok) era. At a special council of senior members of royalty and officials, it was agreed that King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai or Rama II (reigned 1809–1824) should succeed his father.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
After the death of Rama II in 1824, a grand assembly of the royal family, high officers of state and members of the Buddhist monkhood led by the supreme patriarch was convened. The assembly chose a son born of Rama II and a royal consort, a prince who had a proven record, over the king's much younger and less experienced half-brother, Prince Mongkut, who had recently been ordained as a monk. Although as the son of a full queen, Prince Mongkut might have had a superior claim to the throne in terms of lineage, he remained in the temple. This averted a potential succession crisis and any conflict with King Nangklao or Rama III (reigned 1824–1851).


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
The nuances of all this were beyond the understanding of many European observers raised in the presumably less complicated tradition of primogeniture, in which the oldest male heir always succeeds by right of lineage. In the eyes of some Westerners, it appeared that new king had usurped the throne. Later, Rama III's own succession nearly became a crisis. As his health continued to deteriorate in 1851 following months of fruitless discussions about possible successors, the heir to the throne remained unnamed.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
A foreign observer of the time recounted that: "All parties concerning the question of the succession were preparing themselves with arms and troops for self-defence and resistance." Before they could come to blows, "there was convened at the king's palace ... a meeting of all the princes, nobles, and chief rulers of the land to confer on the all engrossing question of who shall become the successor to the present king."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
One of the possible successors to the throne was Prince Mongkut again. Over the 27 years of Rama III's reign, the royal monk had become the leader of a Buddhist reform order. When considering his heir, Rama III had reportedly expressed reservations about the princes who might succeed him. If Prince Mongkut became king, Rama III feared he might order the Sangha (community of monks) to dress in the style of the [Buddhist] Mons. To assuage such doubts, Prince Mongkut wrote a letter to the assembly to make his own case for succeeding to the throne. He also ordered monks in his order to discontinue any practices considered unorthodox or foreign.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
According to historian David K. Wyatt, who cites an account given by Prince Mongkut to American missionary Dan Beach Bradley about two weeks before Rama III died, the assembly resolved to protect the claims to the throne of Prince Mongkut and his talented younger brother, Prince Chudamani. As it came to pass, when Rama III passes away, Prince Mongkut becomes king Rama IV, reigned 1851–1868, and Prince Chudamani was elevated to the office and residence of Front Palace as Phra Pinklao (or Pin Klao) with equal honor to the King (as was the case with Naresuan and Ekatotsarot.)


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
In English, the office is called " Uparaja,  "Vice King" or "Second King", with Mongkut preferring the latter. In the Chakri dynasty, there were three previous holders of the office – Isarasundhorn, Maha Senanurak and Maha Sakdi Polsep. The first was the only Chakri Front Palace to succeed as king, as Rama II.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
King Mongkut left the position of second king open after Phra Pinklao died in 1865. If King Mongkut had named a replacement second king, the throne could have passed to that person rather than one of his sons. When King Mongkut died in 1868, the Great Council was assembled again. It selected 15-year-old Prince Chulalongkorn, the oldest son of King Mongkut, and Chao Phraya Sri Suriyawongse, a leading member of the powerful Bunnag family, was appointed regent. The council also named the son of the former second king, Prince Yodyingyot (1838–1885, later known as Prince Bovorn Vichaichan), as the uparat (ancient title for "vice king.")


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
As uparat, Prince Yodyingyot, who resided in the Front Palace previously occupied by his father, Phra Pinklao, had 2,000 of his own troops and modern military equipment. In the Front Palace crisis of 1875, the troops of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V, reigned 1868–1910) and Prince Yodyingyot nearly clashed when it appeared that the latter was challenging the throne. Prince Yodyingyot sought refuge in the British consulate and, after lengthy negotiations, his troops were disarmed and the prince allowed to return to the Front Palace. When Prince Yodyingyout died in 1885, King Chulalongkorn discontinued the Front Palace and uparat system entirely.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
A year later, King Chulalongkorn elevated the oldest, full-blooded prince among his sons, Prince Vajirunhis (1878–1895) to the position of Crown Prince (Thai: สมเด็จพระบรมโอรสาธิราช สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร; RTGS: Somdet Phra Boromma-orasathirat Sayam Makut Ratchakuman). The investiture came well ahead of any expected succession. It was not surprising that the king at this time should choose a modified system of primogeniture to designate his heir apparent. A succession crisis might have left Siam vulnerable to interference from predatory, encroaching Western colonial powers. As Wyatt noted: "By 1910 [the year of King Chulalongkorn's death] the Siamese had abandoned the old rules of succession to the throne and had adopted the Western pattern of designating the heir to the throne long in advance."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
The accession of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI, reigned 1910–1925) was the least problematic succession in the history of the Royal House of Chakri up to that point. After the premature death of Crown Prince Maha Vajirunhis, his younger half brother, Prince Vajiravudh was invested as crown prince in 1895 and, upon the death of his father King Chulalongkorn, acceded to the throne. Based on his own experience as heir, King Vajiravudh knew that his father had wanted to institute a more ordered system of succession on the basis of primogeniture which unequivocally designated a crown prince. During his reign, he set the precedent for numbering Kings of Thailand as "Rama" by styling himself as Phra Ram thi Hok (พระรามที่หก.) Rama VI, however, was unable to produce a male heir and, as a result, succession became an issue again.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Background
Of the 77 children fathered by King Chulalongkorn, only seven sons born of queens survived beyond 1910, In the early 1920s, two of King Vajiravudh's three full brothers died. By the end of 1925, only the youngest brother, Prince Prajadhipok, was still alive. As a result, Wyatt writes that, "the problem of succession to the throne came to prominence rather suddenly in the last few years of the reign". This situation provided important impetus for drafting the Palace Law of Succession or kot monthian ban wa duai kan suep santatiwong in 1924. This law which continues to provide the framework for succession today, confirmed the primacy of the lineage of King Chulalongkorn and Queen Saovabha, as well as the king's sole and authentic right to choose his successor. It also made the determination of succession as legally precise and binding as possible.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
In the first section, King Vajiravudh states that "according to royal tradition, Siamese Kings have the sole power and prerogative to designate any descendant of the royal family as heir to the throne". Explaining why this new law was needed, King Vajiravudh wrote:


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
"But as it has been in the past, and could be in the future, the king cannot name his own successor ... resulting in troubling events ... When kings have died, the vying for royal power has opened an opportunity for persons ... who have been obstructive to the prosperity of the kingdom. It has also been the opportunity for enemies, both internal and external, to think of doing harm to the royal family and the freedom of Siam. [ Such situation] has brought disaster to the Thai nation. The king has thus desired to have a law determining succession in order to reduce the trouble of contending [for the throne] within the royal family."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
According to King Vajiravudh, it was his father's intention to bring Thai royal successions into closer line with those of other nations. The important principles established by the law concern the king's right to name or remove an heir apparent, the procedures to be used if the king has not named an heir apparent, and also a description of the suitable characteristics for an heir to the throne.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
The reigning king has absolute power to name any royal male as heir apparent, and upon being announced publicly, the "position of such heir is secure and indisputable":


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
The king also has absolute power to remove an heir apparent from the position. If he does so, "his entire lineage is removed from any claim to the throne":


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
While Section 9 ranks those eligible for kingship, the law's next set of clause entitled, "On those who must be excluded from the line of succession", describes what might disqualify a potential heir to the throne.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
"Whoever is to ascend to the throne should be one from the masses fully respect and can be contentedly taken as their protector. Therefore any member of the royalty whom the multitude holds as loathsome, such person should forswear the path to succession in order to remove the worry from the king and the people from the realm."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
The last exclusion, Section 13, pertains to accession by a princess:


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
Other points in the law provide guidance for when the new king is a minor under 20 years of age (a member of the royalty is to be named as regent and the two most senior privy councillors are to act as advisers). Procedures were also put in place for future kings to amend the law. They are advised to keep in mind that the law was written to strengthen the dynasty, and that amendments required approval from two-thirds of the Privy Council.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
The 1924 Palace Law of Succession was put into effect the following year with the accession of King Prajadhipok (Rama VII, reigned 1925–1935). He had never been groomed for the throne, nor had he ever expected to accede or aspired to doing so. He had spent most of his adult life in military schools (Royal Military Academy, Woolwich in England and L'École Supérieure de Guerre in France) and had only returned to Siam in 1924. When his older brother died late the following year, he was at the top of the succession list and became Siam's last absolute monarch.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
Although the Palace Law on Succession worked in 1925, there remained some underlying problems. King Prajadhipok wrote in 1926 that the law still embodied the two distinct and rather contradictory principles that had long characterized succession in Siam: "the principle of election and the principle of hereditary succession". For example, if the king did not designate his own successor, the throne was to go to one of his sons. King Prajadhipok remarked, "This sounded straightforward enough, but a complication arises here owing to the habit of polygamy."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Details of succession
The law specified that the next king was to be chosen according to the rank of his mother, the queen. But there were four ranks of queen, and this arrangement was complicated by the fact that the rank of a queen could either be raised or lowered "according to the whims of the king". Thus several people could still make competitive claims to the throne. King Prajadhipok observed: "This, to my mind, creates very great possibilities of complications." In addition, he was not convinced that the flexibility in the law, which allowed for a monarch to choose a successor who would please the people, could be properly applied.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
On 11 November 1924, King Vajiravudh amended the Palace Law outlining a list of succession which adhered strictly to the Rules of Primogeniture, clearly stating that the son of a deceased heir would have precedence over the younger brother of his late father. This followed the European concept of primogeniture with added difference that whilst in Europe all male offspring would have their place in the line of succession, in Thailand rights of succession are only to be found in the male offspring who are descended from the King by royal consorts.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
King Vajiravudh also clearly outlines the various groups of consorts and grants rights of succession to their descendants in order of the seniority of the title of the consort – that is, the descendants of a consort of the first rank come before those of a consort of the second rank in the list of succession, and so on. The system applies equally to his own reign as to all previous and future reigns of the Chakri Dynasty.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
Thus, if the line of the reigning King fails, on his death one searches amongst the line of his predecessor for an heir, and if that line has failed, amongst the line of his predecessor. Rights of succession are thus clearly vested in all lines of descent from King Rama I through a King and a royal consort.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
Whilst no specific reference is made to the individual consorts of each reign by name, the interpretation of the list of succession with reference to the Royal Family in 1924 is that the descendants of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) by Queen Saovabha Phongsri (1864–1919) have rights above those of his descendants by Queen Savang Vadhana (1862–1955), and those of Queen Savang Vadhana above those of Queen Sukhumala Marasri (1861–1927), etc.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
King Chulalongkorn fathered a total of 77 children of which there were 32 sons (however a lesser number survived into adulthood) by 4 different queens and 32 consorts but most of them were born of non-royal wives or Chao Chom Manda. Between the 1910s and 1920s, there were only seven sons born of three principal queens with princely rank of Chao Fa (Thai: เจ้าฟ้า; "sky lord" or "celestial prince") as follows:-


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
During the reign of King Vajiravudh, two of his full brothers, Prince Chudadhuj Dharadilok and Prince Asdang Dejavudh died in 1923 and 1925 respectively. Another brother and heir presumptive, Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath died in 1920 not long after divorcing his Russian wife, Katya. Their only son, Prince Chula Chakrabongse, was excluded from the succession because his mother was a foreigner under Section 11 (4) of the 1924 Palace Law. While Prince Varananda Dhavaj, only son of Prince Chudadhuj Dharadilok from a morganatic union, was considered, by royal discretion, ineligible to the throne.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
According to the Palace Law, Prince Prajadhipok, the only surviving full brother of King Vajiravudh via bloodline of Queen Saovabha Phongsri, was then the next in line to the throne. Prince Mahidol Adulyadej became second in line (although older than Prince Prajadhipok, he was son of Queen Savang Vadhana). Third and fourth in line would be his two sons: Prince Ananda Mahidol and Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej. Last in line would have been Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, only son of Queen Sukhumala Malasri, although this was unlikely given he had been exiled in the Siamese revolution of 1932.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
The law based on the principle of male primogeniture, with first in line being the eldest son of the previous monarch and second in line being the next-oldest son, and so on. The law expressly ruled against women ascending the throne (this clause was abrogated in the 1997 Constitution).


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
This line of succession was followed when King Vajiravudh died on 26 November 1925, with Prince Prajadhipok succeeding as King Rama VII. Neither King Vajiravudh nor his successor had sons. The latter was childless while the former's only offspring was a daughter, who was born two days before his death and was excluded from the line of succession under Section 13 of the Palace Law.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
The absolute monarchy was overthrown on 24 June 1932 and the king was placed within a constitutional framework, but the new constitution continued to rely on the Palace Law regarding matters of succession. Many of the 18 constitutions that have followed since 1932 contain provisions concerning succession and all of them have affirmed that choosing an heir apparent is a prerogative of the king. In the absence of a designated heir, these constitutions generally left the questions of succession up to the Privy Council or members of the royal family working under the 1924 Palace Law of Succession.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Historical practice
In 1935 when King Prajadhipok abdicated without designating an heir, the cabinet took five days to consider possible successors within the Royal House of Chakri bloodline before setting upon Prince Ananda Mahidol, the eldest heir of Prince Mahidol Adulyadej. This choice followed the 1924 Law of Succession and was also approved by the National Assembly. No debate was needed when the unmarried young King Ananda Mahidol died unexpectedly on 9 June 1946. His younger brother, Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej, was undisputed heir and succeeded to the throne, reigning until his death on 13 October 2016.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
The 1997 constitution of Thailand, like most preceding Thai constitutions, continued to rely on the Palace Law with regards to succession. However, the 2006 Interim Constitution does not contain any articles regarding succession, and instead, left it to "constitutional practice." Sections 22 and 23 of the 2007 Constitution dealing with succession again relied on the Palace Law.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
King Bhumibol Adulyadej officially appointed Prince Vajiralongkorn, his eldest and only son, as Crown Prince and successor on 28 December 1972. The Thai constitution was amended in 1974 to allow the Privy Council to appoint a princess as successor to the throne, if the monarch had not previously appointed a successor. This change made for the possibility of an eventual female succession in the absence of male heir (something not hitherto allowed for).


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
These rights of succession of a female are strictly defined and apply only to the daughters of a king, and may only come into effect following the approval of the legislative assembly. However this would definitely occur in the absence of a royally appointed successor. This amendment is retained in Section 23 of the 1997 "People's Constitution" and 2007 Constitution, and Section 21 of the 2017 Constitution.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
"In the case where the throne becomes vacant and the king has not appointed his heir under paragraph one, the Privy Council shall submit the name of successor to the throne under Section 22 to the Council of Ministers [cabinet] for further submission to the National Assembly for approval. For this purpose, the name of a princess may be submitted. Upon the approval of the National Assembly, the president of the National Assembly shall invite such successor to ascend the throne and proclaim such successor king."


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
Recent constitutions of Thailand have made the amendment of the Palace Law of Succession the sole prerogative of the reigning King. According to Gothom Arya, former Election Commissioner, this allows the reigning king, if he so chooses, to appoint his son or any of his daughters to the Throne.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
The Palace Law of Succession, the Constitutions of Thailand, and the appointment of Prince Vajiralongkorn as successor in 1972 left nothing uncertain about the succession - upon the death of King Rama IX, the Cabinet was legally bound to inform the president of the National Assembly, which was in turn legally bound to invite Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn to become king.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
On the evening of 13 October 2016, Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha announced "Dear Thai people, His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the Ninth of His Dynasty, has passed away. Long live His Majesty the King of the New Reign." Parliament was scheduled for a meeting at 9 pm, and some news outlets assumed that this meant that Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn would be proclaimed King.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
Parliament met at 9:30 pm. An announcement was made about the death of the King. The members of the National Legislative Assembly (NLA) stood for 9 minutes of silence. The president of the NLA announced that the National Legislative Assembly would execute section 23 of the 2007 Constitution and the Palace Law, but he did not specify when. The parliamentary session was closed at 9:45 pm.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
At 9:40 pm, Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha announced that earlier in the evening, he had been granted an audience with Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn, who told him he would like to take some time to grieve before accepting the invitation to become the new king, and that in the meantime he would undertake the royal duties of the Crown Prince.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
"Right now we have no king," said Peerasak Porjit, vice president of the National Legislative Assembly on 14 October. "So, all of the royal duties of a king must be done through the regent." He confirmed that General Prem Tinsulanonda, President of the Privy council, was regent indefinitely, in accordance with the Constitution. Some succession law experts have expressed puzzlement at the lack of succession.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, The law today
On 1 December 2016, after 50 days has passed since the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn granted an audience to Prayut Chan-o-cha the Prime Minister, Pornpetch Wichitcholchai the President of the National Legislative Assembly (NLA), and Prem Tinsulanonda the Regent pro tempore at the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall in Dusit Palace and accepted an invitation to ascend the throne from the President of the NLA in order to "fulfill the royal intentions of the late King for the benefit and happiness of all Thais". He was proclaimed as King Rama X in the name of His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun.


1924 Palace Law of Succession, Line of succession
2.The proposal of the name of a Princess to the throne, there has been an amendment to the constitution since 1974. Therefore, the lineage of the King Bhumibol Adulyadej is counted in accordance with the constitution amended in his reign.


1924 Panamanian general election
General elections were held in Panama on 2 September 1924 to elect both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.