1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The Pittsburg Press noted: "Each team went into the game with a wholesome respect for the other's ability, and, while it was generally conceded that Pitt had the better chance of victory, West Virginia surprised everybody by coming back in the second half. Pitt was unable to gain consistently on line plays, but in the second quarter showed flashes of the strength that made the team the best in the country last fall."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
Pitt opened the second quarter in possession of the ball on West Virginia's 30-yard line. "At this juncture, the Pitt team, which had been like 11 players working in different directions, pulled together and made an old time march up the field. McLaren finally went through a hole between Sutherland and Stahl for touchdown." Gougler kicked goal. Pitt 7 to WVA 0. "Soon afterwards, King fumbled a ball in his own territory, giving Pitt the ball on the West Virginia 35-yard line. This was an opportunity not to be overlooked and Pitt was soon knocking at the Mountaineers' goal line,  (Roy) Easterday carrying it over." Gougler kick goal and Pitt led 14 to 0 at halftime.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
"Fickle Fortune flirted to the West Virginia banner in the third period. King, the lanky halfback, stood on his own 32-yard line and booted the ball. (Pitt halfback Harry) McCarter let it hit the ground, which was baked hard. The ball bounded away from the Pitt 25-yard mark, where it hit, back toward the goal line. On the 1-yard line McCarter grabbed the elusive ball and in a nonce Capt. Bailey, of the home team, had grabbed him around the waist and McCarter was thrown back over the goal line for a safety." Score 14 to 2.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
Early in the fourth quarter Pitt had possession on their 20-yard line and the West Virginia defense forced a punt situation. "(Dale) Sies dropped back to kick. Ice broke through, blocked the kick and recovered the ball for a touchdown. Rodgers kicked goal." Final score: Pitt 14 – West Virginia 9. West Virginia would finish the season with a 6-3-1 record.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The Pitt lineup for the game against West Virginia was H. Clifford Carlson (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), William Harrington and George R. Allshouse (right end), William Miller, William McClelland and David Pitler (quarterback), Roscoe Gougler (left halfback), Roy Easterday and Harry McCarter (right halfback), George McLaren (fullback). The first half was played in 11-minute quarters and the second half in 10-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
The Pittsburg Press hyped the game: "The University of Pittsburgh gridders will celebrate the opening of the home season tomorrow in a game with Bethany College. The Panhandle team has an aggressive collection of players and the initial game on the home grounds will be one of the big events of the year. Promptly at 3 the kickoff will be made. It is expected that the entire undergraduate body will be in attendance. In the student section will be the Pitt band, 50 strong, led by Prof. Holder, and its performance will add zest to the game. Two hundred lads from the high schools of Western Pennsylvania will be in attendance as guests of the University Athletic Committee. This particular feature will be continued through the succeeding games of the season."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
The University of Pittsburgh Athletic Council published a sixty-four page Eighth Annual Football Yearbook as a game day program that sold for fifteen cents. Andrew Brady McSwigan illustrated the cover. Mr. McSwigan was president of Kennywood Amusement Park for 41 years.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
After suffering through a two win and seven loss 1916 season under the tutelage of Fred Heyman, the Bison were looking to improve in 1917 with new coach Boyd Chambers. They finished the season with a 5—4 record.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
The Pitt lineup will have Ray Allshouse at right end, instead of William Harrington, and Harry McCarter at left halfback, replacing Roscoe Gougler. Gougler hurt his shoulder in the game with the Mountaineers and "Warner places a great value on this man and will groom him especially for the Lehigh game two weeks hence."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
The Pittsburg Press was impressed with the outcome: "The University of Pittsburgh football team opened its home season yesterday at Forbes Field by defeating the Bethany College eleven, 40 to 0. There was a good sized crowd on hand to witness the opening game for all Pittsburgh football fandom was anxious to get a line on the Panther team, and all present came away convinced that Pitt will have one of the best teams that will play football this year."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
The 1919 Owl Yearbook agreed: "The opening game of the season was with Bethany College and resulted in an easy 40—0 victory for the Panthers. Had Coach Warner desired to run up a big score the chances are that he could have done so. As it was, he was content to try out all the men and see what could be expected of them in the big games later. Pitt scored 20 points in the first quarter, when the double pass was worked to perfection.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
Bethany fought gamely in the second and third quarters and there was no scoring, the Pitt subs being in most of the time. In the last quarter the Panthers woke up and scored 20 more points, Capt. Carlson handling a forward pass for the last one. While the Varsity's playing in this game was far from finished, it was encouraging to the football fans and all predicted another great season."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
Florent Gibson of The Pittsburgh Sunday Post was not impressed: "The Pitt football team looks like a lump of dough in the half-way stage between the mixing and the kneading out into pans. Also, this statement is made in spite of the fact--or maybe because of it-- that Pitt licked Bethany at Forbes Field yesterday afternoon, in the first home game of the season 40 to 0.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
Six touchdowns and four touchdown boots account for the total, but, except for the first quarter, in which half the total was chalked up, the Panther machine looked like a yeast-cake in rapid action. This formless, amorphous condition was far more in evidence yesterday than it was a week ago down in Morgantown, and to carry the figure of speech to its logical conclusion, the pessimistically inclined have some grounds for wondering if  "Pop" Warner, master-baker, will ever turn out a fine assortment of crispy brown loaves – not loafers – bearing his well known trademark."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
Pitt took the opening kick-off and advanced the ball by double passes to the Bethany 15-yard line. "George McLaren broke through center 14 yards and on the next play slid through the same place for touchdown. Sies failed at goal." The Pitt offense quickly regained possession and had the ball on the Bethany 18-yard line. "Roy Easterday on a cross buck, skirted to the three-yard line, a distance of 15 yards. McLaren tore through the Bethany forwards for touchdown. Sies kicked the resultant goal." On Pitt's next march to the end zone Bethany almost intercepted a pass.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
"Latto had it in his grasp but failed to hold the ball. On the next play Harry McCarter projected a pass to Allshouse for a 30-yard gain reaching the Bethany 17-yard line. Easterday, on another criss-cross from McCarter,  ran 17 yards for the touchdown. Sies kicked goal." Pitt led 20 to 0.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
In the fourth quarter, David Pitler quarterbacked the first string. "From the six yard line, Pitler, on a straight play through center, ran over for a touchdown. Sies failed at goal." On Pitt's next possession, Pitler scored on a 35 yard scamper. Sies kicked goal and the score was 33—0. Pitler finished the scoring with a 40-yard touchdown pass to Cliff Carlson with less than five minutes remaining. Sies kicked goal and Pitt won 40 to 0.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Bethany
The lineup for the game against Bethany was H. Clifford Carlson (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), Ray Allshouse (right end), William Miller (quarterback), Harry McCarter (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback), and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Henry, W. J. Thomas, William Baurys, Thomas Kendrick, David Pitler, Robert Penman and William McClelland. The game was played in 12-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
On October 13, 1917, the Lehigh University Brown and White football team from Bethlehem, PA came west to battle the Pitt eleven for the first time. Lehigh was coached by Tom Keady who had compiled a respectable 34—12—1 record in his first five seasons. Lehigh came into this game with a 2-0 record, having beaten both the 7th Infantry and Ursinus College squads.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
Florent Gibson of The Pittsburgh Post was wary of the Lehigh squad: "This afternoon's game will be between the University of Pittsburgh and Lehigh University. We have the effrontery to outburst with the announcement that, in our humble opinion, it will be some game, and a mighty critical one for the Panthers. Down in our heart we cherish the belief that Pitt will win, but we are prepared for the worst. (Roscoe) Gougler will start today as good as new and it is well that he does. Gawsh, how he is needed."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
Sunday morning Mr. Gibson was humbled: "It is with mixed feelings, dear readers, that we chronicle the Pitt-Lehigh game that was long and tiresome in the happening at Forbes Field yesterday afternoon. We are glad that Pitt showed a really splendid brand of hard and cohesive football in sweeping Lehigh's hard-bitten but none too enterprising eleven off its feet, and that yesterday's performance augurs well for Pitt's continued success on the gridiron this fall. But, we are saddened at being made such a vapid liar by the size of the score.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
We plead guilty to predicting that Pitt would have a hard game yesterday, and that Lehigh was just as likely as not to twist the Panther's tail. And, though we missed the mark as wide as Christian charity, we do contend that it was a good guess and a perfectly logical prediction, but those Lehigh players – drat 'em – wouldn't hold up for us. That "Souse Beslem" bunch performed like somnambulists or hypnotic subjects in a trance and let the Blue and Gold warriors run around, over, under and through them, as someone once remarked, to the tune of six touchdowns and five goals therefrom, or 41 points in all."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
The Pittsburgh Gazette Times reported: "Foxy Miller cast a gloom over the Lehigh camp right at the outset of the contest. This towhead caused consternation among the visiting players by taking the first kick-off and running through them 94 yards for touchdown." (Roscoe) Gougler added the first of his three goals. Later in the first quarter, "from the two-yard line (George) McLaren shoved the ball across for the second touchdown. Gougler kicked goal. Score; Pitt 14, Lehigh 0."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
In the second quarter Pitt gained possession on the Lehigh 47-yard line. "(Roy) Easterday broke away on a double pass and ran 25 yards. Then Gougler tore through the forwards to within one foot of touchdown. He turned the left flank on the next play for touchdown. He kicked goal." Later in the quarter, Lehigh worked the ball to the Pitt 12-yard line. "Then Herrington, standing on the 25-yard mark, essayed a drop-kick for a field goal. It was a poor attempt." The halftime score read 21—0.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
Pitt took the second half kick-off and Easterday, Gougler and McLaren advanced the ball methodically to the 1-yard line. "McLaren was sent through center for touchdown. Gougler failed at goal." Pitt led 27—0.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
The Pitt offense was on another sustained drive at the beginning of the fourth quarter and finally had first down on the Lehigh 10-yard line. "On two tries at right tackle, McLaren totaled 5 yards, and then passed to Easterday, criss-cross, and Easterday circled left end for the five remaining yards and a touchdown. (Cliff) Carlson kicked the goal. Pitt 34 – Lehigh 0." Minutes later, Pitt was on the Lehigh nine-yard line. "As (Harry) McCarter went around right end he fumbled and (Dale) Sies fell upon the ball behind the goal line for touchdown. Carlson kicked goal. Score – Pitt, 41; Lehigh, 0."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Lehigh
The Pitt lineup for the game against Lehigh was H. Clifford Carlson (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), Roy Allshouse (right end), William Miller (quarterback), Roscoe Gougler (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Henry, W. J. Thomas, William Baurys, Thomas Kendrick, David Pitler, Robert Penman,  William McClelland, Harry McCarter, Vance Allshouse, I. R. Pearlman and B. Peters. The first half was played in two 15-minute periods and the second half was played in two 12-minute periods.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Ralph S. Davis of The Pittsburgh Press set the stage: "Forbes Field is the scene of real "major league" football today, the attraction being the gridiron battle between the Pitt Panthers and the big Orange team from Syracuse University. This is the first appearance of the Salt City eleven in Pittsburgh. They met Pitt on their own field last fall, and were given a severe trouncing, the beating coming in the nature of a big surprise to the "talent." They boast of a team possessing strength in every department except substitutes. Syracuse showed its strength and standing a week ago, when it handed the much-touted Rutgers combination, coached by the versatile Foster Sanford, a 14—10 defeat."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
When the starting lineups were announced both teams were missing key players. Pitt started Bill McClelland at quarterback for the injured William Miller and Vance Allshouse was at tackle for the injured Fred Seidel. Syracuse's 1917 All-American tackle Alfred Cobb was nursing injuries from the Rutgers game and did not play.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Richard Guy of The Pittsburgh Gazette Times was cautious in his praise: "The Syracuse University football warriors, equipped with a highly developed attack, and a dogged determination, albeit clean and sportsmanlike in their playing, were defeated by the forces of the University of Pittsburgh in their annual match yesterday afternoon at Forbes Field by a 28 to 0 score. A crowd, estimated at 10,000 saw the contest, which brought out two teams equal in one thing, attack, and both lacking in another, strong defense."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
George W. Shusler of The Pittsburg Press was impressed: "Glenn Warner's 11-cylinder steam roller, otherwise known as the Pitt football team, steamed all over Forbes Field yesterday afternoon, with the result that Syracuse University's football team was crushed to the tune of 28 to 0. The game was fairly full of spectacular playing and each score was the result of splendid teamwork on the part of the Panther players.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
You have to hand it to "Pop" Warner, for no matter how tough the opposition, the Pitt team appears just right, as good as they have to be and pointed to the minute. For a coach to have a world-beating eleven robbed of a flock of stars by graduation and enlistment and turn in and build up with green material, build it up to a point that it can just about take the measure of any team that it is stacked up against, is worthy of all the commendation possible."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Syracuse took the opening kickoff and advanced the ball to the Pitt 17-yard line. "Here the Pitt forward line, which has stopped everything it has faced in the last two years, braced and took the ball away from the visitors." The Pitt offense went to work and advanced the ball to the Syracuse 35-yard line. "Standing on the 35-yard line (Roscoe) Gougler failed at a goal from placement. Syracuse was offside, however, and was penalized." Five plays later "McLaren shoved through center for the touchdown. Gougler kicked goal." Pitt led 7 to 0 at the end of the first period.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Early in the second quarter, Syracuse advanced the ball deep into Pitt territory to the eight yard line. Florent Gibson of the Daily Post described the play thusly: "Finally Pitt held, and then, on the very first play, McLaren slipped through a suddenly open hole 'twixt center and guard. Syracuse, playing for a punt, failed to anticipate such a move, and McLaren, once loose, omitted his usual stumble. He ran 92 yards for a touchdown, aided by fortune or something like that.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Of course, we do not mean to detract from McLaren's wonderful feat, but, gosh hang it, he has tried to do the same thing time and time again, and great player that he is, he never did anything so fortuitous as that before"  The Philadelphia Evening Public-Ledger had a different view: "On the defense McLaren was a wonder, his interference was good, he always blocked the tacklers on end runs and when he carried the ball, he was just as harmless as a runaway freight train.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
McLaren stands alone as the one best bet in the fullback position and has everybody else stopped. He bucks the line like Ted Coy and has a faculty of keeping his feet even after he has been tackled. He always is good for a yard or so after he has been stopped. In the second period Saturday, McLaren took the ball and plunged through left guard. He was tackled, but the man was shaken off and the stocky fullback kept on going. Another player grasped him, but he too, was shaken off. This gave McLaren a clear field and he surprised the multitude by showing a burst of speed which carried him down the field like Hourless ran away from Omar Khayam." Gougler kicked the goal after and Pitt led 14 to 0 at halftime.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
In the third quarter, Dale Sies blocked a Syracuse punt and Leonard Hilty recovered on the Syracuse 23-yard line. Four plays moved the ball to the Syracuse five yard line. "After a two-yard gain at center, McLaren came back with a thrust at right tackle. He shoved the ball across the goal line. Sies kicked goal." Pitt led 21 to 0 at the end of three quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
"The final score came unexpectedly late in the final period. Pitt had worked the ball up to within the 10-yard line and lost it on downs." "Due credit must be given an unknown and unhonored sub, (Carl) Miksch, for his quick presence of mind and deft scooping of the ball, like a bear gathering honey. Miksch's opportunity came when (Syracuse fullback) Malone, running left end from kick formation, fumbled on the 18-yard line. The ball was loose and bounding. Miksch took it on the run and raced over, under the goal posts." "Carlson added the final point to the score by kicking the resultant goal." Final score Pitt 28 to Syracuse 0. Syracuse finished the season 8-1-1.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
The Pitt lineup for the game against Syracuse was H. Clifford Carlson (left end), Leonard Hilty (left tackle),  John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Vance Allshouse (right tackle), Roy Allshouse (right end), William McClelland (quarterback), Roscoe Gougler (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were William Thomas, William Baurys, Thomas Kendrick, I. R. Pearlman, Clyde Mitchell, David Pitler, Harry McCarter and Carl Miksch. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
The second road game of the season was to Philadelphia's Franklin Field for the third encounter in the series with the Penn Quakers. The 1917 Penn team, led by second year coach Bob Folwell, boasted five All-Americans: end-Heinie Miller; tackle-Joseph Strauss; guard-Herbert Dieter; center-Lud Wray and fullback-Joseph Berry. The Quakers came into this game with a 3–1 record. Their only loss was to Georgia Tech by a score of 41–0. Penn finished the season with a 9–2 record.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
On Friday, October 26, "The Pitt squad, managers, scribes, camp-followers and rooters will leave on the 1 o'clock train from Union Station, and the Pitt band of 60 pieces, which is able to go through a fund raised on the Pitt campus will be along. Chief Cheerleader Harry Shirk, his assistants and the coeds are to be given credit for the drive that enables Pitt to go to the conquest as an army with banners-and music. If the Pitt band doesn't strike terror in the hearts of the Easterners, they're scare proof. Through the courtesy of the Pittsburgh team, 500 tickets have been given to the war emergency unit to be distributed to enlisted men. Previously all enlisted men in uniform were admitted free to the games. Tickets must now be secured."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
Pitt was healthy but "(Leonard) Hilty, the big tackle, was ordered to report at Cape May to the Naval Reserve, in which he enlisted some time ago." Vance Allshouse replaced him in the lineup.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
Coach Warner was worried: "Two weeks ago it looked as if we would beat Penn by a big score, but now I am not so sure about it. If Penn has a strong team we are likely to lose. At any rate we will be lucky if we win and it will be by a mighty close score."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
The Pittsburgh Sunday Post reported: "History repeated itself on historic Franklin Field this afternoon. Two autumns ago the Panthers invaded Philadelphia and came to hand-grips with a fighting “Old Penn” eleven, and retired victorious by two touchdowns to one, to their side of the mountains. The same thing happened today. Two touchdowns to one – 14 to 6 in this case – was the Pitt victory margin, earned in a hot and grueling battle on a dusty field, before 18,000 folks, with the temperature too high for comfort to either spectators or players. And Pitt is satisfied – almost. Penn, too, is satisfied. Everybody is satisfied with the result except the Pitt rooters, who wagered money that Pitt would win by two touchdowns or more. Penn counts it a moral victory to hold Pitt to this score. The best team won. There is no doubt of that."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
The 1919 Pitt Owl Yearbook recapped the action: "The annual game with the University of Pennsylvania was played at Franklin Field and proved to be one of the real surprises of the season. Pitt won 14 – 6 after one of the most grueling battles in football history. Entering the game with apparently no chance to stop the fast going Panthers, Penn showed its traditional fight and Capt. Carlson's team had a hard time winning.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
McLaren's terrific line plunging enabled Pitt to get within scoring distance just after the second half started and a forward pass, McCarter to Carlson, brought the first tally. Shortly after that Harrington grabbed a blocked kick on the 1-yard line and McLaren took it over. Penn's score came late in the game and was due to poor judgement on Pitt's part. A forward pass was tried far down in Pitt territory and Penn got the ball and ran it to the 7 yard line. Several plunges took it over. One of the largest crowds that ever filed in Franklin Field was present. The game was hard but cleanly fought and Pitt's team was praised by critics and opponents for sportsmanlike conduct. All this helped cement athletic relations between the two big Keystone State universities."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
The Pittsburgh Post revealed the statistics: "Pitt had the upper hand in almost every department of the game, the sole exception being in total ground gained by forward pass. Penn's eight completed attempts netted the Red and Blue 78 yards. Pitt's five perfect ones netted 77." Each team had three interceptions. "Pitt's total yardage from scrimmage was 324; Penn's 225. Penn got 147 yards from rushing the ball and Pitt 247, showing that Pitt's ground attack was immensely superior. Pitt made 18 first downs, four on forward passes, to 10 first downs for Penn, 3 on forwards. Pitt lost 50 yards in distance penalties and Penn lost 5 yards, quite an item to make up."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Penn
The Pitt lineup for the game against Penn was Cliff Carlson (left end), Vance Allshouse (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), Ray Allshouse (right end), William Miller (quarterback), Harry McCarter (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback), and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were William McClelland, David Pitler, I. R. Pearlman, Carl Miksch, William Harrington and Roscoe Gougler. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The Westminster Titans led by first year coach Hugh Lawrie was the opponent on the Saturday between the Penn and Wash-Jeff games. The Titans owned a 1—3 record, having beaten Thiel College 7 to 0 the previous Saturday. Westminster would finish the season 2—7.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
Ralph S. Davis of The Pittsburg Press set the tone: "In the local football realm today brings a sort of lull before the big storm of the season. The Pitt Panthers, after their decisive victory over Old Penn a week ago, tackle the Westminster College eleven as a stepping stone to the Western Pennsylvania championship classic next Saturday with Washington and Jefferson. Warner does not want his men to take any unusual risks or unnecessary chances with the W. & J. game looming up in the near future. He is very eager to preserve his lineup intact for the battle with the Red and Black next Saturday, and it was figured that he might give a few of his regulars a rest today."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The 1919 Owl Yearbook concurred: "Westminster occupied the "fill in" date between the Penn and W. & J. games, November 3, and Coach Warner used a substitute line-up most of the time against them. The score was 25—0, the New Wilmington team giving a plucky exhibition in the second half and holding Pitt scoreless."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
Sunday, The Pittsburg Press noted: "Pitt had no trouble whatever yesterday at Forbes Field in walloping Westminster to the tune of 25 to 0. The score could just as easily been three times as large had "Pop" Warner decided to make it so. But it was rumored around that the entire W. & J. team were on hand to get a line on the Panther team, and to make the game interesting Warner held his first line men on the bench and sent in the reserves to get a good workout."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
All scoring took place in the first half. On Pitt's first possession, they advanced the ball to the Westminster 17-yard line. Quarterback William Miller "tore through the Westminster line 16 yards for touchdown after (Harry) McCarter had gained a yard at center. (Cliff) Carlson missed goal." Pitt led 6 to 0. Pitt regained possession on the Westminster 45-yard line. "Miller gained two yards on a pass from (David) Pitler and on the next play, a pass from McCarter, (George) McLaren made a long run around left end and was not downed until he had registered a touchdown. Carlson again failed at goal." Pitt led 12 to 0 at the end of the first quarter.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
Early in the second quarter Westminster gained a first down on forward passes. The Pitt defense held and Westminster quarterback "Weirman kicked to Pitler on the 40-yard line. He made the catch and then outran the Westminster men, running 60 yards for touchdown. Carlson missed goal for the third time." Pitt regained possession at midfield and rushed the ball to the ten yard line. On first down "Miller went around right end for the touchdown. McLaren kicked the goal." Final score; Pitt 25 – Westminster 0.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The Pitt lineup for the game against Westminster was H. Clifford Carlson (left end), Vance Allshouse (left tackle), W. J. Thomas (left guard), Thomas Kendrick (center), Leland Stanford (right guard), I. R. Pearlman (right tackle), Ray Allshouse (right end), William Miller (quarterback), David Pitler (left halfback), Harry McCarter (right halfback), and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Henry, William Baurys, John Sutherland, Edward Stahl, Dale Sies, William McClelland, Roscoe Gougler, B. Peters, Carl Miksch, James McIntyre and Robert Penman. The game was played in 12-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The undefeated Red and Black of Washington & Jefferson College, led by second-year coach Sol Metzger, were the next foe on the schedule. The 1917 Red and Black eleven had four All-Americans on the roster: ends – Fred Heyman and Elmer "Bird" Carroll; halfback – L. William “Scrubby” McCreight and tackle – Pete Henry. They had a 5—0 record with the 7 to 0 victory over Penn State their only notable win. "The W. & J. team will probably be the heaviest college team in America.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The line will average 191, the backfield 172 and the team as a whole 185. In addition, the men seem to be in splendid physical comdition. Red and Black supporters assert that the fans will see the best Wash. - Jeff. Eleven at Forbes Field that has represented the institution in a decade."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Coach Metzger, while scouting the Penn versus Pitt game, told The Pittsburg Press "he was sorry Pitt slumped against Penn. I had hoped that the slump would come on Nov. 10, when we play Pitt," he said, "but now it is all off. Warner will have his men in great shape for the W. & J. battle, and we will have to play harder to win. Do we expect to win? I should say we do. There will be a big surprise on Forbes Field two weeks hence."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Robert W. Maxwell set the tone: "The most important football game in the east this fall will be played in Pittsburgh Saturday (Nov. 10) when the undefeated University of Pittsburgh eleven meets W. & J. at Forbes Field. The teams have gone through the season without meeting defeat, and as they are considered the best in the country, the championship, if one wishes to claim it, hinges on the verdict. With Yale, Harvard, and Princeton out of it and the apparent weakness of other eastern elevens, the real football teams seem to be located in the western part of Pennsylvania. The dope is all wrong this year from an eastern viewpoint, and the outstanding elevens are Pitt and W. & J. They are the class of the country and must be recognized."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
On game day Coach Warner opined "It will be a tough game, and I am not making predictions. However, I know that my men will do their best, and the public by this time should have some idea of how good that is." Coach Metzger concurred "In a game of this sort, predictions are ill-timed. My men are in good condition, and will give the Panthers a battle such as they have not had this season. My team is much stronger than that of 1916."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Richard Guy of The Pittsburgh Gazette Times reported: "The sturdy football warriors of the University of Pittsburgh defeated their time-honored and worthy rivals from Washington and Jefferson College in their annual match yesterday afternoon at Forbes Field, 13 to 10, before a crowd of 25,000 partisan adherents of both teams. Pitt was exulted over its well-earned victory and W. and J. over the splendid defensive fight its men waged. The Pitt Panther continues to rule this great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in college football..."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The 1919 Owl recap noted: "W. & J. got the jump at the start when a fumble gave them the ball near the Pitt goal line and (L. William) McCreight kicked a field goal. Before the quarter ended, the ball was rushed into W. & J.. territory and "Foxy' Miller got away for a 20-yard run and touchdown." Roscoe Gougler kicked goal and Pitt led 7-3 after one quarter. “When McCreight kicked his field goal in the first quarter, it was the first time in two seasons that an opponent had started scoring before Pitt.”


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
After an exchange of punts Pitt had possession on the W. & J. 19-yard line to start the second period. "(Roy) Easterday gained six yards around left end. Gougler rounded the other flank for four yards and a first down on the nine. Easterday carried the ball for three yards on a smash at center. George McLaren then ran off tackle for five yards, bringing play to the one yard line. It needed only one more try, this time through the middle of the line, for McLaren to lug the pigskin over the line for Pitt's second touchdown. There was no punt-out and Gougler missed the goal from a slight angle. Halftime score: Pitt 13,  Wash-Jeff 3."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
"The second half was decidedly W. & J. for a while. McCreight ran back a punt 35 yards and short passes and runs gave them a touchdown. Pitt 13 – W. & J. 10. Pitt braced in the fourth quarter and should have scored another touchdown but for a little bad judgement in selecting plays." "An exchange of punts got the ball for Pitt in midfield. McLaren threw a pass to McCarter, who ran 25 yards, being downed on the Washington and Jefferson 20-yard line. Eight successive times McLaren had the ball for line assaults and he responded with gains except the final one." W. & J. took over on the one yard line and a few minutes later the game ended.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Pitt gained 280 yards to 56 yards for W. & J. The Panthers had 13 first downs to 2 for the Red and Black. But the Washington & Jefferson gained 105 yards returning punts, which contributed to keeping the score close. W. & J. finished the season with a 7-3 record.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Coach Warner to The Pittsburgh Sunday Post: "Wash-Jeff played a fine game throughout. I am glad we won, but think we should have made it a little more decisive. However, I have no inclination to take any credit away from Metzger's men by claiming that our team did not play up to form. Lapses in generalship proved costly to us."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
"Scrubby" McCreight, W. & J. captain added: "We were beaten in a hard game. We gave the best we had and outplayed Pitt as often as Pitt outplayed us. It was one of those games that are good to win and hard to lose."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
"Incidentally, the touchdown made by Wash-Jeff yesterday was the first the Red and Black had pushed over a Pitt goal line since 1914, when it won by the same score that Pitt triumphed yesterday."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Pitt lineup for the game against Wash-Jeff was H. Clifford Carlson (left end), I. R. Pearlman (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), William Harrington (left end), William Miller (quarterback), Roscoe Gougler (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback), and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Henry, Vance Allshouse, Ray Allshouse, William McClelland, David Pitler and Harry McCarter. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The 1917 Carnegie Tech squad led by fourth year coach Walter Steffen came into the Pitt game with a 2—2—1 record, having lost to Army and Cornell. Coach Steffen had only one returning starter from the 1916 squad that gave Pitt a scare by holding the Panthers to a 14—6 final. Harry Keck of The Pittsburgh Post reported: "The very strongest lineup that it will be possible for Tech to present will take the field this afternoon. All the men who have been regulars most of the season will be in their places and last night every one of them was reported in the best of physical condition."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Earlier in the week The Pittsburgh Post noted: "The last two games worked havoc in the Pitt ranks. Injury to four of the first-string men places the Panther mentor in a very embarrassing position as regards the rest of the games of the year. Easterday is still far below par with a twisted shoulder he acquired in the battle against Penn. Miller, it will be remembered, had his old bad leg broken two years ago against the Indians, and Saturday the same leg got another injury that may result in his permanent loss to the squad. McClelland, the other strong varsity quarter, is likewise in bad condition, due to the fracture of one of the bones in his foot."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Ralph Davis of The Pittsburg Press updated the Panther lineup: "Pitt lines up today with a weakened team. Capt . Carlson is out of it, and several of the backfield men are in bad shape, so that they may not last through the battle. It was planned to start Harrington and Ray Allshouse at the ends, though it was figured that Henry, the little 135-pound lad, would get a chance at one of the extremities before the battle was very old."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Richard Guy of The Gazette Times summed up the game thusly: "The University of Pittsburgh was four touchdowns better than Carnegie Institute of Technology in their annual football match yesterday afternoon at Forbes Field. The Panther won 27 to 0, Skip Gougler missing one try at goal, following a touchdown, the third one which came in the third period. Students, alumni and the general public composed the throng which enjoyed the spirited play of the contestants and the exuberant spirit of the cheering factions. But there was such a disparity in physical prowess in favor of the Panther that the Skibo men were outplayed from the start but not broken in spirit."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
In the first period, the Pitt offense advanced the ball to the 4-yard line, "where McCarter went around left end for a touchdown. Gougler kicked the goal. Score, Pitt 7, Tech 0." The second period score came after an intercepted pass by McClelland on the Pitt 34-yard line. The Pitt offensive machine methodically worked the ball to Tech's 2-yard line and "McLaren failed by inches to carry it over but on the next try Gougler carried through the line for a touchdown and immediately kicked goal. Score, Pitt 14, Tech 0."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Late in the third quarter Pitt gained possession on their own 40-yard line. Seven plays later Pitt was on Tech's 3-yard line, "McLaren going over for a touchdown on the next play. Gougler failed at goal. Score, Pitt 20, Tech 0." Early in the final quarter Pitt gained possession on their 45-yard line and in three plays it was first down on the Tech 45-yard line. "On the very next play Easterday rounded left end for a 40-yard run being stopped on the Tech 5-yard line. Mclaren made a yard at right tackle and Easterday on the next play went over the line for the touchdown. Gougler kicked the goal. Score, Pitt 27, Tech 0."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
"Red Carlson, the Pitt captain, who has been in every game Pitt has played the past four years up to yesterday, or since he entered the university from Bellefonte Academy, played a short while yesterday just to keep his record intact. The Pitt students cheered him."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Pitt lineup for the game against Carnegie Tech was William Harrington (left end), I. R. Pearlman (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard). Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), Ray Allshouse (right end), William McClelland (quarterback), Roscoe Goughler (left halfback), Harry McCarter (right halfback), and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Henry, H. Clifford Carlson, Leland Stanford and Roy Easterday. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
On November 29, third year coach Dick Harlow brought his 5—3 Penn State Lions to Forbes Field for the annual Thanksgiving Day scuffle with the Pitt Panthers. The Lions had lost to Lehigh, Wash-Jeff, and Dartmouth. Penn State lost 16 of their top 18 players to the war effort. "The state team today is made up of substitutes and last year's freshmen players. And a very worthy eleven it is, well coached, fast, and resourceful. But lacking the seasoning and strength that a squad must have if it is going to take the scalp of the Panthers, even though the Panthers, too, have given of their stars to the greater game 'over the water'."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Coach Warner spoke to The Pittsburgh Post: "We should beat State this afternoon, but I don't look for an easy game. My problem this year has been to bring about the proper mental attitude on the part of the team. Any team that hasn't been beaten for three years gets lethargic at times. I believe the boys all realize they have a battle on their hands today, however, and will fight as they did against W. & J.  Captain Carlson's absence from the game is regrettable, but I figure that young Allshouse will look after that position all right. Our people who have seen State play say they are dangerous."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
R. H. Smith, Graduate Manager, Penn State College countered: "The State team is going into the game determined to fight to the last ditch. That is the way all State teams do. The 'dope' may be against us, but that doesn't mean we are sure losers. We aren't going in there with the idea of keeping down the score. We are going in TO WIN. Pitt will know before the game is over that she is up against a real football team."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The 1919 Owl recap was succinct: "For the fifth successive time the Varsity vanquished Penn State in the Annual Thanksgiving Day contest at Forbes Field. The score of 28—6 about shows the strength of the two teams."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Richard Guy of The Pittsburgh Gazette Times gave credit to the Penn State Lions:  "The Pitt Panther still reigns supreme in Eastern collegiate football, for yesterday at Forbes Field in the presence of 20,000 spectators, it defeated a well-prepared team which Coach Dick Harlow brought here from Penn State, by the score of 28 to 6. The Panther did not expect such a fight as the Blue and White warriors gave them yesterday."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Philadelphia Inquirer agreed: "Pennsylvania State College was defeated this afternoon by the University of Pittsburgh in their annual football contest at Forbes Field, 28 to 6. The game was far more closely contested and hard fought than the score would indicate. Using a spread formation, the Penn State backfield men worked a variety of plays that kept the Pitt men on the defense all through the second and third periods."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Pitt received the opening kickoff and advanced the ball from their 22-yard line to the 7-yard line of Penn State in less than four minutes. "McLaren plunged and got two yards through right guard. McCarter carried the ball on the next play and after apparently being stopped, lugged the pigskin over for a touchdown. Sies kicked goal from the 16-yard line. Score: Pitt 7, Penn State 0." Later in the quarter, the Pitt offense started another sustained drive from their 22-yard line. Four first downs brought the ball to the Penn State 34-yard line. "McLaren hit right tackle for two.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
On the next play, Easterday took a double pass from McLaren and forward-passed to Gougler, who made the catch on the 10-yard line and ran to the three before he was tackled. From this point his own momentum carried him over the goal line on the slippery sod. It was more like a slide into second base than the scoring of a touchdown."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Penn State gained possession on its 35-yard line early in the second quarter. "Harry Robb, ...turned a flank and ran to the Pitt 32-yard line. There followed a jab or so at the line and a triple pass, Gross to Robb to Conover, resulted in the ball lodging on the Pitt 20-yard line. There ensued another shift formation. Then a direct pass went to Gross, who double-passed to Robb. Standing still and with Pitt men flocking about him, Robb very coolly projected the ball over the heads of his enemy to Conover on the five-yard line.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
There was nobody near the end, and Conover stepped out the remaining five yards without any trouble. Conover failed at goal." The Pitt offense then advanced the ball to the Penn State 7-yard line but lost the ball "when a pass was grounded behind the goal line." Halftime score: Pitt 14 to Penn State 6.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
"The third quarter saw State using the same tactics, but Pitt gradually spoiling the effectiveness of the open play. In the final quarter Pitt got started again and tallied two more touchdowns, completely smothering the State offense and defense. Statistics show that Pitt gained 495 yards to State's 156 and that 20 first downs were made to 9 for State." Final score: Pitt 28 to Penn State 6.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Pitt lineup for the game against Penn State was William Harrington (left end), I. R. Pearlman (left tackle), John Sutherland (left guard), Edward Stahl (center), Dale Sies (right guard), Fred Seidel (right tackle), Ray Allshouse (right end), William McClelland (quarterback), Harry McCarter (left halfback), Roy Easterday (right halfback) and George McLaren (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Fred Henry, H. Clifford Carlson, Roscoe Gougler, Clyde Mitchell, William Miller, and Vance Allshouse. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Camp Lee
"The 1917 football season passes into history today, and as an attractive get-away event the patrons of the great college sport in Western Pennsylvania can avail themselves of a game out of the ordinary at Forbes Field. The All-Star team from the Three Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, Camp Lee will play the Pitt Panther, starting at 2:30 o'clock." "The student senate met and unanimously agreed that all students would buy a special ticket for the game rather than ask for admission on their regular student athletic books. The Pitt boys will also act as ushers, ticket takers, sellers and directors without charge. The entire organization of the University has been turned over to boost the game without a cent of expense to the soldier boys."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Camp Lee
"The Soldiers are here under the direction of Lieut. Miller of Company B. He is a former Yale center. He had his men at practice yesterday morning at Forbes Field, and all hands confidently expect to give the Panther a merry chase this afternoon."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Camp Lee
The Philadelphia Inquirer reported: "The University of Pittsburgh second string men easily defeated a team of ex-college stars, representing the 320th Infantry of Camp Lee at Forbes Field this afternoon 30 to 0. Pop Warner used only one man who started against Penn State on Thursday, (William) Harrington, who acted as captain of the team. (William) Miller, who alternated with (William) McClelland at quarterback during the season, was the only other regular in the game, and he directed the team play. Pitt scored five touchdowns and missed the try for goal after each of the scores."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Camp Lee
"(Robert) Penman, at fullback, was the star for Pitt, he scoring three touchdowns. (B.) Peters and (David) Pitler each scored one touchdown, this being the extent of Pitt's scoring. It must be said, however, that the soldier boys never gave up, and though doomed to defeat from the beginning they were as full of fight at the end as when the whistle first blew."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Camp Lee
"The attendance, however, was small, for the turnstiles registered the presence of exactly 3,433 persons. According to the official figured furnished by Graduate Manager Karl E. Davis last evening the receipts amounted to $4,752." After subtracting expenses, including a war tax on tickets, "those in charge of the soldier's fund last night received a check for $4,341, to be added to the sum which is being raised for the army camp."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Camp Lee
The Pitt lineup for the game against Camp Lee was Fred Henry (left end), Vance Allshouse (left tackle), W. J. Thomas (left guard), Thomas Kendrick and James McIntyre (center), Leland Stanford (right guard), Clyde Mitchell (right tackle), William Harrington (right end), William Miller (quarterback), David Pitler (left halfback), B. Peters and Carl Miksch (right halfback), and Robert Penman (fullback). The game was played in 12-minute quarters.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
"The season was an unqualified success, not a game was lost, and critics awarded the Eastern college championship to the team led by 'Red' Carlson. It was possibly not made up of as many star individual players as in previous years, but it had the 'punch' and the 'fight'. These two characteristics brought the Blue and Gold through victorious on several occasions when things looked shaky. Capt . Carlson proved to be an excellent leader and had the men with him all the time. The student support was splendid, with the newly uniformed band always in evidence."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
The football expert of the International News Service selected Pitt as the number two team in the nation behind Georgia Tech.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
"George McLaren, the sturdy fullback, was unanimously chosen captain of the University of Pittsburgh football team for next year at an informal dinner given the squad at the Schenley last evening. The men given letters were Carlson, McLaren, Stahl, Seidel, Easterday, R. Allshouse, V. Allshouse, Sies, Gougler, Miller, McClelland, Harrington, Henry, McCarter, Pearlman, Hilty and Sutherland."


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
Coach Warner summed up the season for The Pittsburg Press:


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
"The successful outcome of the University of Pittsburgh's 1917 football season was the result of co-operation, team work and harmony upon the team, the management and coaching staff. There has been no friction, no jealousy and, so far as I know, no knocking by anyone connected with athletics in the university, and the sporting writers and the newspapers have been boosters all through the season. As head coach, I desire to thank the players, the managers, my able assistants on the field, the athletic committee and the newspapers for the help they have given me and the team.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
Such co-operation, harmony and team work upon the part of all interested in the success of athletics as we have had during the past few years is bound, if continued in the future, to keep the university athletic teams up near the top.


1917 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
That we had a great squad of players last year is proven by the fact that in spite of the loss of a very large proportion of our first and second string players and the best men on the freshman team on account of the war, we still had enough left to form a team that compared very favorably with that of last year."


1917 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1917 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 36th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 31st in the National League. The Pirates finished eighth and last in the league standings with a record of 51–103.


1917 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Pittsburgh mayoral election
The 1917 Pittsburgh mayoral election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1917. Edward V. Babcock was elected over William A. Magee in a nonpartisan election.


1917 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Primary election
The 1917 contest was conducted under a nonpartisan election law that eliminated party labels from ballots and replaced party primaries with a single nonpartisan blanket primary. This law, enacted prior to the 1913 election, remained in effect until it was repealed prior to the 1921 race.


1917 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Primary election
Incumbent mayor Joseph G. Armstrong was ineligible for re-election owing to a law then in force preventing mayors from serving consecutive terms. Former mayor William A. Magee, who was similarly barred from succeeding himself in 1913, sought the office again in 1917. His main opponents were lumber magnate and former city councilman Edward V. Babcock and city council president Dr. James P. Kerr.


1917 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Primary election
The primary vote was as follows: Babcock, 31,138; Magee, 25,925; and Kerr, 16,620; with a small number of votes going to five other candidates.


1917 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Final election
A final election round was held between the top two finishers in the primary, with Babcock beating Magee by 4,555 votes. Kerr and socialist Albert R. Jerling received a smattering of write-in votes.


1917 Potato riots
The Potato riots in June–July 1917 was a popular uprising in the Dutch capital city Amsterdam that was caused by the food shortage in the Netherlands during World War I.


1917 Potato riots, History
In the beginning of the 20th century food was more within the reach of the workers. The First World War changed this. The Netherlands was a neutral country, but experienced discomfort and hard circumstances. Imports and exports of goods stagnated. Bread and other food was rationed and soup kitchens sprang up. A bread ration was established in January 1917. On 28 June 1917, there was a shortage of potatoes. It became known in the neighborhoods of Amsterdam that there was a ship with potatoes in the Prinsengracht, but these were for the army. In order to feed their families, the working women of the Eastern Islands and the Czar Peter Neighborhood plundered the ship. According to the Councillor Josephus Jitta, there was no overall shortage of food as the workers had an extra supply of rice provided.


1917 Potato riots, History, Rebellion
In the first week of July of that year, the unrest grew and the workers themselves also saw action. Warehouses and shops were looted. The police were powerless and the army acted. The revolt culminated in a battle on 5 July 1917, in which soldiers opened fire on a crowd that had gathered at the Haarlemmerplein. The revolt was beaten. There were nine dead and 114 people wounded.


1917 Potato riots, Post 1917 food shortages
The food situation deteriorated further in the last year of the war 1918. Many people lived on the brink of starvation and unemployment rose. The Spanish flu epidemic hit and killed thousands of people, weakened as they were by starvation. The armistice on 11 November 1918, came just in time for the Netherlands. For the workers another winter of hunger and cold was prevented, as well as an impending revolution.


1917 Presbyterian Blue Hose football team
The 1917 Presbyterian Blue Hose football team represented Presbyterian College during the 1917 college football season. The Blue Hose's team captain was D. M. Fulton.


1917 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1917 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1917 college football season. The team finished with a 2–0 record under first-year head coach Keene Fitzpatrick, outscoring opponents by a total of 50 to 0 in games against Fort Dix and Wissahickon Barracks. No Princeton players were selected as first-team honorees on the 1917 College Football All-America Team.


1917 Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prizes were first presented in 1917. There were initially four categories; others that had been specified in Joseph Pulitzer's request were phased in over the next few years. The winners were selected by the trustees of Columbia University. The first Pulitzer Prize winner, French Ambassador Jean Jules Jusserand, who had written the best book about American history, won $2,000. Herbert Bayard Swope won a $1,000 prize for reporting.


1917 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1917 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1917 college football season. In their second season under head coach Cleo A. O'Donnell, the Boilermakers compiled a 3–4 record, finished in last place in the Big Ten Conference with an 0–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 109 to 95. W. J. Berns was the team captain.


1917 Rhode Island State Rams football team
The 1917 Rhode Island State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In its third and final year under head coach James A. Baldwin, the team compiled a 2–4–2 record.


1917 Rice Owls football team
The 1917 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1917 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Philip Arbuckle, the team compiled a 7–1 record (1–1 against SWC opponents), and outscored opponents by a total of 228 to 55.


1917 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1917 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as a member of the Eastern Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (EVIAA) and the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) during the 1917 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Frank Dobson, Richmond finished the season 4–2–1 overall, 4–1–1 in EVIAA play, and 2–1 against SAIAA opponents.


1917 Rock Island Independents season
The 1917 Rock Island Independents season resulted in the team posting a 7–3 record.


1917 Rose Bowl
The 1917 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a college football bowl game on Monday, January 1, 1917. It was the third Rose Bowl Game, and matched the Oregon Webfoots and the Penn Quakers. It was played at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California, a suburb northeast of Los Angeles.


1917 Rose Bowl
Scoreless at halftime, Oregon scored a touchdown in each of the final two quarters and won 14–0. Oregon team captain John Beckett was named the Player of the Game when the award was created in 1953, with selections made retroactively. This shutout win was Oregon's sole Rose Bowl victory for 95 years, until January 2012; they made appearances in 1920, 1958, 1995, and 2010, and won again in 2015 and 2020. This was Penn's only appearance; other Ivy League teams at the Rose Bowl were Harvard in 1920 and Columbia in 1934, both winners.


1917 Rose Bowl
Oregon and Washington were both unbeaten in the new Pacific Coast Conference that year, and tied in their head-to-head meeting. Oregon was invited to participate in the Tournament of Roses game prior to their final game, despite the fact that Washington had one more conference win than Oregon, having beaten California twice. On the basis of the extra victory, Washington is credited with having won the conference that year.


1917 Rose Bowl, Game summary
Oregon was led by the two Huntington brothers, Shy and Hollis. Following a scoreless first half, the Webfoots scored on a 15-yard pass in the 3rd quarter from Shy Huntington to Lloyd Tegert. Oregon scored again in the 4th quarter on a 1-yard run from Shy to lead the Webfoots to a 14–0 upset win. Shy Huntington also had three interceptions in the game. Oregon captain John Beckett was named MVP of the game.


1917 Rose Bowl, Game notes
Attendance was swelled to 25,000 when the Pasadena Tournament of Roses put up temporary grandstand seating.


1917 Rossendale by-election
The Rossendale by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale on 13 February 1917.


1917 Rossendale by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP, Lewis Harcourt as the first Viscount Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire. Harcourt had himself been elected as MP for Rossendale in a by-election in 1904.


1917 Rossendale by-election, Candidates
The Rossendale Liberal Council selected as their candidate Sir John Maden. Maden had been the local MP from 1892 until 1900 when he stood down. Maden was the current mayor of Bacup and a cotton manufacturer by trade. The Unionists being partners in the wartime coalition government of David Lloyd George did not oppose Maden but an organisation called the British Citizen Party indicated they would stand a candidate in the election.


1917 Rossendale by-election, Candidates
In the end at a special meeting of Socialists and representatives of organised labour at Waterfoot, Lancashire it was agreed to run a Labour candidate on a peace ticket. The meeting chose Albert Taylor, the secretary of the Rossendale Union of Boot, Shoe and Slipper Operatives. Taylor was a conscientious objector but had been exempted from combatant service on condition he agree to undertake other work of national importance. He declined to do this.


1917 Rossendale by-election, Issues
There were no domestic or local issues of any importance in the by-election. Maden had stated publicly that he would not raise any such questions, saying that personal opinions on ‘minor matters’ had no place on the hustings and that he stood simply on the platform of supporting the present, or any other government, which worked to bring the war to a successful conclusion. He did hold a public meeting in Bacup on 10 February 1917 but the centre piece of the event was his reading a telegram from H H Asquith supporting his candidacy as part of a united front to win the war.


1917 Rossendale by-election, Issues
Taylor stood as a peace party candidate. His description in the press was ‘Peace by Negotiation’ candidate. However on 30 January 1917 he was fined £2 for refusing to do non-combatant military service and was detained. This did not prevent his nomination as a candidate  but it did mean he was unable to campaign in the by-election, being in the custody of the military authorities.


1917 Rossendale by-election, The result
Maden was re-elected as Liberal MP for Rossendale in support of the government coalition with a comfortable majority over Taylor. Coincidentally, the election was 17 years to the day from the by-election caused by his previous resignation.


1917 Rotherham by-election
The Rotherham by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Rotherham in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 5 February 1917.


1917 Rotherham by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP, Joseph ‘Jack’ Pease.


1917 Rotherham by-election, Candidates
The Rotherham Liberals adopted Arthur Richardson as their new candidate. Richardson had been Lib-Lab MP for Nottingham South from 1906 until January 1910. Richardson immediately declared his position as being in favour of the successful prosecution of the war and the defeat of German militarism.


1917 Rotherham by-election, Candidates
No nominations were received from the other parties, who were apparently content to honour the wartime electoral truce and Richardson was therefore returned unopposed.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election
Elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly were held on 25 November 1917, although some districts had polling on alternate days, around two months after they were originally meant to occur, having been organized as a result of events in the Russian Revolution of 1917. They are generally recognised to be the first free elections in Russian history.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election
Various academic studies have given alternative results. However, all clearly indicate that the Bolsheviks were clear winners in the urban centres, and also took around two-thirds of the votes of soldiers on the Western Front. Nevertheless, the Socialist-Revolutionary party topped the polls on the strength of support from the country's rural peasantry, who were for the most part one-issue voters, that issue being land reform.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Background
The demand for a Constituent Assembly was a long-standing demand of the democratic and popular movements in Tsarist Russia. In the later phase of the February Revolution, Tsar Nicolas II abdicated on March 2, 1917. The Russian Provisional Government was formed and pledged to carry through with holding elections for a Constituent Assembly. Consensus emerged between all major political parties to go ahead with the election. Nevertheless, the various political parties were divided over many details on the organization of the impending election. The Bolsheviks demanded immediate elections, whilst the Socialist-Revolutionaries wanted to postpone the vote for several months for it not to collide with the harvest season. Right-wing forces also pushed for delay of the election.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Background
On March 19, 1917 a mass rally was held in Petrograd, demanding female suffrage. The march gathered some 40,000 participants. The protest was led by Vera Figner and Poliksena Shishkina-Iavein. It moved from the Petrograd City Duma to the Tauride Palace, and the demonstrators refused to vacate the palace grounds before the Provisional Government and the Soviet committed to female suffrage. On July 20, 1917, the Provisional Government issued a decree awarding voting rights for women aged 20 years and above.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Background
In May the political parties agreed on main principles of the election (proportional representation, universal suffrage and secret ballot). A special electoral commission was set up, composed of multiple lawyers and legal experts. The following month September 17, 1917 was set as the election date. The new Constituent Assembly was supposed to have its first meeting on September 30, 1917.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Background
In July the left-wing parties increased their pressure on the Provisional Government, reaching a nearly insurrectionist situation. In the end, the following month the left consented to a further postponement. On August 9, 1917 a new date for the election was set by the Provisional Government: voting on November 12 and the first session of the Constituent Assembly would be held on November 28, 1917.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Background
Between the finalization of candidate lists and the election, the October Revolution broke out. The October Revolution ended the reign of the Provisional Government. A new Soviet government took charge of the country, the Council of People's Commissars. Nevertheless, the new government pledged to go ahead with the election and that its rule remained provisional until its authority would be confirmed by the Constituent Assembly.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
81 electoral districts (okrugs) were formed by the Provisional Government. Electoral districts were generally set up on (pre-revolutionary) governorate or ethnic oblast boundaries. Moreover, there were electoral districts for the different army groups and fleets. There were also an electoral district assigned for the workers at the Chinese Eastern Railroad and one electoral district for the soldiers of the Russian Expeditionary Corps in France and the Balkans (with some 20,000 voters).


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
No official electoral census exists. The estimated population of eligible voters at the time (excluding occupied territories) has been estimated at around 85 million; the number of eligible voters in the districts where polling took place has been estimated at around 80 million.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
Each party had a separate ballot with a list with names of candidates, there was no general ballot. The voter would either have received copies of different party lists in advance or at the polling station. The voter would select one list, place it in an envelope, seal it and place it in the box. If any name was scratched, the vote would be invalid.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Voting
The voting began on November 12–14, 1917. The election was at the time the largest election organized in history. However, only in 39 districts did the election take place as scheduled. In many districts the voting occurred in late November or early December, and in some remote places the vote took place only in early January 1918.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Voting
In spite of war and turmoil, some 47 million voters exercised their franchise, with a national voter turnout of around 64% (per Protasov (2004)). According to Protasov (2004), the countryside generally had a higher voter turnout than the cities. 220 cities across the country, with a combined population of seven million, had a voter turnout of 58%. In agrarian provinces turnout generally ranged from 62 to 80%. In Tambov province urban areas had a turnout of 50.2% while rural areas had 74.5%. According to Radkey (1989) national voter turnout stood at around 55%.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
The Socialist-Revolutionaries emerged as the most voted party in the election, swaying the broad majority of the peasant vote. However, the agrarian programmes of the SR and Bolshevik parties were largely similar. But the peasantry was more confident with the SRs, as they knew the party from before. The Bolsheviks lacked an organizational presence in many rural areas. In areas where the Bolshevik electoral campaign had been active (for example, near to towns or garrisons) the peasant vote was somewhat evenly divided between SRs and Bolsheviks.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
Moreover, whilst the SRs enjoyed widespread support among the peasantry, the party lacked a strong organizational structure in rural areas. The party was highly dependent on peasant union, zemstvos, cooperatives and soviets.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
On the issue of war and peace, the SR leadership had vowed not to enter into a separate peace with the Central Powers. The SR leadership condemned the peace talks initiated by the Bolsheviks, but to what extent the SR leadership was prepared to continue to the war was unclear at the time. Along with the Mensheviks, the SRs supported the notion of engaging with other European socialist politicians to find a settlement to the ongoing World War.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
The filing of nominations for the election took place just as the split in the SR party was taking place. By late October, when the SR party lists were already set, the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries formed a separate party. But whilst by the time of the election the Left SRs had constituted a separate party, the split was not completed in local SR party branches until early 1918. The Kazan, Yaroslavl, Kazan and Kronstadt SR organizations went over to the Left SRs en bloc. In Ufa and Pskov the majority in the SR party organization crossed over to the Left SRs.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
In Petrograd the leftist faction had dominated the SR party branch prior to the October Revolution, but elsewhere the majority in the party organizations remained with the PSR. Notably in some of the locations leftist and rights SR lists were separately presented (Baltic Fleet, Petrograd, Kazan), the leftists prevailed over the rightists, leading D'Agostino (2011) to argue that had separate right/left SRs lists been presented nationwide the peasantry could have opted for the left (considering that there were no major difference between the factions on their agrarian programmes).


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
A key Bolshevik argument against the legitimacy of the Constituent Assembly once it was elected was the fact that the lists had been finalized before the Left SRs constituted themselves as a separate party, and that if the Left SRs had stood separately the Bolshevik and Left SR would have won the majority vote. This was despite the Left SR's eventual opposition to the closure of the Constituent Assembly by the Bolsheviks. Per Serge's account, 40 of 339 elected SR deputies were leftists and 50 belong to Chernov's centrist faction.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Socialist-Revolutionaries
Smith points out that though the association with Soviet power strengthened the PLSR popularity in the countryside, the schism did not transform the PLSR overnight into a large and well-organized political party, and during the following months of 1918 the PSR managed to regain control over some of the soviets and local branches it lost to the left.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
In 1917 the Central Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) had begun to allow mass membership, without consulting with Lenin. On July 1, 1917 the Central Committee sent out an instruction to local party organizations to build a broad democratic unity ahead of the elections, to reach out to Menshevik-Internationalists, left-wing SRs and trade unions.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
In the wake of the abortive July uprising (organized by the revolutionary Petrograd Bolshevik Committee and the Military Organization), the moderates of the Central Committee again appealed to build a left socialist bloc and invited the Menshevik-Internationalists to attend the upcoming party congress as observers. With the election finally approaching, Lenin took a tough stance towards the Central Committee. He deplored the absence of proletarians from the list of proposed candidates that the Central Committee had adopted, charging the Committee with opening the doors for opportunists. In Lenin's view, only workers would be able to create alliances with the peasantry.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
Lenin also criticised the list for including many recent arrivals to the party who had not yet been tested in "proletarian work in our Party's spirit." While Lenin believed that some new members of the Bolsheviks, in particular Leon Trotsky (who had fought for the merger of his Mezhraiontsy faction into the Bolshevik Party since his return to Russia and had "proved himself equal to the task and a loyal supporter of the party of the revolutionary proletariat"), were acceptable candidates, placing large numbers of untested new members on the Bolshevik ballot opened the party's doors to careerism.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) campaigned for bread, peace and a government of Soviets. But the party leadership was divided on the issue of the Constituent Assembly. The moderates in the Central Committee held the opinion that the Constituent Assembly should become the supreme body to decide the future path of Russia. Lenin opposed this line. In an article edited after the elections, he stated that the proletariat cannot achieve victory if it does not win the majority of the population to its side.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
But to limit that winning to polling a majority of votes in an election under the rule of the bourgeoisie, or to make it the condition for it, is crass stupidity, or else sheer deception of the workers. In order to win the majority of the population to its side the proletariat must, in the first place, overthrow the bourgeoisie and seize state power; secondly, it must introduce Soviet power and completely smash the old state apparatus, whereby it immediately undermines the rule, prestige and influence of the bourgeoisie and petty-bourgeois compromisers over the non-proletarian working people. Thirdly, it must entirely destroy the influence of the bourgeoisie and petty-bourgeois compromisers over the majority of the non-proletarian masses by satisfying their economic needs in a revolutionary way at the expense of the exploiters.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
The party emerged victorious in the two main cities; Petrograd and Moscow, and emerged the major party in urban Russia overall. It won an absolute majority of votes in the Baltic Fleet, the Northern Front and the Western Front. The call for immediate peace made the Bolsheviks popular in the military, winning around 42% of the votes from the armed forces.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Bolsheviks
Often the election result is portrayed as an indicator for impopularity of the Bolsheviks, but as per Victor Serge the strong showing of the Bolshevik vote in the main cities 18 days after the October Revolution broke out shows that there was a popular mandate from the industrial workers for the Revolution.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Mensheviks
By the time of the election, the Mensheviks had lost most of their influence in the workers' soviets. The election result confirmed the marginalization of the Mensheviks, obtaining a little over a million votes. In a fifth of the constituencies, pro-war Mensheviks and Internationalists ran on competing slates and in Petrograd and Kharkov the defencists had set up their own local organizations. Nearly half of the Menshevik vote came from Georgia.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Kadets
The Kadet party had changed its name to 'People's Freedom Party' by 1917, but the new name was rarely used. Kadets campaigned for national unity, law and order, honour commitments to the allies of Russia and 'honorable peace'. The Kadets condemned Bolsheviks in election campaign. The Kadets had sought to build a broad democratic coalition, setting up a liaison committee for alliances (Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, Andrei Ivanovich Shingarev and M. S. Adzhemov) but this effort failed as the Popular Socialists and cooperative movement rejected electoral pacts with the Kadets.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Kadets
Whilst the Kadets emerged as the main losers in the election, they did take a sizable share of the votes in the largest cities. However the Kadets were hurt by abstention amongst urban intelligentsia voters. They had also lost a large share of their habitual Jewish intelligentsia vote to Jewish national coalition lists.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Popular Socialists
The congress of the Popular Socialists, held on September 26, 1917, rejected the notion of an electoral alliance with the Kadets. The party congress ordered that joint lists would only be organized with fellow socialist groups. The Popular Socialists condemned Bolsheviks in their campaigning, whilst stressing the defencist line of their own party.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, Cooperative movement
The cooperative societies held an emergency congress on October 4, 1917, at which it was decided that they would contest the Constituent Assembly elections directly. The congress discarded the notion of electoral pacts with non-socialist groups. In the Petrograd election district, the list of cooperative candidates included only one notable figure, Alexander Chayanov. The other six candidates were largely unknown.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
Most non-Russian voters opted for national minority parties. In the case of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party dominated the 4 electoral districts of the Ukrainian peasantry. Non -Ukrainian urban populations largely voted for Russian parties. In Kiev city the Ukrainian parties obtained 26% of the vote. Over half a million soldiers and officers in the army and navy voted for Ukrainian parties supporting the Central Rada, making the Ukrainians the third force among military voters.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
However, in Belorussia, Belorussian nationalist groups gathered less than 1% of the votes. In Transcaucasus the vote was divided between Georgians (voting for Mensheviks), Armenians (voting for the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, also known as Dashnaksiun) and Azeris (voting for Musavat and other Muslim groups). Tatar and Bashkir lists gathered 55% of the votes in Ufa.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
In July 1917 the First All-Kazakh Congress was held, establishing the Alash Party as a national political party. The party called for the 'liberation of the Kazakh people from colonial yoke'. Ahead of the election, party committees were formed in Semipalatinsk, Omsk, Akmolinsk and Uralsk. In the Semirechie, Syr-Darya and Horde electoral districts Alash did not field lists of their own, but placed candidates of other Muslim lists. Four days ahead of the vote the newspaper Qazaq published the Alash programme, including a call for a democratic federal republic with equality of nationalities.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
In 14 electoral districts, 2 or more Jewish lists were in the fray. In Zhitomir, 5 out of 13 parties contesting were Jewish. In Gomel 4 out of 11 parties were Jewish, in Poltava 5 out of 14. Some 80% of the votes cast for Jewish parties went to Jewish national coalition lists. The Folkspartey was the most enthusiastic proponent of Jewish national coalition lists. These coalitions, generally contesting under titles such as 'Jewish National Bloc' or 'Jewish National Election Committee' also gathered Zionists and Orthodox Jews.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
The candidates on these lists had vowed to form a common bloc in the Constituent Assembly and implement decisions of the All-Russian Jewish Congress. The Jewish national lists were confronted by the various Jewish socialist parties; the General Jewish Labour Bund, the Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion) and the United Jewish Socialist Workers Party (Fareynikte). The Bund carried out 200 electoral meetings in White Russia (with a total attendance of about 127,000), and in the Ukraine the party held 2-3 electoral meetings weekly. In Odessa confrontations between socialist and non-socialist Jewish parties led to physical violence.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
Jewish national lists elected Iu. D. Brutskus, A.M. Goldstein, the Moscow rabbi Yaakov Mazeh. V. I. Temkin, D. M. Kogan-Bernsthein, N. S. Syrkin and O. O. Gruzenberg (who was then close to Zionist circles). David Lvovich was elected on SR-Fareynikte list and the Bundist G.I. Lure was elected on a Menshevik-Bund list.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Competing parties, National minorities
The Buryat National Committee had previously been linked to the SRs, but ahead of the election relation was broken. Buryat SRs were not given prominent places on candidate lists, and the Buryat National Committee ended up contesting on its own.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Results, Svyatitsky and Lenin
There are various different accounts of the election result, with varying numbers. Many accounts on the election result originate from N. V. Svyatitsky's account, who was himself elected as an SR deputy to the Constituent Assembly. His article was included in the one-year anniversary symposium of the Russian Revolution organized by the SR party (Moscow, Zemlya i Volya Publishers, 1918). Lenin (1919) describes Svyatitsky's account as extremely interesting. It presented results from 54 electoral districts, covering most of European Russia and Siberia.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Results, Svyatitsky and Lenin
Notably is lacked details from the Olonets, Estonian, Kaluga, Bessarabian, Podolsk, Orenburg, Yakutsk, Don governorates, as well as Transcaucasus. All in all, Svyatitsky's account includes 36,257,960 votes. According to Lenin, the actual number from said 54 electoral districts was 36,262,560 votes. But Lenin reaffirms that between Svyatitisky's article and his account, the number of votes cast by party is largely identical.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Results, Radkey and Spirin
More recent studies often use Svyatitsky's 1918 account as their starting point for further elaboration. L. M. Spirin (1987) uses local newspapers and Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian archival holdings to supplement Svyatitsky, whereas U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey predominately uses local newspapers as sources. According to Rabinovitch (2016), Spirin's account is the most complete. According to Arato (2017), U.S. scholar Radkey is the most serious historian on the 1917 election.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Results, Radkey and Spirin
Radkey uses a number of uses broad categories in presenting the result party-wise: SRs (sometimes distinguished between left/right), Bolsheviks, Mensheviks (sometimes divided between Menshevik-Internationalists and Right-wing pro-war Mensheviks), Other Socialists (with subcategories) Kadets, Special interests (including subcategories peasants, landowners, Cossacks, middle-class, others), Religious (Orthodox, Old Believers, others), Ukrainian (with subcategories), Turkic-Tatar (with subcategories), Other Nationalities (with subcategories).


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Results, Deputies elected
Protasov (2004) presents the party affiliation of 765 deputies elected from 73 electoral districts: 345 SRs, 47 Ukrainian SRs, 175 Bolsheviks, 17 Mensheviks, 7 Ukrainian Social Democrats, 14 Kadets, 2 Popular Socialists, another 32 Ukrainian socialists (possibly SRs or social democrats), 13 Muslim Socialists, 10 Dashnaks, 68 from other national parties, 16 Cossacks, 10 Christians and one clergyman. Another 55 deputies were supposed to have been elected from another 8 electoral districts. Of the over 700 deputies known by name, over 400 participated at first session and only session of the Constituent Assembly (240 of the assembled belonged to the SR bloc).


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Results, Deputies elected
Several prominent politicians had stood as candidates in multiple electoral districts. The Central Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) had named Lenin as their candidate in 5 districts: Petrograd City, Petrograd Province, Ufa, Baltic Fleet and Northern Front. Lenin was also nominated from Moscow City. On November 27 (December 10) the All-Russia Committee for Elections to the Constituent Assembly requested members of the Constituent Assembly who had been returned by several areas to present a written statement indicating the electoral district for which they accepted election. Having been elected by several areas, Lenin, too, presented such a statement. Lenin opted to represent the Baltic Fleet in the Constituent Assembly. In case an elected candidate didn't send in such a statement, the All-Russian Election Commission for the Constituent Assembly would consider the person elected from the district where he obtained the highest number of votes.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Ballots
A sheet with samples of the ballots of different parties contesting the Petrograd electoral district. The sheet had been distributed by the electoral authorities prior to the vote, urging voters to cut out their preferred ballot and bring it to the polling station. The ballots include the listing of names of candidates, with their addresses. The Bolshevik List (No. 2) is headed by Lenin, the Menshevik List (No. 3) is headed by Mikhail Liber. The Estonian List (No. 4) ballot is bilingual, with the candidate listing appearing in both Russian and Estonian (the latter written in Fraktur script).


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Ballots
Bolshevik ballot for Petrograd City. The list carries the title Central Committee of Military Organizations, Petrograd Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), Committee of the Social Democracy of Poland and Lithuania, Central Committee of the Social Democracy of Latvia. The list has 18 candidates, headed by Lenin, Zinoiev, Trotsky, Kamenev, Alexandra Kollontai and Stalin.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Ballots
Ballot of the Chernigov Committee of the Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion). The list was headed by Ber Borochov.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Ballots
The ballot of the Jewish National Electoral Committee in the Podolia electoral district. The ballot carries a star of David.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Ballots
Ballot of the All-Russian Women's Equal Rights League (List no. 7) in Petrograd City


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Kadet electoral poster, illustrating a mounted warrior confronting a monster. The monster represents anarchy, the mounted warrior democracy.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Poster issued by the Petrograd Commercial-Industrial Union, calling traders, producers and craftsmen to vote for the Kadet List 2


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Kadet election poster. A female horse-rider, carrying a sword and a shield with the word Svoboda ('Freedom').


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Kadet election poster, showing a woman in traditional garb. Work by Piotr Buchkin.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Bulletin issued by the Kadet Party branch in Harbin, campaigning for its candidate D. Horvath for the Chinese Eastern Railway seat


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Poster urging voters to only vote for Social Democrats, with reference to a List 4


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
Social Democratic election poster, illustrating a lighthouse sending out beacons. The list number is left vacant, allowing party branches in different parts of the country to adapt the poster with their local list number.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
A Russian-Yiddish Fareynikte (United Jewish Socialist Workers Party) poster, announcing an electoral campaign meeting


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Electoral campaign materials
A SR election poster, calling on Peasants, Workers and Soldiers to vote for the party. The slogan Earth and Will appears twice in the poster, and the letters SR figure on the bell.


1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Dissolution of Constituent Assembly by Bolsheviks
The All Russian Constituent Assembly (Всероссийское Учредительное собрание, Vserossiyskoye Uchreditelnoye sobraniye) convened for 13 hours, from 4 p.m. to 5 a.m., 18–19 January [O.S. 5–6 January] 1918, whereupon it was dissolved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, making the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets the new governing body of Russia.


1917 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1917 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach George "Sandy" Sanford, the Queensmen compiled a 7–1–1 record and outscored their opponents, 295 to 28. The team's wins included a 28–0 victory overFordham. The sole loss was to Syracuse by a 14–10 score. The tie was a 7–7 game with West Virginia.


1917 Rutgers Queensmen football team
Paul Robeson played at the end position for the 1917 and 1918 Rutgers teams, was selected by Frank G. Menke as a first-team All-American in both 1917 and 1918, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995. Coach Sanford was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971.


1917 SAPFL Grand Final
The 1917 SAPFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Port Adelaide Football Club and the West Torrens Football Club, held at Alberton Oval on Saturday 1 September 1917. It was the 2nd Grand Final of the South Australian Patriotic Football League, staged to determine the premiers of the 1917 SAPFL season. The match was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 16 points, marking that clubs second patriotic premiership victory.


1917 SAPFL Grand Final
The SAFL was opposed to the formation of the Patriotic League and refused to recognise it during and after World War I.


1917 SAPFL Grand Final, Teams
West Torrens made two late changes with Campbell and Marsh.


1917 SAPFL season
The 1917 SAPFL season was the 2nd season of the South Australian Patriotic Football League, a competition formed in the absence of the South Australian Football League during World War I. The SAFL was opposed to the formation of the Patriotic League and refused to recognise it during and after World War I.


1917 SAPFL season, Reflist
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1917 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1917 SMU Mustangs football team was an American football team that represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) during the 1917 college football season. In its first season under head coach J. Burton Rix, the team compiled a 3–2–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 74 to 49. The team played its home games at Armstrong Field in University Park, Texas.


1917 Sacramento Governor's Mansion bombing
The 1917 Sacramento Governor's Mansion bombing took place in the middle of the night on December 17, 1917 when 20 sticks of dynamite exploded near the rear porch of the Governor's Mansion just blocks from the Capitol Building.