1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 1912 Tour de France was the 10th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 30 June and Stage 8 occurred on 14 July with a flat stage to Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 28 July.


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 1
30 June 1912 — Paris to Dunkerque, 351 km (218.1 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 2
2 July 1912 — Dunkerque to Longwy, 388 km (241.1 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 3
4 July 1912 — Longwy to Belfort, 331 km (206 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 4
6 July 1912 — Belfort to Chamonix, 344 km (214 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 5
8 July 1912 — Chamonix to Grenoble, 366 km (227 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 6
10 July 1912 — Grenoble to Nice, 323 km (201 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 7
12 July 1912 — Nice to Marseille, 334 km (208 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 8
14 July 1912 — Marseille to Perpignan, 335 km (208.2 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15
The 1912 Tour de France was the 10th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 30 June and Stage 9 occurred on 16 July with a flat stage from Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 28 July.


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 9
18 July 1912 — Perpignan to Luchon, 289 km (180 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 10
18 July 1912 — Luchon to Bayonne, 326 km (202.6 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 11
20 July 1912 — Bayonne to La Rochelle, 379 km (235 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 12
21 July 1912 — La Rochelle to Brest, 470 km (290 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 13
24 July 1912 — Brest to Cherbourg, 405 km (252 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 14
26 July 1912 — Cherbourg to Le Havre, 361 km (224 mi)


1912 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 15
28 July 1912 — Le Havre to Paris, 317 km (197 mi)


1912 Triangular Tournament
The 1912 Triangular Tournament was a Test cricket competition played between Australia, England and South Africa, the only Test-playing nations at the time.


1912 Triangular Tournament
The ultimate winners of the tournament were England, with four wins in their six matches, but the tournament was deemed a failure, with disappointing crowds and uncompetitive cricket, caused in part by a weakened Australia team.


1912 Triangular Tournament
The tournament was the first tournament in Test history to be played between more than two nations. It was the only such tournament until the Asian Test Championships of 1998–99 and 2001–02, and the ICC World Test Championship which began in 2019.


1912 Triangular Tournament, Background
The idea of a competition involving all three of the nations then playing Test cricket (Australia, England and South Africa) was proposed at the first meeting of the Imperial Cricket Council in July, 1909. The original proposal was for a tournament to be held every four years, with the first hosted by England in 1912.


1912 Triangular Tournament, Background
For a variety of reasons, the tournament was not a success. The summer was one of the wettest since records began in 1766: rainfall in the three months of June, July and August was more than twice the annual average, and August, 1912, was the coldest, dullest and wettest August of the 20th century. At that time, pitches were not covered to protect them against rain, so the batsmen were at a distinct disadvantage on the proverbial sticky wicket.


1912 Triangular Tournament, Background
These problems were exacerbated since Tests in England were in those days played over three days rather than the five days that is now usual. Two of the matches between England and Australia were drawn due to the weather, with the final match being played on a pitch said to be "better suited to water polo".


1912 Triangular Tournament, Background
In addition, disputes between the players and management in Australia meant that six leading Australian players refused to tour (including the captain, Clem Hill, and Victor Trumper, neither of whom played for Australia again), weakening a side that had otherwise been level with England in recent Ashes series. The leg spin and googly bowlers in the South African side were very effective on the matting pitches then in use in South Africa, but were less threatening on English grass pitches. As a result, England dominated, winning four of their six matches and drawing the other two.


1912 Triangular Tournament, Background
Finally, the British public showed little interest:  in the words of The Daily Telegraph:  "Nine Tests provide a surfeit of cricket, and contests between Australia and South Africa are not a great attraction to the British public."


1912 Triangular Tournament, Background
The tournament was so unsuccessful that it has never been repeated. The idea of a tournament of international cricket matches between more than two countries was not repeated, outside of regional tournaments in East Africa and the West Indies, until the invention of One Day International cricket and the first Cricket World Cup in 1975. The only other Test cricket tournaments in history were the Asian Test Championships played in 1998–99 and 2001–02, which were also not great successes, until the ICC World Test Championship began in 2019.


1912 Triangular Tournament, Notable incidents
Perhaps the most notable incident of the series was Australian bowler Jimmy Matthews taking two hat-tricks in the same Test match, one in each innings of the opening match against South Africa, the only time a bowler has taken two hat-tricks in the same Test.


1912 Tulane Olive and Blue football team
The 1912 Tulane Olive and Blue football team represented Tulane University during the 1912 college football season.


1912 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1912 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, United States. The men's singles tournament ran from 19 August until 26 August while the women's singles and doubles championship took place from 10 June to 15 June at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill. It was the 32nd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The challenge round was abolished in this edition, thus requiring all participants, including the defending champion, to play the main draw.


1912 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
Maurice McLoughlin defeated  Wallace F. Johnson  3–6, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2


1912 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Maurice McLoughlin /  Tom Bundy defeated  Raymond Little /  Gustave F. Touchard 3–6, 6–2, 6–1, 7–5


1912 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Mary Browne /  Dorothy Greene defeated  Maud Barger-Wallach /  Mrs. Frederick Schmitz 6–2, 5–7, 6–0


1912 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Mary Browne /  R. Norris Williams defeated  Eleonora Sears /  William Clothier 6–4, 2–6, 11–9


1912 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Maurice McLoughlin defeated Wallace F. Johnson 3–6, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1912 U.S. National Championships. The event was held at the Newport Casino in Newport, R.I., USA. The challenge round was abolished in this edition, thus requiring all participants, including the defending champion, to play the main draw.


1912 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Mary Browne defeated Eleonora Sears 6–4, 6–2 in the tennis final of the 1912 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. The event was held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA from June 10 through June 15, 1912. The defending champion, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, did not participate in this edition and therefore no challenge round was played.


1912 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1912 U.S. Open was the 18th U.S. Open, held August 1–2 at the Country Club of Buffalo in Amherst, New York, a suburb east of Buffalo. (The course is now Grover Cleveland Golf Course, owned by Erie County. The Country Club of Buffalo relocated several miles east in 1926 to Williamsville ().) Twenty-year-old John McDermott successfully defended his U.S. Open title, two strokes ahead of runner-up Tom McNamara.


1912 U.S. Open (golf)
At the end of the second round on Thursday, Mike Brady, Percy Barrett, and Alex Smith were tied for the lead, with defending champion McDermott two back.


1912 U.S. Open (golf)
In the third round on Friday morning, played in rainy conditions with thunderstorms threatening to disrupt play, McDermott managed to card a 74 despite hitting two drives out of bounds. He still trailed Brady by three going into the final round in the afternoon, but Brady struggled on his way to a 79 and 299 total. McNamara, seven back at the start of the round, fired a course-record 69 to post 296; his 142 over the last two rounds was a new tournament record, but not enough to catch McDermott. Despite a bogey on the last hole, McDermott carded a 71 for a 294 total, two shots ahead of McNamara.


1912 U.S. Open (golf)
McDermott, age 20, was already a two-time U.S. Open champion, but by 1914 his golf career was over. After a series of personal setbacks, he began suffering from mental illness and spent most of the rest of his life in a mental institution.


1912 U.S. Open (golf)
Jim Barnes, a future champion in 1921, tied for 18th in his first U.S. Open. Horace Rawlins, the winner of the inaugural Open in 1895, made his final appearance and missed the cut.


1912 U.S. Open (golf)
The par-6 tenth hole measured 606 yards (554 m), the longest hole in U.S. Open history up to that point and the only time a hole was given a par more than five.


1912 U.S. Open (golf), Past champions in the field
Did not play: Laurie Auchterlonie (1902), Harry Vardon (1900), Willie Smith (1899).


1912 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round
Amateurs: Travis (+11), J. Anderson (+14), Gardner (+23), Lee (+29).


1912 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1912 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Newark, New Jersey, the United States from 30 August to 4 September 1912. Three events for men were contested, two for professionals and one for amateurs.


1912 USFSA Football Championship
Statistics of the USFSA Football Championship in the 1912 season.


1912 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona
The 1912 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona was held on November 5, 1912, to elect the U.S. representative from Arizona's at-large congressional district to represent the U.S. state of Arizona in the 63rd Congress. The election coincided with other elections, including the U.S. presidential election, as well as various state and local elections.


1912 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona
Incumbent Carl Hayden was elected to his first full term as a congressman after winning 54% of the vote in 1911. He faced future Arizona governor Thomas Edward Campbell, as well as Robert Fisher, a nominee of the newly formed Progressive Party.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1912 were held for members of the 63rd Congress, coinciding with the election of President Woodrow Wilson.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections
Wilson's victory was partly due to the division of the opposition Republican Party into conservative and progressive factions. While many progressives stayed within the party framework, they maintained lukewarm relationships with Republican leadership. Others formed a third party known as the Progressives and several switched allegiance to the Democrats. A message of unity was portrayed by the Democrats, allowing this group to present themselves as above the bickering and corruption that had become associated with the Republican internal feud. Many of the new seats that were added after the prior census ended up in Democratic hands. In addition, William Kent, who had been elected to the House as a Republican in 1908, was elected to California's 1st congressional district as an Independent.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections
The number of representatives was increased for this election to 435, where it currently stands (aside from 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states).


1912 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
In reapportionment following the 1910 census, 41 new seats were added, bringing the House to its modern size. This would be the last time the size of the House changed, except for a temporary addition of two seats in 1959 after the admission of Alaska and Hawaii and subsequent return to 435 in 1963. In the reapportionment, 1 state lost 1 seat, 22 states had no change in apportionment, 16 states gained 1 seat each, 5 states gained 2 seats each, 2 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 6 seats. Twelve states used at-large seats in addition to districts to elect new seats.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates
Two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early in 1912:


1912 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates
This was the last year that Vermont held early elections.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections
There were four special elections in 1912 to the 57th United States Congress.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections, Utah
The Utah election consisted of an all-party general ticket election to the two at-large seats. Howell was elected to the first at-large seat, while Johnson was elected to the second at-large seat, but they were nevertheless placed in districts.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections, Non-voting delegates, Alaska Territory
Alaska Territory elected its non-voting delegate on August 13, 1912.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1912 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 5, 1912. California gained three seats as a result of the 1910 Census, all of which were won by Republicans. Of California's existing districts, Republicans lost three, two to Democrats and one to a Republican-turned-Progressive.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
Elections for four seats in the United States House of Representatives in Florida for the 63rd Congress were held November 5, 1912, at the same time as the election for President and the election for governor.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background
Florida had had three seats in the House of Representatives since 1902. After the 1910 census, Florida was apportioned a fourth seat. Florida was not immediately redistricted, however. For this election only, the fourth seat was elected at-large, each voter casting two votes - one for the Representative from their own district, and a second for the at-large seat.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background
Former President Theodore Roosevelt had launched a short-lived third party known as the Progressive Party or "Bull Moose party", who challenged the dominant Democrats in all four seats, alongside the Republicans, Socialists, and (for two seats) the Prohibitionists, resulting in an unusual 5-way election in Florida.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results
Dannite H. Mays (D) lost his attempt at renomination in the 3rd district.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 5, 1912 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Six incumbents were re-elected, but J. Edwin Ellerbe of the 6th congressional district was defeated in the Democratic primary. The seat was retained by the Democrats and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George Swinton Legaré of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1903, defeated L.L. Larisey in the Democratic primary and two minor candidates in the general election.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James F. Byrnes of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1911, defeated Harry D. Calhoun in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Wyatt Aiken of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1903, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Joseph T. Johnson of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1901, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman David E. Finley of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1899, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman J. Edwin Ellerbe of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1901, was defeated in the Democratic primary by J. Willard Ragsdale. He was unopposed in the general election.


1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Asbury Francis Lever of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1901, defeated Republican challenger A.D. Dantzler.


1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona
The 1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona took place  in the Arizona State Legislature on March 27, 1912, confirming the selection of Marcus A. Smith and Henry F. Ashurst as the state's first U.S. Senators. Their results were pre-determined on the basis on the results of a popular vote taken on December 12, 1911.


1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona
This marked the first U.S. Senate elections held in the state after it was admitted to the union as the 48th state on February 14, 1912. The two men were sworn in on April 2, 1912.


1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution on April 8, 1913, on ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures.


1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona, Class 1
Henry F. Ashurst was elected to the Territorial House of Representatives in 1897. He was re-elected in 1899, and became the territory's youngest speaker. In 1902, he was elected to the Territorial Senate. In 1911, Ashurst presided over Arizona's constitutional convention. During the convention, he positioned himself for a U.S. Senate seat by avoiding the political fighting over various clauses in the constitution which damaged his rivals.


1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona, Class 3
Marcus A. Smith announced his candidacy for one of Arizona's two senate seats on September 24, 1911. As the campaign began, Smith abandoned his long standing conservative stand and declared himself a "Progressive".


1912 United States cold wave
The 1912 United States cold wave was one of the coldest periods since 1870 in the northern United States, according to the U.S. National Weather Service. The cold wave started in November 1911 and finally ended in March 1912, with periodic interruptions by milder temperatures.


1912 United States cold wave, November 1911–January 1912
The cold wave began in November 1911 when the  Great Blue Norther dropped temperatures abruptly. It was the coldest November on record in the contiguous U.S., with an average temperature of 37.27 °F (2.93 °C), while December was relatively mild.


1912 United States cold wave, November 1911–January 1912
January 1912 was the seventh-coldest January on record in the contiguous U.S. The states of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota had their coldest Januaries on record. Minneapolis/Saint Paul endured a record-setting 186 consecutive hours of below 0 °F (−17.78 °C) temperatures, from 8 pm on December 31 until 1 pm on January 8. After only four hours above 0 °F, the temperature again dropped below zero, this time for 121 consecutive hours, until 10 am on January 13. Sioux Falls, South Dakota dropped to −38 °F (−38.9 °C) on January 12, which is the city's second-lowest temperature during its 1893 through 2017 period of record.


1912 United States cold wave, November 1911–January 1912
After originating in the Arctic, this very cold air mass moved south. When it reached the northern U.S., much of the area experienced dangerous wind chills. The cold wave reportedly killed 47 Americans during its first two weeks. The cold was so severe that Niagara Falls froze over completely at one point, forming an ice bridge.


1912 United States cold wave, February–March 1912
February 1912 was less extreme. It was the 23rd-coldest February on record for the contiguous U.S.


1912 United States cold wave, February–March 1912
March 1912 was the second-coldest March on record for the contiguous U.S., with widespread heavy snowfalls. Williston, North Dakota had its coldest March on record from 1895 through 2017.


1912 United States cold wave, 1912 climate
In the contiguous U.S., the average daily maximum temperature for 1912 was 61.97 °F (16.65 °C), which is the lowest ever recorded from 1895 through 2017. The year's average daily temperature for the contiguous U.S. was 50.23 °F (10.13 °C), which is the second-lowest ever recorded during those years and slightly milder than 1917's 50.06 °F (10.03 °C).


1912 United States cold wave, Aftermath
The United States Department of Agriculture reported that a freeze in late-December caused $6 million in damages ($159 million today) to the California citrus industry. The department also claimed that its frost warnings prevented an additional $14 million in damages ($371 million today).


1912 United States cold wave, Aftermath
These cold waves led to the first use of electric heaters and special sheds to protect against frosts and freezes.


1912 United States elections
The 1912 United States elections elected the members of the 63rd United States Congress, occurring during the Fourth Party System. Amidst a division between incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt, the Democratic Party won the Presidency and both chambers of Congress, the first time they accomplished that feat since the 1892 election.


1912 United States elections
In the Presidential election, Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey defeated Republican President William Howard Taft and former president and Progressive Party nominee Theodore Roosevelt. Socialist union leader Eugene Debs, running his fourth campaign, took six percent of the vote. At the 1912 Democratic National Convention, Wilson took the nomination on the 46th ballot, defeating Speaker Champ Clark and several other candidates. Roosevelt left the Republican Party after an unsuccessful challenge to Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention.


1912 United States elections
Though Wilson carried just over 40% of the popular vote, he dominated the electoral college and won a greater share of the electoral vote than any candidate since Ulysses S. Grant in 1872. Wilson's election made him the first Democratic president since Grover Cleveland left office in 1897. Roosevelt's candidacy finished second in the popular vote and the electoral college, the only time a third party candidate accomplished either feat.


1912 United States elections
Following the 1910 census, 41 seats were added to the House, setting the House at its current number of 435 seats. Democrats made major gains in the House, further strengthening their majority, while the new Progressive Party won ten seats.


1912 United States elections
In the last Senate election before the ratification of the 17th Amendment, Democrats made moderate gains and won control of the chamber for the first time since the 1892 election.


1912 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1912, in 33 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 5, 1912 (except in Arkansas, Georgia, Maine and Vermont). In addition, there was a special election in Georgia on January 10, 1912.


1912 United States gubernatorial elections
In Rhode Island, the governor was elected to a two-year term for the first time, instead of a one-year term. In Vermont, the gubernatorial election was held in September for the last time, moving to the same day as federal elections from the 1914 elections.


1912 United States presidential election
The 1912 United States presidential election was the 32nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1912. Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson unseated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and defeated former President Theodore Roosevelt, who ran under the banner of the new Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party. As of 2021, this is the most recent presidential election in which the second-place candidate was neither a Democrat nor a Republican.


1912 United States presidential election
Roosevelt served as president from 1901 to 1909 as a Republican, and Taft succeeded him with his support. However, Taft's actions as president displeased Roosevelt, and Roosevelt challenged Taft for the party nomination at the 1912 Republican National Convention. When Taft and his conservative allies narrowly prevailed, Roosevelt rallied his progressive supporters and launched a third-party bid. At the Democratic Convention, Wilson won the presidential nomination on the 46th ballot, defeating Speaker of the House Champ Clark and several other candidates with the support of William Jennings Bryan and other progressive Democrats. The Socialist Party renominated its perennial standard-bearer, Eugene V. Debs.


1912 United States presidential election
The general election was bitterly contested by Wilson, Roosevelt, and Taft. Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" platform called for social insurance programs, reduction to an eight-hour workday, and robust federal regulation of the economy. Wilson's "New Freedom" platform called for tariff reduction, banking reform, and new antitrust regulation. With  little chance of victory, Taft conducted a subdued campaign based on his platform of "progressive conservatism." Debs claimed the three candidates were financed by trusts and tried to galvanize support behind his socialist policies.


1912 United States presidential election
Wilson took advantage of the Republican split, winning 40 states and a large majority of the electoral vote with just 41.8% of the popular vote, the lowest support for any President after 1860. Wilson was the first Democrat to win a presidential election since 1892 and one of just two Democratic presidents to serve between 1861 (the American Civil War) and 1932 (the onset of the Great Depression). Roosevelt finished second with 88 electoral votes and 27% of the popular vote. Taft carried 23% of the national vote and won two states, Vermont and Utah.


1912 United States presidential election
He was the first Republican to lose the Northern states. Debs won no electoral votes but shared 6% of the popular vote, which remains the highest ever for a Socialist candidate as of 2021. With Wilson's decisive victory, he became the first presidential candidate to receive over 400 electoral votes in a presidential election.


1912 United States presidential election, Background
Republican President Theodore Roosevelt had declined to run for re-election in 1908 in fulfillment of a pledge to the American people not to seek a third term. Roosevelt had tapped Secretary of War William Howard Taft to become his successor, and Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 general election.


1912 United States presidential election, Background, Republican Party split
During Taft's administration, a rift developed between Roosevelt and Taft, and they became the leaders of the Republican Party's two wings: progressives led by Roosevelt and conservatives led by Taft. Progressives favored labor restrictions protecting women and children, promoted ecological conservation, and were more sympathetic toward labor unions. They also favored the popular election of federal and state judges over appointment by the President or governors. Conservatives supported high tariffs to encourage domestic production, but favored business leaders over labor unions and were generally opposed to the popular election of judges.


1912 United States presidential election, Background, Republican Party split
Cracks in the party began to show when Taft supported the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act in 1909. The Act favored the industrial Northeast and angered the Northwest and South, where demand was strong for tariff reductions. Early in his term, President Taft had promised to stand for a lower tariff bill, but protectionism had been a major policy of the Republican Party since its founding.


1912 United States presidential election, Background, Republican Party split
Taft also fought against Roosevelt's antitrust policy. While Roosevelt believed some monopolies should be preserved, Taft argued that all monopolies must be broken up. Taft also fired popular conservationist Gifford Pinchot as head of the Bureau of Forestry in 1910. By 1910, the split within the party was deep, and Roosevelt and Taft turned against one another despite their personal friendship. That summer, Roosevelt began a national speaking tour, during which he outlined his progressive philosophy and the New Nationalist platform, which he introduced in a speech in Osawatomie, Kansas on August 31.


1912 United States presidential election, Background, Republican Party split
In the 1910 midterm elections, the Republicans lost 57 seats in the House of Representatives as the Democrats gained a majority for the first time since 1894. These results were a large defeat for the conservative wing of the party. James E. Campbell writes that one cause may have been a large number of progressive voters choosing third-party candidates over conservative Republicans. Nevertheless, Roosevelt continued to reject calls to run for president into the year 1911.


1912 United States presidential election, Background, Republican Party split
In a January letter to newspaper editor William Allen White, he wrote, "I do not think there is one chance in a thousand that it will ever be wise to have me nominated." However, speculation continued, further harming Roosevelt and Taft's relationship. After months of continually increasing support, Roosevelt changed his position, writing to journalist Henry Beach Needham in January 1912 that if the nomination "comes to me as a genuine public movement of course I will accept."


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Delegate selection
For the first time, many convention delegates were elected in presidential preference primaries. Progressive Republicans advocated primary elections as a way of breaking the control of political parties by bosses. Altogether, twelve states held Republican primaries.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Delegate selection
Senator Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette won two of the first four primaries (North Dakota and his home state of Wisconsin), but Taft won a major victory in Roosevelt's home state of New York and continued to rack up delegates in more conservative, traditional state conventions.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Delegate selection
However, on March 28, Roosevelt issued an ultimatum: if Republicans did not nominate him, he would run as an independent. Beginning with a runaway victory in Illinois on April 9, Roosevelt won nine of the last ten presidential primaries (including Taft's home state of Ohio), losing only Massachusetts.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Delegate selection
Taft also had support from the bulk of the Southern Republican organizations. Delegates from the former Confederate states supported Taft by a 5 to 1 margin. These states had voted solidly Democratic in every presidential election since 1880, and Roosevelt objected that they were given one-quarter of the delegates when they would contribute nothing to a Republican victory.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Convention
The Republican Convention convened in Chicago from June 18 to 22. In the weeks leading up to the convention, many delegates remained uncommitted to a candidate, but by the time the convention formally opened, Taft had won the support of almost every unbound delegate. Roosevelt accused Taft of stealing votes and attempted to have delegates from Arizona, California, Texas, and Washington — all states supporting Taft — removed from the convention, but he was unsuccessful. The delegates chose Taft supporter Elihu Root to serve as chairman of the convention, a move that signaled that Taft was likely to win the nomination.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Convention
Roosevelt broke with tradition and attended the convention, where he was welcomed with great support from voters. Despite Roosevelt's presence in Chicago and his attempts to disqualify Taft supporters, the incumbent ticket of Taft and James S. Sherman was renominated on the first ballot. Sherman was the first sitting vice president re-nominated since John C. Calhoun in 1828. After losing the vote, Roosevelt announced the formation of a new party dedicated "to the service of all the people." This would later come to be known as the Progressive Party. Roosevelt announced that his party would hold its convention in Chicago and that he would accept their nomination if offered. Meanwhile, Taft decided not to campaign before the election beyond his acceptance speech on August 1.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination, Convention
Not since the 1884 election had there been a major schism in the Republican Party, when the Mugwump faction repudiated nominee James G. Blaine and broke with the party. The schism, in which Roosevelt had nearly participated after fighting Blaine's nomination, was a major factor in Blaine's loss to Grover Cleveland.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Other major candidates
The Democratic Convention was held in Baltimore from June 25 to July 2.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Other major candidates
Initially, the front-runner was Speaker of the House Champ Clark of Missouri. Though Clark received the most votes on early ballots, he was unable to get the two-thirds majority required to win.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Other major candidates
Clark's chances were hurt when Tammany Hall, the powerful New York City Democratic political machine, threw its support behind him. The Tammany endorsement caused William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic presidential candidate and leader of the party's progressives, to turn against Clark. Bryan shifted his support to reformist Governor of New Jersey Woodrow Wilson and decried Clark as the candidate of Wall Street. Wilson had consistently finished second in balloting.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Other major candidates
Wilson had nearly given up hope and almost freed his delegates to vote for another candidate. Instead, Bryan's defection from Clark to Wilson led many other delegates to do the same. Wilson gradually gained strength while Clark's support dwindled, and Wilson finally received the nomination on the 46th ballot.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination, Other major candidates
Thomas R. Marshall, the Governor of Indiana who had swung Indiana's votes to Wilson, was named Wilson's running mate.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Progressive Party nomination
Progressives reconvened in Chicago and endorsed the formation of a national Progressive Party. The party was funded by publisher Frank Munsey and businessman George Walbridge Perkins, who served as executive secretary. At their convention on August 5, the new party chose Roosevelt as its presidential nominee and Governor Hiram Johnson from California as his vice presidential running mate.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Progressive Party nomination
The Progressives promised to increase federal regulation and protect the welfare of ordinary people. At the convention, Perkins blocked an antitrust plank, shocking reformers who thought of Roosevelt as a true trust-buster. The delegates to the convention sang the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers" as their anthem. In his acceptance speech, Roosevelt compared the coming presidential campaign to the Battle of Armageddon and stated that the Progressives were going to "battle for the Lord."


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Socialist Party nomination
The Socialist Party of America was a highly factionalized coalition of local parties based in industrial cities and rooted in ethnic, especially German and Finnish, communities. It had some support in formerly Populist rural and mining areas in the West, especially Oklahoma. By 1912, the party claimed more than a thousand locally elected officials in 33 states and 160 cities, especially the Midwest. Eugene V. Debs had run for president in 1900, 1904, and 1908, primarily to encourage the local effort, and he did so again in 1912 with little challenge to his nomination.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Socialist Party nomination
The party was divided into two main factions. The conservative faction led by Congressman Victor L. Berger of Milwaukee promoted pragmatic democratic reform, fought corruption, and opposed immigration as both a wage suppressant and drain on public resources. The radical faction sought to overthrow capitalism, tried to infiltrate labor unions, and sought to cooperate with the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or "Wobblies"). It supported immigration to increase ranks for the war on capitalism. With few exceptions, the party had weak or nonexistent links to local labor unions.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Socialist Party nomination
Many of these issues had been debated at the First National Congress of the Socialist Party in 1910 and again at the 1912 national convention in Indianapolis. At the convention, the radicals won an early test by seating IWW leader Bill Haywood on the Executive Committee and passed a resolution favoring industrial unionism. Conservatives responded by amending the party constitution to expel any who favored industrial sabotage or syndicalism (both positions of the IWW) and who refused to participate in American elections. The convention adopted a conservative platform calling for the cooperative organization of prisons, a national bureau of health, and the abolition of the Senate and the presidential veto.


1912 United States presidential election, Nominations, Socialist Party nomination
Debs did not attend. He saw his mission as keeping the disparate units together in the hope that someday a common goal would be found.


1912 United States presidential election, General election
Roosevelt conducted a vigorous national campaign for the Progressive Party, denouncing the way the Republican nomination had been "stolen". He bundled together his reforms under the rubric of "The New Nationalism" and stumped the country for a strong federal role in regulating the economy and chastising bad corporations. Roosevelt rallied progressives with speeches denouncing the political establishment. He promised "an expert tariff commission, wholly removed from the possibility of political pressure or of improper business influence."


1912 United States presidential election, General election
Wilson supported a policy called "The New Freedom". This policy was based mostly on individualism instead of a strong government.


1912 United States presidential election, General election
Though Wilson's rhetoric paid homage to the traditional skepticism of government and "collectivism" in the Democratic Party, after his election he would embrace some of the progressive reforms which Roosevelt campaigned on.


1912 United States presidential election, General election
Taft campaigned quietly and spoke of the need for judges to be more powerful than elected officials. The departure of the progressives left the Republican Party firmly controlled by the conservative wing. Much of the Republican effort was designed to discredit Roosevelt as a dangerous radical, but this had little effect. Many of the nation's pro-Republican newspapers depicted Roosevelt as an egotist running only to spoil Taft's chances and feed his vanity.


1912 United States presidential election, General election
The Socialists had little funding. Debs' campaign spent only $66,000, mostly on 3.5 million leaflets and travel to locally organized rallies. His biggest event was a speech to 15,000 supporters in New York City. The crowd sang "La Marseillaise" and "The Internationale." Debs's running mate Emil Seidel boasted:


1912 United States presidential election, General election
"Only a year ago workingmen were throwing decayed vegetables and rotten eggs at us but now all is changed... Eggs are too high. There is a great giant growing up in this country that will someday take over the affairs of this nation. He is a little giant now but he is growing fast. The name of this little giant is socialism."


1912 United States presidential election, General election
Debs insisted that Democrats, Progressives, and Republicans alike were financed by the trusts and that only the Socialists represented labor. He condemned "Injunction Bill Taft" and ridiculed Roosevelt as "a charlatan, mountebank, and fraud, and his Progressive promises and pledges as the mouthings of a low and utterly unprincipled self-seeker and demagogue."


1912 United States presidential election, General election, Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt
At a campaign stop in Milwaukee on October 14, John Flammang Schrank, a saloonkeeper from New York, shot Roosevelt in the chest. The bullet penetrated his steel eyeglass case and a 50-page single-folded copy of his speech Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual and became lodged in his chest. Schrank was immediately disarmed and captured. Schrank had been stalking Roosevelt. He was demented and said the ghost of President McKinley ordered him to kill Roosevelt to prevent a third term.


1912 United States presidential election, General election, Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt shouted for Schrank to remain unharmed and assured the crowd he was all right, then ordered police to take charge of Schrank and ensure no violence was done to him. Roosevelt, an experienced hunter and anatomist, correctly concluded that since he was not coughing blood, the bullet had not reached his lung. He declined suggestions to go to the hospital and instead delivered his scheduled speech with blood seeping into his shirt. His opening comments to the gathered crowd were, "Ladies and gentlemen, I don't know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot, but it takes more than that to kill a bull moose." He spoke for 90 minutes before completing his speech and accepting medical attention.


1912 United States presidential election, General election, Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt
Afterward, probes and an x-ray showed that the bullet had lodged in Roosevelt's chest muscle, but did not penetrate the pleura. Doctors concluded that it would be less dangerous to leave it in place than to attempt to remove it, and Roosevelt carried the bullet with him for the rest of his life.


1912 United States presidential election, General election, Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt
Taft was not campaigning and focused on his presidential duties. Wilson briefly suspended his campaigning. By October 17, Wilson was back on the campaign trail but avoided any criticism of Roosevelt or his party. He spent two weeks recuperating before returning to the campaign trail with a major speech on October 30, designed to reassure his supporters he was strong enough for the presidency.


1912 United States presidential election, General election, Death of Vice President Sherman
On October 30, 1912, Vice President James S. Sherman died, leaving Taft without a running mate less than a week before the election. Nicholas M. Butler, president of Columbia University, was hastily chosen to replace Sherman as the Republican vice-presidential candidate.


1912 United States presidential election, Results
On November 5, Wilson captured the presidency handily by carrying a record 40 states.


1912 United States presidential election, Results
As of 2021, this is the only presidential election since 1860 in which either 4 candidates received more than 5% of the popular vote or a third-party candidate outperformed a Republican or Democrat in the general election. Wilson won the presidency with a lower percentage of the popular vote than any candidate since Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Taft's  result remains the worst performance for any incumbent president, both in terms of electoral votes (8) and share of popular votes (23.17%). His 8 electoral votes remain the fewest by a Republican or Democrat, matched by Alf Landon's 1936 campaign.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Statistical analysis
Wilson's raw vote total was less than William Jennings Bryan totaled in any of his three campaigns. In only two regions, New England and the Pacific, was Wilson's vote greater than the greatest Bryan vote.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Results by state
The 1912 election was the first to include all 48 of the current contiguous United States.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Results by state
Few states were carried by any candidate with a majority of the popular vote. Wilson won a majority in the eleven former Confederate states. Only South Dakota, where Taft did not appear on the ballot, gave Roosevelt a majority. Taft won only two states, Vermont and Utah, each with a plurality.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Results by state
This was the first time since 1852 that Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Rhode Island voted for a Democrat, and the first time in history that Massachusetts voted Democratic.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Results by state
Democrats would not win Maine again until 1964, Connecticut and Delaware until 1936, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, West Virginia, and Wisconsin until 1932, and Massachusetts and Rhode Island until 1928. Additionally, it was the last time until 1932 that the Republicans failed to win Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Close states
Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (73 electoral votes):


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
In a plurality of 1,396 counties, no candidate obtained a majority.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
Wilson won 1,969 counties but held a majority in only 1,237, less than Bryan had had in any of his campaigns.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
"Other(s)", mostly Roosevelt, won a plurality in 772 counties and a majority in 305 counties. Most of them in Pennsylvania (48), Illinois (33), Michigan (68), Minnesota (75), Iowa (49), South Dakota (54), Nebraska (32), Kansas (51), Washington (38), and California (44).


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
Debs carried four counties: Lake and Beltrami in Minnesota, Burke in North Dakota, and Crawford in Kansas. These are the only counties ever to vote for the Socialist presidential nominee.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
Taft won a plurality in only 232 counties and a majority in only 35. In addition to South Dakota and California, where there was no Taft ticket, Taft carried no counties in Maine, New Jersey, Minnesota, Nevada, Arizona, and seven "Solid South" states.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
Nine counties did not record any votes due to either black disenfranchisement or being inhabited only by Native Americans, who would not gain full citizenship for twelve more years.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By county
As of 2021, 1912 remains the last election in which the key Indiana counties of Hamilton and Hendricks, along with Walworth County, Wisconsin, Pulaski and Laurel Counties in Kentucky and Hawkins County, Tennessee have given a plurality to the Democratic candidate.


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Wilson


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Taft


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for all others


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
A continuous cartogram of the 1912 United States presidential election


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for Wilson


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for Taft


1912 United States presidential election, Results, Maps
Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for all others


1912 United States presidential election, Results, By city (incomplete)
Results of various cities within the top 100 municipalities by the 1910 United States Census.


1912 United States presidential election in Alabama
The 1912 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Alabama
Alabama was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 69.94% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 19.24% of the popular vote and the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 8.24% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Arizona
The 1912 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Arizona
This was the first presidential election Arizona participated in, as it had been admitted as the 48th state on February 14 of the same year. The state was won by Democratic Governor of New Jersey Woodrow Wilson, running with Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall, with 43.52% of the popular vote. Wilson defeated three other major candidates including former progressive Republican President Theodore Roosevelt who ran under the Progressive Party challenging then current Republican conservative President William Howard Taft and earning nearly 29% of the total vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Arizona
Another third party candidate, Eugene V. Debs ran under the Socialist Party of America garnering a large left wing voting base of 13%. President Taft finished an embarrassing fourth place at under 13% of the popular vote, the lowest support for a Republican nominee in Arizona state history due to his low approval ratings and a severe split in the GOP causing Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win the state despite receiving only 43.52% in total.


1912 United States presidential election in Arizona
In 1912, more than 87% of Arizonans voted for one of three economically left-leaning candidates- Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Eugene V. Debs. Only 13% of the state sided with conservative President Howard Taft who moved further to the right during his one term presidency. Arizona also voted in large numbers for two major third party candidates; Theodore Roosevelt and Eugene Debs, both of whom won a combined 43% of the popular vote, nearly the same as Wilson's vote total. Roosevelt's 29.29% remains the best-ever third-party presidential performance in Arizona history.


1912 United States presidential election in Arizona
Had Roosevelt not split from his own party, President Taft would have earned a combined total of 42.03%, much closer to Wilson's 43.5% which would have made the race extremely narrow. Party division among Republican voters helped Wilson carry every single county in Arizona, winning the vast majority of them with less than a majority.


1912 United States presidential election in Arizona
Since 1912, Arizona has voted for every presidential election winner until 1960.


1912 United States presidential election in Arkansas
The 1912 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Arkansas
Arkansas was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 55.01% of the popular vote, against the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 20.45% of the popular vote, the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 17.30% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 6.52% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in California
The 1912 United States presidential election in California took place on November 5, 1912 as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in California
California narrowly voted for the Progressive Party nominee, former president Theodore Roosevelt, over the Democratic nominee, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson, though two electors cast their votes for Wilson. Although Roosevelt was the candidate of the “Bull Moose” Progressive Party nationally, in California and South Dakota he gained the support of the state Republican Party and acquired the "Republican" line, whilst the incumbent, and national GOP nominee William Howard Taft did not appear on the ballot and was a write-in candidate. Roosevelt's running mate was incumbent Governor of California Hiram Johnson.


1912 United States presidential election in California
This was the fourth occasion in which California's electoral vote was split, rather than being awarded to a single candidate. The previous occasions when this happened were in 1880, 1892, and 1896. This occurred because, at the time, electors were not awarded based upon the popular vote in the presidential preference vote. Instead, voters cast votes for individual electors, with the thirteen top vote-getters among elector nominees becoming elected the state's members of the United States Electoral College. A split in the electoral vote would never again occur in California.


1912 United States presidential election in California
This was the closest presidential election in California history, with Roosevelt winning by just 174 votes out of 677,944 cast, a margin of 0.02567%. It remains the fourth-closest presidential race in any state in history, behind Florida in 2000, Maryland in 1832, and Maryland in 1904, the latter of which also involved Roosevelt.


1912 United States presidential election in California
Although Wilson narrowly failed to win the state, he did become the first Democrat to carry Napa, Solano and Marin Counties since James Buchanan in 1856, the first to carry Sacramento County and Sierra County since Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, the first to win San Diego County since 1868, the first to ever carry Ventura County, which had been created in 1872, and the first to carry Sutter County since 1876. Since this election, Solano County has voted Democratic in all but six Republican landslide elections of 1920, 1924, 1928, 1972, 1980 and 1984.


1912 United States presidential election in California
With 41.83% of the popular vote, California would prove to be Roosevelt's second-strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage in the 1912 election after South Dakota.


1912 United States presidential election in Colorado
The 1912 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Colorado
Colorado was won by New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 42.80% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 27.09% of the popular vote, the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 21.88% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 6.15% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut
The 1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut  took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut
Connecticut was won by the Democratic nominees, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson and Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall. Wilson and Marshall defeated incumbent President William Howard Taft, and his running mate Vice President James S. Sherman and Progressive Party candidates, former President Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate California Governor Hiram Johnson.


1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut
Wilson won Connecticut by a narrow margin of 3.28%, becoming the first Democratic presidential candidate since Grover Cleveland in 1892 to win the state.


1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut
While Taft lost the state, his 35.88% of the popular vote made it his fifth strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage after Utah, New Hampshire, Vermont and New Mexico.


1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut
As of 2020, this was the most recent presidential election in which the Democratic nominee carried the town of Monroe.


1912 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1912 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Delaware
Delaware was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 46.48% of the popular vote, against the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 32.85% of the popular vote and the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 18.25% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Delaware
Delaware was the only state where the Prohibition Party received fourth place with 1.28% of the popular vote which was ahead of the Socialist Eugene V. Debs who only received 1.14% of the vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Florida
The 1912 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 5, 1912. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
Ever since the disfranchisement of blacks at the beginning of the 1890s, Florida had been a one-party state ruled by the Democratic Party. Because, unlike southern states extending into the Appalachian Mountains or Ozarks, or Texas with its German settlements in the Edwards Plateau, Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession, its Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes.


1912 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
An illustration of the original Florida GOP’s dependence upon black votes can be seen in that, as late as the landmark court case of Smith v. Allwright, half of Florida’s registered Republicans were still black – although very few blacks in Florida had ever voted within the previous fifty-five years. Thus this disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites by a poll tax introduced in 1889 left Florida as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi or South Carolina.


1912 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
The Democratic Party won every county in Florida in each election from 1892 until 1904, and all bar Calhoun County in 1908. Only once since 1897 – and then only for a single term – had a Republican served in either house of the state legislature.


1912 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
Despite this disfranchisement of most of the state’s lower classes, by the 1912 election, southern Florida – settled after the Civil War – was to develop a considerable socialist movement at the beginning of the 1910s – most strongly in Tampa. Although this movement had no effect on the overall presidential result – Democrat Woodrow Wilson was to win every county with an absolute majority of votes – it did allow Socialist Eugene Debs to achieve the unique feat for an American socialist of finishing second, ahead of both factions of the splintered national Republican Party.


1912 United States presidential election in Georgia
The 1912 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
With the exception of a handful of historically Unionist North Georgia counties – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns – Georgia since the 1880s had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. Disfranchisement of almost all African-Americans and most poor whites had made the Republican Party virtually nonexistent outside of local governments in those few hill counties, and the national Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction. The only competitive elections were Democratic primaries, which state laws restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club.


1912 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
In 1908 the Republican Party had made some gains in the South due to opposition by developing manufacturers to William Jennings Bryan’s populism, and by nominee William Howard Taft’s willingness to accept black disfranchisement. This resulted in the GOP carrying twelve secessionist upcountry counties that had never gone Republican before.


1912 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
The split in the GOP after the 1908 election prevented any maintenance of these gains – which had seem Bryan’s 1908 performance as the poorest by a Democrat in Georgia until pro-civil rights Lyndon B. Johnson lost the state in 1964 – but Roosevelt did hold on to some of the new Republican vote from 1908, consequently finishing far ahead of regular Republican and incumbent President Taft.


1912 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
Georgia was won by the Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 76.63 percent of the popular vote against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 18.10% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Idaho
The 1912 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Idaho
Idaho was won by New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall, with 32.08 percent of the popular vote, against the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 31.02 percent of the popular vote, the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 24.14 percent of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 11.31 percent of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1912 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose 29 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois
Illinois was won by New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with Indiana governor Thomas R. Marshall, with 35.34% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with California governor Hiram Johnson, with 33.72% of the popular vote, the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 22.13% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 7.09% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Lee County, Ogle County and Edwards County did not support the Republican nominee.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information
The primary and general elections coincided with those for House as well as those for state offices.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout
The total vote in the state-run primary elections (Democratic, Republican) was 731,100.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries
Both major parties held non-binding state-run preferential primaries on April 9.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic
The 1912 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on April 9, 1912 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 1912 presidential election.


1912 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican
The 1912 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on April 9, 1912 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 1912 presidential election.


1912 United States presidential election in Indiana
The 1912 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose 15 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Indiana
Indiana was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall, with 43.07% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 24.75% of the popular vote, the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 23.11% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 5.64% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Indiana
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the only election in which Hamilton County and Hendricks County voted for the Democratic candidate.


1912 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1912 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Iowa
Iowa was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 37.64% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 32.87% of the popular vote and the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 24.33% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Iowa
Wilson was the first Democrat to win Iowa's electoral votes since Franklin Pierce in 1852. No Democrat would obtain a majority until Franklin Roosevelt in 1932.


1912 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1912 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Kansas
Kansas was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 39.30 percent of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (I–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 32.88 percent of the popular vote, the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 20.47 percent of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 7.33 percent of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Kansas
As a result of his win in the state, Wilson became the second Democratic presidential candidate to ever win Kansas as well as the first one since William Jennings Bryan in 1896.


1912 United States presidential election in Kansas
This is the only election when heavily Yankee Brown County has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, and also the only election until 2020 when Riley County – another heavily Yankee county in the Dissected Till Plains of northeastern Kansas – has not supported the official Republican nominee. This election marks the last time four different candidates won at least one county within one individual state. This feat would be shared by North Dakota in the same election.


1912 United States presidential election in Kentucky
The 1912 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Kentucky
Kentucky was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 48.48% of the popular vote, against the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 25.52% of the popular vote and the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 22.48% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Pulaski County, Laurel County, Allen County, Casey County, and Edmonson County voted for the Democratic candidate and the last in which McCreary County and Jackson County did not support the Republican candidate.


1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana
The 1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Louisiana was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 76.81% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 11.71% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 13.33% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Louisiana was one of the states where the sitting president William Howard Taft came in fourth place.


1912 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1912 United States presidential election in Maine  took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Maine
Maine was won by the Democratic nominees, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson and Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall. Wilson and Marshall defeated incumbent President William Howard Taft, and his running mate Vice President James S. Sherman and Progressive Party candidates, former President Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate California Governor Hiram Johnson.


1912 United States presidential election in Maine
Wilson won Maine by a narrow margin of 2.02%, becoming the first Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to win the state. This would be the final time until Lyndon B. Johnson won the state in 1964 where a Democratic presidential candidate would carry Maine.


1912 United States presidential election in Maine
With 37.41% of the popular vote, Maine would prove to be Roosevelt's fifth strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage in the 1912 election after South Dakota, California, Michigan and Minnesota.


1912 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1912 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Maryland
Maryland was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 48.57% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 24.91% of the popular vote and the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 23.69% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the first and only time that Garrett County did not support the Republican candidate.


1912 United States presidential election in Maryland
This was the first time since 1892 that a Democrat won the popular vote in Maryland.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts was won by the Democratic nominees, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson and his running mate, Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall. Opposing him were the Republican nominees, incumbent President William Howard Taft and Vice President James S. Sherman, and the Progressive Party candidates, former President Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate California Governor Hiram Johnson. Also in the running was the Socialist Party candidate, Eugene V. Debs, who ran with Emil Seidel.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Wilson won Massachusetts with a plurality of 35.53% of the vote, Taft came in second, with 31.95%, and Roosevelt came in third, with 29.14%, Wilson's margin over Taft being 3.58%. Debs came in fourth, with 2.58% of the total vote. In terms of margin, Massachusetts was about 11% more Republican than the national average.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts had long been a typical Yankee Republican bastion in the wake of the Civil War, having voted Republican in every election from 1856 through 1908. However, in 1912, former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt decided to run as a third-party candidate with his Bull Moose Party against incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft, splitting the Republican vote and allowing Woodrow Wilson as the Democratic candidate to win Massachusetts with a plurality of only 35.53% of the vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Were Taft and Roosevelt voters united behind a single Republican candidate, they would have taken a combined majority of over 61% of the vote, but the split would instead prove fatal to the Republicans both nationally and in Massachusetts. 1912 marked the first time in history that Massachusetts had ever given its electoral votes to a Democratic presidential candidate.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Theodore Roosevelt finished strong for a third-party candidate with 29.14% of the vote, about 2% more than he received nationally, although Massachusetts was not amongst his strongest states. Nonetheless, Roosevelt’s performance remains as of 2017 the best-ever third-party presidential performance in Massachusetts. The state's traditional Republican voters, especially in rural Western Massachusetts, proved to be mostly loyal to President Taft as the official Republican nominee. While Roosevelt came in second place nationally ahead of Taft, in Massachusetts, Taft beat Roosevelt and finished second behind Wilson.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Taft carried the most counties in Massachusetts, winning 6 of the state's 14 counties, while Wilson and Roosevelt each took 4. Taft’s support was strongest in Western and Central Massachusetts, his most significant win being Worcester County, where he won with over 40% of the vote. Roosevelt was strongest in the southeast part of the state, his overall most significant win being Plymouth County, where he won with over 40% of the vote. Roosevelt's most populous county win was Norfolk County, although he only won it with a plurality of less than forty percent of the vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
However Wilson was able to edge them out statewide by holding on to the Democratic base of support in the cities. Wilson's most important county victory by far was winning Suffolk County, home to the state's capital and largest city, Boston, winning it with over 40% of the vote. Hampden County, home to the city of Springfield, provided Wilson another key win, although with a plurality of less than 40% of the vote. Wilson also won heavily populated Middlesex County with a plurality of less than 40% of the vote. Middlesex County would not vote Democratic again until 1948.


1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
While, due to vote-splitting, Massachusetts finally voted Democratic for the first time ever in 1912, this was not indicative of any long-term trend at the time. With the Republican base re-united in 1916, Massachusetts returned to the Republican column, and remained solidly Republican until 1928.


1912 United States presidential election in Michigan
The 1912 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Michigan
Michigan was won by the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 38.95% of the popular vote, against the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 27.63% of the popular vote and Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 27.36% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Michigan
Michigan was one only two states where Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson came in third behind former president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt and the current president of the United States William Howard Taft - the only other such state being Vermont where Wilson finished a much more distant third. Since 1912 there has been only one occasion (Bill Clinton in Utah in 1992) where a winning presidential candidate finished third in any non-Confederate state. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Ottawa County, Sanilac County, and Missaukee County did not support the Republican candidate. This was the only time Michigan ever voted for a third-party presidential candidate.


1912 United States presidential election in Michigan
With 38.95% of the popular vote, Michigan would prove to be Roosevelt's third-strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage in the 1912 election after South Dakota and California.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
The 1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 5, 1912 as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Minnesota voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Minnesota was won by the Progressive candidate, former President Theodore Roosevelt, won the state over the Democratic candidate, New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson, by a margin of 19,430 votes, or 5.82%, while Republican incumbent President William Howard Taft came in third, with just 19.25% of the vote, and perennial Socialist candidate Eugene V. Debs came in fourth while winning the votes of 8.23% of Minnesota voters. Nationally, Wilson won the election, with 435 electoral votes and a landslide 14.44% lead over Roosevelt in the popular vote, while Taft finished third, with 23.17% of the vote, and Debs won a personal record 5.99% of the national popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Nationally, the 1912 election was the first United States presidential election since 1860 in which there were four candidates who each won more than five percent of the popular vote, the first since 1852 in which the ticket of a party other than the Democratic and Republican parties finished second, and the last, as of the 2020 presidential election, in which the ticket of a party other than the Democratic and Republican parties finished second.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
It was the only presidential election in American history in which an incumbent President faced both his immediate predecessor and his immediate successor in the general election. As a result of the 1912 election, Woodrow Wilson became the second of only two Democrats elected president between 1860 and 1932. It was also the first presidential election in which all 48 of the contiguous United States participated.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
The 1912 election was the first presidential election held since statehood in which the Republican ticket lost in Minnesota, and the only presidential election in which a party other than the Democratic and Republican parties won Minnesota's electoral votes. It was the only presidential election since statehood in which the Republican ticket failed to carry a single county in Minnesota, and the only presidential election in which the Republican ticket finished less than second in the state. Taft's 19.25% still ranks as the lowest percentage of the popular vote any Republican presidential nominee has ever won in Minnesota.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
The 1912 election also marked the high water point for the Socialist Party of America, both nationally and in Minnesota. No Socialist Party candidate—before or since—has ever won a higher percentage of the national popular vote than Debs did in 1912, and no Socialist Party candidate for any office has won a higher percentage of the statewide vote in Minnesota. In Minnesota, Debs carried two counties (Beltrami and Lake); nationally, he carried two more (Crawford County, Kansas and Burke County, North Dakota).


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Minnesota would not go against the Republican Party in a presidential election again until Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt won the state in 1932.


1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota
With 37.66% of the popular vote, Minnesota would prove to be Roosevelt's fourth-strongest state in terms of popular vote percentage in the 1912 election after South Dakota, California and Michigan.


1912 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1912 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose seven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Mississippi was won by the Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 88.90% of the popular vote against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 5.50% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Mississippi was one of the states in the 1912 United States presidential election where the sitting U.S. president William Howard Taft came in fourth place due to the hatred of the Republican Party in the south.


1912 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1912 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Missouri
Missouri was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 47.35% of the popular vote, against the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 29.75% of the popular vote and the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 17.80% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Douglas County and Ozark County did not vote for the Republican Presidential candidate.


1912 United States presidential election in Montana
The 1912 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 5, 1912 as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Montana
In this four-way contest election, Montana voted for the Democratic nominee New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson over the Progressive nominee former President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, Republican nominee President William Howard Taft, and Socialist Party of America nominee union leader Eugene V. Debs. Wilson won Montana by a margin of 6.87%.


1912 United States presidential election in Nebraska
The 1912 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Nebraska
Nebraska was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 43.69% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (P–New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 29.13% of the popular vote and the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 21.74% of the popular vote.


1912 United States presidential election in Nevada
The 1912 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in Nevada
Nevada was won by Woodrow Wilson with 39.7% of the vote. Theodore Roosevelt followed with 27.94%, Eugene V. Debs 16.47%, and Taft 15.89%. Nevada, along with Arizona, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi, were the only states where Debs came in third place.


1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The 1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire  took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
New Hampshire was won by the Democratic nominees, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson and Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall. Wilson and Marshall defeated incumbent President William Howard Taft, and his running mate Vice President James S. Sherman and Progressive Party candidates, former President Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate California Governor Hiram Johnson.


1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Wilson won New Hampshire by a very narrow margin of 2.05%, becoming the first Democratic presidential candidate since New Hampshire native Franklin Pierce in 1852 to win the state or populous Hillsborough and Strafford Counties. He was the first Democrat since Grover Cleveland in 1892 to carry any of New Hampshire’s counties, the first since Cleveland in 1888 to carry Merrimack and Rockingham Counties, the first since to win Belknap County since Cleveland in 1884, and the first to gain a majority in Grafton County since Winfield S. Hancock in 1880.


1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Although Taft ended up losing the state, New Hampshire would prove to be his second strongest state with 37.43% of the vote after Utah (Taft's other sole win after neighboring Vermont).


1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Wilson was to prove the last Democrat to win Carroll County until Barack Obama did so in 2008.


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
The 1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 5, 1912. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
New Jersey was won by the Democratic nominees, Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey and his running mate Governor Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana. Wilson and Marshall defeated the Progressive Party nominees, former President Theodore Roosevelt of New York and his running mate Governor Hiram Johnson of California, and the Republican nominees, incumbent President William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate incumbent Vice President James S. Sherman of New York.


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Wilson carried New Jersey with a bare plurality of 41.20 percent of the vote to Roosevelt's 33.60 percent, a victory margin of 7.60 percent. Taft came in third place with 20.53 percent.


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Coming in a distant fourth was Socialist candidate Eugene V. Debs, who took 3.69 percent.


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Like much of the Northeast, New Jersey in this era was a staunchly Republican state, having not given a majority of the vote to a Democratic presidential candidate since 1892. In his initial 1908 election campaign, Taft had carried New Jersey by a comfortable 57–39 margin. However, in 1912, the Republican Party was split as former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third party candidate against incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft, splitting the Republican voter base, and allowing Wilson to win many states with pluralities.


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Despite being the sitting Governor of New Jersey, Wilson only managed to earn 41 percent of the vote in his home state, but with the GOP split, this would prove to be enough to win New Jersey's electoral votes. Were Taft and Roosevelt voters united behind a single Republican candidate, the GOP would have received 54.13 percent of the vote. (Four years later, in 1916, Wilson would lose his home state to the GOP in the midst of his otherwise successful re-election bid by a decisive 12-point margin in a head-to-head match-up, with Republican Charles Evans Hughes taking 54.40 percent to Wilson's 42.68 percent.)


1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey
On the county-level map, Wilson carried 17 of the state's 21 counties, although seven with pluralities between forty and fifty of the vote, and six with pluralities of less than forty percent. Wilson won majorities only in urban Hudson County and the three rural counties in western North Jersey, Warren, Sussex, and Hunterdon, which had long been non-Yankee Democratic enclaves in the otherwise Republican Northeast. Warren and Hunterdon had never voted Republican as of 1912, and Sussex only for William McKinley in 1896.