1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: at Wisconsin
Suddenly, with a great burst of speed, a Michigan man went for him, grabbed him and downed him. I looked for the number of the Michigan man. Lo and behold, it was 'Butch' Slaughter, a guard, who, under ordinary circumstances, would have no more business in that part of the field than I would. Down Harris and Slaughter went on our 20-yard line, and with them went the chance of all chances for Wisconsin, for the whistle which ended the game blew at that moment.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: at Wisconsin
Like the prior week's victory over the Quantico Marines, the victory against Wisconsin was costly. All-American center Jack Blott "was carried from the field with a broken ankle" in the second quarter and was unable to play in the final game of the season against Minnesota.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: at Wisconsin
At the conclusion of the game, a crowd of Wisconsin fans surrounded referee Walter Eckersall to protest the decision granting Michigan's touchdown. One of the angry fans reportedly struck Eckersall, who was then escorted from the field by Wisconsin players. The response in Madison was so strong that rumors circulated that Wisconsin intended to sever athletic relations with Michigan.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: at Wisconsin
Michigan's lineup against Wisconsin was Marion (left end), Muirhead (left tackle), Slaughter (left guard), Blott (center), Steele (right guard), Babcock (right tackle), Curran (right end), Rockwell (quarterback), Kipke (left halfback), Steger (right halfback), and Miller (fullback).


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
Michigan concluded its undefeated season on November 24 with a 10–0 win over Minnesota. The game was played at Ferry Field in front of a crowd of close to 42,000 spectators. The game was the final college football appearance for two All-American halfbacks, Harry Kipke of Michigan and Earl Martineau of Minnesota. Both teams came into the game unbeaten.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
Six of Michigan's 11 starters were injured and unavailable to play in the game. Accordingly, Michigan played five starters and six substitutes against the Golden Gophers. Minnesota also suffered a setback when its starting quarterback, Graham, was injured in the first quarter.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
Michigan scored the only touchdown of the game in the second quarter on a 51-yard drive that featured a ten-yard run by Harry Kipke and a 12-yard gain on a pass to Steger. With the ball at the Minnesota 31-yard line, fullback Richard Vick passed to quarterback Ferdinand Rockwell. Rockwell caught the pass at the 20-yard line and ran for the touchdown. Rockwell also kicked the extra point to give Michigan a 7–0 lead. In the third quarter, Edliff Slaughter blocked a punt by Martineau, and Dick Babcock recovered the ball at Minnesota's 27-yard line. When Michigan was unable to score, Kipke drop-kicked for a field goal from the 37-yard line. Minnesota's final drive was stopped on an interception by Kipke.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
On defense, Michigan shut out a Minnesota offense that had scored 34 points against Northwestern and 20 against Iowa. The Golden Gophers threw eight passes for zero completions and two interceptions. Left tackle Stanley Muirhead, playing his final game for Michigan, was credited with the success of the defense:


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
In his last game against Minnesota, November 24, Muirhead was everywhere. He made three-fourths of the tackles under punts, and was always on the ball. A check was made during the game of Muirheads's tackles. No less than twenty-two times did this stalwart tackle bring down his man. He was a veritable demon on the field. He could not be stopped. If there is a greater tackle in the country than Stan Muirhead of Michigan he has not yet been seen.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
Princeton coach Bill Roper watched the Michigan-Minnesota game as a guest of Fielding Yost. After the game, Roper had high praise for Kipke: "Kipke is the greatest punter I have ever seen ... I have never seen such deadly accuracy ... It was impossible for the Minnesota quarterback to handle Kipke's kicks. Most of them went out of bounds some fifty yards from the line of scrimmage."


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: Minnesota
Michigan's starting lineup against Minnesota was LeRoy Neisch (left end), Stanley Muirhead (left tackle), Edliff Slaughter (left guard), Robert J. Brown (center), Harry Hawkins (right guard), George Babcock (right tackle), Louis Curran (right end), Tod Rockwell (quarterback), Harry Kipke (left halfback), Herb Steger (right halfback), and Richard Vick (fullback).


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
The 1923 season ended with Michigan and Illinois both undefeated and tied for the Big Ten football championship. As the two teams did not play each other in 1923, The New York Times looked to their records against common opponents to determine which team was superior. In games against three common opponents (Ohio State, Iowa, and Wisconsin), Michigan had defeated the opponents 38–6 as compared to 28–6 for Illinois. Against Ohio State, Michigan had won 23–0 while Illinois' margin was 9–0. Although there was no AP Poll in 1923 to determine a national champion, Michigan has been recognized as national champions by the Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation. Other selectors have recognized Illinois as the national champions of 1923.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
Jack Blott was the only Michigan player selected for Walter Camp's first-team All-American squad for 1923. Blott also won first-team honors from Athletic World (based on polling of 500 coaches), Football World magazine, Norman E. Brown (sports editor of the Central Press Association), Davis Walsh (sports editor for the International News Service), and Walter Eckersall.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
Halfback Harry Kipke was a consensus first-team All-American in 1922, but in 1923, Red Grange (Illinois) and Harry Wilson (Penn State) were the consensus first-team picks at halfback. The only major selector to award first-team All-American honors to Kipke in 1923 was Lawrence Perry. At the end of the season, Coach Yost added his own praise for Kipke, calling him "the best kicker of all time," and adding: "Never has there been a kicker in all time who could place his ball or time his kicks as well as Kipke."


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
Other Michigan players included on 1923 All-American teams included Edliff Slaughter (a first-team pick by Lawrence Perry) and Stanley Muirhead (a second-team pick by Athletic World, Norman E. Brown, and Lawrence Perry).


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
During the 1923 season, Michigan played before crowds totaling 225,000 – exceeding the 1922 attendance by 5,000. Despite the growing demand for seats, Michigan's Board of Regents at the end of November 1923 rejected a proposal to build a large new football stadium. The Regents instead approved a plan to expand the seating capacity at Ferry Field. (Michigan Stadium was not built until 1927.)


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Michigan's lineup during the 1924 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics Yost's short punt formation while on offense, with the quarterback under center.


1923 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Varsity letter winners
The following players were awarded varsity letters for their participation on the 1923 Michigan football team.


1923 Middle Tennessee State Normal football team
The 1923 Middle Tennessee State Normal football team represented the Middle Tennessee State Normal School (now known as Middle Tennessee State University) during the 1923 college football season. The team captain was Bob King.


1923 Milan–San Remo
The 1923 Milan–San Remo was the 16th edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 25 March 1923. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Costante Girardengo, his third of six wins.


1923 Milwaukee Badgers season
The 1923 Milwaukee Badgers season was their second in the National Football League. The team improved on their previous league record of 2–4–3, winning 7 games. They tied for third place in the league.


1923 Milwaukee Badgers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1923 Minneapolis Marines season
The 1923 Minneapolis Marines season was their third in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 1–3, winning two games. They finished 13th in the league.


1923 Minneapolis Marines season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1923 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach William H. Spaulding, the Golden Gophers compiled a 5–1–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 114 to 60. It was Minnesota's final season playing on Northrop Field.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
End Ray Eklund was a consensus first-team All-American, and halfback Earl Martineau also received first-team All-American honors from Walter Camp.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Three Minnesota players were selected as first-team players on the 1923 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Eklund and Martineau both received first-team honors from the Big Ten coaches and from Norman E. Brown. Guard George Abramson received first-team honors from Brown.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Minnesota concluded its season on November 24, 1923, with a 10–0 loss to Michigan. The game was played at Ferry Field in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in front of a crowd of close to 42,000 spectators. The game was the final college football appearance for two All-American halfbacks, Harry Kipke of Michigan, and Earl Martineau of Minnesota. Both teams came into the game unbeaten.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Six of Michigan's 11 starters were injured and unavailable to play in the game. Accordingly, Michigan played five starters and six substitutes against the Golden Gophers. Minnesota also suffered a setback when its starting quarterback, Graham, was injured in the first quarter.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Michigan scored the only touchdown of the game in the second quarter on a 51-yard drive that featured a ten-yard run by Harry Kipke and a 12-yard gain on a pass to Steger. With the ball at the Minnesota 31-yard line, fullback Richard Vick passed to quarterback Tod Rockwell. Rockwell caught the pass at the 20-yard line and ran for the touchdown. Rockwell also kicked the extra point to give Michigan a 7–0 lead. In the third quarter, Edliff Slaughter blocked a punt by Martineau, and Dick Babcock recovered the ball at Minnesota's 27-yard line. When Michigan was unable to score, Kipke drop-kicked for a field goal from the 37-yard line. Minnesota's final drive was stopped on an interception by Kipke.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On defense, Michigan shut out a Minnesota offense that had scored 34 points against Northwestern and 20 against Iowa. The Golden Gophers threw eight passes for zero completions and two interceptions. Left tackle Stanley Muirhead, playing his final game for Michigan, was credited with the success of the defense:


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
In his last game against Minnesota, November 24, Muirhead was everywhere. He made three-fourths of the tackles under punts, and was always on the ball. A check was made during the game of Muirheads's tackles. No less than twenty-two times did this stalwart tackle bring down his man. He was a veritable demon on the field. He could not be stopped. If there is a greater tackle in the country than Stan Muirhead of Michigan he has not yet been seen.


1923 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Princeton coach Bill Roper watched the Michigan-Minnesota game as a guest of Fielding Yost. After the game, Roper had high praise for Kipke: "Kipke is the greatest punter I have ever seen ... I have never seen such deadly accuracy ... It was impossible for the Minnesota quarterback to handle Kipke's kicks. Most of them went out of bounds some fifty yards from the line of scrimmage."


1923 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1923 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1923 college football season.


1923 Mississippi Normal Normalites football team
The 1923 Mississippi Normal Normalites football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Normal College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In their third year under head coach O. V. Austin, the team compiled a 3–3 record.


1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1923, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Lee M. Russell was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.


1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election
This gubernatorial election was the first in Mississippi that allowed women the right to vote.


1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
No candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 5 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by former Superintendent of Education Henry L. Whitfield, who defeated former Governor Theodore G. Bilbo.


1923 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1923 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (Missouri Valley) during the 1923 college football season. The team compiled a 2–3–3 record (2–2–2 against Missouri Valley opponents), finished in eighth place in the Missouri Valley conference, and was outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 40 to 31. Gwinn Henry was the head coach for the first of nine seasons. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1923 Mitcham by-election
The Mitcham by-election of 1923 was held on 3 March 1923. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Thomas Worsfold. It was won by the Labour candidate James Chuter Ede.


1923 Montana State Bobcats football team
The 1923 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (later renamed Montana State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1923 college football season. In its second season under head coach Ott Romney, the team compiled a 5–4 record (1–2 against RMC opponents), finished seventh in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 272 to 69.


1923 Montana football team
The 1923 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1923 college football season. They were led by second-year head coach John W. Stewart, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4–4).


1923 Morpeth by-election
The Morpeth by-election, 1923 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Morpeth in Northumberland on 21 June 1923. The seat had become vacant on the death in May 1923 of the constituency's Labour Member of Parliament (MP) John Cairns, who had held the seat since the 1918 general election.


1923 Morpeth by-election, Candidates
Labour selected as its candidate the former leader of the Miners Federation of Great Britain, Robert Smillie, a founder of the Independent Labour Party who had stood unsuccessfully at many previous parliamentary elections. Smillie's selection placed many Northumberland Miners in a strange position as they had been used to having local miners candidates to elect to represent them in Cairns and his predecessor, the Liberal Thomas Burt. Smillie on the other hand, was a Scotsman with no links to the local community.


1923 Morpeth by-election, Candidates
Smillie's only opponent was the Liberal, 50 year-old Newcastle based, Frank Thornborough. Unlike Smillie, he could demonstrate commitment to serving the people of Morpeth. Thornborough had been the Liberal candidate at both the last election, when the Liberals came second and the election of 1918. He was also a politician of some stature, having been Chairman of the National League of Young Liberals.


1923 Morpeth by-election, Candidates
The Conservative Party had come third in Morpeth at the 1922 general election but did not field a candidate in the by-election. This was expected to help the Liberal campaign as it was thought that many Conservative voters would not vote for a Scottish Socialist. However, for Thornborough to win, he would need to retain his support and pick up virtually all of the Conservative vote to defeat Smillie.


1923 Morpeth by-election, Result
Smillie held the seat comfortably, with a slightly increased majority;


1923 Morpeth by-election, Aftermath
Smillie was re-elected at the general election in December 1923 and again at the 1924 election, but stood down at the 1929 general election due to ill health. Thornborough stood at four other elections, but never entered Parliament.


1923 Morpeth by-election, Aftermath
Morpeth remained a Labour-held constituency until the party split at the 1931 election, when the Conservative Godfrey Nicholson served one term. Labour's Robert Taylor regained the seat at the 1935 election, and Morpeth elected Labour MPs until the constituency's abolition for the 1983 general election.


1923 Municipal Manager Law
The 1923 Municipal Manager Law was the last type of reformed municipal government the State of New Jersey introduced in the progressive era. The law introduced to New Jersey the council–manager form of government first developed in Sumter, South Carolina.


1923 Municipal Manager Law
The council is nonpartisan and elected at-large for four-year terms. The terms may be either concurrent or staggered, and there is an option for run-off elections. Presently, only Lodi Borough uses run-offs and staggered terms, with half of the council being elected for four-year terms every two years.


1923 Municipal Manager Law
The mayor, elected by the council from its own numbers, has no executive responsibility beyond appointing representatives of commissions and boards, and presiding over council meetings. The mayor is elected for a four-year term in municipalities with concurrent terms or serves for a two-year term in Lodi Borough which has staggered terms.


1923 Municipal Manager Law
The members of the council are subject to recall elections.


1923 NC State Wolfpack football team
The 1923 North Carolina State Wolfpack football team was an American football team that represented North Carolina State University during the 1923 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Harry Hartsell, the team compiled a 3–7 record.


1923 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The 1923 College Basketball All-American team, as chosen retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation. The player highlighted in gold was chosen as the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year retroactively in 1944.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships
The 1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships was the third NCAA track and field championship. The event was held at Stagg Field in Chicago, Illinois in June 1923. The University of Michigan won the team title, and six NCAA records were set at the two-day meet.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
The 1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships were held at Stagg Field in Chicago on June 15 and 16, 1923. The University of Michigan won the team title, accumulating more than twice as many points as the second-place team. Michigan's dominant performance in the NCAA championships led the Associated Press to report:


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
"Seventeen men from the University of Michigan nailed the leaders' flag to their masthead today by scooping the championship track and field games of the national collegiate athletic association from a fighting array of picked men from sixty-two institutions of America. The Wolverine stars, with 31 points, far outdistanced the field, often leaving dust in the eyes of competitors with teams twice her size pitted against her."


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
Michigan's victory in the track and field championship was the school's seventh collegiate athletic championship in nine months. The Atlanta Constitution reported on the unusual accomplishment as follows:


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
"With the winning of the National Collegiate Athletic association championship track meet at Chicago last week, the University of Michigan brought to a close one of the most successful athletic years that has been the lot of any major institution in the country, winning a total of 7 championships in the 9 months of competition. ... Michigan's track team, in  addition to  winning the national collegiate meet, won the conference indoor and outdoor track titles and these, coupled with the cross country championship made four championships that were brought to Michigan by the track squad."


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
In the opening event of the meet, Charles Brookins of the University of Iowa set a new world record of 23.9 seconds in the 220-yard low hurdles around one turn.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
Six NCAA records were set in the broad jump, pole vault, hammer throw, shot put, half-mile run and 220-yard low hurdles.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
DeHart Hubbard, an African-American athlete competing for the University of Michigan, broke the NCAA record in the broad jump with a distance of 25 feet, 2 inches. He broke the previous NCAA mark by 13 inches. Hubbard's jump was one inch short of the world record set by E.O. Gourdin in 1921.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Overview
Anderson of the University of Southern California broke the NCAA record in the shot put with a toss of 46 feet, 8 inches.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, 100-yard dash
1. Lou Clarke, Johns Hopkins – 9.9 seconds (tied NCAA record) 2. Fred Tykle, Purdue 3. Lester Wittman, Michigan 4. Charles Brookins, Iowa5. Anderwert, Washington Univ., St. Louis


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, 120-yard high hurdles
1. Ivan Riley, Kansas State Aggies (Kansas State) – 15.2 seconds 2. Hugo "Swede" Leistner, Stanford 3. Taylor, Grinnell 4. F. Johnson, Illinois5. DeHart Hubbard, Michigan


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, 220-yard dash
1. Eric Wilson, Iowa – 21.9 seconds 2. Lou Clarke, Johns Hopkins 3. Erwin, Kansas State Aggies 4. Anderwert, Washington Univ., St. Louis5. Lester Wittman, Michigan


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, 220-yard low hurdles
1. Charles Brookins, Iowa – 23.6 (new world record)2. Taylor, Grinnell3. O. Anderson, Univ. South. Calif.4. Hugo "Swede" Leistner, Stanford5. Frazier, Baylor


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, 440-yard dash
1. Commodore Cochran, Mississippi A&M (Mississippi State)- 49.2 seconds 2. T. Smith, Kalamazoo State Normal (Western Michigan) 3. Sweet, Illinois 4. Fitch, Illinois5. Williamson, Stanford


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, Half-mile run
1. Alan Helffrich, Penn State – 1:56.5 (new NCAA record) 2. William Homer Hattendorf, Michigan 3. Schuyler Enck, Penn State 4. Jim Reese, Texas5. Harry Morrow, Iowa


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, One-mile run
1. Schuyler Enck, Penn State – 4:27.4 2. Robbins, Wabash 3. Brandes, Hamlin College 4. Schneider, Wisconsin5. Krogh, Chicago


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events, Two-mile run
1. Vern Booth, Johns Hopkins – 9:32.2 2. Crippen, Northwestern 3. Egbert Isbell, Michigan 4. Bourke, Chicago5. Phelps, Iowa


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, Broad jump
1. DeHart Hubbard, Michigan – 25 feet, 2 inches (new NCAA record) 2. Van Arsdale, Wabash 3. Perry, Miami 4. F. Johnson, Illinois4. O. Anderson, Univ. South. Calif.


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, High jump
1. Tom Poor, Kansas – 6 feet, 1 inch 2. Ray W. Smith, Michigan 2. Weeks, Notre Dame 2. Weatherdon, NYU2. David MacEllven, Michigan2. Dickson, Chicago


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, Pole vault
1. James Brooker, Michigan – 13 feet, 1 inch (new NCAA record)1. McKowan, Kansas State Teachers – 13 feet, 1 inch (new NCAA record)  3. Rogers, Kansas 4. Hammann, Wisconsin4. Rueherwain, YMCA College, Chicago4. Kirkpatrick, YMCA College, Chicago4. Mason, Washington


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, Discus throw
1. Thomas Lieb, Notre Dame –  143 feet, 4 inches 2. Gatchell, Mississippi A&M 3. Arthur, Stanford 4. N. Anderson, Univ. South. Calif.5. Gross, Minnesota


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, Javelin
1. Harry Frieda, Chicago –  193 feet, 6 inches 2. Priester, Mississippi A&M – 189 feet, 9½ inches 3. Welchel, Georgia Tech – 187 feet, 9 inches 4. Schjoll, Minnesota – 184 feet, 8½ inches5. Hartley, Nebraska – 178 feet, 3 inches


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, Shot put
1. Norm Anderson, Univ. South. Calif. – 40 feet, 6 inches (new NCAA record) 2. Beers, Maryland 3. Keen, Texas Aggies 4. Arthur, Stanford5. Gross, Minnesota


1923 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events, Hammer throw
1. Tootell, Bowdoin –  175 feet, 1 inch 2. Hill, Illinois 3. Howard Hindes, Michigan 4. Ludeke, Stanford5. Carl Schmidt, Michigan


1923 NCAA baseball season
The 1923 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1923. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947. In the northeast, many college began their seasons on or about March 31.


1923 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners
This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1923 season.


1923 NFL season
The 1923 NFL season was the fourth regular season of the National Football League. For the first time, all of the clubs that were considered to be part of the NFL fielded teams. The new teams that entered the league included the Duluth Kelleys, the St. Louis All Stars (which only lasted one season), and a new Cleveland Indians team. The Evansville Crimson Giants folded from the league.


1923 NFL season
The Canton Bulldogs repeated as NFL Champions after ending the season with an 11–0–1 record.


1923 NFL season, Teams
Twenty teams competed in the NFL during the 1923 season.


1923 NFL season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1923 NSWRFL season
The 1923 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the sixteenth season of Sydney’s top-level rugby league club competition, Australia’s first. Nine teams from across the city contested during the season which culminated in Eastern Suburbs’ victory over South Sydney in the premiership final. This season would be the last season that future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee Duncan Thompson played in, for he returned to Toowoomba after a dispute with North Sydney.


1923 NSWRFL season, Finals
The top two sides, Eastern Suburbs and South Sydney, tied on equal points at the end of the season. Eastern Suburbs had previously been leading South Sydney by two premiership points coming into the final round of the year, only to lose to third-placed Balmain by one point in front of 14,000 people in their final match. South Sydney on the other hand won their final match against North Sydney to finish level on top of the ladder.


1923 NSWRFL season, Finals, Premiership final
A final, the second in as many seasons, was played between Eastern Suburbs and South Sydney the following Wednesday 12 September at the Sydney Cricket Ground, attracting a crowd of 15,000 people. With referee Tom McMahon officiating Eastern Suburbs prevailed winners 15–12 and claimed their first premiership since 1913.


1923 NSWRFL season, Finals, Premiership final
Eastern Suburbs 15 (Tries:  Caples 2,  Steel. Goals: Oxford 3)


1923 NSWRFL season, Finals, Premiership final
Easts kicked off in front of 15,000 spectators, Souths responded soon after with  a try to Benny Wearing, the try was unconverted leaving Souths with a 3–0 lead. Easts responded with an unconverted try to Les Steel after some good lead up work from Easts captain Harry Caples. Both sides then traded penalty goals. The Tricolours took a 7–5 lead to the break following another goal to front-row forward Arthur Oxford.


1923 NSWRFL season, Finals, Premiership final
After the break play flowed from end to end until, from a scrum win in Souths halfback, Johnstone, kicked over the defense, regathered, then found Wearing who scored under the posts, Wearing then converted his own try to give Souths a 10–7 lead. The lead changed yet again when Caples took an intercept, kicked past the fullback and scored, Oxford converted to make it 12–10. A penalty goal to Benny Wearing  soon after locked the scores up at 12 points all. With time almost up Caples scored out wide after some fine lead up work from Easts centre, Dawson.


1923 NSWRFL season, Finals, Premiership final
The win gave Eastern Suburbs their first premiership in ten years. rugby league publication Rugby League News referred to the match as "the most brilliant game of the season."


1923 NYU Violets football team
The 1923 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In their second year under head coach Tom Thorp, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record.


1923 National Amateur Cup
The 1923 National Amateur Cup was the USFA's first attempt to stage a national knockout competition strictly for amateur soccer teams. This edition however did not reach a conclusion and no overall winner was crowned. The tournament suffered numerous delays. Among the worst instances was an early round game between Swedish Americans of Chicago and Gary, Indiana scheduled for mid December. Poor field conditions due to bad weather prevented the completion of their matchup until the end of March. Consequently no national final or semifinals were played.


1923 National Amateur Cup
Ten years prior, the USFA's earlier incarnation, the AAFA, had conducted two tournaments on the amateur level. Both were successful in the sense that they were completed expeditiously however they were able to draw few if any teams from beyond the New York area. The 1923 amateur tournament drew 68 teams ranging from Chicago, Illinois to Rumford, Maine including even a team from Ontario, Canada. The 'finals' in the brackets below represent the national quarterfinal round with the district winners in bold.


1923 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1923 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1923 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Bob Folwell, the Midshipmen compiled a 5–1–3 record, shut out three opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 168 to 62.


1923 Navy Midshipmen football team
The annual Army–Navy Game was played on November 25 at the Polo Grounds in New York City and the teams played to a scoreless tie. Navy was invited to play in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day, and played Washington to a 14–14 tie.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nebraska in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1923 college football season. In its third season under head coach Fred Dawson, the team compiled a 4–2–2 record (3–0–2 against conference opponents), won the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 112 to 71. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
Coach Dawson returned for his third season with two conference championships to his credit and a new home playing field following the completion of Memorial Stadium, but it was a hard start to the season. The most pronounced change was the absence of Jack Best, the team's trainer of the previous 32 seasons dating to the beginning of the program, who had died shortly after the end of the 1922 season.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season
The first team on the schedule was not the typical tune-up patsy scrimmage of most seasons past, as coach Dawson had arranged an opening battle on the road against Illinois in order to infuse his team with a heavy dose of experience early in the year. Making things additionally rough to start the year, only nine starters from last season's title team were returning to play for the Cornhuskers.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Bassett, Henry (Sr.)TBerquist, Joy (Sr.)RGBloodgood, Elbert (So.) QBCollins, Melvin (So.) EDewitz, Herbert (Sr.)HBDewitz, Rufus (Jr.) HBGately QBHalberslaben GHartman, Cecil (Sr.)FBHendrickson, Emil (Jr.) GHill THubka, Ladimer (So.) EHutchinson, Harold (So.) CLewellen, Verne (Sr.)QBLocke, Roland (So.) HBMackey C


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
McAllister, Eugene (Jr.) EMcGlasson, Ross (Sr.)GMyers, Douglas (So.) ENoble, Dave (Sr.)HBOgden, Warren (So.) GPacker, Bloyce GPopelar EPospisil, Frank GRandolph, George HBReed GRhodes, John (So.) ERobertson, Rob (So.) ERorby, Noel CWeir, Ed (Jr.) TWostoupel, Joseph (So.) E


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Illinois
Nebraska had not faced Illinois since 1905, but had racked up victories in every contest against the Fighting Illini to date. This time, however, the game was to be played in Champaign instead of Lincoln, and the Cornhuskers had only two weeks of practice to prepare for this opening contest. The game was held close, and the outcome was in doubt until the fourth quarter, when Illinois finally overpowered Nebraska and pulled away for the win. The Cornhuskers went home with an opening loss, but held the series advantage at 4-1.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma
The Cornhuskers hosted Oklahoma for the first game played at the new Memorial Stadium in Lincoln. The lopsided score does not tell the tale of the game, which was a bitter contest of near equals except for the breaks that fell in favor of the Cornhuskers. The Sooners repeatedly threatened to score and were thwarted by untimely errors, and the final Nebraska score came on another near-touchdown by Oklahoma that was turned over and returned 90 yards. Oklahoma remained winless in the series, trailing Nebraska 0-4-1.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
Although this was not the first game to be played at the new Memorial Stadium, this was the game associated with the official dedication of the facility, scheduled to coincide with homecoming. According to the Nebraska yearbook, there was apparently a streak of home field losses for area teams dedicating new stadiums at about this time, and although Nebraska did not drop this game, they also failed to get a win against visiting Kansas. Where Nebraska had the offense to move the ball, Kansas produced some stingy goal line stands to keep the Cornhuskers off the board for all four quarters, leaving both teams scoreless at the final whistle. Nebraska's overall lead in the series thus remained unchanged, at 19-9-2.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri
For the second game in a row, Nebraska came out looking solid and played strong football, only to be met by an equally strong team opposing them. It was not a game filled with errors and mishaps, but rather two well-coached teams that matched up equally. As a result, the game ended in a 7-7 tie, the second consecutive tie game for Nebraska. The only other time Nebraska had tied two games in a row was in 1919, and it never happened again. Missouri still had a long way to go if they hoped to catch up the series, as they still lagged behind 3-13-1.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Nebraska's season began rather weakly as the Cornhuskers managed to scrape up to a 1-1-2 record to date. Unsurprisingly, things looked grim for the home team as the undefeated Notre Dame team returned to Lincoln with a 6-0 record, having prevented all opponents from scoring more than a single touchdown in each game. The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame were looking to exact revenge for the defeat handed them by Nebraska the previous year. The game opened with Notre Dame shocked at their struggle to gain the upper hand.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Nebraska scored once, and then again, going up 14-0 by halftime, stunning the crowd entirely - both those rooting for Notre Dame and for Nebraska. Knute Rockne finally managed to coach his team to a single fourth-quarter touchdown, but the day belonged to the Cornhuskers. For the second time in a row, Nebraska handed the Four Horsemen a loss, which was also only the second time they had lost to any team. Notre Dame went on to win the next three games, finishing their season with just the one loss in Lincoln, again not allowing any of those other opponents more than 7 points per game. The Nebraska win caught them up with the Fighting Irish, to 4-4-1 all time.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State
Nebraska ran right out to a 26-0 lead, never seriously being challenged by Iowa State for most of the game despite a hard-fought and physical battle on the field. In the fourth quarter, however, injuries and substitutions disrupted the rhythm of the Cornhuskers, which allowed Iowa State to come to life and put in a late 14 points. Iowa State's record against Nebraska fell to 4-15-1.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Nebraska had some players still out from injury, while many who stayed in were slowed by various problems still carried since the Iowa State game. In another battle against a strong eastern team, both squads fought to a standstill for most of the game. Near the end, however, as in the previous week, the Cornhuskers began to bend and then finally allowed Syracuse a single touchdown, which was enough for to Syracuse to be the first visiting team to win in Nebraska's new stadium. Nebraska's frustration against the Orangemen was extended as they fell to 1-3 against Syracuse all time.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State
Nebraska found success in the final game of the season by controlling the time of the possession, with a punishing ground game that prevented Kansas State from opportunities to touch the ball. Although the final score implied a convincing win, the Kansas State squad threatened to score throughout the entire game when they were able to get the ball, and the outcome was not decided until late in the day. The Nebraska win extended the futility of the Kansas State squad in the series, as they remained winless in all  eight games played to date.


1923 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season
After two very successful seasons, coach Dawson's third year experienced a setback in the program's record, but still came away with several successes. Although Nebraska tied two conference games, they were also unbeaten in conference play and had one less tie game than Kansas, which handed Dawson his third consecutive league title. Bigger than that was the defeat of Notre Dame in Lincoln. Notre Dame was now undefeated for two seasons in a row - except for the two losses handed down to them by the Cornhuskers. Coach Dawson's career record suffered from the relatively weak showing on the year, falling to 18-4-2 (.792) as the program's overall record slipped to 192-64-17 (.734). Nebraska's conference record also fell slightly, despite taking home the title again, to 35-3-4 (.881).


1923 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The 1923 Nevada Wolf Pack football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Ray Courtright, the team compiled a 2–3–2 record, scored 97 points, and allowed 97 points.


1923 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The team played the undefeated 1923 California Golden Bears football team to a scoreless tie, the only setback sustained in Cal's otherwise perfect season.


1923 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
On March 31, 1924, Courtright announced his resignation as athletic director and head coach from the University of Nevada, effective at the end of the school year. Courtright took a post as head coach at Colorado School of Mines. Courtright compiled a 26–13–7 record in five seasons as Nevada's head football coach.


1923 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
Bill Gutteron played quarterback for the Wolf Pack from 1923 to 1925. He later played quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Buccaneers.


1923 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season
The Sagebrushers finished the 1922 season 5–3–1. The athletic nickname Sagebrushers was changed to Wolf Pack in 1923.


1923 New Hampshire football team
The 1923 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1923 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach William "Butch" Cowell, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record, and outscored opponents by a total of 106 to 75. The team played its home games in Durham, New Hampshire, at Memorial Field.


1923 New Hampshire football team
This was the first season that the team represented the University of New Hampshire, which had been incorporated on July 1, 1923. In prior seasons, the school had operated as New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. This was also the first season of play for the New England Conference.


1923 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The Vermont game was attended by Governor of New Hampshire Fred H. Brown.


1923 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
During the November 3 game against Lowell Textile, New Hampshire tackle Leonard P. Stearnes experienced abdominal pain. Later admitted to a hospital in his hometown of Belmont, Massachusetts, he died on November 8. The 1925 edition of The Granite, New Hampshire's annual college yearbook, was dedicated to Stearnes.


1923 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
Team captain Cy Wentworth set, and still holds, the New Hampshire record for most points scored in a single game, with 37 points against Lowell Textile, made via six touchdowns and one extra point kick.


1923 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1923 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) during the 1923 college football season. In their first year under head coach R. R. Brown, the Aggies compiled a 9–0 record, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 218 to 17. The team played its home games on Miller Field, sometimes also referred to as College Field.


1923 New Mexico Lobos football team
The 1923 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Roy W. Johnson, the Lobos compiled a 3–5 record.


1923 New Mexico Lobos football team
Halfback Ogle Jones was the team captain. Jones played for the Lobos from 1921 to 1924 and was recognized in 1949 as "the greatest football player who ever performed for the honor and glory of the University of New Mexico."


1923 New Mexico Lobos football team
The team's tallies of 82 points against New Mexico Normal on September 29 and 75 points against Montezuma College on October 15 ranked at the time as second and third highest point totals in school history – trailing only the 108 points scored in 1916 against Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff.


1923 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1923 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 29 December 1922.


1923 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1923 New Year Honours, British Empire, King's Police Medal (KPM)
His Majesty has also graciously consented to the King's Medal being handed to the nearest relative of the undermentioned Officer, who was killed on duty on 24 September, and who would have received the decoration had he survived:


1923 New Year Honours, British Empire, Promotions
The following promotions have been made, dated 31 December 1922:


1923 New Year Honours, British Empire, Promotions
The undermentioned officers are promoted to the ranks stated, with effect from 1 January 1923:


1923 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1923 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George V on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1922 and the beginning of 1923, and were announced on 1 January 1923.


1923 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1923 New York Giants season
The 1923 New York Giants season was the franchise's 41st season. The Giants won the National League pennant with a 95-58 record. The team went on to lose to the New York Yankees in the 1923 World Series, four games to two.


1923 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1923 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1923 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 New York Giants season, 1923 World Series, Game 1
October 10, 1923, at Yankee Stadium in New York City


1923 New York Giants season, 1923 World Series, Game 2
October 11, 1923, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City


1923 New York Giants season, 1923 World Series, Game 3
October 12, 1923, at Yankee Stadium in New York City


1923 New York Giants season, 1923 World Series, Game 4
October 13, 1923, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City


1923 New York Giants season, 1923 World Series, Game 5
October 14, 1923, at Yankee Stadium in New York City


1923 New York Giants season, 1923 World Series, Game 6
October 15, 1923, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City


1923 New York Yankees season
The 1923 New York Yankees season was the 23rd season for this American League franchise and its 21st season in New York. Manager Miller Huggins led the team to their third straight pennant with a 98–54 record, 16 games ahead of the second place Detroit Tigers. The Yankees moved into the now famous Yankee Stadium. In the 1923 World Series, they avenged their 1921 and 1922 losses by defeating the New York Giants in 6 games, 4 games to 2, and won their first World Series title.


1923 New York Yankees season, Regular season
The Yankees began their first World Championship Season on April 18 as they opened Yankee Stadium. Babe Ruth christened the new stadium, with a home run in the Yankees' 4–1 victory over the Boston Red Sox. The stadium would later be called "the House that Ruth Built".


1923 New York Yankees season, Regular season
On May 5, the Yankees beat the Philadelphia Athletics 7–2 at Yankee Stadium to regain first place, the Yankees would never fall back in the standings for the rest of the season.


1923 New York Yankees season, Regular season
Babe Ruth set a Yankees record for highest batting average in one season by hitting .393. Ruth also finished the season with 41 home runs and 131 RBIs. Ruth's average was not enough to win the batting title, as Ruth finished in second place to Detroit's Harry Heilmann who batted .403. Ruth reached base safely 379 times during the season.


1923 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1923 New York state election
The 1923 New York state election was held on November 6, 1923, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.


1923 New York state election, History
In 1923, there was only one state officer to be elected statewide: a judge of the Court of Appeals, to succeed John W. Hogan, who would reach the constitutional age limit at the end of the year.


1923 New York state election, History
The Democratic State Committee met on September 28. Supreme Court Justice Irving Lehman was nominated for the Court of Appeals unanimously.


1923 New York state election, History
The Republican State Committee met on September 29. The Democratic nominee, Supreme Court Justice Irving Lehman, was endorsed for the Court of Appeals.


1923 New York-Pennsylvania League season
The 1923 New York–Pennsylvania League season was the league's first season of play. The Williamsport Billies became the New York–Pennsylvania League's (Now Eastern League) first champions by having the best record at the end of the regular season. The New York–Pennsylvania League played at the Class B Level during this season.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
The 1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held in February 1923 to determine the future leadership of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Buller MP Harry Holland, once again retaining office.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Background
Despite high hopes Labour had underperformed at the 1922 election. While the party had gained an extra nine seats in Parliament, it failed in its main objective to supersede the Liberal Party as the official opposition. The more moderate Labour MPs saw this as an opportunity to finally replace Harry Holland as leader of the party.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Background
James McCombs proposed that an office in the Labour Party should not be held by one member for longer than one Parliamentary term at a time, which was seconded by Sullivan. Rather than challenge Holland himself personally, as had been the case in the previous leadership elections, the pair appealed to the democratic nature of the party and hoped it would appeal to the influx of new members.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Harry Holland
Holland had been Labour's leader since 1919 surviving several leadership challenges (opposed in all by McCombs). Many supported him as leader due to his stern emphasis on teamwork and majority rule which gave his colleagues a certain amount of freedom to speak out on issues themselves, so long as they didn't directly contravene Holland himself.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Candidates, Dan Sullivan
Dan Sullivan had been an MP since 1919 and at the time was Labour’s senior whip. He was a moderate and had supported all of the previous challenges against Holland by Jimmy McCombs. He was one of the mainly Christchurch based MPs who found Holland's leadership to be too autocratic and overbearing.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Result
The election was conducted through a members ballot by Labour's parliamentary caucus. Holland secured fourteen votes to Sullivan's three. Sullivan next stood for the Deputy-leader role, but was defeated by Holland's preferred candidate Michael Joseph Savage 11 votes to 16.


1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, Aftermath
Harry Holland would continue to lead the Labour Party without any further challenges to his leadership until his death in 1933. Sullivan's failure to secure the Leader and Deputy-leader positions signaled to the moderate wing of the Labour Party that they were clearly the caucus minority. After his election as the deputy-chair, Savage proposed that the votes for leadership positions be held at the start of every new parliament rather than annually. After a long discussion, the motion was carried 10 votes to 5.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1923 New Zealand rugby league season was the 16th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
New Zealand played in no international matches during the season.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
Huatahi Paki played 15 games for the St. George Dragons during the season.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup
South Auckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season. During the season they had drawn 20-all with Auckland in Hamilton.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition
The West Coast defeated Wellington 12-6 in their first ever win.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
The City Rovers won the Auckland Rugby League's competition for a third year in a row. City defeated Grafton 8-7 in the championship cup final. Ponsonby won the Roope Rooster.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Lou Brown played for Newtown while City included Maurice Wetherill, Hec McDonald, Ben Davidson and captain Bill Davidson.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Addington won the Canterbury Rugby League's McKeon Cup. Hornby won the Thacker Shield.


1923 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Kaiapoi played in the senior competition for the first time.


1923 Newcastle-upon-Tyne East by-election
The Newcastle-upon-Tyne East by-election of 1923 was held on 17 January 1923. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Joseph Nicholas Bell.


1923 Newfoundland general election
The 1923 Newfoundland general election was held on 3 May 1923 to elect members of the 25th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Reform Party, an alliance between the Liberals led by Richard Squires and the Fishermen's Protective Union of William Coaker, formed the government. The Liberal-Labour-Progressive party, now led by William J. Higgins, formed the opposition. Squires was forced to resign as Prime Minister in 1923 after allegations of corruption were brought forward. William Warren became Liberal Reform Party leader and Prime Minister. After Warren's government was defeated following a motion of no confidence, Albert Hickman was asked to form a government and Warren joined Higgins in a new Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party.


1923 Niagara vs. Colgate football game
The 1923 Niagara vs. Colgate football game was a college football game between the Niagara Purple Eagles and the Colgate Maroon played on October 6, 1923. The game was played at Whitnall Field in Hamilton Village, New York. The game is known for the Niagara team refusing to tackle their opponents during play and intentionally allowing them to score multiple times.


1923 Niagara vs. Colgate football game
Coach Pete Dwyer of Niagara wanted to play four quarters of eight minutes in length rather than the standard 15-minute quarters, an agreement reached between the schools at an earlier date. Opposing coach Dick Harlow wanted nothing to do with the rule change and insisted on the standard 15 minutes. In protest, the players of Niagara refused to tackle their opponents. Dwyer told his team "I will dismiss from the squad any man who makes a tackle. I refuse to ruin you as a football team by playing 60 minutes against a team like that, even if they score 1,000 points." Colgate scored three touchdowns in the first two minutes before Harlow agreed to the 8 minute quarters and resumed the game.


1923 Niagara vs. Colgate football game
Colgate's star halfback, Ed Tryon, scored a team record seven touchdowns in the game. His 42 total points also remain a Colgate record for a single game.


1923 Nigerian general election
General elections were held in Nigeria for the first time on 20 September 1923. The Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) won three of the four elected seats in the Legislative Council.


1923 Nigerian general election, Background
Elective democracy had been introduced in Nigeria in May 1919, when the Townships Ordinance gave the right to vote for three members of Lagos Town Council to some men. The first elections to the council were held on 29 March 1920. In 1922 a new constitution (known as the Clifford Constitution after Governor Hugh Clifford) was promulgated, which introduced four elected seats to the Legislative Council, three for Lagos and one for Calabar.


1923 Nigerian general election, Electoral system
The 1922 Nigeria (Legislative Council) Order in Council provided for a 46-member Legislative Council, of which 23 were ex-officio officials, four were nominated officials, up to 15 were appointed unofficial members and four were elected. The 23 ex officio officials included the Governor, the Chief Secretary and their deputy, the Lieutenant Governors and secretaries of the Northern and Southern Provinces, the Attorney General, the Commandant of the Nigerian Regiment, the Director of Medical Services, the Treasurer, the Director of Marine, the Comptroller of Customs, the Secretary of Native Affairs, together with ten senior residents.


1923 Nigerian general election, Electoral system
The franchise was restricted to men aged 21 or over who were British subjects or a native of Nigeria who had lived in their municipal area for the 12 months prior to the election, and who earned at least £100 in the previous calendar year. The right to vote was withheld from those who had been convicted of a crime and sentenced to death, hard labour or prison for more than a year, or were of "unsound mind". Only around 4,000 people registered to vote in Lagos out of a population of 99,000, whilst just 453 registered in Calabar.


1923 Nigerian general election, Electoral system
All eligible voters could also run as candidates unless they had an undischarged bankruptcy, had received charitable relief in the previous five years or were a public servant. Candidates were required to obtain the nomination of at least three registered voters and pay a £10 deposit. Electoral regulations were passed on 1 June 1923, setting out details of how the elections would be carried out, including the creation of an electoral register. The term of the council was five years.


1923 Nigerian general election, Campaign
Ten candidates contested the three Lagos seats, whilst four candidates ran for the single seat in Calabar.


1923 Nigerian general election, Results, List of members
Governor Clifford appointed 13 unofficial members to the Legislative Council, of which seven were Europeans and six Africans. The seven Europeans represented commercial interests, with three representing the banking, mining and shipping sectors, and four representing commercial interests of Calabar, Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt. The six Africans represented African Traders, the Colony of Lagos, Oyo Province, Rivers district, the Egba and the Ibo. The nominated officials were the General Manager of Nigerian Railways, the Director of Public Works and the Postmaster-General.


1923 Nigerian general election, Aftermath
The new Legislative Council was inaugurated on 31 October. In 1926 a by-election was held in the Lagos seat following Egerton Shyngle's death, and was won by John Caulcrick of the NNDP. In 1927 two of the commercial members were replaced; R F Irving became the member for Lagos on 1 February and H S Feggetter of Elder Dempster Lines became the shipping representative on 4 April.


1923 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1923 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1923 college football season.


1923 North Dakota Agricultural Bison football team
The 1923 North Dakota Agricultural Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1923 college football season. In its fourth, nonconsecutive season under head coach Stanley Borleske, the team compiled a 2–4–1 record (1–3 against NCC opponents) and tied for fifth place out of eight teams in the NCC. The team played its home games at Dacotah Field in Fargo, North Dakota.


1923 North Dakota Flickertails football team
The 1923 North Dakota Flickertails football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1923 college football season. In its fifth year under head coach Paul J. Davis, the team compiled a 5–3 record (2–1 against NCC opponents), finished in second place out of eight teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 157 to 92.


1923 Northern Illinois State Teachers football team
The 1923 Northern Illinois State Teachers football team represented Northern Illinois State Teachers College in the 1923 college football season. The team competed in the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, which was also known as the Little Nineteen. They were led by first-year head coach William Muir and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The Teachers finished the season with an 1–4–3 record and an 0–2–3 record in conference play. Elmer Kujala was the team's captain.


1923 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1923 Northwestern Purple football team represented Northwestern University during the 1923 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Glenn Thistlethwaite, the Purple compiled a 2–6 record (0–6 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in last place in the Big Ten Conference.


1923 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1923 Norwegian Football Cup was the 22nd season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF. Brann won their first title, having beaten Lyn in the final. Odd were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Lyn in the semifinal.


1923 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1923 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1923 college football season.


1923 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
Key players included quarterback Harry Stuhldreher, halfback Don Miller, fullback Elmer Layden, center Adam Walsh, tackle Joe Bach, and guard Harvey Brown.


1923 Oamaru by-election
The Oamaru by-election of 1923 was a by-election during the 21st New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was called following the invalidation of the preceding 1922 general election result due to irregularities. It was held on 1 May 1923.


1923 Oamaru by-election, Background
When the preliminary counts for the 1922 general election in the Oamaru electorate were announced, Ernest Lee was ahead of John Andrew MacPherson by just one vote. Once the absentee votes had been counted, it was announced that MacPherson was leading by five votes, but this was subsequently increased to 25 votes. A recount was ordered, during which some irregularities came to light, and Lee asked for a judicial review. The court case was heard at the Supreme Court in Wellington by Sir Robert Stout and Justice Alexander Samuel Adams, who declared the election void and ordered the parties to pay their own expenses.


1923 Oamaru by-election, Candidates
Two candidates contested the seat. John Andrew MacPherson (Liberal Party), who had taken the seat off the incumbent Ernest Lee (Reform Party), again won the vote.


1923 Oamaru by-election, Result
MacPherson won the by-election. At the subsequent general election in 1925, Lee in turn defeated MacPherson.


1923 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team
The 1923 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team represented Oglethorpe University in the sport of American football during the 1923 college football season. The 1923 season was not without its challenges. The Petrels did not do well in out of conference games, but amassed a decent conference record.


1923 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team
One game of note is the Mercer game. Mercer scored in the opening drive on an 85-yard touchdown run by Kid Cecil, the third longest in southern football history, but missed the extra point. Oglethorpe held Mercer for the whole game until almost the end of the fourth quarter. Oglethorpe scored, which brought the score to 7–6 for Oglethorpe. The tired Oglethorpe team knew the game was not over and tried to fight on. Mercer edged its way to the 15-yard line, but Oglethorpe was able to stop them as the time ran out, securing a Petrel win.


1923 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1923 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1923 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 3–4–1 record, but outscored opponents 124–99.


1923 Ohio state highway renumbering
In 1923, Ohio renumbered almost all of its state highways in order to simplify the system.


1923 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team
The 1923 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1923 college football season. This was the 20th year of football at A&M and the third under John Maulbetsch. The Aggies played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 2–8, 1–3 in the Southwest Conference.


1923 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1923 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1923 college football season. In their 19th year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled a 3–5 record (2–4 against conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Missouri Valley Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 144 to 111.


1923 Oklahoma Sooners football team
No Sooners were recognized as All-Americans, and end King Price was the only Sooner to receive all-conference honors.


1923 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1923 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1923 college football season.


1923 Ontario general election
The 1923 Ontario general election was the 16th general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 25, 1923, to elect the 111 Members of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").


1923 Ontario general election
The Ontario Conservative Party, led by George Howard Ferguson, was returned to power with a majority in the Legislature as voters rejected the United Farmers of Ontario-Labour coalition government of Ernest C. Drury.


1923 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Wellington Hay, lost close to half its caucus in the Conservative landslide.


1923 Ontario general election, Voter turnout
The election saw a voter turnout of just 54.7%, the lowest voter turnout in Ontario history until the 2007 election.


1923 Oorang Indians season
The 1923 Oorang Indians season was their second and final season in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous league record of 3–6, winning only one NFL game. They finished eighteenth in the league.


1923 Oorang Indians season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1923 Open Championship
The 1923 Open Championship was the 58th Open Championship, held 14–15 June at Troon Golf Club in Troon, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Arthur Havers holed a bunker shot on the 72nd hole to win his only major title, one stroke ahead of defending champion Walter Hagen, who won the following year.


1923 Open Championship
Under the rotation system then in place, the Open should have been held at Muirfield. However some doubt existed "as to the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers being desirous of their course being used for the event" and the Championship was moved to Troon, the first Open Championship to be played there. Troon hosted the Open for the second time in 1950, the first time the Open had been held in southwest Scotland since 1925 at nearby Prestwick.


1923 Open Championship
Qualifying took place on 11–12 June, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the New (Portland) Course at Troon Golf Club and 18 holes on Troon Municipal Course number 2 (now called Lochgreen). The top eighty and ties qualified. Albert Tingey Jr., Syd Wingate, and Charles Whitcombe led the field on 146; the qualifying score was 159 and 88 players advanced.


1923 Open Championship
Hagen was among the eleven who just qualified on 159, while future champions Jim Barnes (1925) and Gene Sarazen (1932) both scored 160 and missed out by a stroke. After a 75 on Monday, Sarazen was in the first group out on the New Course on Tuesday morning; they had the worst of the rain and wind, and he shot 85. Sarazen, age 21, already a winner of two majors, had won the Daily Dispatch Northern Professional Championship just ten days earlier at Lytham. Six-time champion Harry Vardon was at 163; it was the first time he did not play in an Open in over thirty years. Wednesday was an idle day.


1923 Open Championship
In the opening round on Thursday morning, Joe Kirkwood led with 72; after the second round that afternoon, Havers and Charles Whitcombe co-led at 146, with Hagen a stroke back. In the two-day format, there was no cut after 36 holes.


1923 Open Championship
Havers carded a third consecutive 73 on Friday morning to carry a two-stroke lead over Hagen into the final round that afternoon. Hagen threatened the lead throughout the round, and when Havers found a bunker on his approach shot at the 18th it appeared as if the door was open for Hagen. Havers, however, chipped in from the bunker to post a 76 for 295. Hagen found the same bunker and needed to hole out to force a 36-hole playoff on Saturday, but his shot narrowly missed and he finished a shot behind Havers. Macdonald Smith finished a stroke behind Hagen in third place.


1923 Open Championship
After his win, Havers made a tour of the United States and defeated both Bobby Jones and Gene Sarazen in match play contests.


1923 Open Championship, Venue
This was the first Open at Troon and its Old Course was changed significantly with the addition of sixty new banked-up bunkers. Its length was reduced slightly, from 6,439 to 6,415 yards (5,888 to 5,866 m); the 5th hole (Greenan) was reduced from 323 to 185 yards (295 to 169 m).


1923 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round
Amateurs: R. Scott (307), Tolley (313), Soulby (315), Caven (325), E. Scott (328), Watson (330)


1923 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1923 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1923 college football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach R. B. "Dick" Rutherford, the Beavers compiled a 4–5–2 record (1–3–1 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents, 71 to 55. Tackle Percy Locey was the team captain. The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon.


1923 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
In January 1924, coach Rutherford resigned as the school's football coach and director of athletics, effective at the end of his contract July 1, 1924. According to the Corvallis Gazette-Times, it had been "an open secret" that the alumni had been active in opposing Rutherford's retention. In four seasons under coach Rutherford, the Aggies compiled a losing record of 13–14–6 (4–10–3 against PCC opponents).


1923 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1923 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1923 college football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Charles A. Huntington, the Webfoots compiled a 3–4–1 record (0–4–1 against PCC opponents), finished in last place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 113 to 66. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.


1923 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1923 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the 17th water polo championship in Hungary. There were six teams who played one round match for the title.


1923 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1923 Osiris
1923 Osiris, provisional designation 4011 P-L, is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis Johannes van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in the United States. It was named after the Egyptian god Osiris.


1923 Osiris, Orbit and classification
Osiris orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.3–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,388 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. Due to a precovery taken at the discovering observatory in 1953, the body's observation arc is extended by 7 years prior to its official discovery observation.


1923 Osiris, Orbit and classification, Palomar–Leiden survey
The designation P–L stands for Palomar–Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis Johannes van Houten at Leiden Observatory. The trio are credited with several thousand asteroid discoveries.


1923 Osiris, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Osiris is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.


1923 Osiris, Physical characteristics
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Osiris measures 13.461 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo of 0.031. As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained.


1923 Osiris, Naming
This minor planet was named after Osiris, the Egyptian god of vegetation, of the waxing and waning Moon and of the annual flooding of the Nile. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1979 (M.P.C. 5013).


1923 Ottawa Rough Riders season
The 1923 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 4th place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 1–5 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.


1923 Ottawa municipal election
The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on January 1, 1923 to elect members of the 1923 Ottawa City Council.


1923 PGA Championship
The 1923 PGA Championship was the sixth PGA Championship, held September 24–29 in New York at Pelham Country Club in Pelham Manor, Westchester County. The field of 64 qualified by sectional tournaments, and competed in six rounds of match play, all at 36 holes in a single-elimination tournament.


1923 PGA Championship
In the final match on Saturday, defending champion Gene Sarazen met 1921 winner Walter Hagen, who had skipped the event the previous year. Sarazen won in 38 holes for his second consecutive PGA Championship and the third of his seven major titles.


1923 PGA Championship
Even in strokes (77) and holes after the morning round, Sarazen was two up with three holes to play, but consecutive  bogeys left them all square and the 36th hole was halved with par fours. Both birdied the first extra hole with fours and the next was a driveable par four, a short downhill dogleg, and both went for the green. Hagen's tee shot was only twenty feet (6 m) from the cup but in a bunker, while Sarazen was in the rough and fifty feet (15 m) out. Hagen failed to exit the sand with his second shot, while Sarazen pitched to four feet (1.2 m) and sank it for a birdie to win. Hagen rebounded and won the next four PGA Championships (1924–1927).


1923 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1923 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific (COP) as a member of the California Coast Conference (CCC) during the 1923 college football season. The team was led by third-year head coach Erwin Righter and played home games at a field on campus in Stockton, California. Pacific compiled an overall record of 7–0 with a confernece mark of 4–0. The Tigers dominated their opponents, outscoring them 171–12 for the season, and had five shutouts in the seven games.


1923 Pacific Tigers football team
At the end of the season, Pacific, as the champion of the CCC North Division was to meet the champion of the CCC South Division, Fresno State, for the conference championship. However, the two teams could not agree on a site and the game was never played.


1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election
Legislative Council elections were held in Mandatory Palestine in February and March 1923. However, due to an Arab boycott of the elections called by the fifth Palestine Arab Congress, the results of the election were annulled, and an Advisory Council was appointed instead.


1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election, Background
The Palestinian Legislative Council was established pursuant to Part III of the 1922 Palestine Order in Council, which was the constitution of the British Mandate. The Council was to consist of 23 members - 12 elected, 10 appointed and the High Commissioner. The ten appointed members were to be the Chief Secretary, the Attorney-General, the Treasurer, the Inspector-General of Police, the Director of Health, the Director of Public Works, the Director of Education, the Director of Agriculture, the Director of Customs and the Director of Commerce and Industry. Of the 12 elected members, eight were to be Muslim Arabs, two Christian Arabs and two Jews. Arabs protested against the distribution of the seats, arguing that as they constituted 88% of the population, having only 43% of the seats was unfair. The Muslim and Christian Arabs boycotted the elections.


1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election, Electoral system
Primary elections were held in February to elect secondary electors, who in turn were divided into electoral colleges for the purpose of electing Council members. All male citizens over the age of 25 had the right to vote. A total of 823 secondary electors were to be elected; 670 Muslims, 79 Jews, 59 Christians and 15 Druze.


1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election, Results
Whilst the election held between 20 and 28 February returned sufficient numbers of Druze and Jewish electors, only 82 electors were returned by Christian and Muslim Arabs. Voting was extended, but even after the additional period, only 126 Arab electors had been chosen.


1923 Palestinian Legislative Council election, Aftermath
After the elections results were annulled, a 12-member Advisory Council was established in May 1923. Its members were:


1923 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1923 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Guaraní.


1923 Paris–Roubaix
The 1923 Paris–Roubaix was the 24th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 1 April 1923 and stretched 270 km (168 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Heiri Suter from Switzerland.


1923 Paris–Tours
The 1923 Paris–Tours was the 18th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 13 May 1923. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Paul Deman.


1923 Penn Quakers football team
The 1923 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In their first season under head coach Lou Young, the Quakers compiled a 5–4 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 95 to 63. The team played its home games at Franklin Field in Philadelphia.


1923 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1923 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State College in the 1923 college football season. The team was coached by Hugo Bezdek and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1923 Persian legislative election
The Persian legislative election of 1923 was held in November 1923 after the appointment of Reza Pahlavi as Prime Minister by Ahmad Shah Qajar. It was the last election in the Qajar Dynasty. Parliament opened on 11 February 1924.


1923 Persian legislative election
During the elections, Reza Khan used the military to manipulate the elections in many tribal constituencies and gave allied Revival Party and Socialist Party majority. Only elections in Tehran was not manipulated.


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1923 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing sixth in the American League with a record of 69 wins and 83 losses.


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 Philadelphia Phillies season
The following lists the events of the 1923 Philadelphia Phillies season.


1923 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1923 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1923 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1923 Philadelphia mayoral election
The Philadelphia mayoral election of 1923 saw the election of W. Freeland Kendrick.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In its ninth and final season under head coach Pop Warner, the team compiled a 5–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 83 to 45. The team played its home games at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
The 1922 Pitt Panther football entourage returned from its victorious west coast trip and was feted at a gala banquet on January 10th with more than a thousand students and alumni in attendance. The lettermen received  their "P" and All-American center Charles Bowser was elected captain for the 1923 season. On May 17th the Athletic Committee passed an amendment to the eligibility rules, "whereby an absolute three-year rule was made effective for all men in athletics at the local school.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
This ruling puts the Panthers on the highest possible plane of eligibility, all other sportsmanlike standards of play already being a part of the sports code of the local university." This rule prohibited Bowser, All-American guard Jack Sack and tackle Cullen Gourley from participating on the 1923 football squad. The lettermen called a special meeting and elected end Lloyd Jordan to be captain for the 1923 season. Lloyd also participated in basketball, baseball and track for the Panthers.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
In December of 1922 the University of Pittsburgh Athletic Council "appointed a committee to confer with Dr. John B. 'Jock' Sutherland, with a view to securing him as head coach when Glenn Warner leaves in 1924." On January 18 the Athletic Council of the University of Pittsburgh approved the contract with Dr. John B. Sutherland to coach the varsity football team for three years (1924-1926).


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
The Athletic Council announced in February that they secured property adjoining Trees Field for a probable stadium. In August they announced that they would erect a modern stadium seating at least 60,000. “The engineering plans are complete... The ordinance vacating unused portions of three streets was introduced in city council ...with expectation that it will be passed promptly, and it is now stated that immediately on receipt of this assurance from the city fathers the contract for grading will be awarded and work commenced.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
It is planned to complete all grading this year, so that the field will be in readiness for the erection of the huge steel and concrete stands as soon  as the weather breaks next spring. ' The Pitt schedule for 1924 is being planned to be played in the new stadium.' declares Manager Davis.”


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Graduate Manager Karl E. Davis booked a nine game schedule for 1923 that Coach Warner described "the hardest any football team in the country had ever attempted." The 1923 schedule was similar to the 1922 slate except for Carnegie Tech and Grove City replacing Geneva and Cincinnati. The Syracuse game was scheduled to be played in the new Yankee Stadium in New York City on October 20th.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Pat Herron, after a one year stint as Indiana head coach, returned to Warner's staff as an assistant and Reginald French Boulton was appointed student manager for the 1923 season.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Coach Warner's last session at Camp Hamilton began on September 5 and ended on September 21 with 40 Panthers vying for a position on the 1923 roster. Only halfback William Flanagan and end Carl Sauer remained from the starting lineup in the 1922 Penn State game. Thus, the camp schedule was much harder than normal, "because Coach Warner had so many places to fill and it was necessary for him to ascertain right off the reel just what each of the candidates possessed in the way of ability."


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
He admitted that: "The boys have all shown the proper spirit, have been eager to learn, have gone about their work with a fine display of spirit, and have learned rapidly. A lot of them are still green and it will take some games to knock the rough spots off of them."


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
On September 3rd "after twelve years of faithful service to the University, Charles S. Miller, Director of Athletics has resigned. The news of his resignation came as a sad blow to the athletes and students of Pitt. Charles S. Miller was the sponsor of the 'one-year residence', 'the 'Degree' and the 'Three-year' rules, which have gone so far to give Pitt recognized standing throughout the country and have been adopted by the larger eastern schools."


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
The Pitt Panther eleven ventured to Lewisburg, PA, for the first time ever, to open the 1923 football season against Bucknell led by fifth year coach Pete Reynolds. The Panthers and Bucknell would not meet again on the gridiron until 1945, which would be the final game in the series.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
Coach Warner wrote in his column for The Pittsburgh Press: "This year I think Pitt will be very fortunate if she wins over half her games. There are nine games on the list, and I firmly believe we will be lucky if we do not lose more than four of them.... All that has been done is to build an entirely new line with the exception of one end and an entirely new backfield with the exception of one halfback. Pitt is up against a real team in Bucknell. The Panthers were fortunate to win this game last season by the margin of a touchdown.... Playing the game on Bucknell's field is to her advantage... If Pitt can get by this game without a licking, I will feel greatly relieved. Pitt's team is untried, inexperienced and green."


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
The Lewisburg Journal reported: "The Bucknell football team, after outplaying and holding to a scoreless tie the heavier, more experienced University of Pittsburgh team during the first half of Saturday's gridiron battle, succumbed during the two closing periods to the Pitt aerial attack and Gustafson's terrific line plunging, and finished on the short end of a 21 to 0 score."


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
Bucknell outfought the Panthers in the first half. Bucknell advanced the ball deep into Pitt territory to the 23-yard line and lost the ball on a fumble as the Pitt defense stiffened. A second time Bucknell drove the ball to the Pitt 13-yard line and lost the ball on downs. In the second quarter, Henning came in at quarterback and had his 35 yard field goal try blocked, but he recovered for Bucknell. Bucknell fumbled on the next play and Pitt recovered on their 25-yard line. Bucknell garnered 8 first downs to Pitt's 6, but the halftime score read 0-0.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
The second half belonged to Pitt. Pitt kicked off and Bucknell was forced to punt. Pitt gained possession on their 25-yard line. A pass from Karl Bohren to William Flanagan moved the ball to the 40-yard line. Two plays later a pass from Flanagan to Shuler advanced the ball 52-yards to the Bucknell 4-yard line. Andy Gustafson "brushed off right tackle for the first touchdown of the game." Milo Gwosden converted the goal after and Pitt led 7 to 0. Late in the third quarter Bucknell advanced the ball to the Pitt 27-yard line.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
The Panther defense held and gained possession on their 20-yard line. The Pitt offense moved the ball into Bucknell territory, the drive culminating with a pass from Karl Bohren to Nick Shuler for another Pitt touchdown. Flanagan kicked the goal and Pitt led 14 to 0. Coach Warner made numerous substitutions. Pitt kicked off and Bucknell tried to pass but John Harding intercepted and Pitt regained possession on the Bucknell 26-yard line. Pitt advanced the ball to the 6-yard line and on fourth down Gustafson bulled his way over the goal for the third Pitt score. Harding was good on the goal after and the final score read Pitt 21 – Bucknell 0.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Bucknell
The Pitt lineup for the game against Bucknell was Lloyd Jordan (left end), Ralph Chase (left tackle), Paul Templeton (left guard), William Ashbaugh (center), Harry Seidelson (right guard), Zoner Wissinger (right tackle), Carl Sauer (right end), Nick Shuler (quarterback), William Flanagan (left halfback), Karl Bohren (right halfback) and Nick Colonna (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Thomas Murdoch, Milo Gwosden, Andy Gustafson, Noble Frank, Marsh Johnson, William Haines, John Harding, James Brown and Ralph Evans. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lafayette
For the second year in a row the Panthers hosted the Lafayette Leopards for the home opener. Lafayette, led by soon to be Pitt coach “Jock” Sutherland, was on a two game win streak over the Panthers. The Leopards opened their season the previous week with a 20-0 win over Muhlenberg College. The Lafayette line boasted two All-America candidates – tackle Art Deibel and end Charlie Berry. "Sutherland expects to have every man in prime condition for the battle here, and it bids fair to prove one of the most interesting combats of the season in Pittsburgh." "'Jock' feels that he must instill confidence into the fans that will watch his handiwork next season, and he knows that the best way to do that is to make it three in a row."


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lafayette
Coach Warner wrote that the past two games against Lafayette were determined by fortunate breaks (Pitt fumbles) and this game may well go the same way. He felt that Lafayette was the more mature team and Pitt would be "mighty lucky" to win.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lafayette
Pitt kicked off. Lafayette halfback Millman fumbled and Pitt's Nick Shuler scooped it up and was tackled on the 6-yard line. On third down Andy Gustafson fumbled on the one and Lafayette recovered. Pitt scored a touchdown later in the first period on a "sensational forward pass from (William) Flanagan to (Karl) Bohren, who ran 38 yards" for the score. Milo Gwosden converted the goal after and Pitt led 7-0. Early in the second quarter Pitt advanced the ball to the Leopards 2-yard line but a holding penalty negated the play and Pitt had to settle for a field goal try. Gwosden's attempt was short from 29 yards. The half ended with Pitt in control 7 to 0.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lafayette
On the third play after the intermission Lafayette halfback Chicknoski intercepted Flanagan's pass and the Leopards had the ball on the Pitt 9-yard line. The Pitt defense held on downs and took possession on the 20-yard line. Gustafson fumbled and Leopard end O'Connell recovered on the Pitt 18-yard line. Their offense advanced the pigskin to the 2-yard line and again turned it over on downs. Pitt ball on the 20-yard line. Gustafson fumbled. The Pitt defense stiffened and Charlie Berry was wide on a 33-yard field goal attempt.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lafayette
The fourth quarter was a punting duel until Lafayette managed a late drive deep into Pitt territory. Lafayette gained possession on their 48-yard line. A 35-yard pass completion took the ball inside the Pitt 20-yard line. A fourth down pass completion moved the ball to the Pitt 6-yard line. First down - running play, loss of 1 yard. Second down – running play, loss of 2 yards. Third down – pass play gain of 1 yard. Fourth down – a pass from quarterback Ernst to All-America end Berry "fell out of his hands" incomplete. Pitt escapes 7 to 0. Lafayette finished the season with a 6-1-2 record.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lafayette
The Pitt lineup for the game against Lafayette was Lloyd Jordan (left end), Ralph Chase (left tackle), Paul Templeton (left guard), William Ashbaugh (center), Harry Seidelson (right guard), Zoner Wissinger (right tackle), Milo Gwosden (right end), Nick Shuler (quarterback), William Flanagan (left halfback), Karl Bohren (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Thomas Murdoch, Marsh Johnson, Nick Colonna and Noble Frank. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1923 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
On October 13th, undefeated Mountaineer second year coach Clarence Spears brought his squad to Pittsburgh for the nineteenth edition of the "Backyard Brawl". West Virginia sported a 12-0-1 record since Coach Spears arrived in Morgantown. The Mountaineer lineup contained three All-America honorees – ends Charles Tallman and Fred Graham, plus fullback Gus Eckberg. "The Mountaineers are primed for a battle royal. For the first time this season Coach Spears will have his full strength intact."