1910 Giro d'Italia, Race overview
Eberardo Pavesi dominated the difficult ninth stage that contained the major climbs of the Nava, Tenda, and San Bartolomeo. Pavesi went on to win the stage by close to six minutes over the second-place finisher Luigi Ganna. The race's tenth and final stage was marred by rain. Race leader Carlo Galetti crashed into a hay wagon early on in the stage and sustained some heavy wounds, he would get back on his bike and finish the stage in fifth place. Despite the rain in Milan, many spectators still came to watch the riders arrive. Luigi Ganna was the first rider to cross the finish line in Milan and in doing so, he won his third stage of the 1910 Giro d'Italia. Carlo Galetti won the Giro d'Italia by a margin of eighteen points over Pavesi. Galetti and his team, Atala-Continental, won the team classification.


1910 Giro d'Italia, Final standings, General classification
There were 20 cyclists who had completed all ten stages. For these cyclists, the points they received from each of their stage placing's were added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated points was the winner. Ezio Corlaita won the prize for best ranked isolati rider in the general classification.


1910 Giro di Lombardia
The 1910 Giro di Lombardia was the sixth edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 6 November 1910. The race started in Milan and finished in Sesto San Giovanni. The race was won by Giovanni Micheletto.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election
The 1910 Glamorgan County Council election was the eighth contest for seats on this local authority in south Wales. It was preceded by the 1907 election and followed by the 1913 election.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result
As in most parts of Wales, the Liberal Party was once again triumphant and won a majority of the seats. The Conservatives made a further advance in the western part of the county where they also held on in a number of industrial wards where the influence of paternalism remained strong. A more striking factor was the advance of Labour candidates in several areas and there were also a number of Liberal members who were returned under a 'progressive' banner with support from the labour movement.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Boundary Changes
There were numerous boundary changes resulting from the secession of Merthyr Tydfil from Glamorgan to create a new County Borough. There were boundary changes at Maesteg, leading to the creation of a second seat.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Retiring Aldermen
All eleven retiring aldermen were Liberals, or Lib-Lab members as the Conservatives and their allies had been denied any seats on the aldermanic bench since 1901.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections
Most seats were contested. In the western part of the county, industrialists standing as Conservatives continued to hold their found in some wards.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Aberdare, Mountain Ash and Merthyr districts
There were only two contested elections in the Aberdare district, and both were again more personal than political.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Bridgend and Maesteg districts
There were a number of contested elections in this area.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections, Swansea, Pontardawe and Port Talbot districts
In these areas the Conservatives again performed well, mainly at the expense of the Liberals.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Aberavon
J.M. Smith held on to the seat he had held since 1889, increasing his majority over Labour. The result was said to have been greeted by a large crowd.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Abercynon
Boundary Change. The Labour candidate had entered the fray at the last moment causing a three-cornered contest in this new ward.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Blaengwawr
In a contest between two Liberals, John Howell, first elected in 1895, was defeated by Gwilym Treharne who had opposed him on several occasions in the past.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Bridgend
Randall was again returned unopposed, with the Liberals deciding not to oppose him.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Cowbridge
The sitting member, a timber merchant at Pendoylan, who had captured the seat three years previously, was now returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Cwmavon
Henry Davies held on to the seat he won in 1907.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Dinas Powys
The sitting member had held the seat for many years and was again returned.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Gadlys
Following the recent death of Griffith George, a fellow Liberal was elected in his place. There was no Labour candidate.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Hengoed
In this new ward, long-serving alderman David Prosser was defeated.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llandeilo Talybont
First elected in 1889, Rees Harries was again returned by a substantial majority.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Llwynypia and Clydach
James Evans, grocer, elected following Richard Lewis's election as alderman in 1901, was returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Loughor and Penderry
John Glasbrook was elected unopposed following the retirement of Sir John Llewelyn.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Maesteg, Caerau and Nantyffyllon
Vernon Hartshorn, miners; agent was returned by a huge majority


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Maesteg, East and West
This was a repeat of the contest three years previously with the same result.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Margam
Following the retirement of the Liberal member, the son of the former Independent councillor, defeated in 1904, won a narrow victory over Labour.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Newcastle
T.J. Hughes, vice-chairman of the county council was returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Ogmore
The ward was renamed Porthcawl. In a close contest a prominent Liberal defeated the former Conservative councillor.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Pentre
E.T. Davies, auctioneer, had been elected at a by-election following Elias Henry Davies's appointment as alderman in 1902. He was now returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Treherbert
Enoch Davies, returned in 1901 following William Morgan's re-election as alderman, was elected unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Trealaw and Tonypandy
D.W. Davies, the member since 1898, was returned unopposed for the second successive election.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Tylorstown and Ynyshir
Sitting councillor Dr T.H. Morris stood down to allow Alderman W.H. Mathias to be returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Ystrad
Clifford Cory, the member since 1892, was once again returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen
In addition to the 66 councillors the council consisted of 22 county aldermen. Boundary changes following the secession of Merthyr kept the number of councillors at 66 through the creation of additional wards. The number of aldermen therefore remained unchanged. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the 1910 election, there were twelve Aldermanic vacancies rather than eleven owing to the resignation of John Davies, an alderman elected for a Merthyr ward.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen
The following aldermen were appointed by the newly elected council.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen
elected for six yearsThomas, W. M. DavidG. h- Fleming, Rhys 11 airies, Dd. Hughes G. J. Hughes, W. Jones, J. Jordan, Rhys Llew- ellyn, W. Llewellyn, W. H. Matthews, W. M. Williams, and Rev. D. H. Williams.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, By-Elections, Aberdare Town by-election
William Thomas, High Constable of Miskin Higher, who had been nominated at the initial election but agreed to withdraw to prevent a split in the Liberal ranks was now returned unopposed.


1910 Glamorgan County Council election, By-Elections, Llwydcoed by-election
Harris, elected when Llewellyn was initially made an alderman, was again returned.


1910 Govan by-election
The Govan by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of the Govan Division of Lanarkshire on 28 April 1910.


1910 Govan by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), William Hunter KC as Solicitor General for Scotland. Under the Parliamentary rules applicable at the time if Hunter wished to remain an MP he had to resign and fight a by-election.


1910 Govan by-election, Candidates
The Govan Liberals re-selected Hunter to try to retain his seat which he had held since the January 1910 general election when he obtained a majority of 1,429 votes and gained the seat from the Unionists.


1910 Govan by-election, Candidates
It was reported that the Unionists were not eager to contest a by-election and that "as a matter of courtesy" Hunter might be allowed a walkover. An added consideration was that it seemed likely a new general election would be called within a few months. Representatives of the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists met on 21 April to discuss the by-election and decided not to put up a candidate.


1910 Govan by-election, Candidates
Despite having contested the constituency at the previous general election, the Labour Party also chose not to oppose Hunter.


1910 Govan by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward, Hunter was returned unopposed.


1910 Grand National
The 1910 Grand National was the 72nd official annual running of the world-famous Grand National steeplechase which took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 18 March 1910.


1910 Grand National
It is the earliest Grand National to which there are moving images.


1910 Grand Prix season
The 1910 Grand Prix season was the fifth Grand Prix racing season. Because of the ongoing international economic recession, there were no Grandes Épreuves held. The American Grand Prize was held in Savannah.


1910 Grand Prix season
With the global economy still in recession, racing in Europe fell into abeyance. The only significant event was the Targa Florio and that had to be merged with the voiturette race, and still only attracted eight starters. However in the USA, racing was thriving with a series of events, and new circuits at Indianapolis and Los Angeles. The major American races of the Vanderbilt Cup and the Grand Prize attracted decent fields with good prize money.


1910 Grand Prix season
Even the popular voiturette category was affected with small fields. However there was a close contest between the respective works drivers of the French Lion-Peugeot and Spanish Hispano-Suiza teams. Honours were shared with two wins each – at the Targa Florio and Copa Catalunya for the former, and the latter winning the Coupe d'Ostende and Coupe des Voiturettes.


1910 Grand Prix season, Racing regulations
The AIACR (forerunner of the FIA) regulations of the 1909 season remained current, but as no national racing associations used them in racing meant they were quite redundant.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
This year, the Targa Florio only attracted a small field and faced with such a frugal list Vincenzo Florio chose to run the Corsa Vetturette Madonie concurrently with the main race. However the only takers were the three Lion-Peugeots of the works team, but that small efficient team was enough to dissuade those few entrants. In the end only eight cars started, and their fears were justified: The three voiturettes cruised to victory, with Georges Boillot first, ahead of team-mates Giosue Giuppone and Jules Goux. Tullio Cariolato, driving a Franca, was the first of the larger cars home nearly 50 minutes later.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
With the withdrawal of the Sizaire-Naudin team from racing, the challenge to the dominant Lion-Peugeot team came from the Spanish Hispano-Suiza team, whose drivers were Paolo Zuccarelli, Louis Pilliverdier, Jean Chassagne and Alfonso Carreras.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
The Copa de Cataluña – at the Sitges circuit near Barcelona – had proved very popular in its first running the year before. Once again a small but quality field arrived for the 1910 edition, and again it was a close race between Lion-Peugeot and Hispano-Suiza. Jules Goux won from Giuppone and the Hispano-Suiza of Carreras. The teams would meet again at the Coupe d’Ostende in Belgium in a straight three-vs-three contest. This time Zuccarelli won from Giuppone and Pilliverdier.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
The deciding race would be the Coupe des Voiturettes (also called the Coupe de l’Auto as it was promoted by L’Auto newspaper). Lion-Peugeot arrived with two new models for the race: the tall, 280mm-stroke two-cylinder VX5 for Goux and Giuppone, while Boillot had a four-cylinder version. Tragically though Giuppone was killed testing the new car two days before the race, when he crashed trying to avoid a cyclist on the road. In the race, the Peugeots took an early lead. But when Goux had to pit for a puncture and Boillot had overheating issues Zuccarelli moved to the front. He had a trouble-free race, winning by 15 minutes from Goux with Chassagne’s Hispano-Suiza 3rd.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
After a tragic opening weekend of races in 1909 at Indianapolis the organisers had set about repaving the whole track with bricks. The first races on the new surface were held over three days around Memorial Day. Further races were held over the other holiday weekends on Independence Day and Labor Day. The series of races of 50, 100 and 200 miles were popular, but the organisers wanted something greater. So it was that Carl G. Fisher had the idea of holding one long 500-mile race with the richest prize in motorsport.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
The Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Motordrome was opened on 8 April as the USA’s first board speedway. Meanwhile the AAA (Automobile Association of America) and ACA (Automobile Club of America) had reconciled and agreed to jointly hold the Vanderbilt Cup and American Grand Prize at the Long Island Motor Parkway in October. But once again the organisation left a lot to be desired. During practice, a journalist was given a racing lap with current AAA champion George Robertson. Approaching a corner at speed, he lost his nerve and grabbed the wheel.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
Robertson crashed, was severely injured and never raced again. Louis Chevrolet’s Marquette-Buick led for most of the race, until he crashed on lap 9, killing his riding-mechanic Charlie Miller. Another fatal accident occurred near the end of the race when the crowd started invading the track once again. All together there were 3 people killed and 20 injured over the race-weekend. The Grand Prize race was promptly cancelled.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
The Savannah Automobile Club then offered to run the Grand Prize, as they had done in 1908. It was re-scheduled to 12 November and run to the Formula Libre open regulations. This attracted the attention of (Fiat Automobiles|FIAT) and Benz who sent their drivers Felice Nazzaro and Louis Wagner for the former and Victor Hémery for the latter. They also got top American drivers for their other cars: Ralph DePalma (FIAT), David Bruce-Brown and Willie Haupt (Benz).


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
From fifteen starters, the European cars took control but a series of issues stymied them: Hémery burst a tyre, Nazzaro and Haupt had accidents, Wagner had broken suspension and DePalma’s engine expired. In the end Hémery crossed the line first, but it was Bruce-Brown who won on time-elapsed, finishing a bare 1.5 seconds ahead – to the joy of the local spectators. Bob Burman was third, eighteen minutes back, in a Marquette.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
At the end of the year, Ray Harroun was crowned AAA National Champion after victories at Playa del Rey, Indianapolis and Atlanta.


1910 Grand Prix season, Season review
In March Barney Oldfield took the 21-litre Blitzen Benz to Daytona Beach and set a new Land Speed Record of 212.02,930.66 km/h (1,821.03 mph). However, the ACF would not recognise the record. A month later, Bob Burman went faster in the same vehicle, reaching 227.52,930.66 km/h (1,821.03 mph) though it was only in one direction. Again the ACF rejected the record. At the end of the year the AIACR took over the administration of speed records from the ACF, also adding the stipulation that records have to be averaged across both directions to be valid.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand
The 1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand was the first international tour of the Great Britain national rugby league team, "The Lions". They played the second ever Ashes series against Australia, and their first as the visiting team, before travelling to Auckland to take on New Zealand. The tour was a huge promotional and financial success for what was then known as the "Northern Union" game and helped set the pattern for regular, alternating test match series between Britain and Australia. It is regarded as one of the most important events in the history of rugby league.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand
Despite the selection of several Welsh players in the touring squad, the team is sometimes referred to as "England". They went south from Manchester in early April to London, then travelled by ship for six weeks before reaching Australia. Led by Salford captain James Lomas, the tour was a huge success for the Lions who won all their test matches with Lomas topping the tour scoring charts with 136 points in 13 games.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Touring squad
The team originally scheduled to tour consisted of eighteen internationals: nine English, eight Welsh and one Scottish. All players were from clubs that participated in the 1909–10 Northern Rugby Football Union season's Championship. The players were also accompanied by joint managers, J. H. Houghton and J. Clifford as well as trainer D. Murray.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg
The Australian leg of the tour took place during the 1910 NSWRFL season, the third season of rugby league football in Australia since the game's split from rugby union.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Test Venues
The two Ashes series tests took place at the following venues.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus New South Wales
Before the test series, the British played three matches against New South Wales, losing the first 14 – 28 and the second 20 – 27.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus New South Wales
10,000 people saw the match on 29 May whose margin never went beyond more than five points.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus New South Wales
This was the third match and first win of the visitors' series against New South Wales, with their captain, Jim Lomas featuring prominently.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Ashes series
Sydney's Royal Agricultural Showground was the venue for the first Ashes test on Australian soil. Five former Wallaby teammates made their rugby league test debuts for Australia in this match: Charles Russell, John Barnett, Bob Craig, Jack Hickey, and Chris McKivat.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Ashes series
This day also featured a goal-kicking contest between the two sides' captains, Dally Messenger and Jim Lomas, won 3-2 by Lomas


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Ashes series
This match also featured a goal-kicking contest, between Dally Messenger, Jim Lomas and Herb Brackenrigg, which the latter won. Queensland's Bill Heidke was awarded the captaincy for this match, the first non-New South Welshman to achieve this honour. In the second test, Australia had gotten off to an early lead over the visitors at 11 nil. Jim Leytham's four tries in this match would remain an unbeaten Ashes record.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Ashes series
The British had thus won the series in two tests.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus Australasia
It was decided that after the Ashes series, a combined "Australasia" team, comprising the best players of Australia and New Zealand would play a series of matches against the touring Britons. The Australian jersey's sky blue with maroon hoops had black hoops added to it for these matches.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus Australasia
The British team were conveyed on to the ground by a group of "Jack tars" in port at Sydney who took the place of the horses that were to pull the drag.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus Australasia
The first points came from an individual effort from Viv Farnsworth that led to him scoring in the corner. Great Britain replied with a penalty goal through Jim Lomas. Courtney got the next try, which Brackenrigg failed to convert. Then it was the visitors' turn to score, with a try to Leytham out wide. Lomas missed the kick, so Australasia were leading 8 – 5 at the half time break. They extended their lead to 13 – 5 before The British made a strong comeback to level the scores with a late try before full-time.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus Australasia
At one stage Great Britain were leading 15 – 5 but at half time were trailing 15 – 17. They scored no more points in the second half, as Australasia overran them.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Australian leg, Versus Australasia
In the evening following the match, the touring Britons left for New Zealand on the Maheno. The next time the two sides would meet was during the 1911–12 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg
The British team arrived in Auckland on 17 July and were met by officials of the newly formed New Zealand Rugby League before being given a mayoral reception the following morning. During the tour the Lions donated the Northern Union Cup which was awarded to Auckland for inter-provincial competition and is still contested today.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg
The first match was played in weather described as atrocious against a New Zealand Māori team captained by Whiri Winiata and featuring Albert Asher who had played with the victorious Australasia team back in Australia. The first international try scored on New Zealand soil was by Halifax winger, Joe Riley and this was followed by a hat-trick of tries by Wigan centre Bert Jenkins. Great Britain led 23 – 0 at half-time. In the second half, Fred Smith scored a fourth try for the visitors.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg
The Auckland side was; Alf Chorley, L Nolan, G Smith, Albert Asher, Alf Jackson, Ronald MacDonald, Len Farrant, Fred Jackson (c), Charles Dunning, Jim Griffin, Alex Stanaway, H Fricker, George Seagar. Emergencies; Syd Riley, Arthur Carlaw, J Bennett, Jim Rukutai, Bob Mitchell.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Versus New Zealand
New Zealand wore the colours of Red and Yellow with Black bands for the Test match. It was the only time that they wore these colours.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, New Zealand leg, Versus New Zealand
The touring British side had been invited to play another match in Australia, so left Auckland for Sydney on 1 August on the SS Maheno after a hearty send-off.


1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, Return leg
On their way back to England, a portion of the touring Britons stopped in Sydney for one more game against a New South Wales second XIII, as there was already a New South Wales team playing against Queensland in Brisbane.


1910 Great Flood of Paris
The 1910 Great Flood of Paris (French: Crue de la Seine de 1910) was a catastrophe in which the Seine River, carrying winter rains from its tributaries, flooded the Paris conurbation, France. The Seine water level rose eight metres above the ordinary level.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
In the winter of 1909–1910, Paris and the surrounding area experienced higher than normal rainfall which saturated the ground and filled rivers to overflowing. In January 1910, Parisians were preoccupied with daily life and lulled into a false sense of security because the Seine's waters level had risen and fallen again in December. Consequently, they largely ignored reports of mudslides and flooding occurring upriver.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
They were also slow to notice warnings signs within the city as the Seine's water level rose eight meters higher than normal, its water began to flow much faster than normal, and large amounts of debris appeared. By late January, the Seine River flooded Paris when water pushed upwards from overflowing sewers and subway tunnels, then seeped into basements through fully saturated soil and from the sewer system that got backed up, which led to the basements of several buildings sustaining damage.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
The waters did not overflow the river's banks within the city, but flooded Paris through tunnels, sewers, and drains. These larger sewer tunnels were engineered by Baron Haussmann and Eugene Belgrand in 1878 which magnified the destruction caused by the flood in 1910. In neighbouring towns both east and west of the capital, the river rose above its banks and flooded the surrounding terrain directly.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
Winter floods were a normal occurrence in Paris but, on 21 January, the river began to rise more rapidly than normal. This was seen as a sort of spectacle where people were actually standing in the streets watching the water rise in the Seine. Over the course of the following week, thousands of Parisians evacuated their homes as water infiltrated buildings and streets throughout the city, shutting down much basic infrastructure. The infrastructure was more vulnerable to flooding because most of it was built within the sewage system in order to avoid cluttering the streets.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
Police, firefighters, and soldiers moved through waterlogged streets in boats to rescue stranded residents from second-story windows and to distribute aid. Refugees gathered in makeshift shelters in churches, schools, and government buildings. Although the water threatened to overflow the tops of the quay walls lining the river, workmen were able to keep the Seine back with hastily built levees.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
Once water invaded the Gare d'Orsay rail terminal, its tracks soon sat under more than a metre of water. To continue moving throughout the city, residents traveled by boat or across a series of wooden walkways built by government engineers and civilians.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Chronology
On 28 January the water reached its maximum height at 8.62 metres (28.28 feet) above its normal level. In March, the Seine finally returned to normal levels.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Consequences
Estimates of the flood damage reached some 400 million francs, or $1.5 billion in today's money. The flooding lasted nearly a week, according to one report. Remarkably, despite the damage and duration of the flood, no deaths were reported.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Consequences
There were fears that an outbreak of the disease would occur after debris from flooded homes piled into the streets.


1910 Great Flood of Paris, Sources
Jeffrey H. Jackson, Paris Under Water: How the City of Light Survived the Great Flood of 1910 (NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010)


1910 Guatemalan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Guatemala on 11 April 1910. Manuel Estrada Cabrera was re-elected unopposed. He assumed the presidency on 15 March 1911.


1910 Harris County Courthouse
The Harris County Courthouse of 1910 is one of the courthouse buildings operated by the Harris County, Texas government, in Downtown Houston. It is in the Classical Revival architectural style and has six stories. Two courtrooms inside are two stories each. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1981.


1910 Harris County Courthouse
It houses the Texas Court of Appeals districts 1 and 14.


1910 Harris County Courthouse, History
At the time of its opening the Texas district courts number 11, 55, and 61 moved into the courthouse.


1910 Harris County Courthouse, History
In 1930 the cupola was removed. There were previously stairs made of granite that connected the second floor with the ground, but they were removed in 1950. The courthouse received a modernization in 1953 which updated the interior. In 2011 the courthouse was rededicated after an extensive renovation, which began in March 2009, and restored the interior to the original style. The renovation had a cost of about $65 million, and included adding a cupola that was created in the 1980s as well as re-adding the granite steps. The reopening was in August 2011.


1910 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1910 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University  The Crimson were led by third year head coach Percy Haughton and played their home games at Harvard Stadium. They finished the season undefeated as were recognized as the national champion for the 1910 season.


1910 Haskell Indians football team
The 1910 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute  (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Bill Caldwell, Haskell compiled a 2–7 record and was outscored by a total of 341 to 37.


1910 Haskell Indians football team
Four of the team's losses were to programs that now play in Power Five conferences: Kansas State (0–39), Texas (3–63), Baylor (3–52), and Nebraska (0–119).


1910 Holy Cross football team
The 1910 Holy Cross football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross in the 1910 college football season.


1910 Holy Cross football team
In its fourth year under head coach Timothy F. Larkin, the team compiled a 3–3–2 record. John C. Lawlor was the team captain.


1910 Holy Cross football team
Holy Cross played its home games at Fitton Field on the college campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1910 Hungarian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 1 and 10 June 1910. The result was a surprise victory for the National Party of Work, which won 256 of the 413 seats.


1910 IAAUS baseball season
The 1910 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1910. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.


1910 IAAUS baseball season, Conference winners
This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1910 season.


1910 Ice Hockey European Championship
The 1910 Ice Hockey European Championship was the first ice hockey tournament for European countries associated to the International Ice Hockey Federation. It was also the first official ice hockey tournament between national teams in history.


1910 Ice Hockey European Championship
The tournament was played between January 10, and January 12, 1910, in Les Avants, near Montreux, Switzerland, and it was won by Great Britain.


1910 Ice Hockey European Championship
The British team was commonly identified as "England" in contemporary accounts, but the IIHF recognizes this team as "Great Britain."


1910 Ice Hockey European Championship
The Oxford Canadians, a team made up of Canadian students from Oxford University, also participated in the tournament, but their games did not count in the final standings of the tournament. They took part in three games, against Switzerland, Belgium, and Germany, winning all of them handily. On the final day of the tournament, the schedule was changed due to poor ice conditions. Great Britain was not prepared to play the Canadians at the new time, and the organizers declared this a forfeit.


1910 Idaho football team
The 1910 Idaho football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1910 college football season. Idaho was led by sixth-year head coach John "Pink" Griffith and played as an independent. Griffith returned after three years at Iowa, his alma mater, where he was head coach in 1909.


1910 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1910 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Democratic nominee James H. Hawley  defeated incumbent Republican James H. Brady with 47.42% of the vote.


1910 Ilkeston by-election
The Ilkeston by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The by-election was held on 7 March 1910.


1910 Ilkeston by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was held due to the  incumbent Liberal MP, Walter Foster, becoming Baron Ilkeston and taking a seat in the House of Lords. Foster had been Liberal MP for the seat of Ilkeston since the 1887 Ilkeston by-election.


1910 Ilkeston by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Liberal since it was created in 1885. They easily held the seat at the last election, with a reduced majority;


1910 Ilkeston by-election, Result
The Liberals held the seat and managed a slightly reduced majority;


1910 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1910 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1910 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Arthur R. Hall, the Illini compiled a 7–0 record, outscored opponents 89 to 0, and finished in first place in the Western Conference. Guard G. D. Butzer was the team captain.


1910 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1910 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1910 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach James M. Sheldon, the Hoosiers compiled a 6–1 record, finished in third place in the Western Conference, shut out five of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 111 to 6.


1910 Inter-State Series
The 1910 Inter-State Series Final was the second Inter-State Series ice hockey championship in Australia and for the first time was held in the Sydney Glaciarium.


1910 Inter-State Series, The series
The inter-state ice hockey championship was held between a state representative team from Victoria and from New South Wales. This tournament was a best-of-3 format and saw Victoria win the series 3 games to 0. The first winner of 2 games in the series was often quoted in newspapers as "securing / winning the 'rubber ", which is terminology used in the game of Rubber Bridge where in a best of 3 competition a rubber is awarded to the team that first wins 2 games of the 3. The game itself was played in two halves of 10min each with a break in between.


1910 Inter-State Series, The series
23 July 1910 was the first game of the series and was held at the Sydney Glaciarium in front of an enthusiastic crowd of 2000 people. Victora defeated the New South Wales team by a score of 4-2 with goals being scored by Victorians Andrew Reid (who had 2 goals), Robert Jackson and Dudley Woods. Scoring for New South Wales was done by Jack Pike and Les Turnbull.


1910 Inter-State Series, The series
Wednesday 27 July 1910 proved to be a difficult day for New South Wales as Victoria overwhelmed them by a score of 12-0.


1910 Inter-State Series, The series
The evening of Friday 29 July 1910 marked the third straight win for Victoria with a convincing 8-0 victory over New South Wales. The goals were scored by Henry "Hal" Newman Reid Jr., who had five goals and his brother Andrew Reid with three goals.


1910 Inter-State Series, Teams, New South Wales
The New South Wales team was made from the following players


1910 Inter-State Series, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders
The following goaltenders led the interstate championship for goals against average.


1910 International Cross Country Championships
The 1910 International Cross Country Championships was held in Belfast, Ireland, at the Belvoir Park on 26 March 1910. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1910 International Cross Country Championships
Complete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1910 International Cross Country Championships, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 43 athletes from 5 countries.


1910 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1910 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1910 college football season. This was Jesse Hawley's first season as head coach of the Hawkeyes.


1910 Iowa Senate election
The 1910 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1910 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 22 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1910 Iowa Senate election
A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1910 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly


1910 Iowa Senate election
The primary election on June 7, 1910, determined which candidates appeared on the November 8, 1910 general election ballot.


1910 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 34 seats to Democrats' 16 seats.


1910 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 10 Senate seats.


1910 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1910 general election with the balance of power remaining unchanged with Republicans holding 34 seats and Democrats having 16 seats.


1910 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1910 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1910 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Clyde Williams, the Cyclones compiled a 4–4 record (2–2 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 85 to 37. Cliff Scott was the team captain.


1910 Iowa State Cyclones football team
Between 1892 and 1913, the football team played on a field that later became the site of the university's Parks Library. The field was known as State Field; when the new field opened in 1915, it became known as "New State Field".


1910 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1910 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Incumbent Republican Beryl F. Carroll defeated Democratic nominee Claude R. Porter with 49.81% of the vote.


1910 Isle of Man TT
The 1910 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races took place on the Short Course (St John's, Ballacraine, Kirk Michael, Peel, St John's).


1910 Isle of Man TT, 500cc Single & 670cc Twin Results Open Class final standings
Thursday 26 May 1910 – 10 laps (158 ⅛ miles) St John's Short Course.


1910 Italian Athletics Championships
The 1910 Italian Athletics Championships  were held in Milan. it was the 5th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships.


1910 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1910 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1910 college football season. In their seventh and final season under head coach A. R. Kennedy, the Jayhawks compiled a 6–1–1 record (1–1–1 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 75 to 22. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Tommy Johnson was the team captain.


1910 Kansas State Aggies football team
The 1910 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University) in the 1910 college football season. In their sixth and final year under head coach Mike Ahearn, the Aggies compiled a 10–1 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 336 to 28.


1910 Kansas State Aggies football team
This is the only football season between 1902 and present that Kansas State did not face the University of Kansas.


1910 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 1910 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Incumbent Republican Walter R. Stubbs defeated Democratic nominee George H. Hodges with 49.76% of the vote.


1910 Kendall Orange and Black football team
The 1910 Kendall Orange and Black football team represented Henry Kendall College (later renamed the University of Tulsa) during the 1910 college football season. The team compiled a 2–1–1 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 11 to 10. The team did not play any intercollegiate football games, as its four games were played against local high schools from Broken Arrow, Claremore and Tulsa.


1910 Kentucky Derby
The 1910 Kentucky Derby was the 36th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 10, 1910. Horse Eye White scratched before the race.


1910 Kentucky State College Wildcats football team
The 1910 Kentucky State College Wildcats football team represented Kentucky State College—now known as the University of Kentucky—during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1910 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1910 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 30 April 1911, Tullaroan won the championship after a 7-01 to 3-00 defeat of Piltown in the final. This was their 10th championship title overall and their first in three championship seasons.


1910 Kooyong by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Kooyong on 24 August 1910. This was triggered by the resignation of Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP) MP William Knox. It is the first by-election to be triggered by the resignation of the sitting member who did not then re-contest the seat in the by-election.


1910 LSU Tigers football team
The 1910 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Lafayette football team
The 1910 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its second season under head coach Bob Folwell, the team compiled a 7–2 record and shut out seven of its opponents. Edwin Foresman was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1910 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1910 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its first season under head coach Howard R. Reiter, the team compiled a 2–6–1 record and was outscored by a total of 98 to 46. The team played its home games at Lehigh Field in South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1910 Lewes by-election
The Lewes by-election of 1910 was held on 17 June 1910. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Campion, who was unopposed.


1910 Liechtenstein general election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein in July and August 1910.


1910 Liechtenstein general election, Electors
Electors were selected through elections that were held between 23 and 28 July. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.


1910 Liechtenstein general election, Results
The election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 2 August in Vaduz. Of Oberland's 122 electors, 117 were present. Oberland elected seven Landtag members and three substitutes.


1910 Liechtenstein general election, Results
The election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 4 August in Mauren. Of Unterland's 70 electors, 69 were present. Unterland elected five Landtag members and two substitute.


1910 Liechtenstein general election, Results
Franz Schlegel did not accept his election as a Landtag member for Oberland and was replaced by Josef Gassner.


1910 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1910 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1910 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Young Irelands won the championship after a 4-02 to 4-01 defeat of Castleconnell in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1902.


1910 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 1 November 1910.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results
Comparisons are made with the 1907 election results, as the retiring councillors were elected in that year.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 9 November 1910
At the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1910, the terms of office of seventeen alderman expired.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 9 November 1910
The following seventeen were elected as Aldermen by the councillors on 9 November 1910 for a term of six years.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections, Aldermanic Election 3 May 1911
Caused by the death of Alderman Joachim Nicolas Stolterfoht (Conservative, elected as an alderman by the Council on 9 November 1907) on 8 March 1911, which was reported to the Council on 5 April 1911. In his place, Councillor Robert Edward Walkington Stephenson (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1910) was elected as an alderman by the councillors on 3 May 1911.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No.10 Low Hill, 24 November 1910
Caused by the election as an alderman of Councillor Anthony Shelmerdine (Conservative, Low Hill, elected 1 November 1909) by the Council on 9 November 1910.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 24A Sefton Park East, 2 May 1911
Caused by the death of Councillor John Japp JP (Liberal, Sefton Park East, elected 1 November 1909) on 27 March 1911, which was reported to the Council on 5 April 1911.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 24A Sefton Park East, 2 May 1911
The Term of Office to expire on 1 November 1912.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 12 Edge Hill, 27 April 1911
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Edward Whitley (Labour, elected 1 November 1910), which was reported to the Council on 5 April 1911.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 28 West Derby,  23 May 1911
Caused by the election of Councillor Robert Edward Walkington Stephenson (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1910) as an alderman by the Council on 3 May 1911.


1910 Liverpool City Council election, By-Elections, No. 13 North Scotland, 5 August 1911
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Dr. Joseph Maguire (Irish Nationalist, North Scotland, elected unopposed 1 November 1909)


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election
The Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 20 July 1910 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Kirkdale.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the death on 3 July 1910 of Charles McArthur, Kirkdale's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP). He had held the seat since a by-election in 1907, having previously been MP for Liverpool Exchange from 1897 to 1906.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Vacancy
The writ for the by-election was moved in the Commons on 12 July by Sir Alexander Acland-Hood, the MP for Wellington.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Candidates
By 5 July, rumours were circulating in Liverpool that the Conservative candidate would be Alderman Barran, but The Times newspaper reported that these were unfounded. The paper also reported that it was unlikely that a Liberal candidate would be nominated, making the election a two-contest between Labour and the Conservatives, as had been the case in the general elections of 1906 and January 1910. However, the paper noted that Liberal votes would likely be cast almost entirely for the Labour candidate, while Labour were confident that their likely candidate Alexander Gordon Cameron would attract the Protestant votes which were so significant in that area.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Candidates
On 9 July the Conservatives adopted Colonel Gerald Kyffin-Taylor as their candidate. He announced that his priority at the election would be defence of the British Empire, and he also committed himself to tariff reform, while opposing to Irish Home Rule and reform of the House of Lords.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Campaign
Kikdale was known in Liverpool as the "bedroom of the docks"; an area housing dock labourers and the poorest of the poor, as well as the skilled tradesmen who worked in the constituency's docks and shipyards. There was nothing resembling an upper class in Kirkdale, where skilled artisans and shopkeepers sat at the top of the social scale. The Times reported that while both groups deplored the passionate religious sectarianism which was rife in the poorer areas of the constituency, Kyffin-Taylor had made a strident Protestantism a main plank of his campaign.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Campaign
Cameron denounced the sectarianism, and The Times reported that despite the furious speeches on religious matters, the election was likely to be decided by whether voters preferred Kyffin-Taylor's tariff reform to  Cameron's socialism,although Cameron made little use of the term.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Campaign
The Liberals' role in the campaign was subdued, with support for the Labour candidate expressed in terms of patronage and apology. Despite Cameron's support for Home Rule, and the large number of Irish people in the constituency, there was no Irish nationalist campaign in his support, whereas many Irish Unionists addressed public meetings. The Labour campaign also lacked high-profile speakers. Ramsay MacDonald made one speech before leaving again, whereas the Conservatives had a succession of good local speakers, including all their local MPs.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Result
Polling took place on 20 July, and the count took place that evening. The result was a victory for Kyffin-Taylor, who held the seat for the Conservatives with a majority of 841 votes, or 11% of the total. This was a slight increase on McArthur's 2.8% majority in January.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Result
After the declaration, Kyffin-Taylor went to the Liverpool Conservative Club, where he described his win as a victory for Constitutionalism against Socialism, as a declaration that a Protestant country should have a Protestant king. He said that voters were tired of a government which would not look after the defences of the Empire and tired of seeing men unemployed when tariff reform could restore jobs.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Result
His speech was followed by an address from Alderman Salvidge, who denounced The Times special correspondent for preferring to have a socialist sitting in the Commons, and complained that other leading Conservative journalists had also tried to discredit Kyffin-Taylor's campaign.


1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, Aftermath
Kyffin-Taylor was re-elected at the general election in December 1910, with an increased majority. During the First World War, he was appointed to command the Artillery of the West Lancashire Division in January 1915 as a temporary colonel,and he resigned from the Commons in February 1915 due to his military commitments. In 1917 he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General.


1910 Llandeilo Rural District Council election
An election to the Llandeilo Rural District Council was held in April 1910. It was preceded by the 1907 election and followed by the 1913 election. Around half the members were elected unopposed. The successful candidates were also elected to the Llandeilo Board of Guardians.


1910 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Ward Results, Llanfynydd (two seats)
David Thomas was re-elected on the returning officer's casting vote.


1910 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Llandeilo Board of Guardians
All members of the District Council also served as members of Llandeilo Board of Guardians. A further three Guardians were elected to represent the Llandeilo Urban District.


1910 Llandeilo Rural District Council election, Llandeilo Board of Guardians
In addition, three Guardians were elected to represent the Ammanford Urban District which also lay within the remit of the Llandeilo Guardians. All three sitting members were returned although Henry Herbert, a member of the Guardians for 25 years, only secured a narrow majority over a Labour candidate.


1910 London County Council election
An election to the County Council of London took place on 5 March 1910. It was the eighth triennial election of the whole Council. The size of the council was 118 councillors and 19 aldermen. The councillors were elected for electoral divisions corresponding to the parliamentary constituencies that had been created by the Representation of the People Act 1884. There were 57 dual member constituencies and one four member constituency. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having two votes in the dual member seats.


1910 London County Council election, National government background
The Prime Minister of the day was the Liberal H. H. Asquith who led a minority Liberal Government that relied upon the Irish Parliamentary Party for a majority. A General Election had taken place a couple of months earlier in January at which the Liberals had lost their overall majority. The Conservatives and Liberal Unionists formed the official opposition. The Labour Party was the fourth party and generally voted with the Liberals in parliament.


1910 London County Council election, London Council background
The Municipal Reform party had been in power since winning a majority in 1907. It was now seeking its second mandate.


1910 London County Council election, Candidates
All constituencies were contested. The governing Municipal Reform Party ran a full slate of 118 candidates. The opposition Progressive Party ran 110 candidates. They ran candidates everywhere except the City of London where they ran three candidates, Hampstead, St George's Hanover Square and Strand where only one candidate stood, three constituencies where one candidate ran in tandem with Labour and Woolwich where they did not oppose a Labour pair. Four Independents also ran.


1910 London County Council election, Candidates, Labour Party
The party fielded ten candidates, five of these candidates ran in tandem with Progressive candidates, a further two candidates were not opposed by Progressives. The other three all stood in opposition to Progressive candidates. The Labour Party in London had no elected or otherwise recognised Leader.


1910 London County Council election, Outcome
The Municipal Reform Party was returned with its second successive majority. At the 1907 elections, they had an overall majority of 40. After that election they shared out the 9 vacant Aldermanic seats giving them an effective working majority of 43. At the 1910 elections, their overall majority was cut to just 2. After the election they decided to bolster their majority by giving themselves all 10 of the vacant Aldermanic seats. This gave them an effective working majority of 17. Two of their new Aldermanic appointments were people who had just been voted out by the electors.


1910 London to Manchester air race
The 1910 London to Manchester air race took place between two aviators, each of whom attempted to win a heavier-than-air powered flight challenge between London and Manchester. The race had first been proposed by the Daily Mail newspaper in 1906. The £10,000 prize was won in April 1910 by Frenchman Louis Paulhan.


1910 London to Manchester air race
The first to make the attempt was Claude Grahame-White, an Englishman from Hampshire. He took off from London on 23 April 1910, and made his first planned stop at Rugby. His biplane subsequently suffered engine problems, forcing him to land again, near Lichfield. High winds made it impossible for Grahame-White to continue his journey, and his aeroplane suffered further damage on the ground when it was blown over.


1910 London to Manchester air race
While Grahame-White's aeroplane was being repaired in London, Paulhan took off late on 27 April, heading for Lichfield. A few hours later Grahame-White was made aware of Paulhan's departure, and immediately set off in pursuit. The next morning, after an unprecedented night-time take-off, he almost caught up with Paulhan, but his aeroplane was overweight and he was forced to concede defeat. Paulhan reached Manchester early on 28 April, winning the challenge. Both aviators celebrated his victory at a special luncheon held at the Savoy Hotel in London.


1910 London to Manchester air race
The event marked the first long-distance aeroplane race in England, the first take-off of a heavier-than-air machine at night, and the first powered flight into Manchester from outside the city. Paulhan repeated the journey in April 1950, the fortieth anniversary of the original flight, this time as a passenger aboard a British jet fighter.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History
On 17 November 1906 the Daily Mail newspaper offered a £10,000 prize for the first aviator to fly the 185 miles (298 km) between London and Manchester, with no more than two stops, in under 24 hours. The challenge also specified that take-off and landing were to be at locations no more than 5 miles (8 km) from the newspaper's offices in those cities.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History
Powered flight was a relatively new invention, and the newspaper's proprietors were keen to stimulate the industry's growth; in 1908 they offered £1,000 for the first flight across the English Channel (won on 25 July 1909 by the French aviator Louis Blériot), and £1,000 for the first circular 1 mile (1,600 m) flight made by a British aviator in a British aeroplane (won on 30 October 1909 by the English aviator John Moore-Brabazon). In 1910, two men accepted the newspaper's 1906 challenge; an Englishman, Claude Grahame-White, and a Frenchman, Louis Paulhan.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History
Claude Grahame-White was born in 1879 in Hampshire, England. He was educated at Crondall House School in Farnham, and later at Bedford Grammar School between 1892 and 1896. Apprenticed to a local engineering firm, he later worked for his uncle Francis Willey, 1st Baron Barnby. He started his own motor vehicle business in Bradford, before travelling to South Africa to hunt big game. In 1909, inspired by Blériot's historic cross-channel flight, he went to France to learn how to fly, and by the following January he became one of the first Englishmen to obtain an aviator's certificate. He also started a flying school at Pau, which he moved to England later that year.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History
Isidore Auguste Marie Louis Paulhan, better known as Louis Paulhan, was born in 1883 in Pézenas, in the south of France. After doing military service at the balloon school at Chalais-Meudon he had worked as an assistant for Ferdinand Ferber before winning a Voisin biplane in an aircraft design competition. Paulhan taught himself to fly using this aircraft, and was awarded Aéro Club de France licence No. 10 on 17 July.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History
Paulhan was no stranger to British audiences; he competed in an early flight meeting in October 1909 at Blackpool, and shortly afterwards flew in an exhibition at the Brooklands motor racing circuit. Paulhan took part in many airshows, including several in the United States of America, and in Douai, where in July 1909 he set new records for altitude and flight duration.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
Grahame-White was the first to attempt the journey. He planned to take off at 5:00 am on 23 April 1910, near the Plumes Hotel in the London suburb of Park Royal. A crowd of journalists and interested spectators assembled there from about 4:00 am, with more arriving by car, until about 200–300 were present. The Times described the sky as "clear and starlit", and the weather as "very cold, as there was a slight frost." Grahame-White arrived at about 4:30 am and began to prepare his Farman III biplane.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
The aeroplane was brought into the field from the yard it was stored in, and its seven-cylinder 50 hp (37 kW) rotary engine was started. Once the engine warmed up, Grahame-White took his seat. Several people wished him well, including his sister, mother and Henry Farman. He guided the biplane for about 30–60 yards/metres across the frosted grass, and took off at about 5:12 am, before altering his direction to head for the start of the course—a gasometer at Wormwood Scrubs, within the required 5 miles (8 km) radius of the Daily Mail office in London.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
Cheered loudly by the thousands of spectators who anticipated his arrival, Grahame-White flew across the starting point and turned north-west toward Wembley. Standing on top of the gasometer, Harold Perrin, secretary of the Royal Aero Club, waved a flag to indicate the start of Grahame-White's attempt. By 5:35 am the aviator was over Watford, and at 6:15 am he flew over Leighton Buzzard. Crowds of cheering spectators were there to greet him as he flew above the line of the London and North Western Railway, at an altitude of about 400 feet (120 m). Meanwhile, Perrin and two mechanics from Gnome et Rhône (who supplied the engine used on the Farman III) boarded one of two cars, and were headed for Rugby. Along the way, one car took a short cut across a field and crashed into a ridge; one occupant was seriously injured.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
He was reported to be 'blue with cold and [he] walked rather painfully for a few moments. He tried to smile in answer to the cheers with which he was greeted. His hands were numbed and his teeth were chattering. He asked for food and a fire, saying "I am starving". Lady Denbigh, who was present with Lord Denbigh, lent him her muff, and another lady put some furs round his neck.'


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
The Times (1910), reporting on Grahame-White's condition upon landing at Rugby.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
Grahame-White made his first stop in Rugby just after 7:15 am. One of the cars that left London arrived about 10 minutes before he landed, and his mechanics attended to his aeroplane. News of his take-off in London reached the area, and a large crowd gathered; they were kept from the aeroplane by a group of boy scouts. Grahame-White was taken to nearby Gellings Farm, where he drank coffee and ate biscuits, and told those present about his journey. "It was wretchedly cold all the way ... and I was cold at the start. My eyes suffered towards the end, and my fingers were quite numbed." Grahame-White's average speed was estimated at more than 40 miles per hour (64 km/h); a few of the vehicles following him from London did not arrive until some time after his descent.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
He took off again at about 8:25 am, but was unable to reach his next scheduled stop at Crewe. About 30 miles (50 km) outside Rugby a problem with the engine's inlet valves forced him to land in a field at Hademore, 4 miles (6 km) outside of Lichfield—about 115 miles (190 km) into the 185 miles (298 km) journey. On landing, he damaged a skid, and his mechanics were telegraphed for. While the necessary repairs were being made, Grahame-White ate lunch and then slept for a few hours, looked after by his mother, who had arrived by car. Meanwhile, a large crowd of interested spectators gathered, and the farmer who owned the field charged them for admission. Soldiers from a nearby barracks kept the public from getting too close to the biplane.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Grahame-White's first attempt
As the sun fell the wind grew in strength, and at 7:00 pm Grahame-White conceded that the high winds made any further progress impossible. He decided to try again at 3:00 am, hoping to reach Manchester by the 5:15 am deadline, but at 3:30 am he abandoned the attempt, and said that he would travel to Manchester and try again from there. He ordered the soldiers to peg the aeroplane down, but his instructions were ignored; the next night it was blown over by strong winds and severely damaged.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
Grahame-White's biplane was returned to London, and on 25 April was being repaired at Wormwood Scrubs, in the Daily Mail's hangar. Paulhan arrived at Dover from California, where he performed exhibition flights. Another competitor, Emile Dubonnet, also formally entered the contest, and was due to try a few days later. On 27 April 1910 Paulhan's biplane (a newer model than Grahame-White's) was brought to Hendon, on the site of what is now the London branch of the Royal Air Force Museum.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
It was assembled in less than 11 hours, and at 5:21 pm that day Paulhan took off for Hampstead Cemetery, his official starting line. He arrived there ten minutes later, flew on to Harrow, and began to follow the route of the London and North Western Railway. The railway company prepared for the event by whitewashing the sleepers of the correct line for the competitors to follow. Paulhan was followed by a special train, on board which were Mme. Paulhan and Henry Farman. Other members of his party followed by car.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
Grahame-White attempted to make a test flight earlier that day, but the huge crowds hampered his efforts, and he was unable to take off. Having spent two days supervising the reconstruction of his aeroplane, he retired to a nearby hotel. At about 6:10 pm he was awakened with the news that Paulhan had begun his attempt, and he decided to set off in pursuit. This time he had no trouble clearing a space in the crowd. His biplane's engine was started, and by 6:29 pm he passed the starting line.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
Almost an hour later he flew over Leighton Buzzard, just as Paulhan was passing over Rugby. As night approached, Grahame-White landed his aeroplane in a field near the railway line at Roade, in Northamptonshire. Fifteen minutes later, Paulhan reached Lichfield, where about 117 miles (188 km) into his journey he ran out of fuel. He managed to land the biplane in a field near Trent Valley railway station. The aeroplane was pegged down, and Paulhan left with his colleagues to stay overnight at a nearby hotel. Grahame-White meanwhile stayed at the house of a Dr. Ryan. Both aviators intended to restart at 3:00 am the following day.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
I shouted and I sang. I do not think my voice is particularly fascinating, but nobody seems to mind that in the upper air. A pelting rainstorm lashed me for twenty minutes while I was in the neighborhood of Rugby. Fortunately I am not unused to flying in the rain, and, therefore, although it was uncomfortable, it had no effect upon my flight. I kept on flying at a steady pace, although my altitude varied remarkably.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
Still about 60 miles (100 km) behind the Frenchman, Grahame-White made a historic decision; he would make an unprecedented night flight. Guided by the headlamps of his party's cars, he took off at 2:50 am. Within minutes of becoming airborne however, he almost crashed; while he was leaning forward to make himself comfortable, his jacket brushed the engine ignition switch and he accidentally turned the engine off, but he quickly corrected his error and was able to continue.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
Using the lights of railway stations to guide his course through the pitch black night, within 40 minutes he reached Rugby, and at 3:50 am he passed Nuneaton. Despite making good progress, Grahame-White was carrying a large load of fuel and oil, and his engine was not powerful enough to raise the aeroplane over the high ground before him. Disappointed, he landed at Polesworth, about  107 miles (172 km) from London, and only 10 miles (16 km) behind Paulhan. A few minutes later the Frenchman, unaware of Grahame-White's progress, resumed his journey.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Paulhan's attempt
He passed Stafford at 4:45 am, Crewe at 5:20 am, and at 5:32 am he landed at Barcicroft Fields near Didsbury, within 5 miles (8 km) of the Manchester office of the Daily Mail, thereby winning the contest. His party was taken by train to a civic reception, held by the Lord Mayor of Manchester. Grahame-White was notified of Paulhan's success, and reportedly shouted "Ladies and gentlemen, the £10,000 prize has been won by Louis Paulhan, the finest aviator that the world has ever seen. Compared with him I am only a novice. Three cheers for Paulhan!" He retired to bed, leaving his mechanics to repair his aeroplane, and later sent Paulhan a telegram, congratulating his rival on his achievement. Grahame-White attempted to resume his journey to Manchester, and reached Tamworth, but he later abandoned the flight.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Presentation
Paulhan was presented with his prize—a golden casket containing a cheque for £10,000—on 30 April 1910, during a luncheon at the Savoy Hotel in London. The event was presided over by the editor of the Daily Mail, Thomas Marlowe (in lieu of Lord Northcliffe) and attended by, among others, French ambassador Paul Cambon. Grahame-White was given a consolation prize of an inscribed white-silver bowl, filled with red and white roses.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Presentation
I am in England for the second time, and I must say in no country that I have visited have I ever received a more cordial welcome. I believe sincerely that the victory I have won belongs of right to your brilliant and courageous compatriot Mr. Grahame-White. [ Cheers.] I am proud to have had him as my rival in this battle of the air.


1910 London to Manchester air race, History, Presentation
In the name of the aviators both of France and of all the other countries I offer my congratulations to the great English journal, the Daily Mail, which, by its magnificent prizes, has given an inestimable stimulus to the science of aviation, and has thus contributed more than any other agency to the conquest of the air.


1910 London to Manchester air race, Legacy
The events of 27–28 April constituted the world's first long-distance air race, and also marked the first night-time take-off of a heavier-than-air machine; Grahame-White's decision proved that night-time take-off, flight and navigation were possible, provided that the pilot was able to relate his position to the ground. Grahame-White did this with the help of friends, one of whom shone his car's headlamps onto the wall of a public house. Paulhan's arrival in Didsbury was the first powered flight into Manchester from any point outside the city. His achievement is commemorated by a blue plaque, fixed to the front wall of 25–27 Paulhan Road, a pair of 1930s semi-detached houses near the site of his landing.


1910 London to Manchester air race, Legacy
Within weeks of Paulhan's victory, the Daily Mail offered a new prize; £10,000 to the first aviator to cover a 1,000-mile (1,609-km) circuit of Britain in a single day, with 11 compulsory stops at fixed intervals. The challenge was completed by M Beaumont on 26 July 1911, in about 22½ hours. Paulhan and Grahame-White competed again later in 1910, for the newspaper's prize of £1,000 for the greatest aggregate cross-country flight, which Paulhan won.


1910 London to Manchester air race, Legacy
The flight's 25th anniversary was celebrated at the Aero Club of France, in Paris, on 16 January 1936. Present at the banquet were Paulhan and Grahame-White, along with the French Air Minister Victor Denain, Prince George Valentin Bibescu (President of the FAI), Harold Perrin, and a number of other notable dignitaries as well as early aviators and constructors such as Farman, Voisin, Breguet, Caudron, Bleriot and Anzani.


1910 London to Manchester air race, Legacy
Although by then retired from flying, on 28 April 1950—the fortieth anniversary of the 1910 flight—Paulhan repeated the journey from London to Manchester, this time as a passenger on board a Gloster Meteor T7, the two-seater training variant of the first British jet fighter. After travelling at 400 mph (644 km/h), the 67-year-old Frenchman said "C'était magnifique ... It was all I ever dreamed of in aviation—no propellers, no vibration." The Daily Mail entertained him at the Royal Aero Club in London, where he was accompanied by his former rival, Claude Grahame-White.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field
Coordinates: The Los Angeles International Air Meet (January 10 to January 20, 1910) was among the earliest airshows in the world and the first major airshow in the United States. It was held in Los Angeles County, California, at Dominguez Field, southwest of the Dominguez Rancho Adobe in present-day Rancho Dominguez, California. Spectator turnout numbered approximately 254,000 over 11 days of ticket sales. The Los Angeles Times called it "one of the greatest public events in the history of the West."


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles' place among the earliest airshows
While it is well documented that Wilbur and Orville Wright first flew on December 17, 1903, the early 1900s saw several competing claims to have made the first practical airplane. The Wrights filed for a patent on their flying machine on March 23, 1903, and Patent Number 821393 is dated May 22, 1906. They moved their flying north east of Dayton to a 100-acre field called Huffman Prairie and continued to develop their aircraft design. The year 1908 saw the Wrights' first publicized demonstration flights.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles' place among the earliest airshows
On August 8, 1908, at the Hunaudières track near Le Mans, France, the Wrights silenced European doubters. In a first demonstration lasting only one minute 45 seconds, Wilbur Wright's effortless banking turns and ability to fly in a circle amazed and stunned onlookers, including several French aviation pioneers, among them Louis Blériot.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles' place among the earliest airshows
Several airshows featuring competitions, aircraft makers, and pilots were held in 1909, including ones at Frankfurt in Germany and Reims, France. The Frankfurt airshow, which began in July 1909 (now named Internationale Luft- und Raumfahrtausstellung (ILA)) claims to be the world's first such multi-participant show. The Grande Semaine d'Aviation in Reims took place during August 1909, and attracted by over half a million spectators. Shortly after the Reims airshow, Charles Willard and A. Roy Knabenshue resolved to stage the first such show in the United States, targeting the winter of 1909 - 1910 for its occurrence.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles preparations
Knabenshue and Willard selected the Los Angeles, California, area for its favorable winter weather. After receiving a promise of participation from Glenn Curtiss, Knabenshue contacted Los Angeles promoter Dick Ferris, who in turn mobilized local businesses and formed an organizing committee.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles preparations
A field near Santa Anita Park was considered, but physical obstructions such as tall trees led the aviators to search elsewhere. By December 1909, they selected Dominguez Field atop a small hill that had been developed by Manuel Dominguez on land once part of Rancho San Pedro, an early Spanish land grant.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles preparations
Once the site was finalised, promotion of the meet began and grandstands with a capacity of between 50,000 and 60,000 were erected. An aviators' camp was also constructed nearby. The passenger platform at the local Pacific Electric Railway station was expanded to accommodate visitors to the rural site who might travel from downtown Los Angeles.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Early airshows and preparations for Los Angeles, Los Angeles preparations
Organizers invited pilots of monoplanes, biplanes, balloons, and dirigibles. To reinforce the event's "international" billing, French aviator Louis Paulhan, a notable from the 1909 Reims meet, was invited. Paulhan was guaranteed a small sum of money as encouragement to attend. Cash prizes were allotted for competitive events in altitude, speed, and endurance.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants
The 1910 Air Meet drew many famous aviators, most of whom were American. Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer and founder of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company was the most famous. Other participants included Roy Knabenshue, Charles Willard, Lincoln Beachey and Charles K. Hamilton, Howard Warfield Gill, and Clifford B. Harmon, many of whom are listed among the Early Birds of Aviation. French aviators at the event included Louis Paulhan and Didier Masson.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants
The Wright brothers did not take part in the event, but were there with their lawyers in an attempt to prevent Paulhan and Curtiss from flying. The Wrights claimed that the ailerons on their aircraft infringed patents. Notwithstanding their allegations, Paulhan and Curtis still made flights.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants
Paulhan gave William Randolph Hearst his first experience of flight. However, William Boeing, who had been enthused by the new invention of the airplane, was unable to get a ride on any aircraft at the air meet:


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants
While attending the first American Air Meet in Los Angeles, Boeing asked nearly every aviator for a ride, but no one said yes except Louis Paulhan. For three days Boeing waited, but on the 4th day he discovered Paulhan had already left the meet. Possibly, one of the biggest missed opportunities in Paulhan's life was the ride he never gave Boeing.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants
As part of the larger Wright brothers' patent cases, the Wrights actually won monetary damages in U.S. courts for Paulhan's public performances that day.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants, Local creations
In addition to the aviators billed in the event's programs, there were many hobbyists and inventors wishing to make a name for themselves in the new aviation industry. A $1500 prize for a locally designed and built machine that successfully flew helped to ensure a high turn-out from California inventors and would-be aviators. Some of these were close copies or modifications on already successful designs, like the Bleriot monoplane or Curtiss biplane, but some were truly original creations in every sense of the word.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants, Local creations
One of the more unusual was Los Angeles resident James Slough Zerbe's so-called "Multi-plane," a construction which boasted five separate "planes" of wings attached to an elaborate chassis. Unfortunately for Zerbe, his creation hit a hole in the field and collapsed during take-off, ruining several of the wings and making flight impossible.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants, Local creations
Zerbe was also responsible for the creation of a "double biplane" for W.J. Davis. This machine consisted of "four decks of equal size, arranged two fore and two aft" and two propellers.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants, Local creations
A.E. Mueller, another Los Angeles resident, created an aircraft which was so large for the time that it was dubbed "Mueller’s Monster" by the LA Times, who stated that it was "by far the largest aeroplane in existence". The plane measured seventy-five feet long by fifty feet wide, had a 600 lb (270 kg)., 50 horsepower (37 kW) engine, and weighed around a ton. Mueller believed that by creating such a heavy machine he would be able to avoid "the necessity of delicate balancing in light wind currents."


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Participants, Local creations
J.H. Klassen, also of Los Angeles, constructed a gyroplane for the contest, as well as entering a monoplane. His design, described by the LA Times as "quite novel", consisted of "two 12-foot circular planes in the front, and two 8-foot planes in the rear." Klassen hoped that the "gyroscopic motion of the revolving planes" would aid greatly in the craft's stability in the air.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Attendance
An estimated 254,000 tickets were sold, and gate receipts were roughly $137,500. During the time the meet was running, streetcars ran to Dominguez Fields every 2 minutes from the Pacific Electric station in Los Angeles. The great crowd turn-out, averaging more than 20,000 spectators per day, made it possible to return $1.25 to "the subscribers to the aviation fund for every dollar advanced". Probably not the only future-notable person to see the show, 9-year-old Florence Leontine Lowe, later better known as "Pancho" Barnes, was brought by her grandfather, aviation pioneer Thaddeus S. C. Lowe. It was here that she was inspired to begin her own later career in aviation. By the end of the event, the backer announced a profit of $60,000 after disbursing prize money.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Competitive events
Aviators competed for the $75,000 in prizes according to a standard procedure. The aviators would first "notify the judges for which prize they [were] about to compete" and then fly around the 1.61-mile (2.59 km) course, always in an anti-clockwise direction. Aviators were informed that they "must not fly over the grand stand or any place where a crowd is assembled without permission of the judges." Violators of this rule were penalised.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Competitive events
All flights taking place between 2 p.m. and sunset counted towards scoring for prizes. Aviators were encouraged to fly as many times per day as possible, and to make as many record attempts in the competitive events as possible. In fact, those contestants who "do not make a flight every day between the hours of two and five o'clock p. m. of one complete circuit of the course in competition for the speed or endurance competitions will be penalized five per cent of their best time for the prize." Only the best time was counted during the judging at the end of the meet.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Competitive events
Ballooning competitions and events were also held in the Los Angeles suburb of Huntington Park throughout the week. These events included attempts to reach a new altitude record and passenger flights.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Prizes offered
The following prizes were offered at the air meet. All prices are given in 1910 US dollars.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Prize winners
Paulhan dominated the Dominguez meet, winning $19,000 in prize money with the following accomplishments:


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Prize winners
He also performed several aerial feats during the week, and carried U.S. Army 1st Lieutenant Paul W. Beck aloft on January 19 for one of the first tests of aerial bomb-dropping.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, The event, Prize winners
Glenn Curtiss set a new air speed record of approximately 55 miles per hour (89 kilometers per hour), and took home the prize for the best quick start. In all, he won approximately $6,500.


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Historical Landmark
The site of Dominguez Field became a California Historical Landmark (No. 718) on Dec. 2, 1959. The commemorative plaque near the site reads:


1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Historical Landmark
About one half mile southeast of this spot, on Dominguez Hill in historic Rancho San Pedro, the first air meet in the United States was held during January 10–20, 1910. Subsequently, this area has evolved into one of the world's leading aviation-industrial centers.


1910 Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1910 Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Industrial Institute—now known as Louisiana Tech University—as an independent during the 1910 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Percy S. Prince, Louisiana Industrial compiled a record of 7–0.


1910 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1910 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1910 college football season. The team compiled a 4–1–2 record. William Parker was the team captain.


1910 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1910 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 12, 1910.


1910 Maine gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Bert M. Fernald was defeated for re-election by Democratic candidate Frederick W. Plaisted.


1910 Maine gubernatorial election
Plaisted was the first Democrat elected Governor of Maine since his father, Harris M. Plaisted, who won election as a Greenback-Democrat fusion candidate in 1880.


1910 Major League Baseball season
The 1910 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 14 to October 23, 1910. The Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Athletics were the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. The Athletics then defeated the Cubs in the World Series, four games to one.


1910 Manitoba general election
The 1910 Manitoba general election was held on July 11, 1910 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.


1910 Manitoba general election
The result was a fourth consecutive majority government for the Conservative Party of Manitoba, led by premier Rodmond Roblin. Roblin's electoral machine won 28 seats, against 13 for the opposition Manitoba Liberal Party under new leader Tobias Norris.


1910 Manitoba general election
The Manitoba Labour Party ran a single candidate: Fred Dixon, who was almost elected in Winnipeg Centre with unofficial support from the Liberal Party. Many believe that Dixon was defeated by the Socialist Party's decision to field a candidate against him. The Socialists ran two other candidates in Winnipeg, and both were defeated.


1910 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
Killarney (George Lawrence appointed to cabinet, October 11, 1911), October 23, 1911:


1910 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
Manitou (res. Robert Rogers, October 10, 1911), October 31, 1911:


1910 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
St. Boniface (Joseph Bernier appointed to cabinet, 1913), May 22, 1913:


1910 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
Kildonan and St. Andrews (res. Orton Grain, 1913), November 29, 1913:


1910 Marquette Blue and Gold football team
The 1910 Marquette Blue and Gold football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. Under head coach William Juneau, Marquette compiled a 6–1–2 record and outscored its opponents 267 to 11. Marquette's sole loss was a 2–3 decision against Michigan Agricultural, which would finish 6–1.


1910 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1910 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall College (now Marshall University) in the 1910 college football season. Marshall posted a 5–1–1 record, outscoring its opposition 91–14. Home games were played on a campus field called "Central Field" which is presently Campus Commons.


1910 Maryland Aggies football team
The 1910 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (later part of the University of Maryland) in the 1910 college football season. The Aggies compiled a 4–3–1 record, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents, 73 to 42. The team defeated Washington Central High School from the District of Columbia (12–0), the University of Richmond (20–0), Catholic University (21–0), and George Washington University (6–0), tied with Johns Hopkins (14–14), and lost its final three games against VMI (0–8), St. John's College (0–6), and McDaniel College (3–17). Royal Alston served as the team's head coach in his first and only season in that capacity.


1910 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1910 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1910 college football season. The team was coached by Willard Gildersleeve and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1910 season was Gildersleeve's only as head coach of the Aggies. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1–6–2.


1910 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1910 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Incumbent Republican Governor Eben S. Draper was defeated for re-election to a third term by former Republican Eugene Foss, running as a Democrat.


1910 Massachusetts legislature
The 131st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1910 during the governorship of Eben Sumner Draper. Allen T. Treadway served as president of the Senate and Joseph Walker served as speaker of the House.


1910 Mercer Baptists football team
The 1910 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1910 college football season.


1910 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on June 26 and July 10, 1910. The contested election instigated the beginning of the Mexican Revolution and preceded the end of the 35-year period of Mexican history known as the Porfiriato.


1910 Mexican general election, Context
Porfirio Díaz had been elected as President of Mexico six times prior to 1910 without fair elections and ruled as dictator. The 1910 election was intended to be the first free election of the Porfiriato, but after opposition leader Francisco I. Madero appeared poised to upset the Porfirian regime, Madero was arrested and imprisoned before the election was held. Despite Madero's popularity, Diaz was controversially announced as the election winner with almost 99% of the votes.


1910 Mexican general election, Context
The rigged election was not recognized by Madero who published the Plan of San Luis Potosí in October 1910 that served to incite the Mexican Revolution.


1910 Miami Redskins football team
The 1910 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University  as an independent during the 1910 college football season. Led by coach Harold Iddings in his second and final year, Miami compiled a 2–4–1 record.


1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In their eighth year under head coach Chester Brewer, the Aggies compiled a 6–1 record and outscored their opponents 168 to 8. Ion Cortright was the team captain. The season was regarded as the best in Michigan Agricultural football history up to that point.


1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The Aggies' 62 to 0 victory over Olivet College constituted the program's largest margin of victory since 104 to 0 victory over Hillsdale College in 1904.


1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On October 15, 1910, the Aggies lost to Michigan by a 6 to 3 score at Ferry Field. Michigan had a 3–0–1 record in the four prior meetings, outscoring the Aggies by a combined total of 204 to 0. Prior to the Michigan game, the M. A. C. student body adopted the slogan, "On to Michigan."


1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After a scoreless first half, the Aggies blocked two Michigan punts in the third quarter. On the second occasion, Michigan kicked from its 50-yard line, and the low punt was blocked and rolled to Michigan's 12-yard line where the Aggies' left tackle Campbell recovered the ball. After Michigan stopped two runs, the Aggies' right halfback, Hill, kicked a field goal from the 21-yard line. The Aggies' maintained a 3–0 into the fourth quarter. With less than five minutes left in the game, Michigan's Shorty McMillan completed a pass to Stanley Borleske who ran 50 yards to the Aggies' 15-yard line.


1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Don Green then carried the ball to the three-yard line. Due to a penalty, the Wolverines had five unsuccessful chances to score the touchdown after advancing to the three-yard line. Michigan then lined up for a field goal, but the play was a fake. Green took the snap from center and ran for the touchdown. Conklin kicked the extra point, and Michigan won by a score of 6 to 3.


1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After the game, Coach Yost praised the Michigan Agricultural team as "remarkably strong."


1910 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1910 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1910 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Curry Hicks, the Normalites compiled a record of 0–5–1 and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 68 to 11. Carleton H. Runciman was the team captain. The 11 points scored by the team remains the Eastern Michigan record for fewest points scored in a season.


1910 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The team played its home games on a field that is now occupied by McKenny Union and a second field located on the campus mall between the Briggs Building and the Strong Building.


1910 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team, Players
The following 12 individuals received varsity letters for their participation on the 1910 Michigan State Normal football team.


1910 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1910 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1910 college football season. The team's head coach was Fielding H. Yost in his 10th season at Michigan. While playing a schedule that included some of the best teams in the country, Michigan compiled an undefeated 3–0–3 record and outscored opponents 29 to 9. Early in the season, the Wolverines defeated a Michigan Agricultural Aggies team that compiled a record of 6–0 and outscored opponents other than Michigan 165 to 2 (including a 17–0 victory over Notre Dame).


1910 Michigan Wolverines football team
The Wolverines tied a Penn team that compiled a 9–1–1 record in 1910 while outscoring opponents 184 to 19. They also tied an Ohio State team that finished the season with a 6–1–3 record and outscored opponents 182 to 27 and a Case team that handed Ohio State its only defeat. In the final game of the season, Michigan shut out an undefeated Minnesota team that had outscored its previous opponents 179 to 0.


1910 Michigan Wolverines football team
On defense, the 1910 Wolverines did not give up a touchdown all season, shut out the final three opponents, and gave up an average of 1.5 points per game. At the end of the season, the team was recognized as the champions of the west.