1916 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1916 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the Kentucky Wildcats of the University of Kentucky during the 1916 college football season. Stoll Field was dedicated for the game with rival Vanderbilt, the season's only loss. Vanderbilt's quarterback was third-team All-American Irby Curry. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin stated "If you would give me Doc Rodes, I would say he was a greater player than Curry." The season closed with an upset tie of conference champion and rival Tennessee; an account of which reads "Rodes and McIlvain, Kentucky's quarterback and fullback, played a magnificent game and had they received the proper support from their team, would have piled up a large score against Tennessee."


1916 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1916 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 27th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1916 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 24 August 1919, Mooncoin won the championship after a 5-02 to 2-03 defeat of Tullaroan in a final replay. This was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.


1916 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Political troubles at the time meant that the championship was not completed until 1919. The Kilkenny County Board decided to also award the winners of the 1916 championship as winners of both the 1917 and 1918 county championship.


1916 LSU Tigers football team
The 1916 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1916 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1916 Lafayette football team
The 1916 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach Wilmer G. Crowell, the team compiled a 2–6–1 record. Paul Taylor was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1916 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1916 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Tom Keady, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 171 to 45. The team played its home games at Taylor Stadium in South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1916 Liga Peruana de Football
The 1916 Primera División was the fifth season of top-flight Peruvian football. Eight teams competed in the league. The champion was Sport José Gálvez.


1916 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1916 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 24th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1916 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Claughaun won the championship after an 8-03 to 3-01 defeat of Caherline in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their third championship title in succession.


1916 Live...Everything Louder than Everything Else
Motörhead Live: Everything Löuder than Everything Else is a 1991 live video featuring Motörhead's performance recorded at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany on 11 March 1991. Most of the material was recorded in grainy b/w, as was popular at the time. However, some scenes were recorded in colour, or have some colour in them.


1916 Live...Everything Louder than Everything Else
The initial UK release has a sticker on the front, inviting fans to send off for a free poster.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election
The Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 21 February 1916 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool East Toxteth.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the appointment of the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Edward Marshall Hall as the Recorder of Guildford. The Recorder's role as a part-time judge disqualified him from sitting in Parliament, and his acceptance of the post automatically caused a vacancy, and Hall accepted the appointment after checking with the Liverpool Conservatives that a by-election would not be problematic for them.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, Vacancy
The writ of election for the by-election was moved in the Commons on 10 February by William Bridgeman, the MP for Oswestry.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives had already selected Captain James Stuart Rankin as their prospective candidate for the next general election.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, Candidates
The 36-year-old Rankin, who was then serving in Liverpool with the Royal Field Artillery, was formally adopted on 14 February as the Conservative candidate for the by-election. During World War I, the major political parties had agreed not to contest by-elections when seats held by their respective parties fell vacant, and the Toxteth Liberals accepted Rankin's nomination. They did not nominate a candidate of their own.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, Candidates
Since Rankin was the only candidate, he was returned unopposed.


1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, Aftermath
At the next general election, in 1918, Rankin was re-elected unopposed as a Coalition Conservative. He held the seat until he stood down at the 1924 general election,


1916 Los Angeles Angels season
The 1916 Los Angeles Angels season was the 14th season for the Los Angeles Angels playing in the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The Angels compiled a 119–79 record and won the PCL pennant. The team played its home games at Washington Park in Los Angeles.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season
Frank Chance, at age 38, was the team's manager and also appeared in 11 games as a player. Chance was the first baseman immortalized in Franklin Pierce Adams' famous poem about the Chicago Cubs' infield combination of Tinker to Evers to Chance.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Catcher Johnny Bassler was 20 years old at the start of the season and led the team with a .304 batting average. Rated as one of the 50 best catchers in baseball history in The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Bassler was later inducted into the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Right fielder Harry Wolter, a California native, began his career in the PCL in 1905 and 1906, played in the majors from 1907 to 1913, and returned west in 1914 to join the Angels. He appeared in 173 games for the 1916 Angels, tied for the PCL lead with 12 triples, and led the team with a .410 slugging percentage.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
First baseman Phil Koerner led the team with 199 hits and tied for the PCL lead with 12 triples. Koerner played six seasons in the PCL from 1916 to 1920, including stints with the Oakland and San Francisco clubs.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Left fielder Rube Ellis appeared in 197 games and led the team with 755 at bats. Ellis began his career with the Angels from 1905 to 1908, played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1909 to 1912, and then returned to the Angels for whom he played from 1913 to 1921. In all, he played 19 seasons of professional baseball.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Pitchers
Pitcher Jack Ryan finished second in the PCL with 29 wins (29-10 record) and a 2.19 earned run average (ERA). He appeared in 48 games for the Angels in 1916. Ryan played for the Angels from 1913 to 1917, winning 108 games over those five seasons.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Pitchers
Pete Standridge, a native of Enumclaw, Washington, also had a strong season. He appeared in 44 games and compiled a 20-10 record with a 2.53 ERA.


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage


1916 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average


1916 Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1916 Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Industrial Institute—now known as Louisiana Tech University—as a member of the Louisiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association (LIAA) during the 1916 college football season. Led by A. Flack in his first and only season as head coach, Louisiana Industrial compiled an overall record of 2–4. Dewitt Milam was the team's captain.


1916 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1916 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on April 18, 1916. Like most Southern states between the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support. This meant that the Democratic Party primary held on January 25 was supposed to be the real contest over who would be governor. However, in this particular election Progressive Party nominee John M. Parker ran an unusually competitive campaign, garnering 37% of the general election vote. The election resulted in the election of Democrat Ruffin G. Pleasant as governor of Louisiana.


1916 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1916 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Will Duffy, the Cardinals compiled a 2–3–1 record. The team played its home games at Eclipse Park in Louisville, Kentucky.


1916 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1916 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1916 college football season. The team compiled a 0–4–3 record. Tommy Hughitt was the head coach for the second year, and William Gorham was the team captain.


1916 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1916 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 11, 1916.


1916 Maine gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Oakley C. Curtis was defeated for re-election by Republican candidate Carl Milliken.


1916 Mansfield by-election
The Mansfield by-election of 1916 was held on 20 September 1916. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Arthur Markham. It was won by the Liberal candidate Charles Seely.


1916 Mansfield by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Arthur Markham.


1916 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1916 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall College (now Marshall University) in the 1916 college football season. Marshall posted a 7–2–1 record, outscoring its opposition 267–101. Home games were played on a campus field called "Central Field" which is presently Campus Commons.


1916 Maryland State Aggies football team
The 1916 Maryland State Aggies football team represented Maryland State College (which in 1920 became part of the University of Maryland) in the 1916 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Curley Byrd, the Aggies compiled a 6–2 record, and outscored all opponents, 142 to 52. The team's victories included over VMI (15–9), St. John's College (31–6), Catholic University (13–9), and Johns Hopkins (54–0). Its two losses were to Navy (7–14) and Haverford (6–7).


1916 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1916 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1916 college football season. The team was coached by George Melican and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1916 season was Melican's only as head coach of the Aggies and the team's last season before disbanding during World War I. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 2–4–2.


1916 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1916 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916.


1916 Massachusetts legislature
The 137th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1916.


1916 Massillon Tigers season
The 1916 Massillon Tigers football season  was their seventh season in existence. The team posted a 7-1-2 record in 1916.


1916 Medal
The 1916 Medal is a service medal of the Republic of Ireland. Established 24 January 1941, the medal was awarded to those who rendered recognised military service during the week of 23 April 1916 during the Easter Rising.


1916 Medal, Appearance
The 1916 Medal is a bronze circular medal approximately 35 mm (1.4 in) in diameter. The design replicates the official Irish Army crest, a sunburst surmounted by an 8-pointed star. The obverse of the medal bears a depiction of the death of Cúchulainn, partially surrounded by a sword belt. On the reverse is the inscription: SEAĊTAIN NA CÁSCA 1916, which translates to "Easter Week 1916". The medal is suspended from a ribbon of half green and half orange, the green to the wearers right. At the top of the ribbon is a suspension bar from which the ribbon hangs bearing an interlaced Celtic design.


1916 Memorial, Limerick
The 1916 memorial at Limerick, Ireland, is one of many erected in the Republic of Ireland to commemorate the dead of the 1916 Easter Rising. Located at Sarsfield Bridge, it was first erected in 1954, as a result of fund-raising efforts begun in 1931. The memorial was designed by sculptor Albert Power.


1916 Memorial, Limerick
The bronze statues at the top of the memorial represent three local participants in the Easter Rising: Tom Clarke, Ned Daly and Con Colbert., alongside a figure representing Mother Ireland. The monument is configured around a stone plinth that previously held a statue of Viscount Fitzgibbon, of Mountshannon House, who was killed during The Charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimean War, and which was blown up by nationalists in 1930. The memorial was unveiled on Sunday 27 May 1956, by Leslie de Barra, the wife of former Republican leader Tom Barry. In her speech, she paid tribute to the "weary and patient work" and the "courageous example" of those involved in the Rising.


1916 Memorial, Limerick
Patrick Hillery represented the Irish government at the 1966 Golden Jubilee commemoration in 1966, reviewing the troops who participated in the ceremony. However, by 2006, the memorial was in need of maintenance work, and Sinn Féin representatives were critical of the local authority, saying that the monument was in "a shocking state of disrepair".


1916 Mercer Baptists football team
The 1916 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1916 college football season.


1916 Miami Redskins football team
The 1916 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1916 college football season. In its first season under head coach George Little, Miami compiled a 7–0–1 record (6–0–1 against conference opponents), shut out six of eight opponents, and won the OAC championship.


1916 Miami Redskins football team
The season was part of a 27-game unbeaten streak that began in November 1915 and ended in October 1919.


1916 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1916 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1916 college football season. In their first year under head coach Dutch Sommer, the Aggies compiled a 4–2–1 record and outscored their opponents 126 to 26.


1916 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The Aggies played their annual game against Michigan at Ferry Field on October 21, 1916. It was the 11th game between the two schools dating back to 1898. Michigan had won seven of the prior ten games, but M.A.C. had defeated the Wolverines in 1915. Michigan won the 1916 game by a score of 9 to 0. According to one account of the game, Michigan quarterback Cliff Sparks "crumpled the Aggie line almost every time he crashed into it and circled ends with ease, and was eel-like in running back punts."


1916 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After two scoreless quarters, M.A.C's Baker in the fourth quarter fumbled a punt at M.A.C. 's 22-yard line. After gains of 10 yards by Sparks and eight yards by Cedric "Pat" Smith, left halfback John Maulbetsch finished the drive with a two-yard run for the touchdown. The game was played in 15-minute quarters.


1916 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1916 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1916 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Elmer Mitchell, the Normalites compiled a record of 1–2–1 and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 33 to 18. Alexander J. Longnecker was the team captain.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1916 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1916 college football season. In his 16th year as head coach, Fielding H. Yost led Michigan to a 7–2 record, as the Wolverines outscored their opponents by a combined score of 253 to 56. Michigan held its first five opponents to a combined total of three points and won its first seven games by a combined score of 227 to 23. The team then lost its final two games, each game by a margin of only three points, against Cornell and Penn.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team
Michigan's leading scorer was left halfback John Maulbetsch with 89 kicks for on 11 touchdowns, 20 points after touchdown (PAT) and a field goal. Maulbetsch was also the team's captain. Quarterback Cliff Sparks added 40 points on six touchdowns, one field goal and one PAT. New York sports writer Monty selected Sparks as the first-team quarterback on his 1916 College Football All-America Team.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Marietta
On Wednesday, October 4, 1916, Michigan opened its season with a game at Ferry Field against Marietta College from Marietta, Ohio. The game was the second and final game against the Marietta Pioneers football team, with Michigan having defeated the Pioneers by a 28–6 score in 1915.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Marietta
Michigan defeated Marietta in the 1916 match by a 38–0 score. Quarterback Cliff Sparks scored three touchdownsF. The Detroit Free Press characterized Sparks' running as "one of the big features of the game." Left halfback John Maulbetsch scored a touchdown, kicked a field goal from placement, and converted four of four attempts at kicks for point after touchdown (PAT) for a total of 13 points. Philip Raymond also scored a touchdown, and Frank Willard kicked a PAT. Marietta relied heavily on the forward pass and did so with some success. Early in the game, Marietta completed a pass, Whiting to Hayes, for a gain of 55 yards before being tackled by Sparks.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Marietta
The game was played in 12-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against Marietta was Maurice Dunne (left end), James Whalen (left tackle), Fred Rehor (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), R. Glenn Dunn (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Cliff Sparks (quarterback), John Maulbetsch (left halfback), James Sharpe (right halfback), and Cedric "Pat" Smith (fullback).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Marietta
Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were Harry McCallum (left tackle), Albert Martens (left end), John Orton Goodsell (right guard), Frank Willard (center), Clifford Gracey (right tackle), Philip Raymond (fullback), Harold Zeiger (quarterback), Donald Bathrick (right halfback) Walter Johnson (right halfback), Clarence Skinner (left tackle), Hoyne Howe (right end), Orva Williams (left guard), Edward Biber (right guard), and N. J. Brazell (left halfback).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Case
On Saturday, October 7, 1916, Michigan played its annual game against the team from Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland. The game was the 20th meeting between the schools in a series dating back to 1894. In the 19 prior meetings, Michigan won 18 games and played to a tie once.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Case
Michigan won the 1916 game by a 19–3 score. Case took the lead in the first quarter on a field goal from placement by Ashbaugh and led briefly. After Case scored, Michigan scored on its next drive. The drive featured a 25-yard run around left end by quarterback Cliff Sparks, a 15-yard run by left halfback John Maulbetsch, and a final touchdown plunge by fullback Cedric "Pat" Smith. In the second quarter, Maulbetsch helped set up the second score with a 30-yard punt return.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Case
A forward pass from Sparks to Maurice Dunne advanced the ball to the Case 20-yard line, and Sparks then ran around the left end for the touchdown. Michigan missed on both of its PAT attempts in the first half and led 12 to 3 at halftime. In the third quarter, Sparks returned a punt 60 yards, but fullback Philip Raymond fumbled after the ball had been advanced to the five-yard line. After an interception in the fourth quarter, Maulbetsch scored Michigan's final touchdown and kicked the PAT.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Case
Sparks was recognized as the star of the game. He ran for 115 yards in the game and set up a touchdown with a pass to left end Maurice Dunne for a 40-yard gain. The Detroit Free Press wrote: "The individual work of Sparks in his open field running and all-around generalship easily stood out as the brightest feature to the somewhat disappointing tussle." The Michigan Alumnus wrote of Sparks: "[H]e looks like the real find of the season. He was the hardest man on the team to stop, and his dodging runs from punt formation gained many yards for Michigan."


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Case
The game was played in 12 1⁄2-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against Case was Dunne (left end), James Whalen (left tackle), Fred Rehor (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), R. Glenn Dunn (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Sparks (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Donald Bathrick (right halfback), and Smith (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were N. J. Brazell (right halfback), Albert Martens (left end), Philip Raymond (fullback), James Sharpe (right halfback), Frank Willard (center), and Harry McCallum (left tackle).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: Carroll
On Wednesday, October 11, 1916, Michigan played its second mid-week game against the football team from Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin. The game was the first and only meeting between the schools.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: Carroll
Quarterback Cliff Sparks, playing only in the first half, scored two touchdowns, "circled the ends at will", averaged almost 20 yards per carry when running from punt formation, and threw a 25-yard pass to left end Maurice Dunne. Dunne caught three passes in the game, including one in the second half that was good for a touchdown. Additional touchdowns were scored by John Maulbetsch, N. J. Brazell, Joseph Hanish, Harold Zeiger, and Philip Raymond. Maulbetsch also successfully converted six of eight kicks for points after touchdown, and Zeiger returned a punt 47 yards in the second half. Carroll did not manage its first and only first down until the fourth quarter against Michigan's substitutes. The game was played in quarters lasting 12, 12, 10 and 5 minutes. As the game lasted only 39 minutes, Michigan scored an average almost 1 1⁄2 points per minute.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: Carroll
Michigan's starting lineup against Carroll was Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Alan Boyd (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), John Ortonn Goodsell (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Sparks (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Brazell (right halfback), and Philip Raymond (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan included Albert Martens (right end), Hanish (fullback), Zeiger (quarterback), Cedric "Pat" Smith (fullback), Frank Willard (center), Donald Bathrick, Clarence Skinner (right guard), Roland G. Dunn (right guard), Alvin Loucks (left end), Edward Biber (left halfback), and Harry McCallum (left tackle). Smith did not start due to a sprained finger. Fred Rehor was held out of the game due to a minor injury sustained during a practice scrimmage.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Mount Union
On Saturday, October 14, 1916, Michigan played the football team Mount Union College of Alliance, Ohio. The game was the fourth game between the two schools since 1913, with Michigan winning the prior games by a combined score of 76 to 7.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Mount Union
Michigan won the 1916 game at Ferry Field by a 26–0 score. Michigan touchdowns were scored by left halfback John Maulbetsch, center Walter Niemann, right halfback N. J. Brazell, and fullback Cedric "Pat" Smith. Maulbetsch and Frank Willard each kicked one point after touchdown. Brazell's touchdown came on an interception that he returned 65 yards. Nieman's touchdown came when he recovered Maulbetsch's fumble across the goal line.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Mount Union
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against Mount Union was Maurice Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Alan Boyd (left guard), Niemann (center), Fred Rehor (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Sparks (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Harold Zeiger (right halfback), and Joseph Hanish (fullback).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Mount Union
Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were Smith (fullback), Brazell (right halfback), John Orton Goodsell (left guard), Albert Martens (left end), Philip Raymond (fullback), Sidney Eggert (left halfback), Frank Willard (center), James Whalen (right tackle), Clifford Gracey (right guard), Harry McCallum (left tackle), Alvin Loucks (right end), and Clarence Skinner (left guard).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Michigan Agricultural
Michigan played its annual game against Michigan Agricultural College at Ferry Field on October 21, 1916. It was the 11th game between the two schools dating back to 1898. Michigan had won seven of the prior ten games, but M.A.C. had defeated the Wolverines in 1915.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Michigan Agricultural
Michigan won the 1916 game by a score of 9–0. According to one account of the game, Michigan quarterback Cliff Sparks "crumpled the Aggie line almost every time he crashed into it and circled ends with ease, and was eel-like in running back punts." The play that drew the most attention was Sparks' drop-kick on a broken play that gave Michigan a 3-0 lead in the first quarter. The play called for Sparks to take the snap from center and hold the ball for a field goal attempt. The snap from center was high, forcing Sparks to react quickly. One press account described Sparks' actions as follows:


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Michigan Agricultural
"And then seemingly with a single movement, Sparks jumped to his feet, grabbed the ball as it was about to clear his head, whirled to face the goal posts and drop-kicked the ball over the Aggie bar for a count of three points, which then and there cinched the game for the Wolverines. ' It was the greatest individual play ever seen in my whole career as coach or player,' was 'Hurry Up' Yost's comment after the game. And every person in the crowd who saw Sparks plan and execute that play in something less than two seconds chanted 'Amen!'"


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Michigan Agricultural
Following the broken play in the first quarter, Sparks sought to confuse the Aggie defense by signaling for a kick formation several times, and on each occasion Sparks did something else "to the utter bewilderment of the Aggies."


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Michigan Agricultural
After two scoreless quarters, M.A.C's Baker in the fourth quarter fumbled a punt at M.A.C. 's 22-yard line. After gains of 10 yards by Sparks and eight yards by Cedric "Pat" Smith, left halfback John Maulbetsch finished the drive with a two-yard run for the touchdown. Left end Maurice Dunne missed the kick for point after touchdown.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Michigan Agricultural
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against M.A.C. was Maurice Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Alan Boyd (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), Fred Rehor (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Sparks (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Philip Raymond (right halfback), and Smith (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were Clifford Gracey (left guard), Joseph Hanish (right halfback), Bathrick (right halfback), and Sidney Eggert (left halfback).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 6: Syracuse
Michigan played its annual game against Syracuse University at Ferry Field on October 28, 1916. After leaving the Big Ten Conference, Michigan began playing an annual game against Syracuse. The 1916 game was the ninth game dating back to 1908. Michigan had compiled a 3-4-1 record in the prior eight games.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 6: Syracuse
Michigan won the 1916 game by a score of 14–13. Syracuse jumped to a 13–0 lead, but Michigan came back with 14 points in the fourth quarter. After an injury sidelined quarterback Cliff Sparks earlier in the game, backup Harold Zeiger scored both touchdowns, and left halfback John Maulbetsch converted both kicks for points after touchdown. The first touchdown, with four minutes remaining in the game, resulted in a holding penalty moved the ball to the Syracuse six-yard line.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 6: Syracuse
After two unsuccessful line plays, the Wolverines lined up for a fake field goal, and Zeiger picked up the ball and ran around the right side for a touchdown. With two minutes remaining, Maurice Dunne intercepted a Syracuse pass at the 45-yard line. Cedric Smith threw to Dunne for 33 yards, and Syracuse was then penalized when Syracuse's coach Hollenbach stepped onto the field. The penalty advanced the ball to Syracuse's six-yard line. On second down, Zeiger ran four yards for a touchdown. With the game riding on the attempt at extra point, "Maulbetsch took his time, finally kicking the ball squarely between the uprights." The Michigan Alumnus wrote that Michigan's comeback, occurring in the final seven minutes of the game, "will go down in Michigan history."


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 6: Syracuse
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against Syracuse was Maurice Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Clifford Gracey (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), Fred Rehor (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Cliff Sparks (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Philip Raymond (right halfback), and Cedric "Pat" Smith (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were Zeiger (quarterback), Alan Boyd (left guard), Albert Martens (right end), Hanish (right halfback), and John Orton Goodsell (right guard).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Washington University
On November 4, 1916, Michigan played the team from Washington University in St. Louis at Ferry Field. The game was the first and last meeting between the two programs. Washington University's head coach at the time was Bill Edmunds, a Michigan alumnus who had played for coach Yost's teams from 1908 to 1910.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Washington University
The Wolverines defeated the Washington University Bears by a score of 66 to 7. John Maulbetsch led the attack for Michigan, scoring five touchdowns and kicking four extra points for 34 points. Quarterback Harold Zeiger scored two touchdowns, including a 45-yard run for touchdown, while Philip Raymond, N. J. Brazell and Joseph A. Hanish scored one touchdown each. Fred Rehor kicked two extra points. Raymond handled the punting for Michigan and had one punt that "with the wind behind it carried 70 yards on the fly."


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Washington University
Washington's touchdown came in the second quarter when Zeiger fumbled the ball while attempting a forward pass. Washington's left end Kling picked up the loose ball and returned it 40 yards for the score. On offense, Washington did not make a single first down by rushing, gaining less than 25 yards from scrimmage in the game.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Washington University
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup was Maurice Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Alan Boyd (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), Rehor (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Harold Zeiger (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Raymond (right halfback), and Cedric Smith (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were R. Glenn Dunn, John Orton Goodsell, Albert Martens, Hanish,  James Whalen, Clarence Skinner, Harry McCallum, Alvin Loucks, Sidney Eggert, Brazell, and Frank Willard.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: at Cornell
Michigan traveled to Ithaca, New York, for the team's only road game against Cornell. The game was the 14th meeting of the teams dating back to 1889. Michigan had won only three of the prior 13 meetings.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: at Cornell
Michigan lost the 1916 game by a 23-20 score. Cornell quarterback Fritz Shiverick, who was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, dropkicked two field goals in the first quarter to give the Big Red a 6 to 0 lead. In the second quarter, Michigan's left halfback John Maulbetsch ran for a touchdown and kicked the point after touchdown to put Michigan in the lead. Also in the second quarter, fullback Cedric "Pat" Smith ran for a touchdown with Maulbetsch again converting the extra point to put Michigan ahead, 14-6 at halftime.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: at Cornell
On a trick play in the third quarter, quarterback Harold Zeiger passed back to right end Willard Peach who then threw a 40-yard touchdown pass to left end Maurice Dunne. Maulbetsch missed the extra point, and Michigan led 20-6. Later in the third quarter, Cornell fullback Mueller ran for a touchdown, and Shiverick kicked the extra point to reduce the lead to 20-13. Early in the fourth quarter, Cornell tied the score at 20-20 on a second touchdown run by Mueller and another extra point by Shiverick. Shiverick then added his third drop-kicked field goal to give Cornell the victory.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: at Cornell
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against Cornell was Maurice Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Clifford Gracey (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), Fred Rehor (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Harold Zeiger (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Raymond (right halfback), and Smith (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan included Alan Boyd (left guard).


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 9: Penn
On November 18, 1916, Michigan played its annual rivalry game against the Penn Quakers football team. The game was the 12th meeting between the teams dating back to 1899. After leaving the Big Ten Conference, Penn became Michigan's regular season-ending rivalry game. In the 11 prior meetings, Michigan had won only four times, with the two teams playing to a scoreless tie in 1915.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 9: Penn
Penn won the 1916 game by a 10–7 score. Penn scored a touchdown by Howard Berry in the first quarter and a field goal by Derr in the second quarter and led 10 to 0 at halftime. In the fourth quarter, Michigan fullback Cedric Smith scored a touchdown for Michigan, and left halfback John Maulbetsch kicked the point after touchdown. The Michigan Alumnus wrote that Penn's star halfback Berry had been permitted to end his military career on the Mexican border in order to allow him to return to the Penn football team.


1916 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 9: Penn
The game was played in 15-minute quarters. Michigan's starting lineup against Penn was Maurice Dunne (left end), Tad Wieman (left tackle), Alan Boyd (left guard), Walter Niemann (center), Rehor (right guard), Richard Weske (right tackle), Willard Peach (right end), Cliff Sparks (quarterback), Maulbetsch (left halfback), Philip Raymond (right halfback), and Smith (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Michigan were Albert Martens (right end) and Harold Zeiger (quarterback).


1916 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1916 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Republican nominee Albert Sleeper defeated Democratic nominee Edwin F. Sweet with 55.83% of the vote.


1916 Middle Tennessee State Normal football team
The 1916 Middle Tennessee State Normal football team represented the Middle Tennessee State Normal School (now known as Middle Tennessee State University) during the 1916 college football season. The team captain was Cass Miles.


1916 Mile End by-election
The Mile End by-election of 1916 was held on 25 January 1916. The by-election was held due to the succession of the incumbent Conservative and former Liberal Unionist MP, Hon. Harry Levy-Lawson to the peerage as Baron Burnham,  on the death of his father. It was won by the Conservative candidate Warwick Brookes.


1916 Mile End by-election
Noel Pemberton-Billing, who had resigned from the Royal Naval Air Service to campaign for greater use of air power in World War I, stood as an independent candidate, promising that when the defence of London was in the hands of "practical airmen" the city would be safe from air raids by zeppelins.


1916 Mile End by-election
Canvassing on behalf of Brookes began immediately. J. D. Gilbert, who had won the Newington West by-election, sent him a letter of support asking Mile End's Liberals to support Brookes,and B. S. Straus, who had been the prospective Liberal candidate in Mile End, offered to sign Brookes's nomination papers.


1916 Mile End by-election
Campaigning in support of an intensified war effort, Brookes supported the "economic strangulation" of Germany, and backed Military Service Bill which would introduce conscription. He also supported the development of air defences, and advocated an air force given the same pre-dominance then held by the Royal Navy. The writ for the by-election was issued on 17 January, and with the campaign well underway The Times newspaper commented the next day that it would be "unwise to speculate on the result". Many of Mile End's 6,000 electors were unable to vote, since they were away serving in the war.


1916 Mile End by-election
Some 2,000 of the voters were Jewish, and their support was seen as critical; many of them were shopkeepers, and The Times speculated that they might be attracted to Billings' commitment to end the blackout. Billings made his speeches from the cockpit of an aeroplane and both candidates advocated similar policies for strengthening air defences. Nominations closed on 21 January, and the First Lord of the Admiralty, Arthur Balfour, intervened to denounce the "criminality" of an implication by Billings that the air defence of the East End had been neglected because the people there were poor.


1916 Mile End by-election
Polling took place on 25 January, and Brookes was declared the winner with a majority of 376 votes (10.4%) over Billings.


1916 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1916 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1916 college football season. In their 17th year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 6–1 record (3–1 against Western Conference opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 348 to 28.


1916 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
End Bert Baston and quarterback Shorty Long were named All-Americans by the Associated Press. Baston was also named an All-American by the Walter Camp Football Foundation. Baston, guard Conrad L. Eklund tackle Frank Mayer and fullback Arnold "Pudge" Wyman were named All-Big Ten first team.


1916 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1916 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1916. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate J. A. A. Burnquist defeated Democratic Party of Minnesota challenger Thomas P. Dwyer.


1916 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1916 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1916. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Thomas Frankson defeated Minnesota Democratic Party challenger Julius Thorson, Socialist Party of Minnesota candidate Andrew Hanson, and Prohibition Party candidate L. A. Simonson.


1916 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1916 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1916 college football season.


1916 Mississippi Normal Normalites football team
The 1916 Mississippi Normal Normalites football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Normal College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their third year under head coach A. B. Dille, the team compiled an 0–3 record. Official records indicate a further five games were played by Normal, but the scores from them are unknown.


1916 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1916 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1916 college football season. The team compiled a 6–1–1 record (3–1–1 against MVC opponents), finished in second place in the conference, and was outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 112 to 21. Henry Schulte was the head coach for the third of four seasons. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1916 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1916 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916 and resulted in a narrow victory for the Democratic nominee, St. Louis businessman Frederick D. Gardner, over the Republican candidate, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri Henry Lamm, and candidates representing the Socialist, Progressive, Prohibition, and Socialist Labor parties. To date it is the closest gubernatorial election in Missouri history.


1916 Montana State Bobcats football team
The 1916 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented the Montana State College (later renamed Montana State University) during the 1916 college football season. In its third season under head coach Fred Bennion, the team compiled a 2–2–2 record and was outscored by a total of 78 to 44.


1916 Montana State Bobcats football team
In January 1916, following a student competition to select an appropriate nickname for the school's athletic teams, the nickname "Bobcats" was adopted. Students Fred Bullock and Rupert Streits were credited jointly with offering the name. The Great Falls Daily Tribune expressed approval of the choice: "Fighting, cunning, daring, resourceful and wary is the bobcat, and above all he is a resident of the Treasure state."


1916 Montana football team
The 1916 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1916 college football season. They were led by second-year head coach Jerry Nissen, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season at 4–1–1.


1916 Montana football team
The Spokesman-Review (of Spokane, Washington) referred to the team as the "Grizzlies" in its November 19 edition.


1916 Montana gubernatorial election
The 1916 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1916. Incumbent Governor of Montana Sam V. Stewart, who was first elected governor in 1912, ran for re-election. After comfortably winning the Democratic primary, he advanced to the general election, where he faced Frank J. Edwards, the former Mayor of Helena, who narrowly emerged victorious in a close Republican primary. Benefitting from then-President Woodrow Wilson's landslide victory in Montana in the presidential election that year, Stewart narrowly won re-election to his second and final term as governor.


1916 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The 1916 College Basketball All-American team, as chosen retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation. The player highlighted in gold was chosen as the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year retroactively in 1944.


1916 NCAA baseball season
The 1916 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1916. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.


1916 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners
This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1916 season.


1916 NSWRFL season
The 1916 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the ninth season of Sydney’s top-level professional rugby league competition, Australia’s first. Eight teams from across the city contested during the season which culminated in a grand final between Balmain and South Sydney.


1916 NSWRFL season, Season summary
Three teams dominated the season, Balmain, South Sydney and Glebe. With two rounds to go, each of the three teams had a genuine chance of winning the premiership with each separated by half a win. This created an interesting scenario with Balmain (20 points, first) facing South Sydney (18 points, third) and Glebe (19 points, second) facing Eastern Suburbs who were placed fourth at the time. As it turned out, Balmain lost 11–7 to Souths, leaving the competition wide open for Glebe to take the competition lead by one point.


1916 NSWRFL season, Season summary
However, Glebe ended up losing crucially to Eastern Suburbs 8–5 on the same day. With both Balmain and Souths now equal on 20 points with one game to play, it would have taken a miracle for Glebe to come back given that they were still on 19 points. All three teams won their final games, but it was equal placed Balmain and South Sydney that would play off in a premiership decider.


1916 NSWRFL season, Final
Having won all three grades in 1915 Balmain returned in 1916 to repeat the effort for a second straight season. At the conclusion of the season Balmain and Souths were equal aloft the premiership ladder with 22 points apiece. The League did not expect such a finish and a Final had to be scheduled. This Final was held at the Sydney Cricket Ground where they were to be held for many years to come.


1916 NSWRFL season, Final
The game played on July 26, 1916, in front of just six thousand people, saw the lead change three times in the first half with Balmain ahead 5–3 at the break after a try by Arthur Halloway and a penalty goal by Charles “Chook” Fraser. The second half saw the game played predominantly on Balmain's line, with South Sydney putting on repeated attacks. However, the Balmain defence never gave in and the score didn't change by game's end – a two-point margin securing Balmain's second consecutive title.


1916 NYU Violets football team
The 1916 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their only year under head coach Richard E. Eustis, the team compiled a 4–3–1 record.


1916 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1916 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1916 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jonas Ingram, the Midshipmen compiled a 6–3–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 199 to 76.


1916 Navy Midshipmen football team
The annual Army–Navy Game was played on November 25 at the Polo Grounds in New York City; Army won 15–7.


1916 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1916 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1916 college football season. The team was coached by first-year head coach E. J. Stewart and played its home games at Nebraska Field in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. Nebraska's loss to Kansas in November ended NU's 34-game unbeaten streak. Stewart, hired to replace the outgoing Ewald O. Stiehm,  also served as Nebraska's basketball coach and athletic director.


1916 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Caley, Loren ECameron, Robert RTCook, John QBCorey, Tim TDale, Ben GDobson, Paul HBDoyle, Raymond FBGardiner, Jimmy HBKositsky, Ed TMoser, Ellsworth CNorris, William TOtopalik, Hugo HBRhodes, Roscoe ERiddell, Ted ESelzer, Milton HBShaw, Edson TWilder, Harold T


1916 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Oregon Agricultural
Nebraska traveled by train through Seattle and Spokane, making frequent publicity stops on the way to Portland to face head coach E. J. Stewart's former team. The university's annual yearbook predicted this would be the last time Nebraska's football team traveled so far from home. The Cornhuskers' 17–7 win gave the program its first West-Coast victory.


1916 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
The Jayhawks held Nebraska to just a second-quarter field goal and used a series of big plays in the third to end Nebraska's 34-game unbeaten streak and 39-game home unbeaten streak. It was Nebraska's second loss in eight seasons at Nebraska Field, both to Kansas.


1916 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Notre Dame's 20–0 defeat of Nebraska was the first time NU had been shutout in five seasons. The Irish were led by assistant Knute Rockne, as head coach Jesse Harper could not attend due to an annual coach's meeting in Chicago.


1916 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1916 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916, and featured bank director and rancher Keith Neville, a Democrat, defeating Republican nominee, Douglas County District Judge Abraham L. Sutton.


1916 Nevada Sagebrushers football team
The 1916 Nevada Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada as an independent during the 1916 college football season. The Sagebrushers were led by second-year head coach Jack Glascock and played their home games at Mackay Field.


1916 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1916 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Republican nominee Henry W. Keyes defeated Democratic nominee John C. Hutchins with 53.20% of the vote.


1916 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1916 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Republican nominee Walter Evans Edge defeated Democratic nominee H. Otto Wittpenn with 55.44% of the vote.


1916 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1916 New Mexico gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916.


1916 New Mexico gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor William C. McDonald did not run for re-election but ran instead for Lieutenant Governor.


1916 New Mexico gubernatorial election
Democratic nominee Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca defeated Republican nominee Holm O. Bursum.


1916 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1916 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were announced on 1 January 1916.


1916 New Year Honours
A number of the honours were gazetted as being in recognition of the services of officers during the War. These are noted with a # below.


1916 New York City polio epidemic
The 1916 New York City polio epidemic was an epidemic of polio ultimately infecting several thousand people, and killing over two thousand, in New York City, primarily in the borough of Brooklyn. The epidemic was officially announced in June 1916, and a special field force was assembled under the authority of Dr. Simon R. Blatteis of the New York City Health Department's Bureau of Preventable Diseases, with broad authority to quarantine those infected with polio and institute hygiene measures thought to slow the transmission of the disease.


1916 New York City polio epidemic
Polio was a poorly understood disease in this era, and no polio vaccine existed at this time. Official efforts to stem its spread consisted primarily of quarantines, the closure of public places, and the use of chemical disinfectants to cleanse areas where the disease had been present. Special polio clinics were established at various locations in the city for the treatment and quarantine of patients.


1916 New York City polio epidemic
In addition, many informal remedies or preventative measures were tried by the frightened population, while public activities largely fell silent. Ultimately, the epidemic subsided in the winter months, with the cause remaining a mystery to investigators and the public.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Progress of the epidemic
On Saturday, June 17, 1916, an official announcement of the existence of an epidemic polio infection was made in Brooklyn, New York. Over the course of that year, there were over 27,000 cases and more than 6,000 deaths due to polio in the United States, with over 2,000 deaths in New York City alone.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Progress of the epidemic
According to the figures compiled by the New York City Department of Health, by June 1916 there were 114 verified cases of infantile paralysis in Brooklyn, practically all of them in the old South Brooklyn section. The outbreak appeared to be confined to infants and young children, less than 10% of the cases occurring in children over five years of age.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Progress of the epidemic
The Department of Health stated that a careful investigation had failed to substantiate the view that the schools had a share in spreading the disease, pointing out that over 90% of the children were under the typical school age; that the cases were not limited or even more prevalent in any one school district, and that they were not at all limited to children in the same classroom.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Progress of the epidemic
On June 26, 1916, the Department of Health issued a bulletin noting 37 additional cases of infantile paralysis reported to the Department of Health making a total to date of 183 cases in Brooklyn. A study of the situation indicated that the disease was spreading in a southerly direction and was invading the Parkville section, to the east of Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Progress of the epidemic
In the week preceding that report, 12 deaths were reported from anterior poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) in the Greater City, eleven occurring in Brooklyn, almost as many as occurred in the entire city during the year 1915, when 13 deaths from this disease were reported for the entire year in the Greater City. The twelfth case was reported to the Department from Staten Island. It was located in an Italian-American district, like most of the Brooklyn cases.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Progress of the epidemic
On June 28, 1916, another 23 cases were reported, bringing the total in Brooklyn to 206 cases. On July 1, 1916, 53 new cases and 12 deaths were reported in New York City, making a total of 59 deaths since the outbreak of the epidemic. Both illnesses and deaths thereafter continued to increase on a daily basis throughout the month of July, peaking in early August, by which time the total number of cases was in the tens of thousands, and the number of deaths was over one thousand. The disease then began a slow decline for much of the remainder of the year.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Responses
The 1916 epidemic caused widespread panic and thousands fled the city to nearby mountain resorts. A number of social distancing initiatives were put in place to contain the outbreak; movie theaters were closed, meetings were canceled, public gatherings were almost nonexistent, and children were warned not to drink from water fountains, and told to avoid amusement parks, swimming pools, and beaches. The names and addresses of individuals with confirmed polio cases were published daily in the press, their houses were identified with placards, and their families were quarantined.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Responses
Cities in neighboring counties and states enacted rules barring New Yorkers from entering those cities, with Hoboken, New Jersey going so far as to have police officers intercept travelers arriving from Brooklyn by ferry and escort them back to Brooklyn. Hiram M. Hiller Jr. was one of the physicians in several cities who realized what they were dealing with, but the nature of the disease remained largely a mystery. In the absence of proven treatments, a number of odd and potentially dangerous polio treatments were suggested. In John Haven Emerson's A Monograph on the Epidemic of Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis) in New York City in 1916, one suggested remedy reads:


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Responses
Give oxygen through the lower extremities, by positive electricity. Frequent baths using almond meal, or oxidising the water. Applications of poultices of Roman chamomile, slippery elm, arnica, mustard, cantharis, amygdalae dulcis oil, and of special merit, spikenard oil and Xanthoxolinum. Internally use caffeine, Fl. Kola, dry muriate of quinine, elixir of cinchone, radium water, chloride of gold, liquor calcis and wine of pepsin.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Responses
Because of the relation alleged to exist between polio and the stable fly, a survey was made to determine whether the cases were in the vicinity of stables, and the Sanitary Bureau took special pains to see that the manure in all of the stables in the affected districts was properly disposed of to prevent the breeding of flies.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Responses
In response to a call issued by Commissioner Emerson, a conference of experts was held at the Health Department on June 28, 1916, to discuss plans for the control of infantile paralysis in Brooklyn. At the conference it was decided to organize a special field force in Brooklyn under Simon R. Blatteis of the Department's Bureau of Preventable Diseases. A special staff of medical inspectors, sanitary inspectors, nurses, and sanitary police, would assist Blatteis, visiting all cases daily and see that strict quarantine was maintained, and that all the premises where a case of infantile paralysis exists were placarded.


1916 New York City polio epidemic, Responses
The Department of Health prepared a special pavilion at its Kingston Avenue Hospital for sufferers from infantile paralysis to be cared for by skilled specialists. The Department organized a special visiting staff of experts, including specialists in children's diseases, orthopedists and neurologists, to assist the regular attending staff. The Health Department insisted that a patient, in order to be allowed to remain at home, should have a separate room, separate toilet, a special person in attendance for nursing purposes, and facilities for the proper disposal of all discharges. Where these facilities could not be provided, the Health Department would hospitalize the patient at no charge. By July 8, 1916, Blatteis had established six clinics in Brooklyn specifically set up to receive polio victims.


1916 New York Giants season
The 1916 New York Giants season was the franchise's 34th season. The team finished in fourth place in the National League with an 86-66 record, 7 games behind the Brooklyn Robins. This season introduced a new uniform design.


1916 New York Giants season, Opening day games
The first game of the home season was on April 20, 1916, at the Polo Grounds. John Purroy Mitchel threw the ceremonial first pitch.


1916 New York Giants season, Regular season
The 1916 Giants set a major league record with the longest streak of consecutive games without a loss: 27 games. The Giants won 26 and tied once between September 7 to 30. Earlier in the season, the Giants had won 17 consecutive games. Despite the winning streaks, no Giants pitcher won 20 games.


1916 New York Giants season, Regular season
For the only time in franchise history, the Giants failed to score a run in a three-game series; they were shut out in all three games against St. Louis, August 20–22.


1916 New York Giants season, Regular season
Former Federal League star Benny Kauff led the team in runs batted in and stolen bases.


1916 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1916 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1916 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1916 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1916 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1916 New York Yankees season
The 1916 New York Yankees season was the 14th season for the Yankees in New York, and the 16th overall for the franchise. The team finished with a record of 80–74, finishing 11 games behind the American League champion Boston Red Sox. New York was managed by Bill Donovan. Their home games were played at the Polo Grounds.


1916 New York Yankees season, Opening game
The game was on April 20, 1916, at Griffith Stadium against the Washington Senators. President Woodrow Wilson threw out the ceremonial first pitch. The Senators, behind Walter Johnson, defeated New York, 12-4.


1916 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1916 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1916 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1916 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1916 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1916 New York state election
The 1916 New York state election was held on November 7, 1916, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer, the state engineer, a U.S. Senator, the chief judge and an associate judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1916 New York state election, Result
The incumbents Whitman, Schoeneck, Hugo, Travis, Woodbury, Wells and Williams were re-elected.


1916 New York state election, Result
The Republican, Democratic, Socialist and Prohibition parties maintained automatic ballot access (necessary 10,000 votes); the Independence League, Progressive and American parties lost it; and the Socialist Labor Party did not re-attain it.


1916 New York state election, Result
36 Republicans and 15 Democrats were elected to the New York State Senate, to sit in the 140th and 141st New York State Legislatures (1917–1918).


1916 New York state election, Result
99 Republicans, 49 Democrats and 2 Socialists were elected to the New York State Assembly, to sit in the 140th New York State Legislature (1917).


1916 New Zealand census
The 1916 New Zealand census was the sixteenth national population census. The day used for the census was Sunday, 15 October 1916. The census of the Dominion of New Zealand revealed a total population of 1,149,225 - an overall increase of 90,981 or 8.59% over the 1911 census figure.


1916 New Zealand census, Enumeration
In 1916 a new departure was made in connection with the enumeration of Māori. The Māori census counted 49,776 (excludes Māori counted in the European census) for a total of 52,997, fewer than 1,900 reside in the South Island. It was decided to enumerate the (South Island) Māori with the enumeration of the European population, the same schedules being used and the work done by the same Enumerators and Sub-Enumerators as for the European population. The North Island Māori census, however, was also taken in October.


1916 New Zealand census, Enumeration, Cost
The census of 1916 witnessed an important innovation in respect of the mode of distribution and collection of the census schedules, resulting in a considerable saving of expense. This was the substitution of the machinery of the Post Office for the old system of special Enumerators.


1916 New Zealand census, Enumeration, Cost
Not only was the work performed more economically (the cost of collection was approximately £20,600 in 1911 and £17,500 in 1916), but the schedules were in much better condition than at any previous census, the proportion of incomplete entries being infinitesimal, and the necessity for queries being reduced to practically nil. A point in connection with the 1916 census was the increase in the number of Enumerators' districts—ninety-five, as compared with fifty-nine in 1911—and it is probable that the consequential reduction in the average size of the districts made for increased efficiency.


1916 New Zealand census, Summary
The results of the census covered these topics: (Separate Volumes) (published 1920)


1916 New Zealand census, Summary
Appendix A Maori CensusAppendix B Population of Cook and Other Annexed Pacific Islands*Appendix C Religious Denominations (Places of Worship etc.) and LibrariesAppendix D Census of Industrial Manufacture*Appendix E Poultry and Bees


1916 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings
The principal natural divisions in New Zealand are the North, South, and Stewart Islands. These contain nearly the whole population of European descent, the Cook and other annexed islands being inhabited almost solely by Natives. The populations of the various provincial districts are as follows:


1916 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings, Distribution
a European, (Māori living as Europeans) and others. (excluding Māori and residents of Cook and other Pacific islands). b Includes 3,529 half-castes living as Māoris.


1916 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings, Distribution
Notes: † Includes 112 soldiers in camp in New Zealand.


1916 New Zealand census, Birthplace
Question 8 on the census form asked the question: (a.) Country where born... (not county, town or subdivision.) If born outside the British Empire or if born at sea, add "P." if a British subject by parentage, add "N". if a British subject by nationalization. The figures show that of the total population of specified birthplace (1,097,841), 1,077,808, or 98.17 per cent., were born on British soil, 1.70 per cent, on foreign soil, and 0.13 per cent, at sea. For the overseas-born census usually resident population:


1916 New Zealand census, Race
The census form asked the question (a.) Country where born... (b.) Race.)


1916 New Zealand census, Race, Religion
Members of Christian denominations formed 95.71 per cent. of those who made answer to the inquiry at the last census; non-Christian sects were 0.44 per cent. ; and those who described themselves as of no religion 0.39 per cent. ; whilst "indefinite" religions constituted 1.12 per cent.


1916 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1916 New Zealand rugby league season was the ninth season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.


1916 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup
Auckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.


1916 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
City won the Auckland Rugby League's competition and the Roope Rooster.


1916 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Ponsonby United captain Scotty McClymount won the title of favourite player in a public charity vote  held to raise funds for the War effort. City's Albert Asher was second and Grafton's Karl Ifwersen finished third.


1916 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions
The Wellington Rugby League's competition was suspended from 1916 until 1918. The Canterbury Rugby League's competition was suspended for the 1916 season.


1916 Newington West by-election
The Newington West by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held in England in January 1916 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the House of Commons constituency of Newington West in South London.


1916 Newington West by-election
It was the first by-election in London since the start of World War I in August 1914 where more than one candidate was nominated.


1916 Newington West by-election, Vacancy
The vacancy arose when it was announced in the 1916 New Year Honours that Cecil Norton, 1st Baron Rathcreedan, the Liberal MP for Newington West since 1892, was to be elevated to the peerage and thus have a seat in the House of Lords. The title was not formally conferred until 28 January, when Norton became Baron Rathcreedan, but the Commons passed the order for the writ on 4 January.


1916 Newington West by-election, Candidates
Norton had already indicated his intention to stand down from the Commons at the next general election, and the City of London merchant J. D. Gilbert had already been selected as the Liberal prospective parliamentary candidate. Warwick Brookes, who had contested the seat for the Conservatives at the January and December 1910 elections, had also been selected as his party's prospective candidate. In ordinary circumstances this would have led to a by-election contested both by Gilbert and by Brookes, who had been adopted as the prospective Conservative candidate, but the war had brought a different logic. The parties in the coalition government led by H. H. Asquith had agreed an electoral pact for the duration of the war: when a vacancy arose in a seat held by the Conservatives, the Liberals would not contest the resulting by-election, and vice versa.


1916 Newington West by-election, Candidates
It soon became clear that some sort of contest was likely. The Unionist Labour Party invited Lambeth Borough Councillor W. A. Perkins to contest the seat on its behalf, and the London Trades Union Protest Committee selected Joe Terrett to stand on a platform of opposition to the recently introduced drink orders introduced on liquor traffic by the Central Control Board. Terrett promptly began his campaign with literature carrying slogans such as "Smash the control board. No more government by secretly-appointed non-representative bodies".


1916 Newington West by-election, Candidates
At this point Brookes was still considering whether to stand, so Terrett offered to step down if Brookes would agree to stand and oppose the drink orders. Meanwhile, the Executive of the Liberal Association in Portsmouth made a counter-offer: if Brookes stepped aside, it would agree not to contest the Portsmouth by-election which had been triggered by the ennoblement of the Conservative MP Lord Charles Beresford.


1916 Newington West by-election, Candidates
Brookes did step aside, in the interests of preserving the truce between the parties. Nominations closed on Friday 7 January, and only two candidates were nominated: Gilbert and Terrett.


1916 Nicaraguan general election
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 6 October 1916 to elect a President, half of the Deputies and one-third of the Senators of National Congress of Nicaragua.


1916 Nicaraguan general election
Although the United States offered to assist President Adolfo Díaz to hold free elections in 1916, this offer was rejected. A verbal promise was obtained from President Adolfo Díaz, however, that the elections would be free. On 15 January 1916 the Secretary of State, Robert Lansing, had told the Conservative candidate Emiliano Chamorro Vargas that 'the United States would view his candidacy with great pleasure'.


1916 Nicaraguan general election
The liberals boycotted the 1916 election, and conservative Emiliano Chamorro Vargas was elected with no opposition.


1916 North Ayrshire by-election
The North Ayrshire by-election of 1916 was held on 11 October 1916. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Duncan Campbell, who died from wounds sustained in the First World War. It was won by the Conservative candidate Aylmer Hunter-Weston.


1916 North Ayrshire by-election
*Chalmers was supported by the Union of Democratic Control and contested the 1918 general election as a Labour Party candidate.


1916 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team
The 1916 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1916 college football season. In Britain Patterson's first season with the Aggies, the team suffered blowout losses to Davidson, VPI, Navy, and Washington and Lee. North Carolina A&M was also whipped, 61–5, by Georgetown in the worst defeat in school history up to that point. The Aggies were outscored 191 to 24 against their seven opponents. They finished last in the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA), losing to all four of their conference opponents by a total point margin of 128 to 5.


1916 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1916 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1916 college football season. The team captain of the 1916 season was George Tandy.


1916 North Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1916 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Democratic nominee Thomas Walter Bickett defeated Republican nominee Frank A. Linney with 58.15% of the vote. At the time, Bickett was the state's Attorney General, while Linney was an attorney and chairman of the North Carolina Republican Party.


1916 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1916 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their second year under head coach Paul J. Davis, the team compiled a 3–2–1 record.


1916 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1916 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Republican nominee Lynn Frazier defeated Democratic nominee D. H. McArthur with 79.24% of the vote.


1916 North Fermanagh by-election
The North Fermanagh by-election of 1916 was held on 27 October 1916. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Irish Unionist MP, Godfrey Fetherstonhaugh. It was won by the Irish Unionist candidate Edward Archdale who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.


1916 North Louth by-election
The North Louth by-election of 1916 was held on 24 February 1916. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Augustine Roche. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Patrick Whitty.


1916 North Louth by-election
Whitty received some Unionist support, while Hamill received separatist support. Whitty was aged just 21, becoming the youngest MP at the time. He was the nephew of Richard Hazleton, elected MP for the seat in December 1910 but subsequently unseated on petition (although Hazleton continued to sit for North Galway where he had been elected at the same election). Whitty was imposed on the constituency of North Louth by the Party leadership in what was widely ridiculed as an act of nepotism. D.P. Moran's paper the Leader referred to him as "Whitty the Kid" and published a cartoon in which his victory procession included a pram labelled "The Next Candidate".


1916 North West Staffordshire by-election
The North West Staffordshire by-election of 1916 was held on 17 January 1916. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Albert Stanley. It was won by the Labour candidate Samuel Finney who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.


1916 Northern Illinois State Normal football team
The 1916 Northern Illinois State Normal football team represented Northern Illinois State Normal College as an independent in the 1916 college football season. They were led by seventh-year head coach William Wirtz and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The team finished the season with a 6–1–1 record. Paul Harrison was the team's captain.


1916 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1916 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1916 college football season. In its third season under head coach Fred J. Murphy, the team compiled a 6–1 record and finished in second place in the Western Conference. The team's sole loss was to conference champion Ohio State.


1916 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1916 Norwegian Football Cup was the 15th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for 1916 local association leagues (kretsserier) champions. Frigg won their second title, having beaten Ørn in the final.


1916 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1916 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1916 college football season, led by fourth-year head coach Jesse Harper. The Irish won all but one of their nine games, falling at Army 10–30; the season concluded on Thanksgiving with a 20–0 shutout at Nebraska. George Gipp made a 62-yard field goal against Western Reserve.


1916 Nova Scotia general election
The 1916 Nova Scotia general election was held on 20 June 1916 to elect members of the 36th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.


1916 Nova Scotia general election, Further reading
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1916 Nova Scotia general election, Further reading
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1916 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1916 Ohio State Buckeyes football represented Ohio State University in the 1916 college football season. Led by three-time All-American Chic Harley, the 1916 team was first in school history to win the Western Conference championship. The Buckeyes defeated Oberlin, 128–0, the most points scored in a game in Ohio State football history. Ohio State outscored opponents 258–29.


1916 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1916 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Democratic nominee James M. Cox defeated incumbent Republican Frank B. Willis in a rematch of the 1914 election with 48.40% of the vote.


1916 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team
The 1916 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1916 college football season. This was the 16th year of football at A&M and the second under John G. Griffith. The Aggies played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 4–4, 0–3 in the Southwest Conference.


1916 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1916 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1916 college football season. In their 12th year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled a 6–5 record (2–1 against conference opponents), and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 472 to 115.


1916 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1916 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1916 college football season.


1916 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1916 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1916 college football season. In their first season under head coach Joseph Pipal, the Aggies compiled a 4–5 record (0–2 against PCC opponents), finished in third place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 112 to 92. The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon. Brewer Billie was the team captain.


1916 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1916 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the 1916 college football season. It was the Webfoots' 24th overall and first season as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). The team was led by head coach Hugo Bezdek, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Kincaid Field in Eugene and at Multnomah Field in Portland.


1916 Oregon Webfoots football team
Oregon finished the season with a record of seven wins, zero losses and one tie (7–0–1 overall, 2–0–1 in the PCC) and with a victory over Penn in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day.


1916 Oregon Webfoots football team, Game summaries, Willamette
In their first game of the season the Webfoots defeated the Willamette Methodists by a massive margin of 97–0.


1916 Oregon Webfoots football team, Game summaries, Multnomah Athletic Club
In their second game of the season the Webfoots defeated the Multnomah Athletic Club 28–0, recording their second shutout in as many games.


1916 Oregon Webfoots football team, Game summaries, California
In their first conference game of the season the Webfoots defeated the California Golden Bears 39–14, allowing their only two touchdowns of the season during the game.


1916 Oregon Webfoots football team, Game summaries, Washington
In their first home conference game of the season the Webfoots tied with the Washington Huskies while playing in a heavy downpour that muddied the field.


1916 Ossory by-election
The Ossory by-election of 1916 was held on 28 April 1916. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, William Delany. It was won by the Irish Parliamentary candidate John Lalor Fitzpatrick.


1916 PGA Championship
The 1916 PGA Championship was the first PGA Championship, which is now considered one of golf's major championships. It was held October 10–14 at Siwanoy Country Club in Bronxville, New York, just north of New York City in Westchester County.


1916 PGA Championship
Jim Barnes defeated Jock Hutchison by 1 hole in the 36-hole final, holing a 4-foot putt at the final hole.


1916 PGA Championship, Format
The format of the event closely followed that of the News of the World Match Play tournament which had been organized by the British PGA since 1903, although it had not been played since 1913 because of World War I. The main difference was that the tournament was played over 5 days with all matches contested over 36 holes, whereas matches in the News of the World Match Play were over 18 holes except for the final, the event being completed in 3 days.


1916 PGA Championship, Format
The field of 32 golfers qualified through sectional tournaments. They competed in 36-hole match play rounds from October 10 to 14 in a single-elimination tournament, the draw being made on October 6. Extra holes were played in the event of a tied match.


1916 PGA Championship, Qualification
Entry was restricted to members of the PGA of America. Qualification was by a series of 36-hole stroke-play competitions; one for each of the seven PGA sections. The number of qualifiers in each event was proportional to the number of members of that section. The Metropolitan section had 12 qualifiers, the Middle West section 7, the Southeast section 5, the New England section 3, the Central section 2, the North and Southwest section 2, and the Pacific section 1. In the event of a tie for places there was a playoff.


1916 PGA Championship, Qualification
Following the completion of qualifying one of the two qualifiers from the North and Southwest section withdrew. An extra place was allocated to the Metropolitan section. A playoff was arranged on October 4 at Englewood Golf Club between Jack Dowling, Clarence Hackney and Macdonald Smith who had tied for 13th place in the qualifying event on September 29. Smith arrived too late to play and Dowling beat Hackney by a score of 147 to 165 over 36 holes.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, First round
Two of the 32 qualifiers did not attend: Fred Clarkson from Kansas City and Mike Shearman from Sioux City. Their opponents received a bye to the second round. One of the surprises was the 6&5 victory of George McLean over Tom McNamara, runner-up in the 1915 U.S. Open. Wilfrid Reid lost by 1 hole to J. J. O'Brien, the only match that went to the final hole.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Second round
The biggest surprise of the round was the defeat of Mike Brady by Willie Macfarlane. Macfarlane led by one hole after the first round but the match was level after 27 holes. Brady took the lead at the 10th hole but Macfarlane then had five threes in the next six holes and won the match 3&2.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Second round
In the lower half of the draw, Bob MacDonald led Walter Hagen by two holes after the morning round but Hagen played better in the afternoon and won 3&2. Jock Hutchison had a comfortable 11&9 win against William Brown.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-final
Jim Barnes beat Tom Kerrigan, the local professional, 3&1. The match was level at lunchtime but Barnes then won the 2nd and 5th and was 2 up after 9 holes in the afternoon. Kerrigan won the 11th but Barnes won the next to lead by 2 again. Barnes won the match with a birdie 3 at the 17th hole. Willie Macfarlane beat Jack Dowling 2&1. Macfarlane led by 3 holes in the morning but Dowling had levelled the match by the 10th hole of the afternoon round. Macfarlane won the 13th with a birdie 2 and the 16th with a 3, winning the match by halving the 17th.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-final
Walter Hagen beat J. J. O'Brien 10&9. Hagen took an early 2 hole lead but O'Brien levelled the match at the 7th. Hagen then won 9 of the next 11 holes to be 9 up after the morning round. In the last match Jock Hutchison beat Cyril Walker 4&3. Hutchison was 2 up after the first round and was dormie 5 after 13 holes of the afternoon. Walker won the 14th but a half at the 15th gave the match of Hutchison.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Semi-final
The semi-finals saw the defeat of the last two remaining qualifiers from the Metropolitican section, Willie Macfarlane and Walter Hagen.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Semi-final
Jim Barnes met Willie Macfarlane in the first semi-final. Barnes took an early lead and was 3 up after 5 holes. Macfarlane won the next two holes but Barnes extended the lead to 4 holes at the end of the morning round. Barnes then won the first two holes in the afternoon, to lead by 6 holes and he eventually won the match 6&5.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Semi-final
Jock Hutchison and Walter Hagen met in the other semi-final. Hutchison took an early lead, being two up after 9 holes. Hagen won the 10th, 11th and 13th and led by one hole after the first round. Hagen was still one up after 11 holes in the afternoon but played poorly at the 12th and 13th, Hutchison taking the lead in the match. Hagen made a birdie 3 at the 14th hole to level the match but lost the 16th after a bogey 5. At the 17th Hagen had a putt to level the match but missed it. Needing to win the final hole Hagen put his second shot into a ditch and later conceded the hole.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Final
In the Saturday final, Jim Barnes defeated Jock Hutchison by 1 hole to be the first holder of the Wanamaker trophy. He also won $500 and a diamond studded gold medal. Barnes and Hutchison had both qualified through the Southeast section where they had tied for the leading score. On that occasion Hutchison had beaten Barnes in a 9-hole playoff to decide the winner. Barnes was the professional at Whitemarsh Valley Country Club, north of Philadelphia while Hutchison represented Allegheny Country Club, northwest of Pittsburgh.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Final
Hutchison made a good start to the final, being 4 up after 8 holes. He had won the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 8th holes and taken just 31 strokes for the first eight holes. Hutchison then went over the green at the 9th, losing to a par 4. Barnes also won the 13th and 15th and was only 1 hole down after the morning round.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Final
In the afternoon Barnes levelled the match with a par 3 at the 3rd hole and took the lead for the first time with a birdie 3 at the 7th hole. The 9th hole was halved with both players making birdie 3s but Barnes went two up with another birdie at the 10th hole. Hutchison won the 11th hole after Barnes missed a short putt, his first winning hole since the 8th of the morning round.


1916 PGA Championship, Tournament summary, Final
Hutchison then won the 13th hole with a par 3 to level the match and went ahead again at the 15th after another bogey from Barnes. The 16th was halved but Hutchison found a bunker at the 17th, made a bogey 5, and the match was all square. Both players struggled on the par-5 18th and each was about four feet from the hole after four strokes. A measurement was needed to determine who putted first and Barnes was an inch closer. Hutchison missed his putt but Barnes holed his, to win the match.


1916 PGA Championship, Prize money
The winner received $500 and a diamond medal, the runner-up $250 and a gold medal, the losing semi-finalists $125 and a silver medal, while the losing quarter-finalists received $75, second round losers $60 and first round losers $50, making a total prize fund of $2,580.


1916 Pahiatua by-election
The Pahiatua by-election of 1916 was a by-election held in the Pahiatua electorate during the 19th New Zealand Parliament, on 17 August 1916. It was caused by the death of incumbent MP James Escott of the Reform Party on 28 July, and was won by Harold Smith with a majority of 420.


1916 Panamanian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Panama on 25 June 1916.


1916 Panamanian presidential election
The battle lines were drawn almost a year in advance, with Ramón Maximiliano Valdés running as Belisario Porras Barahona’s handpicked successor against the Liberal dissident Rodolfo Chiari Robles.


1916 Panamanian presidential election
The factions of the Liberal and Conservative parties which supported Rodolfo Chiari, the opposition candidate for president, pleaded for more United States supervisors to prevent the President from fixing the results. The Woodrow Wilson administration cooperated with Belisario Porras Barahona and his party easily won.


1916 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1916 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 7 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.


1916 Parramatta state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 12 February 1916 following the death of sitting Nationalist Party member, Tom Moxham.


1916 Penn Quakers football team
The 1916 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Folwell, the Quakers compiled a 7–3–1 record, lost to Oregon in the 1917 Rose Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 120 to 57.


1916 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1916 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1916 college football season. The team was coached by Dick Harlow and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1916 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team
The 1916 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team represented Pennsylvania State University during 1916. It was the program's 6th season fielding a men's varsity soccer team.


1916 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team, Background
The 1916 season was the Nittany Lions' 6th season as a varsity soccer program. The Penn State soccer program and was coached by Jim Crowell. This was Jim Crowell's first season as head coach of the Nittany Lions.


1916 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team, Squad, Roster
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1916 Pensacola hurricane
The 1916 Pensacola hurricane was a tropical cyclone that swept across the western Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico in October 1916. It was the last hurricane of the 1916 Atlantic hurricane season, forming as a tropical depression near Jamaica on October 9 and moved slowly southwest and west, taking an unusual track for storms in October. Intensification was initially slow, but proceeded in earnest after October 11 as the depression strengthened into a tropical storm and then a hurricane.


1916 Pensacola hurricane
It passed over the Swan Islands before moving ashore the Yucatán Peninsula on October 15 near the border between the British Honduras and Mexico. Plantains and coconuts in the British Honduras sustained harsh losses. Twenty people were killed following the loss of a ship in the western Caribbean. The tropical cyclone weakened as it moved across the peninsula and curved north into the Gulf of Mexico on October 16.


1916 Pensacola hurricane
The hurricane restrengthened as it accelerated towards the U.S. Gulf Coast, reaching a peak with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) shortly before making landfall near Pensacola, Florida, on the morning of October 18. Records for extreme wind velocities were set in Pensacola and in Mobile, Alabama, where gusts above 120 mph (190 km/h) were recorded. Two people were killed in Alabama. However, the storm's quick movement into the coast reduced the associated storm surge and rainfall, lessening the damage wrought by the hurricane. Total property damage in the Pensacola area amounted to approximately $100,000.


1916 Pensacola hurricane
In Louisiana, the storm's rainfall was beneficial for crops struggling from a concurrent drought. After moving inland, the storm weakened and merged with another area of low pressure near the Great Lakes on October 19. The resulting storm produced gusty winds over much of the Eastern United States and was blamed for the loss of 49 lives on Lake Erie in what became known as Black Friday.


1916 Pensacola hurricane, Meteorological history
In the wake of an earlier hurricane over the Virgin Islands, lowered air pressures prevailed over the Caribbean Sea in mid-October. The 1916 Pensacola hurricane arose from this broad area of low pressure, though its initial developments were not well-observed; a summary of the storm in the October 1916 issue of the Monthly Weather Review described its origins as "uncertain". The Jamaican Weather Service noted that it was difficult to differentiate the barometric influence of the developing tropical cyclone from the Virgin Islands hurricane.


1916 Pensacola hurricane, Meteorological history
A reanalysis of the hurricane, conducted by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory in 2008, determined that it began as a tropical depression east of Jamaica on October 9. The depression moved slowly southwest for the next two days without much fluctuation in its strength. At the time, the Weather Bureau first noted the storm's cyclonic nature on October 11, but nonetheless the available observations suggested the cyclone was of meager intensity south of Jamaica. The storm then turned west and quickly strengthened, becoming a tropical storm on October 12 and a hurricane the following day.


1916 Pensacola hurricane, Meteorological history
On October 14, its maximum sustained winds topped out at 110 mph (175 km/h) based on nearby observations taken on the Swan Islands. The hurricane maintained these winds for the remainder of its trek in the western Caribbean, eventually making landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula just north of the British Honduras–Mexico border on October 15. The hurricane weakened as it traversed the Yucatán Peninsula and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm by 12:00 UTC on October 16. Up until that point, the storm's sustained westward trek in tropical latitudes was unprecedented for an October hurricane.