1915 College Football All-America Team
The 1915 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1915 college football season. The only selectors for the 1915 season who have been recognized as "official" by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) are Walter Camp, whose selections were published in Collier's Weekly, and the International News Service (INS), a newswire founded by William Randolph Hearst.


1915 College Football All-America Team
Although not recognized by the NCAA, many other sports writers, newspapers, and coaches selected All-America teams in 1915. They include Parke H. Davis, Walter Eckersall, and Fielding H. Yost.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1915 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1915. Josh Cody and Baby Taylor were selected third-team All-Americans by Walter Camp, and Bully Van de Graaff was selected for his second-team. Van de Graaff was Alabama's first ever All-American. Buck Mayer of the 8–1 Virginia Cavaliers was the south's first consensus All-American, selected first-team All-American by Frank G. Menke and Parke H. Davis. The "point-a-minute" Vanderbilt Commodores won the SIAA.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Composite eleven
The composite All-Southern team selected by ten sports writers and coaches included:


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Composite overview
Bully Van de Graaff, Baby Taylor, and Rabbit Curry were unanimous selections.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
C = received votes for a composite All-Southern eleven selected by ten sports writers and coaches, including those from Memphis, Nashville, Atlanta, Birmingham, Chattanooga, and New Orleans. Votes for multiple positions are combined.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
TC = Another composite, using eleven sportswriters, published by the Tennessean.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
H = selected by John Heisman, published in Fuzzy Woodruff's A History of Southern Football.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
DJ = selected by Dick Jemison in the Atlanta Constitution.


1915 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
SP = selected by the Sewanee student newspaper, the Sewanee Purple.


1915 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1915 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1915 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Harry W. Hughes, the Aggies compiled a perfect 7–0 record, won the RMC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 244 to 31.


1915 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
Three Colorado Agricultural players received all-conference honors in 1915: guard Frank Wilson, center Charles Shepardson, and end Ralph (Sag) Robinson.


1915 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1915 team remains the only team in school history to compile a perfect season.


1915 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1915 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1915 college football season. Head coach Fred Folsom in his final season led the team to a 1–5 mark in the Rocky Mountain Conference and 1–6 overall, the least successful of his fifteen seasons. Colorado Stadium was renamed Folsom Field in 1944 following his death.


1915 Columbia Lions football team
The 1915 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1915 college football season. Playing their first season in 10 years, the Lions were led by head coach T. Nelson Metcalf to a 5–0 record, outscoring opponents 126 to 28. The team played its home games on South Field, part of the university's campus in Morningside Heights in Upper Manhattan, with temporary grandstands to accommodate spectators.


1915 Columbus Panhandles season
The 1915 Columbus Panhandles season was their tenth season in existence. The team played in the Ohio League and posted an 8-3-1 record.


1915 Connecticut Aggies football team
The 1915 Connecticut Aggies football team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1915 college football season. The Aggies were led by first year head coach John F. Donahue, and completed the season with a record of 1–7.


1915 Copa Ibarguren
The 1915 Copa Ibarguren was the 3rd. edition of this National cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of both leagues, Primera División and Liga Rosarina de Football crowned during 1915.


1915 Copa Ibarguren
Racing (Primera División champion) faced Rosario Central (Liga Rosarina champion) at Independiente Stadium on Mitre Ave and Lacarra (known as La Crucecita) in Avellaneda, on March 26, 1916. After the match ended 0–0 and no goal was scored during the extra time, a playoff was scheduled for April 30 at Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires Stadium.


1915 Copa Ibarguren
In the playoff match, Rosario Central won 3–1 on extra time, achieving its second title in the first division.


1915 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The 1915 Copa de Honor Cousenier was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa de Honor Cousenier, the 10th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Uruguayan Club Nacional de Football and Argentine Racing Club de Avellaneda.


1915 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The match was held in the Estadio Gran Parque Central in Montevideo, on November 14, 1915. Nacional beat Racing 3–2, winning its third Copa Cousenier trophy.


1915 Copa de Honor MCBA Final
The 1915 Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires was the final that decided the champion of the 10th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. In the match, held in Racing Club Stadium in Avellaneda, Racing Club beat Tiro Federal (that played its first final) 2–1, winning its third consecutive Copa de Honor trophy.


1915 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
The 1915 edition was contested by 30 clubs, 22 within Buenos Aires Province, and 8 from Liga Rosarina de Football. Playing in a single-elimination tournament, Racing beat Estudiantes de La Plata (5–0 in Avellaneda), Hispano Argentino (3–0 also in Avellaneda), Quilmes (1–0 after extra time). In the Buenos Aires' semifinal, Racing beat San Isidro 1–0 at Estadio G.E.B.A., qualifying to play the semifinal vs the Rosario representatives that had played another elimination stage. In the national semifinal, Racing defeated Central Córdoba (2–0 at GER).


1915 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
On the other hand, Tiro Federal beat Newell's Old Boys (3–1 at Parque Independencia), Club Gimnasia y Esgrima (R) (3–3 and 3–2, both as visitor) qualifying for the semifinal vs the winner of Buenos Aires zone. In the national semifinal, Tiro Federal beat Boca Juniors (4–0, at GER).


1915 Copa de Honor MCBA Final, Overview
The final was held in Racing Stadium, on October 10, 1915. Racing beat Tiro Federal 2–1, with goals by Alberto Ohaco and Alberto Marcovecchio, winning its third consecutive Copa de Honor trophy.


1915 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey 1915 was the 15th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1915 Copa del Rey
The competition started on 15 April 1915 and concluded on 2 May 1915, with the final, held at the Estadio de Amute in Irun, in which Athletic Bilbao lifted the trophy for the sixth time ever with a 2–1 victory over RCD Español.


1915 Copa del Rey Final
The 1915 Copa del Rey Final was the 15th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at Estadio de Amute in Irun on May 2, 1915. The match was won by Athletic Bilbao, who beat RCD Español 5–0.


1915 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1915 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.


1915 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Shamrocks won the championship following a 7-2 to 3-3 defeat of Castletownroche in the final.


1915 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1915 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 29th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1915 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 8 August 1915, Nils won the championship following a 2-03 to 0-01 defeat of Fermoy in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1901.


1915 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1915 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 28th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1915 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 8 August 1915, Redmonds won the championship following a 4-01 to 0-01 defeat of Collegains in the final. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title in 14 championship seasons.


1915 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1915 Cornell Big Red football team represented Cornell University in the 1915 college football season. The team won all nine games and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and National Championship Foundation, and as a co-national champion (with Pittsburgh) by Parke H. Davis. Cornell outscored their opponents 287 to 50.


1915 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1915 team was known as The Big Red Machine, defeating every opponent by more than a touchdown. Standout players included Hall of Famers Charley Barrett (team captain) and Murray Shelton. Barrett is often cited as the best quarterback of this decade.


1915 Costa Rican parliamentary election
Mid -term parliamentary elections were held in Costa Rica on 5 December 1915. The result was a victory for the Republican Party, which received almost two-thirds of the vote. Voter turnout was 50.2%.


1915 Creighton Blue and White football team
The 1915 Creighton Bluejays football team was an American football team that represented Creighton University as an independent during the 1915 college football season. The Bluejays compiled a 3–3–1 record and outscored their opponents 138 to 72.


1915 DEI Championship
The 1915 DEI Championship season (known as the Koloniale-Tentoonstellings-Beker for organisation reasons) was the inaugural season of the Dutch East Indies DEI Championship football competition since its establishment in 1914.


1915 DEI Championship
It was contested by 4 teams, and Batavia won the championship.


1915 Dallas Hilltoppers football team
The 1915 Dallas Hilltoppers football team represented the University of Dallas during the 1915 college football season. Led by Charles Crowley in his third season as head coach, the team posted a 6–1 record and claims a Southwestern championship. The team's captain was Cecil Grigg.


1915 Dalley by-election
A by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Dalley was triggered by the death, on 2 April 1915, of Labor MP Robert Howe. However, by the close of nominations on 6 May only one candidate, Labor's William Mahony, had nominated, and he was thus declared elected unopposed.


1915 Danish Folketing election
The Danish Folketing election of 1915 was held on 6 May 1915. As Needed to change the Constitution, the government called for the dissolution of both the Folketing and the Landsting in order for the new Rigsdag to be able to introduce the new constitution. However, as this was during World War I, no campaigning took place, and the election was settled without voting in 105 of 115 constituencies. Therefore, it is impossible to give numbers for the actual support the respective parties received from the voters.


1915 Dartmouth football team
The 1915 Dartmouth football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1915 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Frank Cavanaugh, the team compiled a 7–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 194 to 40. John B. McAuliffe was the team captain.


1915 Dayton Gym-Cadets season
The 1915 Dayton Gym-Cadets season was their third season in the Ohio League. The team changed its name this season from the St. Mary's Cadets to the Dayton Gym-Cadets, after their presumed sponsors, the Dayton Gymnastic Club. The team posted a 7–1–1 record.


1915 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1915 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented Delaware College (later renamed the University of Delaware) as an independent during the 1915 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach William McAvoy, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 183 to 139. Victor H. Handy was the team captain. The team played its home games at Frazer Field in Newark, Delaware.


1915 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1915 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1915 college football season. In its first season under head coach John Fike, the team compiled a 4–3 record (2–3 against RMC opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 103 to 83.


1915 Detroit Heralds season
The 1915 Detroit Heralds season was the 11th season for the Detroit Heralds, an independent American football team. Led by coach Bill Marshall, the team compiled a 7–1–1 record.


1915 Detroit Heralds season
Blake Miller and Neno DaPrato, college stars at Michigan Agricultural College (MAC), joined the Heralds after MAC's season concluded in mid-November.


1915 Detroit Tigers football team
The 1915 Detroit Tigers football team  was an American football team that represented the University of Detroit in the 1915 college football season. In its first season under head coach Harry Costello, the team compiled a 1–5 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 207 to 18.


1915 Detroit Tigers football team
In its schedule for the 1915 University of Detroit football team, College Football Data Warehouse erroneously included an undated game against Hutchinson Central High School from Buffalo, New York. However, the Detroit Free Press for October 17, 1915, at page 23, shows that the game against Hutchinson was played on October 16 at Elmwood Field by the "Detroit University School", a high school team in Detroit, not by the University of Detroit. In fact, the University of Detroit team played a game against Olivet College at Mack Park on the same afternoon.


1915 Detroit Tigers season
The 1915 Detroit Tigers won a then club-record 100 games and narrowly lost the American League pennant to the Boston Red Sox, who won 101 games. Though four other Tigers teams have won 100 games (1934, 1961, 1968, and 1984), only the 1934 Tigers had a better winning percentage. The 1915 Detroit Tigers team is remembered for its all-star outfield of Ty Cobb, Sam Crawford, and Bobby Veach—who finished #1, #2, and #3 in the American League in both runs batted in and total bases. Baseball historian Bill James ranks the Tigers' 1915 outfield as the best in major league history.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season
The 1915 Tigers' winning percentage of .649 ranks as the 2nd best in team history, as follows:


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Catcher: Oscar Stanage
Catcher Oscar Stanage was a weak hitter but one of the best defensive catchers of the deadball era. In thirteen seasons with the Tigers, Stanage caught 1,074 games – second only to Bill Freehan in team history. Known for his strong throwing arm, Stanage threw out more baserunners than any other catcher in the 1910s. Stanage still holds the American League record for most assists by a catcher, with 212 in 1911, and his career average of 1.29 assists per game is the fifth best in major league history. Stanage was not as skilled with the glove; his 41 errors in 1911 was the most by a catcher for the 20th Century.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Infield: Burns, Young, Bush and Vitt
First baseman "Tioga George" Burns played for the Tigers from 1914 to 1917. In 1915, Burns hit only .243 with 18 doubles. Burns went on to become a star after leaving the Tigers. In 1926, he was named the American League's MVP with a .358 batting average and an all-time MLB record 64 doubles.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Infield: Burns, Young, Bush and Vitt
Second baseman Ralph Young played for the Tigers from 1915 to 1921. In 1915, Young had a .243 batting average, but a much more respectable .339 on-base percentage. At 5'5", Young was one of the shortest players ever to play in a Tigers uniform. His small stature, and correspondingly small strike zone, assisted him in both collecting walks and avoiding strikeouts. In nine seasons, Young collected 495 bases on balls and struck out only 254 times (in 3,643 at bats). Young led all American League second basemen with 32 errors in 1915.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Infield: Burns, Young, Bush and Vitt
Shortstop Donie Bush was Detroit's starting shortstop for thirteen seasons from 1909 to 1921. In 1914, Bush had 425 putouts (still the major league record for shortstops) and 969 chances (still the American League record). He led the American League in assists by a shortstop in 1915 with 504. In 1915, he also collected 118 walks. During the decade from 1910 to 1919, no one had more bases on balls than Bush. Bush also ranked among the league leaders in stolen bases nine times, including 1915 when he stole 35 bases. With his ability to get on base, and having Cobb and Crawford batting behind him, Bush was also among the league leaders in runs scored ten times, including his 1915 total of 99 runs.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Infield: Burns, Young, Bush and Vitt
Third baseman Ossie Vitt played seven seasons with the Tigers and was a poor hitter but a good fielder. In 1915, he hit .250 with 48 RBIs. He led all American League third basemen in 1915 and 1916 in putouts, assists and fielding percentage. His 208 assists in 1916 has not been exceeded by a Detroit third baseman since that time. While not a good hitter for average, Vitt was a good contact hitter and one of the best bunters of the era.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Infield: Burns, Young, Bush and Vitt
He led the American League with 42 sacrifice hits in 1915, and his career total of 259 sacrifice hits (in a relatively short career) ranks 32nd best in major league history. Vitt was also one of the toughest players to strike out in MLB history. For his career, he struck out an average of once every 26.6 at bats, 35th best in MLB history.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Outfield: Veach, Cobb, and Crawford
The Tigers' 1915 outfield, with Bobby Veach in left, Ty Cobb in center, and Sam Crawford in right, has been ranked by baseball historian Bill James as the greatest outfield of all time. Though the league batting average in 1915 was .248, Cobb hit .369 with 99 RBIs and 144 runs scored, Crawford hit .313 and drove in 112 runs, and Veach hit .299 with 112 RBIs. The three Detroit outfielders ranked #1, #2, and #3 in total bases and RBIs.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Outfield: Veach, Cobb, and Crawford
Cobb also set a major league record with 96 stolen bases in 1915, a record which would not be broken for nearly 50 years until Maury Wills stole 104 bases in 1962.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Pitching: Coveleski, Dauss, Dubuc and Boland
Pitcher Hooks Dauss played his entire fifteen-year career with the Tigers and is the team's all-time wins leader. In 1915, Dauss won 24 games (2nd most in the American League) and lost 13, while ending up with a 2.50 ERA in 309⅔ innings. Dauss was also an excellent fielding pitcher. His career range factor of 2.28 is 65 points higher than the average pitcher of his era. He had 1128 assists in his career, including an American League leading 137 in 1915. His career fielding percentage of .968 was also 20 points higher than the average pitcher of his era.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Pitching: Coveleski, Dauss, Dubuc and Boland
Pitcher Harry Coveleski joined the Tigers in 1914. He was a 20-game winner in his first three seasons in Detroit (1914–1916). In 1915, he had a record of 22–13 with an ERA of 2.45, and followed in 1916 with a 1.97 ERA. In four of his five seasons with the Tigers, Coveleski's ERA was under three, and his 2.34 ERA with the Tigers is still the franchise's all-time career record.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Pitching: Coveleski, Dauss, Dubuc and Boland
Pitcher Jean Dubuc was a pitching phenom at Notre Dame before entering professional baseball. In 1915, he went 17–12 for the Tigers with a 3.21 ERA. He is most remembered for his role in the 1918 Chicago Black Sox scandal. Pitcher Rube Benton testified that he had seen a telegram addressed to Dubuc, from Sleepy Bill Burns advising Dubuc: "Bet on the Cincinnati team today." After being linked to the scandal, Dubuc went to Canada and continued to play minor league ball. Dubuc is also credited with having signed Hank Greenberg while serving as a major league scout for the Tigers.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Pitching: Coveleski, Dauss, Dubuc and Boland
Bernie Boland was an early relief specialist who made his major league debut in 1915. Boland was 13–7 with a 3.11 ERA in his rookie season and came within one batter of throwing a perfect game. On August 16, 1915, Boland retired the first 26 Cleveland Indians batters he faced, only to give up a hit to Ben Paschal. Ironically, Paschal's hit off Boland was his only hit of the 1915 season. Boland and the Tigers went on to win the game 3–1.


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The Players, Pitching: Coveleski, Dauss, Dubuc and Boland
In 1926, Boland returned to the news for comments he made concerning a game-fixing scandal involving Ty Cobb. Boland, then a paving contractor in Detroit, was the Tigers pitcher in a 1919 game against Cleveland that Cobb had reportedly agreed to fix. Boland told the Detroit News in 1926 that he figured "about one in every 300 games is crooked," and he was glad that "some of them are getting justice at last."


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1915 Detroit Tigers season, Awards and honors, Players Ranking Among Top 100 of All Time At Position
The following members of the 1915 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 players of all time at their position, as ranked in The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:


1915 Dublin College Green by-election
The Dublin College Green by-election of 1915 was held on 11 June 1915. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Joseph Nannetti. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate John Dillon Nugent.


1915 Dublin College Green by-election
Nannetti had represented an older school of trade unionism, based on skilled workmen and emphasising shared interest between workmen and employer, which was challenged by the rise of Larkinism mass unionism. With the appearance of an independent Labour candidate in the subsequent by-election it was seen as significant in the drift of labour workers away from the Irish Party.


1915 Dublin Harbour by-election
The Dublin Harbour by-election of 1915 was held on 1 October 1915. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary Party MP, William Abraham. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Alfie Byrne.


1915 Dunedin Central by-election
The Dunedin Central by-election of 1915 was a by-election during the 19th New Zealand Parliament held on 3 February in the Dunedin Central electorate. The by-election was sparked by the resignation of the incumbent, Charles Statham, after irregularities in the counting of the vote during the 1914 general election turned a 10-vote lead for his competitor Jim Munro into a 12-vote loss. There were only two nominees.


1915 Dunedin Central by-election, Background
On election night 1914 Jim Munro had a provisional lead of one vote in Dunedin Central. Due to the closeness of the polling there were several re-counts of the ballots which took many days. To general surprise the final magisterial re-count resulted in the seat being awarded to Charles Statham by a 12 vote margin. It was soon revealed however that this was due to a "careless" polling clerk scribbling notes and numbers on ballot papers (rather than counterfoil). All affected ballot papers just happened to be votes for Munro and were thus declared void. If included the 22 disqualified votes would have resulted in a 10 vote final victory for Munro.


1915 Dunedin Central by-election, Background
Under the circumstances Statham felt honour bound to resign the seat, though he was in no way obligated to do so. He did and thereby triggered a by-election. The Reform government had a bare minimum majority and therefore much was at stake. As a result the Liberal Party did not contest the election and its leader Sir Joseph Ward actively toured the electorate to encourage the electors to vote for Munro. In the event of a Labour victory it was conceivable for Ward to form a minority government with Labour support.


1915 Dunedin Central by-election, Results, Results by locality
Following table showcases the detailed results by locality by ballot location:


1915 Dunedin Central by-election, Aftermath
As a result of Statham's victory, the government retained its scant 41:39 majority, allowing them to continue in office. At the next general election in 1919 Statham once again defeated Munro. Statham was to remain MP for Dunedin Central until he retired at the 1935 general election. Munro won election to Parliament at another by-election in 1922 for the neighboring seat of Dunedin North.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season
The 1915 Eastern Suburbs DRLFC season was the 8th in the club's history. They competed in the NSWRFL's 1915 Premiership, finishing the season 5th (out of 8).


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Eastern Suburbs 25 defeated Annandale 3 at the Agricultural Ground.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Eastern Suburbs 23 defeated North Sydney 6( E Taplin, S McFarlane Tries) at North Sydney Oval.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Balmain 14 defeated Eastern Suburbs 7 at Sydney Cricket Ground.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Newtown 5 defeated Eastern Suburbs 3 at the Sydney Cricket Ground.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Eastern Suburbs 6 defeated Western Suburbs 3 at St Luke's Park.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
South Sydney 10(Rex Norman, Thompson Tries; H Horder 2 Goals), defeated Eastern Suburbs 7 at the Agricultural Ground.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Eastern Suburbs Eastern Suburbs 35 defeated North Sydney 4(R. Farnell, H. Stewart Goals) at Hampden.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Balmain 14 defeated Eastern Suburbs Eastern Suburbs 7 at the Agricultural Ground.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Newtown 9( 3 Tries)  defeated Eastern Suburbs Eastern Suburbs 8(2 Tries; 1 Goal)  at Wentworth Park.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
Eastern Suburbs 12 (2 Tries; 3 Goals) defeated Western Suburbs 5(1 Try; 1 Goal) at Hampden.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
South Sydney 5( Groves Try; H. Horder Goal) defeated Eastern Suburbs 3 at Agricultural Ground.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, City Cup
Superior strategy, greater physical fitness and all round excellence in the dribbling game were factors which enabled Eastern Suburbs to defeat Glebe, scoring  22 points to 3, at the Agricultural Ground on Saturday in the presence of 5,000 spectators, and win the City Cup for the second year in succession.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, City Cup
At one point in the early stages of the game Glebe were hard pressed, and an opportune penalty on the wing led to Messenger goaling for Eastern Suburbs. intelligent anticipation by Cubitt led to a further score a few seconds later. P. White from loose play dribbled clear of opponents, and then gathering cleverly, shot out what appeared to be a reckless pass. However, Cubitt by a great effort, caught the ball and was over in a twinkling. Messengers kick was unsuccessful. Later on Watkins had  to retire (replaced by H. Barker), and Messenger was temporarily crippled.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, City Cup
However, these mishaps only stimulated Eastern Suburbs. A moment or two later a knock on by Hickey placed Tidyman in position, and the latter running strongly, brought Cubitt into  position, and the latter scorcd Next Barker, who bael returned, showed a surprising turn of speed, and scorced near the corner. Miessenger landed a great goal. Before half time F. Burge obtained possession and passed to Henry Bolewski, who scored a few yards from the corner A Bolewski’s kick fell short. At the interval Eastern Suburbs led by 10 points to 3.


1915 Eastern Suburbs season, City Cup
On resuming Jonas scored a somewhat lucky try. Next Cubitt scored behind the posts, and Messenger easily converted. Before the close Eastern Suburbs further Increased their score through McGowen, who snipped two very neat field goals, and at the close led by 22 points to 3


1915 Edmonton municipal election
The 1915 municipal election was held December 13, 1915 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on each of the public and separate school boards.


1915 Edmonton municipal election
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Hugh Calder, R N Frith, Joseph Henri Picard, James Ramsey, and Samuel Williamson were all elected to two-year terms in 1914 and were still in office.


1915 Edmonton municipal election
There were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled: Charles Gibbs, J J McKenzie, and William Rea had been elected to two-year terms in 1914. The same was true of the separate board, where A H Esch, Joseph Gariépy, and M J O'Farrell were continuing.


1915 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 7235 ballots cast out of 17990 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 40.2%.


1915 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Mayor
William Thomas Henry was acclaimed for a second term as mayor.


1915 FA Cup Final
The 1915 FA Cup Final took place on 24 April 1915 and was contested by Sheffield United and Chelsea. It was the last FA Cup final to be staged before competitive football was suspended in Britain because of the First World War. The match was moved from its pre-war location of Crystal Palace in south London to Old Trafford in Manchester to avoid disruption to travel in and around London.


1915 FA Cup Final
The match is one of the few FA Cup Finals that has acquired a name; the Khaki Cup Final, owing to the large number of uniformed soldiers in attendance. However, the attendance of about 50,000 was lower than previous years as a result of wartime travel restriction and the mobilisation of large numbers of young men into the armed forces.


1915 FA Cup Final, Road to the Final
Chelsea had the easiest start in the FA Cup competition, their first round match was with Swindon Town, a Southern Football League team, but they made heavy work of it requiring a replay to defeat them and conceding 3 goals during the two matches. Their Cup performance improved considerably, and after defeating Arsenal (then a Second Division side) in the second round, they defeated several First Division sides who finished above them in the league table, including Everton who later went on to win the league that season.


1915 FA Cup Final, Road to the Final
Sheffield United defeated Blackpool, a second division side, in the first round and then made steady progress until round 4 where they met Oldham Athletic, who finished above them in the First Division that season, and they required a replay to finally defeat them. Sheffield United met Bolton Wanderers in the semi-final and Utley, the Blades' Captain, scored a rare goal.


1915 FA Cup Final, Pre-match build-up
The favourites to win the match were Sheffield United. They had combined a successful FA Cup run with a strong league campaign where they finished 6th overall but only three points behind the League winners. Their defence was one of the best in the league but they had not managed to score many goals.


1915 FA Cup Final, Pre-match build-up
Chelsea were statistically the weaker side, whilst they had scored more goals than Sheffield United in the league, their defence was poor and they had conceded many more and lay in the relegation zone. They had however beaten several strong clubs away from home during the FA Cup competition and the programme noted that the underdogs had won on six occasions in the previous ten years.


1915 FA Cup Final, Pre-match build-up
Chelsea also had injury problems: Bob Thomson, their leading goal scorer that season, had been injured in a league game at Bolton Wanderers ten days earlier and was doubtful. Vivian Woodward an amateur and England international who played for Chelsea in peacetime but was currently serving in the British Army, had been given leave to play in the final. However Woodward sportingly insisted that as Thomson had helped the club reach the final, he ought to play in it. There was bad news when Thomson suffered an eye injury, but he played.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match programme
The official match programme was produced by Manchester United and is available on-line . A special version was printed on silk for presentation to the players and officials.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match programme
The programme showed that both teams played a 2–3–5 formation and the Chelsea teamsheet listed Vivian Woodward and Laurence Abrams in addition to those who played in the match. Neither played in the match.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
As the score line suggests, the match was very much a one-sided affair. Chelsea adopted a gentlemanly "Drawing Room" style of play with attacks made up of zig-zag passes. These were broken up by an alert and cooperative Sheffield United defence. The Sheffield United forwards, with their superior tactics, pace and fitness, had the run of the Chelsea half and only the excellent performance of Molyneux, in goal for Chelsea, saved them from further embarrassment. Contemporary reportssingled out Brelsford, Simmons and Utley of Sheffield United for their quality of their performances during the match and Logan, who made some unsuccessful attacks for Chelsea during the second half.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
The first goal was scored by Simmons just before half-time. A ball in from the left hand side crossed over the Chelsea backs and Simmons, racing in from the right half, half-volleyed it into the top of the net. Some sources suggest that Molyneux should have stopped this goal but others state that he was let down by his defence in all three goals. Chelsea had their best chances just before half-time when they had two shots saved by Gough in the Blades' goal.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
At some point Chelsea woes were added to when Harry Ford on the right wing was injured.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
Play was muted at the start of the second half as a thick fog descended over the pitch, preventing spectators from seeing any action on the opposite side of the pitch, though The Times commented that they were not missing much. The final two goals were scored in the last ten minutes. A shot from Wally Masterman rebounded from the bar but Fazackerly headed it past the Chelsea keeper for United's second. Directly after this goal Joe Kitchen picked the ball up just inside the Chelsea half and passed two defenders. Molyneaux emerged from the Chelsea goal but Kitchen dodged him and placed the ball in the open net. At this point, before the final whistle, large numbers of the spectators began to leave.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
The crowd included many men in uniform but a much larger contingent who, the Manchester Guardian commented, should have been in uniform. A number of wounded soldiers, one missing an arm, watched the match from lower stand.


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
The cup was awarded by the Earl of Derby whose speech, largely drowned out by a noisy crowd of young supporters, noted that all present needed to join together and play "a sterner game for England".


1915 FA Cup Final, Match summary
The Irwell Old Prize band provided the half time entertainment, playing a selection of tunes from around the British Isles. A collection was made during the match on behalf of the British Red Cross.


1915 FA Cup Final, Aftermath
In July 1915, the Football League put all players on amateur status and clubs were only allowed to pay expenses. Attendances at matches collapsed and as fuel for transport became scarce the national league was abandoned and football teams played in regional leagues with whatever players they could find. Chelsea often played with players from other sides who passed through London whilst on active service, including Stanley Fazackerley.


1915 FA Cup Final, Aftermath
Sheffield United held the FA Cup until it was contested again in 1920. They reached the final and won the cup again in 1925.


1915 FA Cup Final, Aftermath
Chelsea did not reach the final again until 1967 and finally won it in 1970 at Old Trafford in a replay 55 years later.


1915 Far Eastern Championship Games
The 1915 Far Eastern Championship Games was the second edition of the regional multi-sport event, contested between China, Japan and the Philippines, and was held from 15 to 22 May 1915 in Shanghai, Republic of China. A total of nine sports were contested – the inclusion of cycling increased the total from the eight held at the first edition. This marked the first time that the event was held under its Far Eastern Championship Games moniker, followed a change from the naming as the Oriental Olympic Games in 1913.


1915 Far Eastern Championship Games
In the football competition, China was represented by South China AA, a Hong Kong-based team.


1915 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 1915 Fitzgibbon Cup was the fourth staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. University College Dublin hosted the cup on 2 March 1915.


1915 Fitzgibbon Cup
On 2 March 1915, University College Dublin won the Fitzgibbon Cup after beating University College Cork by 6–00 to 3–00 in the final. This was their second cup title overall and their first title since 1912.


1915 Fitzgibbon Cup, Teams
University College Galway did not field a team, meaning that University College Cork and University College Dublin were the only participants. Because of this, the round robin format was abolished and just one game was played to determine the cup winners.


1915 Florida Gators football team
The 1915 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1915 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The season was C. J. McCoy's second as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. McCoy's 1915 Florida Gators completed their tenth varsity football season with an overall record of 4–3 and their sixth year in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) with a conference record of 3–3.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Before the season
Last year, first-year head coach Charles J. McCoy had churned out a Florida team in the top half of the SIAA. McCoy this year was also the school's first basketball coach.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Before the season
The team's captain was tackle A. A. "Daddy" Lotspeich. At the guards were Ham Dowling, future Georgia Tech transfer, and Everett Yon, future Gator athletic director. Leading the backfield was  Rammy Ramsdell,  "the Gators' first quarterback of note," and first scholarship athlete at the University of Florida.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Before the season
Assisting the team was Z. J. Stanley, last year the coach of the Maryville Scots.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Auburn
The season opened with a 7–0 loss to Auburn. Florida played hard for three quarters, until Wren scored the winning touchdown in the final period.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Auburn
The starting lineup was Henderson (left end), Lotspiech (left tackle), Callen (left guard), Farrin (center), Yon (right guard), Goldsby (right tackle), Roble (right end), Ramsdell (quarterback), Thompson (left halfback), Fuller (right halfback), Sparkman (fullback).


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Sewanee
Florida lost to coach Harris Cope's Sewanee Tigers 7–0, continuing the losing streak against the Tigers. The Sewanee game was then the largest crowd to see a game in Jacksonville.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Sewanee
"After scoring one touchdown Sewanee was content to allow Florida to exhaust herself in vain attempts to find the weak spot in the Purple defense." Sewanee's Ellerbe scored the game's only touchdown.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Sewanee
The starting lineup was Henderson (left end), Lotspeich (left tackle), Dowling (left guard), Farrior (center), Yon (right guard), Goldsby (right tackle), Robles (right end), Ramsdell (quarterback), Sparkman (left halfback), Thompson (right halfback), Fuller (fullback).


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Florida Southern
The Gators lengthened their winning streak against Florida Southern with an easy 45–0 victory.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Georgia
The Gators lost their first-ever game against coach Alex Cunningham's Georgia Bulldogs 0–37 in Jacksonville, at a larger crowder than at the Sewanee game. The Gators carried the ball to Georgia's 15-yard line in the first period, but never threatened afterwards. Georgia put across two touchdowns in the second quarter, and had a strong second half.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Georgia
The starting lineup was Henderson (left end), Lotspeich (left tackle), Dowling (left guard), Farrior (center), Robles (right guard), Goldsby (right tackle), Lovell (right end), Ramsdell (quarterback), Sparkman (left halfback), Thompson (right halfback), Fuller (fullback).


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, The Citadel
Florida beat The Citadel 6–0 in a game "marked by frequent fumbling." Florida scored when, in the third quarter, Sparkman rushed for an 8-yard touchdown.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Tulane
In a torrential rain, Florida met Tulane for the first time and upset the Olive and Blue 14–7, the highlight of the season. Rammy Ramsdell scored the game-winning touchdown, "crashing through center" and zig-zagging 60 yards to the endzone.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Tulane
The starting lineup was Henderson (left end), Lotspeich (left tackle), Yon (left guard), Farrior (center), Robles (right guard), Goldsby (right tackle), Wilkinson (right end), Ramsdell (quarterback), Sparkman (left halfback), Thompson (right halfback), Fuller (fullback).


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Mercer
The Gators defeated the Mercer Baptists 34–7. Rammy Ramsdell had a then-school record of four touchdowns.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Mercer
According to one account, Ramsdell in fact scored three touchdowns but set up all five. The first was a Sparkman touchdown set up by a 25-yard end run from Ramsdell, the second was a 5-yard run by Fuller set up by a 40-yard pass from Ramsdell to Henderson.


1915 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Mercer
The starting lineup was Henderson (left end), Lotspeich (left tackle), Robles (left guard), Farrior (center), Yon (right guard), Goldsby (right tackle), Wilkinson (right end), Ramsdell (quarterback), Thomson (left halfback), Sparkman (right halfback), Fuller (fullback).


1915 Football Championship Paranaense
The 1915 Soccer Paranaense Championship (in Portuguese: Campeonato Paranaense de Futebol de 1915) was the first championship edition of the Brazilian state of Paraná and southern Brazil.


1915 Football Championship Paranaense
The winner this year was the International Football Club. It was a club of Curitiba, extinct since 1924.


1915 Fordham Maroon football team
The 1915 Fordham Maroon football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1915 college football season. Fordham claims a 19–6 record. College Football Data Warehouse (CFDW) lists the team's record at 4–4.


1915 Fordham Maroon football team
Harry Vaughan was the coach, and David Dunn was the captain. The team played its home games at Fordham Field in The Bronx.


1915 Fordham Maroon football team, Schedule
The following eight games are reported in Fordham's media guide, CFDW and contemporaneous press coverage.


1915 Fordham Maroon football team, Schedule
The following are additional games reported in the Fordham media guide.


1915 Franklin & Marshall football team
The 1915 Franklin & Marshall football team was an American football team that represented Franklin & Marshall College during the 1915 college football season. The team compiled a 6–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 188 to 43. John M. Reed was the head coach.


1915 Furman Purple Hurricane football team
The 1915 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1915 college football season.


1915 Galveston hurricane
The 1915 Galveston hurricane was a tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage in the Galveston area in August 1915. Widespread damage was also documented throughout its path across the Caribbean Sea and the interior United States. Due to similarities in strength and trajectory, the storm drew comparisons with the deadly 1900 Galveston hurricane. While the newly completed Galveston Seawall mitigated a similar-scale disaster for Galveston, numerous fatalities occurred along unprotected stretches of the Texas coast due to the storm's 16.2 ft (4.9 m) storm surge. Overall, the major hurricane inflicted at least $30 million in damage and killed 403–405 people. A demographic normalization of landfalling storms suggested that an equivalent storm in 2018 would cause $109.8 billion in damage in the United States.


1915 Galveston hurricane
Reanalyses of the Atlantic hurricane database concluded the storm formed near Cabo Verde on August 5, gradually strengthening into a hurricane as it tracked westward. However, it remained undetected by the United States Weather Bureau until it passed over the Lesser Antilles as a hurricane on August 10. The storm inflicted damage to shipping on the islands and flooded docks and streets in Martinique and Dominica. Two days later, the intensifying storm passed north of Jamaica, bringing 80–90 mph (130–140 km/h) winds to the northern coast.


1915 Galveston hurricane
Significant losses were reported to the island's banana, beet, and sugar plantations, while coastal surge washed out roads and destroyed wharves; fifteen people in Jamaica were killed. Most houses and coconut trees were destroyed on Cayman Brac west of Jamaica, and substantial damage occurred across the Cayman Islands. On August 14, the hurricane clipped the western extremity of Cuba, killing fourteen. The storm's winds were estimated at 145 mph (230 km/h)—a Category 4 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale; this was ultimately the hurricane's peak intensity.


1915 Galveston hurricane
Over the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane caused 101 deaths, mostly from the sinking of the steamer Marowjine in the Yucatán Channel. During the early morning hours of August 17, the hurricane made landfall with winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) at San Luis Pass, Texas, approximately 26 mi (42 km) southwest of Galveston. Much of coastal Texas was affected by the storm's rough surf, with a total death toll of 275. Cities along Galveston Bay were inundated by storm surge, destroying entire towns and damaging numerous buildings.


1915 Galveston hurricane
Galveston was largely protected by its seawall, but the strong waves caused extensive beach erosion that undermined 200 outlying homes. Ninety percent of homes outside the protection of the seawall on Galveston Island were destroyed. Most buildings in Houston were impacted, incurring $1 million in damage. The storm brought strong winds and torrential rainfall across East Texas, causing widespread cotton losses and damage to infrastructure—the highest rainfall total from the storm was 19.83 in (504 mm) in San Augustine, Texas.


1915 Galveston hurricane
The hurricane weakened as it tracked farther inland, degenerating into a tropical storm within a day of its landfall in Texas. A northeast curve soon followed, resulting in a track into the Ozarks and Ohio River Valley; the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 20 over the Ozarks and dissipated over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence three days later. Heavy rainfall and significant river flooding occurred along the storm's path during this latter phase of its evolution. Levee breaches in along the White River in Arkansas and the Mississippi River in Illinois flooded entire towns. St. Louis, Missouri recorded its rainiest 24-hour period in history, experiencing a deadly flood of the River Des Peres and Meramec River that impacted much of the city and surrounding suburbs, killing 20 people and destroying over a thousand homes.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Meteorological history
On August 5, 1915, observations from Cabo Verde and the marine vicinity suggested the presence of a nearby tropical depression. On this basis, a 2008 reanalysis of the official hurricane database concluded that the depression formed by 12:00 UTC that day. Tracking west, the system gradually strengthened over the tropical Atlantic, attaining tropical storm intensity on August 6 and eventually reaching hurricane intensity three days later while well east of the Lesser Antilles.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Meteorological history
Despite the storm's power, the United States Weather Bureau was unaware of its existence for at least five days due to the sparsity of data over the open ocean; in a summary of the storm published in the Monthly Weather Review the following month, the Bureau noted that "there was nothing to indicate that conditions were favorable for the formation of a tropical storm, nor [...] was there anything pronounced to indicate its direction of progression ..."


1915 Galveston hurricane, Meteorological history
More conclusive evidence from weather observations in the Windward Islands allowed the Weather Bureau to begin monitoring the hurricane and disseminating warnings on the morning of August 10; at the time, the hurricane was situated roughly between Barbados and Dominica. The storm crossed into the Caribbean Sea the following day, passing south of St. Croix with growing intensity as indicated by rapidly falling pressures throughout the region.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Meteorological history
Between August 12–13, the intensifying hurricane traversed the Caribbean Sea between Haiti and Jamaica with a bearing slightly north of west. Shortly after passing Jamaica, the storm became a major hurricane on the morning of August 13. On August 14, the storm moved near Cuba's Isle of Pines and across the Guanahacabibes Peninsula as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h). This was ultimately the storm's peak intensity as it weakened slightly once over the south-central Gulf of Mexico, though the storm still maintained Category 4 strength.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Meteorological history
At 07:00 UTC on August 17—in the early morning hours—the hurricane made landfall near San Luis Pass, approximately 26 mi (42 km) southwest of Galveston, Texas. Upon moving ashore, the hurricane had winds estimated at 130 mph (215 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 940 mbar (hPa; 27.76 inHg); these values were estimated using a peripheral pressure of 953 mbar (hPa; 28.14 inHg) measured at Velasco, Texas. At the time, the pressure measured at Texas landfall was the lowest ever measured in the United States.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Meteorological history
After moving inland, the storm quickly weakened, passing southwest of Houston, Texas, as a Category 1 hurricane before diminishing to a weak tropical storm within a day of landfall. Concurrently, the storm began to slowly curve towards the north and northeast, moving into northeast Texas on August 18. Two days later, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while tracking northeast across Arkansas and southeastern Missouri; fronts extended outward from the cyclone's center. This trajectory continued before the storm's remnants were last noted in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; HURDAT, the official database of storm paths in the Atlantic, indicates the storm dissipated after 18:00 UTC on August 23.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Preparations
The United States Weather Bureau began issuing notices warning of the storm's presence on August 10, with information first sent to the Caribbean islands, followed by distribution to the Weather Bureau's stations along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States via their Arlington, Virginia, radio station. Initial forecasts predicted that the storm would cross Hispaniola and southeastern Cuba, but these landfalls did not materialize. Later anticipating that the hurricane would cross western Cuba, the Weather Bureau issued a northeast storm warning for Key West and Miami, Florida, on August 13.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Preparations
These warnings were briefly elevated later that day to hurricane warnings and extended northwards along to the Florida coast to Boca Grande. While these warnings were scaled down after the hurricane moved away from the state, falling pressures throughout the U.S. Gulf Coast on August 15 led the Weather Bureau to issue storm and hurricane warnings along the U.S. coast from Brownsville, Texas, to Apalachicola, Florida, eventually narrowing in extent to the Texas coast as landfall drew nearer. The head of the bureau's local office in Galveston, Texas, W. P. Stewart, cited the warnings as the sole reason for the relatively low number of fatalities in unprotected areas of the city.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Preparations
Ships off of Jamaica were brought to their moorings in advance of the storm, including the United Fruit Company steamer Saramacca, whose trek to New York City was cut short by the approaching hurricane. The Havana Harbor was closed on August 13. Some residents in Key West, Florida, evacuated by train to Miami, Florida, ahead of the storm, taking refuge in Miami's hotels and boarding houses. Thousands evacuated Galveston, Texas, for the mainland, crowding train cars to capacity while automobile traffic pervaded the roads.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Preparations
A total of 7,000 evacuees from areas along the Galveston bay stayed in Houston during the storm, including 4,000 from Galveston proper. Interurban routes began operating special service via Galveston early on August 16 to aid evacuations, carrying 175–200 people per arrival; an estimated 2,500 people evacuated via the interurban service to Houston. Rail service between coastal cities and Houston remained in special overnight operation during the evacuation process. The final interurban railcar from Galveston with evacuees on board arrived in Houston at 7:10 p.m. CST on August 16 (00:10 UTC August 17).


1915 Galveston hurricane, Preparations
The 25 convicts held at a prison in Morgan's Point were relocated to the county jail in Houston. Port Aransas residents evacuated by boat to the Texas mainland. Roughly half of the combined population of Port Arthur and Beaumont evacuated, while nearly 200 residents of Port O'Connor—most of the city's population—evacuated via the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway to a hotel in Victoria on August 16. Ships along the coast were held at port to weather the hurricane.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact
The 1915 Galveston hurricane brought gusty winds and heavy rainfall throughout its path from the Lesser Antilles into the Midwestern United States. The storm caused at least $30 million in damage, including $20 million in the United States and $10 million in Jamaica. According to research compiled by the National Hurricane Center in 1997, either 403 or 405 deaths were associated with the hurricane throughout its path.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea
Damage caused by the hurricane east of Hispaniola was generally minor and limited to shipping. Docks were flooded at Fort-de-France in Martinique by the high tides. Telephone lines in the island's interior were downed. Other islands in the Lesser Antilles reported "some damage to small shipping", as summarized by the Monthly Weather Review. At Kingstown in Saint Vincent, two vessels were grounded inland and several lighters damaged or destroyed; debris was littered on the harbor beach. Strong winds buffeted the island of Dominica on August 10, where heavy rains caused rivers to rise and flood streets.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea
Roseau was impacted by a power outage as telephone and electric poles were downed. Damage to buildings in Rouseau was limited to siding and fencing. Crops sustained some losses, particularly limes. Dwellings in some communities were either destroyed or damaged. Telecommunication lines were also downed in Saint Thomas and a schooner was grounded in Saint Kitts. Crops were damaged in the southwestern Haiti, and communications between Port-au-Prince and the United States were cut off.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea
Three-fourths of the 270 houses on Cayman Brac were destroyed, leaving 1,800 people destitute. All homes were destroyed in Stake Bay after the storm surge penetrated 0.5 mi (0.8 km) inland; collapsing walls killed one child there. Nearly all of the island's coconut trees were also destroyed, while half of coconut trees were downed on Little Cayman. All buildings in Little Cayman were destroyed. Several schooners were also driven ashore by the storm, and another bearing oil and gasoline cargo was lost. Ten people were killed after the schooner Curaçao bound for Grand Cayman with lumber sank just offshore. Hundreds of cattle and swine were killed on Grand Cayman. Recently completed government buildings there were displaced from their foundations.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea
Western extents of Cuba were severely affected by the hurricane, with the storm's effects classified as Category 3 hurricane impacts. Fourteen people were killed in the country. All homes in Cape San Antonio collapsed, along with a lighthouse, radio station, and steel tower. The Weather Bureau's meteorological equipment stationed on the cape was entirely destroyed; the weather station had been recently established for monitoring the 1915 hurricane season, and documented the calm of the hurricane's eye. Two schooners were destroyed by the storm without fatalities. Though initial reports indicated several hundred thousands of dollars of damage was wrought to crops on the Isle of Pines, this figure was revised downwards to $50,000, stemming from the manageable loss of one-third of the island's grapefruit crop. Winds in Havana topped out at 56 mph (90 km/h).


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
The hurricane passed north of Jamaica on the night of August 12–13 as an intensifying hurricane, with winds reaching 80–90 mph (130–140 km/h) along the island's northern shores. The storm inflicted an estimated $10 million in damage in Jamaica, destroying banana, beet, and sugar plantations on the northern and northeastern parts of the island nation; however, coconut trees throughout the island largely withstood the hurricane. Fifteen people were killed, primarily by drowning. The damage along the immediate coastline was more severe than the 1903 Jamaica hurricane despite the weaker intensity. Communications were cut in the outlying districts.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
Along the coast, rough surf ahead of the storm sank one boat and damaged several others at Port Royal. The earliest gusts damaged banana plantations in Saint Thomas Parish as the storm's fringes brought strong winds and showers to the eastern end of the island on the evening of August 13; the parish ultimately lost 70 percent of its banana crop. Significant damage was wrought to the parishes of Saint Mary and Portland. Coastal extents of Portland Parish from Manchionel to Port Antonio saw significant damage, leaving many families homeless or otherwise destitute.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
The coastal railway sustained "unprecedented" damage, with all segments of track nearest to the coastline destroyed. The wharf at Manchionel was destroyed and the main coastal road damaged at several points. Thirty families were rendered homeless and four people were killed at Buff Bay. A 200 yd (180 m) stretch of seawall there was destroyed by the wave action. Port Antonio proper sustained relatively minor damage from the storm compared to the 1903 hurricane.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
In Saint Mary Parish, hundreds of homes were destroyed at Port Maria and Annotto Bay. Wharves on the Port Maria seafront were badly damaged, with others washed into the sea. Several ships were destroyed and others severely damaged; one boat was left atop a building on the town's Main Street. A hundred buildings were destroyed. The damage toll for the town was estimated at £20,000, with as high as 99 percent loss of bananas locally; the banana crop was expected not to recover for 8–9 months.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
Between 250–300 people were displaced in Port Maria, requiring temporary shelter at the town hall and courthouse. The main thoroughfare connecting Port Maria and Annotto Bay was damaged, while the primary road connecting Annotto Bay and Port Antonio was washed away. The worst damage in Annotto Bay was along the coast, where several wharves were destroyed; five of the six lighters moored at Annotto Bay were torn apart. Sections of the town were washed away by the hurricane. In low-lying areas, all homes were destroyed, leaving hundreds of people homeless.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
The town's post office was flooded and boats were pushed atop wharves and destroyed. A 600 ft (180 m) stretch of railway nearby was torn by the storm surge. Early reports from The Daily Gleaner indicated 3–4 people in Annotto Bay were missing. In Saint Catherine Parish, banana trees were snapped by the storm's winds and homes were unroofed; an estimated 40–50 percent of banana trees in the parish were lost. Complete loss of bananas was reported in Appleton, Balaclava, and Christiana, with a total loss of all fruit at Cambridge, Jamaica.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Caribbean Sea, Jamaica
To a lesser extent, Saint Ann, Saint James, and Trelawny along Jamaica's northern shores were also impacted by the storm. Many pimento and mature banana crops in Saint Ann's Bay were lost. Wharves and coastal buildings in the town were damaged. On the south side of the island, ackee, breadfruit, mangoes, and other tree crops were blown down in Saint Andrew Parish. The Rio Cobre at Riversdale flooded its banks, inundating nearby roads. The capital city, Kingston, experienced winds of 50 mph (80 km/h), but avoided the storm's worst impacts, resulting in slight damage limited to fallen fences and trees. Gusty winds also reached Montego Bay without considerable consequence. Some railways were partially inundated, including the Kingston to Montego Bay railway between Cambridge and Appleton.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Yucatán Channel and Gulf of Mexico
In the Yucatán Channel the hurricane sank the U.S. steamer Marowijne, bound from British Honduras. Despite sufficient radio capabilities, the ship was lost with the presumed deaths of all 96 passengers and crew. Efforts were made by the United Fruit Company to rescue the missing people, but such efforts were called off on August 25. Found marine wreckage was later associated with the ship, confirming its sinking. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, a schooner sank several miles south of Mobile, Alabama, killing three.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, Yucatán Channel and Gulf of Mexico
Off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, there were two more fatalities when a fishing boat ran aground. Two marines on the battleship USS New Hampshire (BB-25) en route for Veracruz, Mexico, were washed overboard and drowned off the Florida coast. The battleship USS Louisiana (BB-19), traveling in tandem with the New Hampshire, was also caught in the storm, though neither ship was damaged. In all, the hurricane left 101 people dead in the Gulf of Mexico and Yucatán Channel.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States
The 1915 Galveston hurricane made landfall near San Luis Pass, Texas, along the end of West Bay, 26 mi (42 km) southwest of Galveston, at 2 a.m. (07:00 UTC) on August 17. Maximum sustained winds were estimated at 130 mph (210 km/h), making the storm a low-end Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. These maximum winds radially extended 30 mi (48 km) out from the center of the storm. Storm surge heights peaked at 16.2 ft (4.9 m), with wave crests reaching 21 ft (6.4 m).


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States
The hurricane's most significant impacts occurred in Galveston and surrounding areas where 122 people were killed; 69 of these fatalities occurred due to the sinking of three ships. Another 102 persons were listed as missing, though the Monthly Weather Review indicated that "it was probable that many of these were later accounted for".


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States
Widespread flooding occurred throughout the storm's track across the United States, primarily towards the north and northwest of the center of circulation. The rainfall at any one point within the storm's swath lasted 36–72 hours. The largest contributor to the hurricane's damage toll was ship-related: several hundreds of vessels were wrecked offshore East Texas and western Louisiana. According to the Monthly Weather Review for August 1915, the hurricane caused an estimated $50 million in damage, though the Weather Bureau noted this figure was likely an overestimate.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States
In the 1916 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, the Weather Bureau estimated $20 million in damage from the hurricane in the country. In 2018, an analysis of historical U.S. landfalls suggested that a storm striking the same areas as the 1915 hurricane would inflict $109.8 billion in damage when normalizing for 2018 demographics and inflation.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Florida and northern Gulf Coast
Although the hurricane did not make landfall on Florida as initially feared, the outer rainbands of the storm still produced tropical storm force winds and scattered downpours. Gusty winds spread across South Florida, with a 38 mph (61 km/h) wind reported in Key West and a 32 mph (51 km/h) wind reported in Miami. The hurricane's northernmost showers dropped heavy rains over Key West. The strongest gusts reached 52 mph (84 km/h) at Sand Key, located 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Key West.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Florida and northern Gulf Coast
Damaged ships crippled by the hurricane in the eastern Gulf of Mexico were brought to Key West. The storm's fringes also impacted the northern U.S. Gulf Coast. Winds reached 40 mph (64 km/h) in Mobile, Alabama. A Mallory ocean liner was grounded on a sand bar offshore due to the winds. A thunderstorm in Waveland, Mississippi, killed one person and washed out 1,500 yd (1,400 m) of road along the beach.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Florida and northern Gulf Coast
Winds topped out at 50 mph (80 km/h) along the coast of Louisiana. A squall associated with the hurricane capsized a yacht with eight others on board in Lake Pontchartrain, drowning one person. Grand Isle was flooded under 6 ft (1.8 m) of water. All wharves and boathouses in Grand Lake were destroyed by the storm surge. The storm's waves also left 200 people stranded on Marsh Island. The southern half of Cameron Parish was inundated in saltwater, killing 70–90 percent of cattle and damaging many homes.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Florida and northern Gulf Coast
Heavy rainfall in the state's western parishes flooded some of the area's smaller streams. Compromised telephone wires due to strong winds in the Shreveport area put 400 telephones out of service. Damage from the hurricane in Louisiana amounted to no greater than $1 million and was largely limited to rice and livestock amid the coastal marshes.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
According to the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, the 1915 Galveston hurricane produced Category 4 hurricane impacts along the northern Texas coast (from Matagorda Bay to the state border with Louisiana), with Category 1 hurricane impacts along the central Texas coast (from Corpus Christi to Matagorda Bay). A total of 275 deaths were recorded in Texas, including 206 on land and 69 at sea.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The 1915 hurricane was the first major hurricane in the Galveston area since the construction of the Galveston Seawall following the 1900 Galveston hurricane, providing the first substantial test of the artificial barrier. Initial reports in The Houston Post drew comparisons between the strengths and paths of the 1915 hurricane and the 1900 hurricane. The Associated Press reported that storm refugees initially believed "Galveston's property loss [would] be greater than it was in 1900". Galveston mayor Lewis Fisher also tentatively estimated that the total property damage from the 1915 hurricane would be costlier.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Although the 1915 hurricane lasted longer than the 1900 hurricane and was of comparable intensity, the seawall and timely warnings prevented a disaster of a similar scale. In their last received report before landfall, the Galveston News asserted that "the sea wall built to protect the city has stood the test". Located at the core of the hurricane's impacts, Galveston incurred roughly $6 million in damage and reported 11 fatalities.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Swells from the hurricane began reaching Galveston on the morning of August 15, rising steadily before rising and roughening significantly after the evening of August 17. Rail service in southeastern Texas was disrupted as the storm made landfall; a train from the Southern Pacific Transportation Company bound for Galveston was stopped in Seabrook and overnight sleeping cars destined for Houston from Galveston did not complete their treks. The last interurban railcar evacuating people in Galveston was stranded in Virginia Point after a power line was cut by the storm.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
During the hurricane's passage, many Galveston residents took refuge in public buildings, including an estimated 5,000 people at the Union Depot. Streetcar, electric, and gas service were all suspended as the storm made landfall. Three fires during the storm exacerbated the damage, partially burning three buildings and causing more than $100,000 in losses. Galveston officials heavily censored initial reporting from local media in order to curtail the spread of false rumors, rejecting most telegraph queries for information.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Telecommunications from the Galveston News were cut after 8:20 p.m. CST on August 16 (01:20 UTC August 17), with the last surviving communications wires downed in the city by 9:00 p.m. CST on August 16 (02:00 UTC August 17). The first reports from Galveston after the storm emerged on August 19.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Telegram prepared by Galveston citizens published in The Houston Post, August 19, 1915


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
No official record of the storm surge height at Galveston was preserved as the tide gauges operated by the United States Geological Survey and United States Army Corps of Engineers were destroyed by the hurricane. However, measurements of high water marks by the Army Corps of Engineers at the intersection of 20th and Strand Streets indicated the maximum water level reached 11.965 ft (3.647 m) above the mean low tide height, suggesting water levels above those during the 1900 hurricane.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Streets in the city's retail district were first submerged after 6 p.m. CST on August 16 (23:00 UTC), with roads eventually submerged under 5 ft (1.5 m) of water at the height of the storm; the inundation peaked at 6 ft (1.8 m) at the city's Union Depot. Floodwaters remained on the city streets before receding on the morning of August 18. Offshore, a 21,000 lb (9,500 kg) buoy with a 9,750 lb (4,420 kg) anchor and chain was blown 10 mi (16 km) west by the hurricane.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The 300 ft (91 m) wide beach extending outwards from the Galveston Seawall was completely eroded by the storm surge, deposited in an offshore sandbar; the beach has only partially recovered since then. Two lighthouses, the Redfish Bar and Galveston Jetty lights, were damaged. A total of 24 vessels capsized offshore Galveston. Most ships in Galveston's wharves weathered the hurricane without much damage. The wharves themselves generally sustained minor damage and all were repairable. However, piers 10 and 21 were severely affected and among several destroyed piers. The USAT McClellan was torn adrift from pier 12 and grounded upon Pelican Island. Sheds in the area were also destroyed.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Houses closest to the Gulf coast, many of weak structural integrity, saw the severest impacts from the storm. All homes near the Seawall Boulevard east of 20th Street were destroyed. The rough seas eroded the underlying sand beneath buildings, causing their collapse. Other structures along the coast were also destroyed, including bath houses, fishing piers, and pavilions. Along Tremont Street, beach resort structures and a casino were destroyed, primarily by stones torn loose from the seawall's riprap. A 20-block length of Seawall Boulevard was destroyed by this erosion. Pavement along the road was destroyed between 6th and 18th Streets.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
However, the seawall itself largely held intact, with structural damage limited to two chips near 39th Street where a four-masted schooner, the Crockett, dragged two anchors into the wall. The ship lodged onto the wall during the storm, resulting in the Crockett's disintegration with debris spread across Galveston's West End. The force of the waves dislodged 20-short-ton (18,000 kg) granite blocks and carried them into the city streets. A six-block-long stretch of street railway was destroyed.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Although the seawall was designed with a 300–400 ft (91–122 m) interior sand buffer sloping upwards to the city, only small patches were augmented by a surface layer of soil or sod. This allowed additional erosion behind the seawall, damaging 200 homes, of which most were declared uninhabitable and some destroyed. Southeastern parts of Galveston were covered by 2–5 ft (0.61–1.52 m) of sand.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The highest winds in Galveston were recorded at around 2:30 a.m. CST on August 17 (07:30 UTC), including maximum sustained winds of 93 mph (150 km/h) and a peak gust of 120 mph (190 km/h). Strong winds shattered windows and blew down fences, outbuildings, and trees. In the city's business district, awnings and signs were damaged. Some tin roofs were torn by the winds, but overall wind damage in the district was minor. However, many business storehouses had their stocks damaged by flooding, particularly those containing dry goods.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The city's water supply was cut after sections of the water main sourcing water from springs in Alta Loma were destroyed. The ends of the Galveston Causeway were reduced to their concrete foundations, necessitating $500,000 in repairs. The causeway's drawbridge was also destroyed, along with 300 ft (91 m) of the main bridge structure. Two interurban cars laid at rest at the destroyed drawbridge, partially submerged underwater. The city lost most of its telecommunication capacity when its Marconi wireless station was destroyed, limiting telegraph service to radio via the USAT Buford.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Military installations at Fort Crockett were heavily damaged, with much of the grounds eroded and forts destroyed; damage there totaled over $500,000. Four soldiers stationed at the fort were killed. At least 90 percent of the 250 homes on Galveston Island outside the seawall's protection were destroyed. Throughout the island, there were 42 fatalities outside of Galveston. Port Bolivar was largely destroyed, and its port was mostly not rebuilt. Sixty people sought refuge at the Point Bolivar Light during the storm.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Rough seas were reported throughout the Texas coast ahead of the storm on August 16, with waves cresting 20 ft (6.1 m) high. Coastal inundation of city streets was reported in all towns between Corpus Christi and Orange. Ten houses were destroyed in Victoria. Telephone service in the city was disrupted, rendering 165 telephones out of commission. The agitated waters of Matagorda Bay flooded the Matagorda Peninsula a day before landfall, and nearby Freeport observed their highest tide in many years. Many oil derricks in the area were destroyed.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The life-saving station in Freeport near the mouth of the Brazos River was destroyed, killing 19 people. Upstream the Brazos River in Brazoria, strong winds damaged crops, fences, and trees. Most crops in Matagorda County withstood the storm, though 25–35 percent of the rice crop was lost, including Blue Rose, Honduras, and Japan varieties. Aside from cotton losses, Port Lavaca along Matagorda Bay suffered light damage to property. Bathhouses in Port Aransas were destroyed.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Several towns between Houston and Galveston, especially those along Galveston Bay, sustained heavy damage. Storm surge along the bay's coast swept away 85 homes at Seabrook, killing two; the Houston Chronicle described Seabrook as being "entirely annihilated". At Virginia Point, 15.3 ft (4.7 m) high storm surge destroyed the local hotel, killing 21 people. Lynchburg was reported in The Houston Post to have been "wiped off [the] map". Buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed in Dickinson, La Marque, League City, and Webster, though no fatalities occurred at these locales.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
A hundred bales of cotton, skiffs, small craft, and a buoy littered the Hitchcock area, accompanied by floodwaters that submerged railway tracks, preventing access to the Galveston Causeway. The flooding remained 5 ft (1.5 m) deep and inside homes the morning after landfall. The bodies of seven people were recovered in the city. At the height of the storm, winds there were estimated in excess of 100 mph (160 km/h). Many freight cars were knocked onto their sides, with one blown off of its tracks.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Another seven people were killed in the Morgan's Point area due to storm surge; one measurement of the tides there indicated that seas were 14 ft (4.3 m) higher than mean low tide. Hundreds of dead cattle and other animals washed ashore along the Morgan's Point bayfront. Six people were killed in La Porte and three in nearby Sylvan Beach.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Texas City was hard-hit by the hurricane, sustaining $400,000 in damage and the loss of 18 lives. Eight were killed following the collapse of the top two stories of a recently completed building. An estimated 250 people took shelter in the building, though a majority left when the building was first unroofed. An estimated 150 buildings, primarily small frame residences and structures, collapsed; eight businesses were destroyed. Some businesses and residences were unroofed, and while most remained standing, many frame buildings were torn from their foundations and lay afloat in the floodwaters.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
In total, damage to homes and businesses was estimated as between $35,000–$100,000. Damage to refineries amounted to $75,000 and losses to warehouses and piers amounted to $50,000. Total losses to the Texas City Transportation Company's shipping facilities was estimated at $200,000, including the loss of three large oil tanks and coastal installations. Several dredges were damaged and grounded at Texas City. Floodwaters 4.5–6 ft (1.4–1.8 m) deep swept the city streets. The U.S. Army camp in Texas City was destroyed, with the loss of most tents and wooden structures; ten soldiers were killed there. The dredge Sam Houston capsized in a channel 7 mi (11 km) off of Texas City, drowning 56–60 people; there were only three survivors. Two oil tank steamers were grounded between Texas City and Virginia Point while numerous small craft sank.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Sabine Lake overflowed its banks and inundated Port Arthur, flooding all one-story buildings; one street was submerged under 8–10 ft (2.4–3.0 m) of water. Residents sought refuge in the upper floors of the city's main buildings. An oil refinery in the western part of the city was flooded with 8 ft (2.4 m) of water, leaving its 150 workers stranded atop the site's buildings. At the height of the storm on the morning of August 17, winds reached 90 mph (140 km/h) in Port Arthur, lasting nearly two hours before subsiding. Strong winds blew away an entire telephone station.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Beaumont lost all telecommunication capabilities, including service to over 1,500 telephones. The Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Company estimated at least $50,000 in damage was dealt to its assets in the city. A Catholic church, frame buildings, and a grandstand were destroyed, while hundreds of windows were blown out by the hurricane. The city also lost all power during the night of landfall. With the exception of one, all oil derricks at the Sour Lake oilfield were destroyed. The surge pushed a 50,000-barrel oil tank inland into Nederland.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Winds reached 65 mph (105 km/h) in Sabine Pass, where six people were killed; another three were killed in Beaumont. Widespread damage amounting to $25,000 occurred in Orange. Six smokestacks at a paper mill collapsed, damaging roofing below. Other factory smokestacks around the city also collapsed, damaging adjacent structures. Several ships held at port were damaged and some sank. Elsewhere in the southeastern Texas counties of Jefferson and Liberty, strong winds blew down corn, cotton, and rice crops, accounting for most of the damage in those counties.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
A peak wind of 80 mph (130 km/h) was estimated in Houston at 8 a.m. CST on August 17 (13:00 UTC). The hurricane set a record for the most rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period in Houston with 7.18 in (182 mm) of rain. Most buildings in the city sustained some form of damage, amounting to a $1 million damage toll. Plateglass windows and business signage in Downtown Houston were destroyed. Vegetation in the city's residential districts was damaged. The downed trees and live power lines lay strewn across the city streets.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Streetlights were turned off during the storm to reduce the risk of electrocutions. One person was killed after stepping upon a downed power line. The Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Company conservatively estimated the damage to its communication lines in Houston at $100,000, making it the most disruptive incident in the company's history. Roughly half of the 20,000 phone lines in the city were inoperative, with an average of 200 lines knocked out of commission per hour.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The severest effects in Houston were realized in the shopping district, where store fronts were destroyed and the associated glass and wood debris scattered over several blocks. Numerous windows were blown out of many buildings while other buildings partially collapsed. The now penetrable façades allowed rainfall to cause additional interior water damage.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Some of the wind-blown debris produced additional damage to buildings that otherwise withstood the winds themselves; pieces of slate from a Baptist church shattered nearly every window on the ground and mezzanine floors of a nearby furniture store, with windows broken up to the building's seventh story; total damage to the store was enumerated at $7,000. In the eastern parts of Houston around Harrisburg Road, homes were unroofed and large trees uprooted. Along Washington Avenue, chimneys were torn from houses and fences were either blown down or destroyed by fallen trees.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
West End Park suffered extensive damage with the roof and upper deck of the baseball field destroyed. Debris was widespread in South Houston, especially in areas with flat terrain and lacking in vegetation. Thousands of dollars of damage was wrought to homes and other buildings. Damage to schools across the Houston area amounted to $15,000. Virtually all roads in Harris County were damaged, resulting in a $100,000 toll.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) reached as far west as San Antonio. Crops across half of Texas were damaged by the storm as it pressed inland, including the loss of all open cotton and most late-season corn and rice. Many partly grown cotton bolls failed to open due to bruising from the storm, and roughly a quarter of all field cotton was lost. However, open ranges and forage crops benefited from rainfall. Several interior cities reported damage from the hurricane. Property damage was relatively minor in Angleton, where winds peaked at 65 mph (105 km/h).


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Minor structures, including awnings, barns, and outhouses, were damaged. The hurricane wrought extensive damage to Brazos County, with strong winds destroying the chimneys and windows of numerous homes; the ruined façades resulted in widespread flooding of homes. Small houses and thousands of trees were toppled, as well as a 112 ft (34 m)-high oil derrick. Awnings were pulled apart from storefronts throughout the Main Street area, and the county courthouse was badly damaged. Two halls and small buildings were damaged at Texas A&M University, amounting to a damage toll of $5,000–$10,000.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
The Bryan Weekly Eagle reported that the storm had "no equal in the history of the county". Widespread damage also occurred in Rockdale and Caldwell. At Rockdale, the winds caused leaks in almost every house and tore down power lines, while store awnings and a church steeple were blown away in Caldwell. Telegraph and train service were out in Rosenberg, where business signage, trees, and wires were blown down by strong winds; the city incurred a $3,000 damage toll. A church and warehouse in Elgin were destroyed. Seven other towns reported major cotton losses and minor property damage.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Lockhart lost 75–80 percent of their cotton and many of their shade trees. The cotton crop was entirely destroyed in Bastrop, Hallettsvile, Sealy, Shiner, and Smithville. About 15–25 percent of cotton across Central Texas was damaged, amounting to several millions of dollars in losses. In Travis County, more cotton bolls were open compared to other areas prior to the storm, making the county susceptible to greater losses. All unharvested corn was blown down in Lexington. In Williamson County, the storm was more destructive than the 1900 hurricane, damaging outhouses, windmills, and buildings on the Southwestern University campus. The county also lost 15,000–20,000 bales of cotton. Heavy rains and winds of 44–48 mph (71–77 km/h) were reported across the Dallas–Fort Worth area.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Rainfall from the hurricane spread across East Texas, with the heaviest rains occurring near the state border with Louisiana and tapering farther west. The highest precipitation total was 19.83 in (504 mm) in San Augustine; however, rainfall totals were likely undermeasured as the rain gauges could not accurately measure rain blown horizontally by the winds. Eighteen weather stations set 24-hour rainfall records for the month of August. On August 18, 5.10 in (130 mm) of rain was measured in McKinney, setting a 24-hour rainfall record for Collin County; a total 7.23 in (184 mm) of rain throughout the storm.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Texas
Significant flooding occurred along the Sabine and Neches rivers, with minor flooding along the ends of the Trinity River. Supplied by 10–19 in (250–480 mm) rainfall amounts throughout their watersheds, the Sabine and Neches rivers remained flooded for the remainder of August, expanding to a width of 4 mi (6.4 km) in some locations. The rivers reached their highest stages on August 23, with the Neches River at Beaumont reaching a stage of 14 ft (4.3 m); this was the highest river stage for Beaumont since river observations began in September 1903. The elevated Neches River inundated a 4.5 mi (7.2 km) wide section of Orange County.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
The remnants of the 1915 hurricane brought strong winds inland to the lower Ohio River Valley and severe flooding from Texas to New York. Heavy rains fell across much of Arkansas from August 17–21, flooding most rivers. Precipitation was heaviest within a narrow band extending from Mena to Hardy. Open cotton bolls and corn were beaten down by the precipitation. Many cities reported flooding after extended periods of continuous rainfall. The Ouachita River at Hot Springs reached its highest level on record, causing thousands of dollars in damage to crops.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
The White River experienced its worst flood overall since 1891, though upper portions of the river valley experienced unprecedented flooding. Entire towns were caught in the floodwaters, with bridges and buildings destroyed along the banks. All crops along the river upstream of DeValls Bluff were destroyed; these crops included corn and cotton at lowland farms, as well as stored hay. Corn and cotton suffered significant losses in Jamestown, McHue, Moorefield, Pfeiffer, and Sulphur Rock. In Independence County, 15,000 acres (6,100 hectares) of cropland were submerged by the White River.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
Newport was flooded after the local levee along the river was breached. The city's water and electricity plants went out of commission and all businesses were forced to close. The causeway across Newport Lake was washed out. Two steamers were later sent there to rescue flood-stricken residents. A family of five drowned at Oil Trough upstream. Many livestock also drowned from the rise of White River. Similar flooding occurred along the Strawberry River in Sharp County and the Black River in Lawrence County.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
The swollen Arkansas and Red rivers also caused damaging floods, albeit less severe than along the banks of the White River. Bridges and railroads were washed out by the Red and Saline rivers. Thirteen bridges along the Missouri and Northern Arkansas Railroad were damaged. Total losses from the storm in Arkansas amounted to $2.43 million.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
Heavy rainfall from the weakening remnants also damaged crops and property between August 18–21 in eastern parts of the Ozark Plateau in Missouri. Saint Louis University in St. Louis recorded the highest precipitation total in the state at 8.20 in (208 mm). St. Louis suffered catastrophic flooding from the remnants of the 1915 hurricane, recording the city's highest single-day rainfall total with 6.85 in (174 mm) on August 20. The rains were also accompanied by gusty winds topping out at 42 mph (68 km/h).


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
The River Des Peres overflowed its banks, flooding 15 sq mi (39 km2) and encompassing many streets including Delmar Boulevard. Train and streetcar service throughout the city was halted. The Wabash Railroad station on Delmar Boulevard was isolated by floodwaters 7 ft (2.1 m) deep and 200 yd (180 m) wide. The station's platforms were swept away into the current. The city's sewage and drainage infrastructure clogged, leaving standing water in low-lying streets and preventing residents from eliminating floodwaters from their homes. Congested sewers were responsible for much of the flooding in the West End.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
Forest Park was flooded, submerging the golf course and endangering the St. Louis Zoo. The subway at Union Station was inundated by 4 ft (1.2 m) of water from Mill Creek. Numerous motor and horse-drawn vehicles became stranded in water. Along Manchester Avenue, homes and mills were destroyed by the fast-moving currents. Hundreds of people were forced to evacuate their homes by boat. All boats in three city parks were seized by the St. Louis Parks Department for use in rescue efforts. In the Carondelet neighborhood, 115 residents were rescued.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
Five thousand people were rendered homeless; the St. Louis Coliseum was opened as a temporary housing arrangement for displaced residents. Twenty people were killed in the floods, including a family of five at a one-room cottage near Hampton Avenue and six others in the Ellendale neighborhood. A total of 1,025 homes were damaged or destroyed. The Meramec River rose 43 ft (13 m) from the flooding, submerging the entire town of Valley Park 20 mi (32 km) southwest of St. Louis. Buildings were flooded to their second floors. Damage from the flooding in St. Louis County extending into western Illinois was estimated at $1 million.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
The hurricane's remnants contributed to the coolest and rainiest August in Illinois history. The storm tracked across the southern part of the state on August 20, bringing high winds and heavy rain. Rail service was delayed throughout central Illinois. The winds damaged corn throughout the southern half of the state, with the crop damage worsened by rivers overflowing their banks. Widespread precipitation totals of 3 in (76 mm) were recorded, with a localized area of 6–8 in (150–200 mm) totals within 70 mi (110 km) of St. Louis, Missouri. Flooding occurred in the state's southwestern counties southward to Jackson County.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
Many farm animals drowned and bridges and railroads were washed out. A levee breach resulted in the flooding of Benbow City, East Alton, and western Wood River. Many factories suspended operations due to floods, including cartridge and gunpowder producers who incurred $250,000 in damage. Two companies' factories were overtaken by flooding with their 400 employees narrowly escaping. The rains in East St. Louis overloaded the city's sewage system and drainage canal, flooding adjacent homes. Fifty houses were inundated in Belleville. Richland Creek, which runs through Belleville, had expanded from its normal 15 ft (4.6 m) width to a width of 900 ft (270 m) as a result of the rainfall.


1915 Galveston hurricane, Impact, United States, Interior United States
Corn and tobacco crops were damaged in Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky by the storm's winds. In Louisville, five-minute sustained winds peaked at 48 mph (77 km/h). Crops were also damaged at Lone Oak in McCracken County, including apple and peach trees. Telecommunications were disrupted in Paducah after telephone and telegraph wires were damaged by the storm's winds. Street lights in the city were also knocked out amid power interruptions. Winds of 42 mph (68 km/h) were measured in Nashville, Tennessee. One person was injured in Nashville by a plateglass window blown out by the wind, while another person in the city was injured after a wind-loosened sign fell upon them. The winds downed a few telecommunication lines across Tennessee.