1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Kentucky State
The Wolverines scored six touchdowns in the first half and nine overall. Sam Davison was the scoring leader with 30 points on six touchdowns. Dave Allerdice  contributed 17 points on two field goals and nine extra points. Donald W. Green, Maurice E. Crumpacker, and William Embs also scored touchdowns for Michigan. According to The Michigan Alumnus, Embs "played the greatest game of his career and was with Schulz at the bottom of every mix-up." After taking a 36-0 lead at halftime, there was a "perceptible letup" in the second half, as Yost played his substitutes, including Frank Linthicum and Thomas Riley.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Kentucky State
Michigan's lineup against Kentucky State was Linthicum and Embs (left end), Casey (left tackle), Benbrook (left guard), Schulz (center), Primeau, Brennan and Riley (right guard), Crumpacker (right tackle), Ranney and Watson (right end), Wasmund and Cunningham (quarterback), Green (left halfback), Allerdice (right halfback), and Davison (fullback). Clayton Teetzel of Michigan was the referee. The game was played in 35-minute halves.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
On November 14, 1908, Michigan lost to the Penn Quakers by a score of 29–0. After leaving the Big Ten Conference, Michigan played annual rivalry games against Penn at or near the end of the season. Penn was one of the dominant football programs of the era, winning seven national championships between 1894 and 1912 (including the 1908 national championship). Penn shut out the Wolverines in both 1906 (17–0) and 1907 (6–0), and Michigan hoped to avenge those losses in 1908. Instead, the Wolverines met the worst defeat of the Yost era.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Michigan's hopes to beat Penn were based to a large extent on its star center Germany Schulz. Penn announced before the game that it would bring four available centers so there "might be a fresh antagonist facing the Michigan captain throughout the game." Special trains from all over Michigan poured large crowds into Ann Arbor, and the crowd was said to be "the largest attendance which has been on Ferry Field." Though Michigan was beaten, Schulz's performance, and the pummeling he took from the Penn team, was recounted many times in the following decades.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
In one of the few contemporaneous accounts, the Toledo Blade wrote that the Penn players, knowing that Schulz was "the power in the Michigan game," focused their energy on wearing him down. There were two Penn players who "did nothing but look after Schultz." And they did more than look: "In every scrimmage, he was bumped as hard as the rules allowed, and maybe a little harder, when nobody was looking. ...   Every time Schultz started anywhere he would find a couple of Penn men digging headfirst into his stomach.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
They would elbow him, jam him with the straight arm, and if he went to the ground in a scrimmage there generally would be a knee grinding him in the wind. Pretty soon Schultz began to show it. ... He limped along pitifully. He couldn't run. His strength was almost gone. When he did tackle, his groan of pain could almost be heard in the stands." The Michigan fans continued to urge Schulz with yells of "G-r-r-r-r-rah, Schultz!"


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
At halftime, the trainers found "a mass of black and blue spots" on Schulz. His "face was distorted with bumps", and there were "welts on his back and groin." As the second half started, Schulz insisted he felt better and returned to the game. But the attack continued. "Another scrimmage and two more Penn men were after him again. He went into the play and for an instant, his strength came back, but it couldn't last, and it didn't."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Yost finally sent in a substitute, and Schulz limped to the sideline and walked slowly away "with head bowed and hands to his stomach." When the "rubbers" removed his togs and examined him, "they marveled that he was able to walk." In the end, Schulz "didn't say a word — big tears rolled down as he lay there; Schultz was thoroughly beaten, but it took the entire Pennsylvania eleven to do it."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Penn's captain, Bill Hollenback, said: "This fellow Schulz is a monster in size and a perfect athlete. He is both wonderfully agile and fast for a man of his size. In our game with Michigan, we had two men instructed to play against Schulz and at times three and four were opposed to him. For some time, he handed out as much as we passed to him in the roughing end of the game. He was here, there and everywhere. He did most of the tackling. He broke up innumerable plays. He was the star of the contest until the continued battering of our men injured him to such an extent that he had to retire. The rest was easy." Coach Yost said of Schulz's performance: "He gave the greatest one-man exhibition of courage I ever saw on a football field."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
From the 1920s through the 1950s, the story was told, re-told and likely embellished in columns by Grantland Rice, Art Carlson, Frank Blair and Dave Lewis — more than one of them writing that they had seen the game in person. In Carlson's 1925 account, "the giant center had been rendered practically useless from the Penn attack", but refused to leave the game. Carlson recalled Schulz's removal from the game this way: "It was a scene I shall never forget—the giant Schulz, towering above the rest of the combatants, literally dragged off the field, tears streaming down his mud-spattered cheeks as he frantically protested his removal from the game."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
In 1942, Grantland Rice wrote that Schulz held the Penn team in check for 50 minutes and that the score was 0–0 when Schulz "left the field a battered wreck." (In fact, contemporaneous accounts show the score was 6–0 at halftime.)


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
In Frank Blair's 1951 telling, Schulz played with the "strength of Samson", and Penn "put five men -- center, both guards and both tackles—on the Wolverine giant." According to Blair, who claimed to have attended the game as a high school student, Schulz played like a madman, making nearly all the tackles for 50 minutes, and Penn was held scoreless until Schulz was "carried from the field."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
In a 1954 article, sports writer Dave Lewis wrote that Penn assigned five players to the task of mowing down Schulz. Lewis quoted Schulz as having said: "I can still see those five pairs of eyes staring at me every time we lined up ... ready to tear me apart." A few months before his death, Schulz told Detroit News sports writer H.G. Salsinger that he had only one regret: "I wish I could have lasted 10 minutes longer. That was one game I wanted to finish."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Right halfback Dave Allerdice also took a beating in the game. He played the entire game despite breaking his collarbone early in the game. The Detroit Free Press wrote: "When the students here learned this morning that Allerdice, Michigan's fullback, had played the entire game with Pennsylvania yesterday with a broken collar bone, they could not comprehend that they had unconsciously witnessed the greatest act of heroism ever displayed on the gridiron."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Michigan's lineup against Penn was Embs (left end), Casey (left tackle), Benbrook (left guard), Schulz and Brennan (center), Riley (right guard), Crumpacker (right tackle), Linthicum (right end), Wasmund (quarterback), Douglass (left halfback), Allerdice (right halfback), and Davison (fullback). Langford of Trinity was the referee. The game was played in 35-minute halves.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Syracuse
Michigan concluded its 1908 season with a 28–4 loss on the road against Syracuse. The game was the first played between the schools. Michigan came into the game severely handicapped by injuries. Right halfback Dave Allerdice had broken his collarbone against Penn and was unable to play. Germany Schulz had been badly bruised and battered in the Penn game, though he did start against Syracuse. Michigan took a 4–0 lead on a field goal by Sam Davison, but Syracuse followed with 28 unanswered points.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Syracuse
Michigan's lineup against Syracuse was Embs (left end), Casey (left tackle), Benbrook (left guard), Schulz (center), Riley (right guard), Crumpacker (right tackle), Ranney (right end), Wasmund (quarterback), Douglass (left halfback), Linthicum (right halfback), and Davison (fullback). Fultz of Brown was the referee. The game was played in 35-minute halves.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
The Detroit Free Press described the season-ending losses to Penn and Syracuse as "the worst defeats in twenty years of the gridiron sport" at Michigan. Some Michigan fans argued that a bias against football among the university's faculty was responsible for the poor showing. In early December 1908, the Chicago Daily Tribune reported: "It is alleged that the faculty is working against the football men in every possible way. It is said by some of the students that the faculty takes delight in 'conning' a man who is active in athletics." Dean Reed of Michigan's literary department rejected the contention as "absurd." He insisted that athletes were given "at least an even chance" with the other students, and, if anything, "a slight advantage over them."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
Michigan head coach Fielding H. Yost also expressed his dissatisfaction. After the season ended, Yost traveled to the east to help Army prepare for its game against Navy. He also agreed to accept an off-season position as the general manager of the Great Falls River and Power Company, a company seeking to develop a hydroelectric plant and build an electric short line from Chattanooga to Nashville. On December 5, 1908, he returned to Ann Arbor and announced that he was considering leaving Michigan if things did not improve in 1909—the final year of his five-year contract. Yost said, "If things don't clear up out here, I don't think I shall care to sign up again." The Chicago Daily Tribune reported on Yost's comments: "That was all the coach would say, but it is significant."


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
The only Michigan player to receive recognition on post-season All-American teams was center Germany Schulz. Schulz was overlooked on Walter Camp's All-American team, but he was selected as a first-team All-American by at least 20 other selectors, including the New York World, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Tom Thorpe, Philadelphia Times, and Fielding Yost. Schulz was also selected as a first-team player on the All-Western teams of E. C. Patterson (for Collier's Weekly) and Walter Eckersall (for the Chicago Daily Tribune).


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
On December 6, 1908, Dave Allerdice was elected by the 12 lettermen from the 1908 team as the captain of the 1909 team. He defeated quarterback William Wasmund who had advocated more liberal distribution of varsity "M" letters to football players.


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Varsity letter winners
The following 12 players received varsity "M" letters for their participation on the 1908 football team:


1908 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Reserves
The following 27 players received "R" letters for their participation as Reserves on the 1908 football team:


1908 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1908 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Incumbent Republican Fred M. Warner defeated Democratic candidate Lawton T. Hemans with 48.39% of the vote.


1908 Milan–San Remo
The second running of the Milan–San Remo cycling classic was held on 5 April 1908. The race was won by Belgian Cyrille Van Hauwaert. 14 of 48 starters finished the race.


1908 Milan–San Remo, Race report
The race was affected by miserable weather, with gusty winds and freezing rain from start to finish. The dramatic state of the roads contributed to the harshness of the race, causing several punctures and mechanical failures.


1908 Milan–San Remo, Race report
A small group of riders, containing all key contenders, broke clear on the Passo del Turchino. In Masone five of them remained: Belgian Cyrille Van Hauwaert, Italians Rossignoli and Galetti, and French riders Pottier and Lignon. In Finale Ligure Van Hauwaert dropped his last companion Lignon and powered on solo to the finish. In the background Luigi Ganna, André Trousselier and Augustin Ringeval had set off in pursuit. Ganna approached quickly, but Van Hauwaert remained his lead until the finish in Sanremo.


1908 Milan–San Remo, Race report
Van Hauwaert had traveled by bike from Belgium to the start in Milan, by means of training. In Paris he was joined by several French riders, including Augustin Ringeval, who accompanied him to Milan.


1908 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1908 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1908 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 3–2–1 record (0–2 against Western Conference opponents) and were outscored by all their opponents by a combined total of 50 to 32.


1908 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1908 season was the first season in which the Minnesota football team was outscored by its season opponents.


1908 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1908 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1908. Democratic Party of Minnesota candidate John Albert Johnson defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger Jacob F. Jacobson.


1908 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1908 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1908. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Adolph Olson Eberhart of the Republican Party of Minnesota defeated Minnesota Democratic Party challenger Julius J. Reiter and Prohibition Party candidate T. J. Anderson.


1908 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1908 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1908 college football season.


1908 Mississippi College Collegians football team
The 1908 Mississippi College Collegians football team represented Mississippi College as an independent during the 1908 college football season.


1908 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1908 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1908 college football season. The team compiled a 6–2 record (3–2 against MVC opponents) and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 195 to 45. W. J. Monilaw was the head coach for the third of three seasons. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1908 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1908 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908 and resulted in a victory for the Republican nominee, Missouri Attorney General Herbert S. Hadley, over the Democratic candidate, former Congressman William S. Cowherd, and several other candidates representing minor parties.


1908 Missouri gubernatorial election
This election broke a string of eleven consecutive Democratic governors, as it was the first election since 1870 which did not result in a victory by the Democratic nominee (no Democrat had run in 1870).


1908 Montana football team
The 1908 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1908 college football season. They were led by first-year head coach Roy White, and finished the season with a record of one win, two losses and one tie (1–2–1).


1908 Montana gubernatorial election
The 1908 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908.


1908 Montana gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Edwin L. Norris was re-elected, defeating Republican nominee Edward Donlan and Socialist nominee Harry Hazelton with 47.34% of the vote.


1908 Montana gubernatorial election, Bibliography
This Montana elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1908 Montrose Burghs by-election
The Montrose Burghs by-election of 1908 was held on 12 May 1908. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Morley. It was won by the Liberal candidate Robert Harcourt.


1908 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The 1908 College Basketball All-American team, as chosen retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation. The player highlighted in gold was chosen as the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year retroactively in 1944.


1908 NSWRFL season
The 1908 NSWRFL season was the inaugural season of the New South Wales Rugby Football League's premiership, Australia's first rugby league football club competition, in which nine clubs (eight from Sydney and one from Newcastle) competed from April till August 1908. The season culminated in the first premiership final, for the Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield, which was contested by Eastern Suburbs and South Sydney. In 1908 the NSWRFL also assembled a New South Wales representative team for the first ever interstate series against Queensland, and towards the end of the season, the NSWRFL's leading players were absent, having been selected to go on the first Kangaroo tour of Great Britain.


1908 NSWRFL season, Background
Early in the 20th century in Sydney, the game of rugby football was contested in competitions that were affiliated with the Rugby Football Union based in England. In 1895 the breakaway Northern Rugby Football Union was formed and its own version of rugby football started to evolve. The reasons for this split were ultimately based around the fact that clubs had wanted to compensate their players for time away from work due to injuries and travelling.


1908 NSWRFL season, Background
After the Rugby Football Union denied the clubs' requests for compensation, many northern English clubs broke away and formed a new league, which implemented gradual rule changes to the football it played in an attempt to make a more attractive game for crowds. When crowd numbers started to rise, clubs were able to afford to pay players benefits as a direct result of increased gate takings.


1908 NSWRFL season, Background
In 1906 in Sydney, crowd numbers for football matches began to increase significantly following the emergence of an especially talented player, Dally Messenger, whose skill was considered a pleasure to watch. It was around this time that the discontent of players with their clubs for failing to shift away from the amateur culture of the Rugby Football Union was starting to show. Even though bigger crowds had brought increased revenue to the game, footballers did not see any of the increased revenue going back to them.


1908 NSWRFL season, Background
On 8 August 1907 a group of leading players and supporters met at Bateman's Hotel, George Street, Sydney and resolved to form the New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL). In the latter half of 1907, and unknown to the general public, Dally Messenger secretly agreed to sign on to play in a breakaway professional competition that would start the following year, run by the NSWRFL. It would turn out to be Messenger's popularity that would ensure the success of the new competition.


1908 NSWRFL season, Background
Early in 1908, a number of Rugby Football Union clubs held meetings across Sydney and Newcastle to decide whether or not breakaway clubs should be formed in preparation for the new Rugby Football League's premiership that was to start in the following months. The popularity amongst players in support of the new competition was overwhelming, with only some players deciding to continue playing in the traditional amateur Rugby Football Union competition. The Rugby Football League clubs that were formed were essentially breakaway clubs, and in most instances, teams continued the use of their team colours into the new competition. A key aspect of the new code was that players would be paid for playing the game. Adopting the playing rules of the rebel Northern Union of England, the new competition began on Easter Monday, 20 April 1908.


1908 NSWRFL season, Touring parties
The 1907–08 All Golds arrived back in Australia on 9 April. They spread themselves around the eight clubs that were preparing for the season and helped advise them on the rules of rugby league. The team watched the first round of the competition before heading to Newcastle and playing the first game of rugby league in that city. They then played matches against New South Wales and Australia before heading north to Queensland. The final test was held on 6 June and Australia defeated New Zealand 14–9 for their first test win.


1908 NSWRFL season, Touring parties
A New Zealand Māori side had arrived in Sydney in the first week of June and watched the All Golds' final test. They played four matches in New South Wales before also heading north to Queensland. On their return they played three more matches, including one against Australia, before financial and legal disputes ended the tour.


1908 NSWRFL season, Teams
Eight teams contested the first round of the season; seven teams from Sydney and one team from Newcastle. Another Sydney team, Cumberland, joined the competition in the second round, making it nine teams in total, however the club exited the League at the end of the season.


1908 NSWRFL season, Teams
Formed on 23 January 1908at Balmain Town HallGround: Birchgrove OvalCaptain-Coach: Bob Graves


1908 NSWRFL season, Teams
Formed on 20 April 1908at Horse and Jockey Hotel, HomebushGround: RAS ShowgroundCaptain: Harry Bloomfield


1908 NSWRFL season, Teams
Formed on 24 January 1908at Paddington Town HallGround: RAS ShowgroundCaptain: Albert Rosenfeld


1908 NSWRFL season, Teams
Formed on 8 February 1908at Pike's Rooms, Bolton Street, NewcastleCaptain: Stan Carpenter


1908 NSWRFL season, Teams
Formed on 17 January 1908at Redfern Town HallGround: RAS ShowgroundCoach: Arthur HennessyCaptain: Arthur Conlin


1908 NSWRFL season, Season summary
All four games of the premiership's opening round were played on 20 April 1908. Two games were held at Wentworth Park and the other two at Birchgrove Oval. In total, 3000 people attended at each venue for the back-to-back matches, with Glebe, Balmain, South Sydney and Eastern Suburbs winning their respective matches over Newcastle, Western Suburbs, North Sydney and Newtown. In all, ten regular-season rounds were played, to be followed by two semi-finals and then a final.


1908 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The season was a financial disaster for the New South Wales Rugby Football League. The competition had a distinct lack of star players, was hurt by a number of refereeing problems and suffered from a lack of exposure from the conservative press. Many players who had switched over from rugby union were sacked from their weekday jobs and were no longer allowed to enter the Sydney Cricket Ground, home of the New South Wales Rugby Union. The five captains that had moved from rugby union were also publicly ostracised.


1908 NSWRFL season, Season summary
The season's highest crowd came in the second round when South Sydney beat Cumberland in front of 20,000 people. Due to Cumberland having just been admitted into the premiership, this match was played 2 weeks after the other 3 games of round 2 had been completed. South Sydney consequently played their second match of the "round" because of this.


1908 NSWRFL season, Season summary
At the end of the season, Eastern Suburbs' Horrie Miller was the competition's top points scorer and top try scorer.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals
The competition was decided on which side had the most premiership points at the end of the year. After the regular season had completed, the top four teams played an extra round in order break the deadlock between South Sydney and Eastern Suburbs which both ended up on 18 points. After these two teams won their respective semi-finals, a final was played. South Sydney overcame a depleted Eastern Suburbs side to take away the inaugural premiership.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
Both teams were weakened by the absence of players selected to travel to England on the first Kangaroo tour.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
The following is a report from The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper on the final between South Sydney and Eastern Suburbs.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
"The final match to determine the premiership in the first grade of the Rugby League was played on the Agricultural Society's Ground on Saturday in perfect weather. The match was shorn of much interest on account of prominent members of both teams being absent, on their way to England. In accordance with the League rules, one-third of the profits of the match will be devoted to charity. The game, which was brilliant, and at times rather rough, resulted in a victory for South Sydney by 14 points to 12. The winners deserved their victory.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
South Sydney lost the toss, and kicked off from the southern end, an easterly wind blowing across the ground, and the sun shining strongly against them. Play hummed from the beginning. South Sydney having the better of matters, the forwards putting in splendid work. Getting the ball from the scrum repeatedly, South Sydney's backs executed several brilliant bursts, but the tackling of their opponents was very safe. However, they broke through once, Conlin making a beautiful feinting run, and then passing to Senior, on the wing, the latter scoring a pretty try.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
Immediately afterwards Herb Brackenrigg kicked a penalty goal for Eastern Suburbs. South Sydney now attacked strongly, and appeared likely to score, but Horrie Miller, intercepting a yard or so from his own line, raced the whole length of the ground and scored a beautiful try behind the posts. Brackenrigg converted, making the scores 7 points to 3 in favour of Eastern Suburbs.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
On resuming South Sydney obtained the upper hand, forwards and backs playing brilliantly. They made repeated dashes, but could not break through for a long time. Once Storie got across, but was tackled. Then the three-quarters made fine dashes on either wing. From the last of these, which ended on the line, Golden scored a try, which Green failed to convert. Just before half time, Edward Fry marked at Eastern Suburb's 25, and Conlin kicked a fine goal, South Sydney leading by 8 points to 7.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
The second half proved exciting from start to finish, Eastern Suburbs at first attacked and South Sydney got out of the difficulty by forcing. South Sydney now became aggressive, the three-quarters combining very neatly. They repeatedly penetrated the defence, but could not put the finishing touch to the movements for some time. At length Levison obtained a scrum and passed to Conlin, on the wing. The latter dashed for the line, and scored. The kick at goal failed. South Sydney 11 points to 7.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
Eastern Suburbs put in fine work. Dan Frawley and Brackenrigg dribbling almost to the line. Then McNamara dropped a field goal from centre, which reduced South Sydney's lead to 2 points. McNamara almost repeated the performance a few minutes later, South Sydney rallied, and Levison getting from a scrum at the 25 passed in to Butler, who scored. The kick at goal failed.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
Play now became very rough, several players being knocked out temporarily, and the referee had to administer cautions. Near time, Eastern Suburbs came with a rush, and Miller scored a good try, which Brackenrigg failed to convert.


1908 NSWRFL season, Finals, Final
There was no further scoring, South Sydney winning by 14 points to 12.


1908 NSWRFL season, Lower Grades
The NSWRFL also conducted Second and Third Grade competitions in this inaugural season. Matches were held on the same day that the First Grade competition commenced, Easter Monday, 20 April.


1908 NSWRFL season, Lower Grades, Second Grade
Eight teams entered the Second Grade competition: Balmain, Eastern Suburbs, Enfield, Glebe, Newtown, North Sydney, South Sydney, Western Suburbs. By the end of May, however, Enfield had withdrawn. Western Suburbs were not listed to play in July or August.


1908 NSWRFL season, Lower Grades, Second Grade
Eastern Suburbs were the dominant team in the grade. Arrangements were made for the team to play two curtain raisers to representative matches, the first against a Combined Third Grade team. After the penultimate round, the Sydney Sportsman reported, "Glebe II. forfeited to Eastern Suburbs II. at the Agricultural Ground. This gives E.E. the [Second Grade] premiership, for they have been unbeaten throughout the season." Their opponents for the final round of matches also forfeited.


1908 NSWRFL season, Lower Grades, Third Grade
Eight teams entered the Third Grade competition: Balmain, Drummoyne, Eastern Suburbs, Glebe, Newtown, North Sydney, South Sydney, Sydney. North Sydney and South Sydney appear to have withdrawn, however, as they are not listed in the fixtures published on Saturdays in the Sydney Morning Herald in July or August.


1908 NSWRFL season, Lower Grades, Third Grade
The Sydney team won the competition. Arrangements were made for the team to play the second grade premiers, Eastern Suburbs II, in a curtain raiser to the first grade final on 30 August. With many of the Eastern Suburbs second graders required to fill in first grade for club-mates in transit to England, this was quickly changed. Sydney, defeated the third grade runner's up, Drummoyne, in the curtain-raiser, by 11 to 3. The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Sydney had "an unbeaten record", however a result from 8 August in the Sunday Times has Eastern Suburbs III defeating Sydney, by 11 to nil.


1908 NYU Violets football team
The 1908 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1908 college football season. In their second year under head coach Herman Olcott, the team compiled a 2–3–2 record.


1908 Nashville Vols season
The 1908 Nashville Vols season was the 15th season of minor league baseball in Nashville, Tennessee, and the Nashville Vols' 8th season in the Southern Association. The Vols finished the previous season in last place, but this year won the league pennant, by defeating he New Orleans Pelicans 1-0 on the last day of the season in a game dubbed by Grantland Rice "The Greatest Game Ever Played In Dixie."


1908 Nashville Vols season
This is also the season Rice dubbed the ballpark Sulphur Dell. The team's player-manager was Bill Bernhard. The team featured just two players from Tennessee: Pryor McElveen and Hub Perdue. First baseman Jake Daubert led the league in home runs with six.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Before the season
The Vols finished last place in the Southern Association in 1907. A new group of men purchased the team, including Ferdinand E. Kuhn, James B. Carr, Thomas James Tyne, J. T. Connor, James A. Bowling, Robert L. Bolling, Rufus E. Fort, and William G. Hirsig. Well known attorney S. A. Champion supplied legal services. The group envisioned an ambitious project of stadium renovations at Sulphur Dell, and managed to cull $50,000. Kuhn was selected to head the Board of Directors. He went on a trip to Ponce de Leon Park in Atlanta to observe a modern park and plan renovations.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, April
Grantland Rice accompanied the team to Atlanta. President Kuhn ordered a line score hung up on a slate board outside Sulphur Dell, for local fans to follow the game.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, June
On June 15, team captain Mike McCormick had a heated exchange with fans and ultimately abandoned the team.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, June
Despite this, the Vols changed the team and went on a winning streak as a result. On June 20 in an 8–0 win over Montgomery, Butler hit a then-rare, outside-the-park home run.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, July
The seventeen-inning game on July 9 against Mobile was declared a tie. Both pitchers received praise, and Hamilton Love wrote Perdue "has done more than any one man to hold up the team."


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, August
On August 7, Southern Association rookie Sitton debuted against the Crackers, winning a close game 2–1 and striking out eight.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, September
On September 3, Hub Perdue pitched a shutout until the final inning, when he let a run across. He then insisted on pitching the second game of a doubleheader, and pitched a shut-out win.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, September
On September 10, Nashville's John Duggan pitched a no-hitter, the second in team history, against the Little Rock Travelers at Sulphur Dell. Only two Little Rock batters reached base, one via walk and another on a fielding error. Nashville's Pryor McElveen, who had earlier misplayed the ball at third, drove in Doc Wiseman in the sixth inning for the only run of the game, a 1–0 win.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, September
According to one account, "By one run, by one point, Nashville has won the Southern League pennant, nosing New Orleans out literally by an eyelash. Saturday's game, which was the deciding one, between Nashville and New Orleans was the greatest exhibition of the national game ever seen in the south and the finish in the league race probably sets a record in baseball history".


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, September
Carl Sitton's spitball defeated Ted Breitenstein 1–0 in the "Greatest Game". Sitton pitched a complete-game, nine-strikeout, four-hit, shutout.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Schedule, Game summaries, September
Nashville scored in the bottom of the seventh inning. With two outs, catcher Ed Hurlburt hit a single. Then Sitton did too. Harry "Deerfoot" Bay bunted perfectly down the third base line to load the bases, Bay's fondest memory in his long baseball career. Doc Wiseman then drove in the winning run. Sitton was thrown out at home after Hurlburt scored. The time of the game was one hour and forty-two minutes.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Roster
Twenty-four players competed for the Vols over the course of the season. Of these, Daubert, Butler, Wiseman, Perdue, and Sitton were named by Nashville Banner sportswriters Fred Russell and George Leonard to an all-time team consisting of top Nashville players from 1901 to 1919.


1908 Nashville Vols season, Player stats, Batting, Starters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; AVG = Batting average; SLG = Slugging percentage; SB = Stolen bases


1908 Nashville Vols season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; W% = Winning percentage


1908 Nashville vs. New Orleans baseball game
The 1908 Nashville vs. New Orleans baseball game dubbed by Grantland Rice "The Greatest Game Ever Played in Dixie" was a 1–0 pitching duel to decide the Southern Association championship in the dead-ball era, on the last day of the season. The Nashville Vols won the game and thus the pennant by .002 percentage points, after finishing the prior season in last place. Both teams had the same number of losses (56), but the New Orleans Pelicans were in first place with 76 wins to the Vols' second-place 74.


1908 Nashville vs. New Orleans baseball game
Carl Sitton used his spitball to out-pitch Ted Breitenstein for a complete-game, nine-strikeout, four-hit, shutout. According to one account, "By one run, by one point, Nashville has won the Southern League pennant, nosing New Orleans out literally by an eyelash. Saturday's game, which was the deciding one, between Nashville and New Orleans was the greatest exhibition of the national game ever seen in the south and the finish in the league race probably sets a record in baseball history".


1908 Nashville vs. New Orleans baseball game
Nashville scored in the seventh inning with the bases loaded. With two outs, catcher Ed Hurlburt hit a single. Then Sitton did too. Harry "Deerfoot" Bay bunted perfectly down the third base line, Bay's fondest memory in his long baseball career. Julius Augustus "Doc" Wiseman then drove in the winning run. Sitton was thrown out at home after Hurlburt scored. The time of the game was one hour and forty-two minutes.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee
The 1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee was a team-based, inter-city spelling bee held on June 29, 1908, at the Hippodrome Theater in Cleveland, Ohio. Predating the 1st Scripps National Spelling Bee in 1925 by seventeen years, this 1908 competition was the first national spelling bee in the United States. Cleveland won the team competition, and Marie C. Bolden was the individual champion.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee, Competition
The spelling bee was part of the forty-sixth annual convention of the National Education Association (NEA), which was held in Cleveland. The NEA invited teams to compete from across the United States and promoted the competition as the first national spelling bee. Six thousand people, including convention speaker Booker T. Washington, attended the event at the Hippodrome.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee, Competition
Unlike the later Scripps National Spelling Bee competitions, the 1908 NEA Spelling Bee was an inter-city contest, with teams of fifteen eighth-graders each participating from Cleveland, Erie, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, and New Orleans. For the competition, each student took a written spelling test of one hundred words, and then spelled four words aloud on stage. The total number of spelling mistakes in both the written and verbal competitions determined the winning team.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee, Competition
The Cleveland team won the competition with the fewest errors, followed by Pittsburgh in second place, New Orleans in third place, and Erie, Pennsylvania in fourth. Marie C. Bolden, a thirteen-year-old black girl, was the only Cleveland speller with no errors, so she was named the individual champion and received a gold medal.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee, Controversy
Even before the competition, some members of the all-white New Orleans team took offense at competing on the same stage with racially integrated teams such as Cleveland's. After Marie Bolden and the Cleveland team won the competition, New Orleans school superintendent Warren Easton apologized to the people of New Orleans, promised that New Orleans students would not participate in any other contests in Northern states, and was censured by the New Orleans school board for allowing white students to compete against a black speller.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee, Controversy
Also in New Orleans, after Marie Bolden's victory, the local black YMCA organized a spelling bee to be held in her honor. However, under pressure from mayor Martin Behrman due to high tensions "over race questions", the event was canceled.


1908 National Education Association Spelling Bee, Controversy
In the written portion of the competition, pronouncer Solomon Henry Clark gave an incorrect example for the word "capitol", causing many spellers to write it as "capital". After the second-place Pittsburgh team and others raised concerns, the spelling bee organizers re-scored the written tests. After re-scoring, the teams kept their overall rankings, but Marie Bolden no longer had a perfect score, and two other girls on the Cleveland team did. Marie Bolden was still allowed to keep her gold medal and title as champion.


1908 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1908 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1908 college football season. In their first season under Frank Berrien, the Midshipmen compiled a 9–2–1 record, shut out seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 218 to 38.


1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1908 college football season. The team was coached by second-year head coach William C. "King" Cole and played its home games at Antelope Field in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as members of the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA).


1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
This was the final year Nebraska played home games at Antelope Field. Following the 1908 season, the university constructed Nebraska Field, located on campus adjacent to where Memorial Stadium was later built. Nebraska's all-time record at Antelope Field was 56–8–2.


1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Beltzer, Oren HBBentley, Orlando QBBirkner, Hugo HBBowers RGChaloupka, William TCollins, Sydney CCooke, Harold QBEwing, Henry LGFrum, Sidney RGHarte, Louis THarvey, James EHascoll, Vincent QBJohnson, Frank EKroger, Ernest FBMatters, Thomas TMiller, A.H. TMinor, Harry HBPerrin, Dale CSlaughter HBSturmer, Frederick LTSturzenegger, Alfonzo HBTemple, LeRoy FBWolcott, O.M. QB


1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Minnesota
Nebraska again traveled north to face powerhouse Minnesota, ending a four-game losing streak against the Golden Gophers with a goal-line stand to force a scoreless draw.


1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
Kansas ended Nebraska's 11-game home winning streak, NU's first loss at Antelope Field since falling to KU in 1906. After the game, Nebraska players accused Kansas of spying on team practices or otherwise improperly obtaining NU team signals, but the game result stood and gave the Jayhawks the MVIAA championship.


1908 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
For the second consecutive week, Nebraska hosted a team it would play only once in program history. The meeting was arranged to bring the heralded Jim Thorpe to Lincoln, and though Thorpe reportedly struggled, Carlisle dominated the game.


1908 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1908 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908.


1908 Nebraska gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor George L. Sheldon was defeated by Democratic nominee Ashton C. Shallenberger.


1908 Nebraska gubernatorial election, Bibliography
This Nebraska elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1908 New Brunswick general election
The 1908 New Brunswick general election was held on 3 March 1908, to elect 46 members to the 32nd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.


1908 New Brunswick general election
Of forty-six MLAs, twelve supported the government, thirty-one formed the opposition, and the other two were neutral. The incumbent government of Clifford William Robinson was defeated ousting the Liberals who had been in power since 1883.


1908 New Brunswick general election, Further reading
This New Brunswick-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1908 New Brunswick general election, Further reading
This elections in Canada-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1908 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1908 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Republican nominee Henry B. Quinby defeated Democratic nominee Clarence E. Carr with 50.40% of the vote.


1908 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1908 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) during the 1908 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach William G. Hummell, the Aggies compiled a 4–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 179 to 42. The team played its home games on Miller Field.


1908 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1908 were appointments by King Edward VII to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were announced on 31 December 1907.


1908 New York Giants season
The 1908 Major League Baseball season was the 26th season of the New York Giants franchise. The team finished in second place in the National League with a 98–56 record, one game behind the Chicago Cubs.


1908 New York Giants season
Paced by Turkey Mike Donlin, the offense scored the most runs in the league. Donlin led the team in nearly all batting categories and was second in batting to Honus Wagner.


1908 New York Giants season
Giants' pitching shut out the opposition 25 times, a franchise record for 1901 onwards. Future Hall of Famer Christy Mathewson earned the pitching triple crown with 37 wins, 259 strikeouts, and a 1.43 ERA. However, he lost the last game of the season to Three Finger Brown of the Chicago Cubs, and the Giants finished one game back in the pennant race.


1908 New York Giants season
That one-game playoff became necessary after Giants rookie Fred Merkle failed to touch second base at the end of a previous contest, costing them a win. In addition, they were beaten by another rookie, Phillies pitcher Harry Coveleski, three times in five days late in the season. Coveleski was subsequently nicknamed "The Giant Killer".


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary
The Giants opened the season on the road with a 3–1 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies. The Giants took five of their first six games of the season. The home opener at the Polo Grounds was the biggest in club history, as the Giants attracted over 25,000 fans. The Brooklyn Superbas took a 2–1 lead into the bottom of the ninth. Fred Merkle pinch hit for Christy Mathewson and got a ground rule double. Merkle safely advanced to third base on a sacrifice bunt. Fred Tenney hit a grounder and Merkle was caught off third. Captain Donlin hit a two-run home run over the right field wall to win the home opener for the Giants by a score of 3–2.


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary
On July 4, Hooks Wiltse had a perfect game heading into the ninth inning. With two out in the ninth, the perfect game was still intact. George McQuillan was hit by a pitch and Wiltse lost the perfect game. on August 27, the Giants won 18 of their last 23 (including four in a row versus the Pittsburgh Pirates) to take the lead in the National League for the first time since April. During the Giants four-game sweep of the Pirates in late August, the electric scoreboard made its debut in New York. The first electric scoreboard was outside Madison Square Garden, and there was another near the Gotham Theatre on 125th Street.


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary, The Merkle Game
On Wednesday, September 23, against the Chicago Cubs, 19-year-old Fred Merkle committed a base running error that later became known as "Merkle's Boner", and earned Merkle the nickname of "Bonehead."


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary, The Merkle Game
In the bottom of the 9th inning, he came up to bat with two outs, and the score tied 1–1. At the time, Moose McCormick was on first base. Merkle singled, and McCormick advanced to third. Al Bridwell, the next batter, followed with a single of his own. McCormick went home, apparently scoring the winning run of the game. The fans in attendance, under the impression that the game was over, ran onto the field to celebrate.


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary, The Merkle Game
Meanwhile, Merkle, trying to escape the mob of people, ran to the Giants' clubhouse without touching second base. Cubs second baseman Johnny Evers noticed this, and after retrieving a ball and touching second base, he appealed to umpire Hank O'Day to call Merkle out. The validity of the ball was disputed – numerous accounts have Giants pitcher Joe McGinnity intercepting the real ball before Evers could get it. However, since Merkle had not touched the base, the umpire called him out on a force play, and McCormick's run did not count.


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary, The Merkle Game
Since the run was nullified, the Giants' victory was erased, and the score of the game remained tied. Unfortunately, the thousands of fans on the field (as well as the growing darkness in the days before large electric light rigs made night games possible) prevented resumption of the game, and it was declared a tie. The Giants and the Cubs would end the season deadlocked atop the standings and would have a rematch at the Polo Grounds, on October 8. The Cubs won this makeup game, 4–2, and thus the National League pennant.


1908 New York Giants season, Regular season, Season summary, The Merkle Game
Giants manager John McGraw never blamed Merkle for the second-place finish. However, the rookie was hounded by the New York press and fans for years thereafter.


1908 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1908 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1908 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1908 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1908 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1908 New York Highlanders season
The 1908 New York Highlanders season finished with the team in 8th place in the American League with a record of 51–103. Their home games were played at Hilltop Park.


1908 New York Highlanders season
The Highlanders finished in last place, 17 games out of seventh. It was the second-worst season in club history. Starting first baseman Hal Chase left the team in September under allegations that he was throwing games. After Clark Griffith's departure, the Highlanders lost 70 of their last 98 games under new manager Kid Elberfeld.


1908 New York Highlanders season, Regular season
On June 30, Cy Young of the Boston Red Sox threw a no-hitter against the Highlanders. In the game, Young had 3 hits and 4 RBI's. By now the alternate and equally unofficial nickname "Yankees" was being used frequently to refer to the Highlanders. The New York Times article about Young's no-hitter at "the American League Park" (Hilltop Park's formal name), referred to the club exclusively as "Yankees" throughout the article. Other newspapers continued to use the two nicknames interchangeably.


1908 New York Highlanders season, Regular season
On September 4, 5 and 7, 1908, Walter Johnson of the Washington Senators shut out the Highlanders in three consecutive games.


1908 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1908 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1908 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1908 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1908 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1908 New York state election
The 1908 New York state election was held on November 3, 1908, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer, the state engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1908 New York state election, History
The Prohibition state convention met on September 2 at Syracuse, New York. Rev. Dr. George E. Stockwell, of Fort Plain, was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Stockwell 232, Hudson 219). The defeated contender, Marshall A. Hudson, of Syracuse, was nominated for lieutenant governor. The convention also nominated Edgar T. Welch, of Westfield, for secretary of state; Harrison L. Hoyt, of Auburn, for comptroller; William T. Richardson, of Wellsville, for treasurer; W. F. L. Manierre, of New York City, for attorney general; and Albert W. Pierson, of Niagara Falls, for state engineer. Welch declined to run, and the Prohibition State Executive Committee met on September 23 at Syracuse and substituted James C. Crawford, of Mount Vernon, on the ticket. They also nominated Coleridge A. Hart for the Court of Appeals.


1908 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 14 and 15 at Convention Hall in Saratoga, New York. U.S. Secretary of State Elihu Root was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. Governor Charles E. Hughes was re-nominated on the first ballot (the other candidates were Speaker James W. Wadsworth, Jr. and John Knox Stewart). White, Gaus, O'Malley, Williams and Haight were nominated unopposed. Samuel S. Koenig defeated William O. Barnes, of Rensselaer County, for secretary of state; and Thomas B. Dunn defeated H. Homer Moore, of Queens, for treasurer.


1908 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on September 15 and 16 at Rochester, New York. Denis O'Brien was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Alton B. Parker as Permanent Chairman. The incumbent Lt. Gov. Lewis S. Chanler was nominated for governor. The incumbents Whalen, Glynn, Hauser and Republican judge Haight were re-nominated. John Alden Dix was nominated for lieutenant governor, and George M. Palmer for attorney general; all these nominations were made by acclamation. The only contest happened at the nomination for state engineer. Philip P. Farley was nominated on the first ballot (vote: Farley 321, Leonard C. L. Smith 97).


1908 New York state election, History
The Independence League state convention met on September 24 at Cooper Union in New York City. James A. Allen was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. State Chairman William Randolph Hearst assailed in a speech Democrats, Republicans, and the big corporations.


1908 New York state election, History
They nominated by acclamation Clarence J. Shearn for governor; Dr. Daniel W. Finnimore, of Potsdam, for lieutenant governor; Frank H. Stevens, a labor union man of Nassau County, for secretary of state; Willard H. Glen, a lawyer of Syracuse, for comptroller; William I. Sirovich for treasurer; Assistant Attorney General William A. De Ford for attorney general; M. J. Cafiero, of Brooklyn, for state engineer; Reuben Robie Lyon for the Court of Appeals.


1908 New York state election, Result
The incumbents Hughes and Haight were re-elected. The incumbents Whalen, Glynn and Hauser were defeated.


1908 New York state election, Result
The Republican, Democratic, Independence League, Socialist and Prohibition parties maintained automatic ballot status (necessary 10,000 votes), the Socialist Labor Party did not re-attain it.


1908 New York to Paris Race
The 1908 New York to Paris Race was an automobile competition consisting of drivers attempting to travel from New York to Paris. This was a considerable challenge given the state of automobile technology and road infrastructure at the time. Only three of six contestants completed the course. The winner was the American team, driving a 1907 Thomas Flyer.


1908 New York to Paris Race
In 1907 the Peking to Paris automobile race had inspired an even bolder test of these new machines. The following year the course would be from New York City, USA, to Paris, France, with a planned 150-mile (240 km) ship passage from Nome, Alaska, across the Bering Strait to East Cape, Siberia.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The race commenced in Times Square on February 12, 1908. Six cars representing four nations were at the starting line for what would become a 169-day ordeal (making it, in terms of time taken, still the longest motorsport event ever held). Germany, France, Italy, and the United States participated, with the Protos representing Germany, a Zust representing Italy, three cars (De Dion-Bouton, Motobloc, and Sizaire-Naudin) representing France, and a Thomas Flyer representing the United States. At 11:15 AM a gunshot signaled the start of the race. Ahead of the competitors were very few paved roads, and in many parts of the world no roads at all. Often, the teams resorted to straddling locomotive rails with their cars riding tie to tie on balloon tires for hundreds of miles when no roads could be found.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The American Thomas Flyer was in the lead after crossing the United States and arriving in San Francisco in 41 days, 8 hours, and 15 minutes. It was the first crossing of the US by an automobile in winter.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The route then took them to Valdez, Alaska, by ship. The Thomas Flyer crew found impossible conditions in Alaska and the race was rerouted across the Pacific by steamer to Japan where the Americans made their way across to the Sea of Japan. Then it was on to Vladivostok, Siberia, by ship to begin crossing the continents of Asia and Europe. Only three of the competitors made it past Vladivostok: the Protos, the Züst, and the Flyer.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The wet plains of Siberia and Manchuria during the spring thaw made progress difficult. At several points, forward movement was often measured in feet rather than miles per hour. Eventually, the roads improved as Europe approached and the Thomas arrived in Paris on July 30, 1908, to win, having covered approx 16,700 km. The Germans, driven by Hans Koeppen, arrived in Paris four days earlier, but had been penalized a total of 30 days for not going to Japan and for shipping the Protos part of the way by railcar. That gave the win to the Americans with George Schuster (the only American to go the full distance from New York to Paris) by 26 days (still the largest winning margin in any motorsport event ever). The Italians arrived later in September 1908.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The race was of international interest with daily front page coverage by The New York Times (a cosponsor of the race with the Parisian newspaper Le Matin). The significance of the event extended far beyond the race itself. Together with the Peking to Paris race which took place the year before it established the reliability of the automobile as a dependable means of transportation, eventually taking the automobile from an amusement of the rich to a reliable and viable means of long distance transportation for the masses. It also led to the call for improved roads to be constructed in many parts of the world.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The winning driver George Schuster was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame on October 12, 2010.


1908 New York to Paris Race, The 1908 New York to Paris Race
The winning Thomas Flyer is on display in Reno, Nevada, at the National Automobile Museum, alongside the trophy.


1908 New York to Paris Race, World Race 2011
While the planned Great Race 2008 was cancelled as the approval and permits to travel through China were recalled, a second effort was mounted in 2011. World Race 2011 began in Times Square April 14, 2011, as competitors set out to retrace the route taken in 1908 from New York to Paris. Ultimately, four of the starting vehicles, the oldest being a 1929 Ford Model A, a 1932 Ford 3 Window Coupe, the 1967 Volkswagen Beetle, and a 2007 Chevrolet multi-fueled Corvette, reached the Eiffel Tower in Paris on July 21, 2011. Participating in the 2011 race was Jeff Mahl, the great-grandson of George Schuster, the winning driver of the 1908 New York to Paris Race.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia
The 1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia was a tour made by a group of New Zealand Māori rugby footballers who played rugby league matches in Queensland and New South Wales. The tour had a large role in helping the New South Wales Rugby League establish itself in Sydney. As a result, the tour is a significant part of rugby league history. Financial and legal issues disrupted the end of the tour and an exhibition match held under rugby union rules was held to help pay for the teams return voyage to New Zealand.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Background
Rugby league was founded in 1895 when rugby union clubs in Northern England split from the governing body over the ability to pay their players and formed the Northern Union. Similar tensions developed in Australasia and they came to a head when the 1905 Original All Blacks toured Great Britain. This tour made the New Zealand Rugby Union a huge profit of £12,000, yet the players were only paid 3/- a day expenses while on tour.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Background
This resulted in the 1907-08 New Zealand tour of Great Britain to play the Northern union clubs. At the same time in Sydney the New South Wales Rugby League was forming, resulting in the 1908 NSWRFL season.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Background
Albert Asher, an All Black who was injured and could not tour with the 1907-08 New Zealand side, began organising with the NSWRL to host a tour of a New Zealand Māori side, perhaps inspired by the successful 1888–1889 New Zealand Native football team that toured Britain and Australia. Many Māori were reportedly unhappy by their treatment from the Wellington-based NZRU.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Switch of codes
New Zealand newspapers at the time reported that the tour was traveling to Sydney to play the fifteen man code. These reports would have allayed concern from the New Zealand Rugby Union about another break-away tour being organised.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Switch of codes
Stories published after the teams arrival in Sydney stated that they had been surprised to be met by members of the New South Wales Rugby League instead of the New South Wales Rugby Union yet, after a brief meeting, voted to change codes. This story was later retold by the party members, including by Ernie Asher in a 1960 Auckland Star interview.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Switch of codes
However, Albert Asher knew the distinction between the two codes and had been negotiating with the NSWRL for months. Sydney newspapers had also published itineraries and stories about the Māori side that was to play the professional clubs.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
The touring party arrived in Sydney in June and watched the final match of the 1907-08 All Golds on 9 June before the All Golds returned to New Zealand. The Māori side watched a round of the NSWRL Premiership and were advised by referee George Boss as they learned the rules.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
The first match on the tour was against New South Wales and was held as a benefit match to raise funds for the family of Albert Baskiville. New South Wales led 7-3 at halftime and won the match 18-9. The first team for the Māori was Riki Papakura, Hone Tuki, Albert Asher (c), Hauauru Pakere, Te Keepa Pouwhiuwhiu, Niko Ratete, Hone Whiteriana, Hone Pihama, Punga Pakere, TJ Iharairawa, Haukore Ririnui, Henare Rota and Hokopa Hatana. The NSWRL reported that £1,058 was taken at the gate, followed by another £176 at a music concert held in the Town Hall that evening.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
New South Wales also won the second fixture, 30-16 in front of 20,000 fans. Dally Messenger scored 18 of the points himself for New South Wales. The Māori then recorded their first win of the tour, defeating Sydney Metropolitan in a mid-week match. During the match the NSWRL secretary, James Giltinan, left the ground to argue with the referee - creating the first tension between Giltinan and Asher.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
The team then traveled north to Newcastle but not before Giltinan and Asher could clash over the appointment of the touring referee. The team defeated Newcastle 15-2 before heading to Queensland. Due to the dispute over the referee Giltinan made the party pay for the referees expenses. Following the development of legal issues, ten of the touring party were left behind in Sydney when they headed to Queensland. However Giltinan overrode this decision and later sent them to Queensland, at the touring party's expense.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
In Queensland, the Māori won the first match against Queensland 19-16 after leading 16-10 at halftime. They also won the midweek match 13-5. Queensland won the third match 6-5 after a late try to William Hardcastle, a former All Black who now resided in Queensland. The teams then headed to country towns for a series of exhibition matches.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
The first exhibition match at the Toowoomba Agricultural Society Ground ended in controversy when the whole Māori team left the field following the sending off of Hauauru Pakere by referee Micky Dore, who had played for Queensland in Brisbane. The sending off resulted in a brawl that involved spectators and Albert Asher led his team off the field as he feared for his players safety. The second exhibition was played in Warwick and Queensland won 23-14.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
On their return to Sydney they played a match against Newcastle, winning 30-16.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
Once back in Sydney the Māori played a match against a full Australian side, losing 10-20. They then won a match against Sydney Metropolitan at Birchgrove Park. Sydney included Dally Messenger however Sydney lost 13-34.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
Simmering tensions between Giltian and Asher then exploded, resulting in the cancellation of the rest of the tour. Matches against Australia and New South Wales had been planned, as well as potentially a third match against Australia in Melbourne. Initial media reports said the second match against Australia was delayed due to rain, however Asher had accused Giltian of being untruthful about gatetakings for the matches and deducting ground hire fees, despite having a lease over the Sydney Agricultural Ground.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
With the official tour ended and gate takings being held by the NSWRL due to a court order, the Māori needed to find a way to pay for their return voyage. A match under rugby union rules was held at the Sports Ground between the "New Zealand Natives" and a "Metropolis" side made up of players sympathetic to the touring parties plight. The match was a mis-match and the Natives won 32-17.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour
The team was on the dock to wish the Australian side well on their 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain. As soon as the team departed, acting NSWRL secretary Horrie Miller paid for the fares home to New Zealand and the Māori side returned home.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour, Legal troubles
Robert Jack, who was based in Sydney, claimed he had been arranging with Asher to bring a tour to Sydney since October 1907. Following a breakdown in negotiations Asher began negotiating directly with the NSWRL. After their first Sydney leg, Jack took the matter to court where he was successful in having the NSWRL gate takings frozen until the dispute could be resolved. This left the touring party deeply out of pocket and a reduced party was sent on the Queensland leg to save costs.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, The tour, Legal troubles
The matter was left unresolved and was again raised in the courts when the 1909 side visited Australia.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Aftermath
Eight of the players on the tour went on to have notable rugby league careers, with four later representing New Zealand and two playing in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Aftermath
Another Māori tour was organised and the team visited Australia during the 1909 season. These two tours are credited with helping financially establishing the New South Wales Rugby League, as at the time it was surviving “from hand to mouth”.


1908 New Zealand Māori rugby league tour of Australia, Aftermath
Māori players played a big role in the City Rovers and Manukau clubs and a Rotorua sub-league was formed linked to the Auckland Rugby League during the 1909 season.


1908 New Zealand general election
The 1908 New Zealand general election was held on Tuesday, 17 November, 24 November and 1 December in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 2 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 17th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 537,003 (79.8%) voters turned out to vote.


1908 New Zealand general election, Changes to the electoral law
The Second Ballot Act 1908 provided for second or runoff ballots between the top two candidates where the top candidate did not get an absolute majority. The second ballot was held 7 days after the first ballot except in 10 large rural seats, where 14 days were allowed. In 1908, 22 second ballots were held on 24 November and 1 (Bay of Plenty) on 1 December. At the 1911 election, all 30 second ballots were held 7 days later. Two 1909 by-elections (in Rangitikei and Thames) also required second ballots.


1908 New Zealand general election, Changes to the electoral law
The Second Ballot Act of 1908, which did not apply to the Maori electorates, was repealed in 1913.


1908 New Zealand general election, Electorate results
The following are the results of the 1908 general election:


1908 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1908 New Zealand rugby league season was the first season that rugby league had been played in New Zealand. Auckland played Wellington in a two match series that was won by Auckland 1-0. Otago and Southland also participated in a two match series which was drawn 1-all. Auckland and Taranaki then drew a two match series.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season
The impetuous for the season was the return of the 1907-1908 New Zealand professional rugby team that had toured Australia and Great Britain. On their return many players wanted to start the game in New Zealand and helped found clubs. During 1908 a New Zealand Māori rugby league team was also touring Australia. The Māori tour included Alex Stanaway, Peter Moko, Glen Pakere, Albert and Ernie Asher, Riki Papakura and Frank Barclay.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, First game
The first game of rugby league ever played in New Zealand occurred on 13 June 1908 and was played between members of the 1907-1908 touring party. The game was a memorial game for the deceased Albert Baskerville and was held at Athletic Park in Wellington. New South Wales were originally scheduled to participate but they instead remained in Sydney to play the touring Māori team. Instead the touring party divided themselves into two groups and played each other. 8,000 people attended to see the "Wright's Blacks" defeat the "Turtill's Reds" 55-20. The match allowed the team to raise £300 for Mrs Baskiville, Albert's mother. It was also the last match of rugby league played at Athletic Park until 1990.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Club game
The Britannia and Pirates rugby union clubs, from Dunedin and Invercargill respectively, played the first club game of rugby league in New Zealand on 22 July at Domain Ground, Bluff, using rule books bought back to New Zealand by the touring party and sent down to Invercargill. All Black Ned Hughes was the captain of the Britannia club, which also included future New Zealand international Walter Milne. The match was played after both sides had been suspended by the Southland Rugby Union for "striking" after they had refused to go back onto the field after halftime due to the blizzard conditions.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Auckland v Wellington
As the majority of the returned players were from Auckland and Wellington these two regions had an advantage in setting up teams. It is therefore of no surprise that the first provincial games of rugby league were played between Auckland and Wellington.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Auckland v Wellington, Game one
The first game was played at Victoria Park, Auckland on 24 August in front of a crowd of 8,000. Victoria Park was the home of the new Ponsonby United Rugby League Club which had been founded by Bill Tyler and Charles Dunning. Daniel Fraser was the organising secretary and thirteen of the tourists took part in the game including Dick Wynyard, who captained Auckland. Wellington scored four tries to Auckland's two but Auckland won 16-14 due to the goal kicking of Bill Tyler.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Auckland v Wellington, Game one
Edward Tyne and Adam Lile both worked for the New Zealand Railways Department and were threatened with losing their jobs if they played in the match. Tyne, who had a family, withdrew while Lile played and was subsequently fired.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Auckland v Wellington, Game two
A return match was played at Petone Recreation Ground, Petone on 12 September and was drawn 13-all in front of 4,000 spectators. The Wellington side were bolstered by All Golds Hercules Wright, Tom Cross and Edward Tyne who had missed the first match. Future internationals Bert King and Henry Knight also made their debuts for Wellington in this match. Auckland had lost Bill Wynyard but gained Albert Asher and Frank Barclay.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Otago v Southland
After the first club game in the South Island the Northern Union Amateur Rugby League (Otago Centre) was formed. The organisation then arranged a home and away series between Otago and Southland. All members of the two teams were given life bans by the New Zealand Rugby Union.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Otago v Southland, Game one
The first game was played at Caledonian Ground in Dunedin on 3 October and used goalposts which were rented from the Otago Rugby Union. The Southland side included Ned Hughes, George Burgess and Don Hamilton, all former All Blacks. Otago won the match 11-8.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Otago v Southland, Game one
The Otago side was made up of fullback D Bannantyne, three-quarters J Harrhy, WR Kirk and G Ogg, five-eighths EO Nees and P Walker, halfback J Coulter, and forwards J Bryant, E Manley (captain), T Mockford, W Harridge, J Campbell and Larkins.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Otago v Southland, Game two
A return match was played at Queens Park, Invercargill on 7 October. Southland was able to win the match 30-14 and draw the series.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Taranaki v Auckland
Meanwhile, Adam Lile had been organising the game in Taranaki and a Taranaki team took on Auckland in a two match series with Lile acting as Taranaki's player-coach.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Taranaki v Auckland, Game one
The first game was held in New Plymouth five days after the second Auckland v Wellington match. On the 17 September Aucklanmd lost to Taranaki 5-3 at Western Park in front of a crowd of 600. Auckland included Alf Chorley, who had previously played for Halifax and Swinton, and Thomas Houghton. Taranaki included Arthur Hardgrave, Ernie Buckland and Gordon Hooker.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Taranaki v Auckland, Game two
Auckland however won the second game 21-18. This match was held in Auckland.


1908 New Zealand rugby league season, Ponsonby
The Ponsonby United Rugby League Club was formed in August 1908 by a group that included Billy Tyler and Charlie Dunning. Ponsonby played a series of matches against loosely organised teams during 1908.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election
The Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Vacancy
Thomas Cairns had been Liberal MP for the seat of Newcastle-upon-Tyne since the 1906 general election. He died on 3 September 1908.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Liberal since they gained it in 1906;


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal Association selected 46-year-old Edward Shortt to defend the seat. The son of a Newcastle upon Tyne Church of England vicar, he was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1890 and practised on the North Eastern Circuit. He had served as Recorder (part-time judge) of Sunderland since 1907.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives retained 58-year-old George Renwick as their candidate. Renwick was elected to Parliament in 1900 as Conservative member for Newcastle-upon-Tyne, serving from 1900 until his defeat in 1906. Renwick was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. He joined shipowners Pyman, Bell & Co as a clerk and then co-founded his own business, Fisher, Renwick & Co. He had particularly large interests in drydocks, including the world's first ever floating repair docks, the Tyne Pontoons at Wallsend, which he sold to Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd in 1903.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Candidates
The Newcastle Independent Labour Party selected J. J. Stephenson as a candidate. This was in conflict with the electoral alliance that had existed between the Liberal and Labour parties. However, the Labour Party National Executive persuaded the Labour candidate to withdraw. The Social Democratic Federation, with the support of some local Independent Labour Party branches, then nominated their own candidate, 53-year-old Bradford man, Edward Hartley. Hartley had fought Bradford East at the last General election, finishing third. Before that he had fought Dewsbury at the 1895 general election and then the 1902 Dewsbury by-election.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was fixed for the 25 September 1908, just 22 days after the death of the previous MP.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Campaign
The constituency included at least 2,000 Irish voters, mainly Roman Catholics, who could normally be relied upon to vote Liberal. However, the Liberals banned the carrying of the Host in the Eucharistic Congress Procession in London earlier in the month, which was expected to cost them votes in Newcastle.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Campaign
The SDF candidate antagonised the ILP and the local suffragists by refusing to pledge himself to oppose any future franchise reform restricted to manhood suffrage.


1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, Aftermath
Shortt re-gained the seat from Renwick at the following General Election. Hartley returned to Bradford where he was again defeated at Bradford East;


1908 Newfoundland general election
The 1908 Newfoundland general election was held on 2 November 1908 to elect members of the 21st General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The seats were split evenly between the Liberal Party and the new Newfoundland People's Party formed by Edward Morris after he resigned from the Liberal government in 1907 and joined with the opposition. Robert Bond, the Liberal leader, asked the Governor William MacGregor to dissolve the assembly. MacGregor refused to do this and Bond resigned as Premier. The Governor asked Edward P. Morris to form a government. The assembly was not able to elect a speaker and, after the Governor was unable to convince the two party leaders to form a coalition government, the house of assembly was dissolved on April 9, 1909.


1908 Newport by-election
The Newport (Shropshire) by-election of 1908 was held on 14 May 1908. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Kenyon-Slaney. It was won by the Conservative candidate Beville Stanier.


1908 News of the World Match Play
The 1908 News of the World Match Play was the sixth News of the World Match Play tournament. It was played from Tuesday 6 to Thursday 8 October at Mid-Surrey Golf Club. 32 players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 18 holes, except for the final which was over 36 holes. The winner received £100 out of a total prize fund of £240. J.H. Taylor defeated Fred Robson by 2 holes in the final to win the tournament.


1908 News of the World Match Play, Qualification
Entry was restricted to members of the Professional Golfers' Association (PGA). Qualification was by a series of 36-hole stroke-play competitions; one for each of the six PGA sections. The Southern section had 14 qualifiers, the Northern section 7, the Midland and the Scottish sections 4, the Irish section 2 and the Welsh section 1. Compared to 1907 there was one extra qualifier for the Northern section and one less for Welsh section. In the event of a tie for places there was a playoff.


1908 News of the World Match Play, Format
The format was unchanged. Matches were over 18 holes except for the final which was over 36 holes. Extra holes were played in the event of a tied match. Two rounds were played on the first day, two more on the second day with the final on the third day.


1908 News of the World Match Play, Prize money
The winner received £100 and a gold medal, the runner-up £30 and a silver medal, the losing semi-finalists £15 and a bronze medal, while the third round losers received £10 and the second round losers received £5.


1908 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team
The 1908 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1908 college football season. The team was led by coach Mickey Whitehurst.


1908 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1908 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1908 college football season. The team captain of the 1908 season was Romy Story.


1908 North Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1908 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Democratic nominee William Walton Kitchin defeated Republican nominee J. Elwood Cox with 57.31% of the vote. At the time, Kitchin was a congressman, while Cox was a banker and manufacturer.


1908 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1908 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) as an independent during the 1908 college football season. In their only year under head coach Paul Magoffin, the team compiled a 2–3 record.


1908 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1908 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Incumbent Democrat John Burke defeated Republican nominee C. A. Johnson with 51.06% of the vote.


1908 North Leitrim by-election
The North Leitrim by-election of 1908 was held on 21 February 1908. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Charles Dolan in order to re-fight the constituency on behalf of Sinn Féin. Dolan had quit the Parliamentary Party over dissatisfaction with its recent performance. The party for which he ran, Sinn Féin, was just over two years old and lacked any real financial power. Dolan lost to the Irish Parliamentary candidate Francis Meehan.


1908 North Leitrim by-election
Sinn Féin ran their campaign from their office on Castle Street in Manorhamilton. Their Director of Elections was Seán Mac Diarmada of Corranmore, Kiltyclogher, who was later a signatory of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic and was executed as one of the leaders of the 1916 Rising.


1908 Northern Illinois State Normal football team
The 1908 Northern Illinois State Normal football team represented Northern Illinois State Normal College as an independent in the 1908 college football season. They were led by third-year head coach Nelson A. Kellogg and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The team finished the season with a 1–5–1 record. Irwin Madden was the team's captain.


1908 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1908 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1908 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach Alton Johnson, and following a two-year hiatus in which Northwestern did not field a football team, the Purple compiled a 2–2 record (0–2 against Western Conference opponents) and finished in last place in the Western Conference.


1908 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1908 Norwegian Football Cup was the seventh season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for 1908 local association leagues (kretsserier) champions, except in Smaalene and Kristiania og omegn, where a separate cup qualifying tournament was held. Lyn won their first title.


1908 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1908 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1908 college football season. The team compiled an 8–1 record, outscored their opponents by a total of 326 to 20, not allowing any opponents to cross their goal line during the season (all poits against them were from field goals).


1908 OPHL season
The 1908 OPHL season was the first season of the Ontario Professional Hockey League. The Toronto Professional Hockey Club had the best record to win the league championship.


1908 OPHL season, Exhibitions
After the season, a game was held in Toronto between the Torontos and an All-Star team composed of players from the other teams. Toronto would defeat the All-Stars 16–10.


1908 OPHL season, Playoffs
After the season, Toronto would challenge the ECAHA champion Montreal Wanderers for the Stanley Cup. Toronto would impress the Wanderers with their quality of play, but were defeated 6–4 on March 14 on two late goals by Ernie Johnson and Bruce Stuart.


1908 Ohio Northern football team
The 1908 Ohio Northern football team represented Ohio Northern University during the 1908 college football season. Ohio Northern set a school record in wins with their 9–1 record, which would not be broken until the 1999 team's 11–2 record. They also outscored their opponents by a total of 211 to 83, the majority of those 83 points coming in Ohio Northern's only loss, a 4–58 thumping by Notre Dame.


1908 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1908 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1908 college football season. In their third season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein, the Buckeyes compiled a 6–4 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 118 to 92.


1908 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1908 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Democratic nominee Judson Harmon defeated incumbent Republican Andrew L. Harris with 49.20% of the vote.


1908 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team
The 1908 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1908 college football season. This was the eighth year of football at A&M and the first under Ed Parry. The Aggies played their home games in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 4–4.


1908 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1908 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1908 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled an 8–1–1 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 272 to 35.


1908 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1908 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1908 college football season.


1908 Ole Miss Rebels football team
Commenting on the game between Vanderbilt and Ole Miss which he officiated, Grantland Rice called captain Ike Knox, "a sensation in light hair, broad shoulders and stocky frame that gave both the Commodore offense and defense a shock that will not soon be forgotten." Rice continued: "Time and again, as a Commodore back would start down the field, the gorilla-like arms of the demon Knox would encircle his frame and said runner wasn’t only checked, but more often still, literally hurled yards towards his own goal line." In another article Rice wrote that only the mediocrity of his team kept Knox from being regionally and nationally famous: "If Knox has been upon a Vanderbilt, Sewanee or Auburn eleven he would more than likely have been hailed as one of the greatest halfbacks of the decade."


1908 Ontario general election
The 1908 Ontario general election was the 12th general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 8, 1908, to elect the 106 Members of the 12th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").


1908 Ontario general election
The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Sir James P. Whitney, was elected for a second term in government, increasing its majority in the Legislature significantly.


1908 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Alexander Grant MacKay, continued to lose seats.


1908 Ontario general election
Allan Studholme became the province's first Labour MLA as the result of a 1906 Hamilton East by-election. He was re-elected in the 1908 general election and would remain in the legislature until his death in 1919.


1908 Ontario general election, Further reading
This elections in Canada-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1908 Open Championship
The 1908 Open Championship was the 48th Open Championship, held 18–19 June at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. James Braid won the Championship for the fourth time, eight strokes ahead of runner-up Tom Ball.


1908 Open Championship
Qualifying took place on Tuesday and Wednesday, 16–17 June, and the players were divided into two "sections." Those in the first section played on the first morning and second afternoon while those in the second section played on the first afternoon and second morning. After the 36 holes the leading thirty players and ties qualified from each section. The qualifying score of 163 was the same in both sections, and 65 players qualified. J.H. Taylor led the first section with a score of 150 while the Scottish amateur Robert Andrew led the second section with the same score.


1908 Open Championship
The first round on Thursday morning was noted for its low scoring, especially on the first nine holes. Ernest Gray, from Littlehampton, went out in 31 and equalled J.H. Taylor's record score of 68 set at Royal St George's in 1904. Braid finished with a 70 after going out in 33, with Fred Robson in third place after a 72. Ben Sayers was amongst those in fourth place on 74 after he too went out in 33.


1908 Open Championship
In the afternoon Gray was eleven shots worse with a round in 79 while Braid added a 72 to lead by five strokes from Gray with Sandy Herd and David Kinnell a further stroke behind. Braid again played the front nine in 33 and although he took six at the 13th he had a comfortable lead at the end of the day.


1908 Open Championship
On Friday morning, Braid began the third round badly. After taking five at the first hole, he followed with an eight at the third. Despite slicing his tee shot into the rough he tried to carry the Cardinal Bunker but failed. His bunker shot hit the sleepers and went out of bounds and, after dropping in the bunker, he hit the sleepers again, this time landing further back in the bunker. He finally escaped the bunker, played a further shot to the green and two-putted for an eight.


1908 Open Championship
Under modern rules, he would have scored nine but at the time there was no penalty stroke for "out of bounds." After this, he recovered well and finished with a 77, only three strokes worse than the best rounds of the morning. With Gray taking 83 and Herd coming back in 45, Braid, on 219, had extended his lead to six strokes over Ball and Ted Ray.


1908 Open Championship
Braid had a final round of 72, the best of the afternoon to win by eight shots. His total of 291 was an Open Championship record, beating Jack White's 296 in 1904. After poor scores on the first day, Harry Vardon and Taylor were amongst the best scorers on the second day and finished in ties for fifth and seventh places.


1908 Open Championship, Past champions in the field
Did not enter: Jack White (1904), Harold Hilton (1892, 1897), William Auchterlonie (1893).


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) as an independent during the 1908 college football season.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
In their third and final season under head coach Fred Norcross, the Aggies compiled a 4–3–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 83 to 51. Against major opponents, the Aggies lost to Oregon (8–0) and Washington (32–0).


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Background
Students began to return to Corvallis during the last week of September, with registration for the coming year projected at 1,400 students. Despite the construction of 100 new houses, a shortage of living facilities was projected, with many families in town opening up their homes to students in exchange for room and board ranging from $4 to $5 per week.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Background
The community anxiously awaited the return of their gridiron heroes, with the Corvallis Gazette making front page news of the fact that a record 93 young men had signed up for football in 1908 — a total said to be the largest of any school in the Northwest. Head coach Fred Norcross hired four assistant coaches for the season to make sure that every prospective player was provided with a comprehensive try-out. The team's hopes for the 1908 campaign were further bolstered by news that All-Northwest Tackle Jamieson would be returning to the field for the Aggies after flirting with a transfer to Utah Agricultural College.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Background
Early plans were laid for a special excursion to the November 21 game against the arch-rival University of Oregon Webfoots, slated to be held on neutral grounds in Portland. It was estimated that between 1,000 and 1,500 fans would make the northward trek from Corvallis and Eugene to see the match, with some 500 OAC students headed by a 40-piece band anticipated to be among the throng.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Game 2: Puget Sound Athletic Club
The Aggies played their first "real" game of the 1908 season against the Puget Sound Athletic Club of Tacoma, Washington. The match was won by OAC by a score of 26–0.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Game 3: Columbia Athletic Club
OAC's third game of the year was against Columbia Athletic Club of Portland. Few details of the contest have been preserved outside of the winning score of 10–0 for the Aggies.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Game 4: Willamette University
The Aggies trounced Willamette University in their fourth contest of the season, racing to a 23–0 lead at halftime en route to a 28–0 shutout of the Bearcats. After holding Willamette to just 10 yards in their first possession, the Aggies took over after a punt on their own 10 yard line and promptly marched 90 yards for their first score, with only two minutes of game time elapsed. The backfield of Hastings, Wolff, and Keck ripped off long run after long run, crossing the goal line three times by intermission.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Game 4: Willamette University
In the second half the Aggies declined to run up the score by trying a series of long field goals, missing several. A final touchdown was scored by Keck of the Aggies in the second half, with a second scoring bid, a long kick return by OAC captain Carl Wolff, called back due to a penalty.


1908 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team, Season history, Game 5: Whitman College
Commerce virtually shut down in sleepy downtown Corvallis on Wednesday, November 11, with the stands filling with home-team orange to witness an afternoon of football at the local field. Gates opened at 1 pm and with an hour-long tilt between the freshman and sophomores prior to the headline varsity match. The action started at 3:10, with OAC winning the coin toss and electing to receive. The opening drive was halted and a defensive battle ensued, with the teams exchanging several punts. Near the close of the half OAC hit on a field goal attempt and took a 3–0 lead to halftime.