190th Street station, Station layout, Entrances and exits
The northern elevation contains three small arches, of which the center arch contained a doorway into the head house. The southern elevation is abutted by stone stairs leading down to the station's elevators and a play area within Fort Tryon Park. A lamppost and a steel sign with the word "SUBWAY" is located on the sidewalk of Fort Washington Avenue at the top of these stairs.


190th Street station, Station layout, Elevators
The station maintains three elevators from the mezzanine in one tower at its eastern end, and has done so since its opening. The elevators lead upward to the basement of the Fort Washington Avenue head house. The head house basement contains brick walls and a concrete floor and ceiling, and formerly contained a token booth. The elevators were formerly only open during the daytime, and required the payment of a fare to use since the fare control for both street entrances to the station was originally located just inside the street doors.


190th Street station, Station layout, Elevators
Since 1957, the elevators have been available for use by pedestrians going between Bennett Avenue and Fort Washington Avenue without paying a fare; a similar situation exists at 181st Street, the next station downtown, as well as at 191st Street, on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. The elevators to the mezzanine still utilize elevator operators, one of the few stations in the system to do so.


190th Street station, Station layout, Elevators
The station is not compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and thus cannot be used by passengers with wheelchairs, because access from the fare control area to the platforms is only possible via stairways. Additionally, the elevators as well as the free out-of-system traverse between Fort Washington and Bennett Avenues are not ADA-compliant for wheelchair users either (unlike at 181st Street), since the entrance to the former is only accessible by several flights of stairs, and another smaller staircase exists between the end of the passageway and the Bennett Avenue exit. There is a staircase available in case of an emergency.


191
Year 191 (CXCI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Bradua (or, less frequently, year 944 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 191 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


191 (number)
191 (one hundred [and] ninety-one) is the natural number following 190 and preceding 192.


191 BC
Year 191 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nasica and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 563 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 191 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


191 Kolga
191 Kolga (minor planet designation: 191 Kolga) is a large, dark main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer C. H. F. Peters on September 30, 1878, in Clinton, New York. It is named after Kolga, the daughter of Ægir in Norse mythology.


191 Kolga
In 2009, Photometric observations of this asteroid were made at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The resulting light curve shows a synodic rotation period of 17.625 ± 0.004 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in magnitude. Previous independent studies produced inconsistent results that differ from this finding.


191 North Wacker
191 North Wacker is a 516 ft (157m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was constructed from 2000 to 2002 and has 37 floors, 14 elevators, and 737,759 square feet of floor space. Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates designed the building, which is the 77th tallest in Chicago. Tenants include LSC Communications.


191 Peachtree Tower
One Ninety One Peachtree Tower is a 235 m (771 ft) 50-story skyscraper in Atlanta, Georgia. Designed by Johnson/Burgee Architects and Kendall/Heaton Associates Inc, the building was completed in 1990 and is the fourth tallest in the city, winning the BOMA Building of the Year Awards the next year, repeating in 1998 and 2003.


191 Peachtree Tower, Tenants and history
Throughout the 1990s 191 Peachtree was considered Atlanta's premier business address. However, when two of its largest tenants, law firm King & Spalding, and Wachovia moved to Midtown's new 1180 Peachtree and Atlantic Station respectively in 2006, most of the building was left vacant. That same year, Cousins Properties purchased the building from Equity Office Properties, which marked a return to 191 for the company as it helped originally develop the building.


191 Peachtree Tower, Tenants and history
Cousins relocated their headquarters to the building, signed a number of small tenants to subdivided space and in January 2008, signed an agreement with Deloitte to extend and expand the consulting firm's current lease from 100,000 to 260,000 sq ft (9,300 to 24,200 m2), bringing the building back to 87 percent occupancy.


191 Peachtree Tower, Tenants and history
The building is located on the former site of the Hotel Majestic, which in the early 20th century was one of the city's major hotels.


191 Peachtree Tower, Design
The building was originally proposed in July 1987 at 48 floors. The building's facade is made of flame finished Rosa Dante granite and the windows are made of gray tinted glass. Each "tower" possesses a rooftop crown that is illuminated at night. The lighted double crown figured prominently in night footage filmed by helicopter during the 1996 Olympics. The primary entrance to the building is through a soaring 102-foot (7 stories / 31 m) tall atrium adjacent to Peachtree Street in Downtown Atlanta.


1910
1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1910th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 910th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 10th  year of the 20th century, and the  1st   year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1910, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1910 AAA Championship Car season
The 1910 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 19 races, beginning in Atlanta, Georgia on May 5 and concluding in Long Island, New York on October 1. The de facto National Champion as poled by the American automobile journal Motor Age was Ray Harroun. Points were not awarded by the AAA Contest Board during the 1910 season. Champions of the day were decided by Chris G. Sinsabaugh, an editor at Motor Age, based on merit and on track performance. The points table was created retroactively in 1927 – all championship results should be considered unofficial.


1910 AAA Championship Car season, Schedule and results
* All events run concurrently; starting times were: Vanderbilt 6:00 AM, Wheatley Hills 7:00 AM, Massapequa 7:30 AM


1910 AAA Championship Car season, Leading National Championship standings
The points paying system for the 1909–1915 and 1917–1919 season were retroactively applied in 1927 and revised in 1951 using the points system from 1920.


1910 Aberdare Urban District Council election
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.


1910 Aberdare Urban District Council election
There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward). Originally, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis, but from 1904 an additional member was granted to each ward, resulting in the election of ten members, out of a total of twenty, every three years. At the intervening election, one member continued to be elected.


1910 Aberdare Urban District Council election
An election was held in April 1910. It was preceded by the 1909 election and followed by the 1910 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1907 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1913.


1910 Akron Indians season
The 1910 Akron Indians season was their third season in existence. The team played in the Ohio League and posted a 6–2 record.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1910 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 18th overall and 15th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA). The team was led by head coach Guy Lowman, in his first year, and played their home games at the University of Alabama Quad in Tuscaloosa and the Birmingham Fairgrounds in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4–4 overall, 0–4 in the SIAA).


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
After Alabama opened the season with shutouts over both Birmingham College and the Marion Military Institute, the Crimsons lost four consecutive games to SIAA opponents by a margin of 104–0. The squad rebounded with a 5–3 victory over Tulane at New Orleans and a 9–0 victory over Washington and Lee to finish the season with an overall record of 4–4.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Before the season
In March 1910, J. W. H. Pollard announced his resignation as head football coach and athletic director, and took the same positions at Washington and Lee University. After several months of searching for a replacement, in August the University's Committee on Athletics hired Guy Lowman from the University of Missouri to serve as both head football coach and athletic director. With his hiring, many expected him to successfully guide the football team through what was viewed as its toughest schedule in school history.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Before the season
The team reported for its first practice on September 10, and at that time six players returned with at least one season of experience with he Crimson and White. At the start of practice, coach Lowman identified as the teams weakest positions being the linemen and backs.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Birmingham College
Alabama opened the season with this 25–0 victory over Birmingham College (now Birmingham–Southern College) at Tuscaloosa. After a scoreless first quarter where Birmingham unsuccessfully tries several trick plays, Alabama scored 22 second quarter points. After a safety, the Crimsons scored their first touchdown of the season on an Adrian Van de Graaff run to take a 7–0 lead. After a Lambert touchdown run, Van de Graaff scored his second touchdown of the game, and after a 20-yard Farley Moody field goal Alabama led 22–0 at halftime. A second half Moody field goal made the final score 25–0. The victory brought Alabama's all-time record against Birmingham College to 1–0.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Marion Military Institute
After a victory over Birmingham College to open the season, Alabama won its second game 26–0 against the Marion Military Institute at Tuscaloosa. In the game, Robert Bumgardner scored three touchdowns with Adrian Van de Graaff scoring the fourth on a 70-yard run in the victory. The victory brought Alabama's all-time record against the Marion Military Institute to 2–0.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia
Against the Georgia Bulldogs, Alabama lost its first game of the season 22–0 before 12,000 fans at Birmingham. After a scoreless first quarter, Georgia scored second-quarter touchdowns on runs by W. F. McClelland and Robert MacWhorter to take an 11–0 halftime lead. In the third quarter, the Bulldogs scored on a 25-yard MacWhorter run and in the fourth on a 75-yard J. F. Slater fumble returned for a touchdown to make the final score 22–0. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 3–3–3.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Against the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, Alabama lost its second game of the season 36–0 at Tuscaloosa. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 1–3.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss
Against the Ole Miss Rebels, Alabama suffered its third loss of the season 16–0 at Greenville. Fran Shields scored the only points of the first half on his touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second half, Alonzo Lee scored on an 11-yard run and Steve Mitchell scored on a 10-yard run in the fourth to give the Rebels the 16–0 victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Ole Miss to 4–2–1.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Sewanee
Against the Sewanee Tigers, Alabama lost its fourth consecutive game 30–0 at Birmingham. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Sewanee to 1–6.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane
Against the Tulane Green Wave, Alabama ended their four-game losing streak after they defeated the Greenies 5–3 at New Orleans. Alabama led 2–0 at halftime with their only points coming on a first quarter safety, which occurred after a Tulane player tried to return a missed Alabama field goal. After Tulane took a 3–2 lead in the third, Farley Moody kicked a 20-yard, game-winning field goal for Alabama. The victory brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 3–2–1.


1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Washington and Lee
Against the Washington and Lee Generals, Alabama closed their season with a 9–0 victory at Birmingham. After a scoreless first half, Alabama took a 9–0 lead in the second half after three successful Farley Moody field goals. The victory also marked the return of former Alabama head coach J. W. H. Pollard, who resigned his position with the Crimsons to take the head coaching position with the Generals in the spring of 1910. The victory is Alabama's only all-time matchup against Washington and Lee.


1910 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1910 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1910, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Democratic incumbent B. B. Comer was term-limited, and could not seek a second consecutive term.


1910 All England Badminton Championships
The 1910 All England Open Badminton Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, England from March 2 to March 6, 1910.


1910 All England Badminton Championships
After seven years at the London Rifle Brigade's headquarters the Championships switched to a new venue at the Royal Horticultural Hall which provided five courts. There were just six entries for the women's singles, which saw Meriel Lucas win her sixth singles title. Frank Chesterton successfully defended his singles title.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 24th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Louth were the winners, receiving a walkover from Kerry in the final.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Format
The four provincial championships were played as usual; the four champions joined London in the All-Ireland championship.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
By the time the semi-final was to be played, the Leinster championship was not finished, so Dublin were nominated to represent Leinster. When Louth beat Dublin in the Leinster final, they were given Dublin's place in the All-Ireland semi-final.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
1 The final was scratched and Louth were awarded the championship after Kerry refused to travel to Dublin as the Great Southern and Western Railway would not sell tickets to their fans at reduced rates.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 23rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Louth received a walkover, because Kerry refused to play after the Great Southern and Western Railway would not sell tickets to their fans at reduced rates.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1910 was the 24th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Wexford won the championship, beating Limerick 7-0 to 6-2 in the final.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Quarter-finals: (2 matches) These are two lone matches that see the Leinster representatives play London and the Ulster representatives play Glasgow. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advance to the semi-finals.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The two winning teams from the quarter-finals join the Connacht and Munster representatives to make up the semi-final pairings. The two quarter-final-winning teams play in one semi-final while the second semi-final is a Connacht-Munster game. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advance to the All-Ireland final.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game with the winners being declared All-Ireland champions.


1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the twenty-third All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1910 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Wexford were the winners.


1910 All-Western college football team
The 1910 All-Western college football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Western teams chosen by various selectors for the 1910 college football season.


1910 All-Western college football team, Key
Bold = consensus choice by a majority of the selectors


1910 Allan Cup
The 1910 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1909-10 season. The Allan Cup title was held by Queen's Golden Gaels and the Toronto St. Michael's Majors. Queen's won its league and a challenge before losing to Toronto, who successfully defended the title against Sherbrooke.


1910 Allan Cup, OUA Finals
For the right to accept challenge from the champions of other leagues, the 1909 Allan Cup champions from Queen's University had to win the Ontario University Athletics final, or the winner would carry on for them. Played in Ottawa, Ontario.


1910 Allan Cup, First challenge
First challenge game for Cup this year is Ottawa Cliffsides vs Queen's (at Kingston) on March 12, 1910, won by Queen's 6-3.


1910 Allan Cup, Second challenge
Queen's University received a challenge from the Toronto St. Michael's Majors of the OHA Senior Hockey League. Played in Kingston, Ontario.


1910 Allan Cup, Second challenge, Results
Toronto St. Michael's Majors becomes second Allan Cup champion for 1910.


1910 Allan Cup, Third challenge
Toronto St. Michael's Majors received a challenge from Sherbrooke of the St. Lawrence Hockey League. Played in Toronto, Ontario.


1910 Allan Cup, Third challenge, Results
With no more challengers accepted in time to play, the Majors are co-winners of the 1910 Allan Cup along with Queen's as winner of its league and challenge winner.


1910 American Cup
The 1910 American Cup was the annual open cup held by the American Football Association. Twenty-nine teams entered the competition. Tacony F.C. became champions of this edition after defeating the Scottish Americans 2-1 in the final round.


1910 American Grand Prize
The 1910 American Grand Prize was a Grand Prix auto race held on closed public roads outside Savannah, Georgia on November 12, 1910. It was the second edition of the Automobile Club of America's American Grand Prize. The race was won by American David Bruce-Brown in a Benz.


1910 American Grand Prize, Summary
After a successful race in 1908, the Automobile Club of America made plans with the rival American Automobile Association to hold the Grand Prize and Vanderbilt Cup together on the Long Island Motor Parkway in 1909. However, only the Vanderbilt race was held, and the Grand Prize pushed back to 1910. After the 1910 Vanderbilt Cup saw the deaths of 2 riding mechanics and several serious spectator injuries, the Grand Prize was cancelled once again. A last-minute request by the Savannah Automobile Club saved the race for the year, but only gave one month to prepare the course. A shorter 17-mile (27 km) course was laid out, but due to the short notice, many European teams were not able to make the trip; only 6 European cars entered the event, down from 14 two years ago.


1910 American Grand Prize, Summary
The race began at 9 AM, with cars leaving the start line at 30-second intervals. Victor Hémery, driving a Benz, led early. Arthur Chevrolet was second after lap 1, but would eventually be overtaken by the factory Benzes and Fiats before falling out of the race on lap 9. Felice Nazzaro took over second place and pushed hard to catch Hémery. After setting the lap record on lap 7, Nazzaro slid off the road into a ditch, bending his rear axle; he would retire a few laps later. Wagner assumed the lead, but he too would leave the road and strike a tree on lap 17. He resumed, but front axle damage later sent him into a cartwheel at speed, ending his race.


1910 American Grand Prize, Summary
Ralph De Palma, Bruce-Brown, and Hémery took over the first three positions, within two minutes of each other. On the penultimate lap, De Palma cracked a cylinder in the last of the Fiats. At the finish, Hémery crossed the line first due to the staggered start, and as in 1908 was forced to wait for the next car to cross the line. In the end, Bruce-Brown finished just 1.42 seconds faster than Hémery.


1910 Argentine Primera División
The 1910 Argentine Primera División was the 19th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 24 and ended in December. The championship was reduced from 10 to 9 teams, with each team playing the other twice.


1910 Argentine Primera División
Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires (promoted last year) made its debut at the top division while Argentino de Quilmes was relegated to  Segunda División.


1910 Argentine presidential election
The Argentine presidential election of 1910 was held on 13 March to choose the president of Argentina. Roque Sáenz Peña was elected president.


1910 Argentine presidential election, Background
The ailing President Quintana's death in 1906 was the beginning of the end of Roca's dominance of national politics and policy. Moderate opposition to the PAN had greatly eroded its majorities in Congress, the very day the president died, and within months, Bartolomé Mitre and Carlos Pellegrini were dead, as well. President José Figueroa Alcorta defied Roca by signing many of Congressman Palacios' labor law reform bills and by 1909, Figueroa Alcorta was poised to nominate the reformist who had been turned away in 1892: Roque Sáenz Peña.


1910 Argentine presidential election, Background
Other prominent conservatives, such as La Nación publisher Emilio Mitre and Buenos Aires Governor Marcelino Ugarte, presented token candidacies. Sáenz Peña, who was the Ambassador to Italy and did not campaign, was selected unanimously on April 12, 1910. He promptly began negotiations with UCR leader Hipólito Yrigoyen for the introduction of legislation providing for universal male suffrage and the secret ballot. The president struggled over the bill with a still-conservative Congress, and on 10 February 1912, the Senate narrowly passed Law 8871. Providing for free and fair elections, as well as for the country's first uniform system of voter registration, the Sáenz Peña Law brought the prolonged "vote song" to an end.


1910 Arizona football team
The 1910 Arizona football team was an American football team that represented the University of Arizona as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its first season under head coach George F. Shipp, the team compiled a 5–0 record, shut our three of five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 87 to 12. The team captain was Charles John Roletti.


1910 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1910 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas during the 1910 college football season. In their third year under head coach Hugo Bezdek, the Razorbacks compiled a 7–1 record, shut out five of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 221 to 19.


1910 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1910 seasons was the first in which the Arkansas football team was nicknamed "Razorbacks" instead of Cardinals. According to team lore, the change was inspired when coach Bezdek congratulated his undefeated 1909 team by saying they "fought like a band of wild razorback hogs". However, the razorback was gaining fame by 1906 as an indigenous Arkansan hog "that has no fear or reason", and there are published accounts of the nickname being in use for the football team well prior to the 1910 season.


1910 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
Also, in March 1910, the Arkansas Land Congress adopted a resolution to advertise the State of Arkansas by sending one of the state's razor back hogs on a cross-country publicity tour to refute the saying that "even hogs cannot be raised in Arkansas." One source suggests the nickname dates to 1905.


1910 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
On October 22, 1910, Texas Southwestern scored to lead 12–8 with less than two minutes to play. On the ensuing kickoff return, Steve Creekmore threw a lateral pass all the way across field to Russell May who went down the sideline 75 yards for a touchdown and the 13–12 victory. Touchdowns were worth five points in 1910.


1910 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1910 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 12, 1910.


1910 Arkansas gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor George Washington Donaghey defeated Republican nominee Andrew I. Roland and Socialist nominee Dan Hogan with 67.44% of the vote.


1910 Army Cadets football team
The 1910 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1910 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Harry Nelly, the Cadets compiled a 6–2 record, shut out five of their eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 96 to 12 – an average of 12.0 points scored and 1.5 points allowed. The Cadets' two losses came against 1910 national champion Harvard by a 6 to 0 score and to the Navy Midshipmen by a 3 to 0 score in the annual Army–Navy Game.


1910 Army Cadets football team
Army's center Archibald Vincent Arnold was selected by sports writer, Wilton S. Farnsworth, of the New York Evening Journal as a first-team player on the All-America team. Arnold was also selected by The New York Times as a second-team All-American.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1910 Atlantic hurricane season was the period during the summer and fall of 1910 in which tropical cyclones formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. The season was fairly inactive, with only five storms; however, three grew into hurricanes and one became a major hurricane. The season got off to a late start with the formation of a tropical storm in the Caribbean Sea on August 23. September saw two storms, and the final tropical cyclone—Hurricane Five—existed during October. All but one of the storms made landfall, and the only cyclone which remained at sea had some effects on the island of Bermuda.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season
The season's first storm had limited reported impacts on land, and the subsequent system caused more severe damage in southern Texas and northern Mexico. Hurricane Three dropped torrential rainfall on Puerto Rico before striking the same region as the previous cyclone. Hurricane Four bypassed Bermuda to the east, where some property damage was reported. Hurricane Five was the most catastrophic storm of the season, buffeting western Cuba for an extended period of time as it slowly executed a counterclockwise loop. Death tolls from the hurricane are estimated in the hundreds.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season
In addition to the five official tropical storms, a disturbance in the middle of September that tracked from east of the Lesser Antilles to off the coast of Canada was studied for potential classification. Despite producing gale-force winds, the system was likely extratropical in nature, and any time it may have spent as a tropical storm was brief.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 64. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, July tropical depression
Historical weather maps indicate that a tropical depression developed well east of the Lesser Antilles on July 7. However, the depression likely dissipated by July 8, as its existence could not be confirmed beyond that day.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
The first tropical cyclone of the season developed on August 23, in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Not believed to have strengthened further, the storm tracked west-northwestward and struck southwestern Hispaniola. It quickly weakened to a tropical depression as it turned more toward the northwest and crossed northern Cuba. On August 26, the depression passed through the Bahamas, east of the Florida Peninsula. Heading due north, the storm had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by the next day.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
An area of high pressure to the north and east of the storm was said to have prevented it from recurving out to sea, and the cyclone skirted the eastern coast of North Carolina before being listed as dissipated east of the Delmarva Peninsula. The storm reportedly caused heavy precipitation on August 29 and 30 in Georgia and the Carolinas, while ships at sea reported high winds, rough seas and heavy rainfall.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two
On August 26, a tropical depression formed in the central Gulf of Mexico. It drifted westward for several days, and by August 30 it intensified into a tropical storm while turning more southwestward. The storm peaked in intensity as a weak tropical storm shortly thereafter. On August 31 the storm moved inland near the mouth of the Rio Grande, and weakened as it swept inland. Advisories were issued for coastal areas before which strong winds and high tides affected the Texas coast. The cyclone inflicted some property damage in the Brownsville area. Winds unroofed houses at Port Isabel and destroyed some Mexican huts. The storm also blew fishing craft aground. No initial reports of fatalities were received, but two towns were left cut off from communication with Brownsville.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
Hurricane San Zacarias of 1910 A tropical storm developed east of the Leeward Islands on September 5 and quickly became the season's first hurricane. It continued westward through the islands and is estimated to have attained winds corresponding to Category 2 status on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. On the night of September 6, San Zacarias Hurricane passed south of Puerto Rico; winds blew up to 72 mph (116 km/h) at San Juan. The hurricane weakened somewhat on September 7 as it skirted the southern coast of Hispaniola, and curving northwestward, it passed along northern Jamaica. On September 10, it moved through the Yucatán Channel, restrengthening upon emerging into the Gulf of Mexico. Now on a northwesterly course, the storm reached its peak windspeeds on September 12. Two days later, it made landfall along the Texas coast.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
The storm dropped torrential rainfall on Puerto Rico, amounting to 13 in (330 mm) in a period of 12 hours at one location. Rivers swelled to "unprecedented" levels, and the hurricane resulted in "great havoc" to telephone and telegraph wires on the island. The United States Weather Bureau issued extensive warnings in association with the storm. High tides occurred along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, accompanied by heavy rainfall. A large storm surge raised the water level at Corpus Christi to its highest in years and completely inundated Padre Island, where barometers recorded pressures as low as 28.50 inHg (965.12 mb) on the southern half of the island.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
In the Atlantic hurricane database, the fourth hurricane of the season is listed as having formed on September 24, several hundred miles southeast of Bermuda. Strengthening, the storm moved northwestward and is estimated to have peaked with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). It gradually turned toward the northeast as it bypassed Bermuda to the east. On September 27, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and turned eastward. It dissipated several days later. The storm caused some damage to property on the island, and blew a barque aground.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
The final storm of the season formed in the extreme southern Caribbean on October 9, and steadily intensified as it moved northwestward. Shortly after making landfall on the western tip of Cuba, the storm peaked as a severe hurricane corresponding to Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale and completed a counterclockwise loop. During its loop, the pressure in its eye dropped to 924 mb (27.29 inHg) with an unofficial reading of 917.71 mb (27.10 inHg) aboard the steamship Brazos.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
The cyclone began weakening and tracking toward the United States, and moved ashore near Fort Myers, Florida, with winds of 110 mph (180 km/h) corresponding to those of a strong Category 2 hurricane. After moving through the state, it hugged the coast of the Southeastern United States on its way out to sea. Due to the storm's tight and poorly documented loop, initial reports suggested that it was actually two separate cyclones that developed and affected land in rapid succession. Its track was subject to much debate at the time, and eventually it was identified as a single storm. Additionally, observations on the event resulted in a greater understanding of other weather features that took similar paths.


1910 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
In Cuba, the storm was considered one of the most severe natural disasters in the island's history. Damage was extensive, and thousands of peasants were reportedly left homeless. Throughout Florida, the storm also had widespread, yet more moderate, impacts, including damage to houses and the flooding of low-lying land. The pressure at Fort Myers dropped to 28.20 inHg (954.96 mb) during the storm. Although total monetary damage from the storm is unknown, estimates of losses in Havana, Cuba, exceed $1 million and in the Florida Keys, $250,000 (1910 USD). At least 100 deaths occurred in Cuba alone.


1910 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1910 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1910 college football season. Led by head coach Mike Donahue, the team went 6–1, outscoring opponents 176–9. The team's leading scorer was Bill Streit.


1910 Auburn Tigers football team, Season summary, Mississippi A&M
The season started with a 6–0 defeat of Mississippi A&M. Both Streit and Kirk Newell were injured.


1910 Auburn Tigers football team, Season summary, Howard
In the second week of play came the season's biggest win, 78–0  over Howard.


1910 Auburn Tigers football team, Season summary, Georgia
In the 26 to 0 victory over the Georgia Bulldogs, Streit scored two touchdowns.


1910 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1910 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1910, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1910 Auckland City mayoral election, Background
Incumbent mayor Charles Grey did not seek re-election and was replaced by Councillor Lemuel Bagnall who defeated Patrick Nerheny and William Richardson. Consequently, a by-election to fill Bagnall's vacated seat was held, which was won by Henry Shaw.


1910 Auckland City mayoral election, Background
Due to Bagnall's win at the polls for mayor his seat on the city council had been declared vacant. A by-election was held to fill the vacancy the next month which was won by Henry Shaw. William Richardson, who was defeated for the mayoralty also stood for the council seat and was again unsuccessful.


1910 Auckland East by-election
The Auckland East by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Auckland East, an urban seat at the top of the North Island.


1910 Auckland East by-election
The by-election was held on 16 June 1910, and was precipitated by the death of sitting Liberal member of parliament Frederick Baume.


1910 Auckland East by-election, Background
The election was won by Baume's cousin and former Mayor of Auckland, Arthur Myers who stood as an independent Liberal.


1910 Auckland East by-election, Background
William Richardson, former secretary to opposition leader William Massey ran as a prohibitionist candidate. He opposed moves the Ward administration was making claiming it was working "hand in glove" with the liquor industry. Richardson had stood for the Auckland East seat in both the 1905 and 1908 elections placing third and second respectively.


1910 Auckland East by-election, Background
Another opposition candidate was Reginald Walter Hill, who ran as an independent supporter of the Reform Party who only registered candidacy at the last minute.


1910 Auckland East by-election, Background
Two Labour Party candidates ran against each other, with George Davis coming in second place. George Irving McKnight was originally chosen by the Labour Party, but proved unsatisfactory. His endorsement was revoked and the party chose to sponsor Davis instead. The prohibition league also endorsed Davis as Myers owned a brewery.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season
The 1910 Auckland Rugby League season was the first season where a full organised competition was played following the 1909 season where several exhibition club matches were played. The competition celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2010 and is currently in its 109th season. The 1910 season commenced on 14 May, with the start of the competition for the Myers Cup. It involved four teams, City Rovers, Newton Rangers, North Shore Albions, and Ponsonby United. Only Ponsonby United (now known as Ponsonby Ponies) still survive to the present day.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season
Two venues were used. Victoria Park, in downtown Auckland hosted 12 matches, and Takapuna Racecourse which no longer exists, hosted 4 matches.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Annual meeting
At the Auckland Rugby League annual meeting the following committee was elected:Chairman, Mr B Brigham; Hon Secretary, Mr A. J. Powley; hon treasurer, Mr Percy Usher; hon auditors, Mr D. W. MacLean and E. W. Watts; president, Mr C. D. Grey; vice-presidents, Mr F. E. N. Gaudin, M. Molloy, W. T. Thompson, J. Patterson, W. M. Evans, T. Craig, A. E. Glover MP, T. Buxton. At the meeting information was received that two new clubs were forming, one in the city and the other at a marine suburb.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Establishment
On 12 April a meeting was held at the Waitemata Hotel with a view to forming a club. There were 23 people in attendance with Mr. D. W. MacLean occupying the chair. It was decided that a club would be formed called City Rovers. The following were elected as officers: president, Mr. J Endean; vice-presidents, Mr F. E. N. Gaudin; Graham, A. J. Parker, and W. M. Evans; hon secretary, Mr L. E. Hinton; hon treasurer, Mr Ernest Asher; hon auditor, Mr B. Brigham. Players for the team were requested to travel to the North Shore on the following Saturday to practice with the North Shore Albions team. The match resulted in a draw with both teams scoring three tries each.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Northcote Ramblers join the Northern Union Code
On 15 April a meeting was held at Northcote to form a rugby league club there. There were 37 players and supporters present. Mr. D. W. MacLean chaired the meeting. 21 players enrolled at the new club. Mr Lepper was appointed hon secretary, and Mr A. Jackson treasurer. The club was initially to be called the Northcote Warriors however within a week this was changed to the Northcote Ramblers which they were known as for decades afterwards. Today the club is known as the Northcote Tigers. The team played their first ever match on 23 April when they took on a combined Newton Rangers and Ponsonby United junior team in Northcote. The home team won by 18 points to 8 with Jack Stanaway refereeing.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship)
Sixteen matches were played until the final round on 20 August where City Rovers defeated Ponsonby United to become the inaugural champions of Auckland club Rugby League (which at this time was referred to as 'Northern Union' in the media). The Round 4 match between North Shore and City won by City 12–6 did not have the point scorers reported. In the Round 6 match between Ponsonby and City the match was abandoned after Albert Opai Asher led the City team off the field after protesting the non awarding of a 'try' to the City team. After an inquiry by the league during the week Asher apologised.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship), Results, Round 6
Arthur Thompson Haddon had recently joined the North Shore Albions team. It was said that he had recently played the game in the "Old Country" .


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship), Top scorers
The Round 4 match between North Shore and City won by City 12–6 did not have the point scorers reported so the following lists are unlikely to be 100% complete.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship), Second grade
A second grade competition was also played, however it received little coverage in the news media. It featured second teams from City Rovers, North Shore Albions and Ponsonby United, as well as a team from Northcote named the Northcote & Birkenhead Ramblers. Northcote were to go through the season undefeated to win the grade.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship), Second grade
On June 6 Northcote beat Ponsonby by default and North Shore beat City 12-6. On June 25 Northcote beat City 5-3.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship), Second grade
The points table was published in the New Zealand Herald on August 3. There had been 2 rounds of play scheduled for August 13 and August 20 however it appears they were not played and the final table remained as follows.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Myers Cup (First Grade Championship), Second grade
On August 27 the Northcote side played a combined team from the other 3 sides at Victoria Park and was defeated 14 to 5.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Trial match
On 9 July a trial match was played between an A and B team selected in preparation for the visit of the British team but no result was given. A further trial match was played on 16 July which the A team won by 20 points to 18.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Auckland v Great Britain
The team for the match was: (fullback) Alf Chorley; (three-quarters) L Nolan, George Smith, Albert Asher; (five-eights) Alfred Jackson, Ronald MacDonald; (halfback) Len Farrant; (forwards) Fred Jackson (captain), Charles Dunning, Jim Griffin, Alex Stanaway, Harry Fricker, and George Seagar. The emergency players named were (backs) Syd Riley, Arthur Carlaw; (forwards) Jim Bennett, Jim Rukutai, and Bob Mitchell


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Auckland tour practice match
Auckland then went on a seven match tour of New Zealand. The following squad was selected to make the tour: Harry Childs, George Harrison, Ernie Asher, W Bonner, Syd Riley, L Nolan, Arthur Carlaw, Alfred Jackson, W J Walker (Rotorua), Ronald MacDonald, Sid Kean, Jim Bennett, S Cole, Tom Avery, Harold Denize, Charles Dunning (captain), Harry Fricker, George Seagar, Bob Mitchell, H B Oakley, and Charles Brockliss. The manager for the tour was Teddy Watts with Oakley assisting him.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Tour Match v Bluff
Remarkably George Seagar after scoring 4 tries then went on to compete in the annual September boxing tournament at the Municipal Theatre later that evening where he beat J O'Shea of Invercargill with loud applause from many of his teammates who were in attendance. He then beat F. Moir of Winton in three rounds. The following day he then played for Auckland again against Southland and scored another try. Unfortunately he injured his arm and was unable to compete in that night's boxing.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Tour Match v Nelson
For Nelson, W Doyle scored a try while Charles James scored 2 tries and kicked 2 conversions. James was later killed in action in France during World War I in 1917.


1910 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Auckland representative matches played and scorers
Matches include the match versus the touring Great Britain side and the seven tour matches made by the Auckland team. The Dannevirke match did not have a team list reported and therefore only the point scorers are included in the 'played' statistics (Mitchell, Carlaw, Dunning, Nolan, Riley, Cole, and Dunning) meaning there are 6 players with unattributed games played.


1910 Australasian Championships
The 1910 Australasian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide, Australia. It was the 6th edition of the Australasian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the first held in Adelaide and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year.


1910 Australasian Championships, Finals, Doubles
Ashley Campbell /  Horace Rice defeated  Rodney Heath /  James O'Day 6–3, 6–3, 6–2


1910 Australasian Championships – Singles
Rodney Heath defeated Horace Rice 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1910 Australasian Championships.


1910 Australian federal election
The 1910 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 13 April 1910. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Commonwealth Liberal Party (the result of a merger between the Protectionist Party and the Anti-Socialist Party) led by Prime Minister Alfred Deakin was defeated by the opposition Labour Party, led by Andrew Fisher.


1910 Australian federal election
The election represented a number of landmarks: it was Australia's first elected federal majority government; Australia's first elected Senate majority; the world's first Labour party majority government at a national level; after the 1904 Chris Watson minority and Fisher's former minority government the world's third  Labour party government  at a national level; the first time it controlled both houses of a bicameral legislature and the first time that a prime minister, in this case Deakin, got voted out in an election. It also remains the only election in Australia's federal history to have occurred following expiration of a full three-year parliamentary term by the 'effluxion of time'.


1910 Australian federal election
Two referendums to approve proposed amendments to the Constitution were held on the same day. The State Debts referendum was carried, but the Surplus Revenue referendum was not carried.


1910 Australian federal election
Future Prime Minister James Scullin and future opposition leader Matthew Charlton both entered parliament at this election. Scullin lost his seat at the subsequent 1913 election and did not re-enter parliament until 1922.


1910 Australian federal election, Background
After the 1906 election, the House of Representatives first met on 20 February 1907. Prime Minister Alfred Deakin allowed the parliament to run to its maximum permissible length under section 28 of the constitution (three years). Its final meeting ended on 8 December 1909, and it was then prorogued until 19 February 1910 at which point it expired by "effluxion of time". This remains the only occasion where the House has been allowed to "expire" rather than being dissolved earlier by the Governor-General. The writs for the election were issued on 28 February, producing the longest gap between federal elections in Australian history.


1910 Australian referendum
The 1910 Australian referendum was held on 13 April 1910, in conjunction with the 1910 federal election. It contained two referendum questions.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)
The referendum of 13 April 1910 approved an amendment to the Australian constitution. The referendum was for practical purposes a vote on the Constitution Alteration (State Debts) Bill 1909, which after being approved in the referendum received the Royal Assent on 6 August.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)
Upon the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government was given the power to assume any pre-existing debts held by the state governments at that time. The Act altered Section 105 of the Constitution to extend this power so that the Commonwealth could take over any debts incurred by a state at any time. On the same day the referendum was held on the state debts amendment, a proposed surplus revenue amendment was also put to the electorate but was defeated.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)
The referendums were held on the same day as the 1910 federal election, which Alfred Deakin's Commonwealth Liberal Party lost to Andrew Fisher's Labour Party, with Fisher being sworn in as Prime Minister on 29 April.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
Ensuring the future financial good health of the states was a matter of great importance to the writers of the constitution, and they worked hard to produce a workable Finance and Trade chapter (Chapter IV). Two important provisions of the chapter were Section 87, which required the return of surplus tariff funds to the states, and Section 105, which provided for the Commonwealth to take over State debts that existed at the time of Federation. By the end of the Commonwealth's first decade it was clear that Chapter IV had serious flaws, and in 1910 attempts were made to amend Sections 87 and 105.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
In mid-1909, Alfred Deakin succeeded Andrew Fisher as Prime Minister for what would be his third and final time. Impetus had built in recent years for changes to state-federal financial relations, and Deakin made several important administrative decisions on this matter. Negotiations between Deakin, Forrest and state premiers produced the financial agreement of 1909, which gave the states per capita grants of 25 shillings annually. Deakin proposed two constitutional amendments at the 1910 ballot to ratify these administrative changes, though the second question was much more pressing than the first. It failed, but in practice the agreement set Commonwealth-State financial relations until 1927. The first question on the state debts proposal dealt with a perceived need to expand the operation of Section 105 to allow the Commonwealth to take over state debts whenever they were incurred.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
The state debts amendment was carried by a 'yes' vote of approximately 55 per cent, with only New South Wales in opposition. According to a historian of the Loan Council, this indicated that the nation had "decisively favoured a scheme on the basis of s. 105 to relieve the States of some of their financial burden". Despite the smooth passage of the amendment, it would be more than a decade before the specifically endowed powers would be used. However, the state debts amendment was important in giving greater potential flexibility to Chapter IV of the constitution, and became an important aspect of federal-state intergovernmental financial relations.


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts), Referendum results
Question: Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (State Debts) 1909?


1910 Australian referendum (State Debts), Referendum results
Obtained majority in five States and an overall majority of 128,782 votes. Carried.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue)
The Constitution Alteration (Finance) Bill 1909, was an unsuccessful Australian referendum which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to amend section 87 (the 'Braddon Clause') which was due to lapse in 1910. It was to add to the Constitution a financial agreement reached between the States and the Commonwealth to replace the section.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue)
The referendum was held in the 1910 Australian referendum in conjunction with the State Debts referendum, which received a Yes vote in 5 states and was carried. The referendums were held on the same day as the 1910 federal election, which Alfred Deakin's Commonwealth Liberal Party lost to Andrew Fisher's Labour Party, with Fisher being sworn in as Prime Minister on 29 April.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Finance) 1909'?


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
The proposal was to alter the text of the Constitution to read as follows:


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
87. During a period of ten years after the establishment of the Commonwealth and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides, of the net revenue of the Commonwealth from duties of customs and of excise not more than one - fourth shall be applied annually by the Commonwealth towards its expenditure.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
The balance shall, in accordance with. this Constitution, be paid to the several States, or applied towards the payment of interest on debts of the several States taken over by the Commonwealth.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
87a. (1.) Notwithstanding anything in section eighty seven of this Constitution, the Commonwealth may in the year beginning on the first day of July, One thousand nine hundred and nine, out of the net revenue of the Commonwealth from duties of customs and of excise, apply towards its expenditure for the service of that year any sum not exceeding Six hundred thousand pounds over and above one-fourth Of the said net revenue.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
93. During the first five Years after the imposition of uniform duties of customs, and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
94. After five years from the imposition of uniform duties of customs, the Parliament may provide, on such basis as it deems fair, for the monthly payment to the several States of all surplus revenue of the Commonwealth.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
94a. From and after the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and ten, sections ninety three and ninety four of this Constitution shall cease to have effect.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
94b. From and after the first day of July, One thousand nine hundred and ten, the Commonwealth shall pay to each State, by monthly instalments, or apply to the payment of interest on debts of the State taken over by the Commonwealth, an annual sum amounting to Twenty five shillings per head of the number of the people of the State as ascertained according to the laws of the Commonwealth.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
94c. (1.) The Commonwealth shall, during the period of twenty five years beginning on the first day of July, One thousand nine hundred and ten, pay to the State of Western Australia, by monthly instalments, an annual sum which in the first year shall be two hundred and fifty thousand pounds, and in each subsequent year shall be progressively diminished by the sum of ten thousand. pounds.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
l05.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
The Parliament may take over from the States their public debts as existing at the establishment of the Commonwealth, or a proportion thereof according to the respective numbers of their people as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, and may convert, renew, or consolidate such debts, or any part thereof; and the States shall indemnify the Commonwealth in respect of the debts taken over, and thereafter the interest payable in respect of the debts shall be deducted and retained from the portions of the surplus revenue of the Commonwealth payable to the several States, or if such surplus is insufficient, or if there is no surplus, then the deficiency or the whole amount shall be paid by the several. States;


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Question
The interest and charges 'payable by the Commonwealth, in respect of the debts of a State taken over, may be deducted and retained from any moneys payable to the State under this Constitution, and shall, to the extent to which they are not so deducted and retained,' be paid by the State to the Commonwealth.


1910 Australian referendum (Surplus Revenue), Results
The referendum was not approved by a majority of voters, and a majority of the voters was achieved in only three states.


1910 Barnstaple by-election
The Barnstaple by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Barnstaple in North Devon on 2 March 1910.


1910 Barnstaple by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Ernest Soares as Junior Lord of the Treasury, i.e. one of the government whips. Under the Parliamentary rules of the day applicable to the appointment of ministers, Soares had to resign and fight a by-election.


1910 Barnstaple by-election, Candidates
Despite having cut the Liberal majority in Barnstaple from 2,045 in the 1906 general election to just 882 in January 1910, the Unionists decided not to oppose Soares’ re-election. The feeling in the constituency was reported to the party leadership in London as being against another contest in view of what was regarded as the uncertainty of the political situation and the strong possibility of another general election in the near future.


1910 Barnstaple by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward Soares was returned unopposed.


1910 Baylor football team
The 1910 Baylor football team was an American football team that represented Baylor University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its first season under head coach Ralph Glaze, the team compiled a 6–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 217 to 17.


1910 Baylor football team
The sole loss was because Baylor left at halftime, with the score tied 6–6 against Texas, due to a dispute with the referee.


1910 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 22 May 1910. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 49 of the 85 seats up for election in the Chamber of Representatives.


1910 Belgian general election
Under the alternating system, elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.


1910 Belgian general election, Results
Liberal Adolphe May defeated Catholic Emile de Lalieux de La Rocq in Nivelles and socialist Joseph Bologne defeated liberal Léopold Gillard in Namur. All other representatives were either re-elected, or succeeded by candidates of the same party. Notably, Camille Huysmans (socialist of Antwerp) was elected for the first time.


1910 Belmont Stakes
The 1910 Belmont Stakes was the 44th running of the Belmont Stakes. It was the 6th Belmont Stakes held at Belmont Park and was run on May 30. The race drew only two starters and was won by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey James Butwell riding the favorite Sweep. The colt cantered most of the way and won by six lengths with ease, reflected in the slow time of 2:22 flat for the 1 3⁄8 miles on dirt.


1910 Belmont Stakes
At age two, Sweep had won the Belmont Futurity Stakes and his performances in 1909 earned him American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Horse. His successes in 2010 earned him the Three-Year-Old Champion nation honors. For jockey Butwell the win was his first in the Belmont with a second coming in the 1917 edition. For another future Hall of Fame inductee, trainer James Rowe won the seventh of his record eight career wins in the Belmont Stakes. Owner James R. Keene's win marked his third Belmont Stakes triumph in four years and a record sixth overall. His record was equaled in 1955 by the Belair Stud Stable.


1910 Belmont Stakes
The 1910 Preakness Handicap was run on May 7 and the 1910 Kentucky Derby three days later on May 10. The Belmont was run twenty days after the Derby. The 1919 Belmont Stakes marked the first time the race was recognized as the third leg of a U.S. Triple Crown series.


1910 Belmont Stakes
As a result of New York State's Hart–Agnew anti-betting legislation, which contained penalties allowing for fines and up to a year in prison, racing ended in 1910. For the next two years racetracks in New York were closed. The Belmont Stakes would not be run again until 1913.


1910 Belmore state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Belmore on 13 May 1910. The by-election was triggered by the death of Edward William O'Sullivan. O'Sullivan was elected as a Former Progressive but joined the Labour Party in 1909.


1910 Berlin International Tournament
The 1910 Berlin International Tournament was the third and last edition of the Berlin International Tournament, an international ice hockey tournament. It was held from February 10-12, 1910, in Berlin, Germany. The tournament was won by Club des Patineurs de Paris from France.


1910 Birthday Honours
The 1910 Birthday Honours for the British Empire were announced on 24 June, to mark the occasion of the day set apart to celebrate the birthday of the late King Edward VII, who had died on 6 May. In the circumstances, the list was notably shorter than in preceding years.


1910 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1910 Bosnian parliamentary election
Elections for the Diet of Bosnia and Herzegovina were held from 18 May to 28 May 1910. This was the only Bosnian-Herzegovinian election held during Austro-Hungarian rule. 72 Members of parliament (MPs) were elected. There were three major political parties, though two other smaller political parties were elected also. The first vote consisted of landowners, college-educated citizens, priests, active and retired civil servants, and others. The second vote consisted of the population belonging to that of the city, which were artisans, merchants, petty bourgeoisie, etc.. The third and final vote consisted of the rural population.


1910 Bosnian parliamentary election
The first vote elected 18 seats of parliament, voted in by 6,866 voters. The second vote elected 20 seats of parliament, voted in by 4,725 voters. And the third vote elected 34 seats of parliament, voted in by 347,573 voters. The number of MPs were determined by religious percentage. Thus, the most populous religion at the time in the area, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, had 31 MPs elected. The next largest was Islam, where 24 MPs had been elected. The other tho religions elected were Catholicism (16 MPs), and Judaism (1 MP).


1910 Bosnian parliamentary election, Results
During the Bosnian-Herzegovinian parliamentary election of 1910, Most seats in the elections were from the Serbian National Organization (31), who won all seats Orthodox population, followed by the Muslim National Organization (24), followed by the Croat People's Union (12) and the Croatian Catholic Association (4), which were both Catholic. The other 1 MP elected was Jewish.


1910 Boston College football team
The 1910 Boston College football team represented Boston College during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Boston Doves season
The 1910 Boston Doves season was the 40th season of the franchise. The Doves finished eighth in the National League with a record of 53 wins and 100 losses.


1910 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Boston Red Sox season
The 1910 Boston Red Sox season was the 10th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 81 wins and 72 losses, 22+1⁄2 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics, who went on to win the 1910 World Series. The team played its home games at Huntington Avenue Grounds.


1910 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season
Prior to the regular season, the team held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas.


1910 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season
The team's longest games of the season were 15 innings; a May 23 home loss to Chicago, and a June 29 road win at Philadelphia.


1910 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Statistical leaders
The offense was led by Jake Stahl, who hit 10 home runs and had 77 RBIs, and Tris Speaker with a .340 batting average. The pitching staff was led by Eddie Cicotte with 15 wins, Ray Collins with a 1.62 ERA, and Smoky Joe Wood with 145 strikeouts.


1910 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Season standings
The team had five games end in a tie; April 14 at New York, May 27 vs. Cleveland, June 14 at Detroit, September 26 at Cleveland, and October 5 at Washington. Tie games are not counted in league standings, but player statistics during tie games are counted.


1910 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1910 occurred on Tuesday, January 11, 1910. John F. Fitzgerald, who had been Mayor of Boston from 1906 to 1908, defeated incumbent George A. Hibbard and two other candidates.


1910 Boston mayoral election
This was the first Boston mayoral election held under a new city charter, which made the election nonpartisan, and increased the mayor's term from two years to four years. Due to November voting on the charter change, this election was held in January, with the term of the incumbent mayor extended into February.


1910 Brazilian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Brazil on 1 March 1910. The result was a victory for Hermes da Fonseca, who received 57.1% of the vote. Fonseca was supported by several of the most influential Republican parties, whilst his main opponent Rui Barbosa was supported by the Civilist Campaign, a movement opposed to da Fonseca. After the election da Fonseca was also supported by the Conservative Republican Party.


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina
The 1910 British Lions tour to Argentina was a rugby tour of Argentina made by a side made up of 16 English players and 3 Scots. The organisers of the tour named the team the "English Rugby Union team", but the host country advertised the touring team as the British Combined ("Combinado Británico" in Spanish). The 1910 team has been termed as one of the three "lost lions" tours, and is detailed on the British and Irish Lions official website. For Argentina, this tour marked the start of international rugby union and the test against the Combined British on 12 June 1910 was the first Test in the Argentine national team's history.


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina, History
In 1910, a British side toured South Africa for the fourth time, being the eighth outing of a British touring side at this point. The South African tour was, however, the first official tour, in that it had the official sanction of the four home unions. Concurrently, RV Stanley, more famously known as Major Stanley of Oxford, later an England selector, organised a side to tour Argentina. John Raphael, the England fullback, was selected as the captain of this team, branded by Stanley as the England Rugby Union team. The hosts referred to the team as the Combined British, perhaps more appropriate given the squad included three Scots.


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina, History
The tour was also part of the celebrations for the 100th anniversary of the May Revolution. The people of Argentina termed it the "Combined British", also known as "Great Britain XV". Argentina made its international debut against this team under the name "The River Plate Rugby Football Union" on 12 June. The match was played at Sociedad Sportiva Argentina of Palermo and Argentina lost 28–3. The only try for the Argentine squad (the first international try) was scored by Buenos Aires F.C. player Frank Heriot. . Argentina's most notable players were captain Oswald St. John Gebbie and Barry Heatlie, a South African who played for the Springboks.


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina, History
The Combined British played six matches, winning them all, including a victory over Argentina in their first ever test on 12 June 1910.


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina, Team
Of those representing the Combined British, only four had played international rugby previously. They were:


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina, Match summary
Complete list of matches played by the British Isles in Argentina:


1910 British Lions tour to Argentina, Test details
Argentina: : J.E. Saffery, Cornelius MacCarthy, Oswald Gebbie, M. Heriot, Henry Talbot, W.A. Watson, Carlos Mold, Barry Heatlie, L.H. Gribbell, W.H. Hayman, F. Henrys, A. Bovet, A. Donelly, Alvan Reid


1910 British Lions tour to South Africa
The 1910 British Isles tour to South Africa was the eighth tour by a British Isles rugby union team and the fourth to South Africa. It is retrospectively classed as one of the British Lions tours, as the Lions naming convention was not adopted until 1950. As well as South Africa, the tour included a game in Bulawayo in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe.


1910 British Lions tour to South Africa
Led by Ireland's Tommy Smyth and managed by Walter E. Rees and W Cail the tour took in 24 matches. Of the 24 games, 21 were against club or invitational teams and three were test matches against the South African national team. The British Isles team lost two and won one test match against the Springboks.


1910 British Lions tour to South Africa
Seven players from Newport RFC were selected for the tour which was for a time the record for players selected from one club for a British Lions Tour.


1910 British Lions tour to South Africa
The Lions jerseys switched from red to blue, with white shorts and red socks. This combination would remain until 1950.


1910 British Lions tour to South Africa, Results
Complete list of matches played by the British Isles in South Africa:


1910 Brooklyn Superbas season
The 1910 Brooklyn Superbas hired Bill Dahlen as the new manager, but still finished in a dismal sixth place in the National League.


1910 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Brown Bears football team
The 1910 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Brussels Ice Hockey Tournament
The 1910 Brussels Tournament was an international ice hockey tournament held in Brussels, Belgium from December 29–31, 1910. Four teams participated in the tournament, which was won by the Oxford Canadians.


1910 Buchtel football team
The 1910 Buchtel football team represented Buchtel College in the 1910 college football season. The team was led by head coach Frank Haggerty, in his first season. Buchtel outscored their opponents by a total of 136–83.


1910 Bucknell football team
The 1910 Bucknell football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its first season under head coach Byron W. Dickson, the team compiled a 2–6 record.


1910 Calgary municipal election
The 1910 Calgary municipal election was held on December 12, 1910 to elect a Mayor and twelve Aldermen to sit on the twenty-seventh Calgary City Council from January 2, 1911 to January 2, 1912. Nominations closed on December 6, 1910.


1910 Calgary municipal election
The elected council was the first Calgary City Council to occupy the new Calgary City Hall.


1910 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to three ballots for separate councillors with a voter's designated ward. Ward 3 Alderman John William Mitchell defeated Ward 4 Alderman and future Lieutenant Governor of Alberta Dr. William Egbert for the position of Mayor. Egbert attributed his loss to disorganization and voted to never again re-enter municipal politics.


1910 Calgary municipal election, Background
The Morning Albertan claimed Jamison's defeat for Commissioner was due to his announcement for the position, his association with Canadian Pacific Railway, the Elbow River powerplant and Clarke's good standing in the public. Egbert's defeat was linked to his association with Jamison and his support for the Elbow River powerplant.


1910 Calgary municipal election, By-elections
Ward 1 Alderman Adoniram Judson Samis withdrew his seat on January 3, 1911 after technicalities with a mortgage which invalided his candidacy. Samis moved the mortgage into his wife's name and announced his candidacy again. Samis won the by-election against opponent E. Doughty by a total of 621-405. The by-election campaign was spirited, culminating in a fight between candidate Samis and Conrad Pohl, an agent of Doughty two days before the vote.


1910 Calgary municipal election, By-elections
Ward 2 Alderman William Thomas Daniel Lathwell resigned from City Council which was accepted on March 7, 1911, owing to pressure from local business groups and lack of time. Harold William Hounsfield Riley was acclaimed at close of nominations on March 20, 1911 as Alderman.


1910 California gubernatorial election
The 1910 California gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Hiram Johnson had defeated Charles F. Curry and Alden Anderson for the Republican nomination.


1910 Campeonato Carioca
The 1910 Campeonato Carioca, the fifth edition of that championship, kicked off on May 1, 1910 and ended on October 30, 1910. It was organized by LMSA (Liga Metropolitana de Sports Athleticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports League). Six teams participated. Botafogo won the title for the 2nd time. Haddock Lobo was relegated.


1910 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title. The team with the fewest points would be relegated.


1910 Campeonato Paulista
The 1910 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the LPF (Liga Paulista de Football), was the 9th season of São Paulo's top association football league. AA das Palmeiras won the title for the 2nd time. No teams were relegated and the top scorers were AA das Palmeiras's Eurico, Paulistano's Rubens Salles and São Paulo Athletic's Herbert Boyes with 10 goals.


1910 Campeonato Paulista, System
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1910 Campeonato Paulista, Championship, Qualifying tournament
After Internacional's expulsion from the league, three teams applied for membership in the league: Ypiranga and AA Vila Buarque, both from São Paulo, and SC Savóia, from Sorocaba. the three disputed a qualifying tournament, disputed in a single round-robin format, to define who would participate in the championship.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election
The sixth elections for Cardiganshire County Council took place in March 1910. They were preceded by the 1907 election and followed by the 1913 election


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Candidates
As in previous elections, there were a large number of unopposed returns. In all 31 members were returned without a contest.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Contested elections
It was stated that the bitterest fights were between candidates of the same political persuasion.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen
Eight aldermen retired. These included one Conservative, Sir Marteine Lloyd, and seven Liberals. Edward Evans, Lima Jones and Dr Jenkin Lewis sought re-election but were not subsequently re-appointed aldermen. Vaughan Davies MP, Evan Richards and Rev John Williams did not seek re-election but were re-appointed. Sir Marteine Lloyd and Thomas Morris retired from county politics


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Aberporth
Joshua Hughes was elected unopposed having previously represented the ward in the 1890s.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Llandysul North
Jenkin Jones appears to have stood as a Liberal in 1907.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Llansantffraed
Retiring alderman Dr Jenkyn Lewis who had previously sat for Cilcennin won the seat. Liberal hold?


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1910-1919
The aldermen elected in 1910 served for nine years as there was no election in 1916 due to the First World War.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1910-1919
Alderman Morgan Evans died in 1915. Therefore, the following appointment was made


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, Aldermanic Vacancies 1910-1919
Alderman Evan Richards died in 1918. Therefore, the following appointment was made


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Llanilar by-election
E.J. Evans, Cwncybarcud, who previously represented Llanrhystud from 1901 until 1904 was returned unopposed following the appointment of R.J.R. Loxdale as alderman.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Lledrod by-election
A Liberal candidate was returned unopposed for Lledrod following the appointment of Daniel L. Jones as alderman.


1910 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, New Quay by-election
Following the appointment of E.J. Davies as alderman no valid nomination was initially received.


1910 Carlisle Indians football team
The 1910 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Carmarthen Rural District Council election
An election to the Carmarthen Rural District Council was held in April 1910. It was preceded by the 1907 election and followed by the 1913 election. The successful candidates were also elected to the Carmarthen Board of Guardians. A significant number of members were returned unopposed.


1910 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Ward Results, Llanarthney (two seats)
W.J. Thomas stood down having recently been elected to Carmarthenshire County Council. David Farr Davies, whom he defeated in that contest was elected unopposed after two candidates, including the other sitting member, William Brazell, withdrew.


1910 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Carmarthen Board of Guardians
All members of the District Council also served as members of Carmarthen Board of Guardians. In addition six members were elected to represent the borough of Carmarthen.


1910 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Carmarthen Board of Guardians
There was a contested election which saw the five retiring members re-elected.


1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election
The eighth election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1910. It was preceded by the 1907 election and followed by the 1913 election.


1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
The Liberals retained a strong majority although the elections were far less politicized than in previous years. With a few exceptions, members were returned unopposed. The local press did not, on the whole, report the political affiliations of candidates but this was more explicitly noted in the Cardiff-based Weekly Mail.


1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
There were only a small number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances.


1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. In some cases there is an ambiguity in the sources over the party affiliations and this is explained below where relevant.


1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 51 councillors were elected.


1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 51 councillors the council consisted of 17 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections the following nine aldermen were elected (with the number of votes in each case).


1910 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1910 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology—now known as Carnegie Mellon University—as an independent during the 1910 college football season. Led by Winks Dowling in his first and only season as head coach, Carnegie Tech compiled a record of 3–7.


1910 Case football team
The 1910 Case football team represented the Case School of Applied Science, now a part of Case Western Reserve University, during the 1910 college football season. The team's head coach was Joe Fogg.


1910 Case football team
Case handed Ohio State their only loss of the season and extended a four-game win streak against the Buckeyes, making Fogg a perfect 4–0 against Ohio State during his coaching tenure.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team
The 1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1910 college football season. The team compiled a 5–1–1 record, won four of its games by shutouts, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 106 to 33.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team
Harry Helmer was Central's head coach in both football and basketball. He was married to Hazel Potter shortly before the start of the 1910 season.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, Mt. Pleasant Indians
Central opened its season with an 18–0 victory over the "Mt. Pleasant Indians". The Indians represented the Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School, a boarding school for Native Americans between the ages of 6 and 21, drawn from throughout the State of Michigan. According to one source, the "Mt. Pleasant Indians" drew large crowds when the team traveled, and "the school became a point of pride in Michigan Indian communities, especially when it came to sports where the 'Indians' competed against white teams in basketball and football."


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, West Branch High School
On October 10, Central shut out the team from West Branch High School by a 6–0 score in a game played at West Branch. It was common in the early 1900s for college football teams to schedule early-season games (sometimes considered warmup for the major games that were typically played in November) against nearby local high schools. Central had opened its 1909 season with a game against West Branch.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, M.A.C. reserves
Also in October, Central played to a 6–6 tie with the reserves from the 1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team. (Michigan Agricultural was later renamed Michigan State University.) Central had played the Michigan Aggies frosh team once previously, losing in 1909 by a 17-6 score.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, Flint Mutes
On October 29, Central shut out the "Flint Mutes" by a 40–0 score. The Mutes represented the Michigan School for the Deaf located in Flint, Michigan. The school housed and taught deaf students from throughout the State of Michigan between the ages of 7 and 21.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, Western State
On November 4, 1910, Central sustained its sole loss, by a 16 to 6 score, against Western State Normal School (later renamed Western Michigan University). The game was played at Kalamazoo, Michigan, and was the fourth meeting in what became the Central Michigan–Western Michigan football rivalry. Western won the first four games in the series, and after the 1910 game, the rivalry was not resumed until 1925.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, Western State
With the victory, William H. Spaulding's Western State Hilltoppers became the state normal school champions. The game was described as "one of the hardest and most brilliant games ever played on a local gridiron." Fullback Emmot Hullihan scored a touchdown (worth five points each under 1910 rules) and kicked the extra point for Central in the first quarter. Central led by a 6–5 score at the end of the third quarter, but Western scored two touchdowns and an extra point in the fourth quarter. Central had the ball on Western's six-yard line when time was called.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, Michigan State Normal
On November 12, in the season's other rivalry game, Central Michigan defeated Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University), 13–0. Emmot Hullihan intercepted a pass and returned it for a touchdown and also kicked a field goal. Tackle Orlo Dickerson also recovered a punt and returned it 10 yards for Central's second touchdown.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Game summaries, Elsie Giants
The Central Michigan football media guide also includes reference to a victory over the Elsie Giants. The Elsie Giants were a football team from Elsie, Michigan, with origins dating back to 1901. According to the media guide, the Central Michigan football team played four matches against the Giants between 1903 and 1910. However, the 1911 Central Michigan yearbook, in reporting the results of the 1910 season, does not include a game with the Elsie Giants.


1910 Central Michigan Normalites football team, Roster
The following individuals were members of Central Michigan's 1910 football team.


1910 Central University football team
The 1910 Central University football team represented Centre College during the 1910 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team went undefeated, beating Tennessee, Tulane, and Sewanee. The team claimed an SIAA title, since Vanderbilt did not play them.


1910 Challenge Cup
The 1909–10 Challenge Cup was the 14th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.


1910 Challenge Cup, Final
The final was contested by Leeds and Hull F.C. at Fartown in Huddersfield.


1910 Challenge Cup, Final
The final was played on Saturday 16 April 1910, where Leeds drew 7-7 with Hull F.C. at Fartown in front of a crowd of 19,413. The necessitated a replay just two days later and this resulted in Leeds defeating Hull 26-12 at the same ground.


1910 Challenge Cup, Final
This was Leeds' first Cup Final win in their first Cup Final appearance. Hull lost their third Cup Final in a row.


1910 Challenge Cup, Final, First match, Teams
Hull: Harry Taylor, G. T. Cottrell, Jim Devereux, Andy Morton,  (E. or Ned) Rogers, Harry Wallace, Billie Anderson, Tom Herridge, Will Osborne, Dick Taylor, William Holder, G. Connell, H. Walton


1910 Challenge Cup, Final, First match, Teams
Leeds: Frank Young, J. Fawcett, Walter Goldthorpe, C. Gillie, F. Barron, E. Ware, J. Sanders, W. Biggs, Billy Jarman, Fred Harrison, Harry Topham, Fred Webster, Billy Ward


1910 Challenge Cup, Final, Replay, Teams
Leeds: Frank Young, Harold Rowe, Walter Goldthorpe, C. Gillie, F. Barron, E. Ware, J. Fawcett, Fred Webster, Fred Harrison, Harry Topham, Billy Ward, Billy Jarman, S. Whittaker


1910 Challenge Cup, Final, Replay, Teams
Hull: E. Rogers, G. T. Cottrell, Jim Devereux, Andy Morton, Ernest Atkinson,  Ned Rogers, Harry Wallace, Tom Herridge, Will Osborne, Dick Taylor, William Holder, G. Connell, H. Walton


1910 Chalmers Award
The 1910 Chalmers Award scandal was an incident in which a Major League Baseball team, the St. Louis Browns, tried but failed to give Nap Lajoie the batting title over Ty Cobb.


1910 Chalmers Award, Background
Before the 1910 Major League Baseball season, Hugh Chalmers of the Chalmers Automobile Company announced a promotion in which a Chalmers Model 30 automobile would be given to the batting champions for Major League Baseball's American and National Leagues.


1910 Chalmers Award, Background
At the start of the final day of the season, Ty Cobb of the Detroit Tigers held a slim lead in the race for the American League batting title, just a few percentage points ahead of the Cleveland Naps' Nap Lajoie. Cobb was generally disliked by opponents, whereas Lajoie was more popular.


1910 Chalmers Award, Controversy
Cobb did not play in the Tigers' final two games of the season, and he finished with a batting average of .385.


1910 Chalmers Award, Controversy
Lajoie played in a doubleheader on the last day of the season against the St. Louis Browns. Browns manager Jack O'Connor ordered rookie third baseman Red Corriden to play on the outfield grass. This all but conceded a hit for any ball Lajoie bunted. Lajoie had eight hits in eight at bats and finished the season with a .384 batting average (227 hits in 591 at-bats). His final at-bat resulted in a wild throw to first base, which was scored as an error. Under baseball rules, when a player reaches base on an error, it is treated as a hitless at-bat, thus lowering his batting average.


1910 Chalmers Award, Aftermath
After news broke of the scandal, a writer for the St. Louis Post claimed: "All St. Louis is up in arms over the deplorable spectacle, conceived in stupidity and executed in jealousy." The issue was brought to American League president Ban Johnson, who declared all batting averages official, and Cobb the champion (.385069 to .384095). Chalmers, however, awarded automobiles to both Cobb and Lajoie (essentially declaring a tie). O'Connor and coach Harry Howell, who tried to bribe the official scorer to change the error to a hit, were banned from baseball for their role in the affair.


1910 Chalmers Award, Aftermath
Chalmers gave an award to the league's most valuable player the following season instead of the player with the highest batting average. Cobb won the Chalmers Award in 1911 in his best year, hitting .420. Chalmers continued the award through the 1914 season, after which it was discontinued. Chalmers ceased to exist in 1923; however, it is a predecessor to Chrysler. Cobb and Lajoie were eventually elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.


1910 Chalmers Award, Modern revision
In 1978, Pete Palmer discovered a 1910 discrepancy in Cobb's career hit total, and the story was broken by The Sporting News in April 1981. Cobb is credited with 4,191-lifetime hits (still the total on MLB.com), but researchers say that a 1910 Detroit Tigers box score was counted twice in the season-ending calculations. The mistake caused the statisticians to give Cobb an extra 2-for-3. This credited Cobb with two non-existent hits and erroneously raised his 1910 batting average from .383 to .385.


1910 Chalmers Award, Modern revision
As Lajoie had a .384 average for the season, the revised figure would have cost Cobb one of his 12 batting titles, reduced his career average to .366, and given the 1910 batting championship to Lajoie due to the last-game shenanigans by the St. Louis Browns. The mathematical mistake was described by one writer as follows: "It could be said that 1910 produced two bogus leading batting averages and one questionable champion."


1910 Championship of Australia
The 1910 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 15 October 1910.


1910 Championship of Australia
The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFL, Collingwood and the premiers of the SAFL, Port Adelaide.


1910 Championship of Australia
The match was played at Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, South Australia.


1910 Championship of Australia
To avoid a clash of guernsey designs Port Adelaide offered to wear its jumpers inside out resulting in an "all-black" appearance.


1910 Championship of Australia
The match, played in front of 7,000, was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 59 points, giving Port Adelaide its 2nd Championship of Australia Title.


1910 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1910 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Chattanooga as an independent during the 1910 college football season. The team finished its eight-game schedule with a record of 5–2–1.


1910 Chicago Cubs season
The 1910 Chicago Cubs season was the 39th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 35th in the National League and the 18th at West Side Park. The Cubs finished first in the National League with a record of 104–50, 13 games ahead of the second place New York Giants. The team was defeated four games to one by the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1910 World Series.


1910 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1910 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1910 college football season. In their 19th season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 2–5 record, finished in fifth place in the Western Conference with a 2–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 66 to 24.


1910 Chicago White Sox season
The 1910 Chicago White Sox set the modern (since 1901) major league record for batting futility with a .211 team batting average. No White Sox regular hit above .250, Patsy Dougherty led all regulars with a .248 batting average.


1910 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts