1909 Open Championship
Qualifying took place over 36 holes on Tuesday and Wednesday, 8–9 June. The 204 players were divided into two "sections" and those in the first played on the first morning and second afternoon, while those in the second section played on the first afternoon and second morning. The leading thirty players and ties from each section qualified, with the additional provision that each section had to contain at least thirty professionals. The second section finished their qualifying first with Tom Ball, Harold Hilton and Ted Ray leading on 150.


1909 Open Championship
Thirty players scored 159 or better, but this included three amateurs and so the five players on 160 also qualified. Charles Mayo led the first section on 146. Thirty  players scored 160 or better, but this included three amateurs, so the four on 161 qualified. Thus a total of 69 players qualified; 63 professionals and six amateurs.


1909 Open Championship
Charles Johns opened at 72 and led after the first round on Thursday morning, with J. Piper second on 73 and Taylor and Ball a stroke behind. Taylor had the best score in the afternoon and led after the first day on 147, a stroke ahead of Johns, with Ball back on 149 and Sandy Herd on 151; Piper faded badly with an 85 for 157.


1909 Open Championship
On Friday morning, Taylor scored 74, only bettered by a 73 by Braid. Taylor's lead over Ball was extended to four with Braid and Johns a further two behind. In the afternoon, Taylor had another steady round of 74 for 295. After eight holes, Ball was two better than Taylor at the same point but he eventually finished six shots behind Taylor on 301, tied with Braid with Johns a further stroke behind.


1909 Open Championship
Cinque Ports was scheduled to host again in 1915, but World War I intervened; it was the site of the first Open after the war, in 1920.


1909 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1909 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Sol Metzger, the Aggies compiled a 4–2–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 54 to 44. Against major opponents, the Aggies lost to Oregon (0–12) and Washington (0–18). The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon. Carl Wolf was the team captain.


1909 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1909 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the 1909 college football season. It was the Webfoots' sixteenth season, they competed as an independent and were led by head coach Robert Forbes in his second year. They finished the season with a record of three wins and two losses (3–2).


1909 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1909 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the sixth water polo championship in Hungary. There were two teams who played one match for the title.


1909 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1909 Ottawa Rough Riders season
The 1909 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 2nd place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 5–1 record and qualified for the playoffs for the second straight year. They defeated the Hamilton Tigers in a league playoff, avenging last year's loss, but lost to the Toronto Varsity Blues in the Eastern Final.


1909 Ottoman countercoup
The Ottoman countercoup of 1909 (13 April 1909) was an attempt to dismantle the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire and replace it with an autocracy under Sultan and Caliph Abdul Hamid II. Unfortunately for the advocates of the representative parliamentary government, mutinous demonstrations by disenfranchised regimental officers broke out, which led to the collapse of the Ottoman government. Characterized as a countercoup, chaos reigned briefly and several people were killed in the confusion.


1909 Ottoman countercoup
It was instigated by factions within the Ottoman Army, in a large part by a Cypriot Islamist (a type of Islamist) Dervish Vahdeti, who reigned supreme in Constantinople (today known in English as Istanbul) for 11 days. The countercoup was successfully put down by Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) sympathizers within the Ottoman Army via Mahmud Shevket Pasha's Action Army in the 31 March Incident.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Name
The coup was an attempt to undermine the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, which was a coup, so it became known as the countercoup of 1909.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Name
The suppression of the counterrevolution is known in Turkish as the 31 March incident, due to date originating from the old Rumi calendar.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Prelude
The Young Turk Revolution, instigated by members of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in the Balkan provinces, spread quickly throughout the empire and resulted in the Sultan Abdulhamid II announcing the restoration of the Ottoman constitution of 1876 on 3 July 1908. The 1908 Ottoman general election took place during November and December 1908. The Senate of the Ottoman Empire reconvened for the first time in over 30 years on 17 December 1908 with the surviving members from the first constitutional area. The Chamber of Deputies' first session was on 30 January 1909.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Prelude
For the first 10 months in power the CUP cautiously undertook to establish its control and remove the sultan as a threat. In the ensuring constitutional struggle and power shift by early August 1908 the CUP managed to get the grand vizier to appoint ministers for the navy and army instead of Abdul Hamid II. Palace staff to the sultan was reduced and replaced with loyal CUP members who monitored the official correspondence of Abdul Hamid II.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Prelude
During October, several Imperial Guard units were sent to the Hijaz and Yemen resulting in a small mutiny which was put down by the government that purged some officers while replacing them with mektepli officers. By March 1909 two loyal Imperial Guard battalions consisting of Albanian units were sent to Monastir (modern Bitola). With the CUP gradually removing the sultan's power, these events resulted in him becoming a figurehead.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Prelude
The Sultan maintained his symbolic position and in March 1909 attempted to seize power once more by stirring up populist sentiment throughout the Empire. The Sultan's bid for a return to power gained traction when he promised to restore the caliphate, eliminate secular policies, and restore the sharia-based legal system. The 1908 parliament lacked coherence, most of all on the nature and unity of the organization of the Empire. While the Young Turk Revolution had promised organizational improvement, once instituted, the government at first proved itself rather disorganized and ineffectual.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
Opposition grew toward the CUP as groups and individuals competed for power in the provinces and the capital. One week prior to the event, the CUP brought new battalions of soldiers from Macedonia to the Taşkısla barracks to replace Albanian and Arab troops that were perceived by the Young Turks as unreliable. On 12 April the CUP declared that they no longer were a secret association and instead had become a political party.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
During the night an uprising by armed and reactionary forces broke out that transformed into a mutiny by soldiers from the Macedonian battalions, most of whom were Albanians stationed in Constantinople (today, Istanbul). The mutineering troops took their officers prisoner and one of the ringleaders was an Albanian non-commissioned officer named Hamdi Çavush. A religious fundamentalist organisation Mohammedan Union were also involved in the mutiny. On 13 April 1909 Army units revolted and were joined by masses of theological students (softas), turbaned clerics shouting, "The Sheriat is in danger, we want the Sheriat" along with other elements of the population and troops in Constantinople.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
From day one the leadership of the Liberals (Ahrar) attempted unsuccessfully to get control over events and stop the rebellion from turning toward a reactionary pro-Hamidian and anti-constitutional course. Within the ranks of the Muslim clergy, those holding high positions among the ulema were against imams (hocas) that gave support to the uprising. High ranking ulema did not give support to the rebellion as they were united within the Society of the Islamic Scholarly Profession (Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i İslamiye) and publicly denounced the revolt from 16 April onward.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
Throughout a twenty four-hour period the rebels took over Constantinople without much resistance from the army, government or CUP. The crowd went to Hagia Sophia square making demands for the implementation of Sharia Law and moves toward restoring the Sultan's absolute power. The government was in a state of chaos and did not send its loyal troops to deal with the revolt. To deal with the situation the Chief of Police was sent instead to hear the requests of the crowds.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
Six demands were prepared by the spokesmen of the mutineering soldiers: the return of Sharia law, banishment of some CUP parliamentarians from Constantinople, replacement of Ahmed Rıza the CUP President of the Chamber of Deputies, replacement of some CUP officers, the removal of the Grand Vizier along with the Ministers of War and Navy. Grand vizier Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha was unable to appease the protestors and on 14 April during the afternoon he resigned his post at the palace with the sultan accepting his decision.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
The sultan replaced him with Tevfik Pasha (Okday) as Grand Vizier as he was more in tune with the Hamidian regime. Marshal Ethem Pasha, the War Minister of the new cabinet went to see the troops at Meydanı, gave them praise and told them that their requests would be fulfilled. The victory was celebrated by the soldiers and religious students. During the revolt, the CUP was targeted in a pogrom with protestors killing 20 people, mainly army officers, and two parliamentarians mistaken for Ahmet Rıza and Hüseyn Cahit (Yalçin), the editor of the CUP newspaper Tanin. Protestors also burned a few CUP offices such as those belonging to Tanin.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
CUP members either hid or fled Constantinople. As such the Chamber of Deputies with a CUP majority lacked the numbers for a parliamentary session. Ismail Qemali, a Liberal deputy managed to get some parliamentarians to attend, they accepted the requests of the troops and made an official announcement that the constitution and Sharia law would be kept. Uninvolved in the events of the initial countercoup, Qemali was briefly made President of the Ottoman National Assembly and led it to recognise a new government by Abdul Hamid II.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
Qemali wired his constituency in Vlorë telling them to acknowledge the new government and Albanians from his hometown backed him with some raiding the arms depot to support the sultan with weapons if the situation called for it. At the same time Albanian clubs telegraphed support for quelling the uprising while Prenk Bib Doda, leader of the Mirdita offered assistance from his tribe, and these sentiments where more due to fears that the Hamidian regime could return than loyalty toward the CUP. During the countercoup, Isa Boletini along with several Kosovo Albanian chieftains offered the sultan military assistance.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
The Sultan in turn promised to bring about the rule of religion, were he to be returned to power. The leader Dervish Vahdeti reigned supreme in Constantinople for 11 days.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
One of the causes of the countercoup were that several different groups were disenchanted with the changes that had come about. These included those who enjoyed patronage jobs under Abdul Hamid and had been discharged, army officers who had risen from the ranks and were no longer being favored over officers who had been to military school, and the religious scholars (ulema) who felt threatened by the more secular atmosphere and new constitution that gave equal rights to all citizens irrespective of religion.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Counterrevolution
Delegation to Abdul Hamid II informing him of his dethronement. Esad Pasha Toptani is the figure in centre


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Action Army
The CUP retained its position among the provinces, especially in Macedonia and it began to perform immediate countermeasures. Public demonstrations were organised at towns in the provinces while numerous telegrams were sent to the palace and parliament. The propaganda battle was won by the CUP in Macedonia as people became convinced that the constitution was in peril. Beginning from 15 April the CUP organised a military operation to go after the rebels. The CUP appealed to Mahmud Shevket Pasha, commander of the Ottoman Third Army based in Salonika to quell the uprising.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Action Army
With support from the commander of the Ottoman Second Army in Adrianople (now known as Edirne), Mahmud Shevket combined the armies to create a strike force named Hareket Ordusu ("Army of Action"). The force numbered 20,000-25,000 troops and suppressed the rebellion in the 31 March Incident. The eleventh Reserve (Redif) Division based in Selanik composed the advance guard of the Action Army and the chief of staff was Mustafa Kemal.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Action Army
The Action Army was joined by 15,000 volunteers, including 4,000 Bulgarians, 2,000 Greeks and 700 Jews. Adding to those numbers were Albanians that supported the Action Army with Çerçiz Topulli and Bajram Curri bringing 8,000 men and Major Ahmed Niyazi Bey with 1,800 men from Resne. In short time CUP members Fethi Okyar, Hafız Hakkı and Enver Bey returned from their international posts at Ottoman embassies and joined Mahmud Şevket as his military staff prior to reaching Constantinople.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Action Army
Traveling by train the soldiers went to Çatalca, then Hademköy and later reached San Stefano or Ayastefanos (modern Yeşilköy) located on the edge of Constantinople. A delegation was sent to Army headquarters by the Ottoman parliament that sought to stop it from taking Constantinople through force. The response was negative and the delegation then went to Ayastefanos and made a call for colleagues to unite with them. Both parliamentary chambers convened as a National Assembly (meclis-i umumi-i milli) at the Yachting Club building of Ayastefanos on 23 April and thereafter. Qemali had left the city prior to the Action Army arriving at Constantinople and he fled to Greece.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Action Army
On 24 April the occupation of Constantinople by the Action Army began in the early morning through military operations directed by Ali Pasha Kolonja, an Albanian, that retook the city with little resistance from the mutineers. The barracks of Tașkışla and Taksim offered strong resistance and by four o'clock of the afternoon the remaining rebels surrendered. Under martial law and following the defeat of the rebellion two courts martial sentenced and executed the majority of the rebels which included Dervish Vahdeti. Albanians involved in the counterrevolutionary movement were executed such as Halil Bey from Krajë which caused indignation among conservative Muslims of Shkodër. Some Liberal (Ahrar) political leaders were arrested and British pressure resulted in their freedom. A government investigation later cleared Qemali of any wrongdoing.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Allegations of Foreign Support
Some writers have accused the British, led by Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice (1865–1939), Chief Dragoman of the British Embassy, of being the hidden hand behind this reactionary religious uprising. The British government had already supported actions against constitutionalists in an attempt to mute the effect of increasing German sympathizers in the Ottoman Empire since the 1880s. Also, according to these sources, this countercoup was directed specifically against the CUP's Salonica (Thessaloniki) branch, which had outmatched the British-sympathizing Monastir (Bitola) Branch.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Aftermath
The consequences was the restoration of the constitution (for the third time; 1876, 1908 and 1909). Both parliamentary chambers convened together on 27 April and deposed Abdul Hamid II through a fatwa and vote. He was replaced with his younger brother Reşat who took the name Mehmed V, to symbolically convey him as the second conquer of Constantinople after Mehmed II. Four CUP members composed of one Armenian, one Jew and two Muslim Albanians went to inform the sultan of his dethronement, with Essad Pasha Toptani being the main messenger saying "the nation has deposed you".


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Aftermath
Some Muslims expressed dismay that non-Muslims had informed the sultan of his deposition. As a result, the focus of the sultan's rage was toward Toptani whom Abdul Hamid II felt had betrayed him. The sultan referred to him as a "wicked man", given that the extended Toptani family had benefited from royal patronage in gaining privileges and key positions in the Ottoman government.


1909 Ottoman countercoup, Events, Aftermath
The uprising done in the name of Islam had managed to destabilize the Young Turk regime in a short period of time and it came as a shock to the CUP. The legacy of the counterrevolution following the establishment of the secular Turkish Republic continued as a memory and trauma among Kemalists, due to most of them having been CUP members in the Ottoman era. In Turkey, for people supporting secularism the counterrevolution became a reminder of the threat of Muslim fundamentalism. When the secular system of government appears to be in danger, references toward the 31 March incident are often made.


1909 Paraguayan Primera División season
The following article presents a summary of the 1909 football (soccer) season in Paraguay.


1909 Paraguayan Primera División season, Liga Paraguaya results
The championship was played for the "Copa El Diario", a trophy issued by the newspaper of the same name. Six teams participated in the tournament which was played in a two-round all-play-all system, being the team with the most points at the end of the two rounds the champion. Club Nacional won its first championship after defeating Libertad in a playoff game.


1909 Paris–Roubaix
The 1909 Paris–Roubaix was the 14th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 11 April 1909 and stretched 276 km (171 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Octave Lapize from France.


1909 Paris–Tours
The 1909 Paris–Tours was the sixth edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 26 September 1909. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by François Faber.


1909 Penn Quakers football team
The 1909 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1909 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 7–1–2 record in their first year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Andy Smith. Their only loss was to Michigan by a 12 to 6 score, a game that snapped Penn's 23-game winning streak and marked the first time a Western team had defeated one of the "Big Four" (Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Penn).


1909 Penn Quakers football team
Other significant games included a 12 to 0 victory over West Virginia, a 3-3 tie with Penn State, a 29 to 6 victory over Carlisle, and a 17 to 6 victory over Cornell. They outscored their opponents by a combined total of 146 to 38. End Harry Braddock was the only Penn player to receive All-America honors in 1909, receiving second-team honors from Walter Camp.


1909 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1909 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1909 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Hollenback and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1909 Persian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held for the second time in Persia in 1909. The new Parliament convened on 19 November. The majority of the parliament was held by a some 53-seats coalition pioneered by Moderate Socialists Party.


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1909 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing second in the American League with a record of 95 wins and 58 losses. The A's also moved into the majors' first concrete-and-steel ballpark, Shibe Park.


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
In 1909, the A's were wearing an elephant logo on their sweaters.


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Philadelphia Phillies season
The following lists the events of the 1909 Philadelphia Phillies season.


1909 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Philippine Assembly elections
The Philippine Assembly elections were held in the Philippines on November 2, 1909.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1909 college football season.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Season recap
The 1908 football season was the end of the coach John Moorehead era at Pitt. The General Athletic Committee was charged with finding a suitable replacement. The two leading candidates were Frank Piekarski and Joseph H. Thompson. Mr. Piekarski was an All-American guard at the University of Pennsylvania from 1901 to 1904. He was head football coach at Washington & Jefferson University from 1905 to 1907 and led the Red and Black to a 25–7 record. Joe Thompson started his college football career at Geneva in 1900 and finished up with the 1905 Western University of Pennsylvania team. He wanted to be coach in 1905 and 1906 but did not get hired. While attending law school he coached football at Pittsburgh High School for the 1906 season and at Carnegie Tech for the 1907 season.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Season recap
Some members of the Pitt student body remembered the uncomfortable situation between Coach Mosse and Mr. Thompson and demanded that their representative on the committee vote against Thompson. On February 17, after two meetings, heated discussions and numerous votes, Joseph H. Thompson was elected track and football coach for the 1909 season. Floyd Rose, former WUP quarterback, was hired as assistant coach.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Season recap
Homer Roe was elected captain by his teammates. The graduate manager of athletics, Alexander Silverman, was advanced to full professorship and replaced by Laurence Hurst. Since the campus was moved to Oakland, a sixteen-room training house was secured at 3456 Bouquet Street.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Season recap
The home football games were played at Forbes Field which opened on June 30, 1909.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Season recap
The major rule changes for the 1909 season were that field goals would be worth three points, if two penalties occurred on the same play the offended team could choose which one to impose and touchbacks were brought out to the twenty-five yard line.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Season recap
In the fall of 1909 students and alumni met to discuss school spirit and George M.P. Baird (class of 1909) was given credit for suggesting the Panther (felis concolor) as the University animal. Coach Thompson quieted his critics as he took four returning starters and eight holdovers from the 1908 team along with the new recruits and led the Pitt squad to a 6–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 94–26.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio Northern
On October 2, the Joe Thompson era started at Exposition Park in front of two thousand onlookers against the Ohio Northern University Polar Bears from Ada, Ohio. The inexperience of the Pitt squad was evident at first, but halfway through the first half the offense, behind the running of "Tex" Richards and Homer Roe, was able to sustain a drive and score a touchdown. "Tex" Richards carried the pigskin the final ten yards for the first score. Frank Van Doren missed the goal after. Six minutes later Richards and Harry Ent advanced the ball to the visitors five and Ent plunged into the end zone for the second touchdown of the half. Van Doren was successful on the goal after and Pitt led 11–0 at the break.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio Northern
Coach Thompson made wholesale substitutions for the second half. Will Robinson replaced Norman Budd at quarterback for the second half. He broke away for a fifty-yard scoring jaunt but the referee called offside. The Pitt second string offense did manage one long drive that culminated in a five-yard dash into the end zone by Dave Richards. Van Doren missed the point after. The final score read 16–0. Ohio Northern finished the season with a 1–4 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio Northern
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Ohio Northern was Homer Roe (left end), Frank Van Doren (left tackle), Henry Blair (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), George Bailey (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Clarence Hapgood (right end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio Northern
Substitutions made during the game were: Raymond Butler replaced Homer Roe at left end; Walter Henchman replaced Henry Blair at left guard; W. Leahy replaced Ralph Galvin at center; Red Frankel replaced George Bailey at right guard; Robert Peacock replaced Clarence Hapgood at right end; Will Robinson replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; William Hardie replaced Harry Ent at right halfback; and Dave Richards replaced Tex Richards at fullback. The game consisted of one twenty-five minute half and one twenty minute half.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Marietta
The kick-off time for the Marietta College Pioneers game was changed from 3 p.m. to 10 a.m. because the Pirates were playing in the World Series. Pitt hoped some baseball fans would visit Exposition Park for football prior to going to Forbes Field for baseball. The Marietta team was the same veteran club that gave Pitt a scare the previous two years. Pitt's starting ends (Homer Roe and Jack Lindsay) were both out with injuries.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Marietta
The Marietta offense spent most of the first half in Pitt territory but could not score. Late in the half Pitt substitute end Norman Budd picked up a Marietta fumble and raced sixty-five yards for the touchdown. Center Ralph Galvin kicked the point after. Pitt led 6–0 at the break.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Marietta
In the early moments of the second half Pitt quarterback Bill Robinson returned a punt forty-five yards for a touchdown. Galvin was successful on the point after and Pitt led 12–0. The Pitt offense was rejuvenated and spent the rest of the game on Marietta's side of the field, but could not again penetrate the Marietta goal line. The unfortunate part of the game was the unsportsmanlike conduct of Marietta halfback Nutter. Prior to Marietta, he played at VPI and West Virginia.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Marietta
The lineup presented by Marietta listed him as Miller but a few minutes into the game the Pitt eleven recognized who he was. Field Judge Sam Caruthers made a decision that was reversed by the umpire. An infuriated Mr. Nutter punched Mr. Caruthers. Surprisingly, he was not disqualified or penalized. Minutes later he punched Pitt tackle Frank Van Doren, which caused the crowd to voice their displeasure with the proceedings. The police finally escorted Mr. Nutter from the premises. Marietta finished the season with a 4–3 record. The Pitt Athletic Committee decided that Marietta College would no longer be on the schedule.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Marietta
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Marietta was Norman Budd (left end), Frank Van Doren (left tackle), Henry Blair (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), George Bailey (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Clarence Hapgood (right end), Bill Robinson (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), Art Robinson (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback). At some point during the game Red Frankel replaced George Bailey at right guard and Harry Ent replaced Art Robinson at right halfback. The game consisted of one twenty-five minute half and one twenty minute half.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bucknell
On October 16 Pitt played their first game at Forbes Field against the Bucknell Bisons from Lewisburg, Pa. The final game of the World Series between the Pirates and Tigers was played in Detroit at the same time. The baseball game updates were bulletined to the crowd every inning.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bucknell
Pitt played great football from the start. They moved the ball into Bucknell territory and punted to Bucknell on their twenty. On second down Bucknell halfback Clark fumbled and Pitt back Harry Ent scooped up the pigskin and scampered for the first score of the game. Ralph Galvin was successful on the point after. Pitt led 6–0. On the Bisons next possession the Pitt defense stiffened and forced a punt. Quarterback O'Brien of Bucknell punted over the goal and into the bleachers. Pitt thought the ball was dead and ignored it.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bucknell
Bucknell end Campuzanno vaulted a fence and recovered the ball. Knox, the referee, called touchdown Bucknell. O'Brien made the point after and the score was tied. Pitt argued to no avail and after the game Mr. Knox admitted he made an error. On Pitt's next possession Bucknell's defense forced a punt and their quarterback O'Brien fumbled. Pitt halfback Charles Quailey recovered on the Bison twenty yard line. On first down fullback “Tex” Richards raced the twenty yards into the end zone for a touchdown. The play was called back for hurdling. In spite of the penalty, “Tex” Richards scored again a few plays later. Ralph Galvin kicked the point after and Pitt led at halftime 12–6.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bucknell
The second half was played in Bucknell territory. Pitt scored early in the half on a plunge by Richards with Galvin adding the point after. Coach Thompson made wholesale substitutions. Pitt came close to scoring again twice but lost the ball on downs and a fumble. The final score was 18–6. Bucknell finished the season with a 2–4–1 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bucknell
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Bucknell was Homer Roe (left end), Henry Blair (left tackle), George Gehlert (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Red Frankel (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Jack Lindsay (right end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bucknell
Substitutions made during the game were: Frank Van Doren replaced Henry Blair at left tackle; Henry Blair replaced George Gehlert at left guard; Robert Peacock replaced Red Frankel at right guard; George Bailey replaced James Stevenson at right tackle; Clarence Hapgood replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Levy replaced Charles Quailey at left halfback; Feightner replaced Harry Ent at right halfback; Raymond Butler replaced Homer Roe at left end; and Porter replaced Clarence Hapgood at right end. The game was played in 25-minute halves.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
In 1908 the Carlisle Indian football team was welcomed to Exposition Park that was covered with three inches of snow. On October 23, 1909, the Carlisle Indian football team was welcomed to Forbes Field that was covered in more than six inches of mud. Four thousand brave fans sat through the steady downpour to cheer on their team.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
Early in the game Pitt moved the ball into Carlisle territory. After an exchange of punts and a fumble recovery, Pitt had the ball on Carlisle's fifteen yard line. Six plays later they turned the ball over on downs at the six. Carlisle punted out of danger. Pitt tried an onside kick that was recovered by Carlisle on the one yard line. Carlisle punted out to the twenty-seven yard line. Ralph Galvin missed a field goal. Carlisle got possession on the twenty-five and could not penetrate the Pitt defense.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
The Indians punted to Homer Roe and he raced fifty-eight yards for the touchdown. Galvin made the point after and Pitt led 6–0. The Carlisle offense then got to work in Pitt territory. On three successive possessions the Indians tried field goals. Houser missed the first from thirty yards out. Libby missed from twenty-five as the ball hit the upright. Finally, Houser sent the ball through the uprights from the fifteen and the score at halftime was 6–3.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
Early in the second half Galvin was successful on a thirty-three yard field goal to increase the lead to 9–3. Pitt managed to get into scoring territory but turned the ball over on downs at the one foot line. A punting duel ensued and Pitt finally possessed the ball on Carlisle's nine yard line. Tex Richards bulled his way through the muck into the end zone for the final score of the game. The final score was 14–3. Carlisle finished the season with an 8–3–1 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Carlisle was Homer Roe (left end), Frank Van Doren (left tackle), Henry Blair (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Red Frankel (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Jack Lindsay (right end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
Substitutions made during the game were: Ray Butler replaced Homer Roe at left end; George Gehlert replaced Henry Blair at left guard; George Bailey replaced Red Frankel at right guard; Robert Peacock replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Art Robinson replaced Charles Quailey at left halfback; and Ross Feightner replaced Tex Richards at fullback. The game was played in 35-minute halves.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
On October 30, in beautiful fall weather, six thousand fans welcomed the Notre Dame football team to Pittsburgh for the first game in what would become a major rivalry.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Notre Dame scored on a forward pass from Hamilton to Matthews four minutes into the first half. Mathews kicked the point after and Notre Dame led 6–0. Pitt was able to move the ball against the heavier Irish but fumbles, penalties and the Irish defense stymied their efforts to get into the end zone. At the end of the half Pitt drove the ball to the one yard line of Notre Dame only to lose the ball on downs.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Most of the second half saw the Pitt defense preventing the Irish offense from adding to the score. Coach Thompson substituted fresh bodies into the lineup, but the Irish defense was too strong and rendered the Pitt offense ineffective. The Irish missed two field goals. Vaughan tried from thirty-eight yards and  Ryan tried from seventeen yards. Notre Dame halfback Dwyer thought he caught a touchdown pass but referee Butler ruled otherwise. Mr. Dwyer punched Mr. Butler and was immediately disqualified. Pitt tackle Frank Van Doren injured his ribcage late in the game. Pitt had the ball on the Notre Dame twenty-eight yard line as time expired. Notre Dame won the game 6–0 and they would finish the season with a 7–0–1 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Notre Dame was Homer Roe (left end), Frank Van Doren (left tackle), Henry Blair (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Red Frankel (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Jack Lindsay (right end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Substitutions made during the game were: Will Robinson replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; Norman Budd replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Robert Peacock replaced Frank Van Doren at left tackle; Ray Butler replaced Norman Budd at right end; Art Robinson replaced Harry Ent at right halfback; W. Leahy replaced Henry Blair at left guard; George Bailey replaced Red Frankel at right guard; and Ross Feightner replaced Charles Quailey at left halfback. The game was played in 30-minute halves.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
On November 6 the Pitt football team and some one hundred students and alumni took the B. & O. Railroad to Morgantown, West Virginia for the 1909 edition of the Backyard Brawl. After losing five of the first six games of this series, Pitt was now on a four-game win streak. Pitt was missing two starters from its lineup, Frank Van Doren and Captain Homer Roe due to injuries. Tillie Dewar, a graduate transfer from Washington & Jefferson, became eligible and replaced Roe at end. Robert Peacock replaced Van Doren at tackle. A morning rain rendered the field muddy, but the sun appeared at game time and three thousand fans came through the turnstile.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
On Pitt's first possession they carried the ball methodically down the field to West Virginia's five yard line. On first and goal quarterback Budd fumbled the hand-off and West Virginia fullback Springer (former Pitt fullback) recovered. The remainder of the first half was played in Mountaineer territory but Pitt was unable to capitalize. Ralph Galvin missed three field goal tries.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The second half was more of the same as the Pitt offense advanced the ball to the Mountaineer's thirteen yard line and turned it over on downs. The Pitt defense played good football, but the offense was stymied by fumbles, penalties and the slick footing. The Mountaineers won a moral victory with the 0–0 tie. West Virginia finished the season with a 4–3–2 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against West Virginia was Tillie Dewar (left end), Robert Peacock (left tackle), W. Leahy (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Red Frankel (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Jack Lindsay (right end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Art Robinson (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
Substitutions made during the game were: Will Robinson replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; Charles Quailey replaced Art Robinson at left halfback; Henry Blair replaced Robert Peacock at left tackle; George Bailey replaced Red Frankel at right guard; Clarence Hapgood replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Ross Feightner replaced Harry Ent at right halfback; George Gehlert replaced W. Leahy at left guard; and Ray Butler replaced Tillie Dewar at left end. The game consisted of one thirty minute half and one twenty minute half.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
On November 13 the undefeated Washington & Jefferson Red and Black arrived at Forbes Field to attempt to extend their three-game winning streak over the Pitt eleven. Pitt's record against the Red and Black was 1–8. Over 12,000 fans packed the bleachers to cheer on their team. Both teams had bands which marched with students and fans through town into the stadium prior to kick off. The Pitt team was at full strength for this encounter.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Pitt's Ralph Galvin kicked off to W & J halfback Bill Marshall and he returned the ball to the Red and Black 20-yard line. On the first scrimmage play W & J quarterback Forsythe fumbled the hand off to Marshall and Frank Van Doren recovered for Pitt on the sixteen yard line. Two quarterback runs advanced the ball to the five and finally fullback "Tex" Richards bulled his way into the end zone for the first Pitt touchdown. Ralph Galvin kicked the point after and Pitt led 6–0 after two minutes of play.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Later in the half, Pitt had the ball on the Red and Black 31-yard line. On first down quarterback Bill Robinson completed a forward pass to Homer Roe for a gain of twenty-seven yards to the four. On second and goal Richards again plunged into the end zone for the score. Galvin was successful on the point after and Pitt led 12–0 at the break.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Early in  the second half W & J Captain Freitag kicked a thirty-four yard field goal to put the Red and Black on the scoreboard. The Pitt defense did not allow another score and held the Red and Black to one first down the entire game. A flubbed punt allowed Pitt to gain possession on the Red and Black 14-yard line. Quarterback Will Robinson gained five yards and an off sides penalty advanced the ball to the four. On second down halfback Art Robinson followed tackle Van Doren into the end zone. Galvin missed the point after and Pitt held on to win 17–3. Washington & Jefferson finished the season with a 8–1–1 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Wash. & Jeff. was Homer Roe (left end), Frank Van Doren (left tackle), William Leahy (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Red Frankel (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Jack Lindsay (right end), William Robinson (quarterback), Art Robinson (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Substitutions made during the game were: Tillie Dewar replaced Homer Roe at left end; George Bailey replaced Red Frankel at right guard; Robert Peacock replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Charles Quailey replaced Art Robinson at left halfback; and Ross Feightner replaced Harry Ent at right halfback. The game was played in 35-minute halves.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Mount Union
The Mount Union College football team from Alliance, Ohio was the warm-up opponent before the Thanksgiving Day battle with Pennsylvania State College. Coach Thompson started the scrub team and according to The Pittsburgh Sunday Post, "Both teams put up a poor exhibition of football".


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Mount Union
In the first half, Pitt quarterback Norman Budd fumbled a punt and Mount Union recovered on the Pitt twenty yard line. The Pitt defense held, but Mount Union guard McGregor booted a thirty-yard field goal for a 3–0 lead for the visitors. Later in the half, Pitt fullback Ross Feightner recovered a fumble on the Mount Union twenty yard line. On first down halfback Charles Quailey gained five yards and fumbled the ball back to the guests. Coach Thompson was not happy at halftime.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Mount Union
Pitt received the second half kick off. Halfback Quailey carried three straight plays and gained fifty yards to Mount Union's twenty yard line. From there, he and fullback Feightner advanced the ball to the five. On first down Feightner bulled his way into the end zone for Pitt's first score. Budd missed the point after and Pitt led 5–3. On the next kickoff Quailey fielded the ball on the six and raced one hundred and four yards for a touchdown. The point after was successful and Pitt led 11–3. Coach Thompson sent the first team into the game for the closing minutes and "Tex" Richards scored a touchdown to make the final 17–3. Mount Union finished the season with an 8–2 record.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Mount Union
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Mount Union was Clarence Hapgood (left end), Robert Peacock (left tackle), Henry Blair (left guard), Marion Sayre (center), George Bailey (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Tillie Dewar (right end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), Porter (right halfback), and Ross Feightner (fullback).


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Mount Union
Substitutions made during the game were: Will Robinson replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; Frank Van Doren replaced Robert Peacock at left tackle; Art Robinson replaced Charles Quailey at left halfback; W. Leahy replaced Marion Sayre at center; Ralph Galvin replaced W. Leahy at center; Tex Richards replaced Ross Feightner at fullback; Homer Roe replaced Clarence Hapgood at left end; Red Frankel replaced George Bailey at right guard; and Harry Ent replaced Porter at right halfback. The game consisted of one twenty-five minute half and one twenty minute half.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Fifteen thousand fanatics witnessed the annual Thanksgiving Day football game between the Pennsylvania State College Nittany Lions and University of Pittsburgh. Penn State was unbeaten with four victories and two ties. The winner of this game would be the football champion of Pennsylvania. Both teams were at full strength and the weather was perfect.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Penn State dominated the first half. They totaled eleven first downs and gained 181 yards of offense. Pitt had no first downs and only 22 yards of offense. The Pitt defense struggled to keep the game close. Penn State quarterback Vorhis missed a 19-yard field goal. The Nittanies then lost the ball on downs at the Pitt 15-yard line. On State's next possession they lost the ball on downs on Pitt's 3-yard line. Pitt punted out of trouble, but Penn State advanced the ball to the 7-yard line. State halfback Bull McCleary carried the pigskin into the end zone for the only score of the game. Vorhis missed the point after.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
In the second half, the Pitt offense outgained State 60 yards to 54. Pitt had two first downs and State had none. Pitt could not sustain a drive and lost the game 5–0. Penn State finished the season 5-0-2 and won the second leg toward permanent possession of the Spalding Trophy.


1909 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Penn State was Homer Roe (left end), Frank Van Doren (left tackle), W. Leahy (left guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Red Frankel (right guard), James Stevenson (right tackle), Jack Lindsay (right end), Will Robinson (quarterback), Art Robinson (left halfback), Harry Ent (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback). Substitutions made during the game were: Robert Peacock replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Ross Feightner replaced Harry Ent at right halfback; Henry Blair replaced right guard Red Frankel; Charles Quailey replaced Art Robinson at left halfback; and Tillie Dewar replaced Homer Roe at left end. The game was played in 35-minute halves.


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 28th season for the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise, during which they won the National League pennant with a record of 110–42 and their first World Series over the Detroit Tigers. Led by shortstop Honus Wagner and outfielder-manager Fred Clarke, the Pirates scored the most runs in the majors. Wagner led the league in batting average, on-base percentage, slugging percentage, and runs batted in. Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss opened the Pirates' new ballpark, named Forbes Field, on June 30, 1909.


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The Pirates' 110 wins remain a team record, a record they set in the last game of the season by beating the Cincinnati Reds 7–4 in muddy conditions on October 5. It is in fact the best regular season win percentage by any World Series winning team.


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1909 World Series
In the World Series, Pittsburgh faced the American League champion Detroit Tigers, led by triple crown winner Ty Cobb. The matchup was largely billed as one between the major leagues' two superstars. Wagner thoroughly outplayed Cobb, and rookie Babe Adams won all three of his starts, as the Pirates won in seven games.


1909 Pittsburgh mayoral election
The 1909 Pittsburgh mayoral election was held on Tuesday, February 16, 1909. Republican nominee William A. Magee was elected mayor of Pittsburgh over Civic Party and Prohibition candidate W.H. Stevenson and Democratic candidate George R. Herst.


1909 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Campaign
Former city councilman and state senator William A. Magee, an unsuccessful candidate in the 1906 Republican mayoral primary, decided to run again for mayor in 1909. His campaign emphasized potential civic improvement projects including the removal of a hill ("the hump") in the area around Grant Street, the widening of certain streets, and improvement of riverfronts. Although opposed by some of the Republican leadership, Magee won the Republican primary over city treasurer John F. Steel by a vote of 41,917 to 22,210.


1909 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Campaign
The strongest opposition to the Republicans came from the Civic Party, an organization of anti-corruption reformers. Its nominee was city councilman William H. Stevenson, whose candidacy was also supported by the Prohibition Party.


1909 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Campaign
Dr. George R. Herst won the Democratic primary with no close competitors.


1909 Pittsburgh mayoral election, General election results
*Stevenson received 13,151 votes on the Civic Party ticket, 3,823 on the Prohibition ticket, and 34 other votes.


1909 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1909 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1909 college football season. The team finished with a 6–2–1 record under first-year head coach Jim McCormick. No Princeton players were selected as first-team honorees on the 1909 College Football All-America Team.


1909 Provence earthquake
The 1909 Provence earthquake occurred on June 11 in Provence. Measuring 6.2 on the surface wave magnitude scale, it is the largest ever recorded earthquake in metropolitan France.


1909 Provence earthquake
A total of 46 people died, another 250 were injured, and approximately 2,000 buildings were damaged.


1909 Provence earthquake
The most damaged communes were Salon-de-Provence, Vernègues, Lambesc, Saint-Cannat and Rognes.


1909 Provence earthquake
Fourteen people died in Rognes, which was half destroyed, especially the houses on the flanks of the hill Le Foussa. People were relocated under tents on another hill (Le Devin) and near the primary school. The main shock occurred at 9:15pm. If the earthquake had happened an hour later, more people would have been in bed, and more casualties would have been recorded.


1909 Provence earthquake
The Vernègues castle and most of the houses in Vernègues were destroyed. Two people died in the village, which was later rebuilt at a lower altitude.


1909 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1909 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1909 college football season. In their second season under head coach Frederick A. Speik, the Boilermakers compiled a 2–5 record, finished in last place in the Western Conference with an 0–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 147 to 72. F. W. Eggeman was the team captain.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season
The 1909 Queensland Rugby League season was the inaugural season of rugby league football club competition in Brisbane, Queensland. Club matches had begun in July 1908 and encouraged by a small profit, the Queensland Amateur Rugby League looked to establish club competitions.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season
In April 1909, Valley, who had played matches in 1908, held a meeting to, "start a senior Valley Club to play under the Northern Union [Rugby League] rules".


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary
The structure for competitive club Rugby League in Brisbane appears to be modelled on how Rugby Union was organised in the city at the time. Rugby Union in 1909 had Senior and Junior divisions, with multiple grades in each.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Competition
Four teams entered the senior Rugby League competition: North Brisbane, South Brisbane, Toombul and Valley. Practice matches were arranged for May 1, with the competition to begin the following Saturday.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Competition
The first senior club competition matches in Brisbane were played on Saturday, May 8, 1909. Both matches were played at the Brisbane Cricket Ground, Woolloongabba. In the first match played, North Brisbane 8 defeated Toombul nil. In the match that followed, South Brisbane 12 defeated Valley 2.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Competition
Sharing the season calendar with representative fixtures, club senior competition matches were played on eight Saturdays across five months - May 8, 15, 22, 29, July 3, 10 24 (Semi-Finals) and September 4 (Final). As all Senior results were published in the newspapers (The Telegraph, The Brisbane Courier and Truth) it is possible to reconstruct a competition table.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Competition
All four teams played in semi-finals. It is possible that the QARL was using a similar approach that the NSWRFL was using at the time. Namely, two points for a win in a semi-final or final were added to the team's tally. A challenger would have to pass on competition points the team they challenged. This may be the reason that while North Brisbane challenged South Brisbane for a place in the final, Valley played Toombul to give them an opportunity to secure a further two points.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Competition
In the semi-finals South Brisbane 21 defeated North Brisbane 11 and Valley 30 defeated Toombul 0.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Competition
The Final of the competition was held on Saturday, September 4 at the Brisbane Cricket Ground, Woolloongabba. South Brisbane opened the scoring with a penalty before Valley responded with a converted try. Following a second penalty to South Brisbane, Valley led 5 to 4 at the half-time break. Valley increased their lead in the second half, scoring four tries, converting one. South Brisbane did not add to their score. Full -time: Valley 19 defeated South Brisbane 4.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Junior Competition
Junior division teams included Milton, North Brisbane, South Brisbane, St Bridget’s, Toombul, Valley.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Junior Competition
St Bridget's won the junior premiership with North Brisbane juniors the runner's up.


1909 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Junior Competition
Contemporary newspaper reports refer to St Bridget’s Church and Convent Grounds at Red Hill, suggesting that the team was linked to the church now known as St Bridid's. St Bridget’s also had a cricket team, playing in the 1909-10 Fourth Grade Junior competition.


1909 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 2 October 1909 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1909 Queensland state election, Results
Queensland state election, 2 October 1909Legislative Assembly << 1908–1912 >>


1909 Rangitikei by-election
The 1909 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 17th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the sixth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1892 and the following one took place in 1978. The Second Ballot Act 1908 was in force and in the first ballot, and Frank Hockly of the opposition Reform Party won the first ballot, but Robert William Smith of the governing Liberal Party was ultimately chosen in the second ballot.


1909 Rangitikei by-election, Background
The by-election was caused after the death of Liberal Party MP Arthur Remington on 17 August 1909. Remington died at his home in Tinakori Road, Wellington, at the age of 53.


1909 Rangitikei by-election, Background
Six candidates were announced on 9 September for the by-election: Frank Hockly and George Hutchison were candidates for the opposition, Robert Hornblow was a candidate for Liberal–Labour, James Georgetti was an independent, and Robert Smith and William Meldrum were candidates for the Liberal Party. However, ultimately George Hutchison did not appear on the ballot as he agreed to stand down in the interests of the Reform Party in favour of Hockly.


1909 Rangitikei by-election, Background
The Second Ballot Act 1908 was in force and had previously been used for the 1908 election. This was the second by-election where it applied, and the act stipulated that the leading candidate had to obtain an absolute majority of the votes, or else the two highest polling candidates would face each other in a second election. No candidate received an absolute majority in the first ballot on 17 September and consequently a second ballot took place on 23 September.


1909 Rangitikei by-election, Results, First ballot
Hockly received a plurality of votes, receiving 1,548 votes of the total of 4,179. Meldrum was expected to receive the votes from those in favour of the Liberal Government, however Smith ultimately came in second place. As no candidate received a majority, a second ballot took place one week later.


1909 Rangitikei by-election, Results, Second ballot
The second ballot resulted in the return of Liberal candidate Smith, who was elected by a majority of 399 votes. Despite the in-fighting from Government candidates in the first ballot, they stood faithfully in favour of Smith for the second ballot. Thomas Mackenzie, who at the time served as Minister of Agriculture, attributed the victory to "a recognition on the part of the electors that the Government is honestly striving to do its very best in the interests of the country" and took the rural vote of the electorate to be an approval of his ministry's work.


1909 Rangitikei by-election, Results, Results by locality
Following are two tables showcasing the detailed results by locality for each of the two ballots.


1909 Rhode Island State Rams football team
The 1909 Rhode Island State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In its first year under head coach George Cobb, the team compiled a 3–4 record.


1909 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1909 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1909. Incumbent Republican Aram J. Pothier defeated Democratic nominee Olney Arnold with 57.00% of the vote.


1909 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1909 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as a member of the Eastern Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (EVIAA) during the 1909 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach E. A. Dunlap, Richmond compiled a record of 3–5–2.


1909 Rock Island Independents season
The 1909 Rock Island Independents season was the team's third year in existence. The season resulted in the team posting a 0–3 record.


1909 Rose Polytechnic football team
The 1909 Rose Polytechnic football team represented the Rose Polytechnic Institute during the 1909 college football season. Under Coach Clarke, Rose Poly compiled a 4–4 record, and played a tough schedule that included Vanderbilt, Notre Dame, Kentucky, and Purdue. Against Notre Dame, Rose Poly was crushed 60 to 11, but managed to score the first touchdown against the Fighting Irish in two years.


1909 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1909 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1909 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Herman Pritchard, the Queensmen compiled a 3–5–1 record and were outscored by their opponents, 74 to 62. The team captain was Edwin T. Leslie.


1909 SAFL Grand Final
The 1909 SAFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. West Adelaide beat Port Adelaide by 59 to 41.


1909 SAFL season
The 1909 South Australian Football League season was the 33rd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1909 Saint Louis Blue and White football team
The 1909 Saint Louis Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University during the 1909 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Bill Warner, the team compiled a 3–5 record and was outscored by a total of 84 to 74.


1909 Sammarinese general election
A general election was held in San Marino on 19 June 1909 to elect the second term of the Grand and General Council. It was the first election held in the country under universal suffrage.


1909 Sammarinese general election, Electoral law
According to the decisions of the Meeting of 1906, a third of the seats in the Grand and General Council should be renewed every three years; to do so, councillors elected in 1906 had been divided into three classes, under the model of the Senate of the United States, by random sortition. The age limit to be an elector was lowered from 25 to 21 on 5 July 1906, but a major change occurred on 6 May 1909, when the Council passed a law establishing male universal suffrage in the country. In addition, the ancient constituency of City of San Marino was divided in two, ceding 10 seats to new constituency of Borgo Maggiore.


1909 Sammarinese general election, Electoral law
All councillors were elected in their constituency using a plurality-at-large voting, a non-partisan system. However, as happened in 1906, candidates elected generally belonged to the liberal group which had supported the democratic action of the Citizenry Meeting or, more, were members of the sole organized party of the country, the Sammarinese Socialist Party. If the political composition of the council did not change significantly, this time the Socialists refused to join the government they left in 1907 after disagreements around industrial and religious themes.


1909 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system
Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male, the head of the family and 24 years old.


1909 San Diego mayoral election
The 1909 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 6, 1909 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent Mayor John F. Forward Sr. and Grant Conard received the most votes in the primary election and advanced to the runoff. Conard was then elected mayor with a majority of the votes.


1909 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Incumbent Mayor John F. Forward Sr. stood for reelection on the Republican ticket. Grant Conard, who was previously the runner up in the 1907 election, once again challenged Forward as a Republican running a non-political campaign. Also contesting the race was W.J. Kirkwood, a Socialist.


1909 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
The 1909 election was the first to be held in San Diego using the primary election system. On March 23, 1909, Forward and Conard received the two highest vote totals and advanced to the general election. Conard was then elected mayor on April 6, 1909 with a majority of the votes in the runoff.


1909 San Francisco Seals season
The 1909 San Francisco Seals season was the seventh season in the history of the San Francisco Seals baseball team. The 1909 team won the Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant with a 132–80 record. Dan Long was the team's manager


1909 San Francisco Seals season
The 1925 Seals were selected in 2003 by a panel of minor league experts as the tenth best team in the PCL's 100-year history. The team was also ranked No. 71 by baseball historians Bill Weiss and Marshall Wright in their ranking of the 100 best teams in Minor League Baseball history.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Pitchers
Frank Browning led the PCL and all of Minor League Baseball with 32 wins and a 2.00 earned run average (ERA). Browning later played for the Detroit Tigers and performed as part of a vaudeville quartet.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Pitchers
Cack Henley finished second with a 31–10 record and a 1.56 ERA. On June 8, 1909, Henley pitched a 24-inning, complete-game shutout at Freeman's Park in Oakland. Jimmy Wiggs pitched 23 scoreless innings for Oakland and lost on an unearned run in the 24th inning.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Position players
Right fielder Henry Melchior appeared in 195 games for the Seals, tallied 47 extra base hits and 27 stolen bases, and led the PCL with a .298 batting average. Melchior continued to play on the West Coast until 1915 but never played in the major leagues.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Position players
Outfielder Doc Miller compiled a .347 batting average for the Seals but did not have enough at bats (he had 219) to qualify for the batting title. Miller later played five years in the major leagues.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Position players
Third baseman Rollie Zeider compiled a .289 batting average and led the PCL with 93 stolen bases and 141 runs scored. Zeider later played nine seasons in the major leagues.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Position players
Left fielder Ping Bodie, a San Francisco native, led the team with 10 home runs. He hit 30 home runs for the Seals in 1910 and later played nine seasons in the majors.


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Statistics, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage


1909 San Francisco Seals season, Statistics, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average


1909 Savannah axe murders
The 1909 Savannah axe murders was a triple homicide that occurred at 401 West Perry Street in the downtown district of Savannah, Georgia, in December 1909. Though the public initially confronted the city's African-American community with the crime, the dying third victim, Maggie Hunter, stated that her estranged husband had attacked her. J.C. Hunter was sentenced to death for the murders in 1910. His sentence was commuted to life in prison one day before his execution date in 1911. He was eventually pardoned by the governor in 1923.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Murder
On December 10, 1909, two women, Eliza Gribble and her daughter Carrie Ohlander, were discovered beaten to death inside the house. A third woman, Maggie Hunter, was found barely alive and later died from her injuries in the hospital. When police arrived on the scene, they found Carrie Ohlander's body in the hallway, and concluded that she had been criminally assaulted before her throat was slit. Carrie's mother, Eliza Gribble, was found in the back bedroom with her skull beaten in. Eliza Gribble, 70, was the owner of the house.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Murder
She was originally from Cornwell, England, but had settled in Savannah before the Civil War with her late husband R. Gribble. She had rented the house with her daughter a short time before the murders occurred. Eliza was found sitting in her easy chair in the back bedroom. A newspaper and her reading glasses lay at her feet. She had received one to two blows to the back of the head and her grey head showed the imprint of an axe. Carrie Ohlander, 36, was Eliza Gribble's daughter.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Murder
She was separated from her husband, Andrew J. Ohlander, who was living in Memphis, and had come to Savannah to live with her mother. Ohlander was partially deaf and believed to be the first to have been attacked, likely trying to protect her mother. Physicians determined she was criminally assaulted before having her throat cut and being beaten to death.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Murder
Maggie Hunter, 34, had just rented a room and moved into the Gribble House the day before the attacks occurred. She was estranged from her husband,  JC Hunter, who was 30 years her senior, at the time, and was planning on making a living on her own by being a seamstress. JC Hunter had just brought a sewing machine over to the house the day before the murders.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Murder
Maggie was found barely alive at the front door of the house with her throat slit and her head beaten in. She died three days later in the hospital.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Public reaction and trial
The crime happened early enough in the day to make the evening paper that night. The Savannah Evening Press reported the murders and caused frenzy in the town. A riot broke out with fences torn down and doors burst in as townspeople went on a witch-hunt for the murderer. Quickly, the story became national news. The Los Angeles Herald reported on December 11, 1909, “one hundred and fifty negroes are prisoners in the police station, awaiting examination.”   Mobs of men stormed the jail in outrage, making the prisoners fear for their lives.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Public reaction and trial
However, a delirious Maggie Hunter, dying in the hospital, would reveal to a Baptist minister, Reverend John S. Wilder, who was sitting at her bedside, the name of the killer. Maggie claimed that her husband, JC Hunter, was the one who struck her down. Police were notified, and Hunter was taken into custody after a search of his house revealed a bloody rag and bloody clothes.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Public reaction and trial
On February 23, 1910, the Chatham County grand jury indicted three men, JC Hunter, Willie Walls, and John Coker, for the murder of the three women. All men denied any knowledge of the crimes. On August 17, 1910, the jury convicted Hunter of murder, and the court sentenced him to death by hanging. He tried to appeal his conviction and sentence, but was denied, and his execution date was set for December 22, 1911.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Public reaction and trial
The day before his execution, Hunter was to be baptized in his jail cell by Reverend John S. Wilder. Hunter still proclaimed his innocence of the crimes and was told that the governor had commuted his sentence to life in prison. On October 27, 1923, Hunter was granted a pardon by Governor Clifford Walker and returned to Savannah.


1909 Savannah axe murders, The accused
JC Hunter (David L. Taylor) was Maggie Hunter's husband. At the time of the murders, they were separated, with her living at the Gribble House residence and he living nearby at Montgomery and Congress Streets. He had served in the American Civil War as a soldier in the 63rd Regiment Georgia Volunteer Infantry until he was wounded in the Battle of Atlanta. Afterwards, he served jail time twice, once for stealing a horse and the other for bigamy. Upon his release, he adopted the name of Hunter. Hunter was a paperhanger and painter from Guyton, Georgia, and was 30 years older than Maggie Hunter, often referring to her as his daughter.


1909 Savannah axe murders, The accused
In her delirium while dying in the hospital, Maggie Hunter announced to Reverend John S. Wilder, JC Hunter's name as the man who had attacked her and murdered the other two women. Police quickly descended upon Hunter's residence and found a bloody rag stuffed in his fireplace, as well as a packet of bloodstained clothes in the house. Robert J. Travis, a Savannah lawyer who investigated the scene on his own, had also discovered one of his walking canes in the house.


1909 Savannah axe murders, The accused
Hunter was the only man to be fully trialled for the murders, and on August 17, 1910, the jury convicted him of the murders and the court sentenced him to death by hanging. On December 22, 1911, Hunter's sentence was reduced from hanging to a life in prison, and on October 27, 1923, he was granted a pardon by Governor Clifford Walker and returned to Savannah.


1909 Savannah axe murders, The accused
Willie Walls came under suspicion after admitting to the police that he had tried to see Maggie Hunter on the day the attacks and murders had occurred. Walls had also paid for Maggie's stay in the Gribble House for a month in full as she was estranged from her husband, JC Hunter. Walls was brought in for questioning and was held, but released on his own bond, as the case against him was extremely weak, and he never went to trial.


1909 Savannah axe murders, The accused
Bingham Bryan was put into custody under the alleged motive of robbery on January 25, 1910, by the Chatham County Sheriff's Department. It was believed Gribble had an old trunk filled with wills, stocks, and other valuable things. At the time of the murders, Bryan was the yardman for the property, and it was believed he knew the contents of the trunk. He was held, but never put on trial for the murders, as there was no evidence against him.


1909 Savannah axe murders, The accused
John Coker was also put on trial for the murders, but was never accused due to lack of evidence and unreliable witnesses.


1909 Savannah axe murders, Tourist attraction
In 1944, the Gribble House and surrounding buildings were torn down to build the 15,000-square-foot warehouse that stands there now, located at 234 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd in Savannah, Georgia. The warehouse is the former site of ghost tours, and was featured on the 17 May 2014 of season 9 E10 of the show Ghost Adventures.


1909 Scottish Cup Final
The 1909 Scottish Cup final was the final of the 36th season of the Scottish Cup. The match was an Old Firm affair contested by Rangers and Celtic at Hampden Park, with the trophy being withheld by the Scottish Football Association following crowd disorder.


1909 Scottish Cup Final
The final ended 2–2 on 10 April, prompting a replay which took place on 17 April. When that ended 1–1, the initial assumption was that extra time would follow, but competition rules only provided for that in the event of a second replay. When it became clear to the crowd that extra time would not be played, and fuelled by rumours that the results were manipulated to increase ticket revenue, the crowd invaded the pitch. In the ensuing disorder, the goalposts were torn down, parts of the pitch were ripped up and the wooden pay-boxes were set alight. Mounted police and the fire brigade also came under attack and in total there were over 100 injuries.


1909 Scottish Cup Final
Both clubs requested the SFA not schedule a second replay and subsequently, the trophy and medals were withheld. Queen's Park F.C., the owners of Hampden, were paid £500 in compensation by the SFA, who ordered both competing clubs to pay an additional £150 each.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1909 Sewanee Tigers football team represented Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was coached by Harris G. Cope in his 1st year as head coach, compiling a record of 6–1 (5–0 SIAA) and outscoring opponents 160 to 42 to win the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association title. Sewanee beat the previous season's champions LSU and Auburn, and upset rival Vanderbilt, handing the school its first loss to a Southern team in six years.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Before the season
The Tigers hired new head coach Harris Cope, a former Sewanee quarterback. Assisting Cope was former Sewanee fullback and guard Henry D. Phillips; and former Princeton quarterback Edward Dillon.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Southwestern Presbyterian
The season opened with a 64–0 win over Southwestern Presbyterian. "The players suffered from the heat and dust." The first score came after three minutes had past, when Ed Finlay ran 60 yards for a touchdown.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Southwestern Presbyterian
The starting lineup was  Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Cox (right guard), Moise (right tackle), Finlay (right end), Browne (quarterback), Myers (left halfback), Lanier (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Princeton
Sewanee was defeated by eastern power Princeton 20–0. Princeton's F. B. Read scored first on a 10-yard touchdown through Sewanee's right side, five minutes into the first quarter. Later, Princeton got a safety when Lionel Moise fell on his own punt in the endzone. Later still, Read had a 65-yard touchdown run. The final touchdown was a short run by F. T. Dawson.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Princeton
The starting lineup was  Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Cox (right guard), Moise (right tackle), Gillem (right end), Brown (quarterback), Myers (left halfback), Lanier (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Georgia Tech
Quarterback Chigger Browne starred in the 15–0 defeat of John Heisman's Georgia Tech. A touchdown in each half, and a 30-yard field goal from Moise in the second, made the scores. Browne ran in the first touchdown on a run which captured the crowd, and the second was on a forward pass from Browne to Hawkins.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Georgia Tech
The starting lineup was  Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Cox (right guard), Moise (right tackle), Finlay (right end), Browne (quarterback), Myers (left halfback), Lanier (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at LSU
Sewanee beat the LSU Tigers in New Orleans 15–6. According to Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin, Sewanee won due to better punting.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at LSU
Sewanee scored with an Aubrey Lanier touchdown and Moise drop kick in the first half. LSU scored when, after blocking a punt, Robert L. Stovall recovered the ball for a touchdown. Soon after, President William Howard Taft showed up to the game for about ten minutes. Sewanee added another touchdown.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at LSU
The starting lineup was  Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Cox (right guard), Moise (right tackle), Gillem (right end), Brown (quarterback), Myers (left halfback), Lanier (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Castle Heights
Sewanee beat the Castle Heights Military Academy 38–0. By the second half, Sewanee gained at will. The feature of the game was Gillem's 100-yard touchdown run.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Castle Heights
The starting lineup was Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Stoney (right guard), Stone (right tackle), Finlay (right end), Brown (quarterback), Gillem (left halfback), Lanier (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Auburn
Sewanee defeated the Auburn Tigers by a single point, 12–11, Auburn's missed extra point proving the difference. Grantland Rice called this game the season's best contest, and recalled Lanier diving to fair catch a punt, and landing on his head.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Auburn
Auburn scored when Lew Hardage put the ball in striking distance with a 30-yard run. Bradley Streit then went over for the touchdowns, Reynolds missed the kick. Sewanee's touchdown was set up by a 45-yard rush from Chigger Browne. Hawkins went over. Later, Browne had another big run of 60 yards and a touchdown. Moise made both extra points. Auburn blocked a punt for another score late.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Auburn
The starting lineup was Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Cox (right guard), Moise (right tackle), Finlay (right end), Browne (quarterback), Lanier (left halfback), Gillem (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Vanderbilt
Sewanee easily defeated its old rival Vanderbilt 16–5, giving Vanderbilt its first loss to a Southern team in six years. and netting the SIAA championship for Sewanee. "Moise, for Sewanee, played the game of his life." For Sewanee's first score, a forward pass netted forty yards and Aubrey Lanier went around end for a touchdown. Lanier also got the second touchdown. The third came when Ed Finlay ran through the line.


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, at Vanderbilt
The starting lineup was Williams (left end), Faulkenberry (left tackle), Cheape (left guard), Juhan (center), Cox (right guard), Moise (right tackle), Finlay (right end), Browne (quarterback), Myers (left halfback), Lanier (right halfback), Hawkins (fullback).


1909 Sewanee Tigers football team, Postseason
The Tigers won the SIAA title for the first time since the 1899 "iron men". Grantland Rice called Aubrey Lanier "the noblest Tiger of them all." The Kappa Alpha Journal gives similar praise that year, calling Lanier "The greatest performer of the college game on the Southern field.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election
A by-election was held for the British House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Attercliffe on 4 May 1909.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Vacancy
The election was caused by the resignation of J. Batty Langley, due to long-term ill health. He had been the Liberal Party Member of Parliament for the seat since an 1894 by-election.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Electoral history
Batty Langley had been re-elected unopposed at the 1895 and 1900 general elections. Arnold Muir Wilson, a local Conservative Party councillor and honorary consul for Serbia had contested the seat in 1906, taking 46.8% of the vote.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Background
Attercliffe, a district of north east Sheffield, was a heavy industry, working class area. At the time of the election, there was extremely high unemployment in the area.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates
The Liberal Party approached Arthur Neal, then a local councillor, but he declined nomination. Only one candidate then put themselves forward for nomination: Richard Cornthwaite Lambert, a London-based barrister who had narrowly failed to win Sheffield Ecclesall at the 1906 election.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates
As Muir Wilson, the Conservative candidate last time, was out of the country, the Conservatives nominated a new candidate, Sydney Charles King-Farlow. A newcomer to politics, he was a barrister based in the south east of England. Wilson objected to the decision to stand an outsider, and decided to stand as an independent candidate. He was adopted by an unofficial panel of Conservative Party members, and offered to withdraw if the party apologised to him, withdrew King-Farlow and instead adopted a candidate of his choice. This offer was not accepted.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Candidates
The Labour Party asked President of the Yorkshire Miners' Association Herbert Smith to stand, but he declined. Instead, they stood Joseph Pointer, Chair of Sheffield Trades Council and a local councillor. He was a member of the Independent Labour Party and the United Patternmakers Association, but both organisations initially refused to sponsor his candidacy, the Patternmakers finally agreeing on 20 April to finance him.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
The campaign was short, but hard-fought. Lambert campaigned as "the People's Candidate", opposing taxes on food. He described himself as a radical, and announced that he would not say a word of apology or in defence of the government, but that its conduct had been admirable.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
Muir Wilson stood on a protectionist platform, under the slogan "Vote for the Tory Chicken!! Kill the London Cuckoo!!". Surprisingly for a Conservative, he called for the redistribution of wealth and the nationalisation of railways and collieries. King-Farlow promised "more work for Englishmen and less work for foreigners". The two engaged in a widely discussed dispute, Muir Wilson writing to King-Farlow "I think you have found out by now how you have been fooled and betrayed, so you have better throw the sponge up and return to London".


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
The two held rival meetings a few feet apart in Heeley, and Muir Wilson attacked local Conservative MP Samuel Roberts for appearing on King-Farlow's platform. Roberts called Muir Wilson a "mountebank", but subsequently suggested that the party should withdraw their candidate and apologise to Muir Wilson. Other Tories advocated both candidates standing down in favour of Fred Kelley, a local brewer, but he stated that he would not stand even if asked.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
Ramsay MacDonald, Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, among others, came to campaign for Pointer. His campaign was criticised for being poorly organised, and suffered from a lack of resources, being largely based on open air speeches.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
At the end of April, Captain Hunnable, an eccentric poet from Ilford, arrived in the constituency, promising to raise wages to £2 a week and form a government within five years. He considered supporting Muir Wilson, but rejected the idea after a meeting, and briefly attempted to stand as a fifth candidate, but gave up after he divined a horoscope stating the Muir Wilson would win.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
The Women's Social and Political Union intervened in the election, with Emmeline Pankhurst speaking. The organisation was broadly sympathetic to the Labour Party, but all four candidates endorsed women's suffrage. However, they were pelted with rotten eggs and vegetables during at least one open-air meeting, and appealed for police protection. During the campaign, they collected 5,000 signatures from local voters to a petition to enfranchise women.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Campaign
The Manchester Guardian predicted that Lambert would win easily, taking at least 5,000 votes, with eight or nine thousand shared between the other three candidates.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Result
The result was announced on a large illuminated screen at Sheffield Town Hall, and a big crowd awaited the result of the contest. With the Conservative vote split, Pointer was able to take enough votes from the Liberals to achieve a narrow victory, with the Liberals dropping from first to third place. With only 27.5% of the vote, this remains the lowest ever winning share in a single-member by-election.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Result
At the time, the possibility of winning a seat with such a low share of the vote was described by the Daily Chronicle as an "absurdity", making the case for preferential voting. The Labour gain, and the dramatic fall in the Liberal vote, encouraged David Lloyd George to move the party to the left, and the next months saw a series of large Liberal victories in their safe seats. On 22 May, Winston Churchill spoke in favour of the introduction of proportional representation, claiming that "the present system has clearly broken down. The results produced are not fair to any party... all they secure is fluke representation".


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Result
Immediately after the announcement, Muir Wilson thanked Pointer and Lambert, but accused King-Farlow of being "warped by the prejudice of others". Later in the evening, King-Farlow confronted him, calling him a "cad and a liar", and the two Conservatives had to be separated. The following week, Muir Wilson called a public meeting, at which he complained that he had spent £1,100 on contesting the 1906 and 1909 elections, and "if that is not enough to buy the seat of Attercliffe, I don't know what is". Later in the month, he sued King-Farlow for assault on the election night, and for damage to his bowler hat. The case was dismissed before Muir Wilson was able to give evidence.


1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election, Aftermath
Pointer held the seat until his death in 1914. Lambert finally won a seat at Cricklade in 1910. Wilson died a few months after the by-election, without ever having returned to the UK. King-Farlow contested the seat again in January 1910, then stood in Hackney South in December, but was never elected, and instead became a judge in British East Africa.


1909 South Armagh by-election
The South Armagh by-election of 1909 was held on 5 November 1909. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, William McKillop. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Charles O'Neill.


1909 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1909 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1909 college football season. The team beat Charleston and the Citadel.


1909 South Kilkenny by-election
The South Kilkenny by-election of 1909 was held on 10 August 1909. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Nicholas Joseph Murphy, being declared bankrupt. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Matthew Keating, being elected unopposed.


1909 South Sydney Rabbitohs season
The 1909 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 2nd in the club's history. Captained by primarily by Arthur Conlin, the club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season repeating as Australian rugby league premiers.


1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1909 college football season. The season began on September 25.


1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
Under head coach Harris G. Cope, Sewanee won its last conference title in major college football. Sewanee gave Vanderbilt its first loss to a Southern team in six years, and was the first Sewanee squad to win a title since the 1899 Iron Men.


1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
When the Kentucky team was welcomed home after the upset win over Illinois, Philip Carbusier said that they had "fought like wildcats", a nickname that stuck.


1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
President Taft showed up for the Sewanee-LSU game. LSU was led by Hall of Fame quarterback Doc Fenton.


1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season, Results and team statistics
PPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per game


1909 Spring Hill Badgers football team
The 1909 Spring Hill Badgers football team represented the Spring Hill Badgers of Spring Hill College during the 1909 college football season.


1909 St. Louis Browns season
The 1909 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Browns finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 61 wins and 89 losses.


1909 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1909 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 28th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 18th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 54–98 during the season and finished 7th in the National League.


1909 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1909 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1909 St. Vincent's Saints football team
The 1909 St. Vincent's Saints football team was an American football team that represented St. Vincent's College (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Walter Rheinschild, the team compiled a 6–0 record.


1909 St. Vincent's Saints football team
Rheinschild was a Southern California native who had gone east to play football for Michigan. He was hired in April 1909 as head football coach at St. Vincent's. He led St. Vincent's to an undefeated season and the football championship of Southern California in his one year as head coach. The Los Angeles Times praised Rheinschild's efforts in turning the St. Vincent's team into champions:


1909 St. Vincent's Saints football team
"Rheinschild has accomplished wonders with a squad which at the outset of the season appeared to be mediocre to an unusual degree. The Saints' athletic authorities are more than pleased with the success of 'Rheiny.' They expected the coach to clean up the Saint athletics and get a start for next year. 'Rheiny' did considerably more. He developed the strongest team the Saints ever had. And the eleven played clean ball too."