1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The final score was made by two hundred and forty-five pound center Ralph Galvin on a five yard plunge. The Pittsburg Press described it as "when he hit the line it was like a battering ram going up against an attacking army." Galvin was successful on the point after and Pitt won the game 18-0. Westminster would finish the season with a 6-2 record.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Westminster was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), Walter Hinchman (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Henry Blair (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Norman Budd (quarterback), J. Rosenbloom (right halfback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Westminster
Substitutions made during the game were: William Hittner replaced Charles Quailey at left halfback; Tillie Dewar replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; Hube Wagner replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Walter Hinchman replaced Karl Dallenbach at right guard; George Gehlert replaced Henry Blair at left guard; Henry Blair replaced James Stevenson at right tackle; George Brown replaced Rosenbloom at right halfback; and Dave Richards replaced Tex Richards at fullback. The game consisted of ten-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
On October 15, the Pitt football team opened the Forbes Field part of their schedule with resounding success against the Waynesburg Yellow Jackets. The Pitt defense held Waynesburg to seven total offensive yards. The Pitt offense pretty much scored at will. They completed nine of ten forward passes.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Freshman Hube Wagner started the game at fullback and scored the first touchdown. Center Ralph Galvin scored minutes later and he also converted both extra points. On Waynesburg's first play from scrimmage fullback Lippincott was tackled in the end zone for a safety. The first quarter ended with Pitt ahead 14-0.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Galvin missed a field goal early in the second quarter but the Pitt offense later advanced the ball to the Waynesburg fifteen and Galvin bulldozed across the goal. Pitt led 19-0 at halftime.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Hube Wagner scored on the first possession of the second half and Galvin made the point after. Minutes later, Pitt scored on a seventy-five yard pass play from halfback Quailey to end Jack Lindsey. Galvin came through on the extra point and Pitt led 31-0 at the end of three quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Captain Tex Richards played the fourth quarter and made his presence felt with an eight yard scoring run and a  twenty-five yard touchdown pass to halfback George Brown. Galvin converted one of the extra points and Pitt won 42-0. Waynesburg would finish the season with a respectable 4-3 record.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Waynesburg was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), Walter Hinchman (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), George Gehlert (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Norman Budd (quarterback), William Hittner (right halfback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), and Hube Wagner (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Substitutions made during the game were: Ross Feightner replaced Hube Wagner at fullback; Karl Dallenbach replaced Walter Hinchman at right guard; George Brown replaced Charles Quailey at left halfback; Dave Richards replaced William Hittner at right halfback; Henry Blair replaced George Bailey at left tackle; Harry Haslett replaced Robert Peacock at left end; Tex Richards replaced Ross Feightner at fullback; Ray Butler replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Bowman Ashe replaced Harry Haslett at left end; and Hube Wagner replaced Dave Richards at right halfback. The game consisted of ten-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgetown
On October 22nd the first “hard” game on the schedule was at Forbes Field against the Blue and Gray of Georgetown University. Three thousand noisy rooters watched the action. Both teams brought bands. “Hail to Pitt” was introduced to the football crowd at this game. The words were written by head cheerleader George Kirk, class of 1913, and the music was written by Lester Taylor, class of 1912. Both teams were undefeated.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgetown
On Pitt's first possession fullback Tex Richards' pass was intercepted by Georgetown halfback Fury. He raced toward the end zone but was tackled by Richards and fumbled the ball back to Pitt. The Pitt offense was able to advance the ball but both center Ralph Galvin and end Jack Lindsey missed field goals. The first quarter was scoreless.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgetown
Pitt's first possession of the second quarter started on the Georgetown fifty yard line. Quarterback Tillie Dewar gained sixteen yards on first down. Captain Tex Richards scampered around the left end to the three. On first down Tex Richards followed guard Henry Blair across the goal line. Ralph Galvin kicked the point after and Pitt led 6-0. On Pitt's next offensive series they started at midfield and the Georgetown defense stiffened. On third down Pitt faked a punt and Richards completed a pass to Jack Lindsey on the twenty. The Georgetown defense held and forced a Galvin field goal attempt from the twenty-six. This time he was successful and Pitt led 9-0 at halftime.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgetown
Pitt scored on their first possession of the third quarter on a seven yard dash by Dewar. Galvin missed the point after. Pittsburgh 14 - Georgetown 0. Later in the quarter Galvin was successful on a twenty-five yard field goal to close out the scoring.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgetown
Georgetown fullback Walsh was disqualified for slugging in the fourth quarter and the Georgetown defense kept Pitt from adding to the score. The final read 17-0. Georgetown would finish the season with a 7-1-1 record.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Georgetown
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Georgetown was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), Karl Dallenbach (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Henry Blair (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Tillie Dewar (quarterback), William Hittner (left halfback), George Brown (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback). Substitutions made during the game were: Ray Butler replaced Robert Peacock at left end; Hube Wagner replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Charles Quailey replaced George Brown at right halfback; and Norman Budd replaced Tillie Dewar at quarterback. The game consisted of fifteen-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio U.
On October 29, the visiting Bobcats of Ohio University in Athens, Ohio were greeted with a snow covered Forbes Field. When the game started they were buried under a full-scale avalanche by the Pitt offense. Pitt scored eleven touchdowns, ten extra points and two field goals for a total of seventy-one points. The Bobcats did not make a first down. Pitt quarterback Norman Budd led the scoring with six touchdowns. One was a crowd pleasing ninety yard scamper. Fullback Tex Richards scored three touchdowns. Halfback George Brown chipped in with two touchdowns of his own.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio U.
Center Ralph Galvin kicked the extra points and a thirty-six yard field goal. End Jack Lindsay drop kicked a forty-one yard field goal. The Pittsburgh Daily Post noted "It was one of the most sensational drop kicks ever seen in the Smoky City and the spectators, seeing a chance to warm their chilled anatomies, howled with glee." Ohio U. would finish the season with an 0-6-1 record.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio U.
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Ohio U. was Jack Lindsay (right end), Karl Dallenbach (right tackle), Walter Hinchman (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), George Gehlert (left guard), Henry Blair (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Norman Budd (quarterback), William Hittner (right halfback), George Brown (left halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio U.
Substitutions made during the game were: Ralph Linn replaced George Gehlert at left guard; John Cummins replaced Walter Hinchman at  right guard; Ray Butler replaced Jack Linsay at right end; Tillie Dewar replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; Bowman Ashe replaced George Brown at left halfback; Charles Quailey replaced William Hittner at right halfback; and Dave Richards replaced Tex Richards at fullback. The game consisted of fifteen-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
On November 5, the steam-rolling Pitt football eleven achieved their sixth straight shutout victory by pummeling the West Virginia Mountaineers 38-0.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
Early in the game Pitt guard Henry Blair blocked a West Virginia punt and Pitt guard Dallenbach recovered on the Mountaineers' forty-five yard line. On first down Pitt fullback Tex Richards quick kicked and Mountaineer quarterback Munk fumbled the kick. Pitt halfback Hittner picked up the loose pigskin and raced twenty yards for the first touchdown. Center Ralph Galvin made the extra point and Pitt led 6-0. In the second quarter Pitt end Robert Peacock picked up another misplayed punt and scampered fifty yards for the score. Galvin missed the point after. Pitt's next possession resulted in a missed Galvin field goal. The Mountaineers replaced Munk with Thompson. He promptly broke through the Pitt defense and barreled seventy yards before being tackled by Tex Richards on the ten yard line.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The Pittsburgh Daily Post wrote "The Pitt captain's offensive work stood out all day, as it has in practically every game of the season, and when he made good in the "ultimate moment,"for any football artist, by such a beautiful tackle, in the face of strong interference, his admirers gave full vent of their feelings." The staunch Pitt defense stiffened and Mountaineer fullback Baughman's field goal attempt was no good. The halftime score was 11-0.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
At the start of the second half, Mountaineer halfback Kinsey had his chewing gum lodge in his throat when being tackled and he had to be rushed to the hospital. He did recover. Early in the third quarter Galvin was successful on a field goal to extend the lead to 14-0. On their next possession Pitt quarterback Tillie Dewar scored on a fifteen yard dash. Galvin connected on the point after. Richards closed the third quarter scoring with a forty-five yard gallop and opened the fourth quarter scoring with an eight yard scoot around left end. Galvin kicked the extra points.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
Dewar excited the crowd with a seventy-five yard touchdown scamper that was called back due to a holding penalty. Four plays later he carried the pigskin into the end zone from the fourteen and Galvin nailed the extra point to close the scoring. Final score: Pitt 38 – West Virginia 0. After losing five of the first six games versus the Mountaineers, Pitt now led the "Backyard Brawl" series 6-5-1. West Virginia finished the season with a 2-4-1 record.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against West Virginia was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), Karl Dallenbach (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Henry Blair (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Norman Budd (quarterback), William Hittner (left halfback), George Brown (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
Substitutions made during the game were: Tillie Dewar replaced Norman Budd at quarterback; Hube Wagner replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; John Cummins replace Henry Blair at left guard; Charles Quailey replaced William Hittner at left halfback; Ray Butler replaced Robert Peacock at left end; Walter Hinchman replaced Karl Dallenbach at right guard; Dave Richards replaced Tex Richards at fullback; and George Gehlert replaced James Stevenson at right tackle. The game consisted of fifteen-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
On November 12, the Washington & Jefferson Red and Black tried to defeat the so far undefeated, untied, and unscored upon Pitt eleven at Forbes Field. Twelve thousand raucous fans endured a game-long snowfall to cheer on their team. The Post-Gazette noted "It was a cheering duel throughout. The Pitt men were in the east bleachers with a band and they gave their cheers and yells, while in the western part of the field the W. & J. men held out. They cheered everybody connected with W. & J. During the intermission the Pitt students paraded around the gridiron, making a big "P" in the center of the field."


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Due to the inclement weather, the game turned into a punting duel. The first quarter was played in the Red and Black territory but the Pitt offense could not capitalize. They advanced the ball to the eight yard line and turned it over on downs. On their next possession center Ralph Galvin missed a twenty-two yard field goal.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Early in the second quarter the Pitt offense moved the ball to the W. & J. six yard line and fullback Tex Richards fumbled. W. & J. punted and Galvin missed a thirty-three yard field goal. After another W. & J. punt, the Pitt offense broke the scoring drought with a three yard scamper by Tillie Dewar. Galvin missed the extra point and the score was 5-0 Pitt at halftime.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The second half mirrored the first with much punting and good defense from both teams. On Pitt's first possession, Galvin kicked a twenty-four yard field goal to extend the lead to 8-0. Pitt guard George Bailey and Red and Black quarterback Forsythe traded punches and the officials disqualified them both. At the end of the third quarter Galvin missed a chip shot field goal.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
With less than five minutes to go in the game Tex Richards completed a forward pass to Norman Budd at the Red and Black three-yard line. Richards scored on the next play and Galvin connected on the point after to make the final score 14-0. Pitt beat the Red and Black for the only the third time, and improved their record against them to 3-8. W. & J. would finish the season with a 3-3-1 record.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Wash. & Jeff. was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), Karl Dallenbach (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Henry Blair (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Tillie Dewar (quarterback), William Hittner (left halfback), George Brown (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Substitutions made during the game were: Ray Butler replaced Robert Peacock at left end; George Gehlert replaced George Bailey at left tackle; Hube Wagner replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; Norman Budd replaced Tillie Dewar at quarterback; Charles Quailey replaced George Brown at right halfback; Dave Richards replaced Tex Richards at fullback; and Charles Reed replaced Ray Butler at left end. The game consisted of fifteen-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
On November 11, the Tartans of Carnegie Tech closed their season at Forbes Field against city neighbor and rival Pitt. The Tartans record was 1-5-1.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Pitt received the kick-off and quarterback Norman Budd fumbled on the ten yard line. The Tartans recovered and immediately lined up for a field goal. Tech fullback Hull missed. Pitt was offside and the ball moved to the five. They attempted another field goal. Hull kicked and the ball sailed wide right. Led by Norman Budd, angry at fumbling, the Pitt offense scored in three plays. Center Ralph Galvin added the extra point for a six point lead.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Pitt offense romped in the second quarter. Galvin intercepted a Tech pass and Budd scored his second touchdown a few plays later. Pitt end Robert Peacock recovered an onside kick on the Tech two yard line. Halfback George Brown scored on the next play. Halfback Charles Quailey completed a long pass to end Jack Lindsey to the Tech two yard line. Quailey plunged into the end zone for the score. Robert Peacock recovered a blocked punt and raced in for the score. Galvin connected on three extra points to make the score 29-0 at halftime.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The third quarter was scoreless as Jack Lindsey missed a thirty-seven yard field goal. Dave Richards scored a touchdown in the fourth quarter and Galvin made the extra point to make the final tally 35-0.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Carnegie Tech was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), George Gehlert (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Henry Blair (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Norman Budd (quarterback), Charles Quailey (left halfback), George Brown (right halfback), and Hube Wagner (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Substitutions made during the game: Dave Richards replaced Hube Wagner at fullback; Hube Wagner replaced Robert Peacock at left end; Charles Reed replaced Hube Wagner at left end; Walter Hinchman replaced Henry Blair at left guard; Ray Butler replaced Jack Lindsay at right end; and Tillie Dewar replaced Norman Budd at quarterback. The game consisted of ten-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
On Thanksgiving afternoon eighteen thousand fans from all parts of the state congregated at Forbes Field to see if the Pitt eleven could complete the season unbeaten, untied and unscored upon. Both student sections had their band parade them to the stadium and entertain the crowd with their fight songs. The Nittanies had an impressive 5-1-1 record and were favored by the odds makers to win the game. Both teams were healthy and the weather was perfect at kick-off. Rain fell during the second half which caused some slipping by the running backs but the crowd stayed until the referee called time.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The game started out as a defensive battle with much punting. On Pitt's second possession Ralph Galvin missed a forty-two yard field goal. On Pitt's next possession Tex Richards completed a pass to William Hittner to the seven yard line of State. First down: Hittner gained four yards to the three. Second down: Tillie Dewar gained one yard to the two. Third down: George Brown fumbled but Karl Dallenbach recovered on the one foot line. Fourth down: Tex Richards plunged into the end zone. Galvin missed the point after and Pitt led 5-0 at the end of the first quarter.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
In the scoreless second quarter, Galvin missed a forty-five yard field goal. State College completed a forty yard pass play to the Pitt ten yard line, with George Brown making a touchdown saving tackle for Pitt. The Pitt defense then stiffened and State turned the ball over on downs.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The third quarter was a continuation of the punting duel. State fans were encouraged when center Watson intercepted a pass and had a clear field in front of him but he slipped on the mud.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Pitt owned the fourth quarter. After Weaver of State College intercepted a Richards pass, State attempted a quick kick. The punt was shanked and ended up in Pitt end Hube Wagner's hands. He ran unmolested for a forty-five touchdown. Galvin made the point after and the score was 11-0. A few possessions later Norman Budd returned a punt fifty-five yards for a touchdown but Pitt was called for an illegal block. State College could not penetrate the Pitt defense and the game ended a short while later with Pitt in possession on their fifty yard line.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Pitt earned possession of the Spalding Trophy for a year.


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Pitt starting lineup for the game against Penn State was Jack Lindsay (right end), James Stevenson (right tackle), Karl Dallenbach (right guard), Ralph Galvin (center), Henry Blair (left guard), George Bailey (left tackle), Robert Peacock (left end), Tillie Dewar (quarterback), William Hittner (left halfback), George Brown (right halfback), and Tex Richards (fullback).


1910 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Substitutions made during the game were: Ross Feightner replaced Karl Dallenbach at right guard; George Gehlert replaced Ross Feightner at right guard; Norman Budd replaced Tillie Dewar at quarterback; Tillie Dewar replaced George Brown at right halfback; Charles Quailey replaced Tillie Dewar at right halfback; and Hube Wagner replaced Tex Richards at fullback. The game consisted of fifteen-minute quarters.


1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 29th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 24th in the National League. The defending World Series champion Pirates finished third in the National League with a record of 86–67.


1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Portland Beavers season
The 1910 Portland Beavers season was the eighth season in the history of the Portland Beavers baseball team. The team compiled a 114–87 record and won the Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant by one-and-a-half games over the Oakland Oaks. The Beavers won five PCL pennants between 1906 and 1914.


1910 Portland Beavers season
Walt McCredie was the team's player-manager, and shortstop Pearl Casey was the team captain. Pitchers Gene Krapp and Vean Gregg finished first and second in the PCL in both strikeouts and earned run average (ERA).


1910 Portland Beavers season, Management
The team was owned by Judge William Wallace McCredie, who later represented the State of Washington in the U.S. House of Representatives. McCredie also served as the club's president while his son, Hugh, was the business manager and his wife, Alice, managed the ticket office. His nephew Walt McCredie played in the National League, batting .324 in 1903, but joined the Portland club as player-manager in 1904 after his uncle became the owner. Walt McCredie was both the manager and appeared in 61 games, mostly in right field. Shortstop Pearl Casey was the team captain.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Pitchers
The pitching staff was the strength of the 1910 Beavers team.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Pitchers
Vean Gregg, a native of Chehalis, Washington, appeared in 53 games (383-1/3 innings) and compiled a 32–18 record. He led the PCL with 373 strikeouts and ranked second in the league with a 1.53 earned run average (ERA) and 32 wins.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Pitchers
Gene Krapp, a New York native, appeared in 54 games (442 innings) and compiled a 29–16 record. He led the PCL with a 1.26 ERA and ranked second in the league with 265 strikeouts.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Pitchers
Bill Steen, a Pittsburgh native, appeared in 54 games (414-2/3 innings) and compiled a 27–17 record with 188 strikeouts.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Pitchers
Nebraska native Tom Seaton appeared in 52 games and compiled a 17–17 record with a 1.99 ERA.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Infielders
First baseman Bill Rapps, a Missouri native, appeared in 207 games and compiled a .236 batting average with 31 stolen bases, 32 doubles, nine triples, and three home runs.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Infielders
Second baseman and team captain Pearl Casey appeared in 177 games and compiled a .241 batting average with 22 doubles and four triples.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Infielders
Shortstop Ivy Olson appeared in a team-high 210 games, led the team with 39 stolen bases, and compiled a .237 batting average with 25 doubles and four triples.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Infielders
The third base position was shared between Gus Hetling (.234 batting average in 86 games) and Sacramento native Tommy Sheehan (.201 batting average in 110 games).


1910 Portland Beavers season, Infielders
Catcher Gus Fisher appeared in 163 games, led the team with a .382 slugging percentage and tallied 31 doubles, eight triples, and five home runs.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Outfielders
Center fielder Buddy Ryan, a Denver native, anchored the outfield. Appearing in 206 games, he compiled a .242 batting average and led the team with 190 hits and 13 home runs.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Outfielders
Art Kruger appeared in 63 games in left field and center field. His .281 batting average was identical to batting champion Hunky Shaw, but Shaw was awarded the batting title as he had more than double Kruger's at bats.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Outfielders
Bill Speas appeared in 151 games, principally in left field and center field. He compiled a .200 batting average and stole 22 bases.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Outfielders
George Ort appeared in 151 games, principally in right field and at second base. He compiled a .213 batting average.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Outfielders
Felix Martinke, a native of Germany, was purchased by Portland from the Vernon Tigers on June 19, 1910. Player-manager McCredie said at the time he would play Martinke in right field, allowing McCredie to "retire to the bench" and devote his full time to managing the team. During his combined time with Vernon and Portland, Martinke appeared in 101 games and compiled a .230 batting average.


1910 Portland Beavers season, Statistics, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage; SB = Stolen bases


1910 Portland Beavers season, Statistics, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average


1910 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 28 August 1910. However, before the results were confirmed, a coup d'état overthrew the monarchy on 5 October. In 1911 a Constituent Assembly was elected the following year.


1910 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1910 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1910 college football season. The team finished with a 7–1 record under fourth-year head coach Bill Roper. The Tigers won their first seven games by a combined score of 98 to 0, but lost the final game of the season to rival Yale by a 5–3 score. Princeton halfback Talbot Pendleton was selected as a consensus first-team honoree on the 1910 College Football All-America Team, and one other player, a guard named Thomas A. Wilson, was selected as a first-team honoree by at least one selector.


1910 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1910 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1910 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Horr, the Boilermakers compiled a 1–5 record, finished in last place in the Western Conference with an 0–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 65 to 19. H. G. Fletcher was the team captain.


1910 Queanbeyan state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Queanbeyan on 13 April 1910. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Granville Ryrie (Liberal Reform) to unsuccessfully contest the 1910 federal election for Werriwa.


1910 Queanbeyan state by-election
The by-election and those for Darling Harbour and Upper Hunter were held on the same day as the 1910 Federal election.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season
“The Queensland Amateur Rugby League set the air-filled sphere rolling”, opening the competition rounds on 14 May. Three grade competitions were conducted in Brisbane. Ipswich entered a representative team to play the five Brisbane senior teams and also began their own club competition. Club-level rugby league was also played in Maryborough.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season
Queensland hosted tours from England and New South Wales and representative matches were also arranged between towns where rugby league was growing.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Grade
Six teams competed for the QARL Senior premiership and Francis Cup. East Brisbane and Ipswich joined North Brisbane, South Brisbane, Toombul and Valley.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Grade
Two “rounds” of matches were played. After the first round of five matches each, Toombul led. At the completion of the second round, Ipswich were ahead on points. Under the competition rules, Toombul were allowed to challenge Ipswich in a final. When the final was drawn, a second match was required.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Grade
The first final was played at the Exhibition Ground on 3 September. Attired in their red, white and blue uniforms, Toombul scored two tries, converting one, and kicked a penalty to lead 10 to nil at “lemon time” (half-time). Ipswich, in green jerseys, came back, scoring two converted tries during the second half to level the scores. In the closing stages, “The Ipswichians were playing all over Toombul now, but the latter team defended well, and full time came without further score.”


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Grade
The second final was played at the Brisbane Cricket Ground, Woolloongabba on 10 September. The first half was again close, Ipswich leading two-nil at the break. Ipswich had the better of the second half, and finished winners of the match, and the premiership trophy, the Francis Cup.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Senior Grade, Club colours
East Brisbane played in blue and white; Ipswich in myrtle green; North Brisbane in red and black; South Brisbane in sky blue, Toombul in red, white and blue and Valley in navy blue.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Junior Grades
Two junior competitions were held, First Grade and Second Grade. Participating teams included Kelvin Grove Gordons, Milton, North Brisbane (3), St Bridget's (2), South Brisbane, Valley and Woodville.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Junior Grades
In First Grade, St. Bridget’s defeated North Brisbane, 8 to 6, in a final played at Woolloongabba on 17 September. North Brisbane, “by virtue of having the greatest number of competition points, hold the right to challenge.” This they did, and won a second final, 8 to 3, at Kedron Park on the 24th, to win the premiership.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Junior Grades
Two finals were also required in Second Grade, with both played as curtain-raisers to the senior finals. After losing to North Brisbane, leading team South Brisbane, challenged and won, 22 to nil, to claim the premiership.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Ipswich
In addition to entering a team in the QARL senior competition, the Ipswich & West Moreton Amateur Rugby League commenced local club competitions. The five teams in the senior competition were Belvideres, Blackstone, Seekers, Starlights and St. Paul's. The eight teams in the junior competition were Belvideres, Blackstone, C.Y.M. Society, Seekers, Silkstone, Starlights A and Starlights B.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Ipswich
In a final held at the North Ipswich Cricket Reserve on 24 September, Starlights defeated Belvideres to claim the senior premiership trophy, the Connell Cup. Belvideres were junior premiers.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Maryborough
Rugby League competitions were held in Maryborough. Four teams entered the senior competition: Glebe, Howard, Natives and Wallaroos. Glebe won the premiership, and subsequently played a benefit match against the local Rugby Union premiers. Three teams entered the junior competition: Cities, Glebe and Wallaroos.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Season summary, Maryborough
The Maryborough Rugby League organised a "Country Week" event on 11 June, when teams from Gympie and Isis (Childers) were invited to play against Maryborough teams. On Sunday 24 July Maryborough Rugby League arranged a return train trip to Childers where three matches were to be played.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, England
A team from Great Britain toured Australia and New Zealand. They played three matches in Queensland, all at the Exhibition Ground in Brisbane. The first of two Test Matches between Australia and England was played in Sydney on 18 June. Before a crowd in excess of 40,000, Australia led 12-11 at half-time, but England finished stronger to win 27-20. Queensland’s only representative in the match, Charlie Woodhead, scored a late try, “by a magnificent piece of play.”


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, England
England travelled to Queensland for matches on 25 and 29 June, however between these fixtures, on 27 June, England also played the Kangaroos in Sydney. Nine of the touring party played against the Kangaroos and in one of the matches against Queensland. Billy Batten played all three, with long trips on the “mail train” in between. Note, the Kangaroos team was composed of members of the team that toured England in 1908-09.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, England
England defeated Queensland in both matches, by 33 to 9 on Saturday 25th and by 15 to 4 on Wednesday 29th. Through a penalty goal, Queensland briefly led in the first match, but their only try came after five tries by England. Evan Lewis made a break to send Sid Fenely to the tryline, “where he grounded the leather with several burly Britishers going hard for his scalp.”


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, England
The Second Test Match between Australia and England was played at the Exhibition Ground on 2 July. The pleasant weather and presence of seven Queenslanders in this Australian side perhaps contributed to an attendance of more than 18,000. The Brisbane Concert Band played during intervals and, “The ladies were present in large numbers, and their variegated gownings gave a very picturesque charm to the surroundings”.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, England
Australia scored three tries, converting only the third, to lead 11 to nil. England responded with two converted tries to trail by a point at half-time. The second stanza saw six tries scored but none converted. The “British Lions” put on four tries to lead 22-11. Australia then scored twice to trail by five. The Queensland Times reported, the “last quarter of an hour furnished probably one of the most exciting bouts of football that have ever been witnessed in a Brisbane arena. The Australians fought superbly to try to equalise matters. Indeed, they were within an ace of scoring on several occasions, with the vast crowd yelling most furiously "Go on, Aus–tralia!" ”. Full -time: England 22, Australia 17.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, England
Returning to Sydney, England next played two matches against Australasia, a composite of Australian and New Zealand players. The first match, on 9 July, was a 13-all draw and Australasia won the second, on 13 July, by 32 points to 15. Herbert Brackenreg was the sole Queensland representative in these matches.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, New South Wales
New South Wales brought senior and junior teams to tour Queensland in late July and early August. Queensland lost all three senior matches, 21-40 on 30 July, 18-32 on 3 August and 3-19 on 6 August.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, New South Wales
Queensland started the series well, scoring the second, third and sixth tries of the opening match at the ‘Gabba to lead 8-3 and later level at 11-all. The Queensland Times reported that a crowd of 8,000 greeted the local team’s tries by “cheering vociferously” and providing “tumultuous applause”.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, New South Wales
New South Wales added two more tries to lead 19-11 at half time but Queensland scored a penalty and two tries early in the second half to reclaim the lead, 21-19. New South Wales, however, finished much the stronger to win. In the second and third matches, New South Wales led by 12 and 13 and half time and had comfortable wins.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, New South Wales
The junior New South Wales side played matches against the Queensland juniors on 30 July and 6 August, winning both. On 3 August an Ipswich Juniors representative side held them to nil-all well into the second half, before conceding 13 late points.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, Players
The following players represented Queensland in the five matches played in 1910: Vic Anderson (South Brisbane) 3 matches, Herb Brackenreg (North Brisbane) 4*, Charles Brown (Ipswich) 2, Edward Buckley (Valley) 4*, Harold Dickens (Valley) 3, George Duffin (Valley) 3, Sid Feneley / Fennelly (North Brisbane) 2, Alf Foote (Ipswich) 1, Harold Heidke (Bundaberg & North Brisbane) 3, Bill Heidke (Bundaberg) 2 *, George Hooker (Valley) 4, Reginald Jarrott (North Brisbane) 1, Alfred Jones (South Brisbane) 2, Evan Lewis (Ipswich) 4, Jack Mann (Ipswich) 1, James McComb (Toombul) 1, Dugald McGregor (Valley) 3


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, Players
*, Phillip McGrory (North Brisbane) 3, Robert Nicholson (South Brisbane) 4*, Arthur O'Brien (Ipswich) 4, August Pioch (Maryborough) 1, George Rousell (South Brisbane) 2, Bill Thomas (Ipswich) 2, Otto Thomsen (Valley) 1, Bob Tubman (Ipswich) 4* and Charlie Woodhead (North Brisbane) 4 *. Those marked with an asterisk also played in the Brisbane Test Match. Charlie Woodhead played in both Test matches. Herbert Brackenreg played in two matches for Australasia. The player's 1910 club or district is given in parenthesis. In the newspapers, Brackenreg was often listed as Brackenrigg and Feneley as Fennelly and James McComb as F. McComb.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, Brisbane Metropolitan team visit Wide Bay
The Queensland Amateur Rugby League arranged for a "Metropolitan" team to visit Maryborough and Gympie in September and play matches against the local district team. Led by Bill Heidke the local team triumphed twice, beating the combined Brisbane team by 33 to 8 and  32 to 8. The Brisbane captain, Robert Nicholson, was one of three visiting players sent-off in the first match.


1910 Queensland Rugby League season, Representative Season, Brisbane Metropolitan team visit Wide Bay
The Truth reported, "Arthur Johnson had charge of the whistle, and the local news-sheet says of him that he had occasion to send off a couple of Brisbane players who evidently thought the referee should do just as they wished, but seemingly they were disappointed. The game at times was of the wild and woolly variety, with an occasional lurid chunk of the unprinted part of the dictionary thrown in."


1910 Reading by-election
The Reading by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Reading in Berkshire on 12 March 1910.


1910 Reading by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Rufus Isaacs KC as Solicitor General for England and Wales. Under the Parliamentary rules applicable at the time if Isaacs wished to remain an MP he had to resign and fight a by-election.


1910 Reading by-election, Candidates
The Reading Liberals re-selected Isaacs to try to retain his seat which he had held since winning it in a by-election on 6 August 1904. At the previous general election held in January 1910 he had retained the seat but with a majority of just 207 votes.


1910 Reading by-election, Candidates
A meeting of Conservative leaders in the constituency met hurriedly on 7 March 1910 to consider their position. It was reported that there was a majority in favour of contesting the by-election, especially if their general election candidate Major A L Renton, could be persuaded to stand again. Renton had formerly been Liberal MP for Gainsborough but had defected to the Tories.


1910 Reading by-election, Candidates
Isaacs did his best to put pressure on the Renton and the Unionists not to contest the election announcing that the borough of Reading should not have to be subjected to the disruption of trade that a by-election would produce. He later also suggested that the honour of his appointment was being bestowed not just upon him but upon the citizens of Reading as a whole. Members of the Reading Conservative Association met on 8 March to discuss the by-election and decided not to put up a candidate. The fact that there would very likely be another general election within a few months encouraged the Conservatives to save their fire and wait for that contest rather than fight an expensive by-election.


1910 Reading by-election, Candidates
There was no tradition of elections in Parliamentary Reading being contested by the Labour Partyand they also chose not to oppose Isaacs.


1910 Reading by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward therefore, Isaacs was returned unopposed.


1910 Rhode Island State Rams football team
The 1910 Rhode Island State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its second year under head coach George Cobb, the team compiled a 5–1–1 record.


1910 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1910 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Incumbent Republican Aram J. Pothier defeated Democratic nominee Lewis A. Waterman with 49.60% of the vote.


1910 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1910 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as a member of the Eastern Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (EVIAA) during the 1910 college football season. Led by E. V. Long  in his first and only year as head coach, Richmond finished the season 1–6–1.


1910 Rock Island Independents season
The 1910 Rock Island Independents season was the team's fourth season in existence, and last until 1912. The season resulted in the team posting an undefeated 5–0 record.


1910 Rogers Pass avalanche
The 1910 Rogers Pass Avalanche killed 58 men clearing a railroad line just outside of Revelstoke in Rogers Pass through the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia on March 4, 1910. It is Canada's worst avalanche disaster.


1910 Rogers Pass avalanche, Rogers Pass
The Canadian Pacific Railway's line through Rogers Pass completed its transcontinental railroad through to Canada's west coast, and at the time was the only such link. It was therefore of vital importance to keep it open through the winter months. Although completed in November 1885 it was soon abandoned as throughout that winter, up to 12 metres of snow buried the line and avalanches tore away newly-laid sections of track. A costly system of 31 'snow sheds' was constructed to protect the most vulnerable sections of line, covering 6.5 km (4.0 mi) in all. However, most of the route through the pass was still unprotected, meaning that men and equipment were often called upon to clear the track.


1910 Rogers Pass avalanche, March 1910
The winter of 1909–1910 provided conditions particularly conducive to avalanches; many slides being experienced during January and February. On March 1, 96 people had been killed further south in the Wellington avalanche in Washington state. Three days later on the evening of March 4 work crews were dispatched to clear a big slide which had fallen from Cheops Mountain, and buried the tracks just south of Shed 17. The crew consisted of a locomotive-driven rotary snowplow and 63 men. Time was critical as westbound CPR Train Number 97 was just entering the Rocky Mountains, bound for Vancouver.


1910 Rogers Pass avalanche, March 1910
Half an hour before midnight as the track was nearly clear, an unexpected avalanche from Avalanche Mountain swept down the opposite side of the track to the first fall. Around 400 metres of track were buried. The 91-ton locomotive and plow were hurled 15 metres to land upside-down. The wooden cars behind the locomotive were crushed and all but one of the workmen were instantly buried in the deep snow. The only survivor was locomotive fireman Billy Lachance, who had been knocked over by the wind accompanying the fall but otherwise remained unscathed.


1910 Rogers Pass avalanche, March 1910
When news of the disaster reached nearby Revelstoke a relief train consisting of 200 railmen, physicians and nurses was sent to the scene. They found no casualties to treat; it became a mission to clear the tracks and recover the bodies beneath 10 metres of snow. Many of the dead were found standing upright, frozen in position, reminiscent of Pompeii. 62 workers were killed. Among the dead were 32 Japanese workers.


1910 Rogers Pass avalanche, Response
The disaster was not the first to befall the pass; in all over 200 people had been killed by avalanches there since the line was opened 26 years previously. The CPR finally accepted defeat and in 1913 began boring the five mile long Connaught Tunnel through Mount Macdonald, at the time Canada's longest tunnel, so bypassing the hazard of Rogers Pass. It was opened on December 13, 1916, and the railway abandoned the pass.


1910 Rose Polytechnic football team
The 1910 Rose Polytechnic Irish football team represented the Rose Polytechnic Institute during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Rotherham by-election
The Rotherham by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Rotherham in what was then the West Riding of Yorkshire on 1 March 1910.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir William Holland.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Vacancy
Holland, who held his seat in Rotherham with a majority of 7,558    agreed to resign to make way for J A Pease to return to Parliament. Pease had been government Chief Whip but had lost his seat at Saffron Walden in the general election of January 1910. The Prime Minister, H H Asquith, had intended to appoint Pease to the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and was therefore keen to identify a seat at which room could be made for Pease at a by-election. Asquith had taken Pease’s defeat quite hard and had sent him a telegram on 12 January 1910 saying: ‘This is the worst incident of the election and grieves me more than I can say...’


1910 Rotherham by-election, Vacancy
In return for his resignation Holland was rewarded with a peerage in the King’s birthday honours list in June 1910.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Candidates, Liberals
Pease addressed a meeting of the Rotherham Liberal Federation on 21 February and they agreed to support his candidature. The meeting heard from Sir William Holland that he had been asked by the Prime Minister to stand aside in favour of Pease and he read a letter from Asquith urging that Pease be returned to his Parliamentary duties as soon as possible.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Candidates, Conservatives
Although Holland had been MP for Rotherham since 1899 and had been unopposed in 1906, the Unionists had put up a candidate against him in January  1910. However the Conservatives were apparently faced with the difficulty of raising the necessary funds to fight a by-election so soon after the general election but they indicated they would put up a candidate if the Labour Party made it a three-cornered contest.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Candidates, Labour
The local Labour Party was apparently very keen to stand a candidate. At a meeting of the Trades Council on 22 February a resolution in favour of running a candidate was passed. The name of John Thomas Macpherson, the former Labour MP for Preston  was discussed. Macpherson was an official of the British Steel Smelters, Mill, Iron, Tinplate and Kindred Trades Association and the union was said to be strong in the Rotherham constituency and willing to pay for his deposit and other expenses.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Candidates, Labour
The strongest local trade union however was the Yorkshire Miners' Association and the officials of the Federation were traditionally supporters of the Liberals. Although the local Labour Party had decided to recommend a candidate be adopted, many moderate members of the party, who had traditionally been prepared to vote Liberal, were urging that Pease be unopposed. It was proposed  that a deputation of Labour people meet with the executive of the Yorkshire Miners’ Federation at Barnsley to see if a miners’ candidate could be found.


1910 Rotherham by-election, Candidates, Labour
In the end the pro-Liberal voices prevailed and another strong factor was the influence of Ramsay MacDonald who argued against putting a candidate up because the time available for the campaign was so short, although recommending the time be used to organise in the constituency in support of a candidate against all-comers at the next general election.


1910 Rotherham by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward, Pease was returned unopposed.


1910 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1910 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1910 college football season. In their first season under head coach Howard Gargan, the Queensmen compiled a 3–2–3 record and outscored their opponents, 59 to 33. The team captain was Howard A. Smith.


1910 SAFL Grand Final
The 1910 SAFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football championship match. Port Adelaide beat Sturt 60 to 41 to claim the 1910 SAFL season premiership.


1910 SAFL season
The 1910 South Australian Football League season was the 34th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1910 SAFL season
Port Adelaide won its 6th SAFL premiership, by defeating Sturt, while its second Championship of Australia was won by defeating Collingwood.


1910 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1910 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University during the 1910 college football season. In their first season under head coach John R. Bender, the Billikens compiled a 7–2 record, shut out six of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 96 to 22.


1910 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1910 Sewanee Tigers football team represented Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1910 college football season.


1910 Shipley by-election
The Shipley by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Shipley in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 10 March 1910.


1910 Shipley by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Percy Illingworth to the post of  Junior Lord of the Treasury, i.e. one of the government whips. Under the Parliamentary rules applying at that time this required him to resign his seat and fight a by-election.


1910 Shipley by-election, Candidates, Liberals
The Shipley Liberals re-selected Illingworth. He had been him returned unopposed in the general election of 1906 and had seen off a Liberal Unionist challenger in the general election held in January 1910 just a few weeks before by a healthy majority of 3775 votes. Shipley Liberals welcomed their member’s appointment to the government and foresaw no reason to doubt he would be re-elected in the forthcoming by-election.


1910 Shipley by-election, Candidates, Unionists
It was reported that the Unionists in the Shipley constituency were unprepared to fight another contest so soon after the general election  and the Shipley Division Liberal Unionists decided not to oppose Illingworth on the formal grounds that his appointment as a whip should not involve him in a fresh contest.


1910 Shipley by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward, Illingworth was returned unopposed.


1910 South African Senate election
The first election for the South African Senate took place as a result of the creation of the Union of South Africa through the South Africa Act 1909. The Act included special provisions for the selection of the first elected Senators. The Union Parliament was prohibited from changing the arrangements for the Senate during its first ten years.


1910 South African Senate election
The First Senate included eight Senators from each province. They were elected for a ten-year term by the members serving during the final session of the legislatures of each of the four colonies which joined the Union of South Africa. The election was by a form of the single transferable vote. The remaining eight seats were filled, by appointment (also for ten-year terms) by the Governor-General-in-Council (in effect by General Louis Botha's first Union government). Section 24 of the South Africa Act 1909 provided that, of the nominated Senators,


1910 South African Senate election
One-half of their number shall be selected on the ground mainly of their thorough acquaintance, by reason of their official experience or otherwise, with the reasonable wants and wishes of the coloured races in South Africa.


1910 South African Senate election
Casual vacancies in the representation of the provinces, in the First Senate only, were filled by an electoral college composed of the members of the relevant Provincial Council. New Senators, elected in this way, held the seat for the residue of the ten-year term. Nominated Senators, appointed to fill vacancies, received a ten-year term and did not have to vacate their seats at the end of the term for the provincial representatives.


1910 South African Senate election
The composition, by party, of the provincial representatives in the First Senate included 18 representatives of the three colonial governing parties (six each from the South African Party of the Cape, Orangia Unie of the Orange River Colony and Het Volk of the Transvaal, all of which merged to form the South African Party on November 21, 1910), eight Independent Senators from Natal (which did not have a party system before the Union), and six Senators from the opposition parties (two each from the Unionist Party of the Cape, the Constitutional Party of Orange River Colony and the Progressive Party of Transvaal, all of which merged to form the Unionist Party on May 31, 1910).


1910 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 15 September 1910 to elect the 121 members of the House of Assembly. They were the first general election after the Union of South Africa was created on 31 May 1910.


1910 South African general election
The elections were held alongside the first election to the provincial councils of Cape Province and Transvaal. Those councils used the same electoral districts as those for the House of Assembly seats in the province. The first election for the provincial councils of Natal and Orange Free State, which did not use the same constituency boundaries as the House of Assembly, took place at a later date.


1910 South African general election
Although the Unionist Party received the most votes, the South African National Party of General Louis Botha won a slim majority. The Unionist Party became the official opposition.


1910 South African general election, Electoral system
The South Africa Act 1909 provided that the franchise in each province should be the same as that in the corresponding colony before the Union, until altered by the Union Parliament. The Act included entrenching clauses, providing that black and coloured voters could only be removed from the common voters roll in the Cape of Good Hope, by legislation passed by a two-thirds majority by both houses of Parliament in joint session.


1910 South African general election, Electoral system
The franchise, in all parts of the Union, was limited to men over the age of 21. There were some additional qualifications and disqualifications which varied between provinces.


1910 South African general election, Electoral system
The franchise in the Orange Free State and Transvaal was limited to white men.


1910 South African general election, Electoral system
The traditional "Cape Qualified Franchise" system of the Cape of Good Hope was based on property and wage qualifications, equally open to people of all races. At the time of the National Convention in 1908, which drafted the terms of what became the South Africa Act, "22,784 Native and Coloured persons out of a total of 152,221 electors" were entitled to vote in Cape elections.


1910 South African general election, Electoral system
Natal had a theoretically non-racial franchise, but in practice few non-white electors ever qualified. It was estimated, in 1908, that "200 non-Europeans out of a total of 22,786 electors had secured franchise rights".


1910 South African general election, Electoral system
The South Africa Act 1909 provided for single member electoral divisions, with members of the House of Assembly being elected using the relative majority (also known as first past the post) electoral system. The act also provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division.


1910 South African general election, Contesting parties, South African National Party
The first Union Prime Minister (and former Transvaal Prime Minister), General Botha, assembled an electoral alliance before the first Union election. This grouping was composed of the governing parties of three of the colonies being united and some individual politicians from Natal (which did not have a pre-Union party system). The colonial parties involved were the South African Party of Cape Colony (itself largely based on the Afrikaner Bond), Het Volk from the Transvaal and Orangia Unie from the Orange River Colony (which was restored to its pre-1902 name of Orange Free State as a province of the Union).


1910 South African general election, Contesting parties, Unionist Party
The 'Unionist Party of South Africa was formed, in May 1910, under the leadership of Leander Starr Jameson (a former Prime Minister of Cape Colony), by the merger of the three colonial opposition parties joined by some individual politicians from Natal.


1910 South African general election, Contesting parties, Unionist Party
The parties merged into the Unionist Party were the Unionist Party of Cape Colony (formerly known as the Cape Progressive Party), the Constitutional Party of the Orange River Colony and the Progressives of Transvaal.


1910 South African general election, Contesting parties, Unionist Party
The party was a pro-British conservative party. It favoured the maintenance of a pro-British political culture in South Africa similar to that present in the other 'white dominions'.


1910 South African general election, Contesting parties, Labour Party
The South African Labour Party, formed in March 1910 following discussions between trade unions, the Transvaal Independent Labour Party and the Natal Labour Party, was a professedly socialist party representing the interests of the white working class. The party leader was Colonel F. H. P. Creswell.


1910 South Australian state election
State elections were held in South Australia on 2 April 1910. All 42 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Democratic Union (LDU) government led by Premier of South Australia Archibald Peake was defeated by the United Labor Party (ULP) led by John Verran. Each of the 13 districts elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes. The Peake LDU minority government had replaced the Price ULP/LDU coalition government in June 1909. The 1910 election was the first to result in a South Australian majority government. This came two weeks after the election of a first majority in either house in the Parliament of Australia at the 1910 federal election, also for Labor. Though a South Australian majority was won, the ULP did not take office until after the new lower house first met.


1910 South Australian state election, Background
Following the election, the LDU merged with the two independent conservative parties – the Australasian National League (ANL, formerly National Defence League (NDL)) and the Farmers and Producers Political Union (FPPU) – to become the Liberal Union (LU). The parties readily approved the merger, however, the LDU which salvaged the fewest of their principles from the merger were more hesitant. Peake persuaded a party conference that 'the day of the middle party is passed', and approved the merger by just one vote. The LU was affiliated with the federal Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP).


1910 South Australian state election, Background
The two-seat multi-member district of Northern Territory was abolished in 1911, reducing the House of Assembly to 40 seats.


1910 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1910 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1910 college football season. Led by first-year head coach John Neff, the team posted a 4–4 record.


1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910, to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Coleman Livingston Blease won the Democratic primary and ran unopposed in the general election to become the 90th governor of South Carolina.


1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
By 1910, the South Carolina Democratic Party had split into two factions: the well-to-do farmers with ties to Clemson College, and the tenant farmers who largely did not benefit from many of the proposals instituted by Benjamin Tillman and his followers. Many of these poor farmers escaped the fields to the relative prosperity of a mill town. Coleman Livingston Blease, a lawyer from Newberry, sought to portray himself as the candidate for the downtrodden and oppressed white man who had not benefited from the Tillman era.


1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
Blease and prohibitionist candidate Claudius Cyprian Featherstone emerged as the front runners in the Democratic primary on August 30. Featherstone and his conservative allies attacked Blease for his coarse behavior, similar to A.C. Haskell's attacks on Tillman in the gubernatorial election of 1890, but once again the attacks only strengthened the candidacy of the antagonist. On September 13, Blease won by just over 5,000 votes in the runoff to essentially become the next governor of South Carolina because there was no opposition in the general election.


1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election
The general election was held on November 8, 1910, and Coleman Livingston Blease was elected the next governor of South Carolina without opposition. Being a non-presidential election and few contested races, turnout was much less than the previous gubernatorial election.


1910 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1910 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Incumbent Republican Governor Robert S. Vessey ran for re-election to a second term. He faced two serious competitors in the Republican primary: colorful disbarred attorney George W. Egan and former Governor Samuel H. Elrod, and won the primary only with a narrow plurality. In the general election, he faced Democratic nominee Chauncey L. Wood, the Mayor of Rapid City. He improved on his margin from 1908, defeating Wood in a landslide.


1910 South Shields by-election
The South Shields by-election of 1910 was held on 27 October 1910, after the Liberal incumbent Sir William Robson resigned to become a Lord of Appeal. The by-election was won by the Liberal Candidate, Russell Rea.


1910 South Sydney Rabbitohs season
The 1910 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 3rd in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season as runners-up.


1910 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Fixtures, Finals
(Newtown finished as premiers as they had been minor premiers)


1910 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Club records
On July 23, Souths recorded a 67-0 win over the Western Suburbs Magpies in Round 8. This remains the club record for largest win margin in a game. It is also the largest win margin performed by Souths against a defunct NSWRL/NRL team (assuming the existing Wests Tigers are a separate entity to the Western Suburbs Magpies).


1910 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1910 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1910 college football season. The season began on September 24.


1910 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
Vanderbilt lineman Will Metzger was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp, the third player from the South ever to receive such an honor.


1910 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season, Results and team statistics
PPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per game


1910 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season, Awards and honors, All-Southern team
The composite All-Southern team of four sporting writers and three coaches included:


1910 Southwest Texas State football team
The 1910 Southwest Texas State football team was an American football team that represented Southwest Texas State Normal School—now known as Texas State University–as an independent during the 1910 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach James R. Coxen and finished the season with a record of 0–4. The team's captain was Raborn, who played halfback.


1910 Spanish general election
The 1910 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 8 May and on Sunday, 22 May 1910, to elect the 14th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Background
The Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pacífico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Spanish Cortes were envisaged as "co-legislative bodies", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights. Voting was compulsory except for those older than 70, the clergy, first instance judges and public notaries.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Congress of Deputies, 98 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 28 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 306 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
In constituencies electing ten seats or more, electors could vote for no more than four candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than eight seats and up to ten, for no more than three less; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
Additionally, in single-member districts where candidates ran unopposed, as well as in multi-member districts where the number of candidates was equal or less than the number of seats to be filled, candidates were to be automatically proclaimed without an election.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 7 for Barcelona, 5 for Palma and Seville, 4 for Cartagena and 3 for Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, Las Palmas, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates—equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation—would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 150.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The remaining 30 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each—the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville and Valencia.


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
An additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right—the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures—and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).


1910 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date
The term of each House of the Cortes—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.


1910 Spring Hill Badgers football team
The 1910 Spring Hill Badgers football team represented the Spring Hill Badgers of Spring Hill College during the 1910 college football season.


1910 St. Louis Browns season
The 1910 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Browns finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 47 wins and 107 losses.


1910 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1910 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1910 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1910 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 29th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 19th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 63–90 during the season and finished 7th in the National League.


1910 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1910 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1910 Svenska Mästerskapet Final
The 1910 Svenska Mästerskapet Final was played on 16 October 1910 between the second-time finalists IFK Göteborg and the four-time finalists Djurgårdens IF. The match decided the winner of 1910 Svenska Mästerskapet, the football cup to determine the Swedish champions. IFK Göteborg won their second title with a 3–0 victory.


1910 Svenska Serien
Svenska Serien 1910, part of the 1910 Swedish football season, was the first Svenska Serien season played. Örgryte IS won the league ahead of runners-up AIK, while Göteborgs FF and Västmanland-Nerikes BK were relegated.


1910 Swansea District by-election
The Swansea District by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Swansea District in Glamorgan in South Wales on 28 February 1910.


1910 Swansea District by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir David Brynmor Jones, KC to be Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. Under the Parliamentary rules of the day, if he wished to remain an MP, he was required to resign and fight a by-election.


1910 Swansea District by-election, Candidates
The Swansea District Liberals re-selected Jones. At the general election of January 1910 he had been returned with the substantial majority of 6,073 votes over his Unionist opponent.


1910 Swansea District by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward, Brynmor Jones was returned unopposed.


1910 Swarthmore Quakers football team
The 1910 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1910 college football season. The team compiled a 5–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 144 to 59. George H. Brooke was the head coach.


1910 Swiss electoral system referendum
A referendum on the electoral system was held in Switzerland on 23 October 1910. Voters were asked whether they approved of introducing proportional representation for National Council elections. Although the proposal was approved by a majority of cantons, it was rejected by 52.5% of voters. This was the second such referendum, after the one in 1900 also failed. However, a third referendum on the same issue was held in 1918, and passed with 66.8% in favour.


1910 Swiss electoral system referendum, Background
The referendum was a public initiative, which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.


1910 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1910 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1910 college football season. The head coach was Tad Jones, coaching his second season with the Orangemen. The team played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York.


1910 TCU football team
The 1910 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) during the 1910 college football season. Led by Kemp Lewis in his first and only year as head coach, TCU compiled an overall record of 2–6–1. TCU returned in 1910 to Fort Worth, Texas, where the university had been founded, after operating the previous 15 years in Waco, Texas. The 1910 football team played their home games at Haines Park and Butz Park in Fort Worth. The team's captain was William Massie, who played center.


1910 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1910 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1910 college football season. Lex Stone was the team's head coach.


1910 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1910 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Republican nominee Ben W. Hooper defeated Democratic nominee Robert Love Taylor with 51.89% of the vote. Taylor was nominated after incumbent governor Malcolm R. Patterson withdrew from the context, while Hooper had defeated Taylor's brother Alfred A. Taylor for the Republican nomination.


1910 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1910 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas—now known as Texas A&M University—as in independent  during the 1910 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Charley Moran, the Aggies finished the season with a record of 8–1.


1910 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1910 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1910 college football season. In their first year under head coach Billy Wasmund, the Longhorns compiled a 6–2 and outscored opponents by a collective total of 162 to 42.


1910 Texas Longhorns football team
The game against Baylor ended in a forfeit when Baylor left in the third quarter, with the score tied 6–6, due to a dispute with the referee.


1910 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 1910 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1910 college football season. This was the sixth year of intercollegiate football at The Citadel, with Sam Costen serving as coach for the second season. The Bulldogs played their first season as full members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. All home games are believed to have been played at College Park Stadium in Hampton Park.


1910 The Hartlepools by-election
The Hartlepools by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1910 The Hartlepools by-election, Vacancy
Sir Christopher Furness had been Liberal MP for the seat of The Hartlepools since the 1900 general election. His re-election in January 1910 was declared void after an electoral petition causing the need for the by-election. The Petitioners (Joseph Foster Wilson and John Roger Butterwick) alleged illegal practices in illegal payments to certain persons, for marks of distinction and for conveyance of voters to the poll. It was also alleged that the maximum campaign expenditure allowed had been exceeded and that a false return of expenses had been made by the Butler, Furness's Election Agent.


1910 The Hartlepools by-election, Vacancy
Butler, who was the private secretary of Furness, charged nothing for his services and clerks in the employ of Furness's firm rendered clerical assistance without payment. The return of Election expenses made was only a few shillings below the maximum allowed.


1910 The Hartlepools by-election, Vacancy
Mr Justice Phillimore commented "If it could be said that Butler's appointment was wholly political, or that he was retained partly as a private secretary and also for the political work of Sir Christopher, if he was an extra Agent during the Election, then it would be necessary to return a proportionate part of the salary as being an expense of the Election.


1910 The Hartlepools by-election, Vacancy
It was said that the real reason why he was not paid anything was the fact that Sir Christopher's expenses came within a few shillings of the maximum, but there was no evidence of any contract to the effect that Sir Christopher Furness would pay the Election Agent's fee if he could do so without exceeding the maximum of expense." As to the clerks, Mr. Justice Phillimore said : — " The evidence with regard to the employment on the Election day of clerks in the service of Furness, Withy & Co. was incomplete. He was not able to say, on the evidence, whether they ought to consider Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., as a separate person from Sir Christopher, under another name.


1910 The Hartlepools by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been won by the Liberal Party at every election since 1874, apart from 1886 and 1895 when a former Liberal standing as a Liberal Unionist won. Furness easily held the seat at the last election;


1910 The Hartlepools by-election, Aftermath
Furness held the seat at the following General Election six months later with a further reduced majority;


1910 Tie Cup Final
The 1910 Tie Cup Final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 11th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Argentine C.A. Estudiantes and Uruguayan CURCC. This would be the last Tie Cup played by the CURCC before the club dissolved in 1915.


1910 Tie Cup Final
In the match, played at Estadio G.E.B.A. in Belgrano, both teams tied 2–2 so a playoff needed to be played to determine a winner. Nevertheless, the rematch was never scheduled so the trophy was declared desert in 1911.


1910 Tie Cup Final, Overview
Estudiantes earned its place in the final after having won the 1910 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club, where the squad beat Argentino de Rosario (1–0 in Palermo), Newell's Old Boys (3–3, 4–3 in Palermo and Rosario respectively), and Gimnasia y Esgrima in the final (3–1 at Ferro C. Oeste). The match was held in Gimnasia y Esgrima Stadium in Palermo (that had been completely refurbished for the Copa Centenario Revolución de Mayo) on 7 August 1910.


1910 Tie Cup Final, Overview
Estudiantes took advantage with only 5 seconds played, when forward Maximiliano Susán scored the first goal. The same player scorded again on 5', to put Estudiantes 2–0 over CURCC. Nevertheless, the visitor team (goal by Zibecchi) scored for the 2–1. In the second half, CURCC forced the draw on 12' after a free kick by Zibecchi.


1910 Tie Cup Final, Overview
As a strong rain fell during the match, referee Héctor Alfano agreed with both captains to suspend the game on 61 minutes. With the 2–2 result, a playoff was scheduled for August 21 to determine a champion. However, the break up between both associations, AFA and AUF, after the 1910 Copa Lipton match held on August 15 caused the playoff was not carried out. In April 1911 the Cup was officially declared desert with no champion crowned.


1910 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1910 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 21st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1910 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
Toomevara won the championship. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1890.


1910 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1910 Toronto Argonauts season was the 27th season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in second place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 3–3 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.


1910 Toronto Argonauts season, Regular season
This was the first season in which it became usual for the Montreal Football Club to be referred to as the Winged Wheelers.


1910 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on 1 January 1910. George Reginald Geary was elected to his first term as mayor. Two plebiscites were passed:


1910 Toronto municipal election
Three by-laws were also voted on, two passed. The approved by-laws were:


1910 Toronto municipal election
The by-law that failed to win approval was the one calling for the extension of Bloor Street by means of a viaduct.


1910 Toronto municipal election, Voting eligibility
Unlike the present era, the right to vote was not universal to all citizens. Notably, since 1884, most women were still not allowed to vote as they had to be either a widow or single, and own land. There were also restrictions on which men could vote on what options. A complicated system based on what land was owned or leased decided if a person could vote on the money by-laws or not. The following excerpt from The Globe explains the process:


1910 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor
Mayor Joseph Oliver did not run for re-election. George Reginald Geary had run for the mayor's office in 1908 but lost to Oliver before winning a seat on the Board of Control the next year. In an open race in 1910, Geary's main opponent was fellow Controller Horatio Clarence Hocken, founder of the Toronto Star and social reformer whom he defeated by 4,000 votes.


1910 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control
All results are sourced from the 3 January 1910 The Globe, page one. Two spots opened up on the Toronto Board of Control as a result of Controllers Geary and Hocken both running for mayor. Tommy Church and Thomas Foster joined the Board for the first time and Frank S. Spence returned, this time topping the vote, after being defeated the previous year. William Spence Harrison was defeated meaning only one incumbent, Labourite J.J. Ward, was re-elected.


1910 Tour de France
The 1910 Tour de France was the eighth edition of the Tour de France, taking place 3 to 31 July. It consisted of 15 stages over 4,734 kilometres (2,942 mi), ridden at an average speed of 28.680 km/h. It was the first Tour to enter the Pyrenees mountains. Two main candidates for the victory were 1909 winner François Faber, a sprinter, and Octave Lapize, a climber, both members of the powerful Alcyon team. Because of the points system, their chances for the overall victory were approximately equal. The race was not decided until the final stage, after which Lapize had won by a difference of only four points.


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
The courses of the Tour de France in 1907, 1908 and 1909 had been nearly identical. In 1910, the Pyrenees were included, an initiative from Adolphe Steinès, who had drawn the course for the Tour de France since the first Tour in 1903. Compared to the 1907, 1908 and 1909 Tours, the stages Nîmes-Toulouse and Toulouse-Bayonne were replaced by three stages, Nîmes–Perpignan, Perpignan–Luchon and Luchon–Bayonne.


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
Tour organiser Henri Desgrange at first refused the inclusion of the Pyrenees, but later gave in and sent Steinès to the Pyrenees to see if it was possible to send cyclists up the mountains. Steinès encountered many difficulties. He went there at 27 January 1910, and asked an innkeeper for directions over the Tourmalet. The innkeeper replied that it is barely crossable in July, so practically impossible in January. Steinès hired a car anyway and rode up the mountain. Close to the top, there was so much snow that the car could not go further, and he continued on foot.


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
Steinès walked during the night, and fell down a ravine. At 3 a.m. he was found by a search party. He quickly got some food and a hot bath. The next morning, he sent a positive telegram to Desgrange: "Have crossed the Tourmalet on foot STOP Road passable to vehicles STOP No snow STOP".


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
When it was announced that the Pyrenees were included in the race, 136 cyclists had entered the race. After the news, 26 cyclists removed themselves from the starting list. Other newspapers reacted to the Tour's route as "dangerous" and "bizarre".


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
Also new in 1910 was the broom wagon, to pick up the cyclists that abandoned during the race. This was a reaction of the Tour organisers to the criticism of the cyclists, many cycling independently with no team support, on the difficult mountains. It was designed to prevent riders from cheating, by using other forms of transport. In the tenth stage, over the four mountains in the Pyrenees, cyclists were allowed to finish the stage in the broom wagon and still start the next stage.


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
Technically, a new addition were gears. Lucien Petit-Breton, Maurice Brocco, Henri Cornet, Charles Pavese and Jean Alavoine rode with gears.


1910 Tour de France, Innovations and changes
What had not changed was the points system. A cyclist received points, based on their rankings. As in 1909, the points system was "cleaned up" two times: after the 9th stage and after the 14th stage. Cyclists who had abandoned the race were removed from the rankings of the previous stages, and the classification was recalculated.


1910 Tour de France, Teams
Although cyclist were in 1909 able to register for the Tour with a sponsor, they were still considered to be riding as individuals; in 1910 they competed for the first time in teams.


1910 Tour de France, Teams
The cyclists were not so enthusiastic about the inclusion of the Pyrenées, and there were fewer participants: 110 instead of 150 in 1909. There were three teams with 10 cyclists each, including all the favourites for the overall victory: Alcyon, Le Globe and Legnano. The French team "La Française" decided not to join, but allowed their cyclists to ride for the Italian Legnano team. The other 80 cyclists rode as individuals, this was called the "isolés" category.


1910 Tour de France, Race overview
The first stage, from Paris to Roubaix, was won by Charles Crupelandt. In the second stage, François Faber showed his strengths, and won the stage, and took the lead.


1910 Tour de France, Race overview
On the rest day between the sixth and seventh stage in Nice, cyclist Adolphe Hélière died whilst swimming. He was the first victim of the Tour de France. In the ninth stage, four mountains were climbed, and Desgrange saw how much trouble the cyclists had on these mountains. The tenth stage would include the Pyrenees mountains, so Desgrange left the race and made Victor Breyer the director of the stage. In that tenth stage, the Tourmalet was climbed, the highest point of the 1910 Tour de France. Octave Lapize reached the top first, followed by Gustave Garrigou.


1910 Tour de France, Race overview
Garrigou was the only cyclist who reached the top without dismounting, and received an extra prize of 100 francs for that. The next climb was the Aubisque. Lapize struggled there, and regional rider François Lafourcade lead the race. The organisers had a car standing in top, and when Lafourcade passed them, they did not recognize him, and when they found out it was Lafourcade, they were surprised that such an unknown rider had been able to pass all the 'cracks'. When Lapize passed the organiser's car (15 minutes later), he screamed "Assassins! ", and announced that he would give up during the descent. Downhill, he refound his strength and was able to catch up to Lafourcade, and even win the stage. By the end of the stage, ten riders had officially completed the stage on bike.


1910 Tour de France, Race overview
After the 12th stage, Faber was leading the race by only one point. In that stage to Brest, Faber punctured, and Lapize took over the lead, helped by Garrigou.


1910 Tour de France, Race overview
In the 14th stage, Faber sped away almost from the start in what could be his last chance to win the Tour de France. It seemed that he had a chance, until a flat tyre caused him to lose time, and Lapize could get back to him, again aided by Garrigou. Lapize improved his lead by winning the stage, and had a six-point margin before the last stage. In that last stage, it was Lapize who suffered from a flat tyre, shortly after the start. Faber raced away, but could not pull off the stunt: he had a flat tyre. He still finished ahead of Lapize, but won back only two points, so the 1910 Tour de France was won by Lapize.


1910 Tour de France, Results
The Alcyon team was dominant in the 1910 Tour de France, winning 9 out of 15 stages.


1910 Tour de France, Results, General classification
Of the 110 starting cyclists, 41 finished. The winner, Octave Lapize, received 5000 francs for his victory. In total, he earned 7525 francs during the race; the average daily wages were around 5 to 7 francs.


1910 Tour de France, Results, Other classifications
Fifth-placed Charles Cruchon became the winner of the "isolés" category. The organising newspaper l'Auto named Octave Lapize the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 1910 Tour de France was the 8th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 3 July and stage 8 occurred on 15 July with a flat stage to Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 31 July.


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 1
3 July 1910 — Paris to Roubaix, 269 km (167.1 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 2
5 July 1910 — Roubaix to Metz, 398 km (247.3 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 3
7 July 1910 — Metz to Belfort, 259 km (161 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 4
9 July 1910 — Belfort to Lyon, 309 km (192 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 5
11 July 1910 — Lyon to Grenoble, 311 km (193 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 6
13 July 1910 — Grenoble to Nice, 345 km (214 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 7
15 July 1910 — Nice to Nîmes, 345 km (214 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8, Stage 8
17 July 1910 — Nîmes to Perpignan, 216 km (134.2 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15
The 1910 Tour de France was the 8th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 3 July and Stage 9 occurred on 19 July with a flat stage from Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 31 July.


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 9
19 July 1910 — Perpignan to Luchon, 289 km (180 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 10
21 July 1910 — Luchon to Bayonne, 326 km (202.6 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 11
23 July 1910 — Bayonne to Bordeaux, 269 km (167 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 12
25 July 1910 — Bordeaux to Nantes, 391 km (243 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 13
27 July 1910 — Nantes to Brest, 321 km (199 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 14
29 July 1910 — Brest to Caen, 424 km (263 mi)


1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15, Stage 15
31 July 1910 — Caen to Paris, 262 km (163 mi)


1910 Tower Hamlets St George by-election
The Tower Hamlets St George by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. It was held on 1 March 1910.


1910 Tower Hamlets St George by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused due to the incumbent Liberal MP, William Wedgwood Benn, becoming a Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring him to seek re-election.


1910 Tower Hamlets St George by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Liberal since Benn gained it in 1906. Benn easily held the seat at the January 1910 election, with a reduced majority;


1910 Tower Hamlets St George by-election, Result
The Liberals held the seat and managed a slightly increased majority;


1910 Tower Hamlets St George by-election, Aftermath
Benn was re-elected at the general election 9 months later.