1917 Bath riots, Background
During the same period, Thomas Calloway Lea Jr. was elected as the mayor of El Paso, Texas. Lea sent telegrams to U.S. Senators in Washington demanding a quarantine be put in place to stem the tide of "dirty lousey destitute Mexicans" who would spread typhus into El Paso. The Public Health Service Officer for El Paso, Dr. B. J. Lloyd, admitted there was little danger and opposed a quarantine, but suggested opening de-lousing plants. U.S. officials quickly adopted a policy of sanitizing Mexican immigrants at a disinfecting station in El Paso. The policy initially applied to all Mexicans entering the United States at El Paso, but soon spread to the Laredo–Nuevo Laredo crossing, and eventually along the entire U.S. Mexico border.


1917 Bath riots, Background
Men were separated from women and children into separate buildings, where they were stripped of all clothing and valuables. Most clothing and valuables were steamed. Other items which might be damaged by steam (like shoes, hats, or belts) were exposed to cyanogen gas. Attendants examined the nude people for lice. The officers conducting the strip searches were rumored to have photographed the nude women and shared the photos to others at bars. When lice were found on a man, the man's hair was clipped close to his head and the clippings were burned.


1917 Bath riots, Background
For a woman, the hair was doused in a mixture of vinegar and kerosene, wrapped in a towel, and left on the hair for at least 30 minutes. If lice were found on re-inspection, the process was repeated. Once attendants declared the lice test had been "passed", the naked people were gathered in a bathing area and sprayed with a liquid soap made of soap chips and kerosene oil. After collecting their sanitized clothing and dressing, migrants were evaluated by a foreman, vaccinated and given a certificate that they had completed the procedure. From the disinfecting area, migrants then entered the Immigration and Naturalization Service building for processing.


1917 Bath riots, Riot
Around 7:30 a.m. on January 28, 1917, the riot began when inspectors attempted to remove Mexican women from their trolley, which they were riding to work. Ordered to disembark and submit to the disinfection process, 17-year-old Carmelita Torres refused, having heard reports that nude women were being photographed while in the baths. Reports had also circulated that bathers might be set on fire, as had happened the previous year when gasoline baths at the El Paso City Jail had resulted in the death of 28 inmates when a cigarette ignited bathers.


1917 Bath riots, Riot
She requested permission to enter without submitting to bathing and was refused. She then demanded a refund of her fare and upon refusal of a refund convinced the other women on her cable car to protest. The women began shouting and hurling stones at health and immigration officials, sentries and civilians, who had gathered to watch the disturbance. The majority of the early protesters were young, domestic workers employed in homes in El Paso but as the crowd grew to several thousand a mixture of people became involved. Four trolleys which had made early morning runs to collect workers on the Juárez side were seized and did not return to the El Paso side until mid-afternoon.


1917 Bath riots, Riot
Around 10 o'clock, General Andrés G. García drove to the center of the bridge to try to quiet the mob and was only partially successful, as the mob tried to prevent his car from leaving the Mexican side. By the afternoon, when it was clear that those who had entered the baths were not being harmed, the crowds were finally dispersed by mounted soldiers on each side of the border. One cable car motorman and a mail coach driver were reported to have been beaten by rioters and several media movie makers were attacked. Despite rumors that someone had been shot, Mexican authorities denied the event and reported that no serious injuries resulted.


1917 Bath riots, Riot
On the 29th rioting continued, but this time, the majority of rioters were men. Newspapers reported that the men were taking advantage of the bath disturbance to protest the Carranza regime and voice support for his rival Pancho Villa. Juárez Police Chief Maximo Torres ordered all rioters arrested and the Mexican cavalry dispersed the rioters from the bridge. Business owners and households who were without laborers consulted with the Chamber of Commerce to resolve the issues promptly as most workers refused to come to work. Officials clarified that those who were not infected could be passed without having to bathe and that certificates were valid for a week.


1917 Bath riots, Riot
By January 30, precautionary measures taken by authorities on both sides of the border had quelled the rioting. Two men and one woman were arrested at the American side of the bridge for assaulting a customs officer and an infantryman, but no further violence was reported. Policemen from Juárez monitored the southern end of the bridge crossing, a Mexican health inspector Andrés García was present to maintain respectful treatment at the disinfection plant, and street car service between the two cities was suspended. Notices had been posted in Juárez to advise that the inspectors in El Paso would accept health certificates issued by Mexican health inspectors.


1917 Bath riots, Legacy
Though hailed by some as the "Latina Rosa Parks", Carmelita Torres was mostly forgotten and her actions had little lasting effect. The Immigration Act of 1917 passed just days after the riot and imposed barriers for Mexican laborers entering the United States. For the first time in history, workers were required to pass literacy tests, pay a head tax and were forbidden to perform contract labor. Business owners in the Southwest pressed Congress to exempt Mexican workers from contract labor restrictions and head taxes.


1917 Bath riots, Legacy
After the U.S. entered World War I businessmen were able to lift the 1917 immigration terms for Mexican workers and the exemption lasted until 1921. However, the bathing and fumigations, which later used insecticides and DDT, continued into the 1950s and in the 1920s, authorities at the Santa Fe Bridge fumigated the clothing of Mexicans crossing into the U.S. with Zyklon B, later used by the Nazis to exterminate prisoners in the concentration camps. A similar riot the following year was averted when prompt action by Mexican authorities intervened with American authorities. Reports of a typhus death in Juárez were denied by Mexicans and the port and trolleys were temporarily closed to prevent altercations.


1917 Bath riots, Legacy
In 2006, David Dorado Romo published Ringside Seat to a Revolution which brought the story back to the attention of the public and Chicano scholars. National Public Radio featured a story on the riots in 2006.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election
The 1917 Bay of Islands by-election was a by-election held on 19 March 1917 during the 19th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of Bay of Islands. The by-election came about because Vernon Reed's win in the 1914 general election had been declared void by an electoral court, and Reed barred from standing for a year. The seat was won by William Stewart, Reed's Reform Party colleague, in the resulting 1915 by-election. When Reed became eligible again, Stewart resigned and Reed won the 1917 by-election unopposed.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
Reed was first elected to the Bay of Islands electorate in the 1908 general election as a candidate of the Liberal Party. The 1911 election resulted in significant losses for the Liberal Party and Joseph Ward's government survived a no-confidence motion on the casting vote of the speaker only. Ward chose to resign, though, and made way for a new liberal Prime Minister, Thomas Mackenzie. Reed expected to be part of the new cabinet and the media discussed that he might be appointed Attorney-General due to his legal background. Reed was invited to cabinet, but he did not join because the majority of the cabinet did not support his views of freehold. When the Mackenzie government faced a no-confidence vote in July 1912, Reed voted with the opposition, thus effectively joining the Reform Party.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
Reed's switch to Reform caused problems in the 1914 election. George Wilkinson had been the Reform candidate in the Bay of Islands electorate in 1911, he was keen to represent Reform in that electorate in 1914, and he had the backing of the local electorate committee. Reed also wanted to run for Reform, and as he had the backing of the party head office, he was declared the official Reform candidate. Reed narrowly won the election against Te Rangi Hīroa of the Liberal Party, with Wilkinson coming third.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
Bill Veitch, at the time a United Labour Party MP in Wanganui, claimed that Wilkinson had been under immense pressure from the Reform Party not to contest the Bay of Islands election, and that William Massey had promised him a seat in the Legislative Council in return, an allegation later picked up by other media outlets but also implicating Reed in the affair.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
This complaint was elevated to a formal election petition in April 1915 by Waipapakauri resident Edward Evans and Edward Parsons of Waipuna on the Whangaroa Harbour, who engaged a King's Counsel, John Findlay, and a solicitor, Bill Endean, as their counsel. Reed used his brother John, also a King's Counsel, as his legal representative. The primary complaint was that Reed had, through an intermediary, tried to convince Wilkinson to retire by promising him a seat on the Legislative Council, and to reimburse him for his election campaign expenses.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
On 8 May 1915, the petition was upheld Justice Chapman and Justice Hosking, the election declared void, and Reed barred from standing in another election for one year. Since 1913, there have been over 100 by-elections held in New Zealand, and this was one of only five cases where a general election was declared void by the courts.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
1915, Stewart won the 8 June 1915 by-election against George Gardiner Menzies of the Liberal Party.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
The New Zealand Herald was the first newspaper to report on 5 March 1917 that Stewart had resigned; the effective resignation date is recorded as 2 March. The editor of the North Otago Times offered the following explanation:


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
Mr Stewart silently served in the House of Representatives as a sort of political warming pan for the Bay of Islands seat while Mr Vernon Reed, its former occupier as a supporter of the Reform Party, marked time during the period of his technical disqualification as a candidate at the 1914 election. Immediately that time was over, Mr Stewart resigned owing to pressure of private business.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
Stewart's explanation, however, was that he had made a hurried decision when he consented to standing in the 1915 by-election, and that soon after, he realised that he would have to give up his business if he wanted to effectively represent his constituency. Stewart maintained that he had intended to hand in his resignation several months earlier, but was persuaded to await the return of William Massey and Joseph Ward, who were in England to attend the Imperial War Conference.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
Massey and Ward left with their wives sometime after the 1916 session of Parliament finished on 8 August (newspapers had been instructed to not report their travel arrangements, but the news leaked out that they were travelling on the Rotorua via the Panama Canal), and they arrived in England in early October, expecting to leave again in November. But there were significant delays with the Imperial War Conference and in the end, it occurred from 21 March to 27 April 1917. As the next session of the New Zealand Parliament was expected to begin in June 1917, Stewart went ahead and handed in his resignation in early March, so that a new representative could be chosen before the session would begin, even though Massey and Ward were still in England.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Background
After the 1914 election, the Reform and Liberal parties had reluctantly entered into a wartime coalition. Part of the agreement was that in case of a by-election, the incumbent party would not be opposed by the other coalition party.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Result and aftermath
The writ was immediately issued when the resignation was announced, with a 10 March newspaper advertisement giving 19 March as the nomination date, and an election to be held on 29 March (if necessary). Reed announced his candidacy on the day the news of Stewart's resignation broke. Frank Herbert Phillips, who had been interpreter for the Legislative Council for many years, claimed to have received a strong requisition, but did not come forward as a candidate. Various chambers of commerce in Northland passed resolutions calling for the unopposed return of Reed to save the costs of a by-election. No other candidate coming forward, Reed was declared elected unopposed on nomination day.


1917 Bay of Islands by-election, Result and aftermath
One year later on 7 May 1918, Stewart was appointed to the Legislative Council. Reed remained the representative of the Bay of Islands electorate until he was defeated in the 1922 election.


1917 Baylor Bears football team
The 1917 Baylor Bears football team was an American football team that represented Baylor University as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1917 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Charles Mosley, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 221 to 41.


1917 Birthday Honours
The 1917 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published on 4 June and 19 June.


1917 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1917 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor
The King appointed the following to His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:.


1917 Bolivian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Bolivia on 6 May 1917, electing a new President of the Republic and two Vice Presidents.


1917 Boston Braves season
The 1917 Boston Braves season was the 47th season of the franchise. The Braves finished sixth in the National League with a record of 72 wins and 81 losses.


1917 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Boston College football team
The 1917 Boston College football team was an American football team that represented Boston College during the 1917 college football season.


1917 Boston Red Sox season
The 1917 Boston Red Sox season was the 17th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished second in the American League (AL) with a record of 90 wins and 62 losses, nine games behind the Chicago White Sox, who went on to win the 1917 World Series. The team played its home games at Fenway Park.


1917 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1917 occurred on Tuesday, December 18, 1917. Andrew James Peters, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, defeated incumbent Mayor of Boston James Michael Curley and two other candidates.


1917 Brooklyn Robins season
With World War I looming over the season, the 1917 Brooklyn Robins fell into 7th place.


1917 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Brown Bears football team
The 1917 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In its 16th season under head coach Eddie N. Robinson, Brown compiled an 8–2 and outscored opponents by a total of 160 to 62.


1917 Bucknell football team
The 1917 Bucknell football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach George Johnson, the team compiled a 3–5–1 record.


1917 Buffalo All-Stars season
The 1917 Buffalo All-Stars team (or just "All-Buffalo" as they were known in local papers) played in the New York Pro Football League and would go on to post a 4–6–2 record.


1917 Buffalo All-Stars season
Three of the losses came at the hands of either Ohio League and/or future National Football League teams from outside the state of New York.


1917 Buffalo All-Stars season
The highlight of the season included two indoor games played against the 74th Regiment, NYNG infantry football team at the 74th armory over Christmas week. The regiment, stationed at Camp Wadsworth in Spartanburg, SC, was home for the holidays. Proceeds of the two games were given to the soldiers to off-set travel expenses.


1917 Buffalo All-Stars season
Eugene F. Dooley played quarterback and also managed the team.


1917 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1917 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic School, now California Polytechnic State University, in the 1917 college football season. The team was led by D.W. Schlosser, in his third and final season, and were outscored 35–36 in their three games.


1917 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
Cal Poly did not field a team in 1918 due to the influenza pandemic; the team returned to play in 1919.


1917 Calgary municipal election
The 1917 Calgary municipal election took place on December 10, 1917 to elect a Mayor to a one year term and six Aldermen on a two year term, and three Aldermen for a one year term, to sit on the thirty-fourth Calgary City Council. In addition, a Commissioner, four members for the Public School Board, three members for the Separate School Board, three plebiscites on early closing and half holiday for businesses, payment for Aldermen, and Election of Commissioner for two years were on the ballot.


1917 Calgary municipal election
The nine elected Aldermen joined Aldermen John Sidney Arnold, Alexander McTaggart, and Isaac Gideon Ruttle who were previously elected to Calgary City Council for two-year terms in 1916.


1917 Calgary municipal election, Background
The 1917 municipal election was the first in Calgary with a system of Proportional Representation, under which city councillors were elected at-large using Single Transferable Voting (STV) and a single multiple-member district covering the whole city. This system is said to have produced the emergence and increased representation of neighbourhood or community-based political groups.


1917 Calgary municipal election, Background
Extension of voting franchise to all residents male or female who are British subjects 21 years of age who have been residents of the city for six months prior to June 1 of the year of a municipal election. This was the first election in Calgary under full franchise.


1917 Calgary municipal election, Background
Two one-year Alderman position was opened on Council following John William Mitchell and John Leslie Jennison resigned during their two year term. The six candidates with the most votes were elected to two year terms, while the next two highest candidates were elected to a single year term.


1917 Calgary municipal election, Background
Mayor Costello and Commissioner Graves were acclaimed upon the close of nominations on December 7, 1915.


1917 California Golden Bears football team
The 1917 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1917 college football season. In their second year under head coach Andy Smith, the team compiled a 5–5–1 record (2–1 against PCC opponents), finished in second place in the PCC, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 149 to 104.


1917 Cambridge by-election
The Cambridge by-election of 1917 was held on 25 July 1917. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Almeric Paget. It was won by the Conservative candidate Eric Geddes, who was coming in as First Lord of the Admiralty and who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.


1917 Camp Custer football team
The 1917 Camp Custer football team was an American football team made up of United States Army officers from the 85th Infantry Division stationed at Camp Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan. The Camp Custer officers played games against professional football teams (the Fort Wayne Friars and Detroit Heralds) as well as other service teams.


1917 Camp Custer football team
Harry Costello, who won All-Southern honors while playing for Georgetown, was the team's quarterback. The team's backfield also included former Michigan Agricultural College stars Blake Miller and Neno DaPrato. William Jennings Gardner was the captain.


1917 Camp Custer football team
Fielding H. Yost of Michigan coached the Camp Custer team in the week leading up to the game with Camp Grant. Amos Alonzo Stagg and Fred J. Murphy coached the Camp Custer team. Ring Lardner attended the Camp Grant game and wrote a column describing the spectacle.


1917 Camp Custer football team, Season overview, Game 5: Detroit Heralds
On November 11, Camp Custer defeated the Detroit Heralds, a professional football team starring Birtie Maher, Norb Sacksteder, Ray Whipple, Joe Windbiel, and Lou Usher, and that began playing in the National Football League in 1920. The game drew a crowd of close to 15,000 persons at Navin Field. Camp Custer won by a 13-0 score. Right end Thompson scored a touchdown in the second quarter, and quarterback Harry Costello drop-kicked two field goals. Walter Eckersall was the referee.


1917 Camp Devens football team
The 1917 Camp Devens football team was an American football team that represented the United States Army's 76th Infantry Division stationed at Camp Devens in Ayer, Massachusetts, during the 1917 fall football season.


1917 Camp Devens football team
The team had two players named to the 1917 All-Service football team: halfback Wayland Minot (Walter Camp, 1st team); and end C. A. Coolidge (Paul Purman, 1st team).


1917 Camp Dix football team
The 1917 Camp Dix football team represented the United States Army's Camp Dix located near Trenton, New Jersey, during the 1917 college football season. Quarterback Oscar "Ockie" Anderson, formerly of Colgate, was selected on November 22, 1917, as the team's captain.


1917 Camp Dix football team
Three Fort Dix players received honors on the 1917 All-Service football team: tackle Belford West (Walter Camp and Paul Purman, first teams); quarterback Anderson (Purman, first team; Camp, second team); and end Ellenberger (Camp, second team).


1917 Camp Dix football team
Before the formation of an all-cantonment team, various units within Fort Dix had also competed in football. For example, a team representing the 307th Field Artillery at Camp Dix played a game against Princeton on October 27. Princeton won by a 7–0 score. Teams representing individual regiments also competed in well-attended games.


1917 Camp Dix football team
The all-cantonment football team was organized in October with selection of players made through a "round robin elimination series" among 16 teams formed from the camp's athletes.


1917 Camp Funston football team
The 1917 Camp Funston football team represented the United States Army's 89th Infantry Division based at Camp Funston, Fort Riley, near Manhattan, Kansas, during the 1917 college football season. The team was coached by Paul Withington, who had been the head coach at Wisconsin in 1916.


1917 Camp Funston football team
The team's leading players included Potsy Clark and Adrian Lindsey.


1917 Camp Gordon football team
The 1917 Camp Gordon football team represented Camp Gordon near Augusta, Georgia, during the 1917 college football season.


1917 Camp Gordon football team
The team was led by a backfield of former Auburn back and war hero Kirk Newell, former Mercer back Cochran, former Georgia halfback Bob McWhorter, and former Vanderbilt back Wilson Collins. Former Alabama fullback Adrian Van de Graaff backed up Collins. Kid Woodruff of Georgia backed up Newell at quarterback.


1917 Camp Gordon football team
On the line, the teams ends were former Virginia player James L. White and former Auburn player Henry W. Robinson. VMI's Blandy Clarkson and Chicago's Royal were tackles. Dartmouth's Lewis and Charles H. Brown of Vanderbilt were guards. James Bond of Pitt was the team's center. Georgia's Tom Thrash was a sub tackle.


1917 Camp Gordon football team
Walter Camp Jr. officiated the Camp Hancock game. Oglethorpe's coach Frank B. Anderson was umpire.


1917 Camp Grant football team
The 1917 Camp Grant football team was an American football team that represented Camp Grant, located near Rockford, Illinois, during the 1917 fall football season. The team lost its game with Great Lakes Navy, but won its game against Camp Custer at Stagg Field in Chicago.


1917 Camp Grant football team
Amos Alonzo Stagg and Fred J. Murphy, the head coaches at Chicago and Northwestern, coached the Camp Grant team in the week leading up to their game with Camp Custer. Fielding H. Yost of Michigan helped coach the Camp Custer team. Stagg and Murphy were assisted by Lewis Omer and Major Gillesby. Ring Lardner attended Camp Grant's game with Camp Custer and wrote a column describing the spectacle.


1917 Camp Grant football team
Three Camp Grant players received recognition on the 1917 All-Service football team selected by Walter Camp for Collier's Weekly: end John Rasmussen, formerly of Nebraska, received first-team honors; halfback Fritz Shiverick, formerly of Cornell, received second-team honors; and tackle Zipper Lathrop, formerly of Notre Dame, received third-team honors from Camp. Other notable players on the Camp Grant team included halfback Nelson Norgren of Chicago and tackle Perry Smith of Harvard.


1917 Camp Jackson football team
The 1917 Camp Jackson football team represented Camp Jackson during the 1917 college football season. The teams tackles were Josh Cody and Ted Shultz.


1917 Camp Lewis football team
The 1917 Camp Lewis football team represented the United States Army's 91st Division (also known as the "Wild West Division") in the 1917 college football season. The team was based at Camp Lewis in Tacoma, Washington, and compiled a 5–2–1 record. Both losses came against California's Mare Island Marines, including a rematch in the 1918 Rose Bowl.


1917 Camp Lewis football team
Camp Lewis was built in 1917 after the United States entry into World War I. By early October, 35,000 recruits from the western states were crowded into barracks there. Football games between the regiments stationed at the camp were arranged in the early autumn.


1917 Camp Lewis football team
A team made up of officers from the 362nd Infantry Regiment played Washington State to a scoreless tie at Tacoma Stadium on October 13.


1917 Camp Lewis football team
Later, an all-cantonment team consisting of players from the entire 91st Division was formed to represent Camp Lewis. The Camp Lewis team was coached by Lieutenant Fox Stanton, assisted by Major J. L. Weir.


1917 Camp Meade football team
The 1917 Camp Meade football team represented the United States Army's Camp Meade located in Maryland during the 1917 college football season.


1917 Camp Meade football team
Former Carlisle Indians player Gus Welch played at quarterback for Camp Meade. Eddie Thayer, a former Penn star who played in Camp Meade's backfield, was selected by Walter Camp as a third-team player on the 1917 All-Service football team.


1917 Camp Meade football team
Everett "Hook" Mylin, formerly of Franklin and Marshall, was the team captain. He was wounded while fighting in France in 1918.


1917 Camp Meade football team
In 1918, Camp Meade did not field an all-cantonment team. Instead, the camp organized company teams with multiple games played each week.


1917 Camp Upton football team
The 1917 Camp Upton football team represented the United States Army's 77th Division that trained at Camp Upton in Yaphank on Long Island, New York, during the 1917 college football season. Former Princeton halfback Frank Glick was the team's coach.


1917 Camp Upton football team
By October 1917, 30,000 recruits were stationed at Camp Upton, and athletic competition was part of the camp's training regimen. Regimental football teams competed against one another before an all-cantonment team was formed in November 1917.


1917 Camp Upton football team
Former Harvard All-American Robert Treat Paine Storer played for the Camp Upton all-cantonment team.


1917 Camp Upton football team
On November 24, the team lost a close game to Camp Devens (coached by Harvard's Percy Haughton) at the Polo Grounds in New York City.


1917 Camp Upton football team
The 77th Division was deployed to France in 1918. The Lost Battalion, part of the 77th, sustained heavy losses in the Argonne Forest in October 1918.


1917 Camp Zachary Taylor football team
The 1917 Camp Zachary Taylor football team represented Camp Zachary Taylor in college football during the 1917 college football season. Doc Rodes was on the team.


1917 Campeonato Carioca
The 1917 Campeonato Carioca, the twelfth edition of that championship, kicked off on May 20, 1917 and ended on February 24, 1918. It was organized by LMDT (Liga Metropolitana de Desportos Terrestres, or Metropolitan Land Sports League). Ten teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 6th time. No teams were relegated.


1917 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title. The team with the fewest points would dispute a playoff against the champions of the second level.


1917 Campeonato Carioca, Championship, Relegation playoffs
The last-placed team, Villa Isabel, would dispute a playoff against Cattete, champions of the Second Level. Villa Isabel won the playoff.


1917 Campeonato Paulista
The 1917 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), was the 16th season of São Paulo's top association football league. Paulistano won the title for the 5th time. the top scorer was Ypiranga's Arthur Friedenreich with 15 goals.


1917 Campeonato Paulista, System
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1917 Canadian federal election
The 1917 Canadian federal election (sometimes referred to as the khaki election) was held on December 17, 1917, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 13th Parliament of Canada. Described by historian Michael Bliss as the "most bitter election in Canadian history", it was fought mainly over the issue of conscription (see  Conscription Crisis of 1917). The election resulted in Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden's Unionist government elected with a strong majority and the largest percentage of the popular vote for any party in Canadian history.


1917 Canadian federal election
The previous election had been held in 1911 and was won by Borden's Conservatives. Normally, there is a constitutional requirement that Parliament last no longer than five years, which would have resulted in an election in 1916. However, citing  the emergency of the Great War, the Parliament of Canada approved a one-year extension, which was implemented by the British Parliament. The Borden government hoped that the delay would allow the formation of a "grand coalition" government, encompassing all the parties, such as existed in Britain.


1917 Canadian federal election
Sir Wilfrid Laurier, head of the Liberal Party of Canada, refused to join the coalition over the issue of conscription, which was strongly opposed in the Liberal heartland of Quebec. Laurier worried that agreeing to Borden's coalition offer would cause that province to abandon the Liberals and perhaps even Canada. Borden proceeded to form a "Unionist" government, and the Liberal Party split over the issue. Many English Canadian Liberal MPs and provincial Liberal parties in English Canada supported the new Unionist government.


1917 Canadian federal election
To ensure victory for conscription, Borden introduced two laws to skew the voting towards the government. The first, the Wartime Elections Act, disenfranchised conscientious objectors and Canadian citizens if they were born in enemy countries and had arrived after 1902. The law also gave female relatives of servicemen the vote. Thus, the 1917 election was the first federal election in which some women were allowed to vote.


1917 Canadian federal election
The other new law was the Military Voters Act, which allowed soldiers serving abroad to choose which riding their vote would be counted in or to allow the party for which they voted to select the riding in which the vote would be counted. That allowed government officials to guide the strongly pro-conscription soldiers into voting in those ridings where they would be more useful. Servicemen were given a ballot with the simple choice of "Government" or "Opposition".


1917 Canadian federal election
Soon after these measures were passed, Borden convinced a faction of Liberals (using the name Liberal-Unionists) along with Gideon Decker Robertson, who was described as a "Labour" Senator (but was unaffiliated with any Labour Party) to join with them, forming the Unionist government in October 1917. He then dissolved parliament to seek a mandate in the election, which pitted "Government" candidates, running as the Unionist Party, against the anti-conscription faction of the Liberal Party, which ran under the name Laurier Liberals.


1917 Canadian federal election
The divisive debate ended with the country divided on linguistic lines. The Liberals won 82 seats, 62 in Quebec, with many other seats won in provinces such as Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Ontario in ridings with significant French Canadian populations. The Unionists won 153 seats. The three Unionist won seats in Quebec were all in mainly English-speaking ridings. That led to the Francœur Motion in January 1918.


1917 Canadian federal election
Out of 235 seats, 33 were won by acclamation—17 to the Laurier Liberals (all in Quebec) and 16 to the Unionists (all outside Quebec). Two of the Unionist acclamations were for the riding of Halifax, where the only candidates were two Unionists, and where, eleven days earlier, the tragic Halifax Explosion had taken place.


1917 Canadian federal election, National results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1917 Canadian federal election, National results
1 % change for Government compared to Conservative Party (including Liberal-Conservatives) in 1911 election, and for Opposition to Liberal Party.


1917 Canton Bulldogs season
The 1917 Canton Bulldogs season was their eleventh season in the Ohio League. The team finished with a 9–1 record and captured their third Ohio League championship.


1917 Carlisle Indians football team
The 1917 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1917 college football season.


1917 Central Michigan Normalites football team
The 1917 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Fred Johnson, the Central Michigan football team compiled a 1–2 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 70 to 7. In its only intercollegiate game, the team lost to the 1917 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team by a score of 63 to 0 at Ypsilanti, Michigan, on October 20, 1917.


1917 Central Michigan Normalites football team
The Detroit Free Press reported: "Mt. Pleaaant failed to make a first down and gained only about 15 yards in the entire game, their team being light and lacking experience." The team's remaining games were against high school teams: a 7-0 victory over Bay City Western High School and an 8-0 loss to Mt. Pleasant High School.


1917 Centre football team
The 1917 Centre football team represented Centre College in the 1917 college football season and began a string of unparalleled success for the school. The first two games were coached by Robert L. "Chief" Myers, and the rest by Charley Moran. According to Centre publications, "Myers realized he was dealing with a group of exceptional athletes, who were far beyond his ability to coach. He needed someone who could the team justice, and found that person in Charles Moran."


1917 Centre football team
In 1916, Myers became coach at his alma mater Centre after coaching at North Side High School in Fort Worth, Texas. His team there included future Centre stars Bo McMillin and Red Weaver, who were recruited by boosters to Somerset High School in Kentucky where they joined up with Red Roberts. Also at North Side were Sully Montgomery, Matty Bell, Bill James, and Bob Mathias. McMillin kicked and made his only ever field goal attempt to defeat Kentucky 3 to 0.


1917 Ceylonese Legislative Council election
The second election to the Legislative Council of Ceylon was held 20 January 1917.


1917 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
In 1833 the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission created the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first step in representative government in British Ceylon. Initially the Legislative Council consisted of 16 members: the British Governor, the five appointed members of the Executive Council of Ceylon, four other government officials and six appointed unofficial members (three Europeans, one Sinhalese, one Tamil and one Burgher).


1917 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
In 1889 the number of appointed unofficial members was increased to eight (three Europeans, one Low Country Sinhalese, one Kandyan Sinhalese, one Tamil, one Muslim and one Burgher).


1917 Ceylonese Legislative Council election, Background
The Legislative Council was reformed in 1910 by the McCallum Reforms. Membership was increased to 21 of which 11 were officially appointed and 10 were unofficial (two elected Europeans, one elected Burgher, one elected educated Ceylonese, two appointed Low Country Sinhalese, two appointed Tamils, one appointed Kandyan Sinhalese and one appointed Muslim). Less than 3,000 Ceylonese were eligible to vote for the four elected unofficial members.


1917 Charlestown Navy Yard football team
The 1917 Charlestown Navy Yard football team was an American football team that represented the United States Navy's Charlestown Navy Yard, also known as Boston Navy Yard, during the 1917 football season.


1917 Charlestown Navy Yard football team
Halfback Eddie Casey was selected as a first-team halfback on Walter Camp's 1917 All-Service football team.


1917 Chester race riot
The 1917 Chester race riot was a race riot in Chester, Pennsylvania that took place over four days in July 1917. Racial tensions increased greatly during the World War I industrial boom due to white hostility toward the large influx of southern blacks who moved North as part of the Great Migration. The riot began after a black man walking in a white neighborhood with his girlfriend and another couple bumped into each other. This lead to a fist-fight braking out and the black man stabbing and killed the white man.


1917 Chester race riot
White gangs went on the attack and targeted blacks throughout the city. Four days of violent melees involving mobs of hundreds of people followed. The Chester police along with the Pennsylvania National Guard, Pennsylvania State Police, mounted police officers and a 150-person posse finally quelled the riot after four days. The riot resulted in 7 deaths, 28 gunshot wounds, 360 arrests and hundreds of hospitalizations.


1917 Chester race riot, Tension
Chester, a small town known for shipbuilding and textile manufacturing, had a community of approximately 4,400 blacks by 1900. The community included businesses and churches. Chester's neighborhoods, largrly white and black middle- and working-class, were generally segregated by race, income and social status.


1917 Chester race riot, Tension
The increase in industrial manufacturing due to economic production related to World War I brought massive and disruptive growth to Chester. The Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. opened in 1917 to build tanker ships, the idled Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works shipyard was revived as the Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation and the Baldwin Locomotive Works in nearby Eddystone produced locomotives and railway gun carriages for the war. Between 1910 and 1920, Chester's population increased from 34,000 to 58,000 due to an influx of southern and eastern Europeans as well as southern U.S. blacks arriving to work in the shipyards and other industrial manufacturing.


1917 Chester race riot, Tension
The hostility of Chester's white residents toward black residents grew as southern blacks migrated to Pennsylvania as part of the Great Migration. In 1910, Chester was home to approximately 6,000 blacks, 15% of the city's population. At the height of the World War I industrial boom, the population of blacks in Chester increased to 20,000, 25% of the city's population. Black workers lived in filthy and overpopulated segregated work camps hastily erected near factories.


1917 Chester race riot, Tension
The white residents of Chester became frustrated with the rapid changes and congestion in Chester and placed the blame for these social ills on the influx of black workers. Many white workers viewed black workers as strikebreakers and resentment toward blacks in Chester mirrored race riots in East Saint Louis and Philadelphia. There were multiple cases of individual interracial violence in Chester leading up to July 1917.


1917 Chester race riot, Tension
Chester also had a reputation as a freewheeling destination for vices such as drugs, alcohol, numbers rackets, gambling and prostitution. Bethel Court was the "red-light district" of Chester, located in one of poorest black neighborhoods in the West end. In 1917, the regional interest in Bethel Court increased exponentially when army and navy officials in Philadelphia banned military personnel from frequenting brothels in Philadelphia. The increase in prostitution, crime and drunken behavior in Bethel Court was blamed on the black population in Chester.


1917 Chester race riot, Riot timeline
Late in the evening of July 24, 1917, a black man named Arthur Thomas was walking with his female companion and another black couple through a predominantly white neighborhood in the city's West End. Thomas got into a verbal altercation with a white man named William McKinney which escalated into a fistfight. McKinney was stabbed multiple times during the fight and died soon afterwards. On July 25, an enraged mob of whites marched through the streets of Chester's black neighborhoods which initiated violent street battles that continued for four days.


1917 Chester race riot, Riot timeline
Mobs of white rioters gathered along the strip of black owned businesses in Chester and attacked black workers going to their jobs. A mob of white people boarded a streetcar and assaulted black passengers. Mobs of 200 to 300 white rioters were reported roaming the streets and attacking blacks. A counter mob of 150 armed blacks gathered near Market Square in downtown Chester, fired their guns into a mob of armed white rioters and charged the group until police dispersed both groups. A black railroad worker fired his gun into a mob of white shipyard workers chasing him and killed one of them. There were reports of row homes being set afire with black occupants trapped inside.


1917 Chester race riot, Riot timeline
On July 27, the mayor of Chester, Wesley S. McDowell, ordered all hotels, pool halls and liquor stores closed; forbade the carrying of weapons and implemented a curfew after dark. Delaware County Sheriff John H. Heyburn, Jr. declared a "state of riot" in Chester and forbade public assembly in the city. Local and state police, including mounted police officers along with a posse of 150 were able to restore order after four days of violence.


1917 Chester race riot, Riot timeline
By July 30, seven people had been killed, twenty-eight suffered gunshot wounds, 360 arrested and hundreds treated for injuries at the hospital. It took several weeks for the violence to subside completely with individual acts of interracial violence continuing through August.


1917 Chester race riot, Aftermath
After the riots, the mayor banned the sale of liquor to military personnel visiting Bethel Court. A local magistrate who set low bail amounts for black offenders before the riots was dismissed from office. The separation of blacks and whites in Chester's neighborhoods and workplaces became more defined.


1917 Chester race riot, Later developments
The Chester school protests occurred during the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Protesters were met with police brutality. Manufacturing has largely left the city which by 2010 was 3/4 African American. Chester Upland School District has many of the state's lowest performing schools.


1917 Chesterton by-election
The Chesterton by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 July 1917 for the House of Commons constituency of Chesterton also known as the Western Division of Cambridgeshire.


1917 Chesterton by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, the Rt. Hon. Edwin Montagu as Secretary of State for India. Under the Parliamentary rules of the day he had to resign and fight a by-election.


1917 Chesterton by-election, Candidates
Montagu was re-selected to fight the seat by his local Liberal Association and as the wartime truce between the political parties was in operation no opposing candidate was nominated against him.


1917 Chesterton by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward Montagu was returned unopposed.


1917 Chicago Cubs season
The 1917 Chicago Cubs season was the 46th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 42nd in the National League and the 2nd at Wrigley Field (then known as "Weeghman Park"). The Cubs finished fifth in the National League with a record of 74–80, 24 games behind the New York Giants.


1917 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1917 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1917 college football season. In their 26th season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 3–2–1 record, finished in sixth place in the Big Ten Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 82 to 51.


1917 Chicago White Sox season
The 1917 Chicago White Sox dominated the American League with a record of 100–54. The 100 wins is a club record that still stands. Their offense was first in runs scored while their pitching staff led the league with a 2.16 ERA.


1917 Chicago White Sox season
Facing the New York Giants in the 1917 World Series, the team clinched the series in six games, thanks in large part to the workhorse efforts of Eddie Cicotte and Red Faber. It would be the team's last world championship until 2005.


1917 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Chicago White Sox season, 1917 World Series
There were accusations of this series not being completely "on the level," especially after the Black Sox Scandal of 1919. The most notable play involved Heinie Zimmerman of the Giants chasing Eddie Collins across home plate in the deciding game. Zimmerman was later banned from organized baseball for throwing games.


1917 Chicago White Sox season, 1917 World Series
AL Chicago White Sox (4) vs. NL New York Giants (2)


1917 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1917 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference during the 1917 college football season. In their first season under head coach Frank Marty, the Bearcats compiled a 0–6 record (0–4 against conference opponents). Harold Talcott was the team captain. The team played its home games at Carson Field in Cincinnati.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1917 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the National League with a record of 78–76, 20 games behind the New York Giants.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
It was a very quiet off-season for the Reds heading into the 1917 season. Cincinnati purchased the contract of pitcher Roy Sanders from the Kansas City Blues of the American Association (20th century) for $7500. In 45 games with the Blues, Sanders was 18-16 with a 3.80 ERA, pitching 277 innings for the club.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On April 23, the Reds purchased the contract of legendary athlete Jim Thorpe from the New York Giants. Thorpe, known for winning two gold medals at the 1912 Summer Olympics, also played with the Canton Bulldogs football club in the Ohio League. He had minimal playing time with the Giants from 1913–1915 before spending the 1916 season in the minor leagues.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On May 2, in the "double no-hitter" between Fred Toney of the Reds and Hippo Vaughn of the Chicago Cubs, Thorpe drove in the winning run in the 10th inning. Late in the season, he was sold back to the Giants. It is still the only occasion in major league history in which a regulation nine innings was played without either team logging a hit.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The Reds picked up pitcher Dutch Ruether from the Chicago Cubs on July 17 off of waivers. In 10 games with Chicago, Ruether was 2-0 with a 2.48 ERA. Just over two weeks later, on August 1, the Reds make another waiver claim, picking up outfielder Sherry Magee from the Boston Braves. Magee, in his 14th season in the National League, had a .256 average with one home run and 21 RBI when he was picked up. Over his career, Magee led the NL in RBI three times (1907, 1910 and 1914). His best season was in 1910 with the Philadelphia Phillies, as Magee led the league with a .331 batting average, scored 110 runs and drove in 123 runners.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On August 18, the Reds returned Jim Thorpe to the New York Giants. In 77 games, Thorpe batted .247 with four home runs and 36 RBI.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
Cincinnati had a tough start to the season, as after 44 games, the team sat in seventh place with a poor 18-26 record. The team turned their season around, putting together a run of 36-17 over their next 53 games to improve their overall record to 54-43 and moved into second place in the National League, however, the team was 7.5 games behind the first place New York Giants. Over the next few weeks, Cincinnati struggled and fell completely out of the pennant race. The club finished the year with a 78-76 record and in fourth place. The 78 wins was the Reds highest total since winning 79 games in 1905. This also was the first time since 1909 that the team finished with a winning record. Cincinnati's attendance also rose to 269,056, their highest total since 1912.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
Outfielder Edd Roush led the National League with a .341 batting average, and added four home runs and 67 RBI in 136 games in his first full season with the Reds. Third baseman Heinie Groh hit .304 with one home run and 53 RBI in 156 games. First baseman Hal Chase tied for the team lead with four home runs, and led the club with 86 RBI while batting .277. Outfielder Greasy Neale led Cincinnati with 25 stolen bases, and had a .294 batting average with three home runs and 33 RBI.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
The pitching staff was led by Fred Toney, who put together a 24-16 record and a 2.20 ERA in 43 games. Toney led the Reds in innings pitched at 339.2 and had 31 complete games. Pete Schneider joined Toney in the 20 win club, as he went 20-19 with a 2.10 ERA in 46 games. Schneider pitched 333.2 innings, had 24 complete games and led the Reds by striking out 138 batters. Hod Eller spent most of his time pitching in relief, as he put together a 10-5 record with a 2.36 ERA in 37 games, 26 in relief.


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1917 Clemson Tigers football team represented the Clemson Tigers of Clemson Agricultural College during the 1917 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Under first year head coach Edward Donahue, the team posted a 6–2 record. F. L. Witsel was the captain. Stumpy Banks scored five touchdowns against Furman for a school record. John Heisman ranked Clemson fourth in the south, or third in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.


1917 Clemson Tigers football team, Bibliography
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1917 Clemson Tigers football team, Bibliography
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1917 Cleveland Indians season
The 1917 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished third in the American League with a record of 88–66, 12 games behind the Chicago White Sox.


1917 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Club
The 1917 Club was a club for socialists that met in 4 Gerrard Street, Soho, in Central London, during the early part of the 20th century. It had been founded in December 1917 by Leonard Woolf and some of his friends. Although its name marked the February Revolution of 1917, it was not a Bolshevik club, and comprised mostly Labour Party members along with some Liberal Party members of the Union of Democratic Control, and some figures from the arts, particularly the Bloomsbury Set.


1917 Club
The club aimed to attract membership from left-wingers who were unable to afford the cost of the gentlemen's clubs in London, or who did not wish to join them for political reasons. It became known for interesting speakers, particularly on political matters, but also for poor quality food.


1917 Club
A small group of Bolshevik supporters around Alfred Bacharach and Miles Malleson met at the club in its early days, but they were greatly outnumbered by other left-wingers. In the afternoon, it was popular with artists and writers, and as the years went on, they came to dominate the club. Still later, it attracted many poorer members who used the club facilities while looking for work. A dispute between two groups of members and a disputed election led the club's committee to close it down in 1932.


1917 Club
Members included V. Gordon Childe, Ramsay MacDonald, Aldous Huxley, H. G. Wells, H. N. Brailsford, Elsa Lanchester, Rose Macaulay, Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, J. A. Hobson, Norah C. James, W. C. Anderson, Mary Hamilton, Emile Burns, E. D. Morel, Charles Roden Buxton, Clement Attlee, Stanley Unwin, C. E. M. Joad, Herbert Morrison, Hugh Dalton, G. D. H. Cole, E. M. Forster, Oswald Mosley, Raymond Postgate, Shapurji Saklatvala, Ben Turner and Lord Ponsonby.


1917 Code of Canon Law
The 1917 Code of Canon Law (abbreviated 1917 CIC, from its Latin title Codex Iuris Canonici), also referred to as the Pio-Benedictine Code, was the first official comprehensive codification of Latin canon law.


1917 Code of Canon Law
Ordered by Pope Pius X in 1904 and carried out by the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law, led by Pietro Cardinal Gasparri, the work was completed and promulgated by Pope Benedict XV on 27 May 1917, coming into effect on 19 May 1918.


1917 Code of Canon Law
It remained in force until the 1983 Code of Canon Law took legal effect and abrogated it on 27 November 1983. It has been described as "the greatest revolution in canon law since the time of Gratian" (1150s AD).


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Background
Papal attempts at codification of the scattered mass of canon law spanned the eight centuries since Gratian produced his Decretum c. 1150. In the 13th century especially canon law became the object of scientific study, and different compilations were made by the Roman Pontiffs. The most important of these were the five books of the Decretales Gregorii IX and the Liber Sextus of Boniface VIII. The legislation grew with time. Some of it became obsolete, and contradictions crept in so that it became difficult in recent times to discover what was of obligation and where to find the law on a particular question.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Reasons for codification
Since the close of the Corpus Juris, numerous new laws and decrees had been issued by popes, councils, and Roman Congregations. No complete collection of them had ever been published and they remained scattered through the ponderous volumes of the Bullaria, the Acta Sanctae Sedis, and other such compilations, which were accessible to only a few and for professional canonists themselves and formed an unwieldy mass of legal material.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Reasons for codification
Moreover, not a few ordinances, whether included in the "Corpus Juris" or of more recent date, appeared to be contradictory; some had been formally abrogated, others had become obsolete by long disuse; others, again, had ceased to be useful or applicable in the present condition of society. Great confusion was thus engendered and correct knowledge of the law rendered very difficult even for those who had to enforce it.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Reasons for codification
Already in the Council of Trent the wish had been expressed in the name of the King of Portugal that a commission of learned theologians be appointed to make a thorough study of the canonical constitutions binding under pain of mortal sin, define their exact meaning, see whether their obligation should not be restricted in certain cases, and clearly determine how far they were to be maintained and observed.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Reasons for codification
In response to the request of the bishops at the First Vatican Council, on 14 May 1904, with the motu proprio Arduum sane munus ("A Truly Arduous Task"), Pope Pius X set up a commission to begin reducing these diverse documents into a single code, presenting the normative portion in the form of systematic short canons shorn of the preliminary considerations.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Reasons for codification
Under the aegis of Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law completed its work under Benedict XV, who promulgated the Code which became effective in 1918. The work having been begun by Pius X and being promulgated by Benedict XV, it is sometimes called the "Pio-Benedictine Code."


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Codification process
Pope Pius X in a letter on 19 March 1904 announced his intention of revising the unwieldy mass of past legislation and appointed a commission of cardinals and learned consultors to undertake this difficult work. The Catholic universities of the world and the bishops of all countries were asked to cooperate. The scholars began the work and a copy of the first draft was sent to the bishops for suggestions.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Codification process
In addition to the canon law experts brought to Rome to serve on the codification commission, all the Latin Church's bishops and superiors general of religious orders were periodically consulted via letter. Every Latin bishop had the right to permanently keep a representative in Rome to give him voice at the meetings of the codification commission.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Codification process
By the winter of 1912, the "whole span of the code" had been completed, so that a provisional text was printed. The 1912 text was sent out to all Latin bishops and superiors general for their comment, and their notations which they sent back to the codification commission were subsequently printed and distributed to all members of the commission, in order that the members might carefully consider the suggestions.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Period of enforcement
The new code was completed in 1916. The code was promulgated on 27 May 1917, Pentecost Sunday, as the Code of Canon Law  (Latin: Codex Iuris Canonici) by Pius X' successor, Pope Benedict XV, who set 19 May 1918 as the date on which it came into force. For the most part, it applied only to the Latin Church except when "it treats of things that, by their nature, apply to the Oriental", such as the effects of baptism (canon 87). It contained 2,414 canons.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Period of enforcement
On 15 September 1917, by the motu proprio Cum Iuris Canonici, Pope Benedict XV made provision for a Pontifical Commission charged with interpreting the code and making any necessary modifications as later legislation was issued. New laws would be appended to existing canons in new paragraphs or inserted between canons, repeating the number of the previous canon and adding bis, ter, etc. (e.g. "canon 1567bis" in the style of the civil law) so as not to subvert the ordering of the code, or the existing text of a canon would be completely supplanted. The numbering of the canons was not to be altered.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Period of enforcement
The Latin text of the 1917 Code remained unchanged for the first 30 years of its enactment, when Pope Pius XII issued a motu proprio of 1 August 1948 that amended canon 1099 of the code, a revision that took effect on 1 January 1949.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Period of enforcement
The 1917 Code was in force until Canon 6 §1 1° of the 1983 Code of Canon Law took legal effect—thereby abrogating it—on 27 November 1983.


1917 Code of Canon Law, History, Decrees
On 15 September 1917, shortly after promulgating the 1917 code, Benedict XV promulgated the motu proprio Cum Iuris Canonici, which forbade the Roman Congregations from issuing new general decrees unless it was necessary to do so, and then only after consulting the Pontifical Commission charged with amending the code. The congregations were instead to issue Instructions on the canons of the code, and to make it clear that they were elucidating particular canons of the code. This was done so as not to make the code obsolete soon after it was promulgated. The 1917 Code was very rarely amended, and then only slightly.


1917 Code of Canon Law, Structure
As the first complete collection of law for the Latin church, it paints a fairly accurate picture of the organizational design and the role of the papacy and the Roman curia at the outset of the twentieth century.


1917 Code of Canon Law, Structure
The organization of the 1917 Code followed the divisions (Personae, Res, Actiones) of the ancient Roman jurists Gaius and Justinian. The code did not follow the classical canonical divisions (Iudex, Iudicium, Clerus, Sponsalia, Crimen).


1917 Code of Canon Law, Scholarship and criticism
During the 65 years of its enforcement, a complete translation of the 1917 Code from its original Latin was never published. Translations were forbidden, partly to ensure that interpretive disputes among scholars and canonists concerning such a new type of code would be resolved in Latin itself and not in one of the many languages used in scholarship. More English-language research material exists relating to the 1917 Code than in any other language except Latin.


1917 Code of Canon Law, Scholarship and criticism
The book De rebus ('On things') was subject to much criticism due to its inclusion of supernatural subjects such as sacraments and divine worship under the category "things" and due to its amalgamation of disparate subject matter. It was argued by some that this was a legalistic reduction of sacramental mystery. René Metz defended the codifiers' decision on the layout and scope of De rebus as being the "least bad solution" to structural problems which the codifiers themselves fully understood.


1917 Code of Canon Law, Scholarship and criticism
This was also the canon law that for the first time in Roman Catholic Church history, legalized interest outright. The Code of Canon Law of 1917 allowed those responsible for the church's financial affairs at the parish and diocesan levels to invest in interest-bearing securities "for the legal rate of interest (unless it is evident that the legal rate is exorbitant), or even for a higher rate, provided that there be a just and proportionate reason."


1917 Colgate football team
The 1917 Colgate football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Harold McDevitt, the team compiled a 4–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 118 to 40. Charles Hubbell was the team captain. The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.


1917 College Football All-America Team
The 1917 College Football All-America team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-America Teams selected by various organizations in 1917. The selections were affected by the First World War. The Walter Camp Football Foundation lists no team in 1917. Camp posted an All-Service team in Collier's Weekly, and other organizations posted All-American teams. Walter Eckersall accidentally picked two players from Tech High School in an attempt to give credence to the first consensus national champion from the south, Georgia Tech. Walker Carpenter and Everett Strupper were the first two players from the Deep South ever selected All-American.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1917 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1917 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Georgia Tech won the SIAA and the south's first national championship. Walker Carpenter and Everett Strupper were the first two players from the Deep South selected first-team All-American.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Composite eleven
The composite All-Southern eleven formed by the selection of  7 coaches and sporting writers included:


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
C = composite selection picked by seven football writers in the South. The seven were Dick Jemison, John Heisman, Morgan Blake, Fred Bodeker, George Watkins, Fred Digby, and Blinkey Horn.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
DJ = selected by Dick Jemison, sporting editor for the Atlanta Constitution.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
MB = selected by Morgan Blake, sporting editor for the Atlanta Georgian.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
FD = selected by Fred Digby, sporting editor for the New Orleans Item.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
ZN = selected by Zipp Newman, assistant sporting editor for the Birmingham News.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
HB = selected by "Happy" Barnes of Tulane University, in the New Orleans Item.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
H = selected by John Heisman, coach of Georgia Institute of Technology.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
FB = selected by Fred Bodeker of the Birmingham Age-Herald.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
CM = selected by "Country" Morris, assistant coach at Clemson College.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
GT = selected by the Technique, Georgia Tech's student newspaper. It had two players selected as "utility", denoted with a u.


1917 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
HS = selected by Hugh Sparrow of the Nashville Banner.


1917 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1917 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1917 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Harry W. Hughes, the Aggies compiled a 0–7–1 record, finished last in the RMC, and were outscored by a total of 148 to 51.


1917 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1917 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1917 college football season. Head coach Bob Evans led the team in his second and final year to a 4–2 mark in the Rocky Mountain and 6–2 overall.


1917 Columbia Lions football team
The 1917 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In his third and final season as head coach, T. Nelson Metcalf led the team to a 2–4 record, though the Lions outscored opponents 110 to 38. The team played its home games on South Field, part of the university's campus in Morningside Heights in Upper Manhattan.


1917 Columbus Panhandles season
The 1917 Columbus Panhandles season was their 12th season in existence. The team played in the Ohio League posted a 3–6 record.


1917 Copa Aldao
The 1917 Copa Aldao was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa Aldao, the 3rd. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Argentine Racing Club de Avellaneda and Uruguayan Club Nacional de Football.


1917 Copa Aldao
The final was held in Parque Pereyra in Montevideo on April 19, 1918. As the match ended 1–1, a playoff was scheduled for July 9 at Gimnasia y Esgrima in Buenos Aires to determine a champion. In that match, Racing beat Nacional 2–1 taking revenge from the previous edition and achieving its first Copa Aldao trophy.


1917 Copa Ibarguren
The 1917 Copa Ibarguren was the 5th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of both leagues, Primera División and Liga Rosarina de Football crowned during 1917.


1917 Copa Ibarguren
Racing (Primera División champion) faced Rosario Central (Liga Rosarina champion), playing their 4th. consecutive final. The match was hosted at Gimnasia y Esgrima Stadium in Palermo, on January 13, 1918. Racing won 3–2 achieving its 4th trophy within 5 years.


1917 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The 1917 Copa de Honor Cousenier was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa de Honor Cousenier, the 12th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Uruguayan Club Nacional de Football and Argentine Racing Club.


1917 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The match was held in Parque Pereira stadium in Montevideo, on April 21, 1918. Nacional beat Racing 3–1, winning its fourth and last Copa Cousenier trophy over five finals contested.


1917 Copa de Honor MCBA Final
The 1917 Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires was the final that decided the champion of the 12th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. In the match, held in Independiente Stadium in Avellaneda, Racing Club beat Club Atlético River Plate 3–1 in extra time, winning its four Copa de Honor trophy within five years.


1917 Copa de Honor MCBA Final
It was the 4th. and last Copa de Honor won by Racing, which also won all the finals contested.


1917 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
The 1918 edition was contested by 29 clubs, 21 within Buenos Aires Province, and 8 from Liga Rosarina de Football. Playing in a single-elimination tournament, Racing beat Banfield (3–0 in Avellaneda), Estudiantes de La Plata (2–0 as visitor), arch-rival Independiente (3–1 after extra time in Crucecita stadium). In the Buenos Aires' semifinal, Racing beat San Lorenzo de Almagro 3–1 at Dársena Sur, qualifying to play the semifinal vs the Rosario representatives that had played another elimination stage. In semifinal, Racing defeated Rosario Central (1–1 and 3–0 in Dársena Sur and Crucecita, respectively).


1917 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
On the other hand, River Plate beat Estudiantil Porteño (3–0 at Gaona and Campichuelo), Porteño (2–0 in Dársena Sur), Tigre (5–0 as visitor), and finally Huracán (3–2 at Racing Club) qualifying for the semifinal vs the Rosarian team, where the squad beat Tiro Federal (1–1 and 1–0, at Gimnasia y Esgrima de Rosario and Dársena Sur, respectively).


1917 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
The final was held in Independiente Stadium, popularly known as La Crucecita on January 6, 1918. Racing beat River 3–1 after extra time, winning its four and last Copa de Honor trophy.


1917 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey 1917 was the 17th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1917 Copa del Rey
The competition started on March 11, 1917, and concluded on May 15, 1917, with the Final, held at the Camp de la Indústria in Barcelona, in which Madrid FC lifted the trophy for the 5th time ever with a 2–1 victory over Arenas Club de Getxo.


1917 Copa del Rey, Quarterfinals
Real Vigo and España FC received a Bye to semifinals.


1917 Copa del Rey, Quarterfinals, Second leg
Sevilla FC and Madrid CF won one match each. At that year, the Goal difference was not taken into account. A replay match was played.


1917 Copa del Rey, Semifinals, Second leg
España FC and Madrid CF won one match each. At that year, the Goal difference was not taken into account. A replay match was played.


1917 Copa del Rey Final
The 1917 Copa del Rey Final was the 17th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at Camp de la Indústria in Barcelona on May 13, 1917. The match ended without goals after twenty minutes of extra time. The replay match was played two days later, in the same venue with the same referee. The match ended 1–1, and the teams decided to play twenty minutes of extra time. Neither team scored a goal in that time, so they decided to play another twenty minutes of extra time. Three minutes in the second extra time, Ricardo Álvarez scored for Madrid FC. This was the fifth title for Madrid FC.


1917 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1917 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the ninth staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.


1917 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Emmets won the championship following a 5-1 to 5-0 defeat of Mallow in the final.


1917 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1917 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 31st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1917 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 28 October 1917, Nils won the championship following a 0-02 to 0-00 defeat of Lees in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1915.


1917 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1917 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1917 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 30 September 1917, Redmonds won the championship following a 5-1 to 0-3 defeat of Midleton in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.


1917 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1917 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1917 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Albert Sharpe, the Big Red compiled a 3–6 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 146 to 78.


1917 Costa Rican coup d'état
The 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état of 27 January 1917 was a rupture of the constitutional order in the Republic of Costa Rica, where the constitutional President Alfredo González Flores, was overthrown by his Minister of War and Navy Federico "Pelico" Tinoco and his brother and army commander José Joaquín Tinoco. The coup had the support of the Costa Rican oligarchy —mainly the bankers and coffee growers— affected by González's tax reform, particularly a greater tax burden for the big capital. Gonzalez did not enjoyed popular support as he had been appointed by Congress and not elected in open elections.


1917 Costa Rican coup d'état
Tinoco, in addition to the support of the most conservative oligarchy, had the support of the Catholic Church, of the Army (commanded by his brother), of important political and intellectual figures and of wide sectors of the population, although the repressive brutality of the regime was little by little undermining his popularity. The US government under President Woodrow Wilson did not recognized Tinoco as part of its policy of rejecting coups in Central America in order to promote stability.


1917 Costa Rican coup d'état
The regime called a questionable presidential election with Tinoco as the only candidate and where the opposition could only limit itself to calling for abstention, as well as calling for elections for a Constituent Assembly that were almost entirely won by candidates of the Peliquista Party, the ruling party of Tinoco (nicknamed Pelico).


1917 Costa Rican coup d'état
However, the dictatorship of Tinoco would last only two years. His brother José Joaquín was assassinated on August 10, 1919 and rebel forces had already entered the country with varying degrees of success. Tinoco alongside his immediate family left the country two days after the death of his brother. The following elections of 1919 were won by the leader of the anti-Tinoco opposition Julio Acosta García on a landslide victory. This will be the only dictatorship in Costa Rica's history during the 20th Century, although a short-lived de facto Junta ruled the country for 18 months after the Costa Rican Civil War of 1948.


1917 Costa Rican general election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 April 1917. Federico Tinoco Granados had seized power in a military coup in January and was the only candidate in the presidential election. The elections were considered to be fraudulent and although former president Rafael Yglesias Castro received 249 votes in Alajuela, they were recorded as invalid ballots. Voter turnout was reported to be 69.2% in the presidential election and 67.6% in the parliamentary election.


1917 Costa Rican general election
Tinoco enjoyed the support of the coffee and banking oligarchy that had been affected by the reforms of Alfredo González Flores, of important political figures including (at least initially) Máximo Fernández Alvarado and Otilio Ulate Blanco, and of the Army (commanded by his brother). But it also enjoyed, at first, a very important popular support and the Tinoquista regime convened a demonstration of strength that brought together some 25,000 people on 18 March 1917.


1917 Costa Rican general election
Tinoco calls for presidential elections on April 1, 1917 as well as elections for deputies for the Constituent Assembly of 1917 that would draft a new (but short-lived) Constitution.


1917 Cuyo
1917 Cuyo (prov. designation: 1968 AA) is an stony asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 5.7 kilometers (3.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 January 1968, by astronomer Carlos Cesco and A. G. Samuel at El Leoncito Observatory, Argentina.


1917 Cuyo, Orbit and classification
Cuyo orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.1–3.2 AU once every 3 years and 2 months (1,151 days; semi-major axis of 2.15 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.51 and an inclination of 24° with respect to the ecliptic.


1917 Cuyo, Naming
This minor planet is named in honor of the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, which operated the observatory at El Leoncito in collaboration with Columbia and Yale University. Cuyo is also the name of a region in central-west Argentina. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3828).


1917 Cuyo, Physical characteristics
SMASS classification Cuyo is a stony Sl-type. In 1989, Cuyo was detected with radar from the Arecibo Observatory at a distance of 0.17 AU. The measured radar cross-section was 2.5 km2. According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Cuyo measures 5.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.195.


1917 Danish local elections
The Danish regional elections of 1917 were held in March 1917. 10166 municipal council members were elected.


1917 Dartmouth football team
The 1917 Dartmouth football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In its first season under head coach Clarence Spears, the team compiled a 5–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 83 to 68. Hubert McDonough was the team captain.


1917 Darwin by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Darwin on 30 June 1917. This was triggered by the death of Nationalist MP Charles Howroyd.


1917 Darwin by-election
The by-election was won by Nationalist candidate William Spence, who had been defeated in his own seat of Darling at the 1917 election.


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team
The 1917 Davidson Wildcats football team represented Davidson University in the 1917 college football season. Led by third year coach Bill Fetzer, the Wildcats competed as a member of the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA). Despite a record of 6–4 (1–2 SAIAA), some would call Davidson the second best southern team that year. Davidson defeated Auburn 21 to 7, in one of the great upsets in Southern football history, and scored the most on the 1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado, for many years considered the greatest football team the South ever produced, in a 32 to 10 loss. Following the Auburn game the Davidson team was first referred to as "the Wildcats.


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team
The team included a 17-year-old Buck Flowers, and two other All-Southerns in Wooly Grey and captain Georgie King. The backfield consisted of Flowers, quarterback Henry Spann, halfback Jack Black, and fullback Buck Burns.


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Georgia Tech
Davidson scored the most on the south's first national champion – Georgia Tech, for many years considered the greatest football team the South ever produced, in a 32 to 10 loss. This was the only game none of Tech's backs gained 100 yards rushing. Tech only led 6 to 3 until Everett Strupper broke open the game in the second half. Davidson got desperate and tried the pass, getting to within the 15-yard line. Walker Carpenter broke through the line and got a 10-yard loss.


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Georgia Tech
Davidson captain Georgie King said "I consider Georgia Tech the best football team I have ever played against or ever expect to play against."


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team, Season summary, Week 7: Auburn
Auburn was involved in of the great upsets in Southern football history as the Wildcats bested the Auburn Tigers 21–7.


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team, Season summary, Week 10: Clemson
Davidson beat Clemson 21–9 on a soggy field. Tackle Douglas Elliott broke his leg below the knee in the second quarter. King scored two touchdowns and Flowers another. Clemson's score followed a kick return by Stumpy Banks to the 4-yard line.


1917 Davidson Wildcats football team, Season summary, Week 10: Clemson
The starting lineup was King (left end), Shaw (left tackle), Gray (left guard), D. Crouch (center), McMaster (right guard), Elliott (right tackle), Roberts (right end), Spann (quarterback), McAlester (left halfback), Thomas (right halfback), Burns (fullback).


1917 Dayton Triangles season
The 1917 Dayton Triangles season was their fifth season in the Ohio League. The team posted a 5–1–2 record.


1917 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1917 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented Delaware College (later renamed the University of Delaware) as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Stan Baumgartner, the team compiled a 2–5 record and was outscored by a total of 108 to 20. Ernest S. Wilson was the team captain.


1917 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1917 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1917 college football season. In their third season under head coach John Fike, the Pioneers compiled a perfect 9–0 record (6–0 against RMC opponents), shared the RMC championship with Utah State, and outscored all opponents by a total of 226 to 45.


1917 Denver Pioneers football team
At the end of the season, both Denver and Utah State were undefeated against Rocky Mountain Conference opponents. A game between Denver and Utah State was proposed to determine an undisputed conference champion, but Denver's faculty ruled against the game. Denver officials claimed the title and asserted that the Utah Aggies "have a right to claim nothing more than a tie for the honors."


1917 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1917 team was the only group in the University of Denver's football history to compile a perfect season.


1917 Detroit Heralds season
The 1917 Detroit Heralds season was the 13th season for the Detroit Heralds, an independent American football team. Led by coach Bill Marshall, the team compiled an 8–2 record.


1917 Detroit Heralds season
Tommy Hughitt, Norb Sacksteder, and Birtie Maher starred for the Heralds. Frank Nesser joined the team in late November.


1917 Detroit Tigers football team
The 1917 Detroit Tigers football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1917 college football season. The team compiled an 8–1 record, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 389 to 34. The team opened the season with a school record 145 to 0 victory over the Toledo Rockets. Its sole loss was to Michigan  by a 14 to 3 score. Tillie Voss starred for the 1917 team.


1917 Detroit Tigers football team, Coaching changes
On March 3, 1917, the University of Detroit hired Gil Dobie as its head football coach. Dobie had compiled a 58–0–3 record in nine years as head football coach at the University of Washington. Dobie was lured with the promise that he need work only three months and otherwise devote himself to business. Shortly after Dobie's hiring, a game was scheduled for the fall with Fielding H. Yost's Michigan Wolverines football team.


1917 Detroit Tigers football team, Coaching changes
Dobie came to Detroit and began coaching the team through early practice sessions in August, but suddenly withdrew from the post at the end of August to become head football coach at the U.S. Naval Academy. Dobie reportedly left Detroit "because he was not satisfied with the small squad" that had turned out.


1917 Detroit Tigers football team, Coaching changes
James F. Duffy, a high school coach in Detroit, was hired to take over as the team's head coach. Duffy went on to coach the team for six years.


1917 Detroit Tigers season
The 1917 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the American League with a record of 78–75, 21½ games behind the Chicago White Sox.


1917 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1917 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1917 Dundee by-election
The  Dundee by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Dundee in the county of Angus held on 30 July 1917.


1917 Dundee by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of one of the two sitting MPs for the constituency, Winston Churchill, as Minister of Munitions. Under the Parliamentary rules applying at the time, members appointed to ministerial posts had to resign their seats and fight a by-election. At that time Dundee was represented by Churchill as a Liberal with Alexander Wilkie holding the other seat for Labour.


1917 Dundee by-election, Churchill’s return to government
Churchill's appointment to the government represented a political comeback, one of many in his career.


1917 Dundee by-election, Churchill’s return to government
Closely associated with the military fiasco of the Gallipoli landings on the Dardanelles and the dreadful loss of life of Allied personnel, Churchill had been replaced as First Lord of the Admiralty and given a lesser appointment as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster This was apparently one of the Conservative demands for joining the first Coalition government of the First World War under prime minister H H Asquith and may have had as much to do with settling old scores against their former rising star as their reservations about Churchill's skills as a military strategist.


1917 Dundee by-election, Churchill’s return to government
In November 1915 Churchill resigned from the government and went to the Western Front on active service as a battalion commander. In December 1916 David Lloyd George, Churchill's former close colleague in Asquith's radical reforming administration between 1908 and 1914, became prime minister. By July 1917, now secure in his position vis-a-vis his Conservative coalition partners, Lloyd George was ready to recall Churchill to the Cabinet, perhaps to strengthen its Liberal composition even further.


1917 Dundee by-election, Churchill’s return to government
A report into the Dardanelles disaster published in March 1917 had concluded that Churchill was neither solely nor principally responsible and Churchill was beginning to re-establish himself as an effective Westminster performer. One source even suggests that Lloyd George feared Churchill could emerge as a new leader of the opposition if the war continued to go badly. But Lloyd George clearly wanted his talented old ally as a support in difficult times and despite widespread criticism of Churchill's recall Lloyd George announced Churchill's appointment as Minister of Munitions on 18 July.


1917 Dundee by-election, Electoral truce
During the First World War there was an electoral truce between the main political parties by which it was agreed that all by-election vacancies would be filled unopposed by the party holding the seat. The Unionists were reported to be closely observing the party truce and the Labour Party in Dundee also passed a resolution against the adoption of a Labour candidate. However Churchill was not to face an uncontested election.


1917 Dundee by-election, Candidates opposing Churchill
On 24 July 1917, The Times reported that the Hon. Stuart Erskine, one of the sons of the 5th Baron Erskine had been planning a candidacy against Churchill but had decided to withdraw, although it is not clear upon what platform Erskine was proposing to contest the election. More importantly as it transpired, it was also reported that Churchill would face opposition from Edwin Scrymgeour as an advocate of alcohol prohibition and as representative of organised labour. Scrymgeour represented a serious challenge.


1917 Dundee by-election, Candidates opposing Churchill
He was a well-known local man from a prominent Dundee family and in total contrast to Churchill stood for fundamentalist religious views, extreme temperance and left-wing socialism. He was an elected member of the Burgh Council, having first been elected to the parish council, the body in charge of Dundee's poorhouses and poor relief as a representative of the Independent Labour Party as long before as 1895. He also had Parliamentary election experience having stood against Churchill on three previous occasions.