1906 United Kingdom general election
The Liberals, led by Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman, won a landslide majority at the election. The Conservatives led by Arthur Balfour, who had been in government until the month before the election, lost more than half their seats, including party leader Balfour's own seat in Manchester East, leaving the party with its fewest recorded seats ever in history. The election saw a 5.4% swing from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party, the largest-ever seen at the time (however, if only looking at seats contested in both 1900 and 1906, the Conservative vote fell by 11.6%). This has resulted in the 1906 general election being dubbed the "Liberal landslide", and is now ranked alongside the 1931, 1945, 1983, 1997 and 2001 general elections as one of the largest landslide election victories.


1906 United Kingdom general election
The Labour Representation Committee was far more successful than at the 1900 general election and after the election would be renamed the Labour Party with 29 MPs and Keir Hardie as leader. The Irish Parliamentary Party, led by John Redmond, achieved its seats with a relatively low number of votes, as 73 candidates stood unopposed.


1906 United Kingdom general election
This election was a landslide defeat for the Conservative Party and their Liberal Unionist allies, with the primary reason given by historians as the party's weakness after its split over the issue of free trade (Joseph Chamberlain had resigned from government in September 1903 in order to campaign for Tariff Reform, which would allow "preferential tariffs"). Many working-class people at the time saw this as a threat to the price of food, hence the debate was nicknamed "Big Loaf, Little Loaf". The Liberals' landslide victory of 125 seats over all other parties led to the passing of social legislation known as the Liberal reforms.


1906 United Kingdom general election
This was the last general election in which the Liberals won an absolute majority in the House of Commons, and the last general election in which they won the popular vote. It was also the last peacetime election held more than five years after the previous one prior to passage of the Parliament Act 1911, which limited the duration of Parliaments in peacetime to five years. The Conservative Party's seat total of 156 MPs remains its worst result ever in a general election.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview
A coalition between the Conservative and Liberal Unionist parties had governed the United Kingdom since the 1895 general election. Arthur Balfour had served as Prime Minister from 1902 until 5 December 1905, when he chose to resign over growing unpopularity. Instead of calling a general election, Balfour had hoped that under a Liberal government, splits would re-emerge; which would therefore help the Conservative Party achieve victory at the next general election.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview
The incoming Liberal government chose to capitalise on the Conservative government's unpopularity and called an immediate general election one month later on 12 January 1906, which resulted in a crushing defeat for the Conservatives.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
The Unionist government had become deeply divided over the issue of free trade, which soon became an electoral liability. This culminated in Joseph Chamberlain's resignation from the government in May 1903 to campaign for tariff reform in order to protect British industry from foreign competition. This division was in contrast to the Liberal Party's belief in free trade, which it argued would help keep costs of living down.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
The issue of free trade became the feature of the Liberal campaign, under the slogan 'big loaf' under a Liberal government, 'little loaf' under a Conservative government. It also commissioned a variety of posters warning the electorate over rises in food prices under protectionist policies, including one which mentioned that "Balfour and Chamberlain are linked together against free trade ... Don't be deceived by Tory tricks".


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
The Boer War had also contributed to the unpopularity of the Conservative and Unionist government. The war had lasted over two and half years, much longer than had originally been expected, while details were revealed of the existence of concentration camps where over 20,000 men, women and children were reported to have died because of poor sanitation.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
The war had also unearthed the poor social state of the country in the early-1900s. This was after more than 40% of military recruits for the Boer War were declared unfit for military service, while in Manchester alone; 8,000 of the 11,000 men who had been recruited had to be turned away for being in poor physical condition. This was after the 1902 Rowntree study of poverty in York showed that almost one-third of the population lived below the 'poverty line', which helped to increase the calls for social reforms, something which had been neglected by the Conservative and Unionist government.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
The Conservative and Unionist Prime Minister, Arthur Balfour, had been blamed over the issue of 'Chinese Slavery', which was the use of Chinese-indentured labour in South Africa. This became controversial among the Conservative Party's middle-class supporters, who saw it as unethical, while the working-class also objected to the practice, as White emigration to South Africa could have created jobs for the unemployed in Britain.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
Protestant Nonconformists were angered when Conservatives pushed through the Education Act 1902, which integrated denominational schools into the state system and provided for their support from taxes. The local school boards that they largely controlled were abolished and replaced by county governments that were usually controlled by Anglicans. Worst of all, the traditionally better-endowed and socially superior Anglican schools would thus receive funding from local taxes that everyone had to pay. One tactic was to refuse to pay local taxes.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Overview, Conservative unpopularity
The school system played a major role in the Liberal victory in 1906, as Dissenter (nonconformist) Conservatives punished their old party and voted Liberal. However, the Liberals were conscious of the call to fair treatment their victory had in the counties and neither repealed or modified the 1902 law. Another issue which lost the Conservatives nonconformist votes was the Licensing Act 1904. Although the legislation aimed to reduce the number of public houses, it proposed to compensate brewers for the cancellation of their licence, leading many who adhered to temperance to denounce it as a "brewers' bill".


1906 United Kingdom general election, Results
Results of London (and the Croydon county borough double-seat) and the seven W. and N. divisions, seats, of administrative Middlesex


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis
The election of 1906 led eventually to old-age pensions, the Trade Boards Act of 1909 which applied minimum wages to the 'sweated trades', the redistributive 1909 'people's budget', the introduction of labour exchanges, the National Insurance Act of 1911, and the Parliament Act of that year which removed the House of Lords' veto on legislation from the Commons ...


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis
Though the eventual achievements of the parliament elected in 1906 were remarkable, the election was something of a fluke; the scale of the Liberal victory was in direct proportion to the scale of preceding Tory blunders but it exaggerated the degree of dependable Liberal support in the country. The subsequent elections in January and December 1910, during the crisis over the people's budget, saw the number of Liberal MPs reduced to 275 and 272 respectively, while Conservative support recovered and the party, together with their Liberal Unionist allies, took 273 and then 272 seats.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis, Notable results
The landslide Liberal victory led to many Conservative and Unionist MPs losing what had previously been regarded as safe seats. This resulted in prominent Conservative ministers being unseated including former Prime Minister Arthur Balfour. Only three of the Conservative cabinet which had served until December 1905 (one month before the election) held onto their seats, the outgoing: Home Secretary Aretas Akers-Douglas, Chancellor Austen Chamberlain (Liberal Unionist), Secretary of State for War H.O. Arnold-Forster who changed to that allied party before the election.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis, Notable results, Manchester East
Arthur Balfour, who entered the general election as the Conservative Party leader and had until the month before been Prime Minister, unexpectedly lost his seat in the Manchester East constituency, a seat which he had represented since 1885. The result in Manchester East saw a large 22.4% swing to the Liberal candidate Thomas Gardner Horridge, much larger than the national 5.4% swing to the Liberals.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis, Notable results, Manchester East
The Liberal candidate in Manchester East had been helped by a pact with the local Labour Party. Horridge said of his victory that "East Manchester is essentially a Labour constituency and the great Labour party has supported my candidacy very thoroughly and very loyally". He also said that "[Manchester East constituents] have returned me, I take it, first to uphold free trade, next to deal with Chinese labour, and after that to support legislation on the lines laid down in the programme of the Labour party, with which I am heartily in accord".


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis, Notable results, Manchester East
Balfour's unseating became symbolic of the Conservative Party's landslide defeat. The result has since been called one of the biggest upsets in British political history and remains the only instance of a former Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition losing their seat in a General election.


1906 United Kingdom general election, Analysis, Gladstone–MacDonald pact
Prior to the 1906 general election, the Labour and Liberal parties negotiated an informal agreement to ensure the anti-Conservative vote was not split between the two parties. The Gladstone–MacDonald pact agreed in 1903 meant that, in 31 of the 50 seats where Labour Party candidates stood, the Liberal Party did not put up a candidate. This proved helpful to both parties, as 24 of Labour's 29 elected MPs came from constituencies where the Liberal Party agreed not to contest, while the pact allowed the Liberals to concentrate resources on Conservative/Liberal marginal constituencies.


1906 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The 1906 United Kingdom general election in Ireland was held in January 1906. Ninety-nine of the seats were in single-member districts using the first-past-the-post electoral system, and the constituencies of Cork City and Dublin University were two-member districts using block voting.


1906 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
In the election as a whole, the Liberal Party won a clear majority in the election across the United Kingdom and Henry Campbell-Bannerman was appointed as Prime Minister. This was the first time since the split in the Liberal Party in 1886 that they governed without the support of the Irish Parliamentary Party.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1906 were held for members of the 60th Congress, in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections
As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party, but retained a large overall majority. Dissatisfaction with working conditions and resentment toward union busting among industrial laborers in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest caused these groups to turn out to the polls in large numbers in support of the Democratic Party. However, gains in these regions were not enough to remove the Republican majority or the firm support that the party held among the middle class.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates
In 1906, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:


1906 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates
Oklahoma was admitted in 1907 and held its first congressional elections on September 17, 1907.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections, Non-voting delegates, New Mexico Territory
New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate November 6, 1906.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1906 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1906. All eight districts remained Republican.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida for three seats in the 60th Congress were held on November 6, 1906.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background
Florida was represented by three Democrats in 1906, continuing their long-term domination of politics in Florida (and other Southern States). In the previous election, the Democratic candidate had faced a Republican and a Socialist opponent. In 1906, in contrast, the Socialists ran candidates in the 1st and 3rd district, while the Republicans ran a candidate in the 2nd district, so that each district had only two candidates running. All three incumbents ran successfully for re-election.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 1906, to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All seven incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George Swinton Legaré of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1903, defeated Republican challenger Aaron P. Prioleau.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James O'H. Patterson of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1905, won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican Isaac Myers in the general election.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Wyatt Aiken of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1903, defeated Julius E. Boggs in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Joseph T. Johnson of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1901, won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican David C. Gist in the general election.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman David E. Finley of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1899, defeated Thomas J. Strait in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman J. Edwin Ellerbe of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1905, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1906 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Asbury Francis Lever of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1901, defeated Republican challenger Aaron D. Dantzler.


1906 United States elections
The 1906 United States elections elected the members of the 60th United States Congress. It occurred in the middle of Republican President Theodore Roosevelt's second (only full) term, during the Fourth Party System. Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress.


1906 United States elections
Democrats won several seats in the House, but Republicans retained a solid majority in the chamber.


1906 United States elections
In the Senate, Republicans won moderate gains and maintained their commanding majority in the chamber.


1906 United States elections
This marked the most recent time in which a sitting two-term Republican president retained both chambers of Congress after his second midterm.


1906 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1906, in 28 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 6, 1906 (except in Arkansas, Georgia, Maine, Oregon and Vermont, which held early elections).


1906 United States gubernatorial elections
In Iowa, the gubernatorial election was held in an even-numbered year for the first time, having previously been held in odd-numbered years with the previous election taking place in 1903.


1906 United States gubernatorial elections
In Oregon, the gubernatorial election was held in June for the last time, moving to the same day as federal elections from the 1910 elections.


1906 University of New Mexico football team
The 1906 University of New Mexico football team was an American football team represented the University of New Mexico as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its second season under head coach Martin F. Angell, the team compiled a 3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 59 to 30. Bernard H. Crawford was the team captain.


1906 University of Utah football team
The 1906 University of Utah football team was an American football team that represented the University of Utah as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its third season under head coach Joe Maddock, the team compiled a 6–1 record, shut out six of seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 170 to 6. The team played its home games at Cummings Field in Salt Lake City. Fred Bennion, who later served as the team's head coach, was the team captain.


1906 Uruguayan Primera División
The 1905 Primera División was the 5th. season of top-flight football in Uruguay.


1906 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
The tournament consisted of a round-robin championship. It involved six teams, and the champion was Montevideo Wanderers, being the first time that a club other than CURCC or Nacional won the Primera División.


1906 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
As a curiosity during this championship, Nacional presented two teams to the competition, their official team and a second team formed by substitutes players, which was called "Nacional B". This was the first and only time in the editions of the Uruguayan Championships that a club participated with two teams.


1906 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1906 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah Agricultural College (later renamed Utah State University) during the 1906 college football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach George P. Campbell, the Aggies compiled a 3–1 record but were outscored by a total of 51 to 38.


1906 VFA season
The 1906 Victorian Football Association season was the 30th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the West Melbourne Football Club, after defeating Footscray in the close final by eleven points. It was the first and only premiership won by West Melbourne during its nine-season stint in the VFA.


1906 VFA season, Premiership
The home-and-away season was played over eighteen rounds, with each club playing the others twice; then, the top four clubs contested a finals series under the amended Argus system to determine the premiers for the season.


1906 VFA season, Notable events, Interleague matches
The VFA's second match against the S.A.F.A. was originally scheduled to be played on an otherwise vacant day in the Melbourne football calendar, with a bye week in both the League and Association, and the V.F.L. team playing in Ballarat. However, the VFL made a change by shifting two of its 4 August matches onto 11 August, much to the VFA's chagrin, severely affecting the crowd at the game.


1906 VFL Grand Final
The 1906 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Carlton Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 22 September 1906. It was the 9th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1906 VFL season. The match, attended by 44,437 spectators, was won by Carlton by a margin of 49 points, marking that club's first VFL premiership victory.


1906 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up
After the home-and-away season (which lasted for seventeen matches, including the "first round" of fourteen matches and a "second round" of three matches), Carlton was top of the ladder with a record of 14–3 and a percentage of 153.5; Fitzroy finished second with a record of 13–4 and a percentage of 153.3.


1906 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up
The finals were contested using the variation of the amended Argus system seen between 1902–1906. Fitzroy faced fourth-placed Essendon in the First Semi-Final, and won by 36 points, and Carlton faced third-placed Collingwood in the Second Semi-Final and won by ten points. Carlton and Fitzroy then faced off to decide the premiers.


1906 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up, Right to challenge
The winner of this match would automatically win the premiership; no team had the right to challenge for the premiership this season. Under the variation of the Argus System in use between 1902–1906, the club with the best record in all matches (including finals) could have challenged for the premiership if it had not won this game.


1906 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up, Right to challenge
However, whichever team won this game would have become the team with the best record, depriving the other of any right to challenge. Entering the match, Carlton had a record of 15–3, and Fitzroy had a record of 14–4 but a superior percentage (155.6 to Carlton's 151.2).


1906 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up, Right to challenge
In the event of a Carlton win, Carlton's 16–3 record would have ranked above Fitzroy's 14–5, but in the event of a Fitzroy win, both clubs would have been level on 15–4, but Fitzroy would have been ranked above Carlton with a superior percentage.


1906 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up, Right to challenge
This is different from the ruling which would have been used under the more widely known variation of the Argus System, which was in use from 1907–1930, with the exception of 1924. In that variation, the team with the best record in matches excluding finals had the right to challenge; as Carlton had the best record after 17 weeks, it would have retained the right to challenge, regardless of finals results.


1906 VFL season
The 1906 Victorian Football League season was the 10th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1906 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1906, the VFL competition consisted of eight teams of 18 on-the-field players each, with no "reserves", although any of the 18 players who had left the playing field for any reason could later resume their place on the field at any time during the match.


1906 VFL season, Premiership season
Each team played each other twice in a home-and-away season of 14 rounds. Then, based on ladder positions after those 14 rounds, three further 'sectional rounds' were played, with the teams ranked 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th playing in one section and the teams ranked 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th playing in the other.


1906 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 17 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1906 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the amended "Argus system".


1906 VFL season, Grand final
Carlton defeated Fitzroy 15.4 (94) to 6.9 (45). (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football).


1906 VMI Keydets football team
The 1906 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their 16th season of organized football. The Keydets went an even 4–4 under second-year head coach Ira Johnson.


1906 VPI football team
The 1906 VPI football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1906 college football season. The team was led by their head coach Sally Miles and finished with a record of five wins, two losses, and two ties (5–2–2).


1906 VPI football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1906 football team according to the roster published in the 1907 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake
The 1906 Valparaíso earthquake hit Valparaíso, Chile, on August 16 at 19:55 local time. Its epicenter was offshore from the Valparaíso Region, and its intensity was estimated at magnitude 8.2 Mw. This earthquake occurred thirty minutes after the 1906 Aleutian Islands earthquake.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake
Much of Valparaíso was destroyed; there was severe damage in central Chile from Illapel to Talca. The earthquake was felt from Tacna to Puerto Montt. Reports said the earthquake lasted four minutes. A tsunami was also generated. The earthquake killed a reported 3,882 people.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake
The record of previous seismic activity includes major earthquakes in 1647, 1730 and 1822. The 1906 disaster was predicted by Captain Arturo Middleton, Chief of the Chilean Army Meteorological Office, in a letter that was published in El Mercurio, one week before it occurred.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake
Admiral Luis Gómez Carreño ordered the shooting of at least 15 people, who were caught looting after the earthquake. A Board for Reconstruction was formed some weeks after the earthquake. The Seismological Service of Chile was also created.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Background
Chile lies above a convergent plate boundary, an area where the Nazca Plate under the Pacific Ocean is subducted or moved beneath the South American Plate. In the region around Valparaiso, the rate of convergence is about 70 mm/yr. As these two plates converge, it drives the Nazca plate with massive movements called megathrust earthquakes. The 1906 event was one of many large earthquakes in Chile along this plate boundary. Earthquakes can originate at the plate interface itself or within either the subducting or overriding plates.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Background
Citing the conjunction of Neptune with the moon, Captain Arturo Middleton, Chief of the Chilean Army's Meteorological Office, predicted the earthquake in a letter published in the Valparaíso newspaper El Mercurio on August 6. Captain Middleton was severely criticized in the following days, and was described as "ignorant and obscurantist."


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake characteristics
On August 16, 1906, at 19:55 local time, while most Chileans were dining, a subterraneous sound was heard, and before it ended, the first tremor occurred, lasting about four minutes. The second tremor occurred at 20:06 and, although it lasted only two minutes, was much more violent. There were numerous aftershocks: at least 56 of them occurred during the first 24 hours after the beginning tremors.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake characteristics
The magnitude of the earthquake has been estimated to be 8.4 ML, 8.2 Mw or Ms = 8.2–8.3. The energy release has been re-evaluated with an estimated seismic moment of 2.8 x 1028, equivalent to a magnitude of 8.26 Mw . The rupture length of the earthquake has been estimated at about 200 km with a focal depth of about 40 km. The focal mechanism has been assessed using contemporary seismograph records from five stations, which were published soon after the earthquake. The data suggest that the earthquake was probably along the subduction interface. Modelling of a tsunami using these source parameters shows that this earthquake was the origin of the transpacific tsunamis recorded that same day in Hawaii and Japan, rather than the almost contemporaneous 1906 Aleutian Islands earthquake.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake characteristics
The 30-minute time gap between the Aleutian and Chilean earthquakes is thought to be coincidental, with no causal link between the two.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Damage
The earthquake caused damage throughout Central Chile, from Illapel to Talca. There were several destructive fires in El Almendral (from Plaza de la Victoria to Cerro Barón), Mercado Cardonal, Teatro de la Victoria (Victory Theatre), the Intendencia, the Maritime Government in Sotomayor Square and the Fiscal Dock at the port.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Damage
The earthquake was also felt in Santiago, the capital of Chile. The newspaper El Mercurio reported in its August 17 edition that "the earthquake was produced in a violent way since its beginning, and provoked an indescribable panic through all the four thousands of inhabitants of Santiago and an unprecedented terror in the last years. Two or three-story buildings, even the most solid ones such as the National Congress, were swinging like a vessel in the sea. The shakings were so strong that many people thought the earth was going to open itself in deep and long strips."


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Damage
According to the University of Chile, there were 3,882 deaths. The earthquake left more than 20,000 injured.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Damage
On August 19, Admiral Luis Gómez Carreño was appointed Plaza Port Chief. Gómez ordered the distribution of water and food, removal of corpses and demolition of buildings in risk of collapse, from a tent in Plaza de La Victoria. Adm. Gómez ordered the shooting of at least 15 people who had committed crimes during the aftermath.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Relief efforts
Despite the state of the city, authorities quickly organized themselves into relief groups. Firefighters from other cities of Chile, including Santiago, Concepción and Talcahuano, moved to Valparaíso to help the local Fire Bureau. Physician José Grossi worked to counteract the plagues that followed the earthquake.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Relief efforts
On August 25, President Germán Riesco and President-Elect Pedro Montt arrived at Valparaíso. They arrived there by train, on foot, or horseback to survey the magnitude of the disaster.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Relief efforts
Some weeks after the earthquake, a Board for Reconstruction was formed, using money received from other countries.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Aftermath
In 1906, the Seismological Service of Chile (Servicio Sismológico de Chile) was created. Its first chief executive was Fernand de Montessus de Ballore.


1906 Valparaíso earthquake, Aftermath
The effects of this historic seismic event in the Valparaíso rupture zone would be studied and measurable in the context of further seismic activity in this vicinity.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1906 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team's head coach was Dan McGugin, who served his third season in that capacity. Members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA), the Commodores played seven home games in Nashville, Tennessee at Curry Field, and finished the season with a record of 8–1 overall and 5–0 in SIAA.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1906 Vanderbilt team had one of the best seasons in the school's history, outscoring opponents 278–16. Innis Brown rated the 1906 team as the best the South ever had. Vanderbilt won all of its home games, finishing the season on a 23-game home win streak. Their only loss came on the road to western power Michigan, 10–4; the game had been tied until the closing minutes.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
Seven of the Commodores' eight wins came by shutout – only two teams scored on them all season. Several teams failed to gain a single first down against the Commodores. The team most notably defeated northern power Carlisle by a single Bob Blake field goal 4–0. Back Owsley Manier was selected third-team All-America by Walter Camp, the South's first.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Before the season
Notable losses from the 1905 team included Bachelor of Ugliness Ed Hamilton, captain Innis Brown, and quarterback Frank Kyle.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Before the season, Rule changes
At the end of 1905 football looked about to be abolished due to all of the reoccurring violence during games. Football was a sport that had degenerated into dangerous tactics such as: the flying wedge, punching, kicking, piling-on, and elbows to the face. Almost any violent behavior was allowed. Fatalities and injuries mounted during the 1905 season.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Before the season, Rule changes
As a result, the 1906 season was played under a new set of rules. The rules governing intercollegiate football were changed to promote a more open and less dangerous style of play. An intercollegiate conference, which would become the forerunner of the NCAA, approved radical changes including  the legalization of the forward pass, allowing the punting team to recover an on-side kick as a live ball, abolishing the dangerous flying wedge, creating a neutral zone between offense and defense, and doubling the first-down distance to 10 yards, to be gained in three downs.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 1: Kentucky State
In a 28–0 win over Kentucky State College to open the season, Owsley Manier scored three touchdowns and the Commodores as a whole rushed for 630 yards. G. A. Hall had a 33-yard punt return for a touchdown. The Commodores were penalized several times. Kentucky never had a first down and had to punt after second down.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 1: Kentucky State
The starting lineup was: Stone (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); King (left guard); Wynne (center); Sherrill (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); Crawford (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 2: Mississippi
Vanderbilt easily beat Mississippi 29–0. Like McGugin, Mississippi's coach Thomas S. Hammond was a Michigan alumnus. One account reads: "whatever hopes the spectators had of seeing a close and exciting football game today when Vanderbilt faced Mississippi were shattered in the very first five minutes of play." The stars of the contest were Dan Blake and Honus Craig. Mississippi failed to gain a single first down. Umpire Henry D. Phillips kicked Joe Pritchard out of the contest for roughing.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 2: Mississippi
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); E. Noel (left tackle); McLain (left guard); Stone (center); Chorn (right guard); Pritchard (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); D. Blake (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 3: Alabama
The only loss of the year for the Alabama Crimson Tide was its biggest ever loss to Vanderbilt, 78–0. Seven of Alabama's regular players were out with injuries. Vanderbilt executed several onside kicks from scrimmage. Owsley Manier scored five touchdowns  as: "the back field frequently went twenty-five or thirty yards over the line". Alabama was held to just a single first down. Due to injuries, Alabama had not wished to play, and: "the comparatively few who came to see them play were scarcely rewarded by seeing touchdowns made every two minutes."


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 3: Alabama
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); McLain (left guard); Stone (center), Chorn (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); D. Blake (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 4: Texas
Vanderbilt romped over the Texas Longhorns 45–0. Sam Costen had a run of 61 yards, Dan Blake one of 52, and Vaughn Blake 42. Two other touchdowns were had by Vanderbilt but referee Bradley Walker called the team back for holding. The Texas men seemed equal to Vanderbilt's in physique, yet they too failed to net a first down.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 4: Texas
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); Chorn (left guard); Stone (center); McLain (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); Craig (left halfback); D. Blake (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
On November 3, Vanderbilt lost to the Michigan Wolverines by a 10–4 score. The game remained tied at 4–4 until the closing minutes. The Masonic Theater in Nashville was crowded with those who had come to see the game detailed.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
Before the game, Michigan coach Fielding Yost said: "I have said right along that the Vanderbilt team would come nearer beating us than any team ever did... In Craig, Blake, and Manier I think Vanderbilt has the three greatest backs of any one team in the country." On the night just before the game, 4,200 students attended a mass meeting at University Hall. McGugin and Yost both spoke to the crowd and agreed that the game would be one of the closest played in Ann Arbor in many years. D. G. Fite, father-in-law of both McGugin and Yost, traveled from his home in Tennessee to watch the game.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
John Garrels put Michigan ahead with a field goal from the 25-yard line. On the preceding drive, Garrels had completed a 15-yard forward pass to Bishop, the first legal forward pass completed by Michigan under the new rules. Michigan led, 4–0, at halftime. Early in the second half, Vanderbilt tied the score with a field goal by Dan Blake from the 30-yard line. With two minutes left in the game, Garrels ran 68 yards for a touchdown. The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote: "Garrels, on a fake kick, with splendid interference by Hammond, Curtis, and Workman, ran Vanderbilt's left end at lightning speed for sixty-eight yards and a touchdown." Curtis kicked the extra point, and Michigan led, 10–4.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 5: at Michigan
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); Chorn (left guard); Stone (center); McLain (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); Craig (left halfback); D. Blake (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 6: Rose Polytechnic
The 33 to 0 win over Rose Polytechnic proved the surprise of the season. Owsley Manier again scored five touchdowns, but he also: "probably prevented the visitors from scoring by his clever defensive work." Bob Blake kicked four extra points and a 20-yard field goal from placement.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 6: Rose Polytechnic
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); McLain (left guard); Stone (center); Chorn (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); D. Blake (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 7: at Georgia Tech
Vanderbilt defeated coach John Heisman, who had helped legalize the forward pass, and his Georgia Tech team in the rain and mud of Atlanta 37–6. Lobster Brown scored Tech's points. Atlanta Constitution sportswriter Alex Lynn wrote after the  game that Owsley Manier was: "the greatest fullback and all round man ever seen in Atlanta." He again scored five touchdowns.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 7: at Georgia Tech
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); McLain (left guard); Stone (center); Chorn (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); D. Blake (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Carlisle
On Thanksgiving, the Commodores reached the season's high point and beat the Carlisle Indians 4–0. Just a week before the contest, Vanderbilt negotiated a game with Carlisle to fill an open date. The Nashville Banner predicted it would be: "the greatest game the south ever saw." The game started forty-five minutes late to accommodate the large crowd.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Carlisle
Vanderbilt won by a single, 17-yard Bob Blake field goal 4–0. In the first two minutes of play, the Indians drove the ball to Vanderbilt's 3-yard line, but the Commodores line held and they got no further. Frank Mount Pleasant, one of the first regular spiral pass quarterbacks, attempted four field goals, but missed them all.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Carlisle
Atlanta Constitution sporting editor A. W. Lynn wrote: "The general surprises are numerous enough, but the largest particular one was the Commodore–Indian contest, when Vanderbilt took off the greatest honors ever falling to the lot of a southern football team in the hardest battle ever fought on a southern gridiron. John Heisman wrote: "Manier bucked the Indians' line. Costen handled the ball surely and well downed Mt. Pleasant in his tracks on most of Blake's punts...I am still convinced that outside Yale and Princeton, the Commodores would have an even break with any other team in the country." Vanderbilt running back Honus Craig called this his hardest game, giving special praise to Albert Exendine as: "the fastest end I ever saw."


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Carlisle
One source claims the Carlisle Indians failed to receive supplies on the trip to Nashville, including their receiving carboys emptied of water. "The Indians had the poorest kind of accommodations at Nashville, and on account of the change of water every one of them became ill."


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 8: Carlisle
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); McLain (left guard); Stone (center); Chorn (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarterback); D. Blake (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 9: Sewanee
Despite Vanderbilt's strong record, the Sewanee Tigers were undefeated and felt cause for optimism in the effective Southern championship. One account recalls: "A high authority on foot-ball said the other day: Vanderbilt is not invincible, by a good deal. The Sewanee "Tigers" are going to Nashville on Thursday to prove that fact." Vanderbilt struggled, but still won 20–0. "With Vandy making only 20 points–Vandy was stale, was the explanation." After the big win over Carlisle, "a matter-of-course feeling pervaded the entire game." The first score of the game came on a 25-yard field goal. The first touchdown came from Owsley Manier. In the second half, Bob Blake made a 22-yard field goal, and Manier got another touchdown.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Week 9: Sewanee
The starting lineup was: V. Blake (left end); Pritchard (left tackle); McLain (left guard); Stone (center); Chorn (right guard); E. Noel (right tackle); B. Blake (right end); Costen (quarter); D. Blake (left halfback); Craig (right halfback); Manier (fullback).


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post-season
Vanderbilt won an SIAA championship. Coach McGugin called the Carlisle victory "the crowning feat of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association season."


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post-season
Dan Blake, Owsley Manier, and Joe Pritchard all graduated. Manier went on to receive an M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania, and played one season on the football team. "But his effectiveness at Pennsylvania was lessened by the attempt of the coaches to change his style of bucking a line from the low, plunging dive to running into it erect, knees drawn high and great dependence upon his companion backs to "hike" him." At Penn he was shifted to halfback, and mostly used for swift plunges into the line. Penn defeated Michigan, exacting revenge for the multiple losses suffered by Manier to Michigan at Vanderbilt.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post-season
Dan Blake went on to coach at Hopkinsville High School in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. While there he was manager of the electric light and gas plants of the Kentucky Public Service Company. Pritchard coached at LSU for part of one season and was later a Presbyterian dental missionary at Luebo in the Congo until he was forced to return to the United States due to poor health sometime before 1915.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post-season, Awards and honors
For some, Vanderbilt's eleven was the entire All-Southern team. Fullback Owsley Manier was selected third-team All-America by Walter Camp. This makes Manier the first Southern player to make any of Camp's teams.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Post-season, Legacy
In 1911, Innis Brown rated the 1906 team as the best the South ever had. Sportswriter Joe Williams recalled "I suppose the first great Southern team was Vanderbilt of 1906."


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Personnel, Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Vanderbilt's lineup during the 1906 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics a short punt formation while on offense, with the quarterback under center.


1906 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Personnel, Scoring leaders
In 1906, touchdowns were worth 5 points and field goals 4.


1906 Vanderbilt Cup
The 1906 Vanderbilt Cup was a motor race held on a 29.7 mile street circuit on Long Island, New York on October 6, 1906.


1906 Vanderbilt Cup
Just like the 1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race, this race was stopped as the crowd invaded the course.


1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race
The 1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race was a motor race run to decide which five cars would represent the United States in the international 1906 Vanderbilt Cup.


1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race
The race was run on September 22, 1906, over ten laps on a 29-mile course near Westbury, Long Island, New York. "Crowded excursion trains followed one another from midnight until long after the race had started, discharging thousands at Mineola, Westbury, Hicksville and other stations about the course. Country people from miles around journeyed to the course until the multitude numbered more than 100,000. At least 5,000 automobiles, carrying gay parties of men and women lined the course." The race started at 06:00 in the morning with cars leaving at one-minute intervals. Mongini, Matheson, burst a tire on the first lap, hitting a telephone pole. He and his mechanic Green were thrown from the car but suffered only bruising. When Tracy crossed the finish line the race was stopped due to the crowd invading the circuit.


1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race
The following team was chosen to represent America: Joseph Tracy (100-hp. Locomobile), Hubert LeBlon (115-hp. Thomas), H.N. Harding (50-hp. Haynes), Frank Lawell (110-hp. Frayer-Miller), and J. Walter Christie (50-hp. Christie). "Only the first three covered the full course, and Lawell and Christie were given places on the team; the former owing to the fact that he was still running when the race was called off, and the latter owing to the disqualification of Lyttle (Pope-Toledo), for being towed." During the elimination contest: "Lawell was closely pressing Christie for the fifth place."


1906 Vermont Green and Gold football team
The 1906 Vermont Green and Gold football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In their second year under head coach George B. Drake, the team compiled a 5–4 record.


1906 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1906 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 4, 1906. In keeping with the Republican Party's "Mountain Rule", incumbent Republican Charles J. Bell, did not run for a second term as Governor of Vermont. At the start of the year, Percival W. Clement and Fletcher D. Proctor were the leading candidates for the Republican nomination. When it became clear that Proctor had the support of the delegates, Clement ended his campaign for the nomination. He filed as an Independent candidate for the general election and was subsequently endorsed by the Democratic Party. In the general election, Proctor easily defeated Clement.


1906 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1906 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1906 college football season. The Wildcats team captain was Charles McGeehan.


1906 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1906 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1906 college football season.


1906 WAFA season
The 1906 WAFA season was the 22nd season of senior Australian rules football in Perth, Western Australia.


1906 WSPU march
The 1906 WSPU march on 19 February 1906 was the first march held in London to demand the right to vote for women in  the United Kingdom. Organized by Sylvia Pankhurst and Annie Kenney of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), the event saw around 300–400 women march through central London to the House of Commons. It was held to coincide with the King's Speech and the opening of Parliament.


1906 WSPU march
Two hundred women from Bow, Bromley, Canning Town and Poplar in the East End marched to Caxton Hall, near the Commons, from St. James's Park tube station. There, Emmeline Pankhurst heard there was no mention of votes for women in the King's Speech and led the women on another march to the Commons Strangers' Entrance. Over the following two hours, the women were allowed to enter in groups of 20 to lobby their MPs. The Daily Mirror reported the event on page 5: "Voteless Women. 3,000 [sic] Demonstrators March Behind a Red Banner. Smiling but Earnest."


1906 WSPU march
Emmeline Pankhurst saw the march as the beginning of a militant women's suffrage movement. The women "were awake at last", she wrote. "They were prepared to do something that women had never done before—fight for themselves. Women had always fought for men, and for their children. Now they were ready to fight for their own human rights. Our militant movement was established."


1906 Washington & Jefferson Red and Black football team
The 1906 Washington & Jefferson Red and Black football team represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1906 college football season. Led by second-year head Frank Piekarski, Washington & Jefferson compiled a record of 9–2.


1906 Washington Senators season
The 1906 Washington Senators won 55 games, lost 95, and finished in seventh place in the American League. They were managed by Jake Stahl and played home games at National Park.


1906 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Washington State football team
The 1906 Washington State football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1906 college football season. The team competed as an independent under first-year head coach John R. Bender and compiled a record of 6–0.


1906 Washington football team
The 1906 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1906 college football season. In its first season under coach Victor M. Place, the team compiled a 4–1–4 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 49 to 35. Owen Crim was the team captain.


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck
The 1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck occurred on the Metropolitan Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) at Terra Cotta station in Washington, D.C., on December 30, 1906, at 6:31 in the evening, when a locomotive pulling six empty cars crashed into the back of a passenger train in dense fog, killing 53 people and injuring more than 70.


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Accident
The local train, consisting of three wooden cars, was traveling from Frederick, Maryland, and was fifteen minutes late. It was just pulling out of Terra Cotta station (near the site of the current Fort Totten Metro station) when it was struck from behind by a "special equipment train", No 2120, traveling at full speed, about 65 mph (105 km/h). The heavy locomotive, which sustained very little damage, ploughed through the rear two cars, sending bodies and debris flying for a quarter of a mile on both sides of the track.


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Accident
The accident is described in the book Undergraduate Days 1904-1908 by Frank Kuntz, recounted by a fellow student at the nearby Catholic University of America:  "Then came a terrible noise which he described as a combination of an explosion, escaping steam, breaking wood, groaning brakes and human screams. It was so loud it could be heard on the campus and all over Brookland".


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Aftermath
According to The New York Times, "One of the cars of the wrecked train was split in two and left in halves on either side of the track. The butchery of the passengers was one of the most frightful things in the history of railroading. They were cut into pieces and portions of their bodies scattered all along the track" Small fragments of remains from several victims were commingled on their delivery to a local morgue; these commingled remains were buried in a single grave at Glenwood Cemetery with one monument, the expense paid by the B&O. The five crewmembers, Harry H. Hildebrand (engineer), Ira C. McClelland (fireman), Ralph Rutter (brakeman), Frank S. Hoffmeir (conductor) and William A. Norris (baggagemaster), of the train that hit the passenger train were all arrested at the scene.


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Aftermath
Despite its nearness to the capital, Terra Cotta station was an isolated place, just serving a few houses of employees of the nearby Potomac Terra Cotta Company. The first help came from Brookland about a mile away, and it took nearly an hour for a relief train to arrive from Washington to begin taking away the dead and injured (and a further hour before it departed).


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Causes
The entire Metropolitan branch operated by the "absolute block system",  which should have prevented any other train from entering a "block" of track when it is occupied. The empty train should have been stopped at Takoma Park until the passenger train had moved out of the block at University. The operator at Takoma Park stated that his signal lights were burning red ("danger") when the empty train passed, corroborated by three other people. The engineer claimed he slowed down and looked for the signal, but could not see it. In such a situation he should have stopped, and yet he continued running at great speed. The operator immediately telegraphed the operator at University station:  "No. 2120 has gone by my red light, going like hell". The tower operator at University station confirmed that he received the message.


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Causes
One misunderstanding that contributed in large part to the disaster was that Takoma Park station was closed between 6:30 pm and 6:30 am each day, when no signals would have been displayed; in these circumstances the previous block (controlled by signals at Silver Spring) extends beyond Terra Cotta. No. 2120 had received a clear signal from Silver Spring, so the engineer believed he was cleared through to University. Further inquiries also revealed that the engineer had been on almost continuous duty for 33 hours and had not had a full night's sleep for 57 hours.


1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck, Causes
Four men were charged with manslaughter — the engineer, conductor, brakeman and fireman of train 2120 — but after a lengthy trial all were found not guilty due to lack of evidence. Nonetheless, the Interstate Commerce Commission blamed them, claiming all were negligent. It did reserve some criticism for management, though having received "evidence indicating that the railroads have overworked and poorly paid men manning these safety devices and that, in the effort to rush traffic, men on trains are encouraged to be careless about heeding danger signals". The ICC also banned wooden body passenger car construction.


1906 Wellington City mayoral election
The 1906 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1906, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1906 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
Thomas William Hislop, the incumbent Mayor, sought re-election and retained office unopposed with no other candidates emerging. The mayoral contest coincided with a vacancy on the Wellington City Council following the resignation of councillor Arthur Gibbs triggering a by-election. Nine candidates contested the seat which was ultimately won by ex-councillor John Smith Jr. who had unsuccessfully stood for mayor against Hislop the previous year.


1906 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1906 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Carl Forkum, the team compiled a 5–5 record and outscored opponents by a total of 192 to 74. Thomas Leahy was the team captain.


1906 Westbury by-election
The Westbury by-election, 1906 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Westbury in Wiltshire on 26 February 1906.


1906 Westbury by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Liberal MP, John Fuller. Fuller had been appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, one of the formal titles held by government Whips  and under the Parliamentary rules of the day had to resign and fight a by-election.


1906 Westbury by-election, Candidates
Fuller had been MP for Westbury since the general election of 1900 and had held the seat with a majority of 1,476 votes or 16.4% of the poll at the 1906 election just a month earlier. In all the circumstances, the Conservatives declined to stand a candidate against him.


1906 Westbury by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward Fuller was returned unopposed. He held his seat until 1911 when he resigned to take up appointment as Governor of Victoria in Australia.


1906 Western State Hilltoppers football team
The 1906 Western State Hilltoppers football team represented Western State Normal School (later renamed Western Michigan University) as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In their first season under head coach Tubby Meyers, the Hilltoppers compiled a 1–2 record and were outscored by their opponents, 28 to 26. In addition to serving as the head coach, halfback Tubby Meyers was the team captain for the first of three consecutive years.


1906 Western State Hilltoppers football team
The team's first game was a 21–0 victory over Wayland High School from Wayland, Michigan, on October 13, 1906.


1906 Western State Hilltoppers football team
The school's first intercollegiate football game was a 14–0 loss to Kalamazoo College on November 3, 1906. Two weeks later, the team lost, 14–5, to Michigan State Normal.


1906 Western State Hilltoppers football team
On November 12, 1906, the team, the first for the school, was honored at an oyster dinner hosted by the manual training department with 15 women, all students from the domestic science department, as hostesses. Brown and gold pennants were presented to each guest, and a miniature brown and gold football was placed on every plate.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team
The 1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team that represented Western University of Pennsylvania (later renamed the University of Pittsburgh) as an independent during the 1906 college football season.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap
The 1905 Western University of Pennsylvania football season was successful record-wise and financially. The Arthur Mosse led team finished the season with an 11–2 record. Its only losses were to Eastern powers Cornell and State College. But two days after the State College defeat newspapers from Philadelphia, Pa. to South Bend, Indiana had headlines describing trouble within the Western University football team. The feud between Coach Mosse and Joe Thompson for control of the team that started at the conclusion of the 1904 season was not settled as satisfactorily as people were led to believe.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap
Joe Thompson and his clique vowed to leave school if Mosse was retained for the 1906 season. Coach Mosse returned to his farm in Kansas and left the coaching decision up to the Athletic Association. Joe Thompson resumed his Law studies and coached the Pittsburgh High School team. Meanwhile, the Athletic Association and Administration of the Western University of Pennsylvania were monitoring the national uproar against football due to nineteen player deaths and over one hundred and thirty serious injuries that occurred during the 1905 season. Columbia, Duke and Northwestern canceled football after the 1905 season.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap
Stanford and Cal switched to the tamer rugby. President Roosevelt encouraged changes in the rules. An intercollegiate conference met and legalized forward passing, abolished mass formations, created the neutral zone line of scrimmage, and designated ten yards to be gained for a first down. The Western University agreed with the rule changes. It adopted a four-year eligibility rule and eliminated professionalism in all their school athletics. The Athletic Association was reorganized to consist of a 13-member committee. Each of the five school departments were represented by a faculty and student member.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap
In addition there was one member from the Board of Trustees, one alumni member and the Chancellor. This committee controlled  Athletics at the Western University of Pennsylvania. At the April meeting of the Athletic Association Edgar R. Wingard, the Athletic Director at Butler University, was named Athletic Director and football coach at WUP. Mr. Wingard was a graduate of Susquehanna University and post graduate of Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania. In its first season under head coach Edgar Wingard, the team compiled a 7–4 record, shut out seven of its eleven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 229 to 55.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Butler A. C.
On September 23 Coach Edgar R. Wingard took his team to Butler, Pa. to meet the Butler A.C.  WUP received the opening kickoff. With Walter Ritchie at quarterback the offense marched down the field and Winfred Banbury carried the ball into the end zone in the first three minutes. After three possession changes the WUP offense had the ball at midfield. Quincy Banbury proceeded to scamper 55 yards for the second touchdown. The halftime score was 10-0.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Butler A. C.
Karl Swenson replaced Walter Ritchie at quarterback and Coach Wingard used plenty of substitutes in the second half. Butler started the half by earning their initial first down, but then they were forced to punt. Swenson marched the WUP offense downfield and Fred Klawuhn scored the touchdown. Both Karl Swenson and Charles Springer also scored for the University eleven to make the final score 25-0.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Butler A. C.
The WUP lineup for the game against Butler A. C. was Quince Banbury (right end),Calvin Marshall (right tackle), Arthur Yielding (right guard), John Turner (center), C. McKinney (left guard), Paul Vitte (left tackle), Ed Noble (left end), Walter Ritchie (quarterback), Winfred Banbury (left halfback), Fred Klawuhn (right halfback), and Omar Mehl (fullback).


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Butler A. C.
Substitutions made during the game were: Karl Swenson replaced Walter Ritchie at quarterback; Ted Perry replaced Ed Noble at left end; Gilbert Miller replaced Calvin Marshall at left tackle; John Shuman replaced John Turner at center; James McCormick replaced Quince Banbury at right end; and John Mackrell replaced Omar Mehl at fullback. The game consisted of fifteen minute halves.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster
After the rain passed through town on September 29, Westminster College and WUP played the home opener at Exposition Park. The inclement weather kept the attendance to about five hundred loyal students and fans. The offense led by Walter Ritchie took the opening kickoff and marched steadily downfield. John Mackrell scored the first touchdown and Walter Zieg kicked the goal after. After a change of possessions Ritchie was injured and replaced by Karl Swenson. Five plays later Swenson carried the ball into the end zone for the second touchdown in less than 10 minutes. Zieg was successful on the goal kick after. Westminster tried a forward pass but Mackrell intercepted and the half came to an end with WUP ahead 12-0.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The second half was a defensive struggle. Both offenses were able to gain yardage but the defenses would stiffen to stop the drives. Right guard Arthur Yielding hurt his shoulder and was replaced by C. McKinney. Late in the game, Swenson was able to sprint ten yards around end for the final score of the game. Westminster then fooled WUP with a fake punt and gained thirty yards but the WUP defense was able to keep the Titans out of the end zone. The final score was 17-0.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster
The WUP lineup for the game against Westminster was Quince Banbury (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), Arthur Yielding (right guard), John Shuman (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Gilbert Miller (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Walter Ritchie (quarterback), John Mackrell (left halfback), Fred Klawuhn (right halfback), and Omar Mehl (fullback).


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster
Substitutions made during the game were: Karl Swenson replaced Walter Ritchie at quarterback; C. McKinney replaced Arthur Yielding at right guard; Leslie Waddill replaced Gilbert Miller at left tackle; Munhall replaced John Shuman at center; Charles Springer replaced Omar Mehl at fullback; and Charles Clancey replaced John Mackrell at left halfback. The game consisted of one twenty minute half and one fifteen minute half.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Hiram
The Hiram College Terriers football team, after their train arrived several hours late, was welcomed to Pittsburgh by inclement weather and a superior WUP offensive machine. Due to the poor weather, only a few fans were in the Friendship Park bleachers to cheer on their team. The Hiram defense could not stop the WUP offense and gave up twelve touchdowns. The WUP offense tried the forward pass and was very successful. The highlight was Raymond Forcer, WUP substitute end, catching a pass and scampering fifty yards for his first touchdown of the season.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Hiram
Six more players scored touchdowns: Fred Klawuhn and Charles Clancey each scored three; Homer Roe scored two; John Mackrell, James McCormick, and Karl Swenson each scored one. Waldy Zieg added five extra points and Karl Swenson one to reach the final score of 66-0. Coach Wingard substituted so that all twenty-three team members saw playing time. Hiram made one first down the entire game.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Hiram
The WUP lineup for the game against Hiram was Homer Roe (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), Arthur Yielding (right guard), Paul Vitte (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Leslie Waddill (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Henry Boisseau (quarterback), John Mackrell (left halfback), Fred Klawuhn (right halfback), and Omar Mehl (fullback). The following substitutes were utilized at some point during the game: James McCormick, Maurice Goldsmith, Leo Eggington, Andrew Martin, John Shuman, C. McKinney, Gilbert Miller, Karl Swenson, Edgar Chatham, Charles Clancey, Ed Noble, and Ray Focer. The game consisted of one twenty-five minute half and one twenty minute half.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Allegheny
October 13 was a beautiful fall day for football. The football field layout at Exposition Park was altered and bleachers erected to give the student section a better view of the on field action. Close to 2,500 fans were in attendance and at least four hundred WUP students were led into the stadium by a marching band and "Chief Rooters" Bill McCandless and Doc Ryder. The opponent was the Allegheny College Methodists from Meadville, PA.   Captain Gilbert Miller and John Mackrell were injured and did not play. Calvin Marshall stepped in as acting Captain.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Allegheny
The WUP offense was basically unstoppable as it produced eleven touchdowns. Omar Mehl, Fred Klawuhn and Leo Eggington each scored two. Leslie Waddill, Charles Clancey, Homer Roe, Van Miller and Joseph Campbell each added one. Waldy Zieg had a banner day kicking as he converted eleven goal kicks after and two field goals to personally account for 19 points. The WUP defense held Allegheny to no first downs. The final tally was 74-0. Coach Wingard was able to give everyone some playing time.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Allegheny
The WUP starting lineup for the game against Allegheny was James McCormick (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), Arthur Yielding (right guard), Paul Vitte (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Leslie Waddill (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Karl Swenson (quarterback), Omar Mehl (left halfback), Fred Klawuhn (right halfback), and Charles Clancey (fullback). The following substitutes were utilized at some point during the game: Leo Eggington, Van Miller, John Shuman, C. McKinney, Homer Roe, Ray Focer, Charles Springer, John McElhinny, Edgar Chatham, and Joseph Campbell. The game consisted of twenty-five minute halves.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
Over five thousand fans attended Exposition Park to witness the Bemis Pierce led Carlisle Indians take on Coach Wingard's Western University eleven on Saturday, October 20. The band and students marched through town and into the stadium. Carlisle was the first of the supposed hard games on the WUP schedule for 1906 and the football public were eager to see how the University lads would stack up.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
"The contest clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the forward pass when attempted by a fast team. The Indians gave an exhibition of this new play which will be seldom if ever again equaled on a gridiron this season. Time and time again this play proved successful and when line plunges were needed the WUP line was unable to withstand the redskin onslaught. That the university line needs strengthening there is no doubt, and if a respectable showing is expected against Wash-Jeff and State considerable changing will be necessary.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
The defeat of the local lads was a bitter pill for the spectators, but it was somewhat atoned for by the first-class exhibition on the part of the Carlisle men. The forward pass and the onside kick, as well as an exhibition of field goal kicking was included in their repertoire. When it is considered that the three men in the backfield, as well as five men on the line can negotiate 100 yards in 10.5 seconds or less, the agility of the entire Indian team can be understood."


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
On the Western U. 's second possession Karl Swenson fumbled and Carlisle halfback Mt. Pleasant recovered. The Carlisle offense quickly advanced the ball to the WUP ten yard line. Three plays later Gardiner plunged into the end zone from the one for the Indians first touchdown. Mt. Pleasant kicked the goal after. Walter Ritchie replaced an injured Karl Swenson at quarterback but the WUP offense had to punt the ball back to Carlisle. A forward pass advanced the ball deep into WUP territory and two running plays later Wauseka was in the end zone for the second Carlisle touchdown.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
Mt. Pleasant booted the ball through the uprights and Carlisle led 12-0. After an exchange of punts, Carlisle had the ball on the WUP fifty yard line. Five plays later Little Boy plowed through the center of the WUP defensive line for a six-yard touchdown and Mt. Pleasant capped the first half scoring with his third goal after.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
The WUP offense did not fare any better in the second half against the strong Carlisle defense. The WUP defense played better and only gave up a thirty-yard field goal by quarterback Libby. The final score read Carlisle 22 - WUP 0.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carlisle
The WUP starting lineup for the game against Carlisle was  Quince Banbury (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), Arthur Yielding (right guard), Paul Vitte (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Leslie Waddill (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Karl Swenson (quarterback), Omar Mehl (left halfback), Fred Klawuhn (right halfback), and Winfred Banbury (fullback). The following substitutes were utilized at some point during the game: John Turner, Charles Springer, John Mackrell, Charles Clancey, McKeown, John Shuman, Walter Ritchie, and James McCormick. The game consisted of twenty-five minute halves.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The first meeting with city rival Carnegie Tech took place on October 27, 1906 at Exposition Park in the rain, sleet, and snow. Carnegie Tech opened for business in 1905 and started football in 1906, by popular demand of the student body. Dr. Challinor was the first coach. Attendance was sparse, but the enthusiasts were treated to a tight first half.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The WUP was only able to score one touchdown in the first half. Defense ruled as neither offense could generate any sustained drive in the inclement weather. WUP tackle Leslie Waddill fell on a Tartan fumble in the end zone for the lone WUP score.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Coach Wingard changed the lineup for the second half. Walter Ritchie replaced Henry Boisseau at quarterback and led the team on four touchdown drives. McKeown replaced Irish Clancy at fullback and scored the first touchdown of the second half. Winfred Banbury, Homer Roe and Johnny Mackrell scored the other touchdowns. McKeown added a field goal and two goal kicks after to make the final score 31–0 in favor of WUP.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
In spite of the lopsided score, the WUP coach was not happy with the line play and on Monday October 29 hired John A. Moorehead, former Yale player, as assistant coach. The media and fans were used to the WUP offense running up the score on weak teams. The Pittsburgh Press headline read: "Poor Play By The WUP Team - Did Not Try Very Hard Against Carnegie Technical School- Scored Once in First Half."


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The WUP starting lineup for the game against the Tartans was Jay Frye (right end), Leo Eggington (right tackle), Arthur Yielding (right guard), John Turner (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Leslie Waddill (left tackle), James McCormick (left end), Henry Boisseau (quarterback), Charles Springer (left halfback), Winfred Banbury (right halfback), and Charles Clancey (fullback).


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Substitutions made during the game were: C. McKinney replaced Waldy Zieg at left guard; Walter Ritchie replaced Henry Boisseau at quarterback; Paul Vitte replaced Leo Eggington at right tackle; Homer Roe replaced Jay Frye at right end; John Mackrell replaced Charles Springer at left halfback; and McKeown replaced Charles Clancy at fullback. The game consisted of twenty minute halves.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Cornell
On November 3 the WUP lads traveled to Ithaca, N.Y. to play the strong Cornell team led by coach Glenn Warner. Cornell received the opening kick off and was forced to punt by the WUP defense. WUP fumbled the punt and Cornell recovered. The WUP defense held and forced a punt but quarterback Walter Ritchie was tackled in the end zone for a safety. The Big Red then marched down the field and scored on a forward pass to Earle from three yards out. Cook was successful on the goal kick after. Winfred Banbury gave the WUP fans hope as he dashed forty yards with an interception, but the offense could not penetrate the Cornell defense. Late in the first half Cornell fullback Walders kicked a fifty-yard field goal to make the score 12–0 at the break.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Cornell
Cornell scored on their first possession of the second half. Halfback Earle raced around right end for a forty-five yard touchdown. After a WUP fumble deep in their territory Cornell scored its final touchdown on a pass play to Gibson. Cook was again good on the goal kick after and the final tally was 23-0. Cornell would finish the season with an 8-1-2 record.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Cornell
The WUP starting lineup[ for the Cornell game was Fred Klawuhn (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), John Shuman (right guard), John Turner (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Leslie Waddill (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Walter Ritchie (quarterback), Omar Mehl (left halfback), Winfred Banbury (right halfback), and Charles Clancey (fullback). The only substitution made was C. McKinney replaced John Shuman at center. The game consisted of one twenty-five minute half and one twenty minute half.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The eighth edition of the “Backyard Brawl” took place on November 10 at Exposition Park. The ladies from the Pennsylvania College for Women and all Pittsburgh area high school seniors were guests of the University. Fifteen hundred students and fans braved the blustery winds and cheered on their team. The WUP team was heavily favored. Coach Wingard did not use his first string backfield because the Washington & Jefferson game was next on the schedule. The WUP offense led by substitute quarterback McKeown managed to score three touchdowns and win the game 17-0.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
On the WUPs first possession, halfback Charles Springer plunged into the end zone for the first touchdown. Halfback Winfred Banbury scored on a pass play late in the first half and fullback Clancy raced sixty-five yards for the last score late in the second half. The WUP defense played well and shut out their sixth opponent.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
"WUP showed disheartening form yesterday in the game with West Virginia University, and while they managed to defeat the up-river boys by the score of 17-0 the result was far from pleasing to the local adherents in view of the crucial test to come next Saturday in the Washington and Jefferson game. The representatives of the Blue and Gold played ragged football from the time the whistle blew for the kick-off, and while there were flashes of good football displayed by them, as a rule they did not play anything like the game they are capable of.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The chief trouble was their proneness to fumble, especially at critical times. By hard work they would manage to rush the ball down to within striking distance of the coveted goal, when then chance to score would be thrown to the winds by a miserable fumble or bad play.... The public pay to see good football and do not relish the idea of paying good prices to see a team composed mostly of scrub players go up against a team of the caliber of that of the West Virginia University. Had the regular team been in the game the score should have been at least double what it was, and the public would have been satisfied that they had witnessed a good exhibition of the fascinating sport."


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The starting lineup for the game against West Virginia was Fred Klawuhn (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), C. McKinney (right guard), John Turner (center), A. McKeown (left guard), Leslie Waddill (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), S. McKeown (quarterback), Charles Springer (left halfback), Winfred Banbury (right halfback), and Charles Clancey (fullback). Substitutions made during the game were: John Shuman replaced A. McKeown at left guard; John Mackrell replaced Charles Springer at left halfback; and Paul Vitte replaced Leslie Waddill at left tackle. The game consisted of one twenty-five minute half and one twenty minute half.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Washington & Jefferson Red and Black football squad traveled to Pittsburgh for the second year in a row to do battle with the Western University lads. The 6,000 fans who braved another rainy Saturday were treated to a great defensive game. The WUP offense spent most of the first half in W & J's territory but were unable to score. Penalties and fumbles stymied both teams' efforts. Both defenses continued to do well in the second half. Late in the game umpire Okeson called slugging against WUP halfback Lloyd McKeown.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The assessment was half the distance to the goal, which placed the ball on the WUP twenty yard line. The Red and Black worked the ball to the twelve yard line and Kerr Price tried a field goal. Omar Mehl blocked the kick but WUP was offside. Mr. Price was successful on his second try and broke the scoreless tie. In the waning moments of the game, the WUP offense rushed the ball to the Red and Black four yard line. Omar Mehl was unable to penetrate the Red and Black defense as time ran out. The final read 4–0 in favor of Washington & Jefferson.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
"Although defeated, W. U. P. was by no means disgraced, and the showing they made against the team which had been touted as an easy winner was indeed remarkable. Their line held like a stone wall, and the Red and Black men soon found this out to their sorrow. Time and again they would throw their backs against the mighty line of nerve and muscle, but the impression they would make could hardly be noticed."


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The usual gesture at the conclusion of this rivalry game was the rewarding of the game ball to the victorious team. Neither the WUP Captain nor Coach Wingard handed the ball to the Red and Black after the game and the newspapers criticized the WUPs for unsportsmanlike conduct. Finally on Tuesday Coach Wingard had Manager Arthur mail the ball to Coach Piekarski.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The WUP starting lineup for the game against Washington & Jefferson was Fred Klawuhn (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), C. McKinney (right guard), John Turner (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Charles Clancey (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Karl Swenson (quarterback), Lloyd McKeown (left halfback), Winfred Banbury (right halfback), and Omar Mehl (fullback). Substitutions made during the game were Henry Boisseau replaced Karl Swenson at quarterback and John Mackrell replaced Lloyd McKeown at left halfback. The game consisted of thirty minute halves.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
On November 24 approximately three hundred die-hard fans braved the cold and strong wind to watch WUP play the Grove City Wolverines. Coach Wingard used plenty of substitutes to keep the WUPs healthy for the upcoming State College game. Halfback John Mackrell was the offensive star of the game, as he rushed for three touchdowns. He scored two in the first half. The first was on a forty-yard scamper and he bettered that two minutes later with a seventy yard touchdown jaunt. The score at halftime was 12–0 in favor of WUP.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
Grove City was able to move the ball offensively but the WUP defense kept them out of the end zone. Both Grove City and WUP missed field goals and had problems with fumbling. Mackrell and Ralston scored second half touchdowns for the WUP eleven on short line plunges to make the final score 24-0. The WUP defense recorded its seventh shutout of the season.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
The WUP lineup for the game against Grove City was James McCormick (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), Artur Yielding (right guard), John Turner (center), C. McKinney (left guard), Charles Clancey (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Henry Boisseau (quarterback), Lloyd McKeown (left halfback), John Mackrell (right halfback), and Omar Mehl (fullback). The following players were substituted into the game: Homer Roe, Leslie Waddill, John Shuman, Leo Eggington, Quince Banbury, Buck, Charles Springer, and Samuel Ralston. The game consisted of twenty minute halves.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Penn State
More than eight thousand fans spent their Thanksgiving Day at Exposition Park. They watched the WUP football team battle the visiting (7-1-1) State College eleven. State College's only blemishes on their record were a 10–0 loss to Yale (9-0-1) and a tie with Gettysburg (7-1-2). The entire game was a defensive struggle. In the first half State College had the ball inside the ten yard line twice but the WUP defense stiffened with two goal line stands. State College also missed two first half field goals.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The WUP offense managed to get into field goal range three times in the second half but could not convert. For fifty seven minutes the teams played to a scoreless tie until Winfred Banbury, WUP halfback, was penalized for slugging and sent to the bench. The assessment was half the distance to the goal, which placed the ball on the WUP nine yard line. State halfback Bill McCleary carried the ball into the end zone on third down and kicked the goal after for a 6-0 State College lead. The game ended some seconds later.


1906 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The WUP starting lineup for the game against Penn State was Fred Klawuhn (right end), Calvin Marshall (right tackle), C. McKinney (right guard), John Turner (center), Waldy Zieg (left guard), Charles Clancey (left tackle), Ted Perry (left end), Karl Swenson (quarterback), Lloyd McKeown (left halfback), Winfred Banbury (right halfback), and Omar Mehl (fullback). The following substitutions were made during the game: John Shuman replaced C. McKinney at right guard; John Mackrell replaced Winfred Banbury at right halfback; Arthur Yielding replaced John Shuman at right guard; and James McCormick replaced Fred Klawuhn at right end. The game consisted of thirty minute halves.


1906 Westland by-election
The Westland by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Westland, a semi-urban seat at the west coast of the South Island.


1906 Westland by-election
The by-election was held on 13 July 1906, and was precipitated by the death of sitting MP, Prime Minister Richard Seddon. The seat was won by his son, Thomas. His sole opponent was Henry Michel, former Mayor of Hokitika.


1906 William & Mary Orange and White football team
The 1906 William & Mary Orange and White football team was an American football team that represented the College of William & Mary as a member of the Eastern Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (EVIAA) during the 1906 college football season. Led by H. W. Withers in his first and only season as head coach, the Orange and White compiled an overall record of 2–6. .


1906 Wimbledon Championships
The 1906 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 25 June until 5 July. It was the 30th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1906.


1906 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Frank Riseley /  Sydney Smith defeated  Laurence Doherty /  Reginald Doherty, 6–8, 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–3


1906 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
Frank Riseley and Sydney Smith defeated Clement Cazalet and George Simond 6–2, 6–2, 5–7, 6–4 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champions Laurence Doherty and Reginald Doherty 6–8, 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1906 Wimbledon Championships.


1906 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles
Reigning champion Laurence Doherty defeated Frank Riseley 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1906 Wimbledon Championships. Riseley had defeated Arthur Gore in the All Comers' Final.


1906 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles
Dorothea Douglass defeated Charlotte Sterry 6–2, 6–2 in the All Comers' Final, and then defeated the reigning champion May Sutton 6–3, 9–7 in the Challenge Round to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1906 Wimbledon Championships.


1906 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1906 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1906 college football season.


1906 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1906 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906.


1906 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor James O. Davidson won re-election, defeating Democratic nominee John A. Aylward and Socialist nominee Winfield R. Gaylord, with 57.39% of the vote.


1906 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 1906 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 24 and 25 January 1906 at the ice rink Pohjoissatama in Helsinki, Finland.


1906 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
Coen de Koning was defending champion. He did not participated and did not defend his title.


1906 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
There was no World champion declared, no one won three of the four distances.


1906 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules
One could only win the World Championships by winning at least three of the four distances, so there would be no World Champion if no skater won at least three distances.


1906 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.


1906 World Figure Skating Championships
Men's competition took place on February 4th in Munich, German Empire. Ulrich Salchow did not participate because he feared that the judgement would not be fair in Gilber Fuchs' hometown Munich. Ladies' competition took place from January 28th to 29th in Davos, Switzerland. It was the first World Championships in figure skating for ladies.


1906 World Series
The 1906 World Series featured a crosstown matchup between the Chicago Cubs, who had posted the highest regular-season win total (116) and winning percentage (.763) in the major leagues since the advent of the 154-game season; and the Chicago White Sox. The White Sox, known as the "Hitless Wonders" after finishing with the worst team batting average (.230) in the American League, beat the Cubs in six games for one of the greatest upsets in Series history. This was the first World Series played by two teams from the same metropolitan area. (The home teams alternated, starting with the NL team being home in Game 1.)


1906 World Series
The teams split the first four games; then the Hitless Wonders (a name coined by sportswriter Charles Dryden) exploded for 26 hits in the last two games. True to their nickname, the White Sox hit only .198 as a team in winning the series, but it beat the .196 average produced by the Cubs.


1906 World Series
In Game 3, Ed Walsh struck out 12 Cubs, breaking the previous record of 11 set by Bill Dinneen in 1903.


1906 World Series
The 1906 Series was the first to be played between two teams from the same city.


1906 World Series
To date, it remains the only World Series played between the two Chicago teams (in fact, it would be another 102 years before both Chicago teams would qualify for the playoffs during the same season, as this was next accomplished in 2008), and one of only two Series (the other being the 1944 World Series between the St. Louis Cardinals and St. Louis Browns) played outside New York City that featured two teams from the same city (although the 1989 World Series was played between the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics, which are roughly 10 miles (16 km) apart).


1906 World Series
This is also the most recent World Series where both teams were making their first appearance in the Fall Classic, and since the Washington Nationals made it into the World Series in 2019 as the last National League team (leaving the Seattle Mariners as the only current MLB team without an appearance in the Fall Classic) there is currently no such makeup possible—at least until new franchises are accepted into MLB.


1906 World Series, Summary
AL Chicago White Sox (4) vs. NL Chicago Cubs (2)


1906 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Tuesday, October 9, 1906, at West Side Grounds in Chicago, Illinois


1906 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Cub starter Mordecai "Three-Fingered" Brown was chosen for his dominance against White Sox starter Nick Altrock. Both were perfect through three innings. The Cubs put a runner on second in the bottom of the fourth inning, but couldn't score. In the top of the fifth, George Rohe tripled to lead off, then scored on an error at home when Patsy Dougherty reached on a fielder's choice. The Sox scored a second run in the top of the sixth. Altrock walked, and was sacrificed to second base by Ed Hahn.


1906 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Fielder Jones then singled to center but Altrock was thrown out at the plate, Jones taking second on the throw home. He took third on Cub catcher Johnny Kling's passed ball, and Frank Isbell drove him home with a single. The Cubs struck back in their half of the sixth. Kling walked and Brown singled with nobody out.


1906 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
After Solly Hofman sacrificed the runners to second and third, Altrock's wild pitch scored Kling and sent Brown to third, giving him little margin for error with only one out, but he got Jimmy Sheckard to pop out and Frank Schulte to ground out to end the threat. He pitched beautifully for the rest of the game, allowing only one more Cub to reach second, retaining the 2–1 lead for a Game 1 Sox win.


1906 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
Wednesday, October 10, 1906, at South Side Park (III) in Chicago, Illinois