1911 Romanian general election, Campaign
To this background, radical-right forces, having established in 1910 the Democratic Nationalist Party (PND), also began "strong electoral agitation." They also demanded the extension of electoral rights, but wanted these limited to ethnic Romanian males. Led by academics Nicolae Iorga and A. C. Cuza, this group negotiated an alliance with the PC, but later denounced it. Their campaign was touched by significant controversy: Cuza was allegedly prevented by the authorities from running in Prahova, then in Dorohoi, "with maneuvers unbecoming of a decent administration." He eventually ran alongside Ion Zelea Codreanu in Baia County, where their electoral agents included the athlete-spy and future assassin Ilie Cătărău, whose impressive size struck fear in the electorate.


1911 Romanian general election, Campaign
Just shortly before the election, Carp had caused public uproar by challenging some of the core tenets of radical Romanian nationalism, outlining his respect for Austria-Hungary, and his overall sympathy for the Jewish Romanian community. On the left, the Social Democratic Party (PSDR) was consolidating in and around Galați, after having been repressed by a PNL administration. Its absentee leader was the Bulgarian-born Christian Rakovsky, who only obtained his citizenship rights under the new laws of the Carp government.


1911 Romanian general election, Campaign
The PC reached out to a non-conservative electorate by adopting a reformist program with attractive promises: tax cuts for small and medium rural property, to favor peasants; and the introduction of guilds, workers' compensation, and social insurance, to address issues of labor. These were denounced by the PNL–PCD as demagoguery, but agreed upon by most Conservative leaders—with the notable exception of Lahovary, who found them unpalatable. Their impact on the public was first tested during a set of local elections, which the PC won easily at Giurgiu and more narrowly at Constanța and Sulina.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
The general elections were convened for March 1 [O.S. February 16] 1911, and were carried out in four stages, to March 14 [February 24]. Overall, 91,678 of 126,912 registered voters, or 72.6%, cast their vote. The turnout was highest in the upper-class 1st College of Chamber, where 78.4% of the total 15,298 voters showed up. The Conservatives received 133,287 votes, or 61.4% of the general total. The remainder 81,139 votes, or 37.8%, went to the PNL–PCD camp, and 2,486 votes were invalidated.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
During the first stage of voting, Conservatives secured 82 parliamentary seats in the 1st and 2nd Colleges for Chamber, with the PNL and PCD only managing 18 between them. Chairman Brătianu failed to win a Chamber seat for Botoșani County, and the PCD's Constantin Dissescu lost at Olt, although Ion G. Duca was elected for Vâlcea. Support for government peaked in the 3rd (and last) Electoral College of Chamber, representing the lower-middle class, where it had 77.6% of the ballots (39,633 of 51,048) and 38 of 40 possible seats.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
In the race for the 1st Senatorial College, the first round of voting gave Carp only 52% of votes (8,209 of 15,811), and 60 seats in the first round in the 1st College; the PNL–PCD alliance secured 18. In Vâlcea, Conservative I. G. Cantacuzino, on his last electoral appearance, lost to Dissescu. The two senatorial seats for the universities were evenly split: Thoma Ionescu, a PCD man, won at Bucharest, the PC's Nicolae A. Bogdan at Iași. However, the 2nd (last) Senatorial College produced a sweeping victory.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
In that subgroup, 22 mandates went to the Conservatives, with the opposition only electing 4 men: Brătianu, Haret, Alexandru Bădărău, Mihail Pherekyde. 32 seats were decided during ballotage—15 for Senate, 16 for Chamber. In the end, the Conservatives had 160 deputies, while the PNL and the PCD each had 10; there were 85 Conservative senators to 16 and 11, respectively. This was a major reversal from the 1907 legislature, in which the PNL had had 166 deputies, 95 senators, while the PC had had 15 deputies, 17 senators.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
A major political battle took place in Ilfov County, which encompassed the capital Bucharest and included some of the parties' top contenders. This individual unit sent the highest number of parliamentarians: 7 senators (5 in the 2nd College); 16 deputies (9 in the 2nd, 2 in the 3rd Colleges). For Chamber, the united opposition list was headlined by Take Ionescu, Pherekyde, Haret, Constantin Nacu and Nicolae Fleva, and also included Constantin Banu, Jean Th. Florescu, Constantin Istrati, Basile M. Missir, and Dimitrie P. Moruzi. They lost to a government list that included, among others, Maiorescu, Marghiloman, Filipescu, Virgil Arion, Constantin Bacalbașa, Alexandru Cărcăleteanu, Nicolae Lahovary, Emanoil Miclescu, Alexandru Obregia, Theodor Rosetti, and Sabba Ștefănescu—all of whom were elected.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
No other parties won seats in the race, although two deputy seats were won by independents. On the left, PSDR also put up a Bucharest candidate, Christian Rakovsky, who managed 320 votes, and was also presented, also unsuccessfully, as a candidate in Galați. PND put up candidates in several counties. In one notable incident at Gorj, its candidate withdrew from the race to make way for the nationalist Conservative Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea. In Ilfov, PND leader Iorga only received 386 votes running for the 2nd Chamber College.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
This placed him between two former party colleagues, who ran as independents (Vasile Kogălniceanu, with 552 votes, and Petre Liciu, with 218), and above the humorist George Ranetti (326 votes). Iorga also ran unsuccessfully in six other precincts. PND partisans attributed this poor showing to the systemic failures of the census suffrage, which the party, like the left-leaning Liberal factions, sought to amend.


1911 Romanian general election, Results
As noted years later by candidate Bacalbașa, Carp's team "put their faith in the administrative machine, on one hand, and, on the other, on [having a] popular platform." Bacalbașa reserves praise for Marghiloman, who, as Minister of the Interior, "proved himself a strong organizer and an extraordinary elector." He also claims that the resulting Chamber was "clean and independent", "dominated by a democratic current." Other sources are more blunt in attributing Carp's win to electoral fraud. As noted by cultural historian Z. Ornea: "Marghiloman sensed the danger [...] and ran the elections in an indescribable manner. Contemporaries recount that people were simply terrified." The PCD press described the voting count as "the least dignified" in Romania's history, while the PC's newspapers accused the united opposition of buying its votes.


1911 Romanian general election, Aftermath
After also securing the elections of G. G. Cantacuzino as Head Senator and Constantin Olănescu as Chamber President, Carp was in near-complete control of Romanian politics. The opposition abstained during the subsequent election for Bucharest Council, leaving only the Conservative factions to compete, informally, for the appointment of a mayor. Matache Dobrescu, a favorite of Carp's, took that position, defeating Filipescu protégé Mihail "Mișu" Deșliu. Similar disputes over offices soon led the Conservatives to lose support from parliamentarians such as Ion C. Grădișteanu and Ermil Pangrati, who, either formally or informally, went to the united opposition. The anti-Carp Conservative Gheorghe Manu, who took a Chamber seat in Teleorman County, boycotted parliamentary proceedings until his death on May 16.


1911 Romanian general election, Aftermath
The Carp administration was soon hindered by political scandals such as the Gherasim Safirin affair, but alternating with displays of diplomatic success, as with the celebrated visit to Bucharest of Count Nogi. By August, the newspaper headlines were about the "Tramcar Affair", an issue first brought up by Marghiloman and Dobrescu. Government voted to dissolve the Bucharest Tramcar Society on suspicion that it functioned as part of the PNL political machine. When international experts found the Society to have been legally operating, the PNL and PCD instigated massive demonstrations against Carp.


1911 Romanian general election, Aftermath
Meanwhile, with the start of an international emergency (the Tripolitanian Crisis), the king hoped to obtain a stable government by making the PCD a partner in government, and negotiations to this effect began between Carp and Ionescu. These broke down when Ionescu asked for new elections that fall. In December, citing as their reason the government's obstinacy in the Tramcar Affair, 53 senators and deputies of both opposition parties resigned, including Brătianu. This time brought the Conservatives and the PSDR into an informal alliance, with counter-demonstrations being staged by both parties together. The government fulfilled its promise to the workers, and passed a social package—making Romania the fourth European country to introduce compulsory insurance, and creating a network of public healthcare facilities.


1911 Romanian general election, Aftermath
In March 1912, the Tramcar Affair reached its climax. Following an unfavorable verdict at the High Court and PNL-instigated riots in Bucharest, Carp handed in his resignation. The king took the decision to install another Conservative team, with Maiorescu taking over as Prime Minister. The new cabinet resumed talks with the PCD, spurred on by the need for stability in the context of the First Balkan War—these produced a PC–PCD cabinet, also headed by Maiorescu, which announced elections in late 1912. These two defeats would cause a definitive end to the 50-year-long friendship between Carp and Maiorescu, and lead to the former's marginalization within the PC.


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election
The Ross and Cromarty by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election, Vacancy
James Galloway Weir died. He had been the sitting Liberal MP since 1892.


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election, Electoral history
This was a safe Liberal seat that the party had won at every election since 1847. Weir was returned at the last general election in December 1910. The previous contested election before that was the General Election in January 1910;


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election, Result
Polling took place on 14 June. Macpherson easily held the seat for the Liberals. Compared with the last contested election, his share of the vote only dropped by 1%;


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election, Aftermath
A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election.


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election, Aftermath
Due to the outbreak of war, the election never was postponed. Macpherson supported the Lloyd George Coalition Government and received their endorsement at the 1918 election.


1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election, Aftermath
Templeton did not contest the 1918 elections but was later elected as MP for Banffshire.


1911 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1911 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University during the 1911 college football season. The 1911 Rutgers team compiled a 4–4–1 record and was outscored by opponents by a combined total of 99 to 25. Howard Gargan was the team's coach, and James K. Alverson was the team captain.


1911 Rutgers Queensmen football team, Roster
The players on the 1911 football team were as follows.


1911 SAFL Grand Final
The 1911 SAFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. West Adelaide beat Port Adelaide by 51 to 46.


1911 SAFL season
The 1911 South Australian Football League season was the 35th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1911 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1911 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University during the 1911 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach John R. Bender, the Billikens compiled a 7–1–2 record, shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 112 to 21. The team played its home games at Sportsman's Park at St. Louis.


1911 San Diego mayoral election
The 1911 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 4, 1911 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent Mayor Grant Conard and James E. Wadham received the most votes in the primary election and advanced to the runoff. Wadham was then elected mayor with a majority of the votes.


1911 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Incumbent Mayor Grant Conard, a Republican, stood for reelection on a non-partisan ticket. Conard's reelection was challenged by James E. Wadham, a Democrat. Also contesting the race was G.W. Miner, a Socialist.


1911 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
On March 21, 1911, Conard and Wadham received the two highest vote totals in the primary and advanced to the general election. Wadham was then elected mayor on April 4, 1911 with a majority of the votes in the runoff.


1911 Sarez earthquake
The 1911 Sarez earthquake occurred at 18:41 UTC on 18 February (23:31 local time) in the central Pamir Mountains in the Rushon District of eastern Tajikistan (then part of the Russian Empire). It had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 on the surface wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of about IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a massive landslide, blocking the Murghab River and forming the Usoi Dam, the tallest dam in the world, creating Sarez Lake. The earthquake and related landslides destroyed many buildings and killed about 100 people.


1911 Sarez earthquake, Tectonic setting
The earthquake epicenter is located in the central Pamir Mountains. These mountains form the western end of the Himalayan chain, caused by the continuing continental collision between the northward moving Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The area is affected by active faulting on both thrust faults and strike-slip faults. The 1911 earthquake occurred within the Pamir Hindu Kush seismic zone, which is regularly affected by earthquakes, some of which have magnitudes of 7 or greater.


1911 Sarez earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake
The earthquake lasted for two minutes and was followed by an aftershock an hour later. The energy radiated by this event was one of the first to be estimated from seismograph recordings of seismic waves. Current estimates for the magnitude lie in the range 7.4–7.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale. The earthquake caused the waters of Lake Karakul to surge over its eastern rim, leaving behind a large sheet of ice as it withdrew.


1911 Sarez earthquake, Characteristics, Landslides
The earthquake triggered numerous landslides along the slopes of the Bartang, Tanimas and Murghab valleys. The largest of these blocked the Murghab river, forming the Usoi Dam and creating the Sarez and Shadau lakes. The Usoi landslide had an estimated volume of about 2 km3. The dam is the highest in the world at about 600 m, impounding a lake containing 17.5 km3 of water. The slide originated from a 4,500 m high mountain, falling 1,800 m to its present location.


1911 Sarez earthquake, Damage
The area of greatest damage extended along the Bartang River from Basid in the west continuing along the Murghab River to Sarez in the east, also involving the kishlaks of Barchidiv, Nisur, Sagnob, Rukhch and Oroshor. The Usoi landslide completely destroyed the Usoi kishlak. Estimates of casualties from the earthquake and related landslides range from 90 to 302.


1911 Sarez earthquake, Aftermath
The landslides and the formation of Sarez Lake caused significant migration of the inhabitants of the upper Bartang valley.


1911 Schubart
1911 Schubart, provisional designation 1973 UD, is a dark Hildian asteroid and parent body of the Schubart family, located in the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 October 1973, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory, near Bern, Switzerland. The asteroid was named after German astronomer Joachim Schubart.


1911 Schubart, Orbit and classification
With an diameter of 65–80 kilometers, it is one of the largest members of the Hilda group of asteroids, which are in 3:2 orbital resonance with the gas-giant Jupiter. More specifically, it is the parent body and namesake of the Schubart family (002), one of two asteroid families within the Hilda group (the other one is the Hilda family itself). It is the darkest P-type asteroid with a very low geometric albedo of 0.0249.


1911 Schubart, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as 1928 DW at Heidelberg Observatory in February 1928, more than 45 years prior to its official discovery observation at Zimmerwald .


1911 Schubart, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Schubart is a primitive P-type asteroid. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized it as both P- and C-type asteroid.


1911 Schubart, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Schubart measures between 64.66 and 80.13 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0249 and 0.04.


1911 Schubart, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0316 and a diameter of 80.11 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.85.


1911 Schubart, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Two rotational lightcurves of Schubart were obtained from photometric observations by Johan Warell and Robert Stephens in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 7.91 and 11.915 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 and 0.22 in magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).


1911 Schubart, Naming
The minor planet is named in after German ARI-astronomer Joachim Schubart (born 1928), who is also a discoverer of minor planets, namely 2000 Herschel and 4724 Brocken. He studied in detail members of the Hilda family, as he developed an averaging techniques for observing the long-term motions of asteroids. Schubart has also been an active member on several commissions of the International Astronomical Union. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3937).


1911 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1911 Sewanee Tigers football team represented Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1911 college football season.


1911 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1911 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1911 college football season.


1911 South Dakota Coyotes football team
The 1911 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its first season under head coach James Henderson, the team compiled a 7–1 record and outscored them by a total of 162 to 14.


1911 South Somerset by-election
The South Somerset by-election, 1911 was the second Parliamentary by-election for that constituency of 1885 to 1918. The seat was one of seven county seats in Somerset, England which had four other, urban members until 1918.


1911 South Somerset by-election, Vacancy
Sir Edward Strachey the Liberal MP since 1892, was raised to the peerage as Baron Strachie, of Sutton Court in the County of Somerset and accepted ennoblement at start of November 1911 to join the House of Lords. This is in connection with the Parliament Act 1911, where many Liberal peers were created to overcome their relative deficit, a party having had renewed landslide political support of the people in the elected chamber.


1911 South Somerset by-election, Candidates
Henry Harvey Vivian, born in West Devon, was given the task of defending a seat that had been Liberal since it was created in 1885. He had been Liberal MP for Birkenhead until his defeat at the December 1910 general election.


1911 South Somerset by-election, Candidates
The Conservative candidate was Hon. Aubrey Herbert who had stood here unsuccessfully in both 1910 general elections. He was second son of the 4th Earl of Carnarvon, whose family owned a small part of the district, including Pixton Park, West Somerset, one of his permanent main homes. A soldier, diplomat, traveller, and intelligence officer, he was later associated with the Albanian independence movement. He was twice offered that nation's throne. He died in 1923, aged 43.


1911 South Somerset by-election, Campaign
The campaign seems to have fought mostly on the issue of the National Insurance Act. On 13 November, in a portent of things to come, the Unionists won a Liberal seat in a by-election at Oldham. Herbert entered polling day in a mood of great optimism


1911 South Somerset by-election, Aftermath
A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.


1911 South Somerset by-election, Aftermath
For the 1918 elections, the seat grew eastwards, reflecting urban population rise elsewhere since 1885, to become "Yeovil"


1911 South Sydney Rabbitohs season
The 1911 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 4th in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season 3rd. The top two teams were to play each other for the grand final, however South Sydney and the Eastern Suburbs Roosters both finished second on the ladder with 20 points. An addition playoff game was put in place to decide who would play the Glebe Dirty Reds in the final. Souths lost 23-10.


1911 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Fixtures, Finals
Eastern Suburbs  23 (Tries: Dally Messenger 2, Eddie White; Goals: Dally Messenger 7)


1911 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Fixtures, Finals
South Sydney Rabbitohs 10 (Tries: Eddie Hilliard, Arthur McCabe; Goals: Wally Dymant 2)


1911 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1911 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1911 college football season. The season began on September 23.


1911 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
Edwin Pope's Football's Greatest Coaches notes: "A lightning-swift backfield of Lew Hardage, Wilson Collins, Ammie Sikes, and Ray Morrison pushed Vandy through 1911 with only a 9–8 loss to Michigan." The Atlanta Constitution voted Vanderbilt's the best backfield in the South. Morrison is considered one of the best quarterbacks in Vanderbilt's long history


1911 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election
The Southern Rhodesia Legislative Council election of 12 April 1911 was the fifth election to the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia. The Legislative Council had, since 1907, comprised thirteen voting members: the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia ex officio, five members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and seven members elected by registered voters from four electoral districts. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, Robert Burns-Begg also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.


1911 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Boundaries
The boundaries of the districts were slightly changed at this election. Only minor changes were made to the Eastern and Northern Districts, but a substantial area of territory around Kariba and Gokwe was removed from the Midlands District to the Western District.


1911 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Nominated members
The members nominated by the British South Africa Company were:


1911 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election, Nominated members
Clarkson Henry Tredgold was absent during the second session of the Legislative Council, and was replaced by Robert Macilwaine (Acting Attorney-General) from 30 November 1911.


1911 Southwest Texas State football team
The 1911 Southwest Texas State Normal School football teamwas an American football team that represented Southwest Texas State Normal School—now known as Texas State University–as an independent during th 1911 college football season. In its second season under head coach James R. Coxen, the team compiled a 1–3 record. A. W. Graham was the team's captain.


1911 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1911 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Clement J. McNaspy, the team compiled a 1–4–1 record.


1911 Spring Hill Badgers football team
The 1911 Spring Hill Badgers football team represented the Spring Hill College during the 1911 college football season. The team was coached by E. G. Maxon. The team played its games at Campus Athletic Field, later called Maxon Field. The season was an unfortunate one. The team "outplayed Marion, but lost the game out of sheer bad luck. Southern University won only by Spring Hill's failure to kick goal.


1911 St Augustine's by-election
The St Augustine's by-election of 1911 was held on 7 July 1911. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Aretas Akers-Douglas becoming Viscount Chilston. It was won by the Conservative candidate Ronald McNeill, who was unopposed.


1911 St. Bonaventure Brown and White football team
The 1911 St. Bonaventure Brown and White football team represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1911 college football season. Under first-year head coach and captain Daniel Pickett, the St. Bonaventure eleven compiled a 2–2 record, and were outscored by their opponents 80 to 11. They posted two shutouts, against Bradford, and Lebanon Valley, while themselves being shut out twice by two college football powerhouses, undefeated co-national champion Penn State (NCF), and a Notre Dame team that went undefeated, and outscored their opponents 222 to 9. Nicknames for the football team included the Brown and White, as that was their school colors, and the Alleganians, given St. Bonaventure's proximity to Allegany, New York.


1911 St. Bonaventure Brown and White football team
St. Bonaventure also fielded a reserve team, captained by Donovan, and defeated Renovo 20 to 5 on November 11. Of the 11 points amassed by the football team, ten were scored by halfback Clare, while fullback Regan completed one extra point in the contest against Bradford.


1911 St. Louis Browns season
The 1911 St. Louis Browns season involved the Browns finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 45 wins and 107 losses.


1911 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1911 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1911 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1911 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 30th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 20th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 75–74 during the season and finished 5th in the National League.


1911 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1911 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1911 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 St. Viator football team
The 1911 St. Viator football team represented St. Viator College during the 1911 college football season. The team compiled a 4–2 record, but were outscored 71 to 47 by their opponents.


1911 Swarthmore Quakers football team
The 1911 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1911 college football season. The team compiled a 7–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 84 to 23. George H. Brooke was the head coach.


1911 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden between 3 and 24 September 1911, the first election in Sweden with universal male suffrage. The Free-minded National Association (FL) emerged as the largest party, winning 102 of the 230 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag.


1911 Swedish general election
As a result of the election, the General Electoral League's Arvid Lindman resigned as Prime Minister and was replaced by FL leader Karl Staaff.


1911 Swiss federal election
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 29 October 1911. The Free Democratic Party retained its majority in the National Council.


1911 Swiss federal election, Electoral system
The 189 members of the National Council were elected in 49 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.


1911 Swiss federal election, Electoral system
The elections were held under the new Federal law concerning the constituencies for the election of National Council members of passed on 23 June 1911. Following the 1910 census the number of seats was increased from 167 to 189, although the number of constituencies remained the same. Bern and Zürich both gained three seats, Aargau, St. Gallen and Vaud gained two, whilst, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Fribourg, Geneva, Graubünden, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Solothurn, Ticino and Thurgau all gained one. A referendum on introducing proportional representation had been held in October 1910, and although it was approved by a majority of cantons, it was narrowly rejected by voters.


1911 Swiss federal election, Results, Summary
Voter turnout was highest in Aargau at 83.1% (higher than the 80% in Schaffhausen, where voting was compulsory) and lowest in Obwalden at 21.1%.


1911 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1911 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1911 NCAA football season. The head coach was C. DeForest Cummings, coaching his first season with the Orangemen. The team played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York.


1911 TCU football team
The 1911 TCU football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) during the 1911 college football season. Led by Henry W. Lever in his first and only year as head coach, TCU compiled an overall record of 4–5. They played their home games at Morris Park in Fort Worth, Texas.


1911 TCU football team
A game with Texas scheduled for October 7 was cancelled following the death of Billy Wasmund, the Longhorns's head coach.


1911 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1911 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1911 college football season. Zora G. Clevenger served the first season of his five-year tenure as head coach. Prior to coming to Tennessee, Clevenger coached at Nebraska Wesleyan University.


1911 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1911 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M during the 1911 college football season.


1911 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1911 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1911 college football season.


1911 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 1911 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1911 college football season. This was the seventh year of intercollegiate football at The Citadel, with Louis LeTellier serving as coach for the first season. The Bulldogs played their second season as full members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. All home games are believed to have been played at College Park Stadium in Hampton Park.


1911 Tie Cup Final
The 1911 Tie Cup Final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 12th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Argentine San Isidro and Uruguayan Wanderers,


1911 Tie Cup Final
In the match, played at Estadio G.E.B.A. in Belgrano, Wanderers won its first Tie Cup after beating San Isidro (which played its first final) 2–0.


1911 Tie Cup Final, Overview
San Isidro earned its place in the final after having won the 1911 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club, where the squad beat San Isidro (3–0), Quilmes (4–0), and Estudiantes de Buenos Aires in the final (4–2 at Racing Club Stadium). The match was held in Gimnasia y Esgrima Stadium in Palermo on October 1, 1911.


1911 Tie Cup Final, Overview
In a game fiercely disputed, Wanderers opened the score on 38 minutes when goalkeeper Carlos Tomás Wilson intercepted the ball before winger C. Riss advanced to the goal, throwing it away. Nevertheless, Rébori caught the ball and shot to the goal before Wilson could go back.


1911 Tie Cup Final, Overview
In the second half, Wanderers scored again on 34 minutes when Bastos made a long pass after dribbling Malbrán and Olivari. The ball came to Costa who shot for the second goal to secure the result. Thus, Wanderers won its first Tie Cup, which was also the first time an Uruguayan side won the final.


1911 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1911 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1911 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
Thurles won the championship after a 4-05 to 1-00 defeat of Toomevara in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their first title since 1909.


1911 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1911 Toronto Argonauts season was the 28th season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in first place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 5–1 record and qualified for the playoffs. After defeating the Hamilton Alerts in the Eastern Final, the Argonauts lost the 3rd Grey Cup to the Toronto Varsity Blues.


1911 Toronto Argonauts season
Coach Joe Lee unexpectedly resigned on October 4, two days before the first league game, and was replaced the next day by ex-University of Toronto quarterback Billy Foulds.


1911 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 2, 1911. Mayor George Reginald Geary was easily reelected mayor.


1911 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor
Mayor George Reginald Geary had been elected mayor the year previous 1910. His only opposition were two candidates who had never before held elected office. Herbert Capewell, who finished second, had no intention of winning and declared his campaign a protest against the city taking over public transit in the city from private companies.


1911 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control
There was one change to the Board of Control as Toronto Daily Star founder Horatio Clarence Hocken won a seat at the expense of incumbent Thomas Foster.


1911 Toronto municipal election, City council
Results taken from the January 3, 1911 Toronto Globe and might not exactly match final tallies.


1911 Tour de France
The 1911 Tour de France was the ninth edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 2 to 30 July. It was composed of 15 stages over 5,343 kilometres (3,320 mi), ridden at an average speed of 27.322 km/h. The results were computed by giving each rider points according to his finishing position on each stage, and the rider with the fewest points at the end of the race won the overall competition. It was a gruelling tour, with the longest stage, 470 km long, taking almost 18 hours for the fastest riders to complete. Out of the 84 riders who started the tour, only 28 completed the race. After the introduction of the Pyrenees in the previous edition, in 1911 the Alps were first visited; for this addition, the 1911 edition has been named the first modern Tour.


1911 Tour de France
Newcomer Paul Duboc won four stages and was close to winning the Tour, but he fell sick midway through the race while he was in second place in the general classification. The winner was Gustave Garrigou, who also won two stages.


1911 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
In 1910, the Tour de France included the Pyrenees mountains for the first time. That was a success, so in 1911 the Tour organisers also included the Alps. The favourite mountain of the Tour organiser Henri Desgrange was the Col du Galibier, about which he wrote "O, col Bayard, O, Tourmalet... next to Galibier you are worthless." During the 1910 Tour, cyclists had protested against the inclusion of high mountains, but at the 1911 Tour, all important cyclists were present.


1911 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
What did not change was the points system; similar to the 1905–1910 Tours, this race was decided on points. A cyclist received points, based on their rankings. As in 1910, the points system was "cleaned up" two times: after the ninth stage and after the 14th stage. Cyclists who had abandoned the race were removed from the rankings of the previous stages, and the classification was recalculated.


1911 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
Since 1906, the Tour de France had crossed the German border into Alsace-Lorraine. After 1910, the German authorities did not allow this any more, so the Tour stayed in France.


1911 Tour de France, Teams
As in the year before, there were two categories of riders. The best riders started in sponsored teams; there were four different teams, with 37 riders in total. The stages had checkpoints where riders had to sign, and on these checkpoints the sponsored riders were allowed to be given food and drinks. The other category consisted of 47 isolated riders; they were not allowed to be given food or drinks during these checkpoints.


1911 Tour de France, Teams
The previous edition had been a close battle between teammates Octave Lapize and François Faber from the Alcyon team, won by Lapize. Lapize had changed teams to the La Française team, where he was joined by former winner Lucien Petit-Breton (winner in 1907 and 1908). Petit-Breton was a late replacement for Cyrille van Hauwaert, who was not feeling healthy enough to ride the Tour.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
The first stage was won by Garrigou, a teammate of Faber at Alcyon. In that first stage, Petit-Breton had to leave the race after a series of unfortunate events. The Alcyon team also won the second stage with Masselis. The third stage was won by Faber, after a 206 km solitary breakaway. During that stage, Émile Georget was leading when he was hit by a car and fell down a ravine. In the same stage, Faber had passed a checkpoint without signing, and as a penalty he had to stop for two and a half minutes. Despite this, he still won with an advantage of 17 minutes, and took the lead in the general classification.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
In the fourth stage, Garrigou took back the lead from his teammate Faber. At that point, Faber became insecure, as he knew that Garrigou was a good climber, while the big Faber had troubles in the mountains. In the alps, Georget was the best. Garrigou finished well before Faber, and was now leading by 10 points. The sixth stage, with only small mountains, was won by Faber, after a 260 km solitary breakaway, but because Garrigou came in second, he was still in the lead. In third place was Paul Duboc, a surprising newcomer.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
Duboc was the strongest in the eighth stage, and after his stage victory, he was in second place in the general classification. In the ninth stage, Faber lost contact with Garrigou in the general classification by finishing in twentieth place. Duboc won again, and had shown that he was a good climber, and was considered a favourite for the tenth stage which also included mountains, and a serious threat for Garrigou in the generalt classification; after this stage, Garrigou was leading with 27 points, while Duboc had 37 points.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
In that ninth stage, Maurice Brocco who knew that he would not win the Tour, had sold his services to another cyclist. He was removed from the race by Tour organiser Desgrange, who was against cyclists helping each other. Brocco objected against this decision, and pending the decision he was allowed to start the tenth stage from Luchon to Bayonne. In that tenth stage, Brocco attacked and finished first. After the stage, his appeal was rejected and he was removed from the race.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
Also in the tenth stage, Duboc collapsed just before Bayonne, probably due to food poisoning, attributed to a spiked drink. At that moment, he was leading the stage, eight minutes before the next cyclist. According to the rules, no help was allowed, so other cyclists rode by him while he was lying on the road, vomiting. Duboc was able to get on his bicycle again, and finished the stage in 21st place, which left him no hopes for the victory.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
Nowadays, it is thought that François Lafourcade, a cyclist who performed well in the mountains of the 1910 Tour had something to do with it, but in 1911 the first suspect was his main competitor Garrigou. Garrigou was threatened, and the Tour organisation gave him a bodyguard, and when the Tour passed Duboc's home town, Garrigou was disguised.


1911 Tour de France, Race overview
Duboc regained his strengths and won two more stages, but was unable to close the gap to Garrigou in the general classification, so Garrigou became the winner of the race. At the end of the race in Paris, Duboc received a large welcome, overshadowing Garrigou. The pre-race favourites had already abandoned early in the race — 1907 and 1908 winner Petit-Breton in the first stage and 1910 winner Lapize in stage four. The winner from 1909, Faber, lasted longer, but he gave up during stage twelve.


1911 Tour de France, Results, General classification
Of the 84 starting cyclists, 28 finished. The winner, Gustave Garrigou, received 5000 francs for his victory.


1911 Tour de France, Results, Other classifications
Thirteenth-placed Paul Deman became the winner of the "isolés" category. The organising newspaper l'Auto named Paul Duboc the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 1911 Tour de France was the 9th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 2 July and Stage 8 occurred on 16 July with a flat stage to Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 30 July.


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 1
2 July 1911 — Paris to Dunkerque, 351 km (218.1 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 2
4 July 1911 — Dunkerque to Longwy, 388 km (241.1 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 3
6 July 1911 — Longwy to Belfort, 331 km (206 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 4
8 July 1911 — Belfort to Chamonix, 344 km (214 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 5
10 July 1911 — Chamonix to Grenoble, 366 km (227 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 6
12 July 1911 — Grenoble to Nice, 348 km (216 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 7
14 July 1911 — Nice to Marseille, 334 km (208 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 8
16 July 1911 — Marseille to Perpignan, 335 km (208.2 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15
The 1911 Tour de France was the 9th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 2 July and Stage 9 occurred on 18 July with a mountainous stage from Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 30 July.


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 9
18 July 1911 — Perpignan to Luchon, 289 km (180 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 10
20 July 1911 — Luchon to Bayonne, 326 km (202.6 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 11
22 July 1911 — Bayonne to La Rochelle, 379 km (235 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 12
23 July 1911 — La Rochelle to Brest, 470 km (290 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 13
26 July 1911 — Brest to Cherbourg, 405 km (252 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 14
28 July 1911 — Cherbourg to Le Havre, 361 km (224 mi)


1911 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 15
30 July 1911 — Le Havre to Paris, 317 km (197 mi)


1911 Trinity Bantams football team
The 1911 Trinity Bantams football team represented the Trinity College during the 1911 college football season. The team upset Colgate.


1911 Tulane Olive and Blue football team
The 1911 Tulane Olive and Blue football team represented Tulane University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1911 college football season.


1911 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1911 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, United States. The men's singles tournament ran from 21 August until 3 September while the women's singles and doubles championship took place from 12 June to 17 June at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill. It was the 31st staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year. William Larned won the men's singles championship for a record seventh and final time.


1911 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
William Larned (USA) defeated  Maurice McLoughlin (USA) 6–4, 6–4, 6–2


1911 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Singles
Hazel Hotchkiss (USA) defeated  Florence Sutton (USA) 8–10, 6–1, 9–7


1911 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Raymond Little (USA) /  Gustav Touchard (USA) defeated  Fred Alexander (USA) /  Harold Hackett (USA) 7–5, 13–15, 6–2, 6–4


1911 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Hazel Hotchkiss (USA) /  Eleonora Sears (USA) defeated  Dorothy Green (USA) /  Florence Sutton (USA) 6–4, 4–6, 6–2


1911 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Hazel Hotchkiss (USA) /  Wallace F. Johnson (USA) defeated  Edna Wildey (USA) /  Herbert Morris Tilden (USA) 6–4, 6–4


1911 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Defending champion William Larned defeated Maurice McLoughlin in the Challenge Round 6–4, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1911 U.S. National Championships. McLoughlin defeated Beals Wright in the All Comers' Final.


1911 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
The event was held at the Newport Casino in Newport, R.I., USA.


1911 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Reigning champion Hazel Hotchkiss won the singles tennis title of the 1911 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Florence Sutton 8–10, 6–1, 9–7 in the challenge round. Sutton had won the right to challenge Hotchkiss by defeating Eleonora Sears 6–2, 6–1 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 12 through June 17, 1911.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1911 U.S. Open was the 17th U.S. Open, held June 23–26 at Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago. Nineteen-year-old John McDermott became the first American-born champion by defeating Mike Brady and George Simpson in an 18-hole playoff.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
Two past champions, Alec Ross and Fred McLeod, shared the 36-hole lead on Friday evening at 149 (−3), with McDermott, Brady, and Simpson four shots back at 153, in a five-way tie for fourth.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
Ross struggled on a rainy Saturday with 81-82 for 312 (+8) and fell into a tie for ninth. McLeod had a three-stroke lead after 54 holes, but finished with 83 for 308. Simpson posted 79-75 for 307, while Brady tied Simpson with a final round 75. McDermott made a birdie on the final hole for 79 to join Simpson and Brady, forcing a three-way playoff. Sunday was an idle day.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
In the playoff on Monday afternoon, McDermott led Brady by four after the turn, with Simpson one more back. Brady then played the next four holes in one-under par while McDermott made three consecutive bogeys, evening up the contest with four holes remaining. McDermott took the lead at the 15th after Brady missed a four-footer (1.2 m) for par, then sealed the championship with an approach to the par-5 18th that settled ten feet (3 m) from the hole. He two-putted for birdie and 80, two strokes ahead of Brady and five clear of Simpson at 85.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
At 19, McDermott became the youngest U.S. Open champion, a mark that still stands, and was also its first American-born champion. He successfully defended his title the following year, but by 1914 he began suffering from mental illness and his career was essentially over at age 23.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
The Open Championship in England was held June 26−30 at Sandwich.


1911 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the first U.S. Open since the death of four-time champion Willie Anderson  (1901, 1903, 1904, 1905); he had played in the previous fourteen editions and died the previous October at age 31.


1911 U.S. Open (golf), Past champions in the field
Did not play: Laurie Auchterlonie (1902), Harry Vardon (1900), Willie Smith (1899).


1911 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round
Amateurs: Seckel (+9), Sawyer (+15), Phelps (+16), Gardner (+17), Egan (+17), Watson (+17),                 Ames (+22), Sellers (+31), Devol (+37).


1911 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1911 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Rome, Italy in 1911. Four events for men were contested, two for professionals and two for amateurs.


1911 USFSA Football Championship
Statistics of the USFSA Football Championship in the 1911 season.


1911 United Kingdom census
The United Kingdom Census 1911 of 2 April 1911 was the 12th nationwide census conducted in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The total population of the United Kingdom was approximately 45,221,000, with 36,070,000 recorded in England and Wales, 4,761,000 in Scotland, and 4,390,000 in Ireland.


1911 United Kingdom census, Geographical scope
The census covered England, Wales, Scotland, the Channel Islands, and ships of the Royal Navy at sea and in ports abroad.


1911 United Kingdom census, Geographical scope
The Census of Ireland, 1911 was carried out on the same day but the records are held separately by the National Archives of Ireland.


1911 United Kingdom census, Questions
The 1911 census was the first to ask about nationality, the duration of current marriage, number of children born within that marriage, number of living children and the number of any children who had died. It was the first to record full details of British Army personnel stationed overseas instead of requiring just a simple headcount.


1911 United Kingdom census, Questions
This census was subject to protests by women seeking the right to vote in the UK,with some suffragettes like Joan Cather refusing to fill in the forms, which were returned with sloganned stickers. Her husband supported her position as he annotated the Census form that he had 'conscientious scruples' as head of household to note any 'female occupants' to avoid the census statistics being used by legislators for 'further vexatious legislation' against women 'in which they have no voice'. He went on to say he would provide the information if the Conciliation Committee Bill passed into law. The Registrar did however note two females as 'the probable number'. Emily Davison hid herself in a cupboard at the Palace of Westminster, becoming, when found, listed on the form as an occupant of the building.


1911 United Kingdom census, Questions
It was also the first census where the forms were completed by the respondents and retained rather than being copied into the enumeration books.


1911 United Kingdom census, Questions
The census forms (schedules) contained an address and schedule number and were divided into sixteen columns:


1911 United Kingdom census, Online access
The census data was published online on a subscription basis in 2009.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave
The United Kingdom heatwave of 1911 was a particularly severe heat wave and associated drought. Records were set around the country for temperature in England, including the highest accepted temperature, at the time, of 36.7 °C (98.1 °F), only broken 79 years later in the 1990 heatwave, which reached 37.1 °C (98.8 °F). The highest ever accepted temperature is currently 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) recorded on 25 July 2019 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. Weather in Northern Europe was also affected around about this time.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Description
The heatwave began around early July and ended two and a half months later, in mid September.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Description
By 17 July temperatures were 27 °C (81 °F) and by 20 July there had been no rain for 20 days, meaning a drought had officially begun. In the height of the heatwave, at the end of July, temperatures were 33 °C (91 °F) in Kings Lynn, breaking all previous records in that area. The heat wave and drought continued into August, with temperatures up to 27 °C (81 °F) on 1 August continuing throughout the month in London. Even into September, the heat wave was still continuing, with temperatures up to 33 °C (91 °F) in early September.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Description
The heat wave and drought only ended on 11 September when average temperatures dropped by 20 degrees Fahrenheit (6.6C) and the high pressure dominating the country receded, allowing rain over all parts of the country.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Heatwave impacts
The impacts of the heatwave extended over all parts and sectors of the country. The impacts began to be felt around mid July, around three weeks after the heat wave began. Because of the extreme heat, working patterns changed in Lancashire, with work beginning at dawn, around 4:30 am and finishing around midday, to avoid the hottest part of the day in the quarrying industry there. Fatalities became common and newspapers such as The Times ran Deaths by heat columns as temperatures continued to rise. The heat also caused indirect deaths, by melting the asphalt on roads, causing numerous accidents.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Heatwave impacts
By the beginning of August, even the health of country people was being adversely effected with stifling, humid nights, meaning food spoiled very quickly without refrigeration and sewage spilled out. Also in August, striking became common, most notably in the Victoria and Albert Docks, where the entire workforce of 5000 people walked out, because of the intolerable heat, meaning the whole area came to a standstill.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Drought impacts
The extensive drought affected all parts of the country. Again, the effects were felt around mid July, when early harvests were taken in and fires began to break out, along railway tracks in Ascot and gorse around Newbury. By the end of July, the heat and lack of rain had begun to affect agriculture. There was a shortage of grass for cattle as pastures turned brown from drought. This forced farmers to raise the price of milk, to compensate for the lack of production.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Drought impacts
On 28 July trees and some rare plants had begun to wither and die with the lack of water in the soil, even in shaded areas all around the country. By August, wells, water pumps and water supplies had begun to run completely dry. This led to the stopping of activity in farming and pasture in Essex and the closing of wool mills in Bradford, each an important industry in its area.


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Drought impacts
An unusual impact of the hot and dry 1911 summer was seen in the County Championship of 1911, where Warwickshire's narrow win was the only time between 1890 and 1935 where the Championship was not won by one of the "Big Six" of Yorkshire, Surrey, Kent, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire and Middlesex. The unusually hot and dry weather created extremely fast pitches that suited Warwickshire's pace bowlers Foster and Field and camouflaged their deficiencies in batting and spin bowling on wet pitches


1911 United Kingdom heat wave, Sunshine
Sunshine in July 1911 broke all time records for the UK and across the south coast of England, with Eastbourne, Sussex topping 383.9 hours and many other south coast spots not far behind. Much of the south coast outshone many Mediterranean locations, and Eastbourne was very close to the levels of sunshine expected in Las Vegas and in the Nevada desert in the US for July. Since the average July sunshine in Eastbourne is about 255 hours, the town received about 50% more sunshine than usual.


1911 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona
Arizona's first election to the United States House of Representatives was held on Tuesday December 12, 1911, for the 62nd Congress.


1911 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona, Background
Arizona joined the union as the 48th state on February 14, 1912, having already elected its first Representative in December. Arizona Territory had been formed in 1863 from the western half of New Mexico Territory, and originally included a portion of Nevada, until 1866. From the time of its creation until statehood, the territory was represented in Congress by a delegate. An early version of the Oklahoma Enabling Act also contained a clause for admitting Arizona Territory and New Mexico Territory as a single state, but that clause was removed in the final version. Arizona was the last territory in the contiguous United States, and after Arizona's admission, it would be another 47 years before another State (Alaska) was admitted.


1911 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico
The 1911 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico was held on November 7, 1911, in anticipation of the admission of the state of New Mexico. Two representatives were elected to the at-large congressional district on a single ballot. This election took place during the 62nd Congress; the winners were seated on January 8, 1912.


1911 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico, Background
New Mexico joined the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. It had been a territory since 1850, originally including Arizona and a portion of Nevada until 1863. New Mexico Territory and Arizona Territory had long sought statehood, and during the debates over admitting Oklahoma, and early version of the Oklahoma Enabling Act included a clause providing for New Mexico Territory and Arizona Territory to be admitted as a single state, but this was later removed. New Mexico was finally admitted as a state during the 62nd Congress, with 2 Representatives, which was subsequently reduced to 1 in the Apportionment Act of 1911, passed prior to New Mexico statehood.


1911 United States House of Representatives elections
There were elections in 1911 to the United States House of Representatives.


1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
The 1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held during January 1911. Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge won election to a fourth term despite intense opposition within his own party.


1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
At the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of the combined houses of the Massachusetts General Court.


1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background
Lodge faced opposition from Progressive Republicans over his alleged support of big business and trade restrictions, as well as his "bossism" and opposition to popular election of Senators. The opposition was led by U.S. Representative Butler Ames, who declared his candidacy against Lodge on June 26, 1910.


1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background
Following the 1910 state election, the incoming Massachusetts Senate was composed of 25 Republicans and 15 Democrats. The Massachusetts House of Representatives was composed of 128 Republicans, 111 Democrats, and one Socialist. The overall composition of the General Court was 153 Republicans, 126 Democrats, and one Socialist.


1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Polling
In a November 10 canvas of Republican state legislators-elect, the Daily Globe found 51 in favor of Lodge's re-election, 12 opposed, and 50 uncommitted. 40 did not respond.


1911 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Polling
In a November 23 canvas of Republican state legislators-elect, the Daily Globe found 62 in favor of Lodge's re-election, 14 opposed, and 64 uncommitted. 13 did not respond.


1911 United States Senate election in New York
The 1911 United States Senate election in New York was held from January 17 to March 31, 1911, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.


1911 United States Senate election in New York
The initial Democratic choice for Senator, former Lieutenant Governor William F. Sheehan, was defeated. Although Sheehan had the support of Tammany Hall, insurgent Democratic legislators led by State Senator Franklin Delano Roosevelt revolted against the machine and deadlocked balloting until March. The Roosevelt faction forced a second Democratic caucus in late March to nominate Judge James A. O'Gorman, who was elected on March 31.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Background
Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been re-elected to this seat in 1905, and his term would expire on March 3, 1911.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Background
In the 1910 state election, 29 Democrats, 21 Republicans and 1 Independence Senators were elected for a two-year term (1911–1912), along with 86 Democrats, 63 Republicans and 1 Independence Leaguer were elected for the session of 1911 to the Assembly. The 134th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to October 6, 1911, at Albany, New York.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, First Democratic caucus
Ex-Lieutenant Governor William F. Sheehan announced his candidature formally in a letter to Mayor of Buffalo Louis P. Fuhrmann which was published on December 30, 1910. Before the State election, when a Democratic victory seemed to be improbable, Sheehan had made an agreement with Tammany Hall leader Charles Francis Murphy that the Tammany men would support Sheehan for the U.S. Senate.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, First Democratic caucus
The Democratic caucus met on January 16. 91 State legislators attended, but 25 were absent. Speaker Daniel D. Frisbie presided. The caucus nominated Sheehan. Edward M. Shepard, the defeated Democratic candidate for Mayor of New York in the election of 1901; and Ex-Supreme Court Justice D. Cady Herrick, the defeated Democratic candidate for Governor of New York in the election of 1904, also received votes at this caucus.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, First Democratic caucus
At the same time, an anti-Sheehan faction (in the press referred to as "the Insurgents") of 19 State legislators met at the Hampton Hotel, led by State Senator Franklin D. Roosevelt and issued a statement repudiating to take part in a caucus which follows orders from non-member political bosses.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus
The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On January 17, both houses of the state legislature took ballots separately, but no choice was made in either. Sheehan received the votes of the 91 caucus attendees, only 1 short for a nomination in the state senate, and 8 short in the Assembly. On January 18, the state legislature met in joint session, compared the votes of the previous day, found that no choice was made, and proceeded to a joint ballot.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On the joint ballot, Assemblyman Lewis S. Chanler, who had been lieutenant governor from 1907 to 1908, and the defeated Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in the election of 1909, deserted Sheehan, who received 90 votes, 9 short of election. As no choice was made, joint ballots continued to be taken every day, Monday through Saturday, at noon. Gov. Dix refused to interfere in the contest, but continued to talk privately to Mayor of New York William J. Gaynor, Boss Murphy and a few prospective compromise candidates.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On February 7, after the 18th ballot, the majority leaders, Robert F. Wagner of the state senate and Al Smith of the Assembly, called a conference for the next morning at which both factions would discuss the further proceedings. Both factions met on February 8, maintained their positions, and nothing came of it. About this time, Edward M. Shepard was taken seriously ill, and he would die a few months later.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On February 20, after the 28th ballot, Congressman Martin W. Littleton announced formally his candidature for the senatorship. Littleton had received a few scattering votes throughout the balloting, but nothing came of it.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On February 23, after the 31st ballot, a letter was received from Congressman William Sulzer stating that, if a compromise candidate was sought, he would take the senatorship. Sulzer had received a few scattering votes since the 11th ballot, but nothing came of it either.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On February 25, after the 34th ballot, Edward M. Shepard withdrew from the contest and advised the election of a compromise candidate. Most of the Insurgents then voted for two ballots for John D. Kernan, and then for Littleton.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On February 28, after the 36th ballot, Sheehan sent an open letter to the State legislators in which he declared himself for a new caucus, and his acceptance of any candidate the caucus would choose. The Insurgents answered that a new caucus was useless.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On March 3, after the 39th ballot, Governor Dix advised to abandon Sheehan, and instead to elect immediately someone "whose choice will unite the Democratic Party." Sheehan however refused to withdraw from the contest unless a new caucus chose another candidate, and none of the legislators followed Dix's advice.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Deadlock
On the same day, the term of the incumbent Chauncey M. Depew ended, and the seat became vacant on March 4.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Late election
President William H. Taft called a special session of the U.S. Senate to convene on April 4, and all parties expressed their hope that a U.S. Senator be elected by then.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Late election
On March 7, after the 42nd ballot, Mayor Gaynor seconded Gov. Dix, and advised to abandon Sheehan. Boss Murphy however re-affirmed his support for Sheehan, and the deadlock continued as before.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Late election
Intense negotiations followed to make the way clear for a new caucus. On March 18, Boss Murphy consented to a new caucus if the Insurgents accepted the candidate chosen, whoever it be. State Senator Roosevelt refused to be led into this trap, and on March 20 told Gov. Dix that the Insurgents would not be bound by the new caucus choice, expecting the Tammany majority to nominate somebody as objectionable as Sheehan, like Daniel F. Cohalan, De Lancey Nicoll or John B. Stanchfield. On March 22, after the 55th ballot, a conference of all Democratic legislators met and agreed unanimously to call a new caucus for March 27, to reconsider the nomination made on January 16.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
In the morning of March 27, before the 59th ballot, State Senator Edgar T. Brackett, the Republican minority leader, tried to articulate a combination of Republicans and Insurgents to elect an independent Democrat, but was opposed by Edwin A. Merritt, the Republican minority leader in the Assembly, and the offer was turned down by State Senator Roosevelt.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
The second Democratic caucus met on the evening of March 27, after the 59th ballot. President pro tempore of the State Senate Robert F. Wagner presided. 90 State legislators attended, among them only 4 Insurgents. Sheehan received 28 votes, and the remainder was scattered among 24 other men, but none for the Insurgents' frontrunner Martin W. Littleton. The caucus then adjourned to meet again on the next evening.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
In the morning of March 28, before the 60th ballot, Chauncey M. Depew sent a telegram from Washington, D.C. releasing the Republican State legislators from their caucus pledges, and Merritt now voiced his support of the coalition scheme. Brackett announced that the Republicans would meet in a conference to consider the combination with the Insurgents.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
The Democratic caucus met again in the evening of March 28, after the 60th ballot. Four ballots were taken, with no choice, and the caucus adjourned in the small hours of March 29 until the next morning. An hour after the adjournment, a fire broke out in the Assembly library which consumed the west wing of the New York State Capitol. The State Legislature moved to temporary accommodations in the Albany City Hall.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
The Republican conference met in the morning of March 29, before the 61st ballot, but many legislators did not appear and no action was taken. Besides, taking the fire as an excuse, most Republicans paired with regular Democrats and went home, so that no quorum was present at the joint sessions of March 29 and 30.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
The Democratic caucus met again on March 29, after the 61st ballot, but did not take any vote. State Senator Roosevelt led an Insurgent committee which informed the caucus attendees that, unless one of the names on a list submitted earlier (with the names of Herrick, Gerard, Straus, Glynn, Littleton, Dowling, Van Wyck, Parker, Kernan, Ridder and Carlisle) would be chosen, the Insurgents and Republicans would elect John D. Kernan on the next joint ballot of the state legislature.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
On March 30, the announced coalition did not materialize. Despite the Republican leaders supporting the scheme, most legislators did not attend the joint session. Besides, the Democratic caucus did not meet again, the negotiations continued only behind the scenes.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Election proceedings, Second Democratic caucus
On March 31, Boss Murphy proposed James A. O'Gorman, a justice of the New York Supreme Court whose name had never been mentioned until the first meeting of the second caucus when O'Gorman received a single vote on the first ballot. After some debate, the Insurgents accepted O'Gorman. Thereupon the caucus met again, and 14 Insurgents attended, but Roosevelt did not. O'Gorman was nominated, and the state legislature was convened in the evening to elect him. Thus ended the longest legislative deadlock in New York history after 74 days.


1911 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath
By becoming a leader of the anti-Tammany legislators almost immediately after his election to the state senate, and having survived ten weeks of what a biographer later described as "the full might of Tammany" against him, Roosevelt achieved his first victory as an elective official. This was the last U.S. senatorial election by the state legislature. The U.S. Constitution was amended soon after, and since 1914 U.S. Senators have been elected statewide by popular ballot. O'Gorman took his seat on April 4, 1911, and served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1917. In November 1916, Republican William M. Calder was elected to succeed O'Gorman.


1911 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1911 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1911. Incumbent George T. Oliver was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate. This was the last Class I U.S. Senate election to be decided by the Pennsylvania General Assembly before the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which mandated direct election of U.S. Senators.


1911 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 17, 1911, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1911. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:


1911 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1911, in eight states.


1911 United States gubernatorial elections
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland and Mississippi held their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year.


1911 United States gubernatorial elections
Massachusetts and Rhode Island both elected its governors to a single-year term; this was the last time Rhode Island elected its governors to a single-year term, switching to two years from the 1912 election.


1911 United States gubernatorial elections
Arizona and New Mexico held their first gubernatorial elections on achieving statehood.


1911 University of New Mexico football team
The 1911 University of New Mexico football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Mexico as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its first season under head coach Ralph Hutchinson (who was also the university's first athletic director), the team compiled a 1–3–1 record but outscored opponents by a total of 62 to 22. James Guy Hamilton was the team captain.


1911 University of New Mexico football team
During the final game of the season against Arizona, the bleachers with 400 persons collapsed, causing several minor injuries.


1911 University of Utah football team
The 1911 University of Utah football team was an American football team that represented the University of Utah in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1911 college football season. In its second season under head coach Fred Bennion, the team compiled a 5–1–1 record (3–1–1 against RMC opponents), finished second in the conference, shut out five of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 200 to 15. The team played its home games at Cummings Field in Salt Lake City. Lon Romney was the team captain.


1911 Uruguayan Primera División
The Uruguayan Championship 1911 was the 11th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league.


1911 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
The tournament consisted of a two-wheel championship of all against all. It involved eight teams, and the champion was C.U.R.C.C., an institution that earned its fifth and final championship in its history (from the 1914 championship, its place would be taken by the Club Atlético Peñarol).


1911 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
After accumulating only 7 units at the end of the 14 rounds of the tournament, Libertad had to descend to the Second Division, this being their last appearance in the top flight of Uruguay.


1911 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1911 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah Agricultural College (later renamed Utah State University) as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In their third season under head coach Clayton Teetzel, the Aggies compiled a 4–0–1 record, shut out all five opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 144 to 0.


1911 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team
The team's 83–0 victory over Idaho State (reported in some sources as 88–0) remains the third largest margin of victory in Utah State history.


1911 VFA season
The 1911 Victorian Football Association season was the 35th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Essendon (Association) Football Club, after it defeated Brunswick by eight points in a rain-affected Grand Final on 23 September. It was the first premiership won by the club, and it came after having finished second on the ladder in three consecutive seasons without playing in the final match.


1911 VFA season, Premiership
The home-and-home season was played over eighteen rounds, with each club playing the others twice; then, the top four clubs contested a finals series under the amended Argus system to determine the premiers for the season.


1911 VFL Grand Final
The 1911 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 23 September 1911. It was the 14th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1911 VFL season. The match, attended by 43,905 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 6 points, marking that club's second premiership victory.


1911 VFL Grand Final, Right to challenge
This season was played under the amended Argus system. Essendon was the minor premier, and Collingwood had finished fourth. The teams both qualified for this match by winning their semi-finals matches.


1911 VFL Grand Final, Right to challenge
If Collingwood had won this match, Essendon would have had the right to challenge Collingwood to a rematch for the premiership on the following weekend, because Essendon was the minor premier. The winner of that match would then have won the premiership.


1911 VFL season
The 1911 Victorian Football League season was the 15th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1911 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1911, the VFL competition consisted of ten teams of 18 on-the-field players each, with no "reserves", although any of the 18 players who had left the playing field for any reason could later resume their place on the field at any time during the match.


1911 VFL season, Premiership season
Each team played each other twice in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds.


1911 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1911 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the amended "Argus system".


1911 VFL season, Finals
All of the 1911 finals were played at the MCG so the home team in the Semi Finals and Preliminary Final is purely the higher ranked team from the ladder but in the Grand Final the home team was the team that won the Preliminary Final.


1911 VFL season, Grand final
Essendon defeated Collingwood 5.11 (41) to 4.11 (35), in front of a crowd of 43,905 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football).


1911 VMI Keydets football team
The 1911 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their 21st season of organized football. First-year head coach Alpha Brumage lead the 7–1 Keydets to their most wins in school history.


1911 VPI football team
The 1911 VPI football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1911 college football season. The team was led by their head coach Lew Riess and finished with a record of six wins, one loss, and two ties (6–1–2).


1911 VPI football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1911 football team according to the roster published in the 1912 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1911 college football season. It was Dan McGugin's 8th year as head coach. The team outscored its opponents 259 to 9, winning an undisputed Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) title.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
Edwin Pope's Football's Greatest Coaches notes: "A lightning-swift backfield of Lew Hardage, Wilson Collins, Ammie Sikes, and Ray Morrison pushed Vandy through 1911 with only a 9–8 loss to Michigan." The Atlanta Constitution voted Vanderbilt's the best backfield in the South. Morrison is considered one of the best quarterbacks in Vanderbilt's long history


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Before the season
Vanderbilt prepared to face its most difficult schedule to date. The halfbacks and fullbacks were new, as Bill Neely and Bo Williams had graduated, and Kent Morrison was shifted to end. Lew Hardage transferred from Auburn and joined the team.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 1: Birmingham
The season opened with a 40–0 win over Birmingham on a slippery field. Ammie Sikes and Lew Hardage proved to be the stars of the game.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 1: Birmingham
The starting lineup was Morrison: (left end), Freeland (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end). R. Morrison (quarterback), Hardage (left halfback), Collins (right halfback), and Doherty (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 2: Maryvillle
The next week, Vanderbilt defeated Maryville 46-0. Ewing Y. Freeland and Zeke Martin played well in the line, but above all the game's star was Tom Brown.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 2: Maryvillle
The starting lineup was: Morrison (left end), Freeland (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end). R. Morrison (quarterback), Hardage (left halfback), Collins (right halfback), and Doherty (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 3: Rose Poly
Vanderbilt won 33–0 over Rose Polytechnic, in a game harder than prior weeks. The Tennessean's Spick Hall remarked on Rose's defense, "They all played a vicious game and when they tackled they did it in the good old-fashion way—right from the shoulder."


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 3: Rose Poly
The starting lineup was: Metzger (left end), Freeland (left tackle), Covington (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end). R. Morrison (quarterback), Hardage (left halfback), Collins (right halfback), and Sikes (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 4: Central
Vanderbilt drubbed Central 45–0. Central and Vanderbilt were both undefeated the previous year, and Central also had claimed a Southern title, on the grounds that Vanderbilt would not play them. Lew Hardage and Ray Morrison and Rabbi Robins all had two touchdowns each. Ammie Sikes  and Murrah had one each. The starting lineup was: Morrison (left end), Freeland (left tackle), Huffman (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), Covington (right tackle), E. Brown (right end). R. Morrison (quarterback), Hardage (left halfback), Collins (right halfback), and Sikes (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
The Michigan Wolverines defeated the Commodores 9 to 8. The game matched Michigan head coach Fielding H. Yost against his former player and brother-in-law, Dan McGugin. Because of the relationship between Yost and McGugin, the two teams played nine times between 1905 and 1923, with Michigan winning eight games and tying one.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
Before the game, Coach Yost reminded reporters that Vanderbilt's 1911 team included the same veteran line that had held Yale scoreless in 1910. Yost predicted a hard game.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
After a scoreless first half, Zach Curlin made a drop kick to put the Commodores up 3 to 0 in the third quarter. The Vanderbilt University Quarterly notes "when the score was 3 to 0 in our favor the situation in the Michigan grandstands was heartrending." Yost said after the game: "It was one of the most exciting games I have ever witnessed."


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
Michigan tied up the score with a field goal of its own, then Stanfield Wells scored a touchdown and Frederick L. Conklin kicked goal. Morrison scored a touchdown for Vanderbilt, but put too much energy into the kick-out and missed the crucial extra point.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
Walter Eckersall served as the umpire and covered the game for the Chicago Daily Tribune. Eckersall wrote that Michigan's offense suffered from "an air of overconfidence", its tackling was poor, and the team was completely fooled on forward passes. He opined that the game was a reversal for Michigan, which would need "vast improvement" to defeat Penn and Cornell.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
The starting lineup was: Morrison (left end), Freeland (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end). R. Morrison (quarterback), Hardage (left halfback), Collins (right halfback), and Sikes (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 6: Georgia
Vanderbilt easily defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 17–0 under a "cold, leaden sky" with splashes of rain. After a scoreless first quarter, Lew Hardage called for a fair-catch at Georgia's 28-yard line, starting Vanderbilt's first scoring drive. It ended with an Ammie Sikes touchdown from 2 yards out. Hardage ran around right end for 45 yards, down to the 17-yard line. Vanderbilt then worked the ball to the goal with an 8-yard pass from Hardage to Wilson Collins, followed by Ray Morrison going over for a 4-yard touchdown. On one play later in the period, Hardage's left shoulder and arm were badly sprained, threatening his status for the season.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 6: Georgia
In the third quarter, Morrison made 22 yards on a fake punt, Sikes went 35 yards through line. Sikes then made 5 more, Collins 1, and Morrison finished with a 4-yard touchdown.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 6: Georgia
The starting lineup was: K. Morrison (left end), Covington (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end), R. Morrison (quarterback), Hardage (left halfback), Collins (right halfback), and Sikes (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 7: Kentucky State
The Commodores beat Kentucky State 18–0. Kentucky expected to lose by a larger margin. The first touchdown came on "a pretty forward pass" from Robins to Nuck Brown. The next score came in the third quarter, on a 7-yard run from Ray Morrison. Just after the start of the fourth quarter, Zach Curlin made an 8-yard field goal. He later made another 10-yard field goal from a difficult angle. The starting lineup was: K. Morrison (left end), Covington (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end), R. Morrison (quarterback), Collins (left halfback), Robins (right halfback), and Sikes (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Mississippi
Vanderbilt beat Mississippi 21–0 and claimed the championship of the South. "This was easily the greatest southern game of the season".


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Mississippi
In the second quarter, a long trick pass was caught by Ammie Sikes, who ran to Miss's 5-yard line. Ray Morrison then got the score. At one point Morrison had a 70-yard run. Zach Curlin later made a field goal. In the second half, Morrison ran 75 yards on a fake punt and went out of bounds at the 30-yard line. On the next play, Lew Hardage started around left end, then reversed right, and was again crowded out, reversing field back around left end. He seemed to break a tackle by every Mississippi player. Vanderbilt scored a final touchdown in the last quarter.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Mississippi
The starting lineup was: K. Morrison (left end), Covington (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end), R. Morrison (quarterback), Collins (left halfback), Hardage (right halfback), and Sikes (fullback).


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 9: Sewanee and Ty Cobb, Ty Cobb
Ty Cobb traveled to Nashville on the Monday of the week of the Sewanee game to act in the play The College Widow. Cobb watched the team practice and donned a Vanderbilt uniform to practice with the team during the week, including punts and drop-kicks.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 9: Sewanee and Ty Cobb, Sewanee
Vanderbilt defeated the Sewanee Tigers 31 to 0. Vanderbilt's first score came on a 3-yard end run from Ray Morrison. In the next period, Will Metzger and Tom Brown blocked a kick. Brown then picked up the ball and ran it in for a touchdown. The next score came on a pass from Morrison to Hardage. After the half, Wilson Collins had a touchdown run over tackle. In the same period, Sewanee had a bad pass from center for a safety. In the final period, Collins had another touchdown behind tackle. Vanderbilt had 455 total yards to Sewanee's 69.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 9: Sewanee and Ty Cobb, Sewanee
The starting lineup was: K. Morrison (left end), Freeland (left tackle), Metzger (left guard), Morgan (center), C. Brown (right guard), T. Brown (right tackle), E. Brown (right end), Morrison (quarterback), Curlin (right halfback), Hardage (left halfback), and Sikes (fullback). The umpire was Ted Coy.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post season, Awards and honors
Vanderbilt claimed an undisputed SIAA and Southern title. "Usually Texas and Arkansas have entered strong claims for the coveted honor, but little Sewanee this year disposed of Texas and in turn Texas disposed of Arkansas." The Atlanta Constitution voted Vanderbilt's the best backfield in the South.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post season, Awards and honors
Ewing Freeland, Will Metzger, Hugh Morgan, Morrison, and Hardage were all consensus All-Southern selections. Morrison is considered one of the best quarterbacks in Vanderbilt's long history. He won Bachelor of Ugliness for the class of 1912, and both Morrison and Metzger were later selected for an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869–1919 era.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post season, Departures
Assistant coach Dr. Owsley Manier left the team to spend the winter of 1911 practicing medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. As well as Morrison graduating, Freeland went to Texas and Metzger entered into business.


1911 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Players, Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Vanderbilt's lineup during the 1911 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics a short punt formation while on offense, with the quarterback under center.


1911 Vermont Green and Gold football team
The 1911 Vermont Green and Gold football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In their second year under head coach Edward Joseph Slavin, the team compiled a 3–5 record.


1911 Victorian state election
The 1911 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday, 16 November 1911 to elect 56 of the 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. Nine seats were uncontested.


1911 Victorian state election
The election was in one member districts, using instant runoff (preferential) voting. Women voted for the first time at this election.


1911 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly
Victorian state election, 16 November 1911Legislative Assembly << 1908–1914 >>


1911 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1911 Villanova Wildcats football team represented Villanova University in the 1911 college football season. They were led by eighth-year head coach Fred Crolius. They finished the year without a win, compiling a 0–5–1 record. It was the second of two consecutive winless seasons for the Wildcats.


1911 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1911 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1911 college football season.


1911 Volta a Catalunya
The 1911 Volta a Catalunya was the inaugural edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 January to 8 January 1911. The race started and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Sebastián Masdeu.


1911 Volta a Catalunya, Starting cyclists
Of the 33 starting cyclists, 22 finished. The winner, Sebastián Masdeu, received 500 pesetas for his victory.


1911 WAFL season
The 1911 WAFL season was the 27th season of senior Australian rules football in Perth, Western Australia.


1911 Wabash Little Giants football team
The 1911 Wabash Little Giants football team represented Wabash College during the 1911 college football season. In College Football Hall of Fame inductee Jesse Harper's 3rd season at Wabash, the Little Giants compiled a 3–3–1 record, and outscored their opponents 50 to 43.


1911 Wake Forest Baptists football team
The 1911 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College as an independent during the 1911 college football season. In its first season under head coach Frank Thompson, the team compiled a 3–5 record (1–5 in intercollegiate games). The team played its home games in Wake Forest, North Carolina


1911 Washington & Jefferson Red and Black football team
The 1911 Washington & Jefferson Red and Black football team represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1911 college football season. Led by fourth-year head David C. Morrow, Washington & Jefferson compiled a record of 6–4.


1911 Washington Senators season
The 1911 Washington Senators won 64 games, lost 90, and finished in seventh place in the American League. They were managed by Jimmy McAleer and played home games at National Park.


1911 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1911 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1911 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1911 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts