1903 New York Highlanders season, New Name
"Highlanders" was also originally short for "Gordon's Highlanders", a play on the name of the team President during 1903–1906, Joseph Gordon, along with the noted British military unit called The Gordon Highlanders. The club was also derisively called "Invaders" in 1903, presumably by writers favorable to the Giants.


1903 New York Highlanders season, New Name
The New York press was creative with analogous nicknames for teams. In addition to "Highlanders", the team would soon acquire the alternate nickname "Yankees", the name that would soon become official and more famous among baseball fans in the coming decades. That word is a synonym for "American" in general, and short for American Leaguers or "Americans" in this case. Given the media's penchant for citing popular culture, that nickname was also possibly influenced by the then-current and hugely popular America-centric George M. Cohan Broadway play, "Little Johnny Jones", and its centerpiece song, "Yankee Doodle Dandy".


1903 New York Highlanders season, New Name
New York writers had similarly coined both the established nickname Brooklyn "[Trolley] Dodgers" and the nickname "Superbas" that the denizens of Flatbush carried for a while. As with the Highlanders, the latter was based on something unrelated, namely a circus act called "Hanlon's Superbas"; the Dodgers were managed by Ned Hanlon at that time.


1903 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 New York state election
The 1903 New York state election was held on November 3, 1903, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and one member of the New York State Senate.


1903 New York state election, Background
Denis O'Brien had been elected to the Court of Appeals in 1889, and his term would expire at the end of 1903.


1903 New York state election, Background
State Senator Charles P. McClelland was appointed U.S. General Appraiser by President Theodore Roosevelt and thus vacated his seat.


1903 New York state election, Candidates
The Democratic State Committee met on September 5 in Albany, New York. Frank Campbell was Chairman. The incumbent judge Denis O'Brien was re-nominated unanimously.


1903 New York state election, Candidates
The Republican State Committee met on September 8 at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. George W. Dunn was Chairman. They endorsed the Democratic incumbent Denis O'Brien.


1903 New York state election, Result
96 Republicans, 53 Democrats and 1 Independent were elected for the session of 1904 to the Assembly.


1903 New York state election, Result
Republican Francis M. Carpenter was elected to succeed Democrat McClelland in the State Senate, giving the Republicans a majority of 29 to 21 in 1904.


1903 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia
The 1903 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the fourth tour by the New Zealand national team to Australia. Nine matches were played against regional and district sides along with one test match between the two national sides, the first played by New Zealand in their history.


1903 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia
On 11 July, New Zealand played a preliminary match v. the Wellington Rugby Football Union at Athletic Park, won by the local team by 14–5.


1903 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia, Match summary
Complete list of matches played by New Zealand in Australia:


1903 Newmarket by-election
The Newmarket by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held on 2 January 1903 to fill a vacancy in the United Kingdom House of Commons for the Eastern or Newmarket Division of Cambridgeshire.


1903 Newmarket by-election, Vacancy
The vacancy occurred with the sudden death of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament, Colonel Harry McCalmont on 8 December 1902. McCalmont had been MP for Newmarket since 1895.


1903 Newmarket by-election, Electoral history
At the previous election, in 1900, he had been returned with a majority of 1,077 votes.


1903 Newmarket by-election, The candidates and campaign
Nominations for the election were made on 26 December 1902. There were two candidates: Leonard Brassey for the Conservatives, and Charles Rose for the Liberals. Rose had also contested the seat in 1900. Both candidates were involved in the horse racing industry, the major employer in and around the town of Newmarket.


1903 Newmarket by-election, The candidates and campaign
An important factor in the election was the religious beliefs of the candidates. The Church Association, an evangelical Protestant organisation, interrogated both of the men. Rose stated that he strenuously supported Protestant principles and opposed any legislation that would undermine the ascendency of Protestantism. This satisfied the Association, and was probably responsible for a large number of Evangelical Christian voters switching allegiance from the Conservatives to the Liberals.


1903 Newmarket by-election, Polling and result
The election took place on Friday 2 January 1903. The poll was heavy and motor cars were widely used to bring voters to the polls.


1903 Newmarket by-election, Polling and result
The result of the election was announced on Saturday 3 January at Cambridge Shire Hall. Rose won the seat for the Liberals by a majority of 507 votes.


1903 Newmarket by-election, Aftermath
Rose held the seat at the ensuing election in 1906.


1903 News of the World Match Play
The 1903 News of the World Match Play was the first News of the World Match Play tournament. It was played from Tuesday 13 to Thursday 15 October at Sunningdale Golf Club. 32 players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 18 holes, except for the final which was over 36 holes. The winner received £100 out of a total prize fund of £200. James Braid defeated Ted Ray 4 & 3 in the final to win the tournament.


1903 News of the World Match Play, Qualification
Entry was restricted to members of the Professional Golfers' Association (PGA). Qualification was by a series of 36-hole stroke-play competitions; one for each of the five PGA sections. The number of qualifiers from each section was based on the membership of that section. The Southern section had 16 qualifiers, the Midland and Northern sections had 5 each, the Scottish section 4 and the Irish section 2. In the event of a tie for places there was a playoff.


1903 News of the World Match Play, Qualification
The Northern section held their qualification at Huddersfield on 22 September with Ted Ray winning with a score of 148. The Scottish section qualification was the following day at Earlsferry with Robert Thomson winning with a score of 153. Arnaud Massy failed to qualify, The Irish section played on 24 September at Lahinch with George Coburn winning with a score of 157. The Southern section played on 29 September at Acton with J.H. Taylor winning with a score of 140. There was a tie for the final two places and there was a 36-hole play-off the following day. The Midland section played on 7 October at Hollinwell with Tom Williamson winning with a score of 151. Harry Vardon was ill and did not enter.


1903 News of the World Match Play, Format
The matches were over 18 holes except for the final which was over 36 holes. Extra holes were played in the event of a tied match. Two rounds were played on the first day, two more on the second day with the final on the third day.


1903 News of the World Match Play, Prize money
The winner received £100 and a gold medal, the runner-up £30 and a silver medal, the losing semi-finalists £15 and a bronze medal, while the third round losers received £10, making a total prize fund of £200.


1903 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team
The 1903 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1903 college football season. In Art Devlin's second season as head coach, the Aggies achieved a 4–4 record, tallying the most single-season wins in school history and tying the record of most losses The final two wins came on the same day, with a close, 6–5 decision against the South Carolina and a blowout of Richmond, 53–0. The Aggies outscored their opponents 152 to 74 on the season.


1903 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1903 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1903 college football season. The team captain for the 1903 season was G. Lyle Jones.


1903 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1903 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Eddie Cochems, the team compiled a 5–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 331 to 49.


1903 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team
The season was part of a three-year, 17-game winning streak that began on November 19, 1900, and ended on November 21, 1903.


1903 North Dakota Flickertails football team
The 1903 North Dakota Flickertails football team was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 7–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 274 to 11.


1903 North Dakota Flickertails football team
The team was led by first-year head coach Rex B. Kennedy. Victor Wardrope was the team captain for the second of three consecutive years.


1903 Northern Illinois State Normal football team
The 1903 Northern Illinois State Normal football team represented Northern Illinois State Normal College as an independent in the 1903 college football season. They were led by fifth-year head coach John A. H. Keith and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The team finished the season with a 4–2 record. Floyd Ritzman and Donald Kays were the team's co-captains.


1903 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1903 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1903 college football season. The Wildcats compiled a 10–1–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 229 to 67.


1903 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1903 Norwegian Football Cup was the second season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. This was an invitation tournament organised by defending cup winner, Grane, which was later given official status. Four teams joined this competition. Odd won their first title.


1903 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway between 6 August and 16 September 1903. The result was a victory for the Conservative Party-Moderate Liberal Party-Coalition Party alliance, which won 62 of the 117 seats in the Storting. It was the first time that the Labour Party gained seats. It was also the last election in Norway when Norway was in the union with Sweden that existed between 1814 and 1905.


1903 Notre Dame football team
The 1903 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1903 college football season. In its second season with James Farragher as coach, the team compiled an 8–0–1 record, shut out every opponent, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 291 to 0.


1903 Ohio Medical football team
The 1903 Ohio Medical football team was an American football team that represented the Ohio State University College of Medicine in the 1903 college football season.


1903 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1903 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1903 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 8–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 87 in their second season under head coach Perry Hale.


1903 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1903 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1903. Republican nominee Myron T. Herrick defeated Democratic nominee Tom L. Johnson with 54.89% of the vote.


1903 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team
The 1903 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1903 college football season. This was the third year of football at A&M and the team did not have a head coach. The Aggies played their home games in Stillwater, Oklahoma Territory. They finished the season 0–0–2.


1903 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1903 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1903 college football season. In their second year under head coach Mark McMahon, the Sooners compiled a 5–4–3 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 93 to 35.


1903 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1903 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The season's only loss was to Vanderbilt.


1903 Open Championship
The 1903 Open Championship was the 43rd Open Championship, held 10–11 June at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Harry Vardon won the Championship for the fourth time, six strokes ahead of runner-up Tom Vardon, his younger brother.


1903 Open Championship
All entries played 36 holes on the first day with all those within 19 strokes of the leader making the cut and playing 36 holes on the final day, with the additional provision that the final day's field had to contain at least 32 professionals.


1903 Open Championship
After the opening round on Wednesday morning, Harry Vardon and defending champion Sandy Herd co-led at 73, three strokes ahead of the rest of the field. In the afternoon, Herd had a poor 83 and Harry Vardon's 77 gave him a four shot lead on 150 ahead of Andrew Scott, despite a seven at the 17th hole. The cut was at 169 and 59 advanced to the final two rounds. Rowland Jones was initially disqualified but later reinstated.


1903 Open Championship
In the third round on Thursday morning, Harry Vardon scored 72, having reached the turn in 34. This gave him a seven-stroke lead over Jack White, with Herd and Tom Vardon ten shots behind. In the afternoon, White took a seven at the third hole which effectively gave Harry Vardon the title. Playing cautiously, he eventually finished with a 78. Tom Vardon had the best final round score of 74 and moved into second place ahead of White.


1903 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1903 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Thomas L. McFadden, the Aggies compiled a 2–4–1 record and were outscored their opponents by a combined total of 32 to 21. The Aggies defeated Washington State (6-0), and Nevada (15-0), tied with Pacific University (0-0), and lost to Washington (0-5), Multnomah Athletic Club (0-16), Albany College (0-6), and Oregon (0-5). John Gault was the team captain.


1903 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1903 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the 1903 college football season. It was the Webfoots' tenth season, they competed as an independent and were led by head coach Warren W. Smith. They finished the season with a record of four wins, two losses and one tie (4–2–1).


1903 Paris–Roubaix
The 1903 Paris–Roubaix was the eighth edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 11 April 1903 and stretched 268 km (167 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Hippolyte Aucouturier from France.


1903 Penn Quakers football team
The 1903 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1903 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 9–3 record in their second year under head coach Carl S. Williams. Significant games included victories over Penn State (39–0), Brown (30–0), and Cornell (42–0), and losses to Columbia (18–6), Harvard (17–10), and Carlisle (16–6). The 1903 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 370 to 57. Guard Frank Piekarski was the only Penn player to receive recognition on the 1903 College Football All-America Team; Piekarski received third-team honors from Walter Camp.


1903 Penn State football team
The 1903 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team was coached by Daniel A. Reed and played its home games on Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1903 Peruvian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Peru in 1903. Manuel Candamo of the Civilista Party was elected unopposed.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar
1903 Petrol Electric Autocar. In 1903 the North Eastern Railway built two experimental railcars at their carriage works in York. These were powered by petrol engines which generated electricity for two traction motors which were mounted on the bogie underneath. This means of powering a railway vehicle was pioneering and would eventually be developed into the diesel-electric technology that powered and powers many locomotives worldwide. The railcars were numbered 3170 and 3171 and were 53.5 feet (16.3 m) long and weighed around 35 long tons (36 t) . The engine was mounted in an engine compartment 13.25 feet (4.04 m) long. The rest of the vehicles' length was taken up by a vestibule, driving compartment and a 52-seat passenger compartment.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Powertrain
Various petrol engines were used, an 85 hp Napier engine was the first to be installed, but these were found to be unsatisfactory, so were replaced in 1904 by Wolseley engines. These flat-four engines produced 92 bhp at their normal rated speed of 400rpm, and well over 100 bhp when run at 480rpm. The cylinders were 8.5 inch diameter with 10 inch stroke. The engine had a 3-foot diameter flywheel, and was coupled directly to a Westinghouse multi-polar dynamo.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Powertrain
A small dynamo driven by belt from the flywheel provided charge for the accumulators which enabled electric starting of the engine, lighting for the carriage, and the 'exciting current' for the field coils in the main dynamo, controlled by rheostats at either end of the railcar. The engine speed could likewise be controlled via a throttle from either end of the railcar. The output from the main dynamo was sent to two electric motors, both mounted on the bogie underneath the engine room.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Powertrain
In 1923, No. 3170 was re-engined with a more powerful 225HP engine, allowing it to haul an unpowered coach, an early version of the multiple units used today. Maximum speed was only 36 mph but acceleration and braking to and from this was reported to be brisk, taking around 30 seconds. In 1908, a pair of seats were removed to enlarge the vestibules, reducing the seating accommodation to 48. In appearance, the railcars were similar to single-deck trams. The NER called them autocars, as they could be driven from either end, as with modern passenger trains.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Service
The railcars worked briefly on Teesside, then in Yorkshire for the rest of their working lives, on lines round Scarborough, Harrogate and Selby. No . 3171 was withdrawn on 31 May 1930 and no. 3170 on 4 April 1931.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
The body of no. 3170 was used as a holiday home near Kirbymoorside in North Yorkshire for 70 years and was bought by a railway enthusiast in 2003. A trust was formed to restore the vehicle and a trailer coach to form an Edwardian multiple unit that will be twice as old as most of the (ex-BR) DMUs on other heritage railways.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
There are several changes to the autocar, to reflect changes in railway technology and regulation. The power unit is based around a new diesel engine from Cummins and the chassis is a strengthened conversion of one from a GNR milk and brake van. The work done to the chassis has been meant substantial delay and expense, but is a vital part of the project.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
To achieve its aim of restoring the autocar back to working order and restore the trailer coach to go with it, the NER 1903 Electric Autocar Trust has been awarded several grants. The largest grant was awarded in March 2011 from the Heritage Lottery Fund for a total of £465,800. PRISM (the fund for the PReservation of Industrial and Scientific Material) also awarded the project £20,000 for the restoration of the bodywork of the two vehicles, and the Ken Hoole Trust awarded the project £5000, which has gone towards the restoration of the woodwork. In December 2014, the Transport Trust granted the Trust a loan facility of up to £46,000 to cover any shortfall in the Trust finances, caused by the extra expense on the chassis.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
Restoration work started in early 2011. The Trust's web-site has details of the latest developments and news is also posted on the LNER Encyclopedia's Forum page and on RMWeb. Videos of the testing of the new powerunit and chassis on the Great Central Railway (preserved) are posted on YouTube - the 'official' one is at . There is another shot by our test-driver at  which includes rail-level footage.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
In addition to the autocar, the Trust has restored an NER 'autocoach', which was kindly donated to the Trust by the NER coach group at the North Yorkshire Moors Railway. This was stabled at Levisham for many years, but is now (September 2018) substantially restored.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
Brake tests on the autocar were carried out on the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway during September and October 2018. The autocar officially re-entered service on Friday 19 October 2018. Both vehicles are expected to operate regular public service in early 2019.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Preservation
The Trust is always looking for volunteers or members to support the project either by working on restoration/maintenance, as 'hosts'/'explainers' to passengers, on 'back room' tasks or via a financial donation.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Modelling the autocar
Following the renewed interest in the petrol-electric autocars after the founding of the Trust, two manufacturers make model kits of the autocars. In 2 mm and 4 mm (OO Gauge) scales, Worsley Works makes an etched brass kit of the body. 3 mm scale etches have also been produced to order. In 7 mm (O Gauge), NER Days makes a kit in nickel-silver. A series of articles was written about the construction of one of these by a Trust member in the quarterly newsletter (issues 7 - 16) back copies of which can be downloaded from the membership page.


1903 Petrol Electric Autocar, Modelling the autocar
Rails of Sheffield in partnership with Heljan are producing an rtr Model of the NER Autocars in 00 Gauge. Covering Their NER and LNER conditions. Three are to be produced covering: 3170 in NER Red/Cream (1904-1923), 3171 in NER Red/Cream (1904-1930), 3170 in LNER Brown (1923-1931)


1903 Philadelphia Athletics (NFL) season
The 1903 Philadelphia Athletics football season  was their second, and last, season in existence. The team played independently of any league since the first National Football League ceased operations in 1902. The Athletics only played two recorded games in 1903, posting a 1-0-1 record.


1903 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1903 Philadelphia Athletics season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a record of 75 wins and 60 losses, 14½ games behind the Boston Americans.


1903 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1903 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in American baseball. The team finished seventh in the National League with a record of 49–86, 39 1⁄2 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates.


1903 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season
On August 8, 1903, a balcony collapsed at Baker Bowl during a game against Boston. The New York Times reported the following day that four were killed and 125 injured. The Phillies temporarily called Columbia Park home while Baker Bowl was repaired. They played sixteen games at Columbia Park in August and September 1903.


1903 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Philadelphia mayoral election
The Philadelphia mayoral election of 1903 saw the election John Weaver.


1903 Pittsburgh College football team
The 1903 Pittsburgh College football team was an American football team that represented Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost—now known as Duquesne University—during the 1903 college football season. T. A. Giblin served in his first and only season as the team's head coach.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 22nd year the Pittsburgh Pirates played in Major League Baseball. The club finished their season as National League champions, beating the second-place New York Giants by 6+1⁄2 games. They went on to participate in the 1903 World Series, the first to be played between the champions of the National League and American League. The Pirates started off well, winning 3 of the first four games, but the Boston Americans won the last four straight to win the series five games to three. The Pirates set a record of 56 consecutive innings without allowing the opposing team to score a run, a record that still stands today.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 1
October 1, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 1
The Pirates started Game 1 strong, scoring six runs in the first four innings. They extended their lead to 7–0 on a solo home run by Jimmy Sebring in the 7th, the first home run in World Series history. Boston tried to mount a comeback in the last three innings, but it was too little, too late, as they ended up losing by a score of 7–3 in the first ever World Series game. Both starting pitchers, Deacon Phillippe of the Pirates and Cy Young of Boston, threw complete games, with Phillippe striking out 10 and Young fanning 5, but Young also gave up twice as many hits and allowed 3 earned runs to Phillippe's 2.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 2
October 2, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 2
After starting out strong in Game 1, the Pirates simply shut down offensively, managing to get a meager 3 hits, all of which were singles. Pirates starter Sam Leever went only one inning and gave up 3 hits and 2 runs before being replaced by Bucky Veil in the second inning due to injury, who finished the game for Pittsburgh. Bill Dinneen struck out 11 and pitched a complete game for the Americans, while Patsy Dougherty hit home runs in the first and sixth innings to produce 2 of the Boston's 3 runs.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 3
October 3, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 3
Deacon Phillippe, pitching on only one day rest, started Game 3 for the Pirates, and did not let them down as he pitched his second complete-game victory of the series to put the Pirates up two games to one.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 4
After two days of rest, Deacon Phillippe was ready to pitch his second straight game. He threw his third complete-game victory of the series against Bill Dinneen, who was pitching in his second start of the series. However, Phillippe's second straight victory was almost not to be, as the Americans, down 5–1 in the top of the ninth, staged a rally to bring the game within one. The comeback attempt failed, though, as Phillippe managed to put an end to it and give the Pirates a commanding 3–1 series lead.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 5
Game 5 was a pitcher's duel for the first five innings, with Boston's Cy Young and Pittsburgh's Brickyard Kennedy giving up no runs. That changed at the top of the sixth, however, when the Americans scored a then-record 6 runs that inning. Young, on the other hand, managed to keep his shutout intact before finally giving up a pair of runs in the bottom of the eighth. He went the distance and struck out four for his first World Series win.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 6
Game 6 featured a rematch between the starters of Game 2, Bill Dinneen (Boston) and Sam Leever (Pittsburgh). This time, Leever would pitch the entire game, but despite throwing a complete game he was outmatched by Dinneen, who ended up with his second complete-game victory of the series. After losing three of the first four games of the World Series, the underdog Boston Americans had tied the series at three games apiece.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 7
The fourth and final game in Allegheny City saw Deacon Phillippe start his fourth game of the series for Pittsburgh. This time, however, he wouldn't fare as well as he did in his first three starts. Cy Young, pitching in his third start of the series, would face a much more favorable fate, holding the Pirates to only three runs.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 8
October 13, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 8
The final game of the inaugural World Series started out as an intense pitcher's duel, with no runs being scored until the fourth inning – when a Hobe Ferris single scored two runners. Deacon Phillippe started his fifth and final game of the series, while Bill Dinneen started his fourth game of the series.


1903 Pittsburgh Pirates season, 1903 World Series, Game 8
As he did in Game 2, Dinneen threw a complete game shutout while striking out seven, leading the Boston Americans to victory, while Phillippe, who also threw a respectable game, just couldn't pitch at Dinneen's level due to wearing out his arm in the series (as a result of playing so many games in such a short time span) and gave up three runs in the defeat. Honus Wagner struck out to end the Series.


1903 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1903 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1903 college football season. The team finished with an 11–0 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and Parke H. Davis, and as a co-national champion by the National Championship Foundation. They outscored their opponents 259 to 6.


1903 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1903 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1903 college football season. In their first season under head coach Oliver Cutts, the Boilermakers compiled a 4–2 record before 14 players were killed in a train accident on the way to a game in Indianapolis. Purdue officials canceled the game and the remainder of Purdue's schedule, leading the Boilermakers to finish in last place in the Western Conference with an 0–2 record against conference opponents, outscoring their opponents by a combined total of 87 to 48. I. S. Osborn was the team captain.


1903 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1903 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1903. Incumbent Democrat Lucius F. C. Garvin defeated Republican nominee Samuel Pomeroy Colt with 49.29% of the vote.


1903 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1903 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as a member of the Eastern Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (EVIAA) during the 1903 college football season. Led by Fred Vail in his first and only year as head coach, Richmond compiled a record of 6–3–1.


1903 Rochester by-election
The Rochester by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held in England in September 1903 for the House of Commons constituency of Rochester in Kent.


1903 Rochester by-election, Vacancy
The vacancy was caused when the borough's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) James Gascoyne-Cecil, known by his courtesy title as Viscount Cranborne, succeeded to the peerage on 22 August 1903. He had been MP for Darwen from 1885 to 1892, and then for Rochester since winning the seat at a by-election in 1893.


1903 Rochester by-election, Electoral history
Cranborne had been returned unopposed at the 1900 general election, so the borough had not seen a contested parliamentary election since 1895.


1903 Rochester by-election, Candidates
The two major parties chose their candidates on 2 September. The Unionists (the Conservatives and their Liberal Unionist allies) chose Charles Tuff, the owner of a large firm of contractors. He had been mayor of Rochester from 1900 to 1902.


1903 Rochester by-election, Candidates
The Liberal Party selected as its candidate Sir Harry Johnston, an African explorer and colonial administrator.


1903 Rochester by-election, Candidates
The writ for the by-election was received on 15 September by the mayor, who fixed 18 September as the closing day for nominations, and Wednesday 23 September as polling day. No independent or minor party candidates were nominated, so the election was a two-way contest between Tuff and Johnston.


1903 Rochester by-election, Campaign
The Liberals were disappointed that the election was called so soon after the vacancy occurred, because they believed that a longer campaign would help their prospects. Both candidates had issued the election address by 9 September, along with a lot of supporting literature. The two parties hoped to canvass all the borough's electors, but acknowledged that the shortness of the campaign made this target unlikely. The Unionists were reported by The Times newspaper to have a "near-perfect" organisation in Rochester.


1903 Rochester by-election, Campaign
The main issue in the campaign was tariff reform, over which the Liberal Unionist minister Joseph Chamberlain had recently resigned from the cabinet to campaign for Imperial Preference. The Liberals also focused on the conduct of the Second Boer War.


1903 Rochester by-election, Campaign
In the first full week of the campaign, the Unionists decided not to hold a large public meeting, but rather to hold five smaller meetings in different parts of the borough. Speakers were to include Sir William Hart Dyke MP and Horatio Davies MP.


1903 Rochester by-election, Campaign
The Liberals held the biggest meeting, at the Corn Exchange, but otherwise the meetings organised by the Unionists were better attended. A major theme in the campaign was the question of free trade; Edmund Robertson MP spoke at a Liberal meeting to say that the issue was simply one of taxing food: would the tariffs on food be renewed? Johnston sent a "personal note" to Unionist supporters condemning the Unionist government's handling of the Boer War, and accusing them of deliberately throwing away the lives of British soldiers. He called on any Unionists who saw themselves as patriots to abstain rather than elect a supporter of such a government. Extensive canvassing took place on Saturday 19 September, after which both parties reported that the outcome would likely depend on the Labour vote.


1903 Rochester by-election, Campaign
Both the Tariff Reform League and the Free Trade Association distributed large numbers of leaflets and cartoons, and the Licensed Victuallers Association was actively organising in support of the Unionists.


1903 Rochester by-election, Campaign
The costs incurred by the two candidates were reported in The Times in November 1903: Tuff's campaign had spent £559 18s 5d, and Johnston's campaign had spent £636 4s. 4d .


1903 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1903 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1903 college football season. In their first season under head coach Oliver D. Mann, the Queensmen compiled a 4–4–1 record and were outscored by their opponents, 110 to 94. The team captain, for the second consecutive year, was Alfred Ellet Hitchner.


1903 Rye by-election
The Rye by-election, 1903 was a by-election held in England on 17 March 1903 for the House of Commons constituency of the Rye or Eastern Division of Sussex.


1903 Rye by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Arthur Montagu Brookfield. Brookfield had been MP for Rye since 1885 but he resigned in order to take up the post of HM Consul in Montevideo.


1903 Rye by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives and Unionists selected 54-year-old Edward Boyle who was a barrister and King’s Counsel, as their candidate. Boyle had unsuccessfully contested Hastings at the 1900 general election and had his country seat at Hurst Green in the then Rye constituency.


1903 Rye by-election, Candidates
The Liberals chose Charles Frederick Hutchinson, a 53-year-old medical doctor who had retired to Sussex. Hutchinson had been their candidate against Arthur Brookfield at the 1900 general election.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign
The opposing candidates adopted classic by-election positions. Boyle defending the Conservative government record, Hutchinson attacking it. One newspaper reported Boyle making his chief appeal ‘on general grounds’. Rye was a largely rural seat and Boyle chose to focus on agricultural issues praising the Agricultural Rates Act of 1896, which had led to the de-rating of farm land, as a step in the right direction and promising to keep up Brookfield’s campaign to press legislative proposals for the defence of the hop industry.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign
On the controversial issue of education, following the 1902 Education Act, Boyle took the view that, while this was not a perfect piece of legislation, it was an honest attempt to deal with a difficult matter. Boyle also took a stand against Irish Home Rule stating he was ‘absolutely against a separate Parliament for Ireland’.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign
Hutchinson by contrast described the Education Act as a gross injustice to non-conformists and relied on appeals to religion elsewhere in his campaign calling for the maintenance of the Protestant character of the Church of England. In this he was supported by the receipt of a letter from the Reverend R J Campbell, of the City Temple  and one the country’s leading non-conformist clergy. The letter urged voters to return Liberal candidates such as Hutchinson to Parliament with a view to a speedy reversal of the current education policy. This focus on religion may have served Hutchinson particularly well at this time as the Weald was said to be one of the few significant pockets of Nonconformity in the rural Home Counties.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign
As a Liberal, it was not surprising when Hutchinson came out in support of Irish Home Rule.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign
On foreign policy, Hutchinson declared himself against European complications and alliances. As a Liberal Imperialist he no doubt saw the future in the context of the British Empire. He supported the taxation of land values, licensing reform, the extension of smallholdings and one man one vote. At a conference held at Hastings by the Sussex Women’s Liberal Association, he promised to support a Bill for women's suffrage.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign, Election incidents
The election turned nasty at some points. A Conservative procession at Battle was attacked by stone and bottle throwers and torches were wrested from their bearers. It was reported that many people were injured. On the other side however a Liberal meeting at Rye was cut short owing to what was described as an onslaught by young Tories and one of Hutchinson’s meetings at Burwash was similarly infiltrated and disrupted by Boyle’s supporters.


1903 Rye by-election, Campaign, Election incidents
Boyle also suffered a couple of setbacks when his motor cars broke down. It was reported that on Friday 13 March (perhaps inevitably on such a date) that he met with his second motor accident, being left stranded on a country road with the induction coil out of gear.


1903 Rye by-election, Result
The result was a win for Hutchinson and the Liberal Party.


1903 Rye by-election, Result
Rye was a typical mid-term by-election result with public opinion turning against the party in office. It seems that Boyle had been right to try and focus on agricultural issues as one commentator has noted that the import duty on corn (which had been introduced as a Boer War revenue measure in the 1902 budget) was a factor in this and other by-election upsets of the day.


1903 Rye by-election, Result
One decisive factor in Hutchinson’s victory may however simply have been better organisation than that of the Unionists. It was reported a week before polling that the Conservative agents seemed complacent and were taking a laissez-faire approach to electioneering. It was noted that they had not held as many meetings as expected and could do with more outside assistance from agents who knew their jobs. It was also reported that the Liberals held 25 meetings across the constituency on the eve of poll,  supported by a dozen Members of Parliament.


1903 Rye by-election, Result
This compared with the Tories holding between 12 and 20 eve of poll events, depending on which reports were most accurate, with about six MPs. If there was any sense of complacency in the Conservative camp this presumably flowed from the fact that Rye had long been one of their stronghold seats.


1903 Rye by-election, Result
However the Tory election agent at least had sensed the danger as he told supporters that a very determined effort was being made by what he called the Radical party to win the seat and he complained that he had had to deal with a mass of misrepresentation and false statements, accusing the Liberals of even circulating untrue statements about Mr Boyle’s religious views.


1903 Rye by-election, Result
What is clear is that the Liberals had never previously made such a sustained effort to capture the seat. Complaints were made that they had brought in a number of professional outside agents, paid by other local Liberal associations or by headquarters in Parliament Street, payments to whom were unlikely to be included in the official election expense returns. The press expected questions to be put to the Attorney General on the legality or otherwise of this practice.


1903 Rye by-election, Aftermath
Hutchinson held the seat until 1906 when the Rye reverted to its more usual Conservative representation. After his defeat by George Courthope, Hutchinson did not stand for Parliament again.


1903 Rye by-election, Aftermath
Boyle was elected in 1906 as MP for Taunton, but held the seat for only 3 years, until his death in 1909 at the age of 60.


1903 SAFA Grand Final
The 1903 SAFA Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between Port Adelaide and the South Adelaide Football Club at the Adelaide Oval on 12 September 1903. It was the 8th instalment of the Grand Final of the South Australian Football Association, staged to determine the premiers for the 1903 SAFA season. The match, attended by 14,000 spectators, was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 7 points, marking the club's first premiership in its Wharf Pylon guernsey and the club's fourth SAFA premiership victory overall.


1903 SAFA season
The 1903 South Australian Football Association season was the 27th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1903 San Diego mayoral election
The 1903 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 7, 1903 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent Mayor Frank P. Frary was reelected to a second term with a plurality of the votes.


1903 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Incumbent Mayor Frank P. Frary, a Republican, stood for reelection to a second two-year term. His reelection was contested by James E. Wadham, a Democrat, and Frank Simpson, a Socialist. Wadham ran on a Democratic Party platform that advocated for public ownership of gas and electricity as well as the development of pueblo lands.


1903 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
On April 7, 1903, Frary was reelected mayor with a plurality of 49.0 percent of the vote. Wadham came in second with 43.7 percent of the vote. This represented an 8.4 percent swing in the Democrat's favor compared to 1901, but was not enough to defeat Frary. Simpson came in third with 7.3 percent.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1903 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South in the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Mooney
The season opened with a defeat of Mooney School by a 23–0 score.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Cumberland
Sewanee gave the greatest team in Cumberland history its only loss.. Henry D. Phillips plowed through the line for the deciding score.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Cumberland
The starting lineup was Wheless (left end), L. Kirby-Smith (left tackle), Blount (left guard), Watkins (center), Phillips (right guard), Brong (right tackle), Jones (right end), Scarbrough (quarterback), Colmore (left halfback), E. Kirby Smith (right halfback), Stewart (fullback).


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Auburn
Sewanee easily beat Auburn 47–0. The first half was all Sewanee. Phillips made the first touchdown. After an Auburn fumble, Shaffer made the next touchdown. Phillips soon made the next touchdown. Kirby-Smith the next. In the second half, Auburn played better, but got nowhere near Sewanee's goal. Phillips had three touchdowns in the second half, "by some of the finest line bucking ever seen here."


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Auburn
The starting lineup was Wheless (left end), L. Kirby-Smith (left tackle), Harper (left guard), Watkins (center), Phillips (right guard), Brong (right tackle), Jones (right end), Scarbrough (quarterback), Colmore (left halfback), Shaffer (right halfback), Stewart (fullback).


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Alabama
Sewanee beat Alabama 23–0 in the first match between the two schools since 1896. The game was originally scheduled to be played in Tuscaloosa, but was subsequently moved to West End Park in  Birmingham in an effort to increase gate receipts. Phillips made the first score.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Alabama
The starting lineup was Wheless (left end), Brong (left tackle), Harper (left guard), Watkins (center), Phillips (right guard), L. Kirby-Smith (right tackle), Jones (right end), Scarbrough (quarterback), Colmore (left halfback), E. Kirby Smith (right halfback), Stewart (fullback).


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Nashville
Sewanee defeated the Nashville Garnet and Blue 6–0. In 1903, Wreidt, the team's coach, resigned and Nashville football was threatened with its end, but it survived for a few more years.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Sewanee was defeated by rival Vanderbilt, 10–5, the first team to even score on the Tigers. Sewanee was crippled in the first half by the loss of Stewart, who fractured his ankle in a scrimmage before the game. He tried to play through it, but had to be helped off the field. John J. Tigert, later a prominent educator, got Vanderbilt's first touchdown. Sewanee tied the score with a touchdown in the second half. Later, Vanderbilt had the ball at the 4-yard line third down.


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
"As great a stand of a football elevve was that of Sewaee before Vanderbilt's winning touchdown was made." On third down from the 1-yard line the center Perry fell on a fumble. Sewanee protested that the runner was down, but Vanderbilt was awarded the touchdown. "Vanderbilt, in fact all Nashville, is wild with joy tonight. Sewanee is looking forward to next Thanksgiving."


1903 Sewanee Tigers football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
The starting lineup was Wheless (left end), Brong (left tackle), Harper (left guard), Watkins (center), Phillips (right guard), E. Kirby-Smith (right tackle), Jones (right end), Scarbrough (quarterback), Sawrie (left halfback), Colmore (right halfback), Stewart (fullback).


1903 Shurtleff football team
The 1903 Shurtleff football team represented Shurtleff College during the 1903 college football season. The team played at Sportsman's Park in Alton, Illinois. The field was owned by the Western Military Academy.


1903 South Antrim by-election
The 1903 South Antrim by-election was held after the sitting Unionist MP William Ellison-Macartney had left the Commons to take up the post of  Deputy-Master of the Royal Mint. The Unionists nominated Charles Craig, a first time candidate who defeated a Russellite opponent to win the seat.


1903 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1903 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1903 college football season. The team posted an 8–2 record. The team suffered losses to North Carolina and NC State.


1903 South Meath by-election
The South Meath by-election, 1903 was a by-election held on 9 October 1903 for the British House of Commons constituency of South Meath.


1903 South Meath by-election
The by-election was triggered by the death of the Independent Nationalist Member of Parliament (MP) James Laurence Carew.


1903 South Meath by-election
The Irish Parliamentary Party nominated David Sheehy, a former member for Galway South, as its candidate. The former member for this constituency, John Howard Parnell, had lost to Carew in the previous general election due to an oversight which led to Carew being elected unopposed. Parnell was nominated as an Independent Nationalist. Sheehy was elected with more than twice the votes of Parnell.


1903 Southern African Customs Union Agreement
The 1903 Southern African Customs Union Agreement was a multilateral treaty between the British colonies and protectorates in Southern Africa that created a customs union between the territories.


1903 Southern African Customs Union Agreement
After the British victory in the Second Boer War, movements began to unify and consolidate British holdings in Southern Africa. The 1903 Customs Union Agreement was signed by the parties to the Agreement over the course of a month in several different locations. The dates on which it was signed were 6, 12, and 25 May and 3 June 1903, and signings took place in Johannesburg, Pietermaritzburg, Douglas, and Salisbury. The Agreement was signed by the governments of the Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal, the Orange River Colony, the Transvaal Colony, and Southern Rhodesia. The Governor of the Cape Colony, who was the High Commissioner for Southern Africa, also signed on behalf of Basutoland and the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Swaziland was admitted to the union in a supplementary protocol that was agreed to in 1904, while North-western Rhodesia was admitted in 1905.


1903 Southern African Customs Union Agreement
The Agreement established a customs union area with free trade amongst the parties. The success of the customs union encouraged some British residents to seek political unification, which ultimately resulted in the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. (Basutoland, Southern Rhodesia, and Swaziland did not join the political union.) In 1910, the Southern African Customs Union was created as the successor to the 1903 union;  however, Southern Rhodesia did not join the 1910 customs union.


1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1903 college football season. The season began on September 25.


1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
1903 met difficulty in determining an SIAA champion. Clemson had the best record, but lost to an inferior North Carolina team; and in the game to secure the SIAA title were tied by Cumberland. Clemson's John Heisman pushed strongly for Cumberland to share the SIAA title. Cumberland's strongest victory was its win over Vanderbilt.


1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
However, Sewanee beat Cumberland, yet suffered its only loss to Vanderbilt. Heisman originally challenged the winner of the Vanderbilt-Sewanee game. John J. Tigert was a star player for Vanderbilt. Nash Buckingham rated Kentucky University and Vanderbilt as best in the south.


1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
PPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per game


1903 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1903 Southwestern Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their only year under head coach J. Ovey Herpin, the team compiled a 1–1 record.


1903 Spanish general election
The 1903 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 26 April and on Sunday, 10 May 1903, to elect the 11th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 403 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Background
The Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pacífico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Spanish Cortes were envisaged as "co-legislative bodies", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Congress of Deputies, 95 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 27 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 308 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
In constituencies electing eight seats or more, electors could vote for no more than three candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 7 for Barcelona, 5 for Palma and Seville, 4 for Cartagena and 3 for Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates—equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation—would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 150.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The remaining 30 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each—the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville and Valencia.


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
An additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right—the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures—and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).


1903 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date
The term of each House of the Cortes—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election
The St Andrews Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Vacancy
Henry Torrens Anstruther had been Liberal Unionist MP for the seat of St Andrews Burghs since the 1886 general election. He resigned on taking up the position of a Director of the Suez Canal.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Liberal Unionist since they gained it in 1886. They easily held the seat at the last election, with an increased majority;


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal Unionist Association selected 44-year-old Major William Anstruther-Thomson as their candidate to defend the seat. He served in South Africa from 1901-1902 where he was commandant of the district of Knysna in 1901, and Inspector of Concentration Camps in Transvaal in 1902.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal Association selected 45-year-old Captain Edward Charles Ellice as their candidate to gain the seat. He was cousin and heir of Edward Ellice, a previous MP for the constituency.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was fixed for the 17 September 1903, just days after the previous MP.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Campaign
Ellice, the Liberal candidate, declared himself against Home Rule for Ireland and also declined to support the disestablishment of the church in Scotland, both Liberal policies. This made his campaign less distinguishable from the Liberal Unionists. However, the candidates did differ on the question of trade, Ellice supported the Liberal position of support for Free trade while Thomson supported Tariff Reform as being advocated by leading Unionist Joseph Chamberlain.


1903 St Andrews Burghs by-election, Aftermath
Anstruther-Thomson changed his name in 1904 to Anstruther-Gray. At the following general election, he re-gained the seat, the result was;


1903 St. Louis Browns season
The 1903 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the American League with a record of 65 wins and 74 losses, 26½ games behind the Boston Americans.


1903 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1903 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 22nd season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 12th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 43–94 during the season and finished 8th in the National League.


1903 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 St. Xavier Saints football team
The 1903 St. Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented St. Xavier College (later renamed Xavier University) during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 7–3 record, shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 121 to 63.


1903 Stanford football team
The 1903 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1903 college football season and was coached by James F. Lanagan, a former Stanford baseball player, in his first season coaching the team.


1903 Stanford football team, Game summaries, California
The 1903 Big Game was the last to be played on a neutral field in San Francisco. It ended in a 6–6 tie. Beginning with the 1904 Big Game, the game was alternated between the home field of each team.


1903 Stetson Hatters football team
The 1903 Stetson Hatters football team represented the private Stetson College in the sport of American football during the 1903 college football season. The team claimed a state title.


1903 Svenska Mästerskapet
The 1903 Svenska Mästerskapet was the eighth season of Svenska Mästerskapet, the football Cup to determine the Swedish champions. Göteborgs IF won the tournament by defeating Göteborgs FF in the final with a 5–2 score.


1903 Swarthmore Quakers football team
The 1903 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 6–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 99 to 67. George H. Brooke was the head coach.


1903 Swiss referendums
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by GiantSnowman (talk | contribs) at 20:10, 18 March 2020 (Cleaned up using AutoEd, date formats per MOS:DATEFORMAT by script). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1903 Swiss referendums
Four referendums were held in Switzerland during 1903. The first was held on 15 March on a federal law on tariffs, and was approved by 59.6% of voters. The second, third and fourth were all held on 25 October concerning an amendment to the federal criminal law, a popular initiative on Swiss residents electing the National Council and an amendment to article 32bis of the constitution. All three were rejected by voters.


1903 Swiss referendums, Background
The referendums on tariffs and the federal criminal law were optional referendums, which required only a majority of the public vote. The referendum on the changes to National Council elections was popular initiative and the referendum on the constitutional amendment was a mandatory referendum, both of which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.


1903 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1903 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1903 college football season.


1903 TCU football team
The 1903 TCU football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. TCU finished the season 0–7 overall. They played their home games in Waco, Texas.


1903 Tamworth state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tamworth on 4 April 1903 because of the bankruptcy of Raymond Walsh (Progressive).


1903 Tasmanian state election
The 1903 Tasmanian state election was held on 2 April 1903 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 35 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. Women got the right to vote at the election.


1903 Tasmanian state election
Elliott Lewis, leader of the Ministerial group, entered the election as the incumbent Premier of Tasmania. At the election, the group lost 10 seats and Lewis lost his seat. The Opposition led by William Propsting won government. The Workers' Political League (the future Australian Labor Party) fielded candidates for the first time, winning three seats. John Earle became leader of the parliamentary party in 1906.


1903 Tempe Normal Owls football team
The 1903 Tempe Normal Owls football team was an American football team that represented Tempe Normal School (later renamed Arizona State University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Frederick M. Irish, the Owls compiled a 2–0 record, shut out both opponents, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 33 to 0. The team won games against the Phoenix High School (18–0) and the Phoenix Indians (15–0).


1903 Tennessee Docs football team
The 1903 Tennessee Docs football team represented University of Tennessee College of Medicine as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team was beaten by the Cumberland Bulldogs, co-champions of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA), 86 to 0. The Tennessee Docs also lost to Ole Miss 17 to 0.


1903 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1903 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was coached by Hubert Fisher in his second and final season at Tennessee. The Volunteers went 4–5 overall with a record of 2–4 in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).


1903 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1903 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas—now known as Texas A&M University as an independent during the 1903 college football season.


1903 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1903 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1903 Tie Cup Final
The 1903 Tie Cup Final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 4th. edition of the international competition organised by Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. As its previous editions, the final was contested by two teams from Argentina, Alumni (third consecutive final contested) and Rosario A.C. (fourth consecutive final).


1903 Tie Cup Final
The match, held in Sociedad Sportiva Argentina stadium, was won by Alumni 3–2 after extra time, winning its 2nd. title in this competition.


1903 Tie Cup Final, Overview
The cup was contested by nine teams, with five playing in the Argentine Primera División, two from Rosarian League and two playing in Uruguayan league. Flores could not register in the tournament while Estudiantes (BA) declined to participate.


1903 Tie Cup Final, Overview
In the first round, Alumni achieved a large victory over arch-rival Belgrano A.C. (6–1) at Quilmes stadium while Rosario A.C. had thrashed Rosario Central 5–0 in Plaza Jewell. In semifinals, Alumni defeated Club Nacional de Football (1–0 at Parque Central) while Rosario A.C. beat Quilmes 2–0 in Plaza Jewell.


1903 Tie Cup Final, Overview
Although Rosario A.C. did not win the Cup, the club was in the road to consolidate not only as the main team in its city of origin but one of the strongest teams in Argentina, with four consecutive international finals played. Nevertheless, the club would abandon the practise of football in the 1910s, focusing on rugby union and field hockey.


1903 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1903 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1903 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
Two-Mile Borris won the championship after a defeat of Lahora De Wets in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1900.


1903 Toronto Argonauts season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jamesefraser (talk | contribs) at 16:30, 23 October 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1903 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1903 Toronto Argonauts season was to be the club's 18th season of organized league play since its inception in 1873. However, the Argonaut Football Club resigned in protest from the senior series of the Ontario Rugby Football Union on the eve of the season after the ORFU Executive Committee rejected the club's petition against the Union's decision to reinstate two ineligible players on opposing clubs. As a result, the club did not participate in league competition in 1903.


1903 Tour de France
The 1903 Tour de France was the first cycling race set up and sponsored by the newspaper L'Auto, ancestor of the current daily, L'Équipe. It ran from 1 to 19 July in six stages over 2,428 km (1,509 mi), and was won by Maurice Garin.


1903 Tour de France
The race was invented to boost the circulation of L'Auto, after its circulation started to plummet from competition with the long-standing Le Vélo. Originally scheduled to start in June, the race was postponed one month, and the prize money was increased, after a disappointing level of applications from competitors. The 1903 Tour de France was the first stage road race, and compared to modern Grand Tours, it had relatively few stages, but each was much longer than those raced today. The cyclists did not have to compete in all six stages, although this was necessary to qualify for the general classification.


1903 Tour de France
The pre-race favourite, Maurice Garin, won the first stage, and retained the lead throughout. He also won the last two stages, and had a margin of almost three hours over the next cyclist. The circulation of L'Auto increased more than sixfold during and after the race, so the race was considered successful enough to be rerun in 1904, by which time Le Vélo had been forced out of business.


1903 Tour de France, Origin
After the Dreyfus affair separated advertisers from the newspaper Le Vélo, a new newspaper L'Auto-Vélo was founded in 1900, with former cyclist Henri Desgrange as editor. After being forced to change the name of the newspaper to L'Auto in 1903, Desgrange needed something to keep the cycling fans; with circulation at 20,000, he could not afford to lose them.


1903 Tour de France, Origin
When Desgrange and young employee Géo Lefèvre were returning from the Marseille–Paris cycling race, Lefèvre suggested holding a race around France, similar to the popular six-day races on the track. Desgrange proposed the idea to the financial controller Victor Goddet, who gave his approval, and on 19 January 1903, the Tour de France was announced in L'Auto.


1903 Tour de France, Origin
It was to have been a five-week race, from 1 June to 5 July, with an entry fee of 20 francs. These conditions attracted very few cyclists: one week before the race was due to start, only 15 competitors had signed up. Desgrange then rescheduled the race from 1 to 19 July, increased the total prize money to 20,000 francs, reduced the entry fee to 10 francs and guaranteed at least five francs a day to the first 50 cyclists in the classification. After that, 79 cyclists signed up for the race, of whom 60 actually started the race.


1903 Tour de France, Origin
Géo Lefévre became the director, judge and time-keeper; Henri Desgrange was the directeur-général, although he did not follow the race.


1903 Tour de France, Rules and course
The 1903 Tour de France was run in six stages. Compared to modern stage races, the stages were extraordinarily long, with an average distance of over 400 km (250 mi), compared to the 171 km (106 mi) average stage length in the 2004 Tour de France; cyclists had one to three rest days between each stage, and the route was largely flat, with only one stage featuring a significant mountain.


1903 Tour de France, Rules and course
The cyclists were not grouped in teams but raced as individuals, and paid a fee of ten francs (€87.50 at 2003 prices) to compete in the race for general classification, or five francs to enter a single stage. As the stages were so long, all but the first started before dawn: the last stage started at 21:00 the night before.


1903 Tour de France, Rules and course
The first Tour de France crossed no mountain passes, but several lesser cols. The first was the col des Echarmeaux (712 m (2,336 ft)), on the opening stage from Paris to Lyon, on what is now the old road from Autun to Lyon. The stage from Lyon to Marseille included the col de la République (1,161 m (3,809 ft)), also known as the col du Grand Bois, at the edge of St-Etienne.


1903 Tour de France, Rules and course
In 1903, it was normal for a professional cyclist to hire pacers, who would lead them during the race. Desgrange forbade this: it was originally intended that in the final, longest, stage pacers would be allowed, but this was rescinded after the fifth stage.


1903 Tour de France, Rules and course
To ensure that the cyclists rode the entire route, stewards were stationed at various points around the course. The yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification had not yet been introduced, but the leader was identified by a green armband.


1903 Tour de France, Rules and course
The fastest eight cyclists on each stage received a prize between 50 francs and 1,500 francs, varying per stage. The fourteen best cyclists in the general classification received a prize from 3,000 francs for the winner to 25 francs for fourteenth place. The remaining seven cyclists to finish in the general classification each received 95 francs, 5 francs for each of the 19 days that the race took, provided that they had not won more than 200 francs in prize money and did not have an average speed below 20 km/h (12 mph) on any stage.


1903 Tour de France, Participants
In contrast to modern stage races, a cyclist who gave up during a stage was allowed to start again the next stage, although he would no longer be in contention for the general classification. Thus Hippolyte Aucouturier, who gave up during the first stage, was able to return, and won the second and third stages. Charles Laeser, winner of the fourth stage, had not completed the third stage.


1903 Tour de France, Participants
Sixty cyclists, all professionals or semi-professionals, started the race, of whom 49 were French, 4 Belgian, 4 Swiss, 2 German, and one Italian; 21 of them were sponsored by bicycle manufacturers, while 39 entered without commercial support. 24 other cyclists took advantage of the opportunity to enter specific stages: one rode in both the second and fourth stages, and additionally three cyclists took part in the second stage, one in the third stage, fifteen in the fourth stage only, and a further four only competed in the fifth stage.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
The pre-race favourites for the victory were Maurice Garin and Hippolyte Aucouturier. Garin dominated the race from the start by winning the first stage, a 471 km (293 mi) parcours from Paris to Lyon. The stage started at 15:16, and the cyclists initially rode with a speed of 35 km/h. The first cyclists abandoned after around 50 km (31 mi). At 23:00, Garin and Emile Pagie, leading the race, reached the control point in Nevers. Garin expected at that point that they would finish at 8:00 the next morning.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
During the night, Garin's main rival, Aucouturier, had stomach cramps, and was unable to finish the stage. Also during that first stage, the first breach of the rules occurred: Jean Fischer had used a car as pacer, which was illegal. Pagie fell down, but got up again; he and Garin kept leading the race during the night. Around 9:00 in the morning, both reached Lyon. Garin got away from Pagie, and finished one minute ahead.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
Although Aucouturier had abandoned in the first stage, and so was not eligible for the general classification, he could still start the rest of the stages. In the second stage, Aucouturier was able to win the sprint. In the third stage, the cyclists who were competing for the general classification started one hour earlier than the other cyclists, including Aucouturier. At the end of that stage, a group of four cyclists had broken away, and Eugène Brange won the sprint.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
Aucouturier finished 27 minutes later, but this meant that he had run the course 33 minutes faster, so he was declared the winner of the stage. Garin retained the lead, helped by a crash of second-placed Pagie in the second stage, which eliminated him from the race. In the fourth stage, Aucouturier had a clear lead and seemed set to win a third successive stage, but was caught using the slipstream of a car, and was removed from the race. Swiss Charles Laeser (who had abandoned in the 3rd stage) took the victory, becoming the first non-French winner.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
As in the third stage, the cyclists departed in two groups, and Laeser was in the second group because he was no longer contending for the general classification. Laeser finished more than 50 minutes after a group of six cyclists, but he had travelled the distance 4 minutes faster than them, so he was declared the winner.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
At that point, Garin was leading, with Émile Georget almost two hours behind. In the fifth stage, Georget had two flat tires, and fell asleep when he stopped at the side of the road to rest; he failed to finish. Thus Garin extended his lead by winning this stage, carrying nearly three hours' advantage into the final day's racing. Garin had requested other cyclists in the leading group to let him win the stage, but Fernand Augereau refused to do this.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
Garin then had Lucien Pothier throw down his bicycle in front of Augereau, who fell, and Garin then bent Augereau's rear wheel. Augereau quickly obtained a spare bike and continued to the finish, however Garin easily won the sprint. Augereau still received a prize of 100 francs from Velo-Sport Nantes for the fastest final kilometer of the stage in the Nantes velodrome.


1903 Tour de France, Race overview
The last stage was the longest, at 471 km (293 mi), and ran from Nantes to the small town of Ville-d'Avray, which lies between Versailles and Paris, instead of at the Parc des Princes velodrome. This was because of a bylaw forbidding road races to end on cycling tracks (a bylaw subsequently repealed in light of the race's success). Garin took his third stage win, and sealed overall victory by 2 hours 59 minutes 31 seconds: this remains the greatest margin of victory in the Tour de France. After celebrating with champagne, the riders cycled to Parc des Princes, where they made several laps of honour before an adoring crowd, to the sound of a bugle.


1903 Tour de France, Results, Stage results
In 1903, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate whether the stage included mountains.


1903 Tour de France, Results, General classification
There were 21 cyclists who had completed all six stages. For these cyclists, the times taken for each stage were added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner. The cyclists officially were not grouped in teams; some cyclists had the same sponsor, even though they were not allowed to work together,


1903 Tour de France, Aftermath
The circulation of L'Auto increased significantly due to this event; a special edition of 130,000 copies was made after the race was over, and normal circulation increased from 25,000 to 65,000. The big success made sure that the Tour de France was scheduled again for 1904. The cyclists had also become national heroes. Maurice Garin returned for the 1904 Tour de France  but his title defence failed when he was disqualified. With the prize money that he won in 1903, which totalled 6,075 francs, (approximately US$40,000 and GBP£23,000 in 2006 values) Garin later bought a gas station, where he worked for the rest of his life.


1903 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 3
The 1903 Tour de France was the 1st edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 1 July and Stage 3 occurred on 8 July with a flat stage to Toulouse. The race finished at the Parc des Princes in Paris on 18 July.


1903 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 3, Stage 1
1 July 1903 — Paris (Montgeron) to Lyon, 467 km (290.2 mi)


1903 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 3, Stage 1
The inaugural stage of the Tour de France departed from the Cafe au Réveil-Matin, in the south-eastern Paris suburb of Montgeron, at 3:16 p.m. The route headed south through Fontainebleau, Corbeil, Melun, Montargis, Nevers, Moulins, Lapalisse and Roanne, before arriving in Lyon. The riders had raced through the evening and night, to arrive from about 9 a.m. on the following day.


1903 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 3, Stage 2
5 July 1903 — Lyon to Marseille, 374 km (232.4 mi)


1903 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 3, Stage 3
8 July 1903 — Marseille to Toulouse, 423 km (263 mi)


1903 Tour de France, Stage 4 to Stage 6
The 1903 Tour de France was the 1st edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 1 July and Stage 4 occurred on 12 July with a flat stage from Toulouse. The race finished at the Parc des Princes in Paris on 18 July.


1903 Tour de France, Stage 4 to Stage 6, Stage 4
12 July 1903 — Toulouse to Bordeaux, 268 km (166.5 mi)


1903 Tour de France, Stage 4 to Stage 6, Stage 5
13 July 1903 — Bordeaux to Nantes, 425 km (264.1 mi)


1903 Tour de France, Stage 4 to Stage 6, Stage 6
18 July 1903 — Nantes to Paris, 471 km (293 mi)


1903 Tulane Olive and Blue football team
The 1903 Tulane Olive and Blue football team represented Tulane University during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1903 Tusculum Pioneers football team
The 1903 Tusculum Pioneers football team represented Tusculum College  during the 1903 college football season. They played two games against Baker-Himel School, losing the first and winning the second. It was the third season in school history.


1903 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
List of champions of the 1903 U.S. National Championships tennis tournament (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 16 August to 24 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's tournament was held from 24 June to 27 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. It was the 23rd U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. British Laurence Doherty became the first non-US winner of the men's championship.


1903 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's singles
Laurence Doherty (GBR) defeated  William Larned (USA) 6–0, 6–3, 10–8


1903 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Reginald Doherty (GBR) /  Laurence Doherty (GBR) defeated  Kreigh Collins (USA) /  Harry Wainder (USA) 7–5, 6–3, 6–3


1903 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Elisabeth Moore (USA) /  Carrie Neely (USA) defeated  Miriam Hall (USA) /  Marion Jones (USA) 4–6, 6–1, 6–1


1903 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles
Helen Chapman (USA) /  Harry Allen (USA) defeated  Carrie Neely (USA) /  W. H. Rowland (USA) 6–4, 7–5


1903 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Laurence Doherty defeated defending champion William Larned in the Challenge Round 6–0, 6–3, 10–8 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1903 U.S. National Championships. Doherty had defeated William Clothier in the All Comers' Final, which was delayed by a day due to rain.


1903 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
The event was held at the Newport Casino in Newport, R.I., USA. The entry list consisted of 97 players which was slightly smaller than that of the previous year.


1903 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Elisabeth Moore won the singles tennis title of the 1903 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating reigning champion Marion Jones 7–5, 8–6 in the challenge round. Moore had won the right to challenge Jones by defeating Carrie Neely 6–2, 6–4 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, from June 24 through June 27, 1903.


1903 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1903 U.S. Open was the ninth U.S. Open, held June 26–29 at Baltusrol Golf Club in Springfield, New Jersey, west of New York City. Willie Anderson won the second of his four U.S. Open titles in a playoff over David Brown. The championship was played on the original course at Baltusrol, now known as the Old Course, which no longer exists.


1903 U.S. Open (golf)
Anderson led after each of the first three rounds, with a six-shot lead after 54 holes, but carded 82 in the final round on Saturday afternoon. Brown's 76 equaled them at 307 total, eight strokes clear of the field. The playoff was moved to Monday because Sunday was reserved for member play, and was played in a heavy rainstorm. Anderson took a two-stroke lead at the turn, but Brown managed to tie after 14.


1903 U.S. Open (golf)
At the next hole, Brown made a seven after his tee shot went out of bounds, but Anderson only gained  a single stroke after three-putting for a six. At 16, Brown made a six to Anderson's five, and both made fours on the last two holes; Anderson ended at 82, two shots ahead.


1903 U.S. Open (golf)
Anderson had won in 1901 and was the first to win the U.S. Open twice; it was the first of three consecutive titles, a feat yet to be repeated. His four U.S. Open wins set a record which has been equaled by three others: Bobby Jones, Ben Hogan, and Jack Nicklaus.


1903 U.S. Open (golf)
Donald Ross, who would become known as one of the greatest golf course architects, designing several courses that hosted future U.S. Opens, had his best U.S. Open finish with a 5th place showing. Baseball Hall of Famer John Montgomery Ward played in his first of two U.S. Opens here, finishing in 56th place.


1903 U.S. Open (golf)
The Old Course at Baltusrol hosted the U.S. Open again a dozen years later in 1915, then was plowed under three years later in 1918 by course architect A. W. Tillinghast to create the Upper and Lower Courses.


1903 U.S. Open (golf), Past champions in the field
Did not play: Harry Vardon (1900), Fred Herd (1898), James Foulis (1896).


1903 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round
Amateurs: Douglas (322), Reinhart (325), Travis (326), Brokaw (333),                 Croker (348), Carnegie (353), Kellogg (356), Gillespie (357),                 Tappin (359), Watson (360), Ward (363), McDonald (372).


1903 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1903 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Copenhagen, Denmark from 16 to 22 August 1903. Four events for men were contested, two for professionals and two for amateurs.


1903 USC Methodists football team
The 1903 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1903 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach John Walker, compiling a 4–2 record.


1903 USFSA Football Championship
Statistics of the USFSA Football Championship in the 1903 season.


1903 United States House of Representatives elections
There were elections in 1903 to the United States House of Representatives:


1903 United States Senate election in New York
The 1903 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 20, 1903, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Background
Republican Thomas C. Platt had been re-elected to this seat in 1897, and his term would expire on March 3, 1903.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Background
At the State election in November 1902, 28 Republicans and 22 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1903-1904) in the State Senate; and 89 Republicans and 61 Democrats were elected for the session of 1903 to the Assembly. State Senator Patrick F. Trainor who had been re-elected, died on December 25, 1902, and his successor Peter J. Dooling was elected only after the senatorial election, on January 27. The 126th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 23, 1903, at Albany, New York.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus
The Republican caucus met on January 19. 25 State senators and 84 assemblymen attended, and State Senator William W. Armstrong presided. The caucus re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Thomas C. Platt almost unanimously. A single vote was cast for U.S. Secretary of War Elihu Root by Assemblyman William A. Denison of Jefferson County. Besides Denison voting against Platt, a small number of anti-Platt men did not attend the caucus.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Republican caucus
Boss Platt had forced the nomination of Attorney General John C. Davies to the New York Supreme Court in the 5th District, against the local Republican organization's wishes who accused Davies of incompetence. Davies was defeated in a landslide by Democrat Watson M. Rogers although the 5th District was heavily Republican. Thus boss Platt's power began to wane.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Democratic caucus
The Democratic caucus met also on January 19. All 62 State legislators attended, and Assemblyman Charles W. Hinson, of Erie County, presided. They nominated John B. Stanchfield unanimously. Stanchfield had been Mayor of Elmira, and was defeated when running for Governor of New York in 1900 by Republican Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Result
Thomas C. Platt was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. Three Republican anti-Platt men, State Senators Edgar T. Brackett (28th D.), Elon R. Brown and Nathaniel A. Elsberg (15th D.), voted for Elihu Root.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Result
Note: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result.


1903 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath
Platt remained in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1909 when he retired. In January 1909, Elihu Root was chosen by the Republicans to succeed Platt.


1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1903. Boies Penrose was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 20, 1903, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1903. Incumbent Republican Boies Penrose, who was elected in 1897, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:


1903 United States Senate election in South Carolina
The 1903 South Carolina United States Senate election, held January 27, 1903 to select the U.S. senator from the state of South Carolina, was predetermined by the Democratic Party primary election held on August 26, 1902, and September 9. Democrats were so overwhelmingly dominant that their nomination was tantamount to the general election.


1903 United States Senate election in South Carolina
Prior to the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, U.S. Senators were elected by the state legislature and not through the direct election by the people of the state. However, the Democratic Party of South Carolina organized primary elections for the U.S. Senate beginning in 1896 and the General Assembly would confirm the choice of the Democratic voters. Tillmanite Democrat Asbury Latimer won the Democratic primary and was elected by the General Assembly for a six-year term.