1905 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1905 Chicago Maroons football team represented the University of Chicago during the 1905 Western Conference football season. In coach Amos Alonzo Stagg's 14th year as head coach, the Maroons finished with an 11–0 record (7–0 Western) and outscored opponents 271 to 5. The Maroons were retroactively named national champions by the Billingsley Report, the Helms Athletic Foundation, the National Championship Foundation, and the Houlgate System.


1905 Chicago Physicians and Surgeons football team
The 1905 Chicago Physicians and Surgeons football team was an American football team that represented the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago  in the 1905 college football season. Their only game was a 0–30 loss against Illinois.


1905 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1905, Democrat Edward F. Dunne defeated Republican John Maynard Harlan and Socialist John Collins.


1905 Chicago mayoral election
This was the final regularly-scheduled Chicago mayoral election for a two-year term. Subsequent elections have been for four-year terms.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Incumbent Democrat Carter Harrison Jr. had, shortly after his 1903 reelection, declared that he would not seek an additional term in 1905. While there was a possibility he could reverse course and seek another term, by 1905 he was facing declining prospects of winning nomination to a fifth consecutive term. Labor unions had come out in support of municipal ownership of the city's streetcars, a stance that Harrison had neither adopted nor was keen on adopting. He was out-of step with the political tides on this issue, as both parties had come to regularly support the idea of municipal ownership.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Municipal ownership was a particularly immensely important item to the city's reformers. Harrison had also fractured political relations during the course of the 1904 elections, particularly having made an enemy of William Randolph Hearst and his allies by opposing Hearst's campaign for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination. Additionally, many Chicagoans were growing impatient with Harrison's inability to resolve the city's traction issue. Even before this rise in public dissatisfaction towards his mayoralty, Harrison had only eked out a relatively narrow margin of victory in the city's previous mayoral election. Thus, Harrison decided to announce that, on November 21, 1904, he would indeed not be seeking a fifth consecutive term as mayor.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
At the same time that Harrison was seeing a decline in his political prospects, Edward F. Dunne began to rise in prominence. On June 26, 1904, at a Democratic Party picnic, Dunne delivered a speech in which he criticized Harrison for not towing the party's line in its support municipal ownership. Rumors immediately arose that he would challenge Harrison by running as an independent candidate, but Dunne denied this, declaring that he was a loyal Democrat.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Former judge William Prentice (a leader of the Chicago Federation of Labor) said that he would run as an independent candidate in support of municipal ownership unless Dunne was the Democratic nominee. In November 1904 Dunne declined a nomination from the Municipal Ownership League to run for mayor as a third-party candidate under their banner.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Murray F. Tuley of the Municipal Ownership League heralded a January draft effort to convince Dunne to run for the Democratic nomination, issuing an open letter on January 15, 1905 calling on Dever to run. On January 23, 1905 delegations from 23 of Chicago's 35 wards urged Dunne to run. Dunne declared he was willing to accept the nomination, but that he would not resign his seat as a judge until he began campaigning. He also pledged to accept no corporate donations.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Dunne had an easy path to the nomination. While the Harrison-aligned Democratic Central Committee did not issue any endorsement, Dune was strongly supported by both the Bryan-Altgeld and Hearst wings of the party. He experienced no strong opposition from the ward bosses or from the Sullivan-Hopkins wing of the party. Despite receiving strong buzz as a prospective candidate, alderman  William Emmett Dever did not run against Dunne.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
At the party's February nominating convention, Dunne was nominated by acclamation. In his acceptance speech he declared that his central issue as mayor would be implementing municipal ownership of the city's streetcars.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
To compete with Dunne, then the frontrunner for the Democratic nomination, Republicans nominated  maverick Republican John Maynard Harlan. Republicans hoped that Harlan might be able to capture some of the support that Dunne would otherwise capture from supporters of municipal ownership. Harlan had campaigned in 1897 on a platform strongly supporting municipal ownership. However, unlike Dunne, Harlan did not back immediate municipal ownership in 1905.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
In addition to previously having run a third-party effort 1897, Harlan had run for the Republican nomination in 1901 and in 1903.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
Harlan had served an Alderman for two years (1896 through 1898), and was the son of then-sitting United States Supreme Court Associate Justice John Marshall Harlan.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Socialist primary
The Socialists were coming off of a strong performance 1904 United States presidential election in Illinois. Despite this, the party had initially pledged that it would not run its own mayoral candidate if Dunne were to run. However, despite Dunne's presence atop the Democratic ticket, the party nominated John Collins for mayor.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
A judge on the Cook County Circuit Court, Dunne had no prior executive experience. His positions were relatively mainstream among municipal reformers ("social reformers" and "urban liberals") . Like other municipal reformers, Dunne favored having political power be shared with the lower echelons of society rather than being exclusively held by the upper echelons. He also was supportive of labor unions. He was tolerant towards ethnic and cultural diversity and also tolerant towards those with disabilities and impairments. He was a contemporary with progressive leaders of both parties in other American cities, including Tom L. Johnson, Samuel M. Jones, Mark Pagan, Hazen Pingree, and Brand Whitlock.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne was so passionate about municipal ownership that he aspired to, ultimately, have his life be remembered most for two things: being the mayor that would bring municipal ownership to Chicago's transit system and for being the father to his thirteen children. He strongly favored immediate municipal ownership.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne's lack of campaign experience did not hamper him, as he ran a very strong and well-organized campaign. To drive turnout among Democratic voters, Dunne held party rallies in each of the city's wards and delivered remarks aimed at appealing towards strong-Democrats, as well as remarks aimed at winning over the city's ethnic voters. Dunne worked to unite the various wings of the party around support for immediate municipal ownership. Dunne also made active efforts to court independent voters, with the goal of winning-over at least 50,000.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne largely avoided endorsing or opposing the reelection campaigns of several ward bosses. However, he did endorse a few that had strongly supported immediate municipal ownership and oppose a few that had opposed it. For instance, in the 19th Ward he supported immediate municipal ownership proponent Simon O'Donnell's challenge to John Powers, an opponent of immediate municipal ownership. Even then, however, he only went as far as lending his support to O'Donnell, and did not directly criticize Powers. In the First Ward, where Michael Kenna enthusiastically backed both Dunne and immediate municipal ownership, Dunne returned the favor by endorsing Kenna.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
In 1905, Harlan did not support immediate municipal ownership. While de supported making "ample provision for municipal ownership and operation", he stated that he believed that this could only be implemented at a later date when, "the city can be legally and financially able to successfully adopt it". This differed from his past stance on municipal ownership, and was quite similar to the stance that Carter Harrison Jr. had held.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Some reformers supported and campaigned on behalf of Harlan. However, many reformers that had supported Harlan's previous 1897 campaign supported Dunne's candidacy instead. Many were dissatisfied with his sudden change in position on the traction issue.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Harlan garnered the support of Harold L. Ickes, William Kent, Raymond Robbins, and Graham Taylor, who together formed the "Non Partisan Harlan Club" to support his candidacy. They supported Harlan due to his strong support for a new municipal charter and out of disapproval of Dunne's political alliances with the Democratic political bosses of the city's wards.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Not only was Harlan opposed by notable figures that had endorsed him in 1897, but he also found significant levels of support from groups which had opposed him in 1897. These included the city's business and banking community, establishment members of the Republican Party, and Republican-leaning newspapers.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Dunne's number of votes was the most votes any candidate had ever received in a Chicago mayoral election, up to that time.


1905 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Dunne received 64.99% of the Polish-American vote, while Harlan received 29.73% and Collins received 4.78%.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
The 1905 Chicago Teamsters' strike was a sympathy strike and lockout by the United Brotherhood of Teamsters in the summer of 1905 in the city of Chicago, Illinois. The strike was initiated by a small clothing workers' union. But it soon spread as nearly every union in the city, including the Teamsters, supported the job action with sympathy strikes. Initially, the strike was aimed at the Montgomery Ward department store, but it affected almost every employer in the metropolitan region after the Teamsters walked out. The strike eventually pitted the Teamsters against the Employers' Association of Chicago, a broad coalition of business owners formed a few years earlier to oppose unionization in Chicago.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
The strike was a violent and deadly one. Riots erupted on April 7 and continued almost daily until mid-July. Hundreds and sometimes thousands of striking workers and their supporters would clash with strikebreakers and armed police each day. By late July, when the strike ended, 21 people had been killed and a total of 416 injured. It was the second-most deadly labor dispute in 20th-century American history, surpassed only by the East St. Louis Riot of 1917.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
Court testimony in late summer revealed that various businessmen (including the general manager of Montgomery Ward) had taken bribes to lock out their workers. The testimony also revealed that union leaders had asked for and received bribes to end their strikes. The testimony significantly undercut public support for labor unions, and the strike quickly collapsed. The strike is generally considered to have lasted 103 days from the date the Teamsters entered the fray on April 6 until its conclusion on July 19, when most unions voted to withdraw from the dispute.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
The strike is considered one of the most important of early 20th century American history because of its violence, the strength and depth of inter-union solidarity, and the way it dramatically weakened public support for unions nationwide.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Background
The Employers' Association of Chicago (the EA) was formed in 1902 during a strike against telephone equipment manufacturers.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Background
In January 1902, Brass Molder's Union Local 83 struck Stromberg-Carlson and Western Electric, seeking to win the closed shop in collective bargaining negotiations. The employers locked out the workers and brought in strikebreakers. Union members began to physically attack the strikebreakers. On May 7, 1903, the union struck the Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company. Kellogg Switchboard, too, locked out its workforce and hired strikebreakers. The Teamsters Joint Council of Chicago, a citywide organization of all Teamster locals in the Chicago area, began a sympathy strike on June 24, 1903. The three employers sought injunctions against the sympathy strike, which they won on July 20, 1903. The Brass Molders' strike collapsed soon afterward.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Background
During this strike, the Employers' Association of Chicago was formed. John G. Shedd, vice-president of Marshall Field & Company, was the primary force behind the organization of the group. Shedd became the group's first president. Montgomery Ward president Robert J. Thorne was the EA's first vice-president; grocery store president Frank H. Armstrong of Reid, Murdoch & Company the second vice-president; and William E. Clow, president of plumbing manufacturer J.B. Clow & Co. the secretary. The EA's goal was to secure the open shop, resist unionization, and break unions in workplaces where they existed. The EA was heavily funded by the city's banks and by large companies such as Rand McNally.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Background
The Teamsters quickly became the target of the EA. The Teamsters were one of the largest unions in Chicago. But since the Teamsters controlled the city's transportation network, the union's support was also critical to the success of any other union's job action. In early 1904, the Teamsters aligned all their contracts to expire simultaneously on May 1, 1905. The EA then passed a resolution on June 16, 1904, declaring that no employer would sign a contract with the Teamsters after May 1, 1905.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
On December 15, 1904, 19 clothing cutters at Montgomery Ward went on strike to protest the company's use of nonunion subcontractors. The manager of the fabric cutting room for Montgomery Ward & Co. at the time of the initial incident was C.V. Boller. The Montgomery Ward company locked the remaining workers out. Sympathy strikes by several tailors' unions broke out, as did sympathy strikes by other unions. By April, 5,000 workers were on the picket line, with all 26 local members of the National Tailors' Association (a coalition of clothing manufacturers and retailers) struck.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
The Teamsters engaged in a sympathy strike on April 6, 1905, adding another 10,000 members to the picket lines. Teamsters President Cornelius Shea targeted Montgomery Ward and Sears, Roebuck and Company in particular, as these were the leaders in the National Tailors' Association. The sympathy strike had not occurred earlier in the year for fear it would have imperiled the candidacy of Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne for Mayor of Chicago.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
Violence broke out and continued almost daily until mid-July. Riots occurred on April 7 when Montgomery Ward attempted to use wagons driven by strikebreakers to deliver raw materials and finished goods. The most serious that day involved 1,000 striking workers and sympathizers, who attacked several heavily guarded wagons on Union Street. On April 29, a crowd of 1,000 striking workers and sympathizers clashed with police, and three people were shot and two stabbed. Mayor Dunne immediately banned the carrying of firearms. On May 4, a riot involving more than 5,000 people coursed through the city's streets.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
Strikers hurled bricks and stones, and assaulted any African American or wagon driver caught on the streets. Police, strikers and strikebreakers used clubs and firearms against one another. During a stone-throwing melee on the Rush Street bridge, strikebreakers opened fire on striking workers, leading to one death. "Slugging"—the beating of non-union workers or union members who crossed picket lines—became common.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
The EA mustered its substantial resources to break the Teamsters' support for the striking tailors. The EA collected $250,000 (about $6.7 million in 2017 dollars) from its members to hire strikebreakers. The EA also raised $1 million (about $27 million in 2017 dollars) to establish, on April 13, the Employers' Teaming Association-a new company which, within a matter of weeks, bought out a large number of team owners and imported hundreds of African American strikebreakers from St. Louis to work as teamsters and drive the wagons. Mark Morton, president of Morton Salt and an EA member, convinced the railroads to pressure the remaining team owners to lock out their Teamster members as well. In response, the unions organized a boycott of all banks involved in the fundraising efforts.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
With the garment workers' strike all but forgotten, the tailors' union asked that the other unions end their sympathy strikes. The Teamsters, the critical union in the strike, agreed to do so if the employers would agree to rehire all striking workers. But on April 23, Montgomery Ward declared it would defer to the decision of the Employers' Association, and the EA announced a day later that no striking workers should be rehired.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
Infuriated, the Teamsters called another 25,000 members off the job on April 25, 1905, paralyzing grocery stores, warehouses, railway shippers, department stores and coal companies. On April 30, the EA and its members then sued nearly every union involved in the strike. Local and state courts issued numerous injunctions against the unions, ordering them to stop picketing and return to work. Historians point out that court actions strongly favored the employers.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
When a wagon owner refused to do business with Montgomery Ward for fear the Teamsters would picket him, a court forced the team owner to do business with the retailer or be found in contempt of court. In another case, a judge seated a grand jury whose foreman was A. A. McCormick, the reactionary publisher of the Chicago Evening Post.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
The writs were sweeping in nature. One of the first, if interpreted literally and enforced, would have stripped the unions of their rights to strike:


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
:You are enjoined and restrained from in any manner molesting, interfering with, hindering, obstructing or stopping any of Montgomery Ward & Co.'s agents, servants and employés in the lawful operation and business of the company at Chicago or elsewhere, and also from molesting, interfering with, hindering, obstructing or stopping any person going to or from the company's place of business.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
On April 29, 12 prominent labor leaders in Chicago—including Charles Dold, president of the Chicago Federation of Labor; Shea; and 10 other local Teamster presidents—were indicted on six counts of conspiracy to restrain trade, commit violence, and prevent citizens from obtaining work.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
The unions appealed to President Theodore Roosevelt on May 7, asking him to investigate the causes of the strike. The unions also requested that the president refuse to send troops to Chicago before investigating the status of the strike first. On May 10, Dold, Shea and other strike leaders met with Roosevelt personally in Chicago. Roosevelt refused to mediate an end to the strike, denounced the use of violence in the strike, and warned the labor leaders to settle the strike quickly before federal military intervention was needed.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
With no collective bargaining negotiations scheduled, much of the strike's activities occurred in the courts in May, June and July. Shea refused to appear in court to provide pre-trial testimony regarding the April 29 indictment. When threatened with jail for contempt of court, he finally appeared but answered all questions with variations of "I don't know." The injunctions also began having an effect. In late May, nearly all the building trade unions in Chicago agreed to return to work, significantly weakening the strike.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
Shea's handling of the strike came under fire from the executive board of the international Teamsters union. On May 27, the board removed Shea from day-to-day control of the strike and transferred that authority to itself.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike
After these developments, talks to end the strike began. Agreement was reached on a wide range of issues between May 24 and June 2. But despite threats by Shea to call 8,000 truck drivers out on strike, clothing stores unaffiliated with the EA refused to break ranks and settle with the Teamsters. The strike continued.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
The strike ended not through the efforts of the EA or the unions, but due to the allegations of graft made by John C. Driscoll. At the time, Driscoll was secretary (the highest officer) of the Team Owners' Association, the employer group which had locked out the Teamsters after the sympathy strike which began on April 6. On June 2, the grand jury led by McCormick heard testimony by Driscoll. Driscoll claimed that he had taken at least $10,000 in bribes from Thorne and executives at other companies to force the unions out on strike.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
Driscoll also alleged that the Teamsters and other unions had demanded bribes to end the strike, that the bribes had been delivered, and that Driscoll had skimmed portions of these bribes into his own pocket. $50,000 in canceled checks were produced in court to support Driscoll's claims. Driscoll's accusations unleashed a flood of allegations by other witnesses. Shea and another Teamsters leader, Albert Young, accused Thorne and other employers of offering them bribes to strike business competitors, and offered evidence in court of previous bribes which the Teamster leaders had accepted (and which had led to large strikes). Thorne and other employers countered that Shea and other union leaders had asked for bribes ranging from $20,000 to $50,000 to call off the current strike. On June 3, the grand jury returned bribery and conspiracy indictments against Shea and 19 other union leaders, but none against the employers.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
The development was not unsurprising. Each side knew the other was taking bribes early in the strike. Charges of bribery were levied against the leaders of the strike as early as April 16, but were generally ignored. The unions levied their own accusations of bribery against the employers during legal hearings on May 12.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
The evening of June 3, Thorne swore out arrest warrants for Shea on charges of criminal libel for making in-court accusations of bribery.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
The arrest infuriated Shea. Late that evening, having made bail, he convened an emergency meeting of the Teamster executive board. Ensuring that primarily his supporters attended the meeting, Shea pushed through several resolutions calling for the end to peace talks, reaffirming support for the strike, and praising Shea's handling of the strike. Although negotiations with the employers had nearly reached complete agreement, Shea withdrew his negotiators and repudiated the tentative agreements which had been reached.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
Shea was arrested again on June 5, this time for failing to pay bond regarding the June 3 conspiracy indictment.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Strike's end
Although the bribery accusations undercut both sides, public support for the unions suffered most. While nearly every union continued to support the strike publicly, most sent their members back to work by the end of June. The Teamsters continued to support the strike, but various divisions of the union also went back to work in June and July. By August 1, 1905, the strike was over and the employers ended the lockout.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Impact
The strike significantly strengthened the EA, which in the next few years fiercely attacked the Teamsters and other unions for corruption. By the mid-1920s, unionization rates in Chicago had fallen dramatically, and even the once-powerful Chicago Teamsters unions had shrunk to a small, relatively ineffective force.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Impact
The strike also caused public support for unions throughout the U.S. to fall. By 1910, due to the publicity surrounding Driscoll's allegations as well as widespread labor-related violence, American labor unions had lost much of the sway over public opinion they once held. In many ways, some scholars argue, labor unions in the United States never recovered this support.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Impact
Nearly half the Teamster members who went on strike were not rehired. Most were blackballed and had to find work outside the city.


1905 Chicago teamsters' strike, Impact
Cornelius Shea, although indicted three times, was never convicted of any crimes in connection with the 1905 strike. A serious challenge to his control of the Teamsters emerged in August 1905, but he was able to beat back the opposition through a combination of vote fraud and bribery.


1905 Chichester by-election
The Chichester by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. It was held on 2 June 1905 after the incumbent Conservative MP Lord Edmund Talbot was appointed as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury and he was obliged to stand again in a ministerial by-election. It was retained by Talbot.


1905 Chichester by-election, Vacancy
Lord Edmund Talbot had been Conservative MP for the seat of Chichester since the 1894 Chichester by-election. He was appointed as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury and he was obliged to stand again in a ministerial by-election.


1905 Chichester by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Conservative since creation in 1868. Lord Edmund Talbot held the seat at the last election, unopposed:


1905 Chichester by-election, Electoral history
Talbot had always been returned unopposed. The last contest in the constituency came in 1892, when the Conservative out-polled the Liberal by nearly two to one.


1905 Chichester by-election, Candidates
The local Conservative Association re-selected 50 year-old Lord Edmund Talbot as their candidate to defend the seat. The local Liberal Association selected 33 year-old John Ernest Allen as their candidate to challenge for the seat. Allen was a Barrister-at-law, who had been educated at both Oxford and Cambridge Universities where he gained a Master of Arts.


1905 Chichester by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was fixed for the 2 June 1905, the day after the 1905 Whitby by-election. On the eve of poll, the Liberals gained Whitby from the Conservatives.


1905 Chichester by-election, Result
The Conservatives held the seat with their lowest majority since 1885:


1905 Chichester by-election, Aftermath
At the following General Election, Talbot again held the seat, the result was:


1905 Chinese boycott
The Chinese Boycott of 1905 was a large-scale boycott of American goods in Qing dynasty that began on 10 May 1905. The catalyst was the Gresham-Yang Treaty of 1894, which was an extension of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. An indirect cause was the years of violence against Chinese immigrants, most recently in San Francisco plague of 1900–1904.


1905 Chinese boycott
The boycott lasted for almost one year and garnered support from all major Chinese organizations. It came to an end when the Qing government revoked its support for the boycott. Ultimately the boycott did not change any discriminatory laws in the US; however, the Chinatown raids eventually ceased. The boycott extended across to the Chinese diaspora in the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and Hawaii.


1905 Chinese boycott, Causes, US legislative history on excluding Chinese
The Chinese were brought to the U.S. under a contract system to help with the construction of the pacific coast railroad. A treaty negotiated by the Secretary William H. Seward called The Burlingame Treaty of 1868 allowed unlimited freedom for the Chinese to immigrate to the United States. The treaty also prohibited the U.S. from meddling into China's internal affairs as well as granted American citizens privilege in China. By 1880 The U.S. modified the treaty to restrict the immigration of Chinese workers with the approval of China. Two years later in 1882 congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act that required Chinese immigrants residing in the United States to carry identification papers with them at all times. Extensions of the act include the 1888 Scott Act, 1892 Geary Act and, 1894 Gresham-Yang Treaty.


1905 Chinese boycott, Causes, US legislative history on excluding Chinese, 1894 Treaty
The 1894 Gresham-Yang Treaty automatically extended for 10 years after its expiration on December 7, 1904 unless further negotiation was made. It was the further negotiation in May 1905 at Beijing that sparked the boycott. Just before the boycott, US sent her new ambassador, William Woodville Rockhill, to Beijing.


1905 Chinese boycott, Causes, Violence against Chinese immigrants
First it was Boston Chinatown immigration raid in 1903. Then San Francisco plague of 1900–1904.


1905 Chinese boycott, The boycott
The boycott originated when the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association of San Francisco called upon the people of China to pressure the United States into treating the Chinese immigrants in America better. Afterwards, telegrams were sent out by Tseng Shao-Ching, leader of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce to merchants to boycott American products; if the merchant refuse, the boycott committee would ensure that they follow their instructions.


1905 Chinese boycott, Timeline
Chinese immigrants were brought to the U.S. under a contract system to help with the construction of the Pacific Coast railroad. The Burlingame Treaty of 1868 was negotiated by Secretary William H. Seward allowed unlimited freedom for the Chinese to immigrate to the United States. A majority of Chinese migrated out of China to go to the United States suffered a huge amount of discrimination and prejudice compared to Chinese who have gone to other countries.


1905 Chinese boycott, Timeline
Several events lead up to the boycott of 1905. These events were regarded as attempts to expel the Chinese from America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.


1905 Chinese boycott, Organizations involved
The boycott drew support from many major Chinese organizations, including


1905 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1905 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the National League with a record of 79 wins and 74 losses, 26 games behind the New York Giants.


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The Reds were coming off a third-place finish in 1904, as they went 88–65, eighteen games behind the powerful New York Giants. The 88 wins by Cincinnati was their highest total since 1898.


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Player-manager Joe Kelley returned for his fourth season. Kelley moved from first base to the outfield, as the Reds acquired first baseman Shad Barry from the Chicago Cubs very early in the 1905 season. Some other new faces on the team included pitcher Orval Overall, who went 32–25 with a 2.78 ERA in 56 starts with the Tacoma Tigers of the Pacific Coast League in 1904, and pitcher Charlie Chech, who joined Cincinnati from the St. Paul Saints of the American Association. Chech had a 27–8 record in 35 starts.


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Cy Seymour had a career season, leading the National League with a .377 batting average, 219 hits, 40 doubles, 21 triples, and driving in 121 runs. Seymour also had eight home runs, second on the club. Fred Odwell led Cincinnati with nine home runs, while he had a .241 average and drove in 65 runs. Miller Huggins hit .273 with a homer and 38 RBI, while scoring a team best 117 runs and walking 103 times. Tommy Corcoran hit only .248, but he had two homers and drove in 85 runs. Barry also played well following his trade from the Cubs, hitting .324 with a homer and 56 RBI with Cincinnati.


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
With Noodles Hahn missing most of the season due to an injury, Bob Ewing emerged as the ace, going 20–11 with a 2.51 ERA. Orval Overall went 18–23 with a 2.86 ERA in 39 starts in his rookie season, while Charlie Chech went 14–14 with a 2.89 ERA in his first season. In limited action, Hahn was 5–3 with a 2.81 ERA in thirteen games, eight of them starts.


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
The Reds got off to a bad start in 1905, going 12–16 in their opening twenty-eight games, sitting in fifth place, 10.5 games behind the New York Giants. To make matters worse, the Reds lost ace pitcher Noodles Hahn to an arm injury. Cincinnati stayed around the .500 mark until going on an eight-game winning streak to up their record to 32–24, and found themselves in third place, 6.5 games back. The team then won only three of thirteen games to fall back into fifth, 14.5 games behind the Giants. The Reds played out the rest of the season in fifth place, as they finished with a 79–74 record, 26 games behind New York.


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Cincinnati football team
The 1905 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Amos Foster, the Bearcats compiled a 4–3 record. William Foley was the team captain. The team played its home games at Carson Field in Cincinnati.


1905 City of Wellington by-election
The 1905 City of Wellington by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of City of Wellington, a multi-member urban seat at the bottom of the North Island.


1905 City of Wellington by-election
The by-election was held on 6 April 1905, and was precipitated by the death of sitting Liberal member of parliament George Fisher.


1905 City of Wellington by-election
The by-election was won by Fisher's son Francis Fisher who stood as an Independent Liberal. Fisher beat Charles Izard and John Hutcheson. Izard would be successful in the Wellington North electorate in the 1905 election later in the year, and Hutcheson had previously represented the electorate.


1905 City of Wellington by-election, Results
Fisher would represent the electorate until his defeat at the 1914 election.


1905 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1905 Clemson Tigers football team represented the Clemson Tigers of Clemson Agricultural College during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Under first year head coach Eddie Cochems, the team posted a 3–2–1 record. Puss Derrick was the captain. John de Saulles rated Clemson as the third best team in the SIAA.


1905 Cleveland Naps season
The 1905 Cleveland Naps season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 76–78, 19 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics. The Naps were 52-29 on July 24th, and held a three game lead in the American League, but they were only 24-49 after that point, and finished two games under .500 after having been 23 games over .500


1905 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Colgate football team
The 1905 Colgate football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In its third season under head coach Buck O'Neill, the team compiled a 5–4 record. Walter Runge was the team captain. The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.


1905 Colgate football team
After the 1905 season, Buck O'Neill left Colgate to become head football coach at Syracuse. He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1905 College Baseball All-Southern Team
The 1905 College Baseball All-Southern Team consists of baseball players selected at their respective positions after the 1905 college baseball season.


1905 College Football All-America Team
The 1905 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams for the 1905 college football season. The organizations that chose the teams included Walter Camp for Collier's Weekly and Caspar Whitney for Outing Magazine.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1905 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Vanderbilt won the SIAA championship. Virginia Tech, an independent school, lost only to Navy and claims a southern championship for 1905.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Consensus eleven
The All-Southern eleven representing the consensus of newspapers as published in Fuzzy Woodruff's A History of Southern Football 1890-1928 included:


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
C = consensus of newspapers published in Fuzzy Woodruff's A History of Southern Football 1890-1928.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
WRT = selected by W. Reynolds Tichenor of Auburn, published in the Atlanta Journal. He had a first and second team.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
H = selected John Heisman. It had a second and third team.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
BW = selected by Bradley Walker, celebrated southern official. He had a first and second team.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
HY = selected by coach H. C. Hyatt of the University of the South.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
AL = selected by coach Jack Leavenworth of the University of Alabama.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
AJ = An attempt at a composite by the Journal, "players most favored by experts"


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
WMR = selected by professor W. M. Riggs of Clemson University.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
NB = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal. He picked Vanderbilt's whole eleven.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
M = selected by a Memphis writer. His first team was Vanderbilt's eleven.


1905 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
RR = selected by coach R. R. Brown of Washington and Lee University.


1905 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1905 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1905 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach John H. McIntosh, the Aggies compiled a 3–4 record and were outscored by a total of 95 to 67.


1905 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1905 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1905 college football season. The team left the Colorado Football Association, becoming an independent, only to return to the CFA for the following season. As of 2015, CU terms this decision as "rules/membership disputes." Head coach Willis Kienholz led the team to an 8–1 record in his only season.


1905 Columbia Blue and White football team
The 1905 Columbia Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Bill Morley, the team compiled a 4–3–2 record and was outscored by a total of 109 to 77. The team's three losses were to undefeated national champion Yale, undefeated Penn, and Princeton. John R. Fisher was the team captain.


1905 Columbia Blue and White football team
Columbia's sports teams were commonly called the "Blue and White" in this era, but had no official nickname. The name "Lions" would not be adopted until 1910.


1905 Columbia Blue and White football team
The team played its home games at the American League Park, a baseball park in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan in New York City, and also the home field of the New York Yankees.


1905 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
The Columbus mayoral election of 1905 was the 55th mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio. Incumbent Republican mayor Robert H. Jeffrey retired from office after one term. Democratic party nominee De Witt C. Badger defeated Republican party nominee Winfield Scott Potter.


1905 Connecticut Aggies football team
The 1905 Connecticut Aggies football team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1905 college football season. This was the tenth year that the school fielded a football team. The Aggies were led by fourth year head coach Edwin O. Smith, and completed the season with a record of 2–2.


1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game
The 1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game was a college football game between Cooper College (now Sterling College) and Fairmount College (now Wichita State University) played on October 6, 1905, at Association Field in Wichita  The game was played at night under gas lamps as a demonstration by the Coleman Company and was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won by a score of 24–0.


1905 Cooper vs. Fairmount football game, Aftermath
Several other attempts had been made in the eastern United States toward the means of playing football at night, beginning in 1892 with the first night football game that ended at halftime. Since that game, other attempts in the east grew to be successful, but this was the first time such an attempt was made west of the Mississippi River. The use of lighting was considered successful.


1905 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The 1905 Copa de Honor Cousenier was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa de Honor Cousenier, the 1st. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Uruguayan side Club Nacional de Football and Argentine team Alumni.


1905 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The match was held in the Estadio Gran Parque Central in Montevideo, on September 10, 1905. Nacional beat Alumni 3–2 with goals by Rincón (2) and de Castro, achieving its first Cousenier trophy.


1905 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey  1905 was the 3rd staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1905 Copa del Rey
The competition started on April 16, 1905, and concluded on April 20, 1905, with the last group stage match, in which Madrid FC lifted the trophy for the first time ever with 2 victories over San Sebastián Recreation Club and Athletic Bilbao. The three teams entered in the competition to dispute the tournament playing against each other in three games. Catalonia championship was not over and could not send a participant.


1905 Copa del Rey Final
The 1905 Copa del Rey Final was the third final of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition. The match took place on 18 April 1905 at the Hipódromo, Madrid. The match was contested by Athletic Bilbao and Madrid CF. Madrid was awarded the trophy for the first time after defeating Athletic Bilbao 1–0.


1905 Cork City by-election
The Cork City by-election, 1905 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Cork City on 14 June 1905. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, J. F. X. O'Brien of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, Augustine Roche representing the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.


1905 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1905 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 19th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1905 Cork Senior Football Championship
Fermoy won the championship following a defeat of Carbery Rangers in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1900.


1905 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1905 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was supposed to be the 19th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship, however, due to a delay in the completion of the 1904 championship it never took place.


1905 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
St. Finbarr's were subsequently awarded the title after winning the 1906 championship.


1905 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1905 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1905 college football season. In their fourth, non-consecutive season under head coach Pop Warner, the Big Red compiled a 6–4 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 173 to 59. Two Cornell players received honors on the 1905 College Football All-America Team: guard Elmer Thompson (Walter Camp, 2nd team); and George Walder (New York Globe).


1905 County Championship
The 1905 County Championship was the sixteenth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 4 May to 4 September 1905. Yorkshire won their seventh championship title, while the previous season's winners, Lancashire, finished in fourth place. The number of participants was expanded from fifteen to sixteen, with Northamptonshire gaining first-class status, having previously played with some success in the Minor Counties Championship.


1905 Cuban general election
General elections were held in Cuba on 1 December 1905. Tomás Estrada Palma won the presidential election, whilst his Moderate Party won all twelve seats in the Senate and 31 of the 32 seats in the House of Representatives, winning 27 of the 63 seats. Voter turnout was 74.0%.


1905 Cuban general election, Aftermath
The election results were highly contested and accusations of fraud were made. Registration of voters by local electoral boards resulted in an electoral roll of 423,313, a figure American Secretary of War William Howard Taft and Assistant Secretary of State Robert Bacon declared to be 150,000 names too high. According to American professor Russell H. Fitzgibbon, La Discussion, a leading moderate newspaper, protested about electoral fraud. According to a Taft Bacon report of 1906, Freyre de Andrade, a Cuban minister, told American commissioners that it was "impossible to hold an election in Cuba without fraud" and that thousands of extra names had perhaps been added "out of spirit of mischief."


1905 Cuban general election, Aftermath
In 1906 American President Theodore Roosevelt created a Peace Commission following the Cuban rebellions of the summer of 1906. The commission was sent to Cuba to investigate the situation and "attempt to restore peace and re-establish law and Order." The Peace Commission found that the congressional elections of 1905 had been "so tainted by fraud as to render them illegal". Taft subsequently suspended the Congress.


1905 Cumberland Bulldogs football team
The 1905 Cumberland Bulldogs football team represented Cumberland University in the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA), compiling a 3–4 record.


1905 Dartmouth football team
The 1905 Dartmouth football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In its third season under head coach Fred Folsom, the team compiled a 7–1–2 record, shut out six of ten opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 150 to 34. David Main was the team captain. The team played its home games at Alumni Oval in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1905 DePauw football team
The 1905 DePauw football team was an American football team that represented the DePauw University in the 1905 college football season.


1905 Detroit College Tigers football team
The 1905 Detroit College Tigers football team  was an American football team that represented Detroit College (renamed the University of Detroit in 1911) as an independent during the 1905 college football season. Jerry Girardin was hired in mid-October as the team's head coach. The team initially had a schedule with six opponents. However, on November 9, the college's president, Rev. Kellinger, refused to allow the football team to play the Detroit University School and declared that football "as it is played today is altogether too rough" and that the game was also too expensive. In response, coach Girardin said he would never coach a team of the college again. The team was then disbanded.


1905 Detroit Tigers season
1905 was the fifth year for the Detroit Tigers in the American League. The team finished in third place with a record of 79–74 (.516), 15½ games behind the Philadelphia Athletics.


1905 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season
The 1905 Tigers were outscored by their opponents 602 to 512, the largest negative run differential ever for a Major League team with a winning record. The team's attendance at Bennett Park was 193,384, eighth out of the eight teams in the AL.


1905 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1905 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1905 Dickinson football team
The 1905 Dickinson football team was an American football team that represented Dickinson College as an independent during the 1905 college football season. The team compiled a 4–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 122 to 72. J. William Williams was the head coach.


1905 Dominion Championship
The 1905 Dominion Championship was a Canadian football game that was played on November 25, 1905 at Rosedale Field in Toronto, Ontario that determined the Senior Rugby Football champion of Canada for the 1905 season. The Canadian Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union (CIRFU) champion Toronto University team defeated the Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU) champion Ottawa Rough Riders in an 11–9 comeback victory to win their second Dominion Championship. This was the third appearance in the title game for Varsity and the fourth appearance for the Rough Riders while also being their first loss in the championship game.


1905 Dominion Championship, Background
This was the first national championship game played since 1902 since there had been disputes for the previous two years as to which rules to play under. The Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) champion Hamilton Tigers finished their season with a 6–0 record and challenged the Rough Riders for the Dominion Championship.


1905 Dominion Championship, Background
However, the Tigers did not want to travel to Ottawa to play the game and the Rough Riders did not want to go to Hamilton, so the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) banned the Tigers from playing in the game (the Tigers also played with Burnside rules whereas the Rough Riders played with traditional rugby-style rules). With a third straight year of cancellations looming, the CRU reached a rules compromise with this game whereby the first half of the game would be played under QRFU rules and the second half would be played under CIRFU rules.


1905 Dominion Championship, Background
The differences were primarily scoring-based, with trys worth four points and goal worth two points in the QRFU and trys being worth five points and goals being worth one point in the CIRFU. Additionally, in the first half, teams needed to gain five yards on third down while in the second half, teams needed 10 yards.


1905 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1905 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1905 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach John L. Griffith, the team compiled a 4–4 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 151 to 141.


1905 Drexel Dragons football team
The 1905 Drexel Dragons football team did not have a head coach.


1905 Dublin Corporation election
An election to Dublin Corporation took place in March 1905 as part of that year's Irish local elections. The election saw a small revival for Labour representatives, whilst the Unionist representation was cut by half.


1905 Dutch general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 16 June 1905. The Liberal Union remained the largest party, winning 34 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.


1905 Ecuadorian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ecuador in 1905. The result was a victory for Lizardo García, who received 93% of the vote.


1905 Edmonton municipal election
The 1905 municipal election was held December 11, 1905 for the purpose of electing a mayor and four aldermen to sit on the Edmonton City Council, as well as five public school trustees and five separate school trustees.


1905 Edmonton municipal election
There were eight aldermen on city council, but four of the positions were already filled: John R. Boyle and Thomas Bellamy were both elected to two-year terms in 1904 and were still in office (although Boyle, elected MLA in the 1905 provincial election, was to resign in May 1906), while Robert Mays and David Latta - who had been appointed to replace the resigned Charles May and Kenneth McLeod, respectively - were also still in office.


1905 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 993 ballots cast out of 1900 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 52.3%.


1905 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Public school trustees
W D Ferris, H A Gray, A E May, Alex Taylor, and Hedley C. Taylor were elected. Detailed results are no longer available.


1905 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees
Nicolas Dubois Dominic Beck, J Bilodeau, Wilfrid Gariépy, Joseph Henri Picard, and O Tessier were elected. Detailed results are no longer available.


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election
The Elgin Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Vacancy
Alexander Asher had been Liberal MP for the seat of Elgin Burghs since the 1881 Elgin Burghs by-election. He died on 5 August 1905, causing a by-election.


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Liberal since the party was founded in 1859. They easily held the seat at the last election, with a comfortable majority;


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was fixed for the 8 September 1905, 34 days after the death of the previous MP.


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Result
There was a large swing of over 11% to the Liberals who comfortably held the seat:


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Result
The result was the biggest victory that the Liberals had ever had in the constituency.


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Aftermath
Sutherland was re-elected at the following General Election. The result was:


1905 Elgin Burghs by-election, Aftermath
Rose-Innes was not his opponent and instead contested West Lothian in 1906, the 1907 Jarrow by-election and Middleton in 1910 without success. Sutherland remained as the MP until his death in 1918.


1905 English cricket season
1905 was the 16th season of County Championship cricket in England. England defeated Australia 2–0 in the Test series and Yorkshire pipped defending champions Lancashire for the championship title.


1905 English cricket season, County Championship
Yorkshire and Lancashire fought throughout the season; Lancashire were the first team to beat Yorkshire, in their ninth game, when hundreds from Reggie Spooner and Johnny Tyldesley helped Lancashire to an innings victory at Old Trafford. Lancashire went unbeaten until July, their fifteenth game, when Surrey overcame them at Aigburth, but Yorkshire were behind on the table with three losses before their match with Yorkshire at Bramall Lane. With Walter Brearley taking seven for 35 in the first innings, Lancashire took a lead of 101, but Wilfred Rhodes turned it around with 74 and four for 49. Lancashire could still have managed to take the title with wins in their final games, but a loss to Gloucestershire at Bristol while Yorkshire avoided defeat meant the title went to Yorkshire.


1905 English cricket season, County Championship
This season saw Northamptonshire join the Championship; they played twelve matches, beating Derbyshire and Hampshire to avoid the wooden spoon.


1905 English cricket season, County Championship, Final table
The final County Championship table is shown below. One point was awarded for a win, none for a draw, and minus one for a loss. Positions were decided on percentage of points over completed games.


1905 English cricket season, Ashes tour
Australia toured England in 1905, playing 35 first class matches around the British Isles. They only lost three of them, beating both champions Yorkshire and runners-up Lancashire, but two of the lost matches were Tests, and they drew the other three to lose the series 0–2. England's captain, Stanley Jackson, not only won the series, but also won the toss in all five matches and headed both the batting and the bowling averages.


1905 English cricket season, Ashes tour
Australia only took a first-innings lead in one of the matches, the first, and then Archie MacLaren responded with his highest career Test score of 140 before Bernard Bosanquet took eight for 107 and bowled England to a 213-run victory. The second Test only reached the third innings, with no play possible on the final day, while Australia survived 91 overs for the loss of seven wickets in the drawn third Test. In the fourth Test, however, they lost nine wickets for 51 on the final day, after being asked to follow on 249 behind. They lost by an innings and 80 runs, thus conceding an unassailable lead in the series before the final Test, where England made 430 and 261 for six declared to draw the game. The Australians' only other loss came at Leyton to Essex in June.


1905 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1905 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 22nd in Bonn, German Empire. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures.


1905 European Rowing Championships
The 1905 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on 27 August on the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal in the Belgian city of Ghent.


1905 FA Cup Final
The 1905 FA Cup Final was contested by Aston Villa and Newcastle United at Crystal Palace. Aston Villa were victorious, winning 2–0, with Harry Hampton scoring both goals.


1905 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji on 22 March and 8 April 1905.


1905 Fijian general election, Background
The previous general elections had been held in 1871. Although fresh elections had been due to take place in 1873, they were cancelled after protests from Europeans about the plans to let Fijians vote.


1905 Fijian general election, Background
In 1904 a new Legislative Council was established, consisting of ten official members from the civil service, six elected Europeans and two Fijians chosen by the Governor from a list of six candidates provided by the Council of Chiefs. Although Indo-Fijians were able to vote in municipal elections, voting practices in the community were considered suspect and the Governor noted that he "did not consider it necessary to provide for the representation of the Indians and Pacific Islanders because they had shown themselves open to corruption at the municipal elections." Instead, the Indo-Fijian community was represented only by the Agent-General for Immigration, one of the six civil servants in the Council.


1905 Fijian general election, Electoral system
The new constitution originally envisaged six elected members elected from four constituencies, of which two were geographic (the two-seat constituency of Suva and the one-seat constituency of Levuka) and two based on profession (a two-seat constituency of people involved in cultivating land for anything except sugar with at least 100 acres and a one-seat constituency for directors and managers of sugar companies). People involved in cultivating land were not eligible to vote in the geographic constituencies.


1905 Fijian general election, Electoral system
However, prior to the elections, the electoral system was revised to combine the two non-geographic constituencies into a three-seat "Planters" constituency, which covered all of Fiji except Levuka and Suva. Voting was held in the Planters constituency on 8 April and in Suva on 22 March.


1905 Fijian general election, Aftermath
Following the elections Josefa Lala and Joni Madraiwiwi were appointed as the Fijian members. Lala died later in the year and his place was taken by Kadavu Levu.


1905 Fijian general election, Aftermath
James Murray resigned during the term of the Council. In the subsequent by-election, Simeon Lewis Lazarus defeated H. Shaw by 105 to 62 votes, with four informal votes cast.


1905 Finsbury East by-election
The Finsbury East by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Vacancy
The vacancy came about due to the death of the sitting member, Henry Charles Richards on 1 June 1905. Richards died in a London nursing home of heart disease, aged 54. He had been Conservative MP for the seat of Finsbury East since the 1895 general election.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Conservative since Richards gained it in 1895 from the Liberals. He easily held the seat at the last election, with an increased vote share:


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives selected Nathaniel Cohen as their candidate to defend the seat. He had contested the 1900 general election as Conservative candidate for Penryn and Falmouth.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal Association re-selected 53-year-old Allen Baker to challenge for the seat. He was a Canadian- born engineer, specialising in machinery for the confectionery and bakery industries. He was a Quaker. Baker followed his father's professional footsteps and entered the family engineering business. In 1879 they set up business in Finsbury.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Candidates
As Quakers, the Baker family tried to run a model business taking a paternal interest in the welfare of their workforce and introducing schemes such as shorter working days, encouraging employees to participate in health and insurance plans and fostering a relaxed approach on the shop floor, perhaps to the detriment of profits. Baker and Sons also had connections to the motor car industry and in around 1902, the company held an agency for the American car manufacturers Stevens-Duryea. Baker had represented East Finsbury on the London County Council (LCC) as a Progressive since 1895. During his time on the LCC he acted as Chairman of the Highways Committee.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was fixed for 29 June 1905, 28 days after the death of the previous member.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Campaign
The Liberal campaign was launched with a visit from leading Liberal MP John Burns to speak on Allen Baker's platform.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Campaign
The two candidates throughout the campaign were on the most cordial of terms. However, they differed on the key issue of trade. Cohen supported Chamberlain's Imperial Preference campaign for Tariff Reform. Allen Baker's Canadian background helped him to counter this policy in support of Free trade. At the previous General Election, Allen Baker had opposed the Boer War and that stance now seemed to be of help to his campaign.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Campaign
On the eve of poll, David Lloyd George who spoke at Allen Baker's final meeting wound up the Radicals to a frenzy of excitement with one of the greatest of his election speeches.


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Result
Polling Day was wet, which usually told against the Liberal Party, but they gained the seat and recorded a massive 14.2% swing:


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Aftermath
At the 1906 general election, Baker and the Liberals held the seat with a slightly reduced majority:


1905 Finsbury East by-election, Aftermath
Cohen did not stand for parliament again, however he served on the London County Council representing the City of London from 1907 to 1911.


1905 Fordham football team
The 1905 Fordham football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1905 college football season. Fordham claims a 12–3–1 record, though College Football Data Warehouse (CFDW) lists the team's record as 5–2.


1905 Fordham football team
Eugene McGee, a former Fordham tackle who graduated in 1902, was hired in September 1905 as the team's coach following the resignation of Fred Smith. Quarterback Howard Gargan was the team captain from 1905 to 1907 and took over as head coach in 1908. The team played its home games at Fordham Field in The Bronx.


1905 Fordham football team, Schedule
The following seven games are reported in Fordham's media guide, CFDW, and contemporaneous press coverage.


1905 Fordham football team, Schedule
The following are additional games reported in the Fordham media guide.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and State (French: Loi du 9 décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des Églises et de l'État) was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on 9 December 1905. Enacted during the Third Republic, it established state secularism in France. France was then governed by the Bloc des gauches (Left Coalition) led by Emile Combes. The law was based on three principles: the neutrality of the state, the freedom of religious exercise, and public powers related to the church. This law is seen as the backbone of the French principle of laïcité (secularism). It is however not applicable in Alsace and Moselle.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, History
Prior to the French Revolution of 1789 — since the days of the conversion of Clovis I to Christianity in 508 AD — Roman Catholicism had been the state religion of France, and closely identified with the Ancien Régime. However, the revolution led to various policy changes, including a brief separation of church and state in 1795, ended by Napoleon's re-establishment of the Catholic Church as the state religion with the Concordat of 1801.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, History
An important document in the evolution toward religious liberty was Article Ten of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, stating that "No one may be disturbed on account of his opinions, even religious ones, as long as the manifestation of such opinions does not interfere with the established Law and Order." The 1871 Paris Commune had proclaimed state secularism on 3 April 1871, but it had been cancelled following the Commune's defeat.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, History
After the 16 May 1877 crisis and the victory of the Republicans at the following elections, various draft laws requesting the suppression of the Concordat of 1801 were deposed, starting with the 31 July 1879 proposition of Charles Boysset. Beginning in 1879, the French state began a gradual national secularization program starting with the removal of priests from the administrative committees of hospitals and boards of charity, and in 1880 with the substitution of lay women for nuns in hospitals. Thereafter, the Third Republic established secular education with the Jules Ferry laws in 1881–1882, which were a significant part of the firm establishment of the Republican regime in France, with religious instruction in all schools forbidden.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, History
In 1886, another law ensured secularisation of the teaching staff of the National Education.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, History
The 1901 Law of Associations, which guaranteed freedom of association, also enabled the control of religious communities and, notably, limited their influence on education. In 1903, while former Catholic seminarian Emile Combes was minister, a commission was selected to draft a bill that would establish a comprehensive separation between the state and the churches. Its president was the former Protestant pastor Ferdinand Buisson, and its minute writer, Aristide Briand.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, History
On 30 July 1904, the Chamber of Deputies voted to sever diplomatic relations with the Holy See following the sanctioning by the Holy See, of two French bishops (Albert-Léon-Marie Le Nordez and Pierre Joseph Geay) who had declared themselves Republicans and in favour of conciliation with the Republic. The relationship was not reestablished until 1921, after the Senate accepted a proposition brought by Aristide Briand.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
The 1905 law put an end to the government funding of religious groups by France and its political subdivisions. (The state had previously agreed to such funding in the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801 as compensation for the Revolution's confiscation of Church properties.) At the same time, it declared that all religious buildings were property of the state and local governments and made available for free to the church. Other articles of the law included the prohibition of affixing religious signs on public buildings, and laying down that the Republic no longer names French archbishops or bishops.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
Pope Pius X condemned the law in the February 1906 encyclical Vehementer Nos as a unilateral break of the 1801 Concordat.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
Alsace-Lorraine is still governed by the 1801 Concordat which recognises four religions, but not secularism. When the 1905 legislation superseded the Concordat elsewhere in France, Alsace-Lorraine was part of the German Empire; thus, the 1905 law has never applied there. Similarly, the law has never been applied in the overseas Department of French Guiana as it was a colony in 1905.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
Although the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State initially was a particularly "painful and traumatic event" for the Catholic Church in France, the French government began making serious strides towards reconciliation with the Catholic Church later during the 1920s by both recognizing the social impact of organized religion in France and amending the law itself through new legislation and rendering court decisions that were favorable to organized religion in France.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
In 1921 the Catholic Church and French State began a series of negotiations for "pacification of law" in respect to both civil and canon law to create a harmonious day-to-day working relationship. These negotiations culminated in 1926 when Aristide Briand negotiated the Briand-Ceretti Agreement with the Holy See whereby the state reclaimed a role in the process of choosing diocesan bishops.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
Pope Pius XII later supported what he called, "la légitime et saine laïcité". At Vatican II through the encyclical Gaudium et spes the Church recognized a belief in a non-confessional state, that the Church should not be involved in politics and that there should be a fair separation of powers marked by co-operation for the benefit of society. The Catholic Church recognizes the principle of secularism through its 2004 Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, based on the principles of Luke 20:25.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Effects
Pope John Paul II first condemned the secular governments and called for "the public profession of Christianity," but upon the 2005 centennial of the 1905 law he made more conciliatory statements, including: "The non-confessionality of the State, which is a non-involvement of the civil power in the life of the Church and of the different religions, as in the spiritual domain, enables all the parts of society to work together in the service of all and of the national community".


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
The leading figures in the creation of the law were Aristide Briand, Émile Combes, Jean Jaurès and Francis de Pressensé.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State declared that cathedrals remained the property of the state and smaller churches that of the local municipal government. Those public authorities had to hand over the buildings to religious organizations (associations cultuelles) representing associated formed of laymen, instead of putting them directly back under the supervision of the church hierarchies.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
These laymen associations created under the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State were independent legal entities having rights and responsibilities in the eyes of the law in all matters appertaining to money and properties formerly owned in France by organized religions: churches and sacred edifices, ecclesiastical property, real and personal; the residences of the bishops and priests; and the seminaries. These laymen associations were also authorized by the law to act as administrators of church property, regulate and collect the alms and the legacies destined for religious worship. The resources furnished by Catholic liberality for the maintenance of Catholic schools, and the working of various charitable associations connected with religion, were also transferred to lay associations.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
Implementation of the law was controversial, due in some part to the anti-clericalism found among much of the French political left at the time. The law angered many Roman Catholics, who had recently begun to rally to the cause of the Republic, supported by Leo XIII's Inter innumeras sollicitudines 1892 encyclical (Au Milieu des sollicitudes) and the Cardinal Lavigerie's toast in 1890 favour of the Republic.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
However, the concept of laïcité  progressively became almost universally accepted among French citizens, including members of the Catholic Church who found greater freedom from state interference in cultural matters, now that the government had completely stripped itself of its former Catholic links. The Affaire Des Fiches produced a considerable backlash, after it was discovered that the Combes government worked with Masonic lodges to create a secret surveillance of all army officers to make sure devout Catholics would not be promoted.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
A few French politicians and communities have more recently questioned the law, arguing that, despite its explicit stance for state secularism, it de facto favors traditional French religions, in particular the Catholic Church, at the expense of more recently established religions, such as Islam. Indeed, most Roman Catholic churches in the country were built well before the enactment of the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, and thus are maintained at full public expense, although not always on time and to the extent that the church would like.


1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Politics
With the exception of the historically anomalous Alsace-Lorraine, followers of Islam and other religions more recently implanted in France instead have to build and maintain religious facilities at their own expense. This was one of the arguments used by Nicolas Sarkozy, when he was Minister of Interior, to controversially argue in favour of funding other cultural centers than those of Catholicism, Protestantism and Judaism. In 2016, President Hollande proposed a temporary ban on foreign funding for mosques and shut down at least 20 mosques found to be "preaching radical Islamic ideology". These actions are consistent with Title V, Articles 26, 29, and 35 of the law.


1905 Geneva Covenanters football team
The 1905 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In their first season under head coach Archibald Leech, the Covenanters compiled a 4–6 record.


1905 George Washington Hatchetites football team
The 1905 George Washington Hatchetites Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In their first season under head coach Charles A. Barnard, the team compiled a 3–4–2 record.


1905 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team
The 1905 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team represented Georgetown University during the 1905 college football season. Led by Joe Reilly in his second year as head coach, the team went 2–7.


1905 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1905 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 1–5 record for the second straight year. The season included the second straight loss to John Heisman's Georgia Tech team (he became head coach there in 1904) and the sixth straight loss to Clemson. The only win came over non-conference opponent Dahlonega. This was the Georgia Bulldogs' final season under the guidance of head coach Marvin M. Dickinson.


1905 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball team
The 1905 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1905 college baseball season. Craig Day pitched 12 complete games. The game of the year was the victory over Duke and Arthur Bradsher.


1905 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1905 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. This is the second year for Georgia Tech under coach John Heisman.


1905 German football championship
The 1905 German football championship was the third time clubs in Germany competed for the national title under the auspices of the German Football Association (DFB). There were eleven entries into the competition, marking a new record. For the first time, the holders were given an automatic spot in the competition, taken by VfB Leipzig who had won the 1903 German football championship and had reached the final in the year before, when the competition was annulled.


1905 German football championship
The large number of participants and the differences in strength persuaded the DFB to hold preliminary rounds before the quarterfinals. However, the dire financial situation of Schlesien Breslau and VfB Leipzig led to those two teams not travelling to their matches. New matches were scheduled, making for a confusing schedule and semifinals with only three teams.


1905 German football championship
Both finalists appeared for the first time with Union 92 Berlin winning their only national title.


1905 German football championship, Competition, Second qualifying round
Breslau did not travel to Leipzig, citing financial reasons. Magdeburg were then scheduled to play Eintracht Braunschweig instead.


1905 German football championship, Competition, Quarter-finals
VfB Leipzig did not travel to the match citing financial reasons. Braunschweig were instead scheduled to play Union 92 Berlin who had originally received a bye to the semifinals.


1905 German football championship Final
The 1905 German football championship Final decided the winner of the 1905 German football championship, the 2nd edition of the German football championship, a knockout football cup competition contested by the regional league winners to determine the national champions. The match was played on 11 June 1905 at the Weidenpescher Park in Cologne. Union 92 Berlin won the match 2–0 against Karlsruher FV for their 1st German title.


1905 German football championship Final, Route to the final
The German football championship was an eleven team single-elimination knockout cup competition, featuring the champions of the regional football associations. There were a total of five rounds leading up to the final. For all matches, the winner after 90 minutes advances. If still tied, extra time was used to determine the winner.


1905 German football championship Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first.


1905 Giro di Lombardia
The 1905 Giro di Lombardia was the 1st edition of the Giro di Lombardia, a classic one-day cycle race organised by La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italy. The single day event was held on 12 November 1905. It was won by Italian Giovanni Gerbi of the Maino team.


1905 Giro di Lombardia, The race
The race started with 55 riders. Giovanni Gerbi made his winning move at a railroad crossing. He jumped up the crossing and back onto the course and rode ahead, while a few riders behind crashed. Gerbi stretched his advantage to forty minutes. Of the riders that began the race, 12 finished the course.


1905 Goldey College football team
The 1905 Goldey College football team represented Goldey College (now known as Goldey–Beacom College) in the 1905 college football season as an independent. They compiled a record of 1–4.


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
The 1905 Gordon Bennett Cup, formally titled the VI Coupe Internationale, was a motor race held on 5 July 1905 on the Auvergne Circuit in France. The race consisted of four laps of the mountainous 137.35-km (85.35-mile) circuit, to make the total distance 549.4 km (341.4 miles). A French entry driven by Léon Théry had won the previous year's edition of the race, which meant that the rights to host the race fell to the Automobile Club de France (ACF).


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
France were to attempt to defend the Gordon Bennett Cup against Germany, Great Britain, Austria, Italy and the United States, and each country was represented by three entries, with the car that finished the race in the shortest time winning the race on behalf of his country. This meant the largest field of any Gordon Bennett race with 18 entries competing on behalf of six countries.


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
Théry, driving a 96 hp Richard-Brasier, won in a time of seven hours, 2 minutes and 42 seconds, an average speed of 77.98 km/h (48.45 mph), to become the only driver to win two Gordon Bennett Cup races. His victory was the fourth Gordon Bennett win by an entry representing France. Felice Nazzaro and Alessandro Cagno, both driving FIATs and representing Italy, finished second and third respectively, Nazzaro finishing nearly 17 minutes behind Théry with Cagno a further two minutes back. The third Italian representative, Vincenzo Lancia, was fastest over the first two laps in his FIAT, but broke down with radiator problems during his third lap.


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
The race took place on the doorstep of the Clermont-Ferrand headquarters of Michelin, and the Richard-Brasiers and FIATs were fitted with Michelin tyres. Gustave Caillois finished fourth in the second Richard-Brasier, nearly six minutes behind Cagno but over 36 minutes ahead of Christian Lautenschlager, the best-placed German representative driving a Mercedes.


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
Charles Rolls, driving a Wolseley, was the best-placed British representative, finishing eighth, while only one representative each from Austria and the United States finished, Edgar Braun coming home tenth in a Mercedes, and Herbert Lyttle twelfth and last in a Pope-Toledo, nearly two and a half hours behind Théry.


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
Chronographs for timing for the event were again supplied by the Anglo-Swiss firm of Stauffer, Son & Co.


1905 Gordon Bennett Cup
After the race, the ACF announced its intention of not staging the Gordon Bennett Cup the following year, instead organising a race in which no limit could be placed on the number of cars a country could enter: the Grand Prix.


1905 Grand National
The 1905 Grand National was the 67th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 31 March 1905.


1905 Grand National
It was won by Kirkland, a 6/1 shot that had been trained in Wales. He was the first Welsh-trained horse to have won the Grand National, and was ridden by Frank Mason.


1905 Grant football team
The 1905 Grant football team was an American football team that represented the Chattanooga campus of  U. S. Grant Memorial University (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1905 college football season. In its 2nd year under head coach Walter Hullihen, the team compiled a 6–1 record.


1905 Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 20 February 1905. Supporters of Theodoros Deligiannis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 144 of the 235 seats. Deligiannis remained Prime Minister after the election, but he was assassinated on 13 June and was succeeded by Dimitrios Rallis.


1905 Hampstead by-election
The Hampstead by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1905 Hampstead by-election, Vacancy
Thomas Milvain had been Conservative MP for the seat of Hampstead since the 1902 Hampstead by-election. Milvain resigned the seat when he was appointed Judge Advocate General.


1905 Hampstead by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Conservative since it was created in 1885. They easily held the seat at the last election;


1905 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
The local Conservative Association selected 63-year-old John Fletcher as their candidate to defend the seat. Fletcher had good local connections. He was a member of the Hampstead Board of Guardians from 1876 to 1898. He was an elected member of the London County Council representing Hampstead for the Conservative backed Municipal Reform Party from 1889 to 1904. He served as one of the Council's deputy chairman from 1900 to 1904.


1905 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal Association selected George Frederic Rowe as their candidate to gain the seat. Rowe had been the Liberal candidate in the 1902 by-election.


1905 Hampstead by-election, Campaign
Rowe launched his campaign on 11 October with a public meeting at Hampstead Town Hall, sharing a platform with the London Liberal MP, Thomas Macnamara. On 13 October he held his second public meeting at Brondesbury Hall. Fletcher's campaign, slower off the mark, sought to build upon his strong local links. He supported the Unionist government in its policy positions. He advocated the reduction in Irish representation in the UK parliament. The Hampstead Temperance Council had invited both candidates to address their meeting, but Fletcher chose not to attend.


1905 Hampstead by-election, Campaign
The HTC gave its support to Rowe and Fletcher responded by seeking the support of local licensed victuallers. Rowe's third public meeting at West Hampstead Town Hall featured Leo Chiozza Money the Liberal candidate for neighbouring Paddington. Fletcher's first public meeting in Haverstock Hill, had him sharing a platform with Nottingham MP, Edward Bond and Keighley candidate William Mitchell Acworth. Polling Day was fixed for the 26 October 1905. As Fletcher was a supporter of protectionism, Rowe received the endorsement of the Hampstead Free Trade League. On 23 October Winston Churchill who had left the Conservatives and joined the Liberals primarily because of the free trade v protectionism issue, addressed a public meeting organised by the Hampstead Free Trade League.


1905 Hampstead by-election, Result
The Liberals massively reduced the majority of the Conservatives, thanks to a swing of 11.9%:


1905 Hampstead by-election, Result
The result should have been a good indicator to Unionist Prime Minister Arthur Balfour that the mood in the country was swinging behind the Liberals. He soon chose to resign as Prime Minister.


1905 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1905 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1905 college football season. The Crimson finished with an 8–2–1 record under head coach Bill Reid, who had coached Harvard in 1901. Walter Camp selected two Harvard players (tackle Beaton Squires and guard Francis Burr) as first-team players on his 1905 College Football All-America Team. Caspar Whitney selected three Harvard players as first-team members of his All-America team: Burr, tackle Karl Brill and halfback Daniel Hurley.


1905 Haskell Indians football team
The 1905 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute  (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Boyd Hill, Haskell compiled a 5–4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 102 to 78.


1905 Holy Cross football team
The 1905 Holy Cross football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent in the 1905 college football season.


1905 Holy Cross football team
In their third year under head coach Frank Cavanaugh, the team compiled a 2–5–2 record. George S.L. Connor was the team captain.


1905 Holy Cross football team
According to college records, Holy Cross played all of its home games at the newly renamed Fitton Field baseball stadium on the college campus in Worcester, Massachusetts. Contemporary reports suggest that one of the home games, the crosstown rivalry game with WPI, was played at the team's former home stadium off campus, the Worcester Oval.


1905 Home Nations Championship
The 1905 Home Nations Championship was the twenty-third series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 14 January and 18 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.


1905 Home Nations Championship
Wales won the Championship and the Triple Crown for the fourth time. Nine months later the 1905 Wales team faced and beat the touring New Zealand team, in a match dubbed 'The Game of the Century'.


1905 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
Wales: George Davies (Swansea), Teddy Morgan (London Welsh), Dan Rees (Swansea), Rhys Gabe (Llanelli), Willie Llewellyn (Newport) capt., Dicky Owen (Swansea), Dick Jones (Swansea), Jehoida Hodges (Newport), George Travers (Pill Harriers), Billy O'Neill (Cardiff), Arthur Harding (London Welsh), David Jones (Treherbert), Harry Vaughan Watkins (Llanelli), Will Joseph (Swansea), Charlie Pritchard (Newport)


1905 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
England: SH Irvin (Devonport Albion), SF Coopper (Blackheath), John Raphael (Oxford Uni), FH Palmer (Richmond), EW Dillon (Blackheath) FC Hulme (Birkenhead Park), WV Butcher (Bristol), TA Gibson (Northern), WLY Rogers (Blackheath), BA Hill (Blackheath), JL Mathias (Bristol), Frank Stout (Richmond) capt., Charles Joseph Newbold (Blackheath), Vincent Cartwright (Blackheath), William Cave (Blackheath)


1905 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Scotland: WT Forrest (Hawick), JE Crabbie (Edinburgh Acads), JL Forbes (Watsonians), LM MacLeod (Cambridge University), JS MacDonald (Edinburgh University), Patrick Munro (Oxford Uni), ED Simson (Edinburgh University), Anthony Little (Hawick), AG Cairns (Watsonians), WE Kyle (Hawick), WM Milne (Glasgow Acads), A Ross  (Royal HSFP), WP Scott (West of Scotland) capt., RS Stronach (Glasgow Acads), HN Fletcher (Edinburgh University)


1905 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Wales: George Davies (Swansea), Teddy Morgan (London Welsh), Dan Rees (Swansea), Rhys Gabe (Llanelli), Willie Llewellyn (Newport) capt., Dicky Owen (Swansea), Billy Trew (Swansea), Jehoida Hodges (Newport), George Travers (Pill Harriers), Billy O'Neill (Cardiff), Arthur Harding (London Welsh), David Jones (Treherbert), Harry Vaughan Watkins (Llanelli), Will Joseph (Swansea), Charlie Pritchard (Newport)


1905 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England
Ireland: MF Landers (Cork Constitution), Basil Maclear (Cork County), JE Moffatt (Old Wesley), GAD Harvey (Wanderers), HB Thrift (Dublin University), TTH Robinson (Dublin University), ED Caddell (Dublin University), Jos Wallace (Wanderers), Henry Millar (Monkstown), CE Allen (Derry) capt., A Tedford (Malone), HG Wilson (Malone), HJ Knox (Dublin University), JJ Coffey (Lansdowne), GT Hamlet (Dublin University)


1905 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England
England: CF Stanger-Leathes (Northern), SF Coopper (Blackheath), HE Shewring (Bristol), T Simpson (Rockcliff), AT Brettargh (Liverpool OB) FC Hulme (Birkenhead Park), WV Butcher (Bristol), J Green (Skipton), WLY Rogers (Blackheath), G Vickery (Aberavon), JL Mathias (Bristol), Frank Stout (Richmond) capt., Charles Joseph Newbold (Blackheath), Vincent Cartwright (Blackheath), WM Grylls (Redruth)