1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Background, Disputes begin
The UBCJ leadership sent letters to the  on February 9, 1911, asking for a meeting to consider a ten percent wage increase, ten hours of pay for nine hours of labor and the institution of a minimum wage to replace the system of piece work used at the time. City leadership and the local media supported the meeting, though furniture businesses opposed any meetings with unions since they believed any encounter meant companies recognized organized labor groups. Such behavior by the businesses resulted with the majority of observers supporting the workers since the furniture companies resisted all opportunities for dialogue.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Background, Disputes begin
The FMEA responded with a letter dated March 1, 1911:


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Background, Disputes begin
We understand that certain officials of an organized body of workmen of the city have expressed a wish to confer with us about the management of our business. We have always operated on an open shop basis; dealing with every man, union and non-union, without discrimination, on the basis of ability and individual agreement. From its organization this company has always recognized liberty of every man to sell his labor freely, independently and at the best price obtainable. This company will continue to conduct its business in these respects in the future as in the past.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Background, Disputes begin
Dissatisfied with the response of furniture companies, the UBCJ held a referendum on March 25, 1911, to vote for a labor strike; ninety-five percent of the 3,244 unionized workers voted to begin a strike on April 1. In the following days, the finishers union of 1,500 workers and the carvers union also voted in support of a strike.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Background, Disputes begin
Mayor of Grand Rapids George E. Ellis, whose voter base comprised the working class in the city, supported the initiatives of the unions and helped organize the Commission of Inquiry in order to avoid a strike; the unions agreed to delay their strike and participate though the businesses refused any discussions entirely. On April 18, workers gave one last chance of reply to the businesses, though they received no answer.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike
The strike began on April 19, 1911, at 9:00 am with over 6,000 workers refusing to go to work. Days later on April 22, the janitors at the city hall began a strike and entered the mayor's office, demanding a wage increase while detailing the difficulties they faced, causing Mayor Ellis to nearly faint. The first of few factories to abide by the demands of workers was Veit Manufacturing on April 24.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike
Businesses responded to the strike by using strikebreakers, hiring vagrants from Chicago and Ionia, with some of the strikebreakers arriving infected with smallpox. The board of aldermen in Grand Rapids condemned such practices, stating that importing workers "cannot but have serious effect upon the social conditions in this city, both because of the large number of unemployed which will result ... [ a]nd the bringing in of men of questionable character" Furniture manufacturers were also aided by the American Home Furnishings Alliance, with furniture businesses agreeing to slow production so they would not outcompete Grand Rapids.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike
Bill Haywood of the Industrial Workers of the World temporarily visited Grand Rapids shortly after the strike began. Auxiliary Bishop Joseph Schrembs of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids expressed support for the striking workers on May 3, noting the deplorable conditions of their living and the low wages they received. Schrembs' congregation of mainly Polish Americans living on the west side of Grand Rapids were the lowest paid class and lived in an area that frequently flooded.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Widdicomb Plant riot
For days, women gathered near the Widdicomb Furniture Company plant on Fifth Street and Davis Street, with the Grand Rapids Police Department initially believing that they posed no threat of public disorder. On May 15, a riot of 2,000 people occurred during the closing hours of a demonstration in the evening near the plant. Five strikebreakers and factory owner Harry Widdicomb were leaving the plant by car when they were approached by Lithuanian and Polish women  – some still holding their children – who initialized the confrontation, throwing stones at Widdicomb's automobile and destroying the vehicles window. Strikers and supporters then rushed the vehicle and began throwing any object at hand towards the occupants.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Widdicomb Plant riot
One police officer posted at the factory, Officer Sprague, approached the women but was immediately attacked by them with stones. Sprague responded by drawing his weapon and firing in the air, temporarily dispersing the crowd and entered the plant with a detained man who attacked him. More officers arrived on the scene and struggled with holding on to detained individuals, eventually resorting to "use their clubs freely". John Kosc and Joseph Kotowski were "beaten insensible" by officers and then transported bloodied to the city jail. Officers then began to fire into the crowd, with police saying they possibly struck two individuals with gunfire. Rioters were also reported to have fired guns, but no gunshot injuries were reported among authorities.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Widdicomb Plant riot
Fire trucks then began to arrive on the scene and soon after, Mayor Ellis approached the demonstrators and praised their passionate actions, but ultimately called on them to return home. The crowd applauded the mayor though they refused to leave; firefighters then turned their hoses on the crowd for thirty minutes, knocking many down into the street resulting with the riots dispersal. In total, six were reported injured, four individuals were arrested and nearly all windows of the Widdicomb plant were destroyed. Two leaders of the fire department were also fired after turning their hoses on protesters, mainly women and children.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Widdicomb Plant riot, Response
In The Grand Rapids Herald the following day, Mayor Ellis called for one hundred citizens to join the police force, stating "The gathering of large crowds near factories must be discontinued. ... Remember, any person causing disorder is the worst enemy the laboring man has." Brigadier general of the Michigan National Guard Perley L. Abbey observed the riot while on a train to Ludington and discussions of deploying troops from other regions of the state were discussed.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Widdicomb Plant riot, Response
The UBCJ responded to the riot saying they would remove any members involved in violence and stated they "deeply deplore all acts of violence and if in any way we can avoid such actions we will gladly assist the authorities in so doing".


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Widdicomb Plant riot, Response
Days after the riot, American Seating agreed on May 26 to provide its workers ten hours of pay for nine hours of labor.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Other events
On July 15, a parade of 3,000 strikers marched through the main streets of Grand Rapids after Mayor Ellis approved of the event.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Opposition from churches
The Christian Reformed Church and Fountain Street Church were the main organizations leading opposition to the strikes. The furniture factory businessmen, who lived in nearby mansions in the Heritage Hill neighborhood, attended Fountain Street Church and fearing a loss of contributions from the wealthy members, Reverend Alfred W. Wishart expressed disapproval of the strike.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Strike, Opposition from churches
Finally, on August 9 the Christian Reformed Church's classes of seventeen churches condemned the union membership, arguing that nowhere in the organization did it call for the interests of serving God. According to Erdmans, this was the "death blow" for the strike as the majority of workers were Dutch and belonged to the Christian Reformed Church. On August 18, workers voted three to one on returning to work and on August 19, the strike officially ended.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Aftermath and legacy
The strike ultimately did not achieve its objectives and the event resulted with lasting changes to the structure of labor and governance in Grand Rapids. Some workers who were involved with the strike were allegedly blacklisted by factories, prohibiting these workers from obtaining jobs. Thousands of workers then decided to abandon their jobs in Grand Rapids and sought to continue their careers in regions where they were provided more compensation. Following the signing of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 into law, furniture businesses in Grand Rapids faced financial crisis as they were intertwined with local banks, beginning their trajectory of decline.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Aftermath and legacy
Before the strike, furniture businesses in the city resisted any economic and political changes that negatively affected their interests in subtle approaches, but after the labor movement grew local businessmen began to establish power through a formal route of municipal office-holders. With businesses upset with Mayor Ellis for supporting the strike, companies successfully lobbied for the city to change from a twelve-ward government – which more accurately represented the city's ethnic groups – to a three ward system in 1916 that placed more power into the demands of Dutch citizens.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Aftermath and legacy
Since 1916, the proposal to increase the number of wards occurred in the 1950s and the 1970s, though they were ultimately unsuccessful. In 2020, the city's Task Force on Elected Representation proposed establishing four wards with two representatives after being approached by the groups Empower the Citizens and GR Democracy Initiative.


1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike, Aftermath and legacy, Spirit of Solidarity
A $1.3 million memorial designed by Robert Chenlo titled the Spirit of Solidarity was unveiled on April 19, 2007, in commemoration of the 1911 strike's anniversary. The Spirit of Solidarity was initially proposed by citizens of the West Side in the 1980s, though funding for the material and logistical work for the statue's location required years to finalize. Since the work's dedication, the memorial has been the site for labor demonstrations in the Grand Rapids area.


1911 Guerrero earthquake
The 1911 Guerrero earthquake occurred on December 16 at 12:14 local time near the coast of Guerrero, Mexico along the Mexican subduction zone. The earthquake's energy was calculated using several different magnitude scales with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.6 and a surface wave magnitude of 7.8. Following the event, telegraphy reports came in from a broad area of Mexico. Cities from Guadalajara, Mérida (on the Yucatán Peninsula), and Tapachula (near Guatemala) all reported the tremors. The duration of the shaking was just over two minutes and the death toll was placed at 28.


1911 Guerrero earthquake, Tectonic setting
In the region, the Cocos, North American, and Caribbean Plates converge and create a tectonic zone of consistent and long term seismicity. Guerrero is located where the Cocos plate is being subducted under the North American plate, and the rupture area of the earthquake may have occurred in the Guerrero seismic gap, which is a 200 kilometers (120 mi) stretch along the Middle America Trench that had not experienced movement nearly as often as nearby segments of the subduction zone.


1911 Guerrero earthquake, Tectonic setting
The convergence rate of the Cocos and North American plates in the Guerrero seismic gap varies between 53–58 millimeters (2.1–2.3 in) annually. This level of precision was made possible after the installation of permanent GPS monitoring stations, the first of which was installed in 1997 at Cayaco, Guerrero. The gap was defined as having a northwest section and a southeast section. The most recent significant events in the southeast sector were the 1907 and 1957 Guerrero earthquakes with respective magnitudes of 7.9 and 7.8. The 2007 report stated that the northwestern zone has not experienced a significant release of energy since the December 1911 event.


1911 Guerrero earthquake, Damage
There were reports of walls and fences being damaged and part of a market's roofing frame falling and causing injury. The electricity had been cut for a time in Mexico City. The greatest damage may have occurred in Chilpancingo, the capital city of Guerrero.


1911 Guerrero earthquake, Damage
According to the El Paso Herald issued on December 18, people in Mexico City rushed to the Zócalo running aimlessly or praying during the earthquake. The then Mexican president Francisco I. Madero, conferring with some of his cabinet members at the moment, was standing in front of a window in the National Palace, watching the scene, laughing without fear, and remained there until the earthquake stopped.


1911 Haddingtonshire by-election
The Haddingtonshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1911 Haddingtonshire by-election, Aftermath
In 1912, after three unsuccessful attempts, the local Conservative Association replaced Blyth with a new candidate, Mansfield Hunter, who was replaced in 1913 by H. P. Macmillan. A general election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been selected to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of the First World War, the election never took place as scheduled.


1911 Haddingtonshire by-election, Aftermath
The constituency was merged into the new Berwick & Haddington constituency for the 1918 elections. Tennant had represented the Berwick part. Hope was given the Coalition government coupon.


1911 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1911 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1911 college football season. The Crimson finished with a 6–2–1 record under fourth-year head coach Percy Haughton. Walter Camp selected two Harvard players, guard Bob Fisher and halfback Percy Wendell, as first-team members of his 1911 College Football All-America Team.


1911 Haskell Indians football team
The 1911 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute  (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its first season under head coach A. R. Kennedy, Haskell compiled a 4–2–3 record. The team played its four home games at Haskell Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Left tackle Willie Williams was the team captain.


1911 Hitchin by-election
A by-election was held in Hitchin constituency in 1911 to fill a vacancy in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.


1911 Hitchin by-election, Vacancy
Dr Alfred Peter Hillier had been the Conservative MP for Hitchin since regaining the seat from the Liberals in January 1910. He committed suicide on 24 October 1911 in his home at 20 Eccleston Square, London, England.


1911 Hitchin by-election, Candidates
The new Conservative candidate was Robert Cecil who had been Conservative MP for Marylebone East until January 1910. In 1910 he unsuccessfully contested Blackburn in the January election and Wisbech in the December election. Thomas Tylston Greg, who had been the Liberal candidate last time was again chosen to contest the seat.


1911 Hitchin by-election, Aftermath
A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.


1911 Holy Cross football team
The 1911 Holy Cross football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross in the 1911 college football season.


1911 Holy Cross football team
In its fifth year under head coach Timothy F. Larkin, the team compiled a 4–5 record. William P. Joy was the team captain.


1911 Holy Cross football team
Though both Holy Cross and Dartmouth record their 1911 meeting in Hanover as a 6–0 win for the home team, officials on the field ruled it a 1–0 forfeit, as the Holy Cross team left the stadium after three quarters of play, reportedly to catch a train. Dartmouth 6, Holy Cross 0, was the score at the time of the forfeit.


1911 Holy Cross football team
The season-ending home game against crosstown rival Worcester Polytechnic Institute was postponed a week because of flooding on Holy Cross' home field. When the game was finally played November 25, about 4,000 people attended.


1911 Holy Cross football team
Holy Cross played its home games at Fitton Field on the college campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1911 Honduran general election
General elections were held in Honduras between 29 and 31 October 1911. Manuel Bonilla was elected president.


1911 Honduran general election, Background
In 1907 president Manuel Bonilla was removed from office and replaced by Miguel R. Dávila. Dávila was confirmed as president by a Constituent Assembly elected the following year. On 10 January 1911 Dávila signed the Paredes-Knox Convention with the United States and American banks, which would guarantee them control of Honduras' customs revenue in return for a loan. This was unpopular with opponents, who accused him of "selling the country to the foreigners". During this period of tension, Bonilla began an invasion, capturing Trujillo on the day the convention was signed, although further advances were stopped by the presence of the USS Tacoma. On 31 January Congress rejected the Paredes-Knox Convention


1911 Honduran general election, Background
The United States arranged for mediation between Bonilla and Dávila, whose representatives met on the Tacoma between 21 February and 15 March. Agreement was reached for Dávila to resign and Francisco Bertrand be appointed as provisional president. Dávila subsequently resigned on 28 March and presidential elections were called.


1911 Honduran general election, Results
Bonilla was elected president and Francisco Bográn elected vice president. However, Bográn declined to take office and Bertrand was elected in his place.


1911 Horncastle by-election
The Horncastle by-election was a UK parliamentary by-election held on 16 February 1911 in the constituency of Horncastle in Lincolnshire. It was triggered upon the succession to the peerage of the sitting Member of Parliament, Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, and was won by Archibald Weigall of the Conservative Party.


1911 Horncastle by-election, Vacancy
Lord Willoughby, who had held the seat since 1895, succeeded to the peerage on the death of his father, Lord Ancaster. The by-election was called for 16 February 1911.


1911 Horncastle by-election, Candidates
The new Conservative candidate Captain Archibald Weigall, had fought the nearby seat of Gainsborough at the December 1910 general election. Frederick Linfield was formally re-adopted as Liberal candidate on 5 January 1911.


1911 Horncastle by-election, Result
Given the Unionist hold on the seat in recent times and an analysis of the past results and new voters on the roll enabled the correspondent of The Times newspaper to forecast correctly that the Unionists would hold the seat. However, there was a swing to the Liberals that nearly resulted in a gain.


1911 Horncastle by-election, Aftermath
Weigall was re-elected in 1918 before taking up an appointment as Governor of South Australia. Linfield did not contest the 1918 elections but was successful in 1922 at Mid Bedfordshire.


1911 Ice Hockey European Championship
The 1911 Ice Hockey European Championship was the second edition of the ice hockey tournament for European countries associated to the International Ice Hockey Federation .


1911 Ice Hockey European Championship
The tournament was played between February 15, and February 17, 1911, in Berlin, Germany, and it was won by Bohemia.


1911 Idaho football team
The 1911 Idaho football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1911 college football season. Idaho was led by seventh-year head coach John "Pink" Griffith and played as an independent; they joined the Pacific Coast Conference eleven years later in 1922.


1911 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1911 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1911 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Arthur R. Hall, the Illini compiled a 4–2–1 record and finished in fourth place in the Western Conference. Halfback Chester C. Roberts was the team captain.


1911 Imperial Conference
The 1911 Imperial Conference convened in London on 23 May 1911 and concluded on 20 June 1911. It was held to mark the occasion of the coronation of King George V on 22 June 1911.


1911 Imperial Conference
The conference discussed Empire-wide constitutional arrangements with proposals by New Zealand's prime minister Sir Joseph Ward for an imperial council made up of representatives of the dominions which would advise the British government on imperial matters. Ward developed this idea into a proposal for an Imperial Parliament (see Imperial Federation) which would be responsible for the Empire's foreign policy including the declaration of war and would be presided over by an Imperial executive.


1911 Imperial Conference
British prime minister H. H. Asquith rejected these proposals as infringing on British autonomy in making foreign policy but he agreed it was necessary to consult with dominion prime ministers on certain matters. Asquith proposed a standing committee on foreign affairs but the dominion prime ministers could not agree on a final resolution.


1911 Imperial Conference
The conference came to an agreement on the negotiation of treaties that affect various dominions and that the British government would consult the dominions when preparing its proposals for proposed international Peace Conferences and that future international peace treaties and some international agreements would be circulated to the dominions for comment prior to the British government signing them.


1911 Imperial Conference
Australia expressed concern about Japan's growing naval power and it was agreed that the British government would consult Australia when negotiating renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Britain also agreed to consult South Africa about negotiations with Germany considering its colonial aspirations in Africa.


1911 Imperial Conference, Participants
The conference was hosted by King-Emperor George V, with his Prime Ministers and members of their respective cabinets:


1911 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1911 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1911 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach James M. Sheldon, the Hoosiers compiled a 3–3–1 record, finished in last place in the Western Conference, but still outscored all opponents by a combined total of 74 to 46.


1911 Indianapolis 500
The 1911 International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Tuesday, May 30, 1911. It was the inaugural running of the Indianapolis 500, which is one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. Ray Harroun, an engineer with the Marmon Motor Car Company, came out of retirement to drive, and won the inaugural event before re-retiring for good in the winner's circle.


1911 Indianapolis 500
Over the previous two seasons (1909 and 1910), the Speedway had scheduled numerous smaller races during a series of meets over the two years. In a departure from that policy, for 1911 the management decided to instead schedule a single, large-scale event attracting widespread attention from both American and European racing teams and manufacturers. It proved to be a successful event, immediately establishing itself both as the premier motorsports competition in the US, and one of the most prestigious in the world.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, "Too much racing"
The 1910 racing season at Indianapolis Motor Speedway began well, with an estimated 60,000 spectators for the 200 mi (320 km) Wheeler-Schebler Trophy on Memorial Day, won by Ray Harroun. Throughout the remainder of the season, however, the crowds grew progressively smaller, and after seeing a second decline in attendance in as many days for Labor Day, 5 September 1910, the final day of the concluding meet, Speedway co-founders Carl Fisher, James Allison, Arthur Newby and Frank Wheeler conferred to decide on a new course for the following year.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, "Too much racing"
While the appearance on Monday of some 18,000 was reasonable enough, given both the rain showers occurring early that morning and the large parade held downtown during the afternoon, neither the two days of the Labor Day meet nor the July 4 weekend races had come near to equaling the Memorial Day turnout.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, "Too much racing"
While potential explanations for the decline included the high heat of summer and the women of the city making family holiday plans that did not include automobile racing, one of the most likely, they reasoned, was an overabundance of the very events they exhibited: too many races had diluted turnout down to only those most interested in the sport.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Timing
By the next day, Tuesday, 6 September 1910, local newspapers had already heard rumors of the decision, and reported that the four partners would likely soon choose to concentrate on a singular, major event for 1911. Most strongly considered were either a 24-hour contest — anticipating the 24 Hours of Le Mans, itself inaugurated just a dozen years later — or a 1,000 mi (1,600 km) endurance race, with a spectacular purse of $25,000; equivalent to 37.615 kg (82.93 lb) of pure gold, and more than high enough to attract global as well as national and regional competition.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Timing
The endurance event was favored by several manufacturers, but debate soon proceeded as to what would be most beneficial to the spectators as well as the participants. While a 24-hour race would be possible on a technical level despite its extreme nature, all agreed that potential ticket-buyers would inevitably depart the grounds well before its conclusion. Deciding on a "race window" extending from 10:00AM to late afternoon, local time, early estimates placed the planned race distance at 300 to 500 miles (480 to 800 km). The race winner, with purse estimates ranging toward $30,000, could expect to see as much as $12,000.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Timing
In choices for a specific date to hold the race, Memorial Day, already the occasion of the largest attendance, was always foremost. As suggested to the Speedway owners by business associate Lem Trotter, the time coincided with the completion of a late-spring agricultural practice known as "haying," after which the farmers acquired an effective two-week break. While the intention, Trotter argued, would certainly be to draw from far more than just the local farming community, simple business sense called for as little interference as possible with the regional economy. That such an opportunity to avoid a conflict of interest fell on a major national holiday sealed the decision: within two days, formal announcement was made of a 500-mile (800 km), marathon-distance motor race, to be held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, 30 May 1911.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
As desired and expected, news of a contest of such distance evoked strong enthusiasm both within and without the motorsport community. Newspaper and trade magazine articles used ever-new superlatives for the challenges expected to soon face both drivers and engineers, and continuing discussion throughout the spring and winter kept the race as the primary conversation piece of the average citizen. Everyone, it seemed, had something to say about it.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
Due to the publicity thus created, Speedway management, which had for the previous two seasons of meets charged the effectively nominal entry fee of one dollar per mile of scheduled race distances, took measures to ensure that the likely large entry list did not include any that were frivolous: at an accordingly heightened fee of $500 per car, participation became a nominally risky proposition to teams and manufacturers, since, although the high finishers were due to receive record purse money and accessory prizes, no money at all was offered to finishers below tenth place.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
Interest, however, was far from dampened, with entry blanks distributed over the course of the following month quickly returning filled, the first of which being an automobile built by the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company of Racine, Wisconsin, to be driven by Lewis Strang. By 1 May 1911, the final day for entry filing, a high total of some 46 cars had been nominated to compete.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
1 May also marked the beginning of a long tradition of the opening of the Speedway, on the first day of the month of the race, to free practice on the circuit during daylight hours by any and all participants.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
A policy originally established so as to allow teams unfamiliar with the 2.5-mile (4.0 km), recently brick-paved high-speed course as much time to acclimate as necessary, the "Month of May", as it came to be called in future years, ultimately proved most advantageous in the short-term to the locally based teams, given that many of the entries from abroad did not even set out for the city until well into the month.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
One such example, the double-entry Pope-Hartford team based in Springfield, Massachusetts, came by way of the team's actual racing cars themselves simply being driven cross-country, while loaded up with toolboxes and as many spare parts as they could hold, making overnight stops in New York City, Buffalo, Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, before finally arriving, where they were duly met at the city's East Washington Street by Frank Fox, who was not only the slated driver of one of the two cars but also the company's local agent.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Preparation, and the "Month of May"
Ultimately, of the full forty-six entries originally submitted, only the two cars of the Falcar team from Moline, Illinois failed to appear, due to an inability to acquire critical chassis pieces.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Setting the field
To further refine the entry list as the date of the race approached, a qualification system was implemented whereby each car would be required to demonstrate a sufficiently competitive pace. With several of the top entries having already recorded, during the "unofficial" practice time of the month, complete laps at up to 88 mph (142 km/h), a minimum required speed of 75 mph (121 km/h), based on a flying start over a 0.25 miles (0.40 km) section of the main straightaway, was considered to be within reason.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Setting the field
Thus, all cars successfully completing an officially-timed run of the quarter-mile distance at or under 12 seconds would be accepted into the starting field; those that did not would be given two additional attempts before being rejected, a policy that began the tradition of three qualification attempts allotted to each entered car.


1911 Indianapolis 500, One Race, Setting the field
In the years following these inaugural qualification sessions, which were held on 27 and 28 May 1911, anecdotes would occasionally arise, and thereafter be steadily embellished in their retelling, regarding the purported qualifying times and speeds of given competitors, and how they compared to one another. In reality, no records of the sessions were kept at all, let alone publicized, with the sole objective being the confirmation of each car's capability to achieve the minimum speed. Also in contrast to later eras, both the starting order and the car numbering of the participants were determined not by respective speeds or previous seasonal point totals, but by entry date, with the Strang-driven Case entry being assigned #1 in the first starting position.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
The largest racing purse offered to date, $27,550, drew 46 entries from the United States and Europe, from which 40 qualified by sustaining 75 mph (121 km/h) along the quarter mile-long main straight. Grid positions were determined by date of filing of official entry forms, rather than speed, a difference from the contemporary European practice of lottery. Entries were prescribed by rules to have a minimum weight of 2,300 lb (1,043 kg) and a maximum engine size of 600 cubic inches (9.83 litres) displacement.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
The 40 cars lined up five to a row, except for the first and last. In the first row, the Stoddard-Dayton pace car was situated on the inside (driven by IMS owner Carl Fisher), with four competitors cars rounding out the row. Rows 2-8 had five cars each, while the final row had only one car in it. Fisher's use of the Stoddard-Dayton is believed to constitute the first use of such a vehicle, for the first known mass rolling start of an automobile race.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
Amid roiling smoke, the roar of the 40 machines' engines, and the waving of a red flag which signalled 'clear course ahead', American Johnny Aitken, in a National, took the lead from the fourth starting spot on the extreme outside of the first row, and held it until lap 5 when Spencer Wishart took over in a Mercedes, himself soon overtaken by David L. Bruce-Brown's Fiat which would go on to dominate the first half of the race.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
Sadly on lap 12 tragedy would strike as Sam Dickson (the riding mechanic for Arthur Greiner) was the first person killed in history during the Indianapolis 500. One of the front wheels came off the American Simplex car Greiner was driving, causing him to lose control and both men to be thrown from the car. While Greiner escaped with a broken arm, Dickson flew into a fence 20 feet (6.1 m) from the car.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
Reports state that Dickson was killed instantly, although the crowd evidently swarmed around the body, requiring the state militia who were acting as security at the event to use their guns as clubs to clear a path for the attending doctors. Nearing the halfway point, Ray Harroun, an engineer for the Marmon-Nordyke company and defending AAA national champion, and the only driver competing without a riding mechanic due to his first-ever-recorded use of a cowl-mounted rear-view mirror, passed Bruce-Brown for the lead in his self-designed, six-cylinder "Marmon Wasp" (so named for its distinctively sharp-pointed, wasp-like tail).


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
Others faltered during the marathon event, 14 cars fell out of the race.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
Harroun, relieved by Cyrus Patschke for 35 laps (87.5 miles / 140.82 km), led 88 of the 200 laps, the most among the race's seven leaders, for a race-average speed of 74.602 mph (120.060 km/h) in a total time of 6:42:08 for the 500-mile (804.67 km) distance to win. During the midpoint of the second half the race, Harroun and Lozier driver Ralph Mulford had fought an intense duel, with Harroun holding a small advantage near the 340 mile (550 kilometer) mark, whereupon one of the Wasp's tires failed. Harroun's forced stop allowed Mulford to move to the front, before Mulford also pitted for new rubber. After Mulford came back onto the track, Harroun was scored in the lead with a 1-minute 48 second advantage, and victory.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race
After the race, and collection of $10,000 for first place, Harroun returned to the position he had taken at the end of the 1910 racing season: retirement. He would never race again.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race, Controversy
Upon Harroun's declared victory, second-place finisher Mulford supposedly protested, contending he had lapped Harroun when the Marmon limped in on the torn tire, an argument appearing plausible to some, due to an accident disrupting the official timing and scoring stand at nearly the same time. However, race officials were quick to note Mulford's subsequent pit stop forced the Lozier crew to spend several minutes themselves changing a tire which stuck to the wheel hub; Mulford's protest was thus denied.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race, Controversy
According to track historian Donald Davidson, no protests were filed at the end of the race and Mulford offered congratulations to Harroun in the Detroit Free Press newspaper on June 4. Davidson has also pointed out that Mulford was reported by contemporary publications to have changed 14 tires during the course of the race, including one from a blown tire in turn one. Changing tires at the time was a lengthy and painstaking process, as the wheels were typically not removable. Tires had to be pried off of the rims, remounted, and inflated - all using hand tools, and in the precarious confines of the primitive pit stalls. Mulford himself even understood and admitted that he lost at least 14 minutes of track position due to his numerous pit stops.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race, Controversy
"[Mulford] expressed himself as more than satisfied with the outcome of the race and gives full credit to Ray Harroun and Cyrus Patschke for their great victory."


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race, Controversy
After blowing the tire on turn one, Mulford had to limp around the track for almost an entire lap, and subsequently bent the rim. That necessitated an even longer pit stop at that juncture to hammer out the damage. The accounts from the newspapers claim that Harroun changed only four tires all day during only three pit stops. Harroun's team changed the right rear tire three times, and one other unspecified tire. Harroun's shorter elapsed time in the pits is alone considered sufficient to more than overcome any track position advantage Mulford might have been thought to have.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race, Controversy
But the undermining evidence to support Harroun as the rightful winner was the team strategy to run a constant 75 mph pace, regardless of position, in order to save tire wear. During the 1910 Wheeler-Schebler Trophy Race, as well as during test runs in May 1911, Harroun discovered that by merely running a constant 75 mph pace instead of an 80 mph (or faster) pace, he would substantially reduce his tire wear and increase tire life.


1911 Indianapolis 500, The 500-mile race, Controversy
Davidson contends that Mulford did not make serious claims to victory later in life, as some have suggested. And in fact the controversy itself did not begin to inflame until decades after the race. Likewise, internet-based urban legends, and a book published in 2011, have fueled the controversy. It is also possible that Mulford's statements in the Detroit Free Press interview were misunderstood or purposely misconstrued. While giving full credit to Harroun for winning the race, Mulford did for himself claim the world record for 500 miles driven solo (Harroun had relief help from Cyrus Patschke). He also made the largely inconsequential claim that minus the stoppage time needed for pit stops (over 14 minutes), he likely completed the 500 miles (running time only) in less elapsed time than Harroun & Patschke.


1911 International Cross Country Championships
The 1911 International Cross Country Championships was held in Caerleon, Wales, at the Caerleon Racecourse on 25 March 1911. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1911 International Cross Country Championships
Complete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1911 International Cross Country Championships, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 45 athletes from 5 countries.


1911 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1911 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the tenth edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup, named after the American tennis player Dwight F. Davis. After no country decided to challenge Australasia in 1910, only the British Isles and the United States would challenge for the Cup, for the third straight edition. Also for the third straight edition, the Americans would beat the British to earn the right to play for the Cup, and for the third straight edition, the Aussies would beat the Americans for the title.


1911 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
For the first time, however, teams were allowed to use substitute players in dead rubbers, with the United States playing Maurice McLoughlin in singles after Australasia had clinched the final. The final also marked the first time a tie was played in New Zealand, when it was played at Lancaster Park in Christchurch. Anthony Wilding, whose home city was Christchurch, and Australian Norman Brookes won the 1907 tournament for Australasia; the first time that America had been beaten in this tournament. With Wilding being absent in Europe for the 1911 competition, the chances of the Australasian team were weakened.


1911 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
Rain delayed the beginning of the games scheduled for 29 December 1911, and the 1911 Davis Cup event was held between 1 and 3 January 1912. Norman Brookes beat Beals Wright in the opening match. Rodney Heath increased the lead for Australasia by beating William Larned. Australasia retained the Davis Cup through a win in the doubles, with Brookes and Alfred Dunlop being successful over Wright and McLoughlin. The fourth match was defaulted by Wright, and Larned stepped aside to give the younger McLoughlin the opportunity to play Brookes. After leading 2 sets to 1, Brookes came back and won the match, and gave Australasia a clean 5–0 victory.


1911 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1911 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1911 college football season.


1911 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1911 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1911 college football season. Iowa State would only lose one game in 1911 to retroactive national champions Minnesota. The game ended in a score of 0 to 5 in Minnesota's favor and was tied for the closest game they would play all year. Iowa State was recognized as co-champion of the Missouri Valley Conference along with Nebraska.


1911 Isle of Man TT
The 1911 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races took place for the first time over the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. The whole organisation of the races was given over to the Auto-Cycle Union (ACU), which announced the use of the longer mountain course with a four lap (150 mile) Junior race on Friday 30 June, and five laps (189 mile) for the Senior race on Monday 3 July. In only five years the TT races had matured and commercialism had set-in. Grandstands were built by the Douglas Corporation in what had been popular and free vantage points in Douglas, to the displeasure of the public.


1911 Isle of Man TT
Preparations for this new, challenging course that meant an eight-mile (13 km) uphill climb from Ramsey to Brandywell prompted the manufacturers to devise methods of modifying their mainly single-gear machines to cope with the Snaefell mountain road not once, but several times. Harry Collier, on the single-cylinder Matchless, and Percy J. Evans fought for first place in the Junior event. In the Senior event, British pride and prestige was dented when the Indians took the first three places. Charlie Collier crossed the finish line second on his Matchless, but was disqualified for refuelling outside of the designated area.


1911 Isle of Man TT
On Friday, June 27, 1911, the first fatal accident in connection with the Tourist Trophy races happened. While practicing for the forthcoming race, Victor Surridge was taking a difficult corner on Cregwilly’s Hill near Glen Helen section of the course, dashing into a hedge and breaking his neck. He was nineteen years of age.


1911 Isle of Man TT, Junior TT final standings
Friday 30 June 1911 – 4 laps (150 miles) Four Inch Course/Isle of Man TT Mountain Course


1911 Isle of Man TT, Senior TT final standings
Monday 3 July 1911 – 5 laps (187 miles 4 furlongs) Four Inch Course/Isle of Man TT Mountain Course


1911 Italian Athletics Championships
The 1911 Italian Athletics Championships  were held in Rome. it was the 6th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships.


1911 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1911 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1911 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Ralph W. Sherwin, the Jayhawks compiled a 4–2–2 record (1–1–1 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 81 to 44. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Earl Ammons was the team captain.


1911 Kansas State Aggies football team
The 1911 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College in the 1911 college football season.


1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game
The 1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game was a college football game between the University of Kansas and the University of Missouri played on November 25, 1911 at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri. It is widely considered, although contested, to be the first college football homecoming game ever played.


1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game
The Missouri Tigers, under coach Chester Brewer entered the game with a record of 2 wins, 4 losses, and 1 tie. The Kansas Jayhawks, led by Ralph W. Sherwin brought a record of 4 wins, 2 losses, and 1 tie. The game ended in a 3–3 tie and was the final game of the season for both schools.


1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game
More than 1,000 people gathered in downtown Lawrence, Kansas to watch a mechanical reproduction of the game while it was being played. A Western Union telegraph wire was set up direct from Columbia, with information "broadcast" to Lawrence. A group of people then would announce the results of the previous play and used a large model of a football playing field to show the results. Those in attendance would cheer as though they were watching the game live, including the school's Rock Chalk, Jayhawk cheer.


1911 Kebin earthquake
The 1911 Kebin earthquake, or Chon-Kemin earthquake, struck Russian Turkestan on 3 January. Registering at a 7.7 magnitude, it killed 452 people, destroyed more than 770 buildings (which was almost all of the city) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and resulted in 125 miles (201 km) of surface faulting in the valleys of Chon-Kemin, Chilik and Chon-Aksu.


1911 Kebin earthquake, Damage
Most of the region's inhabitants lived in yurts, which are relatively resistant to earthquakes and unlikely to cause deaths even if they do collapse. The greatest damage and most of the casualties resulted from landslides triggered by the earthquake, with 452 people killed and another 740 people injured. Nearly 1,100 houses and 4,545 yurts were destroyed by the earthquake and the resulting landslides.


1911 Kebin earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Tien Shan mountains form part of the broad zone of deformation associated with the continuing collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. In the region around Issyk Kul, the tectonic regime is a combination of thrusting and sinistral strike-slip. The lake is formed in a ramp basin bounded to both north and south by opposite verging thrust faults, while the major Chon-Kemin–Chilik strike-slip fault runs along the linear valleys to the north.


1911 Kebin earthquake, Characteristics
In the Chong-Kemin and Chilik valleys, and on the shoreline of Issyk Kul, a complex zone of surface rupture was identified by fieldwork immediately following the earthquake. Two main zones of rupture were noted, one complex zone along the Chon-Kemin and Chilik valleys, the other along the Chon-Aksu valley.


1911 Kebin earthquake, Characteristics, Chon-Kemin Chilik rupture zone
This complex zone of ruptures has four main segments: the 20 km long Dzhil'-Aryk, the 62 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, south side, the 40 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, north side and the 66 km long Upper Chon-Kemin-Chilik zone. The Dzhil'-Aryk segment shows evidence of reverse faulting on a south-dipping fault plane, with no clear evidence of lateral movement. The sense of displacement along the rest of the near-vertical Chon-Kemin and Chilik rupture zone was dominantly of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip with minor amounts of reverse faulting, with between one and three metres of vertical displacement. Left-lateral displacements of up to 40 m recognised from the offset of river channels, represent cumulative displacements and no separate estimates have been obtained for the 1911 event.


1911 Kebin earthquake, Characteristics, Chon-Aksu Aksu rupture zone
This zone has two parts: the 40 km long Chon-Aksu segment and the 34 km long Aksu segment. Along the Chon-Aksu valley the movement was dominantly reverse in type along a 60° north-dipping reverse fault, with up to 10.5 m vertical displacement and at most 1 m horizontal displacement, from the lack of observed offset of river thalwegs. The outcrop pattern of the Aksu segment rupture indicates a low-angle thrust, possibly steepening with depth, with a maximum vertical offset or 3–5 m, decreasing steadily to the east. In total about 200 km of fault surfaces ruptured, although there was no visible faulting joining the two main rupture zones.


1911 Kebin earthquake, Characteristics, Landslides
Many landslides and rock avalanches were triggered by the earthquake and are associated with the mapped zones of surface rupture. The two largest landslides were the Kaindy rock avalanche and the Ananevo rockslide. The Kaindy landslide, with a volume of 15 x 106 m3, was formed of a mass of limestone that buried a group of yurts and killed 38 people. The Ananevo rockslide also had a volume of about 15 x 106 m3, and was formed of weathered granitic material, with a 250 m high backscarp that is still visible.


1911 Keighley by-election
A by-election was held in Keighley constituency in the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1911 to fill a vacancy in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.


1911 Keighley by-election, Vacancy
The vacancy was caused by the death on 30 September 1911 of Sir John Brigg, who had been the Liberal MP for Keighley since 1895.


1911 Keighley by-election, Result
The by-election was held on 27 October. The seat was held for the Liberals by Stanley Buckmaster, who gained 39% of the vote and obtained a majority of 825 over a Conservative and a Labour candidate.


1911 Keighley by-election, Aftermath
In 1913 Buckmaster was appointed Solicitor General and required to fight another by-election


1911 Keighley by-election, Aftermath
Anderson was elected MP for Sheffield Attercliffe in 1914. Acworth did not contest another election.


1911 Kentucky Derby
The 1911 Kentucky Derby was the 37th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 13, 1911. Horses Jabot, Ramazan, and Captain Carmody  scratched before the race. The winning time of 2:05.00 set a new Derby record.


1911 Kentucky State College Wildcats football team
The 1911 Kentucky State College Wildcats football team represented Kentucky State College (now known as the University of Kentucky) during the 1911 college football season. The team was upset by Transylvania.


1911 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 1911 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1911. Democratic nominee James B. McCreary defeated Republican nominee Edward C. O'Rear with 52.01% of the vote.


1911 Kikai Island earthquake
The 1911 Kikai Island earthquake (Japanese: 喜界島地震) occurred on June 15 at 14:26 UTC (23:26 local time). The earthquake was located near Kikai Island, Japan. It had a magnitude of Ms 8.1.


1911 Kikai Island earthquake, Overview
The earthquake occurred near the northern end of the deepest region in Ryukyu Trench. The hypocenter was located near 28.00°E, 130.00°N, about 30 km south of the Kikai Island, with a depth of about 100 km. However, due to the instrumental precision of that time, the location of the hypocenter was just an approximation, and estimations differ. A recent study estimated that the hypocenter was located near 28.90°E, 130.25°N, about 60 km NNE of the Kikai Island, with a depth of about 30 km.


1911 Kikai Island earthquake, Overview
Twelve people were reported dead, including one on Kikai Island. Four hundred and twenty two houses were completely destroyed, 401 of which on Kikai Island. Damage was also reported on Amami Ōshima, Toku-no-shima, and Okinawa Island. The wall of Shuri Castle in Shuri was damaged. This earthquake could be felt as far as in Shanghai, China, Tainan, Taiwan (then under Japanese rule), and Fukushima, Japan.


1911 Kikai Island earthquake, Tsunami
The earthquake triggered a tsunami which was recorded on Kikai Island and Amami Ōshima. The tsunami was relatively small on the east coast of Kikai Island, but had a height of at least 5m on the west coast of Kikai Island and also in Amami Ōshima, and may have had a maximum height of over 10m in certain parts of Kikai Island.


1911 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1911 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 23rd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1911 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 25 August 1912, Tullaroan won the championship after a 4-03 to 2-05 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. This was their 11th championship title overall and their second title in succession.


1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election
The Kilmarnock Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 26 September 1911. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The constituency consisted of five parliamentary burghs: Kilmarnock in the county of Ayr, Dumbarton in the county of Dumbarton, Rutherglen in the county of Lanark and Renfrew and Port Glasgow in the county of Renfrew.


1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election, Vacancy
Adam Rolland Rainy had been Liberal MP for Kilmarnock Burghs since gaining the seat from the Conservatives in 1906. He died on 26 August 1911 at the youthful age of 49, causing the by-election.


1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election, Electoral history
Dr Rainy's Liberal victory in 1906 coincided with the landslide win for his party across the UK. However, when the Liberals lost ground in January 1910, Rainy managed to increase his majority. That comfortable win was confirmed 11 months later;


1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election, Aftermath
Rees was to get elected at the 1912 Nottingham East by-election. A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election.


1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election, Aftermath
Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place. In 1915 while serving in France, Gladstone was Killed in action. This resulted in the 1915 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election in which the Liberal Alexander Shaw was returned unopposed. McKerrell did not stand for parliament again.


1911 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election
Mark Sykes of the Conservative Party narrowly won the by-election of 1911 in the constituency of Kingston upon Hull Central.


1911 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Vacancy
Seymour King the Conservative MP since 1885 was unseated on petition on 1 June 1911.


1911 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, Aftermath
A general election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.


1911 LSU Tigers football team
The 1911 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1911 college football season.


1911 Lafayette football team
The 1911 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1911 college football season. Under head coaches Bob Folwell (first five games) and Samuel B. Newton (final five games), the team compiled an 8–2 record. William Dannehower was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1911 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1911 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Howard R. Reiter, the team compiled a 5–5–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 91 to 82. The team played its home games at Lehigh Field in South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1911 Les Avants Ice Hockey Tournament
The 1911 Les Avants Tournament was an international ice hockey tournament held in Les Avants, Switzerland from January 13–15, 1911. Five teams participated in the tournament, which was won by the Oxford Canadians.


1911 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia in 1911. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for Daniel Edward Howard of the True Whig Party. He took office on 1 January 1912.


1911 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1911 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 20th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1911 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Ballingarry won the championship after a 4-02 to 1-02 defeat of Fedamore in the final. It remains their only championship triumph.


1911 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 1 November 1911.


1911 Liverpool City Council election, Election result
Given the significant number of uncontested wards, these statistics should be taken in context.


1911 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results
Comparisons are made with the 1908 election results, as the retiring councillors were elected in that year.


1911 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Election
Caused by the death of Alderman William Humphrey Williams (Conservative elected 9 November 1910)


1911 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 26 Dingle, 16 May 1912
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Algernon Charles Francis Henderson (Conservative, Dingle, elected 1 November 1910), which was reported to the Council on 1 May 1912.


1911 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 26 Dingle, 16 May 1912
The Term of Office to expire on 1 November 1913


1911 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 1 Sandhills, 16 May 1912
Caused by the death of Councillor Michael Edward Kearney (Irish Nationalist, Sandhills, elected unopposed 1 November 1909)


1911 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 1 Sandhills, 16 May 1912
The Term of Office to end on 1 November 1912.


1911 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 23 St. Domingo
Caused by the death of Councillor Joseph Roby (Conservative, St. Domingo, last elected 1 November 1909)on 23 July 1912.


1911 Liverpool general transport strike
The 1911 Liverpool general transport strike, also known as the great transport workers' strike, involved dockers, railway workers and sailors, as well people from other trades. It paralysed Liverpool commerce for most of the summer of 1911. It also transformed trade unionism on Merseyside. For the first time, general trade unions were able to establish themselves on a permanent footing and become genuine mass organisations of the working class.


1911 Liverpool general transport strike
Strike action began on 14 June when the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union announced a nationwide merchant seamen's strike. Solidarity action in support of the seamen led to other sections of workers coming out on strike. A strike committee – chaired by syndicalist Tom Mann – was formed to represent all the workers in dispute.


1911 Liverpool general transport strike
Many meetings were held on St. George's Plateau, next to St. George’s Hall on Lime Street, including the rally on 13 August where police baton charged a crowd of 85,000 people, who had gathered to hear Tom Mann speak. This became known as "Bloody Sunday". In the police charges and subsequent unrest that carried on through the following night, over 350 people were injured. 3,500 British troops were stationed in the city by this time.


1911 Liverpool general transport strike
Two days later, soldiers of the 18th Hussars opened fire on a crowd on Vauxhall Road, injuring fifteen, two fatally: John Sutcliffe, a 19-year-old Catholic carter, was shot twice in the head, and Michael Prendergast, a 30-year-old Catholic docker, was shot twice in the chest. An inquest into their deaths later brought in a verdict of 'justifiable homicide'.


1911 Liverpool general transport strike
Home Secretary Winston Churchill sent in troops and positioned the cruiser HMS Antrim in the Mersey.


1911 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1911 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the sixth edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 12 June 1911. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Joseph Van Daele.


1911 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1911 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on October 31, 1911, with a run-off election on December 5, 1911. Incumbent George Alexander was re-elected.


1911 Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1911 Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Industrial Institute—now known as Louisiana Tech University—as an independent during the 1911 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Percy S. Prince, Louisiana Industrial compiled a record of 4–1–1. The team's captain was A. A. Smith.


1911 Loyola University Chicago football team
The 1911 Loyola University Chicago football team represented Loyola University of Chicago during the 1911 college football season.


1911 Luton by-election
Cecil Harmsworth of the Liberal Party narrowly won the by-election of 1911 in the constituency of Luton.


1911 Luton by-election, Vacancy
Thomas Ashton had been the Liberal MP here since 1895. Luton had been Liberal since the seat was created in 1885. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Ashton of Hyde, in the County of Chester, with a seat in the House of Lords.


1911 Luton by-election, Candidates
The new Liberal candidate selected to defend the seat was Cecil Harmsworth. He had been Liberal MP for Droitwich, Worcestershire until his defeat there in January 1910. The Conservatives re-selected John Owen Hickman, who had been their candidate last time.


1911 Luton by-election, Aftermath
A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.


1911 Luxembourg general election
Partial general elections were held in Luxembourg on 13 and 20 June 1911, electing 21 out of 52 members of the Chamber of Deputies.


1911 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1911 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1911 college football season. The team compiled a 6–2 record. William Parker was the team captain.


1911 Maitland state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Maitland on 28 October 1911, following the death of John Gillies (Independent Liberal).


1911 Major League Baseball season
The 1911 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 12 to October 26, 1911. The New York Giants and Philadelphia Athletics were the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. The Athletics then defeated the Giants in the World Series, four games to two.


1911 Major League Baseball season
This was the first of four seasons that the Chalmers Award, a precursor to the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (introduced in 1931), was given to a player in each league.


1911 Major League Baseball season
This is the most recent major league season from which no stadiums remain in use. The Boston Red Sox have used Fenway Park as their home field since the 1912 season.


1911 Maltese general election
General elections were held in Malta on 13 and 14 October 1911. Candidates ran in only three of the eight seats, with five remaining empty.


1911 Maltese general election, Background
The elections were held under the Chamberlain Constitution, with members elected from eight single-member constituencies.


1911 Marquette Blue and Gold football team
The 1911 Marquette Blue and Gold football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach William Juneau, the team compiled a 7–0–2 record.


1911 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1911 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall College (now Marshall University) in the 1911 college football season. Marshall posted a 4–1–1 record, outscoring its opposition 122–22. Home games were played on a campus field called "Central Field" which is presently Campus Commons.


1911 Maryland Aggies football team
The 1911 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (which became Maryland State College in 1916 and part of the University of Maryland in 1920) in the 1911 college football season. The Aggies compiled a 4–4–2 record and were outscored by their opponents, 72 to 37. Charley Donnelly coached the Aggies in their first eight games, compiling a 2–4–2 record; Curley Byrd took over as coach for the final two games, both victories.


1911 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1911 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1911.


1911 Maryland gubernatorial election
Republican candidate Phillips Lee Goldsborough defeated Democratic candidate Arthur Pue Gorman, Jr.


1911 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1911 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1911 college football season. The team was coached by Jack Hubbard and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1911 season was Hubbard's only as head coach of the Aggies. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2–7.


1911 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1911 Massachusetts gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1911. Incumbent Democratic Governor Eugene Foss defeated the Republican nominee, Louis A. Frothingham with 48.84% of the vote.


1911 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Bibliography
This Massachusetts-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1911 Massachusetts legislature
The 132nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1911 during the governorship of Eugene Foss. Allen T. Treadway served as president of the Senate and Joseph Walker served as speaker of the House.


1911 Mercer Baptists football team
The 1911 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1911 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The coach was Charles C. Stroud.


1911 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on October 1 and 15, 1911.


1911 Mexican general election, Background
The 1910 elections were intended to be the first free elections of the Porfiriato, but after opposition leader Francisco I. Madero appeared poised to upset the Porfirian regime, he was arrested and imprisoned before the election was held. Despite Madero's popularity, Diaz was controversially announced as the election winner with almost 99% of the votes. The elections were subsequently rigged and the results not recognized by Madero, who then published the Plan of San Luis Potosí in October 1910 that served to incite the Mexican Revolution.


1911 Miami Redskins football team
The 1911 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1911 college football season. Led by coach Edwin Sweetland in his first and only year, Miami compiled a 2–4–2 record. The prior season's coach, Harold Iddings, replaced Sweetland as basketball coach at Kentucky. Sweetland  was the last head coach to leave Miami with a losing record until 1989 when Tim Rose's contract was not renewed.


1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1911 college football season. In their first year under head coach John Macklin, the Aggies compiled a 5–1 record and outscored their opponents 93 to 30.


1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On October 14, 1911, the Aggies lost to Michigan by a 15 to 3 score in front of 5,000 spectators at College Field in East Lansing, Michigan. It was the sixth game in the Michigan - Michigan State football rivalry, and Michigan had a record of 4-0-1 in the five prior meetings, outscoring the Aggies by a combined total of 210 to 0. The 1911 game was the first loss by M.A.C. on their home field.


1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Michigan threatened to score in the first quarter, but one drive was stopped when the Aggies' intercepted a pass at their own 10-yard line. On the next drive, Michigan took the ball to the Aggies' 15-yard line, but a field goal attempt by Frederick L. Conklin was unsuccessful. In the second quarter, another Michigan drive took the ball to the M.A.C. three-yard line, but Michigan was unable to score, and the Aggies took over on downs. Walter Eckersall was the umpire and also covered the game for the Chicago Daily Tribune.


1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Eckersall wrote: "That Michigan met a Tartar in a team which held Yost's eleven to a 0 to 0 score in the first two periods and was the first to register a score . . . cannot be questioned. Time after time the Wolverines carried the ball inside the local's fifteen yard line only to be checked by a slow defense."


1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
In the third quarter, the Aggies took the lead when their left halfback Hill kicked a field goal from the 35-yard line. Shortly thereafter, a 30-yard gain by Otto Carpell helped set the stage for a field goal by Conklin from the 20-yard line. In the fourth quarter, Michigan scored two touchdowns. The first came on a 63-yard drive that included a 30-yard gain on a pass from fullback George C. Thomson to Stanfield Wells. Wells finished the drive with a five-yard touchdown run, and Frederick L. Conklin kicked the extra point.


1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After the touchdown, Thomson returned M.A.C. 's kickoff 55 yards to the Aggies' 48-yard line. Thomson then gained 35 yards on a running play for Michigan's second touchdown. Conklin kicked the extra point. Thomson also handled punting for Michigan, and one of his punts went 70 yards. The game was played in ten-minute quarters.


1911 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1911 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1911 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Dwight Wilson, the Normalites compiled a record of 3–4 and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 71 to 43. Guy A. Durgan was the team captain.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1911 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1911 college football season. The team's head coach was Fielding H. Yost in his 11th season at Michigan. The Wolverines compiled a record of 5–1–2 and outscored their opponents 90 to 38.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team
After beginning the season with four consecutive wins, the team was stricken with multiple injuries and won only one of its final four games, an 11–9 victory over Penn in the annual rivalry game with the Quakers. The team's sole loss was to Cornell in a game in which halfback Jimmy Craig, quarterback Shorty McMillan, and lineman Miller Pontius were all sidelined with injuries. As the injuries mounted, the Detroit Free Press quipped in late November 1911 that Michigan could claim the world championship of injuries, having had more injuries in 1911 than ever before in the program's history.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team
Only one Michigan player received All-American honors in 1911. Stanfield Wells, who played three games at right end and three at right halfback, was selected as a first-team All-American by The New York Globe and Henry L. Williams. Two other players on the 1911 team, Pontius and Craig, received All-American honors in 1912 or 1913.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team
Four Michigan players were recognized as first-team All-Western players. They were Wells, team captain Frederick L. Conklin, fullback and punter George "Bottles" Thomson, and Craig. Thomson was also the team's high scorer with seven touchdowns in seven games for a total of 35 points.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
The 1911 team featured several players who had been starters on the undefeated 1910 Michigan Wolverines football team, including team captain Frederick L. Conklin, Thomas A. Bogle, Jr., Stanfield Wells, Shorty McMillan, and George C. Thomson. The team also included a promising group of sophomores who had played on the freshman team in 1910, including Jimmy Craig, Miller Pontius, and George C. Paterson. However, with games against Ohio State, Vanderbilt, Cornell, Penn, and Nebraska, the team faced "one of the hardest schedules ever arranged for the Wolverines."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
The team conducted its preliminary training camp at Whitmore Lake, Michigan, beginning on August 19, 1911.   Letters were sent inviting 23 prospects to Whitmore Lake. Pre -season training resumed at Whitmore Lake on September 19 and continued through September 29.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
Before the season began, several press reports noted that, with five veteran players returning from the 1910 championship team, head coach Fielding H. Yost was optimistic. The Michigan Alumnus wrote:


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
"The famous Yost smile is broader this season than ever before. The famous 'Hurry Up,' in all his years of coaching experience, has never been so optimistic over Michigan's chances for a victorious season as he is this year -- at least, not since 1905."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
Much of the pre-season had been spent focusing on the development of a quarterback to replace Shorty McMillan, who had announced in late July that he intended to give up college and accept a position in his father's business. However, Coach Yost ultimately persuaded McMillan to return to Michigan, and he joined the team on October 10, 1911—shortly after the first game of the season. The team also lost the services of Arthur Cornwell, who had been selected by Yost as the All-Western center in 1910, due to academic ineligibility.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Case
On October 7, 1911, Michigan opened its season at Ferry Field with a 24–0 victory over the team from Cleveland's Case Scientific School. The game was the 15th meeting between the two programs, and Michigan had won 13 of the 14 prior games. The teams had played to a tie in 1910.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Case
Michigan scored four touchdowns (valued at five points under 1911 rules) and kicked four extra points in the game. Fullback George C. "Bottles" Thomson scored all four touchdowns for Michigan, including two touchdowns in the fourth quarter on runs of three and 25 yards. Team captain and left tackle Frederick L. Conklin kicked all four extra points. On defense, Michigan held Case to one first down. Sophomore Jimmy Craig appeared in his first game and started at the quarterback position.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Case
The Detroit Free Press called a 20-yard punt return by Craig "the prettiest play of the game" and opined that Craig "showed real ability at the art of dodging and straight-arming eluding no less than five would-be tacklers before anyone could down him." No serious injuries were sustained in the Case game, and the Free Press noted that the team was showing "remarkable early season speed."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Case
The game was played in 10-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against Case (starters listed first) was Garrels (left end), Conklin (left tackle), Bogle (left guard), Paterson (center), Allmendinger and Quinn (right guard), Pontius (right tackle), Wells (right end), Craig and Picard (quarterback), Torbet and Herrington (left halfback), Huebel, Wenner and Roblee (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback).


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Michigan Agricultural
In the second week of the season, Michigan defeated Michigan Agricultural College by a 15–3 score in front of 5,000 spectators at College Field in East Lansing, Michigan. It was the sixth game in the Michigan - Michigan State football rivalry, and Michigan had a record of 4-0-1 in the five prior meetings, outscoring the Aggies by a combined total of 210 to 0. The 1911 game was the first loss by M.A.C. on their home field.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Michigan Agricultural
Michigan threatened to score in the first quarter, but one drive was stopped when the Aggies' intercepted a pass at their own 10-yard line. On the next drive, Michigan took the ball to the Aggies' 15-yard line, but a field goal attempt by Frederick L. Conklin was unsuccessful. In the second quarter, another Michigan drive took the ball to the M.A.C. three-yard line, but Michigan was unable to score, and the Aggies took over on downs. Walter Eckersall was the umpire and also covered the game for the Chicago Daily Tribune.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Michigan Agricultural
Eckersall wrote: "That Michigan met a Tartar in a team which held Yost's eleven to a 0 to 0 score in the first two periods and was the first to register a score . . . cannot be questioned. Time after time the Wolverines carried the ball inside the local's fifteen yard line only to be checked by a slow defense."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Michigan Agricultural
In the third quarter, the Aggies took the lead when their left halfback Hill kicked a field goal from the 35-yard line. Shortly thereafter, a 30-yard gain by Otto Carpell helped set the stage for a field goal by Conklin from the 20-yard line. In the fourth quarter, Michigan scored two touchdowns. The first came on a 63-yard drive that included a 30-yard gain on a pass from fullback George C. Thomson to Stanfield Wells. Wells finished the drive with a five-yard touchdown run, and Frederick L. Conklin kicked the extra point. After the touchdown, Thomson returned M.A.C. 's kickoff 55 yards to the Aggies' 48-yard line. Thomson then gained 35 yards on a running play for Michigan's second touchdown. Conklin kicked the extra point. Thomson also handled punting for Michigan, and one of his punts went 70 yards.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Michigan Agricultural
After the game, Walter Eckersall concluded: "Michigan has a team which is going to be mighty hard to beat as soon as Yost perfects the team play. The Michigan mentor has the weight, speed, and cleverness for the development of another strong team."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Michigan Agricultural
The game was played in ten-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against the Aggies was Garrels (left end), Conklin (left tackle), Bogle (left guard), Paterson (center), Allmendinger and Quinn (right guard), Pontius (right tackle), Wells (right end), Craig and McMillan (quarterback), Torbet, Herrington and Craig (left halfback), Carpell (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback). Walter Eckersall was the umpire.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
In the third week of the 1911 season, Michigan defeated  Ohio State by a 19–0 score at Ferry Field. The game was the 13th meeting in the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry, with Michigan having won 10 of the prior meetings and tied twice.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
After a scoreless first quarter, Stanfield Wells scored a touchdown from the six-yard line early in the second quarter. The extra point attempt by Frederick L. Conklin was unsuccessful. As the game wore on, Michigan's conditioning was in evidence. The Detroit Free Press wrote: "The pace that the Wolverines set was too fast for the men from Ohio and Coach Vaughn was forced to send in a substitute back field." Early in the third quarter, Thomas A. Bogle, Jr. kicked a field goal from the 36-yard line.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
Later in the third quarter, Michigan blocked a punt by Ohio State's Wright from behind his goal line. Conklin recovered the ball for a touchdown and also kicked the extra point. Michigan led 14–0 at the end of the third quarter. Fullback George C. Thomson scored Michigan's final touchdown on a one-yard run in the fourth quarter. Conklin's kick for extra point was unsuccessful. The game ended with Michigan in possession of the ball at Ohio State's six-inch line.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
After the game, the Detroit Free Press called Bogle, Wells and Conklin the "brightest stars of the day," though it noted that Conklin was "not up to snuff on kicking goals or at least was not today." The Free Press also praised the work of Thomson: "Thomson seems to have the habit of taking a big share of the limelight and he lived up to his reputation today. He was not punting far but his kicks were hard to handle and the way he hit the line and bumped off tackle for big gains was a feature."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
With three impressive victories to open the season, the Free Press opined that the 1911 team had few weaknesses and called the backfield the "speediest Yost ever has had."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against Ohio State (starters listed first) was Conklin (left end), Bogle and Roblee (left tackle), Quinn and Bogle (left guard), Paterson (center), Allmendinger and Garrels (right guard), Pontius (right tackle), Wells (right end), McMillan and Picard (quarterback), Craig (left halfback), Carpell and Huebel (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback).


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
On October 28, 1911, Michigan defeated Vanderbilt at Ferry Field by a score of 9 to 8. The game matched Michigan head coach Fielding H. Yost against his former player and brother-in-law, Dan McGugin. Because of the relationship between Yost and McGugin, the two teams played nine times between 1905 and 1923, with Michigan winning eight games and tying one.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Before the game, Coach Yost reminded reporters that Vanderbilt's 1911 team included the same veteran line that had held Yale scoreless in 1910. Yost predicted a hard game.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Thomas A. Bogle, Jr. of Michigan attempted two field goals in the first half, but both kicks were blocked. After a scoreless first half, each team kicked a field goal in the third quarter. Vanderbilt kicked its field goal after Shorty McMillan fumbled a punt, and Vanderbilt recovered the ball at Michigan's 27-yard line. Later in the quarter, McMillan carried the ball 33 yards to the Vanderbilt 10-yard line on a quarterback run. Frederick L. Conklin then place-kicked a field goal from the 19-yard line. In the fourth quarter, Stanfield Wells ran five yards for a touchdown, and Conklin kicked the extra point to give Michigan a 9–3 lead. Vanderbilt responded with its own touchdown, but the extra point failed due to a high kickout.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
In the Detroit Free Press, E. A. Batchelor wrote: "Vanderbilt's failure to execute properly one of the simplest plays in the football catalogue was all that saved Michigan from the humiliation of a tie score with Dan McGugin's peppery Dixie lads this afternoon." Batchelor opined that, with the exception of halfback Jimmy Craig and center "Bubbles" Paterson, the Wolverines "played their worst game of the season." He described a 75-yard run by Craig in the fourth quarter as "the most spectacular play of the day."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Walter Eckersall served as the umpire and covered the game for the Chicago Daily Tribune. Eckersall wrote that Michigan's offense suffered from "an air of overconfidence," its tackling was poor, and the team was completely fooled on forward passes. He opined that the game was a reversal for Michigan, which would need "vast improvement" to defeat Penn and Cornell.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Zach Curlin made Vanderbilt's field goal and Ray Morrison made its touchdown, following it with the failure to kick goal.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against Vanderbilt was Conklin (left end), Bogle (left tackle), Quinn (left guard), Paterson (center), Garrels (right guard), Pontius (right tackle), Wells (right end), McMillan (quarterback), Craig (left halfback), Carpell (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback). Walter Eckersall was the umpire, and Willie Heston was the head linesman.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
In the fifth week of the 1911 season, Michigan played Syracuse to a 6–6 tie at Ferry Field. The game was the fourth played between the schools, with Michigan having won two and Syracuse having won one.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
Coming off an unconvincing victory over Vanderbilt, Coach Yost announced major changes in Michigan's lineup. He moved Stanfield Wells from end to halfback, Frederick L. Conklin from end to tackle, and Miller Pontius from tackle to end. He also placed newcomer Howard Kayner in the lineup as the starting left guard. Adding to the disruption, quarterback Shorty McMillan was unable to play against Syracuse after dislocating a knee during a practice scrimmage.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
Four other players were injured in the week before the Syracuse game—Jimmy Craig with a turned ankle, Clement Quinn with a wrenched shoulder, Allen Garrels with a sprained hand, and Frank Picard with a strained shoulder. With the injuries and the wholesale shift in the lineup, the Detroit Free Press called the week leading up to the Syracuse game "without doubt the most eventful one in the football history of Michigan."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
Adding to the mix that led to the unexpected setback against Syracuse, Coach Yost did not attend the game, opting instead to watch the Carlisle-Penn game in preparation for the November 18 game against Penn. Assistant coach Curtis Redden was left in charge of the team for the Syracuse game.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
Michigan scored a touchdown in the first quarter against Syracuse on a "line buck" by George C. Thomson, and Thomas A. Bogle, Jr. kicked the extra point. Michigan's 6-0 lead held into the fourth quarter. According to a newspaper account of the game, "Time and again for three periods Michigan ripped Syracuse's line almost to pieces and twice had the ball inches from the Syracuse goal."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
In the final quarter, Fogg threw a pass to Probst who caught the ball at the Syracuse 45-yard line and ran more than 50 yards before being tackled by Frank Picard and Stanfield Wells at Michigan's two-yard line. Fogg ran for the touchdown, and Day tied the game with a successful extra  point kick. In his account of the game, E. A. Batchelor wrote that the Wolverinews played "miserably" and credited fullback Thomson with saving Michigan from defeat with his "splendid" running and kicking.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Syracuse
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against Syracuse (starters listed first) was Garrels and M. Smith (left end), Conklin (left tackle), Kayner (left guard), Paterson (center), Quinn (right guard), Bogle (right tackle), Pontius and Allmendinger (right end), Craig and Picard (quarterback), Torbet (left halfback), Wells and Carpell (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback). John Macklin of Michigan Agricultural College served as the head linesman.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Cornell
In the sixth week of the 1911, Michigan suffered its only defeat, losing by a 6–0 score against Cornell at Ithaca, New York. The game was the ninth meeting between Michigan and Cornell and the first since the 1894 season.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Cornell
In the days leading up to the Cornell game, the team was stricken with more injuries to key players. Jimmy Craig, Shorty McMillan, and Miller Pontius were all unable to play. With both quarterbacks injured, Yost was forced to play Frank Picard at the position. E. A. Batchelor wrote that it was a "crippled" Michigan team that traveled to Ithaca. In the days leading up to the game, the Detroit Free Press noted that the usually communicative Yost was quiet with an "air of mystery" surrounding his latest maneuvers.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Cornell
Michigan held Cornell to one first down in the game, but Cornell scored a touchdown in the third quarter after its captain, Munk, blocked a punt by George Thomson from behind Michigan's goal line. Fritz recovered the ball in the end zone for Cornell, and Butler kicked the extra point.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Cornell
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against Cornell was Conklin (left end), Quinn (left tackle), Kayner (left guard), Paterson (center), Garrels (right guard), Bogle (right tackle), Pontius and Torbet (right end), Picard (quarterback), Carpell (left halfback), Wells (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback).


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
In the final home game of the 1911 season, Michigan defeated Penn, 11–9, in an icy blizzard before a crowd of 17,000 persons at Ferry Field. Since leaving the Big Ten Conference, Michigan had played annual rivalry games against Penn at or near the end of the season. Penn was one of the dominant football programs of the era, winning seven national championships between 1894 and 1912. The 1911 game was the seventh meeting between the schools. Penn had won the first four games, but Michigan won in 1909 and tied in 1910.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Fullback George C. Thomson did not play against Penn due to the death of his brother. Miller Pontius also missed the game due to a torn muscle. However, Shorty McMillan returned to the lineup at quarterback, and Jimmy Craig returned at halfback. The 1912 Michiganensian described the mood on campus leading up to the game:


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
"Over Ferry Field hung a cloud of gloom, about the campus lurked a suspicion of inevitable defeat, enthusiasm was missing, but everywhere was a tense grim feeling of fight, of determination, and of never give up spirit. Despite the seemingly hopeless odds, the old Michigan spirit was there, was in every practice under the electric lights, in every sharp cry of the quarterback, in every weary run to the gym, and was a factor more potent than ever before."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
The New York Times credited the win to the "craftiness of Coach Yost and the speed of 'Jimmy' Craig." Stanfield Wells scored a touchdown in the second quarter, and Frederick L. Conklin missed the extra point. Penn took the lead in the third quarter on a 50-yard touchdown run by Captain Mercer and an extra point by Minds. In the fourth quarter, Penn extended its lead to 9–5 on a drop-kicked field goal by Marshall from the 25-yard line.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Michigan scored the winning touchdown in the fourth quarter on a double pass to Craig who ran 23 yards for the score. Conklin kicked the extra point, and Michigan led, 11–9. The New York Times described the play that resulted in the winning touchdown as a "trick play" in which the Michigan blockers started to the right with Penn's defense following. The ball was the tossed to Craig far to the left side of the field. The Times called Craig Michigan's "offensive and defensive hero" in a "clean, snappy, spectacular, thrilling" game.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
Walter Eckersall was the field judge and covered the game for the Chicago Daily Tribune. He also called Craig the hero of the game and wrote that Michigan gave "a remarkable exhibition," played "hard and aggressive football" and "executed cleverly and faultlessly" an intricate formation. He called it "a decided triumph for western football" and "a great game, the sort that makes football history."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Penn
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's lineup against Penn (starters listed first) was Conklin (left end), Quinn (left tackle), Kayner (left guard), Paterson (center), Garrels (right guard), Bogle (right tackle), Torbet and Carpell (right end), McMillan (quarterback), Craig (left halfback), Wells and Huebel (right halfback), and Meek (fullback). Walter Eckersall was the field judge.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Nebraska
Michigan concluded its 1911 season with a 6–6 tie against Nebraska. The game was the second meeting between the two programs. Michigan won the first game, 31-0, in 1905. Nebraska won the Missouri Valley Conference championship the week before the Michigan game, and it came into the game with a 5-1-1 record, having outscored opponents 275 to 27.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Nebraska
The week before the Nebraska game saw continuing changes in Michigan's lineup. Although George C. Thomson returned to the lineup after attending his brother's funeral, Stanfield Wells and Miller Pontius were unable to play in the Nebraska game. Yost was forced to start a backup, Herschel Smith, at the right halfback position. Five days before the Nebraska game, the Detroit Free Press quipped that Michigan could claim the world championship of injuries, having had more injuries in 1911 than ever before in the program's history.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Nebraska
After a scoreless first half, each team scored a touchdown in the third quarter. Frederick L. Conklin blocked a Nebraska punt, recovered the ball, and ran 30 yards for a touchdown. The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote: "Conklin broke through, blocked it, turned like lightning and sped without interference across the goal line for Michigan's first touchdown." Conklin also converted the extra point kick after his touchdown. Nebraska responded on the next drive with two long end runs that took the ball to Michigan's eight-yard line. From there, Nebraska halfback Purdy ran for the touchdown.


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Nebraska
The New York Times called the game "the hardest contest ever witnessed on Nebraska Field." The 1912 Michiganensian opined that a mistake had been made in scheduling another game after the annual rivalry match with Penn: "Then came the anti-climax, the Nebraska game. Frankly this game, the scheduling of it, the playing of it, was a mistake from the first. Every football season has but one legitimate finish, the big game. The team is practiced for it, the men are trained for it. To have another contest follow, inevitably means a slump, not only in form, but in condition."


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Nebraska
Michigan's lineup against Nebraska was Conklin (left end), Quinn (left tackle), Kayner (left guard), Paterson (center), Garrels and Allmendinger (right guard), Bogle (right tackle), Herrington and Carpell (right end), McMillan (quarterback), Craig (left halfback), Herschel Smith (right halfback), and Thomson (fullback).


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
The 1912 Michiganensian summarized the 1911 football season as follows:


1911 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
"It was rather a checkered season, the football year of 1911, marred by defeat, spoiled by tie games, dismal in spots, brilliant in others, and darkened by an unceasing list of injuries and misfortunes. . . . It is a hard season to compute as to its success, and yet a thorough summing up must show it as a success, a fight against odds, and a glorious culmination."