1907 Belfast Dock strike
The Belfast Dock strike or Belfast lockout took place in Belfast, Ireland from 26 April to 28 August 1907. The strike was called by Liverpool-born trade union leader James Larkin who had successfully organised the dock workers to join the National Union of Dock Labourers (NUDL). The dockers, both Protestant and Catholic, had gone on strike after their demand for union recognition was refused. They were soon joined by carters, shipyard workers, sailors, firemen, boilermakers, coal heavers, transport workers, and women from the city's largest tobacco factory. Most of the dock labourers were employed by powerful tobacco magnate Thomas Gallaher, chairman of the Belfast Steamship Company and owner of Gallaher's Tobacco Factory.


1907 Belfast Dock strike
The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) later mutinied when ordered to escort the blackleg drivers of traction engines used to replace the striking carters. Order was eventually restored when British Army troops were deployed. Although largely unsuccessful, the dock strike led to the establishment of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union.


1907 Belfast Dock strike
Former Irish Labour Party leader Ruairi Quinn described the Belfast strike as having been a "major event in the early years of the trade union movement"


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Background to the strike
Belfast in the early 20th-century was a flourishing centre of industry with shipbuilding, engineering and linen-manufacturing the main sources of the city's economic lifeblood. Its skilled workforce of shipyard workers and engineers earned wages and enjoyed working conditions comparable with the rest of the United Kingdom. Additionally, they enjoyed the security of trade union membership. For the unskilled workers, such as dock labourers and carters, it was a completely different story. They worked up to 75 hours a week in conditions which were dangerous and unsanitary, without holidays. The pay was low and employment was erratic and uncertain.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Background to the strike
Unlike the skilled workers, these labourers had no trade union to look after their interests. The men who worked in the docks lived in Sailortown, a community adjacent to the Docks which had a population of 5,000, excluding the transient sailors who swelled the numbers. This mixed Protestant and Catholic populace was packed into tiny streets of red-bricked terraced houses that were built between the docks and York Street. They were damp, airless, overcrowded and poorly lit. Poverty, hunger and disease was rife. Women and children were compelled to work long, arduous hours in the linen mills and cigarette factories. Most families in Sailortown had men who were merchant seamen; with boys as young as 14 going off to sea. The other men obtained unskilled work on the waterfront as dockers, carters and coal heavers.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Background to the strike
By this time there were 3,100 dock labourers, 2,000 of whom were casual workers or "spellsmen" hired on a daily basis at low pay. Whilst Protestants and Catholics held the same jobs, the sectarian attitudes which dominated every aspect of life in Belfast ensured that Protestant dockers worked in the cross-channel docks where employment was more regular whilst Catholic dockers were made to work in the more dangerous deep sea docks, where the casualty rate was the highest. They were also the first to be laid off when labour cutbacks were required. Author John Gray in his book, City in Revolt: James Larkin and the Belfast Dock Strike of 1907 described the differences in wages earnings and the standard of living between the skilled and unskilled workers as "a yawning abyss, unequalled anywhere else in the United Kingdom.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Background to the strike
It was into this environment and social milieu that trade union leader James Larkin (a Liverpool-born Irish Catholic) arrived in January 1907. He was sent to Belfast by James Sexton, head of the National Union of Dock Labourers (NUDL), with the aim of bringing the dock workers and carters into the union. Addressing crowds of people on the steps of Belfast's Custom House, he vociferously articulated the grievances of the working classes. Due to his charismatic personality and considerable oratorial skill, Larkin succeeded in unionising the unskilled Protestant and Catholic workers.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
By April 1907, Larkin had recruited 2,000 workers into the NUDL union; in May the number had reached 4,500. The massive wave of labour strikes which would bring chaos to Belfast throughout the summer commenced on 26 April at Samuel Davidson's Sirocco Engineering Works in East Belfast with a walk-out by non-union workers demanding higher wages. The union members amongst Sirocco's employees were promptly sacked and the rest of the workers were each obliged to sign a document pledging not to join a trade union. The next strike occurred on Queen's Quay by employees of the coal merchant Samuel Kelly.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
This was after he had dismissed union members from his workforce and Larkin called for the rest of the coal workers to go on strike. On 6 May, dockers working on the SS Optic owned by Belfast Steamship Company also went out on strike after refusing to work alongside non-union members.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
Most of the dockers in Belfast were employees of magnate Thomas Gallaher who owned Gallaher's Tobacco Factory and served as chairman of Belfast Steamship Company. Gallaher and Kelly were forewarned about the strike, and had sent to Dublin for 50 blackleg dockers and coal heavers to fill the strikers' places. Feeling that a strike was premature at this point in time, Larkin sent the dockers and coal heavers back to work. Upon their return, however, the men discovered that they were locked out with the imported blacklegs working in their stead. The locked-out NUDL dockers and coal heavers proceeded to force the blacklegs away from the Belfast Steamship Company's sheds and the coal merchant's quay.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
Although Kelly gave in and recognised his workers' rights to union membership, when Gallaher sacked seven women for attending a meeting held by Larkin, one thousand female employees of his tobacco factory walked out of their workplace in a display of solidarity on 16 May. They marched to a strike meeting held that afternoon in Corporation Square. The women, however, were compelled to return to work the following day. Although Larkin had called on them to join a trade union, neither the NUDL nor any other trade union could admit such a high number of new members at one time.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
Additionally, no financial assistance was available to the women, many of whom had families to support. Thomas Gallaher refused to recognise the NUDL and had hundreds of blackleg dockers working on Donegall Quay under the protection of the RIC and troops deployed by Belfast's Lord Mayor Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 9th Earl of Shaftesbury. Larkin denounced Gallaher in speeches as an "obscene scoundrel". Gallaher for his part lamented that "the whole business is, I think, due to the uprising of socialism".


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
In mid-June 500 coal heavers from other firms went out, demanding higher wages. As the end of June approached, more than 3000 dockers were on strike, including 300 from the cross-channel companies, most of which were owned by powerful British railway magnates. As unrest among Belfast's workers grew, the strike soon spread from the docks and quays to the rest of Belfast with shipyard workers, firemen, sailors, iron moulders, and transport workers joining the dockers. Between 5,000 and 10,000 people turned out to attend the strike meetings that were held daily outside the Custom House.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
The NUDL demanded an increase in wages along with union recognition and better working conditions, all of which Gallaher and the other shipping bosses adamantly refused to grant. At this stage, however, the dockers' strike was hampered by the strong police and military presence on the quays. On 1 July, Larkin decided to lead the striking dockers in a march to Belfast City Hall to put their case before the council chamber who were in session.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
According to a newspaper report, the dockers were "marshalled in a long column of fours, and headed by Mr. Larkin they marched in military order through the streets gathering an immense crowd at their heels". The politicians inside City Hall had to perforce admit a delegation of dockers to their meeting, but they would not make any concessions.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
The tide suddenly turned in the dockers' favour when carters on the railway company quays refused to transport goods unloaded from the ships by the Dublin blackleg dockers. On 4 July after submitting a general pay claim, Larkin called the thousand remaining carters of Belfast, who were employed by the 60 firms of the Master Carriers Association, out on a sympathy strike. Gallaher and the other employers had no means of getting their merchandise out of the port.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout
The Belfast Newsletter commented on the situation with the following words: "It was remarkable to see the stagnation which existed from the Custom House to the Clarendon Dock. With the exception of an isolated van or lorry driven by the obvious amateur, there was scarcely a sign of life or movement". Soon afterwards engineers and boilermakers were striking; workplaces all over the city stopped production and shut down. The strike escalated into bitter violence when shipyard workers burnt company vans, hurled rocks at the police and attacked blacklegs with "shipyard confetti" which consisted of rivets, nuts and bolts. Blackleg workers had to be billeted aboard a ship in the Belfast Lough for their own safety.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Solidarity between Protestants and Catholics
The strike was characterised by unrest in working class areas of Belfast and solidarity across the sectarian divide. Given that Protestants made up the majority of Belfast's workforce, most of the strikers and local strike leaders were in fact, Protestants, although Catholics comprised a significant number. Specifically, three-quarters of Belfast's carters and three-fifths of its dockers were Protestants.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Solidarity between Protestants and Catholics
That July Belfast experienced the most unusual Twelfth ever witnessed before or since. Instead of the traditional rioting and sectarian clashes which typically accompanied the Orange Order parades, the strike leaders gave public speeches defending the workers' interests against all forms of sectarianism.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Solidarity between Protestants and Catholics
On the Shankill Road, a Protestant area of the city and a regular scene of sectarian clashes, on 26 July 100,000 workers marched in support of the strike in a parade that featured flute bands from both Unionist and Nationalist traditions, a very rare occurrence. The parade ended at a mass rally held outside City Hall, where 200,000 demonstrators had gathered.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Solidarity between Protestants and Catholics
Although it involved members of both the Protestant and Catholic communities, the Irish Unionist Alliance establishment opposed the strike and subjected Larkin to a sectarian campaign of condemnation, aimed largely at coaxing Protestant workers away from the strike. Larkin did however secure the support of the Independent Orange Order, an offshoot of the mainstream Orange Order which at the time had close ties to the Protestant labour movement. Larkin was joined in public meetings by the Independents' Grand Master, R. Lindsay Crawford. Crawford encouraged workers to stand firm for the sake not only of organised labour, but also of "the unity of all Irishmen".


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Police mutiny
The police mutiny broke out when the RIC were ordered to play a more participative role during their routine escort of traction engines driven by blackleg carters through the city. Blackleg carters had been recruited to drive the traction engines that had been sent to Belfast to deliver the goods which had been unable to leave the port due to the striking carters. The traction engines, equipped with makeshift armour, were almost always blocked en route by flying pickets. The RIC were enlisted to provide an escort for the blackleg carters, who constantly came under attack. In one incident in East Belfast, a crowd of shipyard workers threw a telegraph pole at a blackleg carter and his traction engine. The merchandise he had been transporting ended up in the nearby Connswater River.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Police mutiny
The policemen, however, received no extra pay for the hazardous duty which left them vulnerable to attack nor for the regular breaking up of strikers' pickets; both of which threatened to alienate them from their own communities, and in some cases their own families.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Police mutiny
On 19 July, RIC Constable William Barrett refused to sit beside the blackleg driver of a traction engine who had been promised personal police protection by his employer. After flatly refusing to obey District Inspector Thomas Keaveney when the latter ordered him to accompany the driver, he was promptly suspended. In response, 300 angry policemen attended a meeting at Musgrave Street Barracks and declared their support for the strike. A brawl instantly broke out inside the barracks when Barrett resisted attempts by RIC officers to arrest him.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Police mutiny
This led to another 800 policemen (about 70 per cent of the police force) joining the mutiny. They refused to offer any protection to the blacklegs, made no further attempts to disperse the strikers' pickets and Larkin persuaded them to carry out their own strike for higher wages and better pensions. In 1907, policemen's pay in Belfast ranged from £66, 16 shillings to £78 per annum. This was a wage just marginally above that earned by the best-paid dockers and carters.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, Police mutiny
At the request of the Lord Mayor, extra British Army troops and cavalry were immediately deployed to Belfast to restore order, taking command of strategic areas such as the Docks and city centre; on 1 August nine warships sailed into Belfast Lough and martial law was quickly imposed in the city. On 2 August, four days before the police were due to go on strike, the leaders of the mutiny along with 200 dissident policemen were transferred from Belfast. Barrett and six other constables were dismissed from the RIC. The day after Barrett's dismissal, the strikers carried him from one police barracks to another; a mass demonstration followed where he addressed a crowd of 5,000 people, mainly striking workers. The police mutiny, however, was effectively crushed without their threatened strike having taken place.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, End of the strike
The Dock strike was ultimately ended on 28 August not by Larkin but by James Sexton, the overall head of the NUDL in Britain and Ireland. Sexton found the 10 shillings a week strike payments that had to be made to the dockers crippling high and, fearing that the union might be bankrupted, negotiated with the employers before agreeing to terms that amounted to capitulation by the NUDL. These separate negotiations with the other employers left the dock labourers isolated.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, End of the strike
In the weeks leading up to the strike's termination, the Unionist press had begun to employ scare-mongering and other divisive methods to alienate the Protestant strikers from their Catholic counterparts by alluding to Irish nationalism and socialism. It also published allegations that although the Protestant strikers had largely borne the brunt of the hardships that ensued during the strike, the Catholic strikers had received larger cash payouts by the Dockers' and Carters' Strike Fund. The Irish Home Rule Movement, which had been put aside during the lockout, once again emerged as a potential threat to Irish Unionists.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, The lockout, End of the strike
In mid-August during the course of a riot in the lower Falls Road, two Catholics were killed by soldiers. This struck a serious blow to working-class unity. Despite the removal of the Army from the Falls Road area the following day, working-class solidarity was damaged beyond repair. Future Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) gunrunner Frederick Crawford expressed the following sentiments in a letter he wrote to a friend regarding the Falls Road riot: "what a blessing all the rioting took place in the Catholic quarter of the city. This branded the whole thing a nationalist movement". The Belfast Telegraph, as well as Unionist and Nationalist politicians, quickly took the opportunity to exploit the centuries-old sectarian divisions and the two striking groups inevitably drifted back into their former sectarian camps.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Legacy
The defeat of the strike saw a move towards a more Irish-based trade unionism, with the Irish Transport & General Workers Union (ITGWU) established the following year in response to the events of Belfast. This also helped to ensure a significant increase in trade union membership amongst northern Catholics, who before the strike had tended to be less unionised than their Protestant counterparts.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Legacy
Such a move was seen as a problem by leading figures in the Roman Catholic Church, not least the anti-socialist Cardinal Michael Logue who warned his flock that "socialism as it is preached on the Continent, and as it has commenced to be preached in these countries, is simply irreligion and atheism".


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Legacy
For Larkin the strike was seen as something of a triumph despite its unsatisfactory ending and it had served to establish his reputation. He would move south the following year and found that the authorities were frequently loathe to confront him, given his tough reputation and the spectre of the police mutiny that had accompanied the Belfast strike. As a result, Larkin enjoyed a high success rate in labour disputes until the Dublin Lock-out of 1913. The Sligo Dock strike of 1913 was one example of these successes.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Legacy
The industrial action attracted much attention, including that of John Maclean, a Scottish Marxist who came to prominence as a leader of the Red Clydeside group. Maclean was in Belfast from 1 to 3 August along with Victor Grayson and he spoke before large crowds of striking workers. Maclean was impressed by what he saw in Belfast, feeling that the strike would represent the moment in which sectarian divisions were put aside in favour of working class unity in Ireland. Furthermore, his brief time in Belfast reinvigorated his enthusiasm for the trade union movement.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Legacy
From his base in Glasgow Maclean had become disillusioned with trade unionism as the Glasgow dockers' unions were small and made up only of highly skilled workers who adopted the superior attitude of a "labour aristocracy". However the Belfast unions had a mass membership and for Maclean this pointed the way forward for unions as instruments of real social change and as such he took up his pen in support of the Belfast strike. Maclean would later become an enthusiastic supporter of Irish nationalism, and in declaring his support for the First Dáil he suggested that it was the culmination of a new struggle that had begun with the 1907 Dock strike.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, Legacy
Former Irish Labour Party leader Ruairi Quinn described the Belfast Dock strike as having been a "major event in the early years of the trade union movement". In Belfast and Dublin, statues of James Larkin were erected in his honour. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the event, a stained glass window depicting the dock strike was unveiled at Belfast City Hall by the Lord Mayor, Pat McCarthy.


1907 Belfast Dock strike, In film
The Belfast Dock strike featured in the 2012 television series Titanic: Blood and Steel; however, it contained many glaring historical inaccuracies.


1907 Belfast North by-election
The Belfast North by-election of 1907 was held on 17 April 1907. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Unionist MP, Daniel Dixon. It was won by the Irish Unionist candidate George Clark. North Belfast had previously been a marginal seat with the Labour candidate, William Walker, coming within 500 votes of winning on the two previous occasions. In order to win over Protestant votes, Walker made clear that he was opposed to Home Rule


1907 Birmingham Tramway accident
The 1907 Birmingham Tramway accident was a fatal tram accident which occurred on 1 October 1907 in the city of Birmingham, England.


1907 Birmingham Tramway accident, Events
A tram operated by City of Birmingham Tramways Company Ltd was going downhill on Warstone Lane in the Jewellery Quarter area of the city when its brakes failed and it ran away. At the junction of Warstone Lane and Icknield Street it overturned at high speed and skidded until it stopped on the other side of the street, smashing into the pavement. Two people died and 17 were injured. It is the deadliest tram accident in the area covered by the modern West Midlands county.


1907 Birmingham Tramway accident, Events
The tram's brakes were later found to have been faulty.


1907 Birthday Honours
The 1907 Birthday Honours for the British Empire were announced on 28 June, to celebrate the birthday of Edward VII.


1907 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1907 Birthday Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)
The following honours were gazetted at the same time, but were described as marking the 50th anniversary of Military Operations in India, 1857


1907 Blayney state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Blayney on 12 January 1907 because Paddy Crick (Progressive) resigned from Parliament after findings of corruption made by a Royal Commission. Crick had also been expelled from the Legislative Assembly for outrageous behaviour in the chamber, however he was returned in the resulting by-election.


1907 Blayney state by-election
The Royal Commission handed down an interim report in May 1906, which found that 50% of the sums received by a land agent Peter Close were paid to Crick whilst he was Minister for Lands. The Legislative Assembly proposed to immediately deal with Crick, however the Speaker ruled that the Assembly could not deal with the matter as it might prejudice his criminal trial. Instead the assembly amended its standing orders and suspended Crick pending the outcome of his criminal trial.


1907 Blayney state by-election
The jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict, and the Attorney General declined to prosecute the matter again as evidence before the Royal Commission had been ruled inadmissible in his criminal trial. Crick then submitted his resignation from parliament, however before it was accepted the assembly passed a motion that he was guilty of conduct that rendered him ineligible to sit as a member. Rutledge and Nairn stated this was due to old scores being paid off, while Anne Twomey stated that this motion was passed to influence future voters not to vote for Crick. In any event Crick did not nominate for the by-election.


1907 Blayney state by-election, Aftermath
Paddy Crick was struck off the roll of solicitors on 23 August 1907 because of the evidence before the Royal Commission. He challenged the validity of his suspension in the Supreme Court and was successful before the Full Court, however this was overturned on appeal to the Privy Council which held that the Legislative Assembly was the sole judge whether an "occasion" had arisen that affected the orderly conduct of the Assembly.


1907 Blayney state by-election, Aftermath
Crick stood for parliament again at the September 1907 election for Surry Hills but was unsuccessful. He died the following year.


1907 Boston Americans season
The 1907 Boston Americans season was the seventh season for the professional baseball franchise that later became known as the Boston Red Sox. The Americans finished seventh in the American League (AL) with a record of 59 wins and 90 losses, 32+1⁄2 games behind the Detroit Tigers. Including spring training, the team had five different managers. The team played its home games at Huntington Avenue Grounds.


1907 Boston Americans season, Regular season, Statistical leaders
The offense was led by Bob Unglaub (62 RBIs), Bunk Congalton (.286 batting average), and Hobe Ferris (four home runs). The pitching staff was led by Cy Young, who made 43 appearances (37 starts) and pitched 33 complete games with a 21–15 record and 1.99 ERA, while striking out 147 in 343+1⁄3 innings. No other pitcher had a winning record; Cy Morgan had a 6–6 record with 1.97 ERA in 16 games (13 starts).


1907 Boston Americans season, Regular season, Season standings
The team had six games end in a tie; June 21 vs. Chicago, July 22 at Chicago, September 9 vs. Philadelphia, September 13 at Philadelphia, September 30 vs. Chicago, and October 5 at New York. Tie games are not counted in league standings, but player statistics during tie games are counted.


1907 Boston Americans season, Player stats, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Boston Americans season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Boston Doves season
The 1907 Boston Doves season was the 37th season of the franchise. Before the season, longtime Boston Beaneaters owner Arthur Soden sold the team to the Dovey Brothers. The team quickly became known as the Boston Doves, after the brothers. One bright spot during a 90-loss season came on May 8, when Big Jeff Pfeffer pitched a no-hitter in a 6–0 home win over the Cincinnati Reds.


1907 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Boston Doves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1907 occurred on Tuesday, December 10, 1907. Republican candidate George A. Hibbard defeated Democratic candidate John F. Fitzgerald, the incumbent Mayor of Boston, and John A. Coulthurst, an Independence League candidate. Primary elections for each party had been held on Thursday, November 14, 1907.


1907 Boston mayoral election
This was the final Boston mayoral election for a two-year term, and that was partisan in nature; a new city charter adopted in 1909 made the mayoral term four years, and made Boston municipal elections non-partisan.


1907 Boston mayoral election, Results
Note: In October, John A. Coulthurst was selected as the Independence League candidate, and he resigned his position as secretary of the Democratic state committee. His still garnered some votes in the Democratic primary.


1907 Brigg by-election
The Brigg by-election of 1907 was held on 26 February 1907. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Harold Reckitt. It was won by the Conservative candidate Berkeley Sheffield.


1907 British Columbia general election
The 1907 British Columbia general election was the eleventh general election for the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election called on December 24, 1906, and held on February 2, 1907. The new legislature met for the first time on March 7, 1907.


1907 British Columbia general election
The governing Conservative party won a second term in government, with almost half the popular vote, and a majority of the seats in the legislature, increasing its number of seats by 4 to 26.


1907 British Columbia general election
The Liberal Party lost 4 seats in the legislature, despite winning about the same share of the popular vote that it had in the 1903 election.


1907 British Columbia general election
The Socialist Party won one additional seat to bring its total to three.


1907 British Columbia general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1907 British Columbia general election, Results
1 One Conservative candidate, R. McBride, who contested and was elected in both Dewdney and Victoria City, is counted twice.


1907 British Columbia general election, Results
2 Organized in 1906. Not the same as the Canadian Labour Party of B.C. which contested the 1924 election. Sometimes referred to as "Independent Labour Party" by the newspapers which creates some confusion with the situation in Nanaimo City and Newcastle.


1907 British Columbia general election, Results
3 Although the candidates in Nanaimo City and Newcastle called themselves "Independent Labour" candidates, the Conservative press described them as "Liberal-Labour" candidates. They did have Liberal support in both cases and no Liberals were nominated for either District. They were also repudiated by the Victoria branch of the Canadian Labour Party of BC.


1907 Brooklyn Superbas season
The 1907 Brooklyn Superbas finished in fifth place, with another losing season.


1907 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Brooklyn Superbas season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Brown Bears football team
The 1907 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1907 college football season.


1907 Bury St Edmunds by-election
The Bury St Edmunds by-election of 1907 was held on 24 August 1907. The by-election was held due to the succession to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Frederick Hervey who become the Fourth Marquess of Bristol. It was won by the Conservative candidate Walter Guinness.


1907 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Campaign
The by-election was a strong campaigning ground for the suffragette movement and the Women's Social and Political Union made it a target for propaganda sending high level members, including Gladice Keevil, Nellie Martel, Emmeline Pankhurst, Aeta Lamb, Rachel Barrett and Elsa Gye.


1907 Calabria earthquake
On October 23, 1907, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck Calabria, at a depth of 33.0 km. in the area of Gerace-Siderno, on the southeast coast of Calabria. The event caused 167 deaths and major damage.


1907 Calabria earthquake
The epicentral area included only one town (Ferruzzano), where many houses collapsed almost completely, and 158 persons, or 8% of its population, were killed. Ferruzano had been hit as well in the 1905 Calabria earthquake.


1907 Calabria earthquake
Almost a month later, on November 17, 1907, the area of Ferruzzano, Brancaleone and Bianco was hit again. On January 23, 1908, the area was hit again by an earthquake. People had to camp in the fields or in nearby subterranean grottos. In Ferruzzano new houses built after the earthquakes of 1905 and 1907 resisted the shocks of the 1908 Messina earthquake.


1907 Calgary municipal election
The 1907 Calgary municipal election was held on December 9, 1907 to elect a Mayor and twelve Aldermen to sit on the twenty-fourth Calgary City Council from January 2, 1908 to January 2, 1909.


1907 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to three ballots for separate councillors with a voter's designated ward.


1907 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election became a bitter affair with the Calgary Herald supporting Mayor Cameron and the Morning Albertan supporting Alderman Simon John Clarke. The Morning Albertan called Clarke "a man who does things" and claimed the city's financial position would have been better under his stewardship, while criticizing Cameron for closed council meetings and "autocratic rule".


1907 Calgary municipal election, Background
after the Morning Albertan charged Mayor Cameron with engineering the bylaw to form a commission in order to provide himself a well paying job. The Morning Albertan claimed the commission bylaw was crafted in a in camera City Council meeting was held to form the commission with three members each paid $2,500, Mayor Cameron, Alderman Harry William White and Alderman Arthur Garnet Graves. The charge was contrasted with the City Council decision to layoff 250 public works employees.


1907 Calgary municipal election, Background
Alderman White refuted the charges against Mayor Cameron in the Morning Albertan, going so far as to offer $1,000 if the writer (whom the Morning Albertan acknowledged as publisher William McCartney Davidson) could provide evidence for his claims. Claims also surfaced in the Calgary Herald that as Alderman, Simon John Clarke paved numerous sidewalks throughout the city without authorization or report from City Council or the relevant committees. The Calgary Herald claimed that Clarke and his agents paid for the article in the Morning Albertan, which the Morning Albertan refuted by publishing affidavits of Clarke and his agent J.Y. Byers the next day.


1907 Calgary municipal election, Background
Clarke campaigned on record as Alderman including his role as Chairman on the Public Works Committee, the election of a commission, municipal meetings open to the public, and financial restraint during difficult times. While Cameron ran his record extending the waterworks system, improvements to St. George's Island, and missing only one City Council meeting in the previous year.


1907 Calgary municipal election, Results
Election results as reported by the Calgary Herald and Morning Albertan.


1907 Campeonato Carioca
The 1907 Campeonato Carioca, the second edition of that championship, kicked off on May 5, 1907 and ended on October 27, 1907. It was organized by LMSA (Liga Metropolitana de Sports Athleticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports League). Four teams participated. Botafogo and Fluminense won the title for the 1st time and 2nd time, respectively. No teams were relegated.


1907 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1907 Campeonato Carioca, Championship
The championship would be disputed by four clubs instead of the previous year's six, as Bangu and Rio Cricket declined to participate, although they were still affiliated to the league. In addition to that, early in the year, Football & Athletic changed its name to Internacional.


1907 Campeonato Carioca, Championship
After not showing up to a match against Botafogo, Internacional was expelled from the league, Fluminense, Paysandu and Rio Cricket also left the league in solidarity, effectively disbanding it. At the time, Botafogo and Fluminense were tied in points, and since the tiebreaking criteria were unclear, the title went officially unawarded until 1996, when FFERJ declared both of them Carioca champions of 1907.


1907 Campeonato Paulista
The 1907 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the LPF (Liga Paulista de Football), was the 6th season of São Paulo's top association football league. Internacional won the title for the 1st time. No teams were relegated and the top scorer was Internacional's Leônidas with 8 goals.


1907 Campeonato Paulista, System
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election
The sixth elections for Cardiganshire County Council took place in March 1907. They were preceded by the 1904 election and followed by the 1910 election


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election, Overview of the Result
As in previous elections, there was a Liberal majority, with 36 of the elected members being Liberals and 12 Conservatives.


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election, Gains and Losses
The Liberals gained two seats, one at Aberystwyth where Captain Thomas Doughton regained the seat in No.1 Ward which he had previously held between     and the other at Llanllwchaiarn where sitting alderman Rev William Griffiths ousted the siting councillor Evan Lewis by four votes. In turn, however, they lost three seats. At Llanrhystud the previous Conservative member regained the seat he lost three years before while two major landowners won significant victories. The Lord Lieutenant, Herbert Davies-Evans won at Llanddewi Brefi while J.C. Harford of Falcondale narrowly captured Llanwnen.


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election, Retiring Aldermen
Eight aldermen retired, all of whom were Liberals apart from Sir Marteine Lloyd. Peter Jones, J.M. Howell, Walter T. Davies and the Rev T. Mason Jones stood in the election but were not re-elected aldermen. Sir Marteine Lloyd, Evan Richards and Rev John  Williams were re-elected without facing the electorate. John Powell stood down.


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election, Results, Aberystwyth Division 4
Fossett Roberts retained the seat he won at a by-election in 1905, in a contest dominated by accusations about nonconformist ministers' involvement.


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election, Election of Aldermen
Five aldermen who had not faced the election were re-appointed, together with David Evans, who had lost by two votes at Llanwnen to J.C. Harford, another retiring alderman.


1907 Cardiganshire County Council election, By-elections, Nantcwnlle by-election
Following the election of W. Jenkin Lloyd as alderman, a Liberal candidate retained the seat.


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
The 1907 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1907 college football season. The Indians were coached by Pop Warner in his sixth year as head coach, last coaching the school in 1903. The team compiled a record of 10–1 and outscored opponents 267 to 62.


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
Jim Thorpe, undersized even for the Indians, persuaded Warner to allow him to try out for the team. Thorpe immediately impressed his coach and secured a starting position on the team.


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
End Albert Exendine was a consensus All-American. In the game against Chicago, fullback Pete Hauser threw a 40-yard pass to Exendine, who ran out of bounds, around spectators and players, and back on the field for the catch.


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
Hauser became a star during the 1907 season. In an early game, he scored a touchdown and kicked a field goal in a 10–0 victory over Villanova. In October 1907, Hauser ran for a touchdown and kicked to goals after touchdown, scoring eight points, in Carlisle's 14–6 victory over the team from Syracuse University. In November 1907, The New York Times wrote that Hauser handled kicking duties for Carlisle, returned punts, and was also "the mainstay of the defense."


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
That same month, Carlise defeated the Harvard football team, then one of the top teams in the country, by a 23–15 score in front of a crowd of 30,000 spectators in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The New York Times wrote that Hauser's end runs were "marvels" and that he was able to circle the Harvard ends "at will." Carlisle's 1907 season ended with an 18–4 victory over Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons football team. Hauser was described as "a one-man wrecking crew" against Chicago, as he kicked two field goals and an extra point and threw a 50-yard touchdown pass as well.


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
On October 26, 1907, Carlisle beat a Penn team that had won every other game and was declared national champion. The "national champions" lost 26–6, before an overflow crowd of 20,000 at Franklin Field. Hauser's most historic moment in this game. At a time when forward passes were generally short tosses, Hauser threw a pass 40 yards, hitting his receiver in stride.


1907 Carlisle Indians football team
In her history of Native Americans in football, Sally Jenkins called Hauser's long, 40-yard spiral pass against Penn one of the "three or four signal moments in the evolution of football" and "the sporting equivalent of the Wright brothers taking off at Kitty Hawk." The Philadelphia North American compared it to the "puny" passes of the day, called it "a lordly throw, a hurl that went farther than many a kick," and predicted that Hauser's throw would be "talked of often this year." Hauser's secret was throwing the ball in a spiral, allowing it to travel farther downfield. Carlisle head coach, Pop Warner, said that Hauser was credited as the first football player to throw a spiral pass and could "hit his ends on the dead run with uncanny accuracy."


1907 Carmarthen Rural District Council election
An election to the Carmarthen Rural District Council was held in March 1907. It was preceded by the 1904 election and followed by the 1910 election. The successful candidates were also elected to the Carmarthen Board of Guardians. Around half the members were returned unopposed


1907 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Ward Results, Llanarthney (two seats)
Stephen Stephens, a member of the Council since its formation, was defeated.


1907 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Ward Results, Llanddowror (one seat)
No candidate was nominated therefore the sitting member, Benjamin Thomas, was deemed to be re-elected.


1907 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Carmarthen Board of Guardians
All members of the District Council also served as members of Carmarthen Board of Guardians. In addition six members were elected to represent the borough of Carmarthen.


1907 Carmarthen Rural District Council election, Carmarthen Board of Guardians
There was a contested election which saw the five retiring members re-elected.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election
The seventh election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1907. It was preceded by the 1904 election and followed by the 1910 election.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
The Liberals retained a strong majority. With a few exceptions, members were returned unopposed.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Boundary changes
There were minor boundary changes leading to the creation of two additional wards, namely Ammanford and Llandissilio. The new Ammanford ward, which comprised the urban district of Ammanford was created by the division of the Bettws Ward into two. Significant population growth had taken place in the eastern part of the county as a result of the growth of the anthracite coal trade but demands for further additional wards to be formed in the Llanelli district were rejected. The second new ward was at Llandissilio in the western part of the county, on the Pembrokeshire border.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Boundary changes
It was formed out of portions of the existing Whitland and Llanboidy wards. There was less unanimity in favour of the new Llandissilio ward than was the case at Ammanford, and there were suggestions that an additional rural ward was being created to counterbalance the new industrial ward at Ammanford. A proposal for a third new ward, at Newchurch on the outskirts of Carmarthen was rejected in due course.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Boundary changes
As a result of these boundary changes, the Council included 53 elected members as opposed to 51 previously. The number of aldermen remained at 17.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
There were only a small number of contested elections and the majorities were small in most instances.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. In some cases there is an ambiguity in the sources over the party affiliations and this is explained below where relevant.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 51 councillors were elected.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Ward results, Llanfihangel-ar-Arth
The sitting member was elected on the casting vote of the returning officer.


1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 51 councillors the council consisted of 17 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections the following eight aldermen were elected (with the number of votes in each case).


1907 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1907 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology during the 1907 college football season. The head coach was Joseph H. Thompson serving his first season with the team.


1907 Central Michigan Normalites football team
The 1907 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1907 college football season. Football was reinstated after one year's absence, and Ralph Thacker, who had played fullback for Olivet College the prior year, was named coach of the football team. Bruce Stickles was selected as the team captain.


1907 Central Michigan Normalites football team
Although the Central Michigan football media guide reports that the 1907 football team compiled a 2–4 record, including a loss to Alma College, the contemporaneous newspaper report on the Alma game reports it as a victory for Central by a 13 to 0 score. Accordingly, it appears that the correct record of the 1907 football team was 3–3.


1907 Challenge Cup
The 1906–07 Challenge Cup was the 11th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.


1907 Challenge Cup
The final was contested by Warrington and Oldham at Wheater's Field in Broughton, Salford.


1907 Challenge Cup
The final was played on Saturday 27 April 1907, where Warrington beat Oldham 17–3 at Wheater's Field in front of a crowd of 18,500.


1907 Championship of Australia
The 1907 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 28 September 1907 at the Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, South Australia. It was the fourth edition of the Championship of Australia with it being the first since the 1896 edition, also in Adelaide.


1907 Championship of Australia
The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFL (Carlton) and the premiers of the SAFL (Norwood) in one match which was played in a front of a crowd of 13,000. After a slow start which featured only three goals, Norwood would go to win the match by 32 points with Leonard Chamberlain scoring five goals as Norwood won their second title.


1907 Championship of Australia
Future Premier of South Australia Lionel Hill and South Australian Attorney-General Shirley Jeffries were members of the victorious Norwood side.


1907 Championship of Australia, Background
The Championship of Australia began in 1888 as a three-game series between the VFA champions at the time (South Melbourne) and the SAFA champions in Norwood with Norwood winning the series 3–0. This would be the only Championship of Australia to be played as a series, with the following three editions (1890, 1893 and 1896) all being played as one game matches with the Victorian teams winning two of those matches.


1907 Championship of Australia, Background
Norwood qualified through to the Championship of Australia by taking out the South Australian Football League on 21 September 1907. They defeated Port Adelaide by 28 points (8.7 to 3.9) in a crowd of 26,000 people which was a South Australian record. Bahr, E. Lewis and W.R. Miller scored two goals for Norwood. Also in the same game, Carlton qualified through to the final by defeating South Melbourne at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. In front of a crowd of over 45,000 people, Carlton would win by 5 points (6.14 to 6.9) to record their second premiership.


1907 Championship of Australia, Match, Summary
The match was 13,000 which also included the governor, George Le Hunte and his lady. After two points were scored in the opening minutes, the opening goal of the match came from C Gwynne from an assist of E Lewis. Carlton responded with goals from George Topping and Alex Lang brought the score levels at quarter time. The second quarter was a tight hustle with the balance of play being even until halftime, with Norwood being slightly ahead at the break (3 points) with scores being 3.8 to 3.5.


1907 Championship of Australia, Match, Summary
The second half saw the home team raise their confidence in what The Argus described as a huge surprise with the first three minutes of the third quarter seeing three goals to the host side. The dominance of the Norwood centre showed with the ball only passing the centre line, three or four times for a single point after the bell for Carlton, while Norwood in response scored seven goals. After Norwood scored an early goal at the start of the last quarter, Fred Jinks delivered Carlton's first goal in two quarters, to generous cheers through the crowd. Carlton would go on to score four more goals to win the final quarter and reduce the final margin to only 32 points.


1907 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1907 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Chattanooga—now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga—as an independent during the 1907 college football season. The team finished its six-game schedule without a win, scoring only one touchdown in the entire season. A seventh game was scheduled for Thanksgiving Day, November 28, in Chattanooga against Southwestern Presbyterian of Clarksville, Tennessee. However, the game was cancelled on November 27 because of Chattanooga's poor performance on November 26 against the 12th Cavalry.


1907 Chicago Cubs season
The 1907 Chicago Cubs season was the 36th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 32nd in the National League and the 15th at West Side Park. It was the first season that the Chicago Cubs became the franchise's name officially. The team finished in first place in the National League with a record of 107–45, 17 games ahead of the Pittsburgh Pirates. It was their second straight NL pennant. The Cubs faced the Detroit Tigers in the 1907 World Series, which they won four games to none (with one tie) for their first World Series victory.


1907 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1907 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1907 college football season. In their 16th season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 4–1 record, finished in first place in the Western Conference with a 4–0 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 147 to 42.


1907 Chicago Physicians and Surgeons football team
The 1907 Chicago Physicians and Surgeons football team represented the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago during the 1907 college football season.


1907 Chicago White Sox season
The 1907 Chicago White Sox led the American League for much of the first half but finished third.


1907 Chicago White Sox season
Chicago allowed the fewest runs in the AL. The pitching staff was led by Ed Walsh, who paced the circuit in innings pitched (422.1), complete games (37), and earned run average (1.60).


1907 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1907, Republican Fred A. Busse defeated Democratic incumbent  Edward F. Dunne.


1907 Chicago mayoral election
This was the first mayoral election to a four-year term in Chicago's history, as terms had been extended from two to four years.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Dunne was able to defeat a challenge from Carter Harrison Jr. for the nomination.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Harrison had secured support from a number of ward bosses (including Robert Burke and John Powers) as well as the Sullivan-Hopkins wing of the party.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
On February 21, Dunne won the primary held at the Democratic convention. He won 624 votes to Harrison's 259.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
The Republican nomination was won by Chicago Postmaster Fred A. Busse.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
The few speeches Busse delivered when seeking the mayoralty had focused primarily on the desire to adopt a business-style approach to government and to develop a "greater Chicago".


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
Busse was the sort of candidate which many Republicans had been hoping to nominate for mayor. He was a loyal party member who was scandal-free.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
There was some hope that Busse, being of the son of German immigrants, might also be a candidate that could appeal to some of Chicago's traditionally-Democratic ethnic voters.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
During his time in government, Busse had proven himself to be a competent individual that had made himself accessible to constituents.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
Busse had made few rivals during his time in government. He was considered to be a relatively unobjectionable personality.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
While Busse was the North Side Republican political boss, he had refrained from involving himself in the corrupt activities which often accompanied machine politics.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
Seeing themselves as having strong odds of taking back the mayoralty for the first time in more than a decade, the Republicans believed Busse was an individual that the party could unite around.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
The election campaign was particularly contentious. Additionally, a large amount of cash was expended in the election.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
The Chicago Traction Wars was an ongoing controversy in Chicago. As a result, a key issue in the election was transit. Busse supported the Settlement Ordinances of 1907, while Dunne was against them and was instead in favor of immediate municipal ownership. A voter referendum on the ordinance was held coinciding to the mayoral election.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Busse supported the proposed new municipal charter that was awaiting ratification in the state legislature, while Dunne strongly opposed it. To appease the concern of the city's ethnic community, which were opposed to the ordinance's impact of imposing Sunday dry laws on Chicago, Busse promised the United Societies that, in exchange for their support, he would lobby the state legislature to also pass legislation give Chicago amnesty from state liquor laws.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Early into the campaign Busse received a minor injury in a train crash while traveling back to Chicago from Washington, D.C. Republican newspapers fostered the public's sympathy for Dunne, contrasting the healthy Dunne with a maimed Busse.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Busse held delivered no speeches and attended no rallies during the general election campaign. A man who disliked public speaking, Busse used his injuries as an excuse to avoid it during the election. Instead, surrogates such as Illinois Attorney General William H. Stead campaigned on Busse's behalf.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Republicans tried to paint Dunne as being a creature of the political machine. Dunne in fact was, by the standards of the era, not strongly connected with machine politics. While accusing Dunne of this, Republican ignored their own candidate's involvement in machine politics. Republicans accused Dunne of corrupt vote-buying, while at the same time defending Busse against similar accusations by declaring him to be someone who "just simply helps the sick and poor and lightens the load of poverty" by handing out jobs, cash, and coal (from his coal company) to constituents on the North Side.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
A hot button issue which Busse's camp did not seize upon was the School Board, the composition of which had undergone a radical change in the previous two years due to appointments Dunne had made to the dismay of the city's Republican business community.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne entered the general election as a vulnerable incumbent. Dunne had upset many voters by taking stances which many, variably, regarded to either be too extreme or too moderate. The Democratic Party had not solidified its support behind his candidacy, weakening Dunne's chances of a general election victory. Dunne had also made enemies of a number of Democratic ward bosses, losing key allies that otherwise might have helped deliver him votes.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne was regarded by some to be a socialist. Under his mayoralty, some critics considered Chicago to be the "most radical city in America" Critics characterized his administration as having been composed of "long-haired friends" of Dunne and "short-haired women."


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne's positions were relatively mainstream among municipal reformers ("social reformers" and "urban liberals") . Like other municipal reformers, Dunne favored having political power be shared with the lower echelons of society rather than being exclusively held by the upper echelons. He also was supportive of labor unions. He was tolerant towards ethnic and cultural diversity and also tolerant towards those with disabilities and impairments. He was a contemporary with progressive leaders in other American cities,  including Tom L. Johnson, Samuel M. Jones, Hazen Pingree, and Brand Whitlock. He was also a contemporary of progressive Republicans such as Jersey City mayor Mark Pagan.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dunne's campaign strategy was to stress party loyalty in traditionally Democratic wards and to promote his stance on municipal ownership in the wards where it had appeared to assist his 1905 campaign.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
The only newspapers to support Dunne's candidacy were those owned by William Randolph Hearst. This created another problem for Dunne, with Dunne needing to defend the fact that he was supported by the polarizing Hearst.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Materials opposing Dunne and supporting the Settlement Ordinances were distributed by two political action committees. These were the Chicago Non-Partisan Traction Settlement Association (funded by the Real Estate Board and the Commercial Association, who were also sponsoring the Plan of Chicago) and the Straphanger League. Traction and liquor interests (both of which opposed Dunne) also spent heavily in the municipal elections, expending as much as $600,000.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
The public debate about traction became very heated during the campaign.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
The Chicago Tribune backed Busse's candidacy, while newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst's company backed Dever. Several lawsuits were filed for libel relating to newspaper coverage during the campaign.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Busse's number of votes was the most votes any candidate had ever received in a Chicago mayoral election, up to that time.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
In the coinciding referendum, voters approved the Settlement Ordinances. The results by ward showed a 90% correlation between the mayoral election and the Settlement Ordinances referendum results.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Busse received 31.89% of the Polish-American vote while Dunne received 65.44% and Koop received 2.29%.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
The German American vote was seen as having gone overwhelmingly to Busse.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
The election result was closer than many Republicans had been anticipating. Many Republicans believed Busse would win by a margin of between 30,000 and 40,000 votes, considerably greater than the mere 13,000 vote margin he actually won by.


1907 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
In coinciding elections, Republican John R. McCabe defeated Democrat Thomas F. Little for City Clerk and Democrat John E. Traeger defeated Republican Edward C. Young for City Treasurer. Additionally, Republicans won both seats on the Superior Court of Cook County that had coinciding elections. Republican O.J. Novak won the coinciding special election to fill a vacant seat on the Sanitary District's board of trustees.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1907 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 66–87, 41½ games behind the Chicago Cubs.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The Reds posted their second straight losing season in 1907. They won two more games than they had in 1906, when they finished 51½ games behind the Chicago Cubs. Cincinnati brought back manager Ned Hanlon for a second season, while the team made some trades during the off-season to continue with their rebuilding.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Personnel changes
With third baseman Jim Delahanty purchased by the St. Louis Browns, the Reds' new third baseman was 23-year-old Mike Mowrey. Mowrey had seen limited playing time with the Reds in 1905 and 1906, appearing in twenty-eight games. Shortstop Tommy Corcoran, who was with Cincinnati from 1897, was purchased by the New York Giants, leaving the Reds with 25-year-old Hans Lobert to play the position. Lobert had a solid season in 1906 with the Reds, hitting .310 in 79 games.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Personnel changes
Catcher Larry McLean, who was also twenty-five, beat out Admiral Schlei for the starting catcher position, while 27-year-old rookie Mike Mitchell won a spot in the outfield. McLean spent the 1906 season with the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League, where he hit .355, while Mitchell hit .339, splitting time between the Stockton Millers of the California League, and the Beavers in the PCL.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Pitching
24-year-old pitcher Andy Coakley, who spent the previous five seasons with the Philadelphia Athletics of the American League, also joined the Reds. Coakley had gone 7–8 with a 3.14 ERA with the A's in 1906, and had his best season with Philadelphia in 1905, when he went 18–8 with a 1.84 ERA in 35 games. Another new player for the Reds was first baseman John Ganzel. Ganzel, who was thirty-three years old, had not played in the major leagues since 1904 with the New York Highlanders of the American League, where he hit .260 with six homers and 48 RBI. In 1906 with the Grand Rapids Wolverines of the Central League, Ganzel hit .323 with thirteen home runs.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
The new look Reds saw the same results though, as for the second straight year, the team had a 10–20 record after thirty games, as Cincinnati sat in sixth place, 14.5 games behind the Cubs. During a game on May 8, Big Jeff Pfeffer of the Boston Doves threw a no-hitter against the Reds.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
The team played better ball over the next few weeks, going 18–14 in their next thirty-two games, however, they still sat in fifth place with a 28–34 record, 19 game behind the Cubs. A slump of 5–17 during the next twenty-two games saw the Reds sink to seventh place, 29.5 games behind the Cubs with a 33–51 record. Cincinnati then played just under .500 baseball for the rest of the year, going 33–36 in their last sixty-nine games, to finish the season with a 66–87 record, good for sixth place for the second straight season, as they were 41.5 games behind the pennant winning Cubs.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
Mitchell had a solid rookie season, leading Cincinnati with a .292 batting average with a team high 163 hits. Mitchell also hit three homers, and drove in 47 runners. McLean batted .289 with no homers and 54 RBI, while Ganzel hit .254 with two home runs and a team best 64 RBI.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
On the mound, Bob Ewing had a great year, despite posting a record of 17–19, as he led the staff with a 1.73 ERA in 41 games, starting 37 of them, while throwing 32 complete games. Coakley tied Ewing in wins, as he was 17–16, while posting a 2.34 ERA in 37 games.


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Cisleithanian legislative election
A legislative election to elect the members of the 11th Imperial Council were held in Cisleithania, the northern and western ("Austrian") crown lands of Austria-Hungary, on 14 and 23 May 1907. They were the first elections held under universal male suffrage, after an electoral reform abolishing tax paying requirements for voters had been adopted by the Council and was endorsed by Emperor Franz Joseph earlier in the year. However, seat allocations were based on tax revenues from the States.


1907 Cisleithanian legislative election, Electoral system
Under the shadow of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and large-scale demonstrations organized by the Social Democrats, the emperor to placate the public had a reform of the former five-class suffrage system, drafted by Minister-President Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn. His successor, Baron Max Wladimir von Beck, pushed it through against fierce resistance from the Austrian House of Lords and the heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.


1907 Cisleithanian legislative election, Electoral system
Elections in the constituencies of "the Kingdoms and Lands represented in the Imperial Council" were held according to a two-round system. If no candidate received the required absolute majority on May 14, only the two candidates receiving the most votes survived to the second round. on May 23. The 516 representatives of the constituent crown lands were thus elected, 130 from Bohemia, 106 from Galicia, 64 from Lower Austria and 49 from Moravia. The numerous political associations were again split according to ethnicity ("nations"), with a result that no government could ever rely on a stable majority.


1907 Cisleithanian legislative election, Results
The right-wing Christian Social Party emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, holding 95 of the 516 seats, followed by the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria with 50 seats. The former won most rural constituencies in Upper and Lower Austria, Styria, Salzburg, Tyrol, and Vorarlberg). It also achieved the majority in the capital, Vienna, benefitting from the popularity of the Christian Social mayor,  Karl Lueger. In the German constituencies of Bohemia and Moravia and in Carinthia, the German national parties (German People's Party etc.) did well. The Social Democrats had their strongholds in the cities other than Vienna: Graz, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Brno and Linz.


1907 Cisleithanian legislative election in the Kingdom of Dalmatia
The 1907 Cisleithanian legislative election was held in May 1907 in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in eleven single-seat constituencies by universal male suffrage.


1907 Cisleithanian legislative election in the Margraviate of Istria
The Cisleithanian legislative election, 1907 was held in 1907 in the Margraviate of Istria by universal male suffrage.


1907 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1907 Clemson Tigers football team represented the Clemson Tigers of Clemson Agricultural College during the 1907 college football season. Under first year head coach Frank Shaughnessy, the team posted a 4–4 record. Mac McLaurin was the captain.


1907 Cleveland Naps season
The 1907 Cleveland Naps season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the American League with a record of 85–67, 8 games behind the Detroit Tigers.


1907 Cleveland Naps season, Offseason
In March 1907, Detroit Tigers manager Hughie Jennings offered Ty Cobb to the Cleveland Naps in exchange for Elmer Flick. The Naps refused the deal. Cobb went on to win the first of nine consecutive batting titles, and the Tigers won the AL pennant.


1907 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Colgate football team
The 1907 Colgate football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1907 college football season. In its second season under head coach Bill Warner, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record. W. Lynn Housemann was the team captain. The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.


1907 College Baseball All-Southern Team
The 1907 College Baseball All-Southern Team consists of baseball players selected at their respective positions after the 1907 IAAUS baseball season.


1907 College Football All-America Team
The 1907 College Football All-America team is composed of various organizations that chose basketball teams that season. The organizations that chose the teams included Collier's Weekly selected by Walter Camp.


1907 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1907 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1907 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Fielding Yost selected Bob Blake for his All-America first team. Vanderbilt won the SIAA championship.


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
Bold = consensus choice by a majority of the selectors


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
C = selected by a consensus of newspapers, as published in Fuzzy Woodruff's A History of Southern Football


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
DM = All-SIAA eleven selected by Dan McGugin, coach at Vanderbilt University, for Spalding's Football Guide.


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
H = selected by John Heisman, coach at the Georgia Institute of Technology.


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
D = selected by Mike Donahue, coach at Auburn University.


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
NB = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal.


1907 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
NY = selected by "a well-known New York authority on sports."


1907 Colne Valley by-election
The Colne Valley by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1907 Colne Valley by-election, Vacancy
Sir James Kitson had been Liberal MP for the seat of Colne Valley since the 1892 general election. He was created Baron Airedale on 17 July 1907 and resigned to take a seat in the House of Lords.


1907 Colne Valley by-election, Electoral history
The seat was re-gained from the Liberal Unionists in 1892:


1907 Colne Valley by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal Association selected Philip Bright to defend the seat. He was the son of John Bright the famous Free-trader. The Conservatives selected 35-year-old barrister, Granville Charles Hastings Wheler, later 1st (and last) Baronet of Otterden, as their candidate. He had contested Osgoldcross at the last general election.


1907 Colne Valley by-election, Candidates
Twenty-six-year-old Victor Grayson stood as an Independent Labour candidate, having been nominated by the Colne Valley Labour League. This was the local branch of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), but the ILP and Labour Party both decided against backing Grayson's candidacy. Grayson was born in Liverpool and became an apprentice engineer. He joined the Independent Labour Party and toured the country giving lectures, becoming a well-known orator despite having a stammer.


1907 Colne Valley by-election, Aftermath
Wheler was elected at Faversham at the next general election. Grayson was defeated by a new Liberal candidate:


1907 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1907 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1907 college football season. In their second season under head coach Claude Rothgeb, the Aggies compiled a 0–4 record, finished last in the CFA, and were outscored by a total of 77 to 17.


1907 Colorado Mines Orediggers football team
The 1907 Colorado Mines Orediggers football team was an American football team that represented the Colorado School of Mines as an independent during the 1907 college football season. The team compiled a 5–1 record, shut out four of its six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 175 to 20.


1907 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1907 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1907 college football season. Head coach Frank Castleman led the team to a mark of 2–2 in the CFA and 5–3 overall in his second and final season.


1907 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
The Columbus mayoral election of 1907 was the 56th mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio. It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1907. Republican party nominee Charles A. Bond defeated Judge and Democratic party nominee Thomas A. Duncan.


1907 Connecticut Aggies football team
The 1907 Connecticut Aggies football team represented the Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1907 college football season. The Aggies were led by second year head coach George H. Lamson, and completed the season with a record of 2–5.


1907 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The 1907 Copa de Honor Cousenier was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa de Honor Cousenier, the 3rd. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Uruguayan side CURCC and Argentine team Belgrano A.C..


1907 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The match was held in the Estadio Gran Parque Central in Montevideo, on October 20, 1907. Belgrano beat CURCC 2–1, winning its first Copa Cousenier trophy.


1907 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey 1907 was the 5th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1907 Copa del Rey
The competition started on March 24, 1907, and concluded on March 30, 1907, with the Final Playoff, in which Madrid FC lifted the trophy for the third time in a row.


1907 Copa del Rey, Participants
The tournament reached a new record of participants. Eleven teams registered to participate: FC Barcelona, Moderno of Guadalajara, Recreativo de Huelva, San Sebastián Recreation Club, Athletic de Madrid, Excelsior of Madrid, Hispania of Madrid, Madrid FC, Club Bizcaya (merger of Athletic de Bilbao and Unión Atlética Vizcaína), Hamilton FC of Salamanca and Vigo FC. Moreover, the Catalan regional champion, X Sporting Club, was invited but again refused to participate for internal and financial reasons.


1907 Copa del Rey, Participants
At the last minute, FC Barcelona and San Sebastian RC did not attend the event, while the organization dismissed Moderno Guadalajara. The four teams of Madrid played preliminary rounds to choose one single representative of Madrid region. Madrid FC won the preliminary rounds and qualified.


1907 Copa del Rey, Tiebreaker Playoff Final
Although a round-robin tournament, a final match was played to decide the winners of the competition.


1907 Copa del Rey Final
The 1907 Copa del Rey Final was the 5th final of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition. The match took place on 30 March 1907 at the Hipódromo, Madrid. The match was contested by Club Bizcaya and Madrid CF.


1907 Copa del Rey Final
This match was not exactly a final, as the tournament was a round-robin tournament. Nevertheless, both teams finished with 6 points, son this tiebreaker playoff final was played.


1907 Copa del Rey Final
Madrid FC lifted the trophy for the third time in a row and thus won the trophy in property.


1907 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1907 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 21st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1907 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 2 February 1908, Lees won the championship following a 0-07 to 1-02 defeat of Macroom in the fina. This was their seventh title overall and their first title since 1904.


1907 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1907 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 20th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1907 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Dungourney won the championship following a 5-17 to 0-3 defeat of Castletownroche in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in five championship seasons.


1907 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1907 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1907 college football season. In their first season under head coach Henry Schoellkopf, the Big Red compiled an 8–2 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 176 to 45. Four Cornell players received honors on the 1907 College Football All-America Team: tackle Bernard O'Rourke (WC-2; CW-2; NYP; CF); guard Elmer Thompson (WC-2; CW-2; NYH; NYW; NYP; FY-1, AFR); end Charles H. Watson (CF); and halfback Edward L. McCallie, Cornell (NYW).


1907 County Championship
The 1907 County Championship was the eighteenth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 2 May to 2 September 1907. Nottinghamshire won its first championship title, while Worcestershire and Yorkshire tied for second place. The previous season's winners, Kent, finished in eighth place.


1907 Dartmouth football team
The 1907 Dartmouth football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1907 college football season. In its first season under head coach John C. O'Connor, the team compiled an 8–0–1 record, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 150 to 10. Quarterback John Glaze was the team captain. The team played its home games at Alumni Oval in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1907 Delaware football team
The 1907 Delaware football team was an American football team that represented Delaware College (later renamed the University of Delaware) as an independent during the 1907 college football season. In the its first year under head coach E. Pratt King, the team compiled a 0–5–1 record.


1907 Detroit College Tigers football team
The 1907 Detroit College Tigers football team  was an American football team that represented Detroit College (renamed the University of Detroit in 1911) as an independent during the 1907 college football season. In its first season under head coach George A. Kelly, the team compiled a 1–3 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 59 to 6.


1907 Detroit Tigers season
The 1907 Detroit Tigers won the American League pennant with a record of 92–58, but lost to the Chicago Cubs in the 1907 World Series, four games to none (with one tie). The season was their 7th since they entered the American League in 1901.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Offseason
In March 1907, Detroit manager Hughie Jennings actually offered Ty Cobb to the Cleveland Naps in exchange for Elmer Flick. The Naps refused the deal.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
The 1907 season was the first year the Tigers won the American League pennant. Their 1907 record of 92–58 was the team's best record to that point. Led by Ty Cobb, who led the American League in batting average (Cobb's first batting crown), RBIs, and slugging percentage, and Sam Crawford, who led the league in runs scored and extra base hits, they scored 89 more runs than any other team in the American League and outscored their opponents 694 to 532. They finished 1½ games ahead of the A's.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
The 1907 Tigers' winning percentage ranks as the 9th best in team history, as follows:


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Catchers: Boss Schmidt and Fred Payne
Catching duties were split between Boss Schmidt (67 games), Fred Payne (46 games), and Jimmy Archer (17 games).


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Catchers: Boss Schmidt and Fred Payne
Schmidt hit .244 in 1907. As a young man, Schmidt worked in the coal mines and was a skilled brawler who fought an exhibition match with the heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson. Schmidt also beat Ty Cobb in at least two fights. In the second fight, Schmidt knocked Cobb unconscious but admired Cobb's resiliency, and the two became friends until Schmidt's death in 1932. Schmidt never wore shinguards and could force nails into the floor with his bare fists.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
First baseman Claude Rossman played for the Tigers from 1907 to 1909. In 1907, Rossman hit .277 and had 69 RBIs—third most on the team after Cobb and Crawford. Rossman had a peculiar emotional quirk where he sometimes froze and could not throw the ball when he became excited. Runners would lead off first to draw a throw from the pitcher, then run to second when Rossman froze. He was 28 when he played his last major league game and died at age 46 in a New York hospital for the insane where he had been a patient for several years.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
Red Downs and Germany Schaefer platooned at the second base position for the Tigers in 1907 and 1908. Downs hit .219 in 1907 with 42 RBIs and 28 runs scored. In March 1932, Downs and another man robbed a jewelry store at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. Downs was convicted of first-degree robbery and sentenced to five years to life. He was paroled after 3½ years and returned to Iowa.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
Germany Schaefer was a backup second baseman and utility infielder for the 1907 Tigers. He played 74 games at second base, 18 at shortstop, and 14 at third base. Schaefer is remembered more for his antics than for his performance on the field, including trying to steal first base (from second base) and, coming to bat in the rain with a raincoat and boots (to persuade the umpire to call the games).


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
Schaefer was a pioneer of baseball clowning, and his vaudeville act with teammate Charley O'Leary was inspiration for the MGM musical film  "Take Me Out To The Ball Game" starring Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra. In 1919, a little over a year after Schaefer played his last game, he died at age 42 of tuberculosis at the sanitarium in Saranac Lake, New York.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
Charley O'Leary was Detroit's starting shortstop from 1904 to 1907. In 1907, he hit .241 and scored 61 runs. On September 30, 1934, O'Leary pinch hit for the St. Louis Browns at age 51 and became one of the oldest players to collect a hit and score a run.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
Third baseman Bill Coughlin, known as "Scranton Bill", was named team captain in 1907 and 1908. He was a light-hitting defensive player, who never hit higher than .252 for the Tigers. His 232 putouts in 1901 is the 8th highest single season total in history by a major league third baseman. He is also one of the few MLB players to have stolen 2nd base, 3rd base and home in a single game. Coughlin was also the maestro of the hidden ball trick.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Infield: Rossman, Downs, O'Leary, Coughlin, and Schaefer
Although no known comprehensive list is known to exist of all times when the hidden ball trick has worked, Coughlin reportedly pulled it off seven times (and at three different positions) – more than any other player in MLB history. In Game 2 of the 1907 World Series, Coughlin caught Jimmy Slagle with a hidden ball trick, the only one in World Series history.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Outfield: Cobb, Crawford and Jones
1907 was Ty Cobb's first season as an every-day starter. He won his first batting crown with a .350 average and led the American League in RBIs (119), slugging percentage (.468), hits (212), total bases (283), stolen bases (49), and runs created (106).


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Outfield: Cobb, Crawford and Jones
Right fielder Sam Crawford, known as "Wahoo Sam", was one of the greatest sluggers of the deadball era and still holds the major league records for triples in a career (309) and for inside-the-park home runs in a season (12) and a career (51). He finished his career with 2,961 hits and a .309 batting average. Crawford was among the AL leaders in hits, RBIs, extra base hits, slugging percentage, and total bases every year for twelve consecutive years from 1905 to 1915. In 1907, Crawford finished second in the AL in batting average (.323) behind Cobb, and led the league in runs scored (102) and extra base hits.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Outfield: Cobb, Crawford and Jones
Davy Jones played for the Tigers from 1906 to 1912. With Cobb and Crawford solidly entrenched in the outfield, Jones was forced to battle for the third outfield spot with Matty McIntyre each year from 1906 to 1910. As a speedy leadoff man, he was a reliable run scorer with Cobb and Crawford following him in the lineup. Jones' speed also made him a fine outfielder, with tremendous range  In 1907, he finished second in the AL with 101 runs. In his three World Series for the Tigers, Jones played in 18 games, had a .357 on-base percentage, scored 8 runs, and had a home run in the 1909 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Pitching: Mullin, Killian, Siever, and Donovan
"Wild Bill" Donovan was the Tigers ace in 1907 with a 25–4 record—the best win percentage in Tigers' team history. On May 7, 1906, Donovan stole second base, third base, and home on the front end of a double steal and also hit a triple in the same game. In June 1923, Donovan died in a train wreck.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Pitching: Mullin, Killian, Siever, and Donovan
Ed Killian led the team (and was 2nd in the AL) with a 1.78 ERA and compiled a 25–13 record. As of the end of the 2009 season, Killian's career ERA of 2.38 is the 26th-best in MLB history. Killian also holds the record for fewest home runs allowed, giving up only 9 in his entire career. At one point, Killian pitched a record 1001 innings (from September 1903 – August 1907) without allowing a home run.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Pitching: Mullin, Killian, Siever, and Donovan
George Mullin won 20 games in 1907, but he also lost 20 games. His ERA of 2.59 was the highest among the four Detroit starting pitchers. Mullin holds the Detroit Tigers franchise record for innings pitched (in a career and in a season) and has the second most wins in the team's history. He also pitched the team's first no-hitter; had five 20-win seasons (including a league-leading 29 wins in 1909; twice hit over .310 as a batter); and ranks 7th in major league history for fielding assists by a pitcher.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, The players, Pitching: Mullin, Killian, Siever, and Donovan
The fourth Tiger starter was Ed Siever who had a 2.16 ERA in 1907 with a record of 18–11. Siever's Adjusted ERA+ of 191 for the 1902 Tigers is the second-best (after Hal Newhouser) in Tigers franchise history for a pitcher with more than 150 innings pitched. (See Detroit Tigers award winners and league leaders) Ironically, Siever won fewer games in 1902 than he did any other full season he played.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Player/Manager Hughie Jennings
Hughie "Ee-yah" Jennings led the Tigers to three consecutive American League pennants, in 1907–08–09. Jennings continued to manage the Tigers through the 1920 season, though his team never won another pennant. During his years as Detroit's manager, Jennings became famous for his antics, mostly in the third base coaching box, which variously included shouts of "Ee-Yah", and other whoops, whistles, horns, gyrations, jigs, and grass-plucking. The "Ee-Yah" whoop became his trademark and was accompanied with waves of both arms over his head and a sharp raising of his right knee.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Player/Manager Hughie Jennings
In 1907, he was suspended for taunting opponents with a tin whistle. The "Ee-Yah" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie "Ee-Yah" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout "Ee-Yah" when Jennings would appear on the field. (See also Jack Smile, Ee-yah: The Life And Times Of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall Of Famer)


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Player/Manager Hughie Jennings
Behind the antics was a great coaching mind. Connie Mack called Jennings one of the three greatest managers in history, along with John McGraw and Joe McCarthy.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1907 Detroit Tigers season, Awards and honors, Players ranking among top 100 all time at position
The following members of the 1909 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their position, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:


1907 Detroit Tigers season, World Series, World Series summary
In the 1907 World Series, the Chicago Cubs beat the Tigers 4 games to none (with one tie). With pitching dominance over the Tigers and Cobb, the Cubs allowed only three runs in the four games they won, while stealing 18 bases off the rattled Tigers.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, World Series, World Series summary
In Game 1, Tigers pitcher Bill Donovan struck out twelve Cubs in 12 innings. The Tigers scored three runs, in part due to three Chicago errors, in the 8th inning and held a 3–1 lead going into the bottom of the 9th. The Cubs loaded the bases on a single, walk and infield error with one out. Detroit conceded a run on a ground ball for the second out and Cub player-manager Frank Chance then used pinch-hitter Del Howard to bat for Joe Tinker.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, World Series, World Series summary
Howard struck out against "Wild" Bill Donovan (25–4 in the regular season) but the ball got away from catcher Boss Schmidt, allowing Harry Steinfeldt to score the tying run. Donovan got the next batter but the damage to Detroit has been done. The teams then played three scoreless innings before the game was called on account of darkness and declared a tie, a first for the World Series.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, World Series, World Series summary
In Game 2, George Mullin, a 20-game winner and loser for Detroit in 1907 and who had walked over 100 batters in each of his last five seasons, issues a bases-loaded walk in the 2nd inning to tie the game at 1–1. Chicago scored two more in the 4th on a single, sacrifice bunt, RBI single, stolen base and double to take a 3–1 lead.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, World Series, World Series summary
In Game 3, Cubs pitcher Ed Reulbach scattered six hits as Chicago jumped on Tiger starter Ed Siever for four runs on seven hits in only four innings. Johnny Evers had three hits, including two doubles, as the Cubs took a 2–0 lead in the series.


1907 Detroit Tigers season, World Series, World Series summary
In Game 4, Detroit held a 1–0 lead on a triple by Ty Cobb and an RBI single by Claude Rossman before a rain delay in the 5th inning. When play resumed, Chicago baserunners reached via an error and a walk. After Joe Tinker sacrificed, pitcher Orval Overall drove both runners home on a single to right field. The Cubs scored three more in the 7th without hitting the ball out of the infield on four bunts (two for hits) and two ground balls.