1916 United States presidential election in Arizona
Arizona was won by Democratic incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, running with incumbent Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, with 57.17% of the popular vote, against Republican Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Charles Evans Hughes, running with former Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks under Theodore Roosevelt's second term, with 35.37% of the popular vote. Socialist nominee Allan L. Benson ran with George Ross Kirkpatrick, finishing in a distant third place with just 5.47%, a significant decrease from 13.33% in 1912.


1916 United States presidential election in Arizona
Despite Republican hopes of unifying the party after a catastrophic split four years prior, Democrat Woodrow Wilson was still able to win a solid majority (57.17%) improving on his 43.5% vote in 1912. Many Arizonans who voted for left wing Socialist candidate Eugene V. Debs in their first presidential election sided with progressive Democratic President Wilson for re-election over Republican nominee Charles E. Hughes who ran as a moderate in hopes of unifying the progressive wing that had earlier split from the party by former President Theodore Roosevelt and the conservative faction led by former President William Howard Taft.


1916 United States presidential election in Arizona
Woodrow Wilson won every county in Arizona except for Pima County which voted for him by one of the smallest percentages in 1912.


1916 United States presidential election in Arkansas
The 1916 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Arkansas, Background
Except for the Unionist Ozark counties of Newton and Searcy where Republicans controlled local government, Arkansas since the end of Reconstruction had been a classic one-party Democratic “Solid South” state. Disfranchisement during the 1890s of effectively all Negroes and most poor whites had meant that outside those two aberrant counties, the Republican Party was completely moribund and Democratic primaries the only competitive elections. Although the northwest of the state was to develop a strong Socialist Party movement that served as a swing vote in county elections, political repression and internal party divisions diminished that party's strength substantially.


1916 United States presidential election in Arkansas, Background
The Democratic Party, under the influence of future federal Senate Minority and Majority Leader Joseph Taylor Robinson and demagogic Governor and Senator Jeff Davis, was to make many familiar progressive changes in railroad regulation and child labor, but under the administration of George W. Donaghey – who saw his administration and Democratic primary candidacy as a fight against the “Davis Machine” – more rapid development occurred, especially in abolishing convict leasing and improving bank regulation.


1916 United States presidential election in Arkansas, Vote
Arkansas voted powerfully for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, over the Republican nominee, Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes. Wilson, aided by his support for Prohibition and opposition to involvement in World War I, was able to surpass William Jennings Bryan’s performance in any of his three elections.


1916 United States presidential election in California
The 1916 United States presidential election in California took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in California
California narrowly voted for the Democratic incumbent, Woodrow Wilson, over the Republican nominee, Associate Justice Charles Evans Hughes.


1916 United States presidential election in California
Although very close, this was not as close as the previous election or the equally critical 1892 election in the Golden State, and was only the third-closest state in a thrilling election behind New Hampshire and Minnesota. Following on from breaking half-a-dozen county droughts in 1912, Wilson became the first Democrat to carry Santa Barbara County and Plumas County since Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, and the first to carry the counties of Santa Cruz and Placer since James Buchanan in 1856. Had Hughes won California, he would have won the election despite losing the popular vote.


1916 United States presidential election in California
This is the last election in which a Republican candidate carried Los Angeles County but failed to carry the state of California. This is also the most recent election when California would decide the overall winner of a presidential election, despite routinely having among the highest, or highest number of electoral votes after the next reapportionment following the 1930 Census. Had Hughes carried the state, he would have been elected with 267 electoral votes to Wilson's 264.


1916 United States presidential election in Colorado
The 1916 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary forty-eight states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose six electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Colorado
Although Colorado was following statehood Republican-leaning, Populist support in silver-mining regions, was overwhelmingly transferred to William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and maintained in the following four elections, when the Republicans won only in the 1904 landslide of Theodore Roosevelt, and even then Colorado was the only western state where more than a couple of counties retained their Bryanite Democratic loyalties with Alton Parker as the nominee.


1916 United States presidential election in Colorado
Moreover, in contrast to the East where supporters of Theodore Roosevelt's "Bull Moose" Party from the 1912 election rapidly returned to the Republicans, in the Mountain States many if not most of these supporters turned to the Democratic Party not only in presidential elections, but also in state and federal legislative ones.


1916 United States presidential election in Colorado
Another factor helping Wilson was a powerful "peace vote" in the Western states due to opposition to participation in World War I, and a third was that a considerable part of the substantial vote for Eugene Debs from the previous election was turned over to Woodrow Wilson owing to such Progressive reforms as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments.


1916 United States presidential election in Colorado
These factors combined to give Wilson a powerful victory over Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes. Wilson won by 25.99 percentage points and carried every county except Sedgwick, the furthest northeast, which had also been one of two counties to back Roosevelt four years earlier. This is the second-best Democratic margin in Colorado presidential election history behind Bryan’s five-to-one win in the “free silver” 1896 election, although Lyndon B. Johnson would exceed Wilson’s vote share in 1964.


1916 United States presidential election in Connecticut
The 1916 United States presidential election in Connecticut  took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Connecticut
Connecticut was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. They defeated Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1916 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 7, 1916. All 48 contemporary states participated in the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Delaware
Republican nominee and Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes carried Delaware with 50.20% of the vote, defeating Democratic nominee and incumbent president Woodrow Wilson, who won 47.78% of the vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Florida
The 1916 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose six electors to the Electoral College, which selected the President and Vice President.


1916 United States presidential election in Florida
Despite a rare four-way contest, the state was won handily by the incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson. He garnered 69.34% of the vote, winning against the Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes by a margin of 51.24%. He also won against Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson and Prohibition candidate Frank Hanly.


1916 United States presidential election in Georgia
The 1916 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background
With the exception of a handful of historically Unionist North Georgia counties – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns – Georgia since the 1880s had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. Disfranchisement of almost all African-Americans and most poor whites had made the Republican Party virtually nonexistent outside of local governments in those few hill counties, and the national Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction. The only competitive elections were Democratic primaries, which state laws restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club.


1916 United States presidential election in Georgia, Vote
The Wilson/Marshall ticket easily carried the state of Georgia on election day.


1916 United States presidential election in Idaho
The 1916 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated. State voters chose four electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
At state level, Idaho had begun in 1902 to be very much a one-party Republican state, which it has largely remained since apart from the New Deal era of the 1930s and 1940s. For a time there was also a perception that the William Jennings Bryan-led Democratic Party had failed as a “party of reform”.


1916 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson had carried Idaho by 1.06 points with less than one third of the total vote due to severe divisions within the GOP between conservative incumbent William Howard Taft and Progressive former President Theodore Roosevelt. In contrast to the East where supporters of Theodore Roosevelt's "Bull Moose" Party rapidly returned to the Republicans, in the Mountain States many if not most of these supporters turned to the Democratic Party not only in presidential elections, but also in state and federal legislative ones.


1916 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
Another factor helping Wilson was a powerful "peace vote" in the Western states due to opposition to participation in World War I, and a third was that a considerable part of the substantial vote for Eugene Debs from the previous election was turned over to Wilson owing to such Progressive reforms as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments.


1916 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
The consequence of these trends was that Idaho would vote strongly for Wilson over Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes, who was viewed as an easterner who epitomized the oligarchic interests so suspect in the Mountain States. Wilson gained almost twenty percent upon his 1912 performance, and carried all but five counties.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1916 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose 29 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois
Illinois was won by the Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes with 52.56% of the popular vote. Hughes was the first presidential candidate to garner over a million votes in a single state, due to Illinois having allowed women to cast votes for electors, though not yet for  other offices.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois
With 52.56% of the vote, Illinois would prove to be Hughes' fifth strongest state in terms of popular votes percentage after Vermont, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Iowa.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information
The general election coincided with the general election for House as well as those for state offices.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout
The total vote in the state-run primary elections (Democratic, Republican, Progressive, Socialist) was 311,486.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries
Both major parties (Democratic and Republican), as well as the Progressive Party and Socialist Party, all held non-binding state-run preferential primaries on April 11.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic
The 1916 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on April 11, 1916 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 1916 presidential election.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic
The popular vote was a non-binding "beauty contest". Delegates were instead elected by direct votes by congressional district on delegate candidates. Delegate candidates either were listed on the ballot with their preference on for a particular presidential candidate, or were listed as expressing no preference.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican
The 1916 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on April 11, 1916 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 1916 presidential election.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican
The preference vote was a "beauty contest". Delegates were instead selected by direct-vote in each congressional districts on delegate candidates. Delegate candidates either were listed on the ballot with their preference on for a particular presidential candidate, or were listed as expressing no preference.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Progressive
The 1916 Illinois Progressive presidential primary was held on April 11, 1916 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Progressive Party's state primaries ahead of the 1916 presidential election.


1916 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Socialist
The 1916 Illinois Socialist presidential primary was held on April 11, 1916 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Socialist Party's state primaries ahead of the 1916 presidential election.


1916 United States presidential election in Indiana
The 1916 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Indiana
Indiana was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in Indiana
Hughes won the state by a narrow margin of 0.97%.


1916 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1916 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Iowa
Iowa was won by Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. They defeated Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in Iowa
With 54.25% of the vote, Iowa would prove to be Hughes' fourth strongest state in terms of popular votes percentage after Vermont, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.


1916 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1916 United States presidential election in Kansas was held on November 7, 1916. Kansas voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Kansas
Kansas voted for the Democratic nominee, President Woodrow Wilson, over the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice and former New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes. Wilson won Kansas by a margin of 5.86 percentage points.


1916 United States presidential election in Kansas
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Osborne County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, and was the last time until 2020 that Johnson County did so. It is also the last time Kansas has voted more Democratic than the nation at-large, as well as the only time until 2020 that Kansas voted more Democratic than neighbouring Missouri.


1916 United States presidential election in Kentucky
The 1916 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose thirteen representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
Ever since the Civil War, Kentucky had been shaped politically by divisions created by that war between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones, although the state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout this era and the GOP had carried the state only once – by a very marrow margin in 1896 when northern parts of the state were affected by hostility towards William Jennings Bryan, and state native John M. Palmer drew votes from the Democrats.


1916 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
Unlike the former Confederate states, Kentucky was not able to disfranchise its relatively small black population in the 1900s, and this helped the Republicans carry the governorship in 1907 and narrowly fail to do so in 1915. Reunited after the 1912 debacle between Taft and Roosevelt, the GOP under Charles Evans Hughes visited the state in September and thought it could win a substantial plurality.


1916 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
Wilson also visited Kentucky in September, thought for a large part of the fall the Republicans continued to believe they possessed a chance of carrying Kentucky’s thirteen electoral votes, after another campaign tour with Theodore Roosevelt. However, by the second week of October polls were suggesting that Wilson would comfortably carry the Bluegrass State, and by the end of the months Wilson had five-eighths of the vote over Hughes, which would have been the best Democratic performance in the state between 1872 and 1960 if maintained.


1916 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
Ultimately Wilson carried the state by 5.41 percent, an improvement of around three points on the narrow victories of Alton B. Parker and William Jennings Bryan in Kentucky’s previous three two-party contests, although much less than the last polls.


1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana
The 1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana, Background and vote
Ever since the passage of a new constitution in 1898, Louisiana had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party became moribund due to the disenfranchisement of blacks and the complete absence of other support bases as the Pelican State completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. Despite this absolute single-party dominance, non-partisan tendencies remained strong among wealthy sugar planters in Acadiana and within the business elite of New Orleans.


1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana, Background and vote
Following disfranchisement, the state’s politics became dominated by the Choctaw Club of Louisiana, generally called the “Old Regulars”. This political machine was based in New Orleans and united with Black Belt cotton planters. Opposition began to emerge with the Progressive movement in the 1910s, chiefly in the southern sugar-growing parishes, where conflicts with President Wilson’s Underwoood-Simmons Act even allowed a Progressive Party member in Whitmell P. Martin to be elected to the Third Congressional District in 1914.


1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana, Background and vote
Whereas Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party disintegrated after the 1914 elections in most states of the United States, in Louisiana it had a brief revival during the following election cycle as John M. Parker, a long-time business progressive and wealthy landowner ran for Governor against Democratic primary winner Ruffin G. Pleasant in April 1916, and at the same time sixteen Progressives were elected to the state legislature, the first time any non-Democrat had been so elected since before the 1898 Constitution. Despite carrying sixteen parishes – mostly in the sugar belt – Parker carried only 38 percent of the vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Louisiana, Background and vote
However, this would be the high point of the Progressive movement in Louisiana. Parker was nominated for Vice-President by the national Progressive Party, but when Roosevelt declined the presidential place on this ticket and endorsed national Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes, the top spot was left empty and Parker endorsed incumbent President Wilson. Despite this, opposition to Wilson’s tariff policy in the sugar parishes was sufficient that the Progressive ticket did very well in this area, becoming the first non-Democrat to carry any Louisiana parish since 1900.


1916 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1916 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all the contemporary 48 states. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Maine
Maine was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. They defeated Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in Maine
Hughes won Maine by a narrow margin of 4.02%. Nevertheless, Wilson won the election nationally by a narrow margin of 23 electoral votes.


1916 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1916 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Maryland, Background and vote
With its history as a slave state and substantial historic secessionist support, Maryland had been strongly Democratic during the Third Party System despite having Federalist and Whig tendencies under previous systems. However, hostility towards William Jennings Bryan’s free silver and Populist tendencies in the cities meant that the state shifted Republican in 1896 and became very close in subsequent elections during the “System of 1896”. Unlike former Confederate states and Oklahoma, Maryland did not succeed in disenfranchising its large black population despite several attempts, which helped the Republicans remain highly competitive in early twentieth-century state elections.


1916 United States presidential election in Maryland, Background and vote
The previous three elections had seen Maryland as the strongest Democratic state outside the former Confederacy, and in 1912 it was one of only four such states where incumbent President Woodrow Wilson exceeded the total vote of his divided Republican opposition from Taft and Roosevelt. Despite this, and the fact that four members of the state’s Progressive Party committee refused to endorse the reunified Republicans under Charles Evans Hughes, leading GOP Senator Reed Smoot said late in September that he was confident Maryland could go Republican, although the poll still suggested Wilson would win narrowly. Wilson did not campaign in the state at all, but Hughes’ campaign made a brief visit during the second week of October, which was not regarded as successful.


1916 United States presidential election in Maryland, Background and vote
Two days before the poll, Maryland was regarded as doubtful, although there had been reports of a continued swing to Wilson a week previously. As it turned out, the earlier prediction proved the better guide, with Wilson winning by 8.02 percent for his strongest performance in any antebellum Union state except Ohio, and becoming the first Democrat to win an absolute majority in Maryland since Grover Cleveland in 1892.


1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Hughes carried the state with 50.54%, to Wilson's 46.61%, a Republican victory margin of 3.93%. Coming in a distant third was Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson, who took 2.08%.


1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts had long been a typical Yankee Republican bastion in the wake of the Civil War, having voted Republican in every election from 1856 through 1908. However, in 1912, former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt had run as a third party candidate against incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft, splitting the Republican vote and allowing Woodrow Wilson as the Democratic candidate to win Massachusetts with a plurality of only 35.53% of the vote. With the Republican base re-united behind Hughes in 1916, Massachusetts was returned to the Republican column.


1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Hughes won 12 out of 14 counties in the State of Massachusetts, while Wilson won only 2 . The race was kept close statewide by the fact that Wilson carried Suffolk County, home to the state's capital and largest city, Boston. Wilson's only other county victory was the small island of Nantucket. However both candidates had fair levels of support across the state, as neither got more than 60% of the vote in any county. As Wilson narrowly won re-election nationwide, Massachusetts ended weighing in as about 7% more Republican than the national average.


1916 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Wilson is the last Democrat to win a presidential election while losing either Massachusetts or neighboring Rhode Island, although he had previously carried both states in 1912.


1916 United States presidential election in Michigan
The 1916 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Michigan
Michigan voted for Republican candidate Charles E. Hughes over Democratic incumbent Woodrow Wilson, carrying over 52% of the popular vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
The 1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Minnesota voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Minnesota was won by the Republican candidate, former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Charles Evans Hughes won the state over incumbent President Woodrow Wilson by a margin of just 392 votes, or 0.1011968% (one vote in 988). This is the fifteenth-closest statewide presidential election on record, and although it was only the second-closest result in 1916 after New Hampshire, there was not to be a closer result until Adlai Stevenson II won Kentucky in 1952 by 700 of 993,148 votes.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Wilson's performance was the closest any Democrat had come to carrying Republican stronghold Minnesota since Minnesota's statehood inception in 1858 – he was almost five percent ahead of his losing margin in 1912 when the state was won by Progressive Theodore Roosevelt. Wilson comfortably won the urban counties of Ramsey, Hennepin and St. Louis, which became rigid strongholds for the Democratic Party. Wilson also led Hughes in the socialist strongholds of the forestry- and mining-dominated northern counties.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Nevertheless, Hughes won the state with dominance of the farming districts in the south and his ability to carry fifty-three of eighty-seven state counties. Wilson was however the first Democrat to ever carry Lake, Kandiyohi, Saint Louis, Norman, Todd, Lyon, Murray and Martin Counties, the first to carry Carlton County since Winfield S. Hancock in 1880, and the first to win Hubbard County since Grover Cleveland in 1888.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Nationally, Wilson won the election, with 277 electoral votes and a tight 3.12% lead over Hughes in the popular vote. Wilson's re-election was the first instance in which a Democratic President was elected to a second consecutive term since Andrew Jackson’s 1832 re-election.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
As of the 2020 presidential election, this would be the last time that a Democrat would win the presidency without carrying Minnesota.


1916 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Minnesota held its first Presidential Primary on March 14, 1916.


1916 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1916 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 10 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Mississippi was won by the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall. They defeated Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana.


1916 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1916 United States presidential election in Missouri was held on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Missouri
Missouri was won by incumbent President, Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, with 50.59% of the popular vote, against Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes (R–New York), running with former vice president Charles W. Fairbanks, with 46.94% of the popular vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Missouri
This election was the first in which Missouri voted to the right of Kansas since the latter's statehood. This would not recur until 2020.


1916 United States presidential election in Montana
The 1916 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 7, 1916 a part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Montana
Montana overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic nominee, President Woodrow Wilson, over the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice and former New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes. Wilson won Montana by a large margin of 19.31%.


1916 United States presidential election in Nebraska
The 1916 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Nebraska
Nebraska was won by incumbent President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), and incumbent Vice-President Thomas R. Marshall, with 55.28% of the popular vote, against former and future Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes (R–New York), running with the 26th vice president of the United States Charles W. Fairbanks, with 40.99% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Keya Paha County voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate.


1916 United States presidential election in Nevada
The United States presidential election in the Nevada, 1916 took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Nevada
Nevada was won by incumbent President of the United States, former Governor of New Jersey Woodrow Wilson, who won the state by a comfortable margin of nearly seventeen points and carried every county in the state except Douglas, a county that since statehood has voted Democratic only for William Jennings Bryan in the "free silver" elections of 1896 and 1900 and for the Franklin Delano Roosevelt landslides of 1932 and 1936. Nevada voted more than 5% more Democratic than the nation as a whole, an anomaly exceeded only by Bryan and Roosevelt in their first two elections each.


1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The 1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
New Hampshire was won by the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall. They defeated Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana.


1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Wilson won New Hampshire by a very narrow margin of just 0.06283% (one vote in 1,592) and 56 popular votes. In terms of popular vote margin, this is the third-closest state presidential election race on record, behind two in Maryland from 1832 and 1904. In terms of percentage, it stands as the ninth-closest behind the two Maryland elections above, two from California in 1892 and 1912, Kentucky in 1896, Hawaii’s inaugural 1960 election, and the 2000 Florida and New Mexico elections.


1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The giant Rexall drugstore chain made an early opinion poll that predicted Wilson’s narrow victory in the Granite State and in California almost perfectly, leading to a reputation for accuracy that was to be lost twenty years subsequently.


1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
This was the first time since 1852 that Sullivan County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
The 1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
New Jersey was won by the Republican nominees, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York and his running mate, former Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey and his running mate incumbent Vice President Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Hughes carried New Jersey decisively with 54.40 percent of the vote to Wilson's 42.68 percent, a victory margin of 11.72 points. Coming in a distant third was Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson, who took 2.10 percent.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Like much of the Northeast, New Jersey in this era was a staunchly Republican state, having not given a majority of the vote to a Democratic presidential candidate since 1892. However, in 1912, Woodrow Wilson, then the sitting Governor of New Jersey, had won the state's electoral votes, but with a plurality of only 41 percent in a 3-way race against a split Republican field, with former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt running as a third party candidate against incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft. However, with the Republican base re-united behind Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, Wilson lost his home state to the GOP by a decisive 12-point margin in a head-to-head match-up, despite having served as the state's governor.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
On the county level map, reflecting his comfortable victory, Hughes carried 17 of the state's 21 counties, breaking sixty percent of the vote in three.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Wilson's only significant win was urban Hudson County, while he also won the three rural counties in western North Jersey, Warren, Sussex, and Hunterdon, which had long been non-Yankee Democratic enclaves in the otherwise Republican Northeast. Warren and Hunterdon had never voted Republican as of 1916 – and Sussex only for William McKinley in 1896 – yet Wilson would prove the last Democrat to win Sussex County until Lyndon Johnson in 1964.


1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey
Despite being Wilson's home state, New Jersey registered as the second most Republican state in the nation in terms of vote share after Vermont and the fourth most Republican state in the nation in terms of margin, the state being about 15 points more Republican than the national average. Woodrow Wilson is one of 4 presidents to lose his home state on a successful presidential bid. The others are James K. Polk, Richard Nixon, and Donald Trump


1916 United States presidential election in New Mexico
The 1916 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary forty-eight states were part of 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose three electors to represent them in the Electoral College, which voted for President and Vice President.


1916 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Background
During the period between New Mexico's annexation by the United States and statehood, the area was divided between largely Republican machine-run highland regions and its firmly Southern Democrat and Baptist "Little Texas" region to the southeast. A split in the "Old Guard" of highland Republicanism meant that in the state's inaugural presidential election in 1912 Woodrow Wilson carried the state through overwhelming "Little Texas" and southern desert support over Progressive Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent Republican William Howard Taft. Nonetheless, New Mexico was still Taft's fourth-strongest state by vote percentage reflecting the strong Hispanic machine loyalties to him in the northern highlands.


1916 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Background
In the East, supporters of Theodore Roosevelt's "Bull Moose" Party rapidly returned to the Republicans, in the Mountain States many if not most of these supporters turned to the Democratic Party not only in presidential elections, but also in state and federal legislative ones. Wilson was also helped by a powerful "peace vote" in the Western states due to opposition to participation in World War I.


1916 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Vote
New Mexico was won by incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, who secured a tumultuous reelection against Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, and Socialist Party icon Allan L. Benson. Wilson's reluctance to bid armed forces in World War I improved his image for this election, as a "peace candidate". However, whilst many Progressive business leaders believed the Republican Old Guard stood for fraud and dishonesty, they nonetheless supported Hughes even whilst opposing GOP candidates for other statewide positions. Consequently, despite its strong Democratic base at a local level that was completely absent in most parts of the West during the "System of 1896", New Mexico was Wilson's third-weakest state in the West.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
The 1916 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
New York was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Indiana Senator Charles W. Fairbanks. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
A former Governor of New York, Hughes won his home state fairly comfortably, taking 51.53% of the vote to Wilson’s 44.51%, a victory margin of 7.02%. Coming in a distant third was Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson, who took 2.69%, mainly among Jewish Americans in New York City.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
New York during the Fourth Party System was usually a Republican state in presidential elections; however in 1912, a strong third party run by former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt against the incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft had split the Republican vote, and had enabled Woodrow Wilson as the Democratic candidate to win New York State’s electoral votes in 1912 with a plurality of only 41%.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
With the Republicans re-united behind Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, and criticism of Wilson’s policies already emanating from the Democrats’ Irish-American base, New York returned to the Republican column, and delivered a fairly comfortable win to Hughes even as Wilson won re-election nationwide. Hughes’ 7% margin of victory made New York State a strong 10% more Republican than the national average in the 1916 election.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
Nonetheless, this was the last occasion until 1964 that the Democratic Party carried Hamilton County, Schoharie County, Otsego County and Chemung County. Except for Chemung these were historically German or Dutch and usually Democratic rural counties that would turn permanently to the GOP amidst the fallout from World War I.


1916 United States presidential election in New York
Hughes' victory in the state made him the second Republican presidential candidate to win New York without winning the election, the first was John C. Frémont in 1856 and the third was Thomas E. Dewey in 1948. Hughes also became the first losing candidate to win the state since Samuel J. Tilden in 1876.


1916 United States presidential election in North Carolina
The 1916 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Voters chose twelve representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Background
Like all former Confederate states, North Carolina would during its “Redemption” develop a politics based upon Jim Crow laws, disfranchisement of its African-American population and dominance of the Democratic Party. Unlike the Deep South, the Republican Party possessed sufficient historic Unionist white support from the mountains and northwestern Piedmont to gain a stable one-third of the statewide vote total in general elections even after blacks lost the right to vote. Like Virginia, Tennessee and Oklahoma, the relative strength of Republican opposition meant that North Carolina did not have statewide white primaries, although certain counties did use the white primary. Although with disfranchisement of blacks the state introduced a poll tax, it was less severe than any other former Confederate state.


1916 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Background
Since the tail end of the 1900s, proposals to reform what was recognised as an inefficient and regressive tax system had become the major issue in North Carolina, especially after the Sixteenth Amendment was ratified.


1916 United States presidential election in North Carolina, Vote
Neither candidate campaigned in the state, which had voted Democratic at every election since 1876. At no point was there any serious question of Wilson carrying the state. On election day projections were for a majority for Wilson of between forty-five thousand and fifty thousand, which closely approximated the final result. Nonetheless, North Carolina was one of only three states where Wilson failed to improve upon his 1912 percentage, and indeed his 16.39 point win was three points smaller than conservative Democrat Alton B. Parker managed in 1904. Hughes, in fact, was the first Republican to ever carry Carteret and Clay Counties, suggesting latent opposition to Wilson in the Outer Banks and Appalachia.


1916 United States presidential election in North Dakota
The 1916 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary forty-eight states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in North Dakota
North Dakota was won narrowly by incumbent President Woodrow Wilson (D–New Jersey), running with incumbent Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, with 47.84% of the popular vote, against Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Charles Evans Hughes (R–New York), running with former Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks, with 46.34% of the popular vote. Apart from the state’s first presidential election in 1892, this is the closest presidential result on record in North Dakota, although the state was only the sixth-closest of the 1916 election.


1916 United States presidential election in North Dakota
Wilson had previously won North Dakota four years earlier. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time that North Dakota voted for a different candidate than neighboring South Dakota.


1916 United States presidential election in Ohio
The 1916 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on November 7, 1916. State voters chose 24 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Ohio
Ohio was won by the Democratic Party candidate, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, who won the state with 51.86 percent of the popular vote. The Republican Party candidate, Charles Evans Hughes, garnered 44.18 percent of the popular vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Ohio
As a result of his win in Ohio, Wilson became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Andrew Jackson in 1832 to win Ohio with a majority of the votes, although three Democrats in the intervening period – Wilson in 1912, Franklin Pierce in 1852, and Lewis Cass in 1848 – had won the state with pluralities.


1916 United States presidential election in Ohio
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Delaware County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1916 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
The 1916 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election.


1916 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Background and vote
In its early years, Oklahoma was a “Solid South” Democratic state whose founding fathers like "Alfalfa Bill" Murray and Charles N. Haskell had disfranchised most of its black population via literacy tests and grandfather clauses, the latter of which would be declared unconstitutional in Guinn v. United States. Partly owing to the absence of the poll taxes found in other Southern states due to the strength of populism amongst the state’s white settlers, the state became a stronghold of the Socialist Party in the 1910s, especially in the southeast and the northwestern Plains.


1916 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Background and vote
Oklahoma voters overwhelmingly voted for Democratic incumbent Wilson, over the Republican nominee, Associate Justice Charles Evans Hughes.


1916 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Background and vote
Despite a strong showing from the Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson, the state was won handily by President Wilson. He garnered 50.65 percent of the vote, compared to Justice Hughes who won 33.25 percent of the vote. Wilson carries the state by a margin of 17.4 percent. Oklahoma proved to be the best showing for Benson of any state in this election, where he gained 15.45 percent the vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Background and vote
This election continued the Democratic trend in the state. Oklahoma would only vote Republican in the elections of 1920 and 1928 until the trend flipped after the 1952 presidential election.


1916 United States presidential election in Oregon
The 1916 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated. Voters chose five electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Oregon, Background and vote
Oregon had been in the 1900s solidified as a one-party Republican bastion, which it would remain at a Presidential level apart from the 1910s GOP split until Franklin D. Roosevelt rose to power in 1932, and apart from a very short New Deal interlude at state level until the "Revolution of 1954". As of 1916, the state had not elected a Democratic Congressman since 1878, and between 1900 and 1954 Democratic representation in the Oregon legislature would never exceed fifteen percent except during the above-mentioned 1930s interlude, so that Republican primaries would become the chief mode of competition.


1916 United States presidential election in Oregon, Background and vote
In 1912, a split in the Republican Party and the relatively limited appeal of Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party in what was at the time the most conservative of the Pacific States allowed Woodrow Wilson to become only the second Democratic Presidential candidate after Horatio Seymour in 1868 to carry Oregon.


1916 United States presidential election in Oregon, Background and vote
For his 1916 re-election against a United GOP, Wilson campaigned on keeping the United States out of World War I, and upon Progressive Era reforms like the income tax. These reforms were much less popular in Yankee-settled Western Oregon – which had close cultural and political ties to New England – with the result that Oregon voted for the Republican nominee, Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey.


1916 United States presidential election in Oregon, Background and vote
Hughes won Oregon by a close margin of 2.57%; however, alongside South Dakota, Oregon was the only state that Hughes won in the Great Plains or westward. Wilson’s historically based strength in sparsely populated and Ozark mountaineer-settled Eastern Oregon, like that of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, was inadequate to counter this.


1916 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
The 1916 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose 38 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice and former New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes, over the Democratic nominee, President Woodrow Wilson. Hughes won Pennsylvania by a large margin of 14.04%.


1916 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
With 56.26% of the vote, Pennsylvania would prove to be Hughes' third strongest state in terms of popular votes percentage after Vermont and neighboring New Jersey.


1916 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
The 1916 United States presidential election in Rhode Island  took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
Rhode Island was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. They defeated Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall. Hughes won the state by a narrow margin of 5.08%.


1916 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
This was the first election since 1892 where the Democratic candidate earned more than 40% in at least one Rhode Island county. As of the 2020 United States presidential election, it is also the most recent election where the Democratic candidate lost Rhode Island but won the presidency.


1916 United States presidential election in South Carolina
The 1916 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 9 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in South Carolina
South Carolina was won by the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall. They defeated Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana.


1916 United States presidential election in South Carolina
Wilson won South Carolina by a landslide margin of 94.29%.


1916 United States presidential election in South Dakota
The 1916 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated. Voters chose five electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in South Dakota
South Dakota voted for the Republican nominee, Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey. Hughes won South Dakota by a close margin of 3.90%; however, alongside Oregon, South Dakota was the only state that Hughes won in the Great Plains or westward.


1916 United States presidential election in South Dakota
Hughes’ victory was largely due to the powerful GOP loyalty of East River German-Americans, who feared that Wilson’s pro-British and pro-French sentiments would lead the United States to involve itself in war with Germany. In contrast, the more Anglo-Saxon West River counties strongly supported Wilson’s Southern roots and prohibitionist leanings. Despite his loss, Wilson’s 45.91% was the best performance in the state by a Democrat since William Jennings Bryan won the state in a fusion with the Populist Party two decades before, and would be beaten only six times in the ensuing century.


1916 United States presidential election in South Dakota
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Lawrence County voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate, and the last time that South Dakota voted for a different candidate than neighboring North Dakota.


1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee
The 1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee was held on November 7, 1916. Tennessee voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background
For over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee was divided according to political loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican – generally by landslide margins – as they saw the Democratic Party as the “war party” who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.


1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background
Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction. After the disfranchisement of the state’s African-American population by a poll tax was largely complete in the 1890s, the Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united, although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support.


1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background
In the early 1910s, the state Democratic Party was divided over the issue of prohibition. One faction, known as the “Independent Democrats,” wanted the state's Four Mile Law (which banned the sale of liquor within four miles of any school) to apply statewide, while the other faction, known as the “Regular Democrats,” wanted the state's larger cities to be exempt from this law. In 1910, the Independent Democrats fled the party and formed a coalition, known as the “Fusionists,” with Republicans, helping to elect Governor Ben W. Hooper, although the Republicans did not gain at other levels. With the divisions within the Democratic Party temporarily healed in 1914, the major state issue was the control of Memphis political boss E. H. Crump, who had been arrested and ousted from power for violating state prohibition laws.


1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Background
Although Tennessee had not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1868, Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes did visit the state – becoming the first Republican nominee to ever visit Nashville – during the first week of September. Democratic incumbent Woodrow Wilson did not visit the state.


1916 United States presidential election in Tennessee, Vote
No polls were taken in Tennessee until the end of October, when President Wilson was given a clear lead, which led Hughes to concede the state. Later polls early in November confirmed this view, giving Wilson a five-to-four lead over the whole state. As it turned out, Wilson won by more than the poll had suggested, and improved by six points upon the margins achieved by Alton B. Parker in 1904 and William Jennings Bryan in 1908.


1916 United States presidential election in Texas
The 1916 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary forty-eight states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose 20 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Texas
Texas was overwhelmingly won by incumbent president Woodrow Wilson. Wilson defeated Charles Evans Hughes by a landslide margin of 59.47%.


1916 United States presidential election in Texas
With 76.92% of the popular vote, Texas would prove to be Wilson's fifth strongest in terms of popular vote percentage after South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana and Georgia.


1916 United States presidential election in Utah
The 1916 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary forty-eight states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This was the first election featuring as a distinct voting unit Duchesne County, which had been split from Wasatch County in 1915.


1916 United States presidential election in Utah
In the preceding 1912 presidential election, Utah had been one of only two states (the other being strongly Republican Vermont) to give a plurality to incumbent President William Howard Taft. However, in contrast to the East where supporters of Theodore Roosevelt's "Bull Moose" Party rapidly returned to the Republicans, in the Mountain States many if not most of these supporters turned to the Democratic Party not only in presidential elections, but also in state and federal legislative ones.


1916 United States presidential election in Utah
Another factor helping Wilson was a powerful "peace vote" in the Western states due to opposition to participation in World War I, and a third was that a considerable part of the substantial vote for Socialist candidate Eugene Debs from the previous election was turned over to Wilson owing to such Progressive reforms as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments. A fourth factor was that Taft had support from the Mormon hierarchy that commanded the loyalty of most of Utah's population – which caused Utah to remain largely loyal to him amidst the GOP split – but the LDS Church did not maintain support with Hughes.


1916 United States presidential election in Utah
The combined result was that Wilson was able to make Utah his second-strongest victory outside of the "Solid South" – in a state that four years previously had given him his seventh-lowest popular vote proportion. Utah was his eleventh-best state overall and voted 17.83 percentage points more Democratic than the nation at-large.


1916 United States presidential election in Utah
Wilson swept every county in the state, including rock-ribbed Republican Kane County, which had been Taft's third-strongest county nationwide in 1912, which has never otherwise supported a Democrat for president, and where otherwise only William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936 have as Democrats received so much as one third of the vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1916 United States presidential election in Vermont  took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
Vermont was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
Hughes won a decisive victory with 62.43% of the vote, to Wilson's 35.22%, a Republican victory margin of 27.21%.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
Vermont historically was a bastion of liberal Northeastern Republicanism, and by 1916 the Green Mountain State had gone Republican in every presidential election since the founding of the Republican Party. From 1856 to 1912, Vermont had had the longest streak of voting Republican of any state, having never voted Democratic before, and this tradition continued in 1916.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
In 1912, Vermont had been one of only two states (along with Utah) to vote for incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft, who was pushed into third place nationally by the strong third party candidacy of Theodore Roosevelt, a former Republican president who had run in 1912 with his own Bull Moose Party. Taft and Roosevelt had split the Republican vote nationally in 1912, and in Vermont, Taft edged out Roosevelt 37–35, while Wilson had received only 24% of the vote. With the Republican base re-united behind Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, the GOP scored a landslide win in Vermont with over 62% of the vote, although Wilson also gained 11 points in support from his 1912 showing.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
Hughes carried thirteen of the state's fourteen counties, breaking 60% of the vote in 8 of them, and even breaking 70% in 2 counties. Wilson's only county victory came from sparsely populated Grand Isle County in the far northwest of the state, which had also been the only county in the state to give Wilson a plurality win in 1912. This was the first election since 1852 in which a Democratic candidate earned more than forty percent of the vote in any Vermont county.


1916 United States presidential election in Vermont
As Wilson narrowly won re-election nationally, Vermont weighed in as over 30% more Republican than the national average in the 1916 election, making it the most Republican state in the union.


1916 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1916 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7, 1916. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Virginia
Virginia voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson, over the Republican nominee, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes. Wilson ultimately won the national election with 49.24% of the vote.


1916 United States presidential election in Washington (state)
The 1916 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election in which all contemporary 48 states participated. Voters chose seven electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic incumbents Woodrow Wilson Thomas R. Marshall, against Republican challengers Associate Justice Charles Evans Hughes and his running mate, former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks.


1916 United States presidential election in Washington (state)
Washington had been a one-party Republican bastion for twenty years before this election. Democratic representation in the Washington legislature would during this period at times be countable on one hand, and neither Alton B. Parker nor William Jennings Bryan in his third presidential run carried even one county in the state. Republican primaries had taken over as the chief mode of political competition when introduced in the late 1900s.


1916 United States presidential election in Washington (state)
However, a powerful "peace vote" in the Western states due to opposition to participation in World War I, and the transfer of a considerable part of the substantial vote for Eugene Debs from the previous election to Wilson owing to such Progressive reforms as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments allowed Woodrow Wilson to carry the Evergreen State by a 4.25 percentage point margin. In doing this, Wilson was the first ever Democratic victor in the Western Washington counties of Island, San Juan and Kitsap, and the only Democrat between 1904 and 1924 to carry any Washington county in a two-way presidential race.


1916 United States presidential election in West Virginia
The 1916 United States presidential election in West Virginia  took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in West Virginia
West Virginia was won by the Republican nominee, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York, and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.


1916 United States presidential election in West Virginia
Hughes won the Mountain State by a very narrow margin of 0.94%. Despite Hughes' win in the state, that voters  chose the eight electors  individually gave Wilson one electoral vote. This was the first time a losing Republican presidential candidate would win the state and the only one until John McCain won West Virginia in 2008.


1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
The 1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 7, 1916 as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background
Ever since the decline of the Populist movement, Wisconsin had become almost a one-party state dominated by the Republican Party. The Democratic Party became entirely uncompetitive outside certain German Catholic counties adjoining Lake Michigan as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, completely fled from William Jennings Bryan’s agrarian and free silver sympathies. As Democratic strength weakened severely after 1894 – although the state did develop a strong Socialist Party to provide opposition to the GOP – Wisconsin developed the direct Republican primary in 1903 and this ultimately created competition between the “League” under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative “Regular” faction.


1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background
At the turn of the decade, the Democratic Party underwent a brief revival, as it made significant gains upon its small share of state legislative seats and many people in the state saw in New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson the possibility of the party returning to the progressive ideals it was felt to have deserted with Bryan fifteen years beforehand. Wilson would carry Wisconsin in 1912 and in fact improve upon Bryan’s share of the vote from 1908.


1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background
During his term, however, Wisconsin‘s heavily German-American population turned against Wilson, with the result that in 1914 the Democrats lost ground in the state legislature, and with the outbreak of war in Europe this opposition increased, because the concurrent Irish rebellion was believed to lie in the interests of the Central Powers, and Wilson was viewed as strongly pro-British. The position of President Wilson as strongly pro-British was intensified when he failed to accept clemency for Roger Casement.


1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote
Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes campaigned in the state during September, but President Wilson did not campaign in the state, although it was viewed as doubtful in September despite strong feelings that German-American opposition would eliminate Wilson’s chance. Near the end of October, a Tennessean polls suggested that Wilson would carry the state due to his anti-war sentiment, but the Los Angeles Times said Hughes would carry the state by a “moderate margin” despite a straw poll in favour of Wilson. The Oshkosh Northwestern on October 26 viewed the state as “doubtful”, but said their polls indicated Hughes would win by around fifteen thousand votes.


1916 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote
As things turned out, Wisconsin would be comfortably, if not overwhelmingly, carried by Republican nominee Hughes, who won the state by 6.59 percentage points. Sign of the collapse of German Catholic Democratic loyalties was seen in Hughes carrying Ozaukee County, which no Republican had ever won before and was Wisconsin’s only county to resist the landslides against both William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and Alton Brooks Parker in 1904. This German Catholic Democratic collapse – broken abruptly by a powerful vote for coreligionist Al Smith in 1928 and for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 – would be a major feature of interwar Wisconsin presidential politics.


1916 United States presidential election in Wyoming
The 1916 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1916 United States presidential election in Wyoming
In 1912, Wyoming had been the eighth-best state for embattled Republican nominee William Howard Taft. However, in contrast to the East where supporters of Theodore Roosevelt's "Bull Moose" Party rapidly returned to the Republicans, in the Mountain States many if not most of these supporters turned to the Democratic Party not only in presidential elections, but also in state and federal legislative ones.


1916 United States presidential election in Wyoming
Another factor helping President Woodrow Wilson was a powerful "peace vote" in the Western states due to opposition to participation in World War I, and a third was that a considerable part of the substantial vote for Eugene Debs from the previous election was turned over to Wilson owing to such Progressive reforms as the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments.


1916 United States presidential election in Wyoming
Consequently, Wilson was able not merely to hold Wyoming from 1912, but to increase his margin by over ten percentage points to carry the state by 12.76 percent. This is the third best Democratic performance in the history of presidential elections in Wyoming, behind Franklin Delano Roosevelt's landslide wins in 1932 and 1936. Wilson became the first Democratic presidential candidate to carry the counties of  Carbon, Converse, Lincoln, Natrona, Niobrara, and Washakie. As of the 2020 presidential election, this election is the last time Wyoming has voted more Democratic than the nation at-large.


1916 University Farm football team
The 1916 University Farm football team represented University Farm in the 1916 college football season. Although University Farm was the formal name for the school and team, in many newspaper articles from the time it was called "Davis Farm".


1916 University Farm football team
The 1916 team competed as an independent and was led by second-year head coach Robert E. Harmon. They played home games in Davis, California. University Farm finished with a record of six wins, one loss and one tie (6–1–1) and outscored their opponents 151–63 for the 1916 season. In two years under coach Harmon, the team compiled a record of 9–3–1, a .731 winning percentage.


1916 University of New Mexico football team
The 1916 University of New Mexico football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Mexico as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In its sixth and final season under head coach Ralph Hutchinson (who was also the university's first athletic director), the team compiled a 3–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 216 to 70. Carl D. Brorien was the team captain.


1916 University of New Mexico football team
The team shut out its opponents in the final three games by a combined score of 214 to 0. The 108-0 victory over Northern Arizona Normal School remains the largest margin of victory in program history.


1916 University of Utah football team
The 1916 University of Utah football team was an American football team that represented the University of Utah during the 1916 college football season. Head coach Nelson Norgren led the team to a 2–2 mark in the RMFAC and 3–2 overall.


1916 Uruguayan Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Uruguay on 30 July 1916. The result was a victory for the National Party, which won 105 of the 218 seats.


1916 Uruguayan Primera División
The Uruguayan Championship 1916 was the 16th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league.


1916 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
The tournament consisted of a two-wheel championship of all against all. It involved nine teams, and the champion was Nacional.


1916 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1916 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah Agricultural College (later renamed Utah State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1916 college football season. In their first season under head coach Jack Watson, the Aggies compiled a 1–5–1 record (0–4 against RMC opponents) and were outscored by a total of 178 to 69.


1916 Utah gubernatorial election
The 1916 Utah gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Democratic nominee Simon Bamberger defeated Republican nominee Nephi L. Morris with 55.12% of the vote. It was the first time a Democrat was elected governor of the state.


1916 VFA season
The 1916 Victorian Football Association season was not played owing to World War I, which was at its peak at the time.


1916 VFA season, Abandonment of the season
In February, the Association met to determine whether or not to contest the premiership during the season, in light of the need to support the war effort in Europe. The Association had curtailed the 1915 season five weeks early for the same reason.


1916 VFA season, Abandonment of the season
At its first meeting on 7 February, the clubs were divided in opinion: Brighton, North Melbourne, Brunswick and Northcote were in favour of playing the season; Footscray, Hawthorn, Essendon and Williamstown were opposed; and Port Melbourne and Prahran were undecided. However, at the second meeting on 25 February, all clubs decided unanimously not to contest the premiership in 1916.


1916 VFA season, Abandonment of the season
The Association resolved that its clubs should continue to operate, and could play matches for patriotic fund-raising purposes during the season. Many Association players moved into the Victorian Junior Football Association, which had before the war been the first level of junior football below the Association.


1916 VFL Grand Final
The 1916 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Carlton Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 2 September 1916. It was the 20th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1916 VFL season. The match, attended by 21,130 spectators, was won by Fitzroy by a margin of 29 points, marking that club's sixth premiership victory.


1916 VFL Grand Final, Background
The 1916 season was played by only 4 teams, Carlton, Collingwood, Richmond and Fitzroy, owing to the absence of many of the players who were fighting in World War I.


1916 VFL Grand Final, Background
Carlton ended the home and away season with 10 wins from 12 games and were minor premiers. Fitzroy won only 2 games and a draw to finish bottom, however with only 4 teams available to fill the 4 finals spots they won through to the Grand Final thanks to victories over Collingwood by 6 points in the Semi Final and Carlton by 23 in the Final. Carlton defeated Richmond by 3 in the other Semi Final.


1916 VFL Grand Final, Background
During the season the teams played 4 times, with Fitzroy winning the first match by 4 points, and Carlton winning the other three by 33, 29 and 21.


1916 VFL Grand Final, Background
The four finals games were the only games that year played at the MCG.


1916 VFL season
The 1916 Victorian Football League season was the 20th season of Victoria's main Australian rules football competition.


1916 VFL season
The 1916 season of the VFL saw just four teams competing, due to World War I. This led to the anomaly of Fitzroy having the distinction of winning both the wooden spoon and the premiership in the same year, finishing 4th out of 4 in the home-and-away season but progressing through to the Grand Final in the final four finals system and winning that match.


1916 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1916, the VFL competition consisted of four teams of 18 on-the-field players each, with no "reserves", although any of the 18 players who had left the playing field for any reason could later resume their place on the field at any time during the match.


1916 VFL season, Premiership season
Each of the four teams played each other four times in a 12 match home-and-away season (each team hosting each of the others twice).


1916 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 12 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1916 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the amended "Argus system".


1916 VFL season, Grand final
Fitzroy defeated Carlton 12.13 (85) to 8.8 (56), in front of a crowd of 21,130 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football).


1916 VFL season, Notable events, Impact of the war
The situation of the VFL in 1916 was rather complex.


1916 VFL season, Notable events, District football
Although the 1916 season itself was disrupted by the war, it was the first season to come under the VFL's new district football scheme. Under the new scheme:


1916 VFL season, Notable events, District football
The scheme had been developed by a league sub-committee over the previous two years (and had originally allowed for players to qualify for University based on past or present enrollment at the University of Melbourne and affiliated academic bodies), and the final approval for the scheme came in October 1915. District/zone recruiting remained in place from 1916 until 1991.


1916 VMI Keydets football team
The 1916 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their 26th season of organized football. Led by third-year head coach Frank Gorton, the Keydets went 4–5. After a 3–0 start with three shutout victories, VMI lost five out of their final six games.


1916 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1916 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1916 college football season. Led by Jack E. Ingersoll in his only year as head coach, the team went 7–2 and claims a South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) championship.


1916 VPI Gobblers football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1916 football team according to the roster published in the 1917 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1916 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The 1916 season was Dan McGugin's 13th year as head coach. Quarterback Rabbit Curry was selected third-team All-America by Walter Camp.


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Transylvania
In the second week of play, Transylvania was beaten  42–0.


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Kentucky
Vanderbilt defeated Kentucky 45–0. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin stated "If you would give me Doc Rodes, I would say he was a greater player than Curry."


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Virginia
Vanderbilt beat Virginia 27–6. Josh Cody made a 50-yard field goal.


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Tennessee
Tennessee upset Vanderbilt 10–6 in 1916. Vanderbilt's lone score came on a 70-yard run by Rabbit Curry. The year's only unanimous All-Southern Graham Vowell scored Tennessee's winning touchdown.


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Tennessee
The starting lineup was Adams (left end), Cody (left tackle), Williams (left guard), Hamilton (center), Harman (right guard), Lipscomb (right tackle), Cohen (right end), Curry (quarterback), Floyd (left halfback), Zerfoss (right halfback), Ray (fullback).


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Auburn
Vanderbilt eliminated Auburn from SIAA title contention by a 20–9 score. Josh Cody carried the ball over for the first touchdown. Rabbit Curry played well at the start, but could not play the entire game due to an ankle injury. Moon Ducote made a 45-yard field goal in the third quarter to put the Tigers up 9–7. With the help of the forward pass, the Commodores scored two further touchdowns in the last quarter.


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Auburn
The starting lineup was Zerfoss (left end), Cody (left tackle), Williams (left guard), Hamilton (center), Carman (right guard), Lipscomb (right tackle), Cohen (right end), Curry (quarterback), Richardson (left halfback), Beasley (right halfback), Ray (fullback).


1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Sewanee
Vanderbilt and rival Sewanee fought to a scoreless tie. Red Floyd fumbled in the shadow of the goalpost.


1916 Vermont Green and Gold football team
The 1916 Vermont Green and Gold football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont as an independent during the 1916 college football season. In their first year under head coach Edwin W. Leary, the team compiled a 4–5 record.


1916 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1916 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1916. Incumbent Republican Charles W. Gates, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Horace F. Graham defeated Democratic candidate William B. Mayo to succeed him.


1916 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1916 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1916 college football season. The Wildcats team captain was F. Leo Lynch.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane
The 1916 Virgin Islands hurricane was a strong tropical cyclone that inflicted extensive damage across the Virgin Islands in October 1916. It was the region's most destructive storm since at least the 1867 San Narciso hurricane; Consul General Christopher Payne and archaeologist Theodoor de Booy considered the 1916 storm as the archipelago's most damaging. Its peak intensity was equivalent to a Category 3 on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane
The storm began as a tropical depression southeast of Barbados on October 6, though little is known about the storm's origins or its developing stages; by the time its center was first located, the cyclone was already a hurricane and causing damage in the Virgin Islands. After forming, the storm moved northwest into the eastern Caribbean Sea and strengthened quickly. Rough seas were produced in the Windward Islands at Dominica and Saint Kitts as the storm passed nearby between October 7–8, damaging coastal villages.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane
On the evening of October 9, the hurricane traversed the Virgin Islands with an intensity equivalent to a Category 2 on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale, passing directly over Saint Croix and producing gusts as high as 160 mph (260 km/h). Of the Danish West Indies, Saint Thomas fared worst, with virtually every building sustaining damage. The island harbor suffered greatly and numerous ships were grounded or sunk. Entire towns in Saint Croix and Tortola were destroyed. There were four deaths in Saint Thomas, five in the remainder of the Danish West Indies, and thirty-two in Tortola.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane
After battering the Lesser Antilles, the hurricane continued harmlessly out to sea on a northward and later northeastward trajectory. While well southeast of Bermuda, the storm's intensity peaked on October 12 with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (190 km/h). Steady weakening ensued thereafter, and the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 14 before being absorbed by another cyclone east of Newfoundland a day later. Amid the storm's aftermath, coal carriers successfully went on strike for increased wages. Crop production in 1917 was significantly curtailed by the widespread damage wrought to agriculture by the hurricane.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Meteorological history
The 1916 Virgin Islands hurricane was the thirteenth known tropical cyclone of the 1916 Atlantic hurricane season. Owing to a paucity of weather observations in the region, the precise location of the storm was not known contemporaneously until it was already traversing the Virgin Islands as a fully-fledged hurricane. According to a reanalysis of the hurricane in 2008, conducted by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, the storm began just southeast of Barbados as a tropical depression on October 6. Over the next three days, it traveled on a northwestward course into the Caribbean Sea.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Meteorological history
Winds in the southern Lesser Antilles remained low as the system passed between Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent on October 7. However, the emergence of low air pressures in Dominica prompted the United States Weather Bureau to begin monitoring the disturbance, requesting additional weather observations to better diagnose the developing tropical cyclone. The tropical storm strengthened into a hurricane on October 9.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Meteorological history
Curving towards the north, the storm intensified quickly and made landfall on the Danish West Indies at Saint Croix on the evening of October 9. According to a Weather Bureau report published in the Monthly Weather Review, "The storm was of small area and of great intensity."


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Meteorological history
An air pressure of 963 mbar (hPa; 28.44 inHg) was registered on the island, lower than any other reading in the island's history; based on this reading, the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project estimated that the hurricane possessed maximum sustained winds of at least 110 mph (175 km/h) during its passage through the Virgin Islands, equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale. The project also noted that the storm may have been a major hurricane at landfall. Gusts may have been as high as 140–160 mph (225–255 km/h).


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Meteorological history
After crossing the islands, the hurricane continued north, its winds increasing further to a peak of 120 mph (195 km/h) southeast of Bermuda on October 12. A ship caught in the hurricane that day reported winds of 105 mph (195 km/h). The storm curved towards the northeast and weakened following this peak intensity, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on October 14; the system continued its trajectory into the northern Atlantic before it was absorbed by another extratropical cyclone east of Newfoundland on October 15.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Windward Islands and Puerto Rico
Inclement weather prevailed over the Windward Islands between October 7–8, yielding the storm's only discernible effects during its unclear origins. The developing system generated rough seas off Dominica; damaging waves in Roseau advanced well-inland. Jetties and shore roads were washed away by the surf. Parts of coastal villages and small craft were lost to the heavy seas. Buildings that had stood for 60–70 years were destroyed. Rural parts of the island experienced significant damage. Similar seas were reported on the evening of October 8 at Basseterre in Saint Kitts, where waves overtopped the island's seawall.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Windward Islands and Puerto Rico
Strong winds swept over eastern Puerto Rico on October 9 as the hurricane passed to the east. At San Juan, peak winds were just under gale-force, while winds faster than 50 mph (80 km/h) were measured farther east. At Naguabo, the winds held at or above gale-force for 14 hours, with a peak velocity of 70–75 mph (115–120 km/h). Buildings on a mostly abandoned U.S. naval station on Culebra were destroyed by the storm.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Virgin Islands
The hurricane greatly affected the entire Virgin Islands archipelago between the evening of October 9 through the morning of October 10. The islands' resources were already strained due to World War I, exacerbating the hurricane's impacts and thwarting measures implemented by the colonial authorities to bolster the economy of the Danish West Indies. One account called it the most destructive storm since the 1867 San Narciso hurricane. The American consulate in the Danish West Indies sent a cablegram to the U.S. State Department remarking that the hurricane was "the most disastrous known".


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Virgin Islands
Accounts of the hurricane in The Bulletin and Lightbourn's Mail Notes, newsletters in Saint Thomas, made similar judgements, as did American archaeologist Theodoor de Booy. There was little warning in advance of the storm's approach: the U.S. Weather Bureau transmitted general notices of the hurricane's path to points in the West Indies on October 8 while hurricane signals were sounded on the Virgin Islands on the afternoon of October 9 hours before landfall, leaving little time for residents to batten down.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas
Account of the storm in The Bulletin, October 11, 1916


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas
Of the Danish West Indies, Saint Thomas experienced the most severe effects from the hurricane. Nearly every building on the island incurred damage, and several among them were destroyed. Many buildings that remained standing were nonetheless wrecked beyond repair. Slave cabins were separated from their foundations and smashed into flinders against other buildings or trees. The severity of impacts was largely uniform throughout the island, though Savanne and Frenchman's Hill were most seriously affected. Severe flooding occurred in Charlotte Amalie, Frenchtown, and Lindbergh Bay.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas
The 6–10 ft (1.8–3.0 m) storm surge tore buildings away from their foundations and inundated large tracts of land. Extensive losses were wrought upon shipping. The harbor at Saint Thomas, normally shielded from most tropical disturbances, saw extensive impacts; the harbor was most susceptible to a hurricane approaching from the south, as was the case in the 1916 hurricane. Steamers were grounded upon the island by the force of the wind-driven waves. Beached ships included the ocean liners Calabria and Wasgenwald of the Hamburg America Line and the Danish dredge St. Hilda.


1916 Virgin Islands hurricane, Impact, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas
Calabria and Wasgenwald, both German ships, were interned in the Danish West Indies since the start of World War I. Calabria was considered a total loss and St. Hilda was reduced to smaller fragments. Two other Danish ships were severely damaged and many smaller vessels capsized. The distress vessel Blandford was the only ship in the harbor not moved from her moorings. Two electric harbor cranes operated by the West Indian Company and built to withstand a 100-mph (160 km/h) wind were mangled and partially strewn in the sea. Recent additions to the Saint Thomas harbor also sustained heavy blows. A machine shop was swept away by the sea.