18th Intelligence Squadron, Lineage, Component elements
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, (31 Aug 2000 – 8 June 2010)Griffiss Air Force Base, New York, 7 September 1993 – 31 August 2000


18th Intelligence Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
The 18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival (Turkish: 18. Uluslararası Adana Altın Koza Film Festivali) was a film festival held in Adana, Turkey from September 17 to 25, 2011. Cash prizes totalling 936,000


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
Turkish Liras, the highest amount given by a film festival in Turkey, were awarded for all categories, for the first time in Turkey, in three competitive sections, nearly 220 films were shown both in and out of competition in a selection described by critic Ali Koca as "one of the event’s strongest  in recent years," following disappointment with the previous year's hastily rescheduled event, and there were also a range of lectures, workshops and other events, including the 1st International Golden Boll Film Congress, said to be the first to be organised during a film festival.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
This edition of the International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, which was founded in 1969 and is organised by the Adana Metropolitan City Municipality and accredited by FIPRESCI, was the first to accept digital submissions from filmmakers for its national feature competition.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
It began with an opening gala at the Merkez Park open-air theater on September 17 at which speeches were made by Adana Metropolitan City Municipality Deputy Head Zihni Aldırmaz and Development Minister Cevdet Yılmaz, Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to Turkish actors Kadir İnanır and Nebahat Çehre, and Turkish filmmaker Ali Özgentürk, and a concert was given by the trio of Mazhar-Fuat-Özkan.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
Turkish actors and actresses Nuri Alço, Yavuz Karakaş, Yılmaz Köksal and Yusuf Sezgin were among those who toured the city in old style roadsters as part of the annual "Love Cortege" while the annual Solidarity Night for Cinema took place at Mimar Sinan Amphitheatre. The festival closed with an awards ceremony hosted by academic Özlem Gürses and actor Murat Başoğlu at the Adana Merkez Park Amphitheater.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival
The festival also played host to the 1st International Golden Boll Film Congress, coordinated by Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Fine Arts Film Design Department and headed by Honorary Presidents Ö. Lütfi Akad, at the Adana Seyhan Hotel from September 21 to 24 on the theme of Turkish Cinema: Views from Turkey and the World, and the Adana Cinema Museum, also run by the Adana Metropolitan City Municipality, was officially opened in a restored historic mansion on Şeyhan Street.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Awards, Awards
The festival's Best Actor award was dedicated in honour of Adana-born actor Cem Erman who died shortly before the start of the festival.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Awards, Honorary Awards
Three Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented at the opening ceremony.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Awards, Honorary Awards
The festival also curated retrospectives of the recipients films and commissioned books from film critic Burçak Evren about their respective careers.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Competition Sections, National Feature Film Competition
Fourteen Turkish films made in the preceding year were selected by the Pre-Evaluation Board to compete in the festival’s National Feature Film Competition.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Competition Sections, National Student Films Competition
Seven documentary films, seven animation films, ten experimental films, ten fictional films by undergraduate students studying at cinema and television departments of Turkey’s communications and fine arts faculties were selected from the 180 films that were submitted to compete in the festival’s National Student Films Competition.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Competition Sections, Mediterranean Short Film Competition
Twelve documentary films, eighteen animation films, fourteen experimental films and forty-two fictional films were selected from the 526 films from 25 countries that were submitted to compete in the festival’s Mediterranean Short Film Competition.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Screening Sections, Retrospective: Derviş Zaim
Turkish Cypriot director Derviş Zaim, who headed the National Feature Film Competition Jury, received a retrospective of six of his works.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Screening Sections, Turkish Premiere: Once Upon a Time in Anatolia
The director was in attendance for the Turkish premiere of his 2011 Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix-winning film, as well as an exhibition of his photographic works.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Screening Sections, World Cinema
A selection of nine internationally acclaimed films, including the latest from American director Woody Allen.


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Screening Sections, The Desert of the Real
A selection of critically acclaimed documentaries were screened under the title "The Desert of the Real" (Turkish: Gerçeğin Çölü).


18th International Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, Screening Sections, I am Asian, I am African
Tunisian film critic Hassouna Mansouri and Lebanese director Bahij Hojeij were among the panel for the related discussion at the Metropolitan Municipality Theater Hall.


18th International Emmy Awards
The 18th International Emmy Awards took place on November 24, 1990, at the Sheraton Hotel in New York City, United States.


18th International Emmy Awards, Ceremony
The International Emmy Awards are given by International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. In addition, special awards were given to Henrikas Yushkiavitshus who received the International Council's Directorate Award, and Joan Ganz Cooney, who was given the Founder's Award.


18th Iowa Infantry Regiment
The 18th Iowa Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th Iowa Infantry was organized at Clinton, Iowa, and mustered in for three years of Federal service  on August 6, 1862.


18th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The 18th Iowa mustered 1127 men at one time or another during its existence. It suffered 2 officers and 33 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 131 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 167 fatalities. 79 were wounded.


18th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 18th Japan Film Professional Awards (第18回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) is the 18th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. It awarded the best of 2008 in film. The ceremony did not take place in this year.


18th Japan Record Awards
The 18th Annual Japan Record Awards took place at the Imperial Garden Theater in Chiyoda, Tokyo, on December 31, 1976, starting at 7:00PM JST. The primary ceremonies were televised in Japan on TBS.


18th June Road
18th June Road is one of the busiest streets in Panaji, Goa, India. It is located in the heart of the city, and is a major shopping destination for the tourist folks. Major businesses and restaurants line the street. The street is named after the day in 1946 on which Ram Manohar Lohia had called a meeting to put an end to the Portuguese rule in India.


18th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment
The 18th Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9, 1864. It was disbanded on October 29, 1864.


18th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Price's Raid. The regiment saw action at Little Blue, October 21.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment
The 18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment was organized at large and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on February 8, 1862, under the command of Colonel William A. Warner.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment served unattached, Army of the Ohio, to August 1862. Cruft's Brigade, Nelson's Division, Richmond, Kentucky, Army of Kentucky, to September 1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to October 1862. Unattached, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to December 1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, to February 1863. Crook's Brigade, Baird's Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863. 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIV Corps to June 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XIV Corps, to July 1865.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th Kentucky Infantry mustered out of service at Louisville, Kentucky, on July 18, 1865.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty guarding Covington & Lexington Railroad. Headquarters at Falmouth, Ky., until April 16, 1862, and at Lexington, Ky., until August 20, 1862. Affairs in Owen County June 20 and 23. Operations in Kentucky against Morgan July 4–28. Action at Cynthiana July 17. Paris July 19. Mr. Sterling, Ky., July 29. Moved to Richmond, Ky., August 20. Battle of Richmond, Ky., August 30.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Regiment mostly captured; those not captured retreat to Louisville, Ky.; thence moved to Covington, Ky., September 28; thence to Paris, Ky., and duty there until December 5. Moved to Lexington, Ky., December 5; thence to Louisville, Ky., January 27, 1863, and to Nashville, Tenn., February 2. Moved to Carthage and duty there until June 2, Moved to Murfreesboro, Tenn., June 2–7. Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Hoover's Gap June 24–26. Occupation of Tullahoma July 1. Occupation of middle Tennessee until August 16. Passage of Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga Campaign August 16-September 22.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Catlett's Gap, Pigeon Mountain, September 15–18. Battle of Chickamauga September 19–21. Rossville Gap September 21, Siege of Chattanooga, September 22-November 23. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Brown's Ferry October 27, Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23–24. Missionary Ridge November 25. Duty at Chattanooga until January 1864. Regiment veteranized January 5, and veterans on leave until March. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., March 12; thence march to Ringgold, Ga., March 22-May 7. Atlanta Campaign May to September. Assigned May 10 to post duty at Ringgold, Ga. Relieved September 25 and moved to Atlanta, Ga.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Operations against Hood in northern Georgia and northern Alabama October 3–26. March to the sea November 10. Siege of Savannah December 10–21. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April 1865. Fayetteville, N.C., March 11. Battle of Bentonville, N.C., March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Non -veterans mustered out April 4, 1865. Advance on Raleigh, N.C., April 10–14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 30. Grand Review of the Armies May 24. Moved to Louisville, Ky., June.


18th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 243 men during service; 5 officers and 85 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 152 enlisted men died of disease.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry
The 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry was a regular cavalry regiment in the British Indian Army. Following the independence of India, the regiment was allotted to the Indian Army and redesignated as the 18th Cavalry.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Formation
Tracing its origins from 1842, the regiment was formed in 1921 by the amalgamation of the 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry and the 7th Hariana Lancers. These two regiments too had undergone many changes –


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Formation
The composition of the regiment at the time of amalgamation was Kaimkhanis, Rajputana Rajputs and Jats. The present class composition is of Jats from Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan; Rajputs from Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and Hindustani Mussalmans from all over India, but mainly from Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations during the British Raj, Second World War
In December 1940, during the Second World War, the regiment was mechanized. It formed part of the 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, which was initially part of the 1st Indian Armoured Division.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations during the British Raj, Second World War
The brigade was detached from the division, and dispatched to Egypt along with its units including the 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry. The regiment then served in the Western Desert campaign. The regiment, and the brigade, were attached to a number of different formations that included the 2nd Armoured Division, the 7th Armoured Division, and the 9th Australian Division who they were with during the Siege of Tobruk. The regiment also supplied men for the Indian Long Range Squadron. The brigade was later overrun by the Italians during the Battle of Gazala, and took some days to reform. After the brigade reformed, the regiment was equipped as follows: Cavalry Carrier - 2 x Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 x AT Squadron.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations during the British Raj, Second World War
On 30 June, the brigade was ordered to hand over 50 per cent of its vehicles to the Eighth Army, and was dispersed and the regiment was allotted to the defence of the Nile Delta and guard duties. In August, the brigade reformed and was allocated the regiment. It travelled overland to Sahneh, in Persia via Baghdad, and was placed under the command of the 31st Indian Armoured Division (formally the 1st Indian Armoured Division). In late November it then moved to Shaibah, 7 miles (11 km) from Basra.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations during the British Raj, Second World War
From here the regiment returned to India in January 1943, and the brigade was reconstituted as the 43rd Indian Infantry Brigade (Lorried) at Shaibah at the end of January 1943. In the middle of the year, it moved to Rawalpindi and commenced conversion to a light cruiser regiment. By the end of the year, the regiment successfully converted into a light cruiser tank regiment. The regiment was split up after that, serving in different parts of India when the Japanese surrender came in August 1945.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations during the British Raj, Second World War
18th King Edward's Own Cavalry won the following gallantry awards during the Second World War -


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations in independent India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the regiment fought a series of isolated armour battles as part of the 1st Armoured Division in the approaches to Sialkot. They left behind 29 destroyed enemy tanks and Naib Risaldar Mohd. Ayub Khan was awarded the Vir Chakra. 7 were mentioned in despatches.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations in independent India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the regiment saw action in the Fazilka sector. Naib Risaldar Noor Mohammed Khan was awarded the Vir Charkra.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Operations in independent India, Other operations
The regiment has participated in Operation Vijay, Operation Parakram and undertaken counter insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir, where it was awarded the GOC-in-C (Northern Command) Unit Citation.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Battle honours
Awarded in 1926 for services of predecessor regimentsSomme 1916, Morval, Cambrai 1917, France and Flanders 1914–18, Megiddo, Sharon, Damascus, Palestine 1918, Shaiba, Kut-al-Amara 1915, Ctesiphon, Tigris 1916, Mesopotamia 1915–16


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Battle honours
El Mechili, Defence of Tobruk, The Kennels, North Africa 1940–43


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, President’s Standards
The President of India, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy presented a guidon to the regiment at Amritsar on 26 March 1980. The Regiment was presented the ‘President’s Standards’ at Amritsar in 7 March 2016 by General Dalbir Singh, Chief of the Army Staff, on behalf of the President of India, Mr Pranab Mukherjee.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Equipment
The regiment shed its horses and was converted to a motorised cavalry regiment equipped with anti-tank guns in 1940. This gave way to tanks in 1943 with the introduction of the Stuart tanks. They were succeeded by the Sherman tanks in 1946, the  T-54s in 1966 and finally the T-72s in 1983.


18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, Regimental Insiginia
The Regimental insignia consists of crossed lances with pennons. Each of the pennons have scrolls with the words सत्यमेव (Satyameva) and जयते (Jayate). Satyameva Jayate translates to ‘Truth alone triumphs’. Th crossed lances are overlaid with the numeral "18" mounted by the Ashoka Lion Capital and a scroll at the base with the words ‘Cavalry’. The motto of the regiment is साहस और सम्मान (Saahas Aur Samman), which translates to ‘Courage and honour’.


18th Kolkata International Film Festival
The 18th Annual Kolkata Film Festival was held 10 to 17 November 2012. The Kolkata Film Festival (KFF) is an annual film festival held in Kolkata, India. Founded in 1995, it is the second oldest international film festival in India. The festival is organized by the West Bengal Film Centre under the West Bengal Government. Actors and filmmakers including Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Mithun Chakraborty, Dev Adhikari, Katrina Kaif, Anushka Sharma, Chief Minister Smt. and Mamata Banerjee inaugurated the festival at Netaji Indoor Stadium on 10 November 2012.


18th Lambda Literary Awards
The 18th Lambda Literary Awards were held in 2006, to honor works of LGBT literature published in 2005.


18th Landwehr Division (German Empire)
The 18th Landwehr Division (18. Landwehr-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I.


18th Light Horse Regiment
The 18th Light Horse Regiment (Adelaide Lancers) was a Citizens Military Force unit of the Australian Light Horse, formed during the post-World War I reorganisation of the Australian Army. The regiment traces its origins back to the militia cavalry regiments raised in the colony of South Australia, such as the Adelaide Cavalry Squadron, the Adelaide Mounted Rifles and the South Australian Mounted Rifles. This is a different unit to the pre-World War I, 18th Australian Light Horse (Western Australian Mounted Infantry).


18th Light Horse Regiment, History, Formation
The 18th Light Horse Regiment was formed on 31 March 1921, drawing upon elements of the existing Light Horse regiments in South Australia for personnel. It was headquartered at Unley, in Adelaide. The initial role of the 18th was as divisional cavalry for the 2nd Cavalry Division, although it routinely trained with the South Australian-based 6th Cavalry Brigade, which included the 3rd Light Horse, 9th Light Horse, 23rd Light Horse and supporting units.


18th Light Horse Regiment, History, Interwar period
During the 1920s the Australian Light Horse converted from their pre-war mounted rifles role to that of cavalry modelled along British Army lines. However, by the end of the 1920s the stringent financial situation across the Army, and the suspension of the compulsory training scheme,  led to the amalgamation of a number of light horse units. This led to the linking of the 18th with the 23rd Light Horse Regiment to form the 18th/23rd Light Horse Regiment in 1929. The 23rd Light Horse was not maintained during the period in which they were linked with the new unit remaining in the former 18th Light Horse locations.


18th Light Horse Regiment, History, Interwar period
In October 1936, the units were unlinked and the 18th was raised as the 18th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment (Adelaide Lancers). Around this time, the regiment was awarded four battle honours for the service of predecessor units that had fought during World War I. As a machine gun regiment they provided fire support to the 2nd Cavalry Division, based in Victoria and South Australia. They were equipped with Vickers Medium Machine Guns which were transported via civilian trucks which were hired from members of the unit given the very limited motorisation which the Army had undergone by this time. By 1938, the 18th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment was part of the 6th Cavalry Brigade along with the 3rd and 9th/23rd Light Horse Regiments.


18th Light Horse Regiment, History, World War II
In the late 1930s, the regiment came under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Blackburn, VC. As the prospect of war loomed again in 1939, the unit prepared for service overseas. However, when the Second World War broke out and this did not eventuate, Blackburn and many of the officers and men of the unit joined the 2nd Australian Imperial Force's 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion, which fought in Syria and later formed part of the ill-fated Black Force in Java. The unit was converted to the 18th Motor Regiment in March 1942. However, this proved to be a short-lived step as on 8 May 1942 the unit was ordered to convert to an armoured regiment and was renamed the 12th Armoured Regiment. At this time the unit was transferred to the Australian Armoured Corps.


18th Light Horse Regiment, History, Perpetuation
Following the Second World War, the South Australian light horse units were perpetuated through the 3rd/9th South Australian Mounted Rifles, which was raised as part of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps.


18th Logistics Battalion (Belgium)
The 18th Logistics Battalion (Dutch: 18 Bataljon Logistiek) is a logistics battalion in the Land Component of the Belgian Armed Forces.


18th Luftwaffe Field Division
The 18th Luftwaffe Field Division (German: 18. Luftwaffen-Feld-Division) was an infantry division of the Luftwaffe branch of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht during the Second World War. It was set up on 1 December 1942 from surplus Luftwaffe personnel and was deployed in France from February 1943 to September 1943. On September 20, 1943, the division was transferred to the army and renamed Field Division 18 (L).


18th Lumières Awards
The 18th Lumières Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 18 January 2013, at the Théâtre de la Gaîté in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Victoria Abril. Amour won three awards including Best Film.


18th Lumières Awards, Winners and nominees
Julia Faure, Judith Chemla & India Hair — Camille Rewinds


18th Lumières Awards, Winners and nominees
Antoine Heberlé — Inheritance & A Few Hours of Spring


18th Lux Style Awards
The 18th Lux Style Awards presented by Lux to honor the best in fashion, music, films and Pakistani television of 2018, took place on 7 July 2019 at Expo Center, Karachi, Sindh.


18th Lux Style Awards, Film
Nominees for 18th Lux Style Awards were announced on 4 March 2019.


18th MMC – Razgrad
The 18th Multi-member Constituency – Razgrad is a constituency whose borders are the same as Razgrad Province in Bulgaria.


18th MMC – Razgrad, Background
In the 2009 Bulgarian parliamentary election the 18th Multi-member Constituency – Razgrad elected 5 members to the Bulgarian National Assembly: 4 of which were by proportionality vote and 1 was by first-past-the-post voting.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division
The 18th Machine Gun Artillery Division is a division of the Russian Ground Forces.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, First formation
It was first formed as the 184th Red Banner Rifle Division (Russian: 184-я Краснознамëнная стрелковая дивизия, abbreviated: 184-я сд) which was a Soviet Red Army division during World War II (1920s till 1940 – 2nd Division of Lithuania). It was with 29th Rifle Corps of 11th Army on June 22, 1941, as part of the Baltic Military District. Most of the soldiers rebelled and joined the cause of the Lithuanian Activist Front. Some of its remnants went to make up the Second Formation of the 16th Rifle Division.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Second formation
Its Second Formation was activated in October 1941, a redesignation of the 4th NKVD Rifle Division, which had been active in the Crimea since September 1941. The Division fought as part of the 62nd Army during the Battle of Stalingrad under Colonel Koida from July 17 to September 15, 1942.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Second formation
Among the most notable division members was Roza Shanina. On July 12, 1944, the division occupied Trakai jointly with the 45th Rifle Corps. During the East Prussian Offensive, the division hoisted the flag of the Soviet Union on the Soviet state border. It was then transferred to the Far East and fought as part of 45th Rifle Corps, 5th Army, during the invasion of Manchuria.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Second formation
During the war the division was part of the 2nd Guards Corps (39th Army), 3rd Tank Army, 5th Army, 62nd Army. It disbanded in 1945-46.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Second formation
Some 12 men of the 184th Division were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, among them Vasily Zaitsev.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Second formation
109th Fortified Region had been serving in the Far East. Circa 1946 it became the 18th Machine Gun Artillery Brigade.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Second formation
On June 8, 1946, on the basis of the 184th Rifle Division and the 18th Machine Gun Artillery Brigade, the 18th Machine-Gun Artillery Division was created in Primorski Krai, comprising the:


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Third formation
The division was reformed in mid-May 1978 in Knyaze-Volkonskoye, Khabarovsk Krai, without inheriting the lineage of the previous formation. It was transferred to the Kuril Islands during the summer of 1978.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Third formation, Defence of the Kuril Islands
The main responsibility for the defence of the Kuril Islands falls to the 18th Machine Gun Artillery Division of the Eastern Military District. The headquarters of the Division are located in Goryachiye Klyuchi on the Iturup Island. It also has garrisons on Kunashir Island and Shikotan Island. The 18th Artillery Division was previously the only division-strength military formation remaining in the Armed Forces of Russia, along with the 201st Military Base in Tajikistan. The division's aging infrastructure is in need of overhaul. There are also Border Guard Service troops stationed on the islands.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Third formation, Defence of the Kuril Islands
According to RIA Novosti military analyst Ilya Kramnik, the 18th Artillery Division is unlikely to be able to defend the Islands by itself from an attack. In case of attack by Japan, the Russian forces on the Kuril Islands are expected to hold out for only one to four days unless they receive support.


18th Machine Gun Artillery Division, Third formation, Defence of the Kuril Islands
Russia is planning to start construction of two new military posts in 2013. By late 2011 the islands airfields were being refurbished. Also in 2011, it was reported that the K-300P Bastion-P system was being deployed in the islands. The division became part of the 68th Army Corps in 2014.


18th Manitoba Legislature
The members of the 18th Manitoba Legislature were elected in the Manitoba general election held in June 1927. The legislature sat from December 1, 1927, to May 7, 1932.


18th Manitoba Legislature
The Progressive Party of Manitoba led by John Bracken formed the government.


18th Manitoba Legislature
Fawcett Taylor of the Conservatives was Leader of the Opposition.


18th Manitoba Legislature
The Minimum Wage Act, which previously only applied to female workers, was amended to include male workers under the age of 18. The minimum wage was $0.25 per hour.


18th Manitoba Legislature
Theodore Arthur Burrows was Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba until January 18, 1929, when James Duncan McGregor became lieutenant governor.


18th Manitoba Legislature, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1927:


18th Marine Regiment (United States)
The 18th Marine Regiment was a composite engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 2nd Marine Division. It was disbanded during the war, with the 1st and 2nd battalions remaining in the Division.


18th Marine Regiment (United States), Subordinate units
The regiment was a composite of three different types of battalions and a headquarters and service company:


18th Marine Regiment (United States), History, World War II
18th Marines was activated on 8 September 1942 and participated in actions at Tarawa, Saipan and Tinian. It was inactivated on 16 August 1944.


18th Marine Regiment (United States), History, World War II
On Tinian there were two small beaches on the North end where an assault landing could be made with low coral ledges. The rest of the island had coral cliffs up to 15 feet in height at the waters edge negating any assault plans. However, the Marine Corps asked the Seabees if they could come up with an idea to get over the coral. Commodore Paul J. Halloran (CEC) CB theater commander provided drawings of a conceptual landing ramp for the 18th and  121st CBs to fabricate.


18th Marine Regiment (United States), History, World War II
They mounted steel beams salvaged from Saipan's abandoned sugar mill on LVT-2s to create a portable assault ramps. If they worked they would allow the Marines to outflank Tinian's prepared defenses. The Marine Generals was skeptical and ordered that the ramps be put through a 100 vehicle use tests. The Seabee creation was named a Doodlebug. It worked exactly as the Marines had hoped.


18th Marine Regiment (United States), Unit awards
Presidential Unit Citation with blue enamel star : – Tarawa


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was a Union regiment that fought in the American Civil War. It was formed, primarily, with men of the Bristol, Norfolk and Plymouth counties of Massachusetts with a 3-year enlistment period. The regiment originally consisted of 10 companies, band and regimental staff.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The regiment was established in August 1861 and fought as part of the Army of the Potomac, taking part in most of the major battles of the Peninsula -   until it disbanded in September 1864. Men, who reenlisted or still had time left on their enlistment, were transferred to the 32nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1861
The 18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was mustered into active service on 24 August 1861. Two days later, under instruction from then Governor John A. Andrew, the Regiment was ordered to the Seat of War at Washington.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1861
Going by way of New York, Harrisburg, and Baltimore, the Eighteenth reached Washington 30 August, and next day reported to Colonel E.D. Baker, going into camp about a mile to the west of the Capitol, the location being called Camp Massachusetts. The regiment was ordered on the 3d of September to cross the river and report to General Fitz John Porter, commanding a division, by whom it was assigned to General Martindale's Brigade, its fellow regiments being the Second Maine, Thirteenth and Forty-first New York.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1861
The regimental camp was located near Fort Corcoran, on ground recently occupied by the Sixty-ninth New York, and the Eighteenth began to see actual service in fatigue duty and on picket. The division was moved to the front on the 26th and went into camp near Hall's Hill, then the outpost of the Union army.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1861
This position was occupied during the winter, the regiment giving much attention to drill and discipline, so that at a review held at Bailey's Cross Roads it was especially complimented for excellence by the commander in chief, and as a mark of appreciation received new uniform and camp equipage imported from France and modeled on that of the French chasseurs a pied.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1861
Before the opening of the spring campaign some changes were made in Martindale's Brigade, the Forty-first New York giving place to the Twenty-second Massachusetts and Twenty-fifth New York Regiments, while the Second Company of Massachusetts Sharpshooters was attached to the brigade, which was known as the First Brigade, Porter's Division, Third (Heintelman's) Corps.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
The winter camp was vacated 10 March 1862, and the regiment marched to Fairfax, stopping there till the 16th, when it was ordered to Alexandria to embark for the Peninsula. Transports were taken on the 21st, and two days later the command debarked at Old Point Comfort, encamping at Hampton for two days and then at Newmarket Bridge, where it remained till the Federal army was ready for the forward movement.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
This began on 4 April, and early on the afternoon of the following day the defenses of Yorktown were reached, before which the Army of the Potomac came to a halt and remained for a month. The Eighteenth took active part in the earlier operations by which the enemy's line was located, and three of its companies were at once placed on the skirmish line, while the remainder of the regiment formed a portion of the main line of battle, but no casualties were suffered.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Later the command went into camp near by and daily furnished heavy details for outpost and fatigue duty till the evacuation of Yorktown. Immediately on that event Porter's Division took transports and landed on 8 May at West Point, near the junction of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey rivers. Up the south side of the latter the division marched, setting out on the 13th, going first to Cumberland, thence to White House, moving on the 19th toward Richmond as far as Tunstall's Station, and on the 26th to Gaines Mills.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
During this time the Fifth (Provisional) Army Corps had been formed, of which General Porter was given command. It was composed of his own division, the command of which was taken by General Morrell, and another under General Sykes. The brigade to which the Eighteenth belonged was strengthened by the addition of the First Michigan Regiment, and was known as the First Brigade, First Division. About the same time the regiment exchanged the smooth-bore muskets with which it had thus far been armed for the Springfield rifled pattern.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Early in the morning of the 27th the division set out for Hanover Court House, but as the Eighteenth had been on picket during a heavy storm it was not in condition to march at once; and though it followed a few hours later it was not in time to take part in the brilliant action by which General Porter defeated the Confederate force under General Branch. It assisted in burying the dead left upon the field by the enemy and on the 29th returned to its camp at Gaines Mills.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
There it remained till 26 June, when with the Seventeenth New York of Butterfield's Brigade it was detached from the division to accompany a force of cavalry and artillery under General Stoneman for the protection of the army supplies at White House. The operations which followed were arduous, and demanded many of the best qualities of soldiership, but all were performed in a manner to win praise.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
The stores there having been destroyed in conformity with McClellan's purpose to change base to the James river, the regiment embarked on transports, dropped down the river and finally by way of Fortress Monroe arrived at Harrison's Landing, where it debarked for one day before the arrival of the rest of the brigade, which meantime had been fighting its way across the Peninsula.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
With the rest of the army, the Eighteenth encamped at Harrison's Landing till 15 August, the only movement of note during that time so far as they were concerned being a reconnaissance to the Chickahominy the last of July, returning to camp the same day. Before the transfer to the vicinity of Washington, however, various changes occurred among the officers.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Colonel Barnes took command of the brigade, succeeding General Martindale, who was made military governor of Washington; Lieutenant Colonel Ingraham had been made colonel of a new Massachusetts regiment, then being recruited; Major Hayes having been prostrated by sickness was necessarily away from the regiment, and the command devolved upon Captain Thomas, under whom the march was made on the 15th to the Chickahominy, thence by way of Williamsburg, Yorktown, and Hampton to Newport News, where on the 20th transports were taken for Acquia Creek.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Going from there by rail to Falmouth, the regiment marched to Rappahannock Station, where it arrived on the 23d. The next few days were devoted to maneuvering and marchings to and fro, falling back on the 27th to Warrenton, next day to Catlett's, and on the 29th to Manassas Gap. From this point it marched to the battle of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run, in which it was destined to take an important part.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
As the brigade, temporarily under the command of Colonel Charles W. Roberts of the Second Maine, came upon the field during the forenoon of the 30th it was formed in double line of battle with supports in echelon, the Eighteenth forming the first line in rear of the skirmishers, two of its companies being deployed to extend the skirmish line so as to form connection on the right.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
An attempt was then made to advance across a field and through a piece of woods, by which it was hoped to flank a Confederate battery; but the failure of troops to the right and left to advance rendered the attempt futile; the brigade was soon obliged to half and answer the fire which was poured in from front and both flanks, and after half an hour of this unequal contest the decimated regiments fell back to a less exposed position, Syke's Division (Second) of the same corps covering their withdrawal.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
That night the regiment, which had won high praise for its gallantry during the day, retired with its corps to Centerville. It had lost in the engagement 40 killed, 101 wounded and 28 missing [1], - more than half the number taken into action. Of the dead were Captain Charles W. Carroll, First Lieutenant Warren D. Russell and Second Lieutenant Pardon Almy Jr. Previous to this two officers of the regiment had died from disease – First Lieutenant George F. Hodges on 31 January and Second Lieutenant John D. Isbell on 16 July.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Major Hayes returned to the command of the Eighteenth on 1 September. He was soon promoted to the vacant lieutenant colonelcy, Captain Thomas being made major; the commissions dated from 25 August, but it was some time later that the recipients were mustered to the new rank. During the night of the 1st and the following day the regiment marched to Chain Bridge, going on the 3d to Hall's Hill, where it rested till evening of the 6th. It then moved by night to Alexandria and staid till the 9th, thence to Fort Corcoran, opposite Georgetown, making another three-day's halt.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Then began the march to the Antietam, where the Fifth Corps arrived on the 16th, but beyond supporting batteries on the east side of the creek the Eighteenth took no active part in the engagement. After the fighting was over the regiment was detailed for picket near the Burnside bridge, at the left, where it passed the 18th and the succeeding night, advancing the next day to the Potomac.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
It crossed that river on the 20th, leading its brigade, and opened the action of Shepherdstown, in which the two brigades commanded by Barnes and Sykes encountered four times their number of Confederates, and being unsupported were obliged to fall back. The Eighteenth retired in good order, having lost three killed, 11 wounded and one missing. Following this unsatisfactory experience, the regiment remained in camp near Sharpsburg for about six weeks.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
The movement southward began on 30 October, when the column marched toward Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac there the following day and advanced by easy stages to Warrenton, where it went into camp on the 9th. During this time the brigade, still commanded by Colonel Barnes, had been enlarged by the addition of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania Regiment; the division was at that time under General Charles Griffin and the corps was commanded by General Butterfield.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
Camp was broken on the 17th, the regiment moving by way of Elktown to Hartwood Church, encamping there from the 19th to the 23d and then advancing to a position on the railroad near the village of Falmouth. It remained there, with the exception of a reconnaissance back to Hartwood Church on 1 December, till the 11th of that month, when it took position further down the river, opposite Fredericksburg, and remained in waiting there till the afternoon of the 13th before it was called on to join in that battle.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
The call to action came at 1 o’clock, when the regiment led its division across the river, being the first of the Fifth Corps to cross. The brigade at once went to the front and relieved a brigade of the Ninth Corps which had suffered severely in an attempt to reach the enemy's line of works. A charge was made soon after by the Eighteenth, but it was not successful and cost the command heavily in killed and wounded.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
After falling back it was reformed and again took its place in the front of the Union line where it remained during the rest of the afternoon and in that vicinity till the evening of the next day, when it retired to the town and early the next morning as part of the rear guard covered the withdrawal of the troops from that side of the river.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, 1862
The loss of the regiment in this battle was 13 killed and 121 wounded [2]; among the former being Captain George C. Ruby and Second Lieutenant James B. Hancock of Cambridge, and of the nine officers wounded Captain Joseph W. Collingwood would die on the 24th. Every member of the color guard was wounded, so severe was the fire upon the colors; but it is worthy of note that not a member of the regiment was missing from his place save the killed and wounded when the ordeal was over.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, After the war
An association of the 18th Massachusetts Veterans was formed and met on an annual basis from 1866, with the last known reunion occurring at Hyde Park, MA in 1924. Through the efforts of Lieutenant Amasa Guild, the group was able to retrieve the State Colors in 1905 from the Museum of the Confederacy. The Colors had been lost in the Second Battle of Bull Run in 1862 and captured.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, After the war
The association attempted to put together an official history of the regiment but was never able to agree on it and abandoned the project.


18th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, History, Preserving History
A page devoted to preserving the history of the 18th Massachusetts Infantry is maintained on Facebook (). The page includes features such as “On This Day”, which provides an update on what the regiment was doing on a particular day 158 years earlier based on entries contained in diaries, letters, and newspapers, as well as biographies of men who served with the regiment. Another feature, titled “Descendant’s Corner,” is open to submissions from descendants of 18th Massachusetts veterans in which those descendants write about their ancestors.


18th Michigan Infantry Regiment
The 18th Michigan Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th Michigan Infantry was mustered into Federal service at Hillsdale, Michigan, on August 26, 1862.


18th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out of service on June 26, 1865.


18th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 18 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 293 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 311 fatalities.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States)
The 18th Military Police Brigade is a military police brigade of the United States Army based in Grafenwoehr, Germany, with subordinate battalions and companies stationed throughout Germany. It provides law enforcement and force protection duties to United States Army Europe.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States)
Activated during the Vietnam War, the Brigade oversaw all Military Police operations in the country for a large portion of the conflict, undertaking a wide variety of missions throughout the country and providing command and control for other military police groups in the region. After Vietnam, the Brigade deployed units to several other operations, namely Operation Desert Storm and Operation Provide Comfort. The brigade itself also deployed to Kosovo, supporting many of the units operating there attempting to settle unrest in the area due to the 1999 Bosnian War.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States)
The brigade has also seen multiple deployments in the Global War on Terrorism to the Iraq War. Its primary responsibilities have been to train and equip the national Iraqi Police forces.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), Organization
The 18th Military Police Brigade is a subordinate unit of the 21st Theater Sustainment Command and United States Army Europe. The brigade is headquartered in Vilseck, Germany. The brigade has these subordinate units:


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), Organization
The Brigade is modular in nature, allowing it to take on additional units when deployed. Normally the Brigade only deploys with its Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC); organic battalions and companies normally don't deploy with the HHC.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
Members of the Headquarters and Headquarters detachment deployed to Vũng Tàu, South Vietnam on 7 September 1966.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
On 26 September 1966, the Brigade assumed operational control over all non-divisional military police units in South Vietnam. The Brigade was composed of three major subordinate elements; the 16th Military Police Group at Nha Trang, and the 89th Military Police Group and 8th Military Police Group (Criminal Investigation) at Long Binh.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
The 16th and 89th Military Police Groups were composed of seven military police battalions, containing a mixture of military police and infantry companies. The units were stationed throughout every corps tactical zone, ranging from Da Nang in the north to Soc Trang in the south. The total strength of the Brigade numbered more than 5,000 personnel.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
Members of the Brigade performed a wide variety of missions including evacuation of prisoners of war, security of vessels and ports, convoy escort, security of vital installations and VIPs, maintenance of discipline, law and order and direct support to combat operations. During the Tet Offensive, the 716th Military Police Battalion fought off a resolute Viet Cong unit determined to take over the US Embassy, while other 18th Brigade units performed similar duties in the Mekong Delta, Bien Hoa and the Central Highlands. The Brigade completed its service in Vietnam and was deactivated on 20 March 1973 in Oakland, California.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Cold War era
The Brigade was redesignated on 16 August 1985 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 18th Military Police Brigade and activated in Frankfurt, West Germany. During 1990–1991, battalions from the Brigade deployed to support VII Corps in Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, and V Corps in Operation Provide Comfort. Elements of the Brigade have also deployed to support Operation Provide Promise and Operation Joint Endeavor in the former Yugoslavia.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Cold War era
Demonstrating its rapid deployability and ability to support V Corps and United States Army Europe contingency operations, every unit within the 18th Military Police Brigade deployed to the Balkans in 1999. The 92nd Military Police Company, followed by the 527th Military Police Company deployed to Sarajevo, Bosnia to provide security in support of SFOR. The 615th Military Police Company deployed to Albania in April in support of Task Force Hawk. The Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 793rd Military Police Battalion and 127th and 630th Military Police Companies deployed in July to Kosovo in support of Task Force Falcon.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, Cold War era
The Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 18th Military Police Brigade deployed in July to Sarajevo in support of Task Force Summit. The HHD, 709th Military Police Battalion and 92nd and 212th Military Police Company deployed in November to Kosovo in support of Task Force Falcon. While in Kosovo, the battalions were the first ever Military Police battalions to conduct joint peacekeeping operations in general support of Russian, Greek, Jordanian, and Polish maneuver battalions.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, War on Terrorism
In support of Operation Iraqi Freedom I, the 18th Military Police Brigade crossed into Iraq on 22 March 2003. During its year of deployment, the brigade established Prisoner of War holding areas for over 3,600 Iraqi prisoners and conducted main supply route patrolling over 2,500 kilometers in southern Iraq. The Brigade entered Baghdad in April 2003 and began establishing the new Iraqi Police Service and rebuilding Iraqi police stations.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, War on Terrorism
From the beginning of Operation Iraqi Freedom until February 2004 the Brigade provided command and control for seven Military Police battalions, one Mechanized Infantry battalion, 30 Military Police companies, and two Law and Order detachments. The Brigade's MPs conducted over 24,000 combat patrols, apprehended over 2,400 criminals, confiscated 7,500 illegal weapons, and trained over 10,000 Iraqi police officers. During their deployment, the Brigade recovered several precious artifacts, such as the Mask of Warka, which was recovered on 23 September 2003. The brigade returned to Sandhofen in 2004 only to return to Iraq in 2007.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, War on Terrorism
The 127th and 630th Military Police Companies began serving in Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom II in mid-2007. The 127th Company served in Iskandariyah, on patrol operations with local police. In November 2007 the Headquarters and Headquarters Company of the brigade and the 793rd Military Police Battalion deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom III. The brigade replaced the 89th Military Police Brigade which was assigned there previously. The transition ceremony for this command was held on 30 October as 100 soldiers from the brigade's headquarters took charge of the 89th's area of responsibility.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, War on Terrorism
They deployed to the Baghdad area, and took responsibility for the training of the Iraqi Police. The brigade is supporting Iraqi police logistics, personnel management, maintenance, budget, operations, training, leadership and judicial integration. Other training for Police units included proper search of vehicles, providing medical assistance to Iraqi civilians, as well as expanding the number of Iraqi police and improving their training overall. In theater, the brigade commanded over 5,000 soldiers.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, War on Terrorism
Units that the Brigade assumed control of included the 153rd Military Police Company of the Delaware Army National Guard and the 223rd Military Police Company of the Kentucky Army National Guard. The brigade worked with the 35th Engineer Brigade to finish construction on the Furat Training Facility, the primary training facility for thousands of Iraqi police. The project was completed in February 2008. In August 2008, the brigade began facilitating the transition for the 8th Military Police Brigade, which was set to replace the 18th MP Brigade when its 15-month tour of duty ended. The brigade cased its colors on 2 December 2008 and began redeploying back to its home bases. The 18th MP brigade trained 20,000 Iraqi police during its deployment, and lost 15 soldiers.


18th Military Police Brigade (United States), History, War on Terrorism
In addition to the brigade's support to the War on Terrorism, many soldiers of the brigade continually conduct law enforcement and force protection duties in communities located throughout the central region of Europe.


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment
The 18th Missouri Infantry Regiment was a Union Army unit organized during the American Civil War.


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment, History
Organized at Laclede, Missouri, July to November, 1861. Attached to:


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
In his report for 1863 the adjutant-general of Missouri says: "This regiment was formed in Aug., 1861, and has taken part in many of the most important engagements of the war in the West. The want of regimental reports prevents this office from giving that complete statement of its doings that is desired. It has lost largely in officers and men, especially at the Battle of Shiloh, but has been steadily recruited, and now has a good aggregate for a regiment that has been so depleted."


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
During the first two months of 1864 it was mounted and employed in scouting the country about Florence, Ala. It then joined the army of Gen. Sherman, where it was assigned to the 17th Corps, and began the advance upon Atlanta, taking part in the engagements at Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Kingston, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kennesaw Mountain, along the Chattahoochee River in front of Atlanta and at Jonesboro.


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
When Gen. Hood evacuated Atlanta and started north this regiment was one of those in pursuit, drove the rear-guard of the enemy through Snake Creek Gap and skirmished with him at various other points. It then rejoined the main body of the army and was in the famous March to the Sea, participating in all the engagements in which the 17th Corps was brought into action. In the early part of 1865 the regiment marched with Sherman across the Carolinas.


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
It was the 18th Mo. that forced the crossing of Whippy's Swamp and the Pedee River at Cheraw; was present at the Capture of Columbia and Fayetteville, N. C.; fought with its customary valor in the battle of Bentonville, N. C., and was present when Gen. Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Goldsboro. It then moved to Washington, D. C. where it took part in the Grand Review in May, after which it went by rail and river via Louisville, Ky., to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on July 18, 1865.


18th Missouri Infantry Regiment, Casualties
Regiment lost during service 6 Officers and 75 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 164 Enlisted men by disease. Total 245.


18th Moscow International Film Festival
The 18th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 1 to 12 July 1993. The Golden St. George was awarded to the French-Belarusian film Me Ivan, You Abraham directed by Yolande Zauberman.


18th Mounted Brigade
The 18th Mounted Brigade, previously known as the 2/1st Yorkshire Mounted Brigade, was a 2nd Line yeomanry brigade of the British Army during the First World War. In July 1916 it was converted to a cyclist formation as 11th Cyclist Brigade and in November 1916 was redesignated as 7th Cyclist Brigade. It was still in existence, in Ireland, at the end of the war.


18th Mounted Brigade, Mounted Brigade
In accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9) which brought the Territorial Force into being, the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside the country. However, on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, many members volunteered for Imperial Service. Therefore, TF units were split in August and September 1914 into 1st Line (liable for overseas service) and 2nd Line (home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas) units.


18th Mounted Brigade, Mounted Brigade
Later, a 3rd Line was formed to act as a reserve, providing trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line regiments. Similarly, by 1915 most 2nd Line yeomanry regiments were formed into 2nd Line mounted brigades with the same title and composition as the pre-war 1st Line formations. Two other 2nd Line brigades (2/1st Southern Mounted Brigade and 2/1st Western Mounted Brigade) without 1st Line antecedents were also formed.


18th Mounted Brigade, Mounted Brigade
2/1st Yorkshire Mounted Brigade was a mirror formation of the 1st Line Yorkshire Mounted Brigade. It was raised in Yorkshire and had under command the 2/1st Yorkshire Hussars, the 2/1st Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons, and the 2/1st East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry. By March 1916, the brigade was in the Beverley area. On 31 March 1916, the remaining Mounted Brigades were ordered to be numbered in a single sequence and the brigade became 18th Mounted Brigade, still in Yorkshire under Northern Command.


18th Mounted Brigade, Cyclist Brigade
In July 1916 there was a major reorganization of 2nd Line yeomanry units in the United Kingdom. All but 12 regiments were converted to cyclists and as a consequence the brigade was converted to 11th Cyclist Brigade. Further reorganization in October and November 1916 saw the brigade redesignated as 7th Cyclist Brigade in November, now in the Bridlington area. In March 1917, the Yorkshire Hussars moved to Driffield and the Yorkshire Dragoons to Barmston; in July, the Yorkshire Dragoons moved to Burton Agnes and were replaced at Barmston by the Yorkshire Hussars; both regiments returned to Bridlington in January 1918.


18th Mounted Brigade, Cyclist Brigade
About May 1918 the Brigade moved to Ireland. 2/1st Yorkshire Hussars was stationed at Fermoy, County Cork and Fethard, County Tipperary the 2/1st Yorkshire Dragoons at Fermoy, and the 2/1st East Riding at Bandon, County Cork and Fermoy. There were no further changes before the end of the war.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party began on November 8, 2012 at the Great Hall of the People. It was preceded by the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Due to term and age limits restrictions, seven of the nine members of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) retired during the Congress, including Hu Jintao, who was replaced by Xi Jinping as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. The Congress elected the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and saw the number of Politburo Standing Committee seats reduced from nine to seven. It was succeeded by the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The seven PSC members elected during the Congress were Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Zhang Dejiang, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan and Zhang Gaoli. Five of these were identified as associates or having benefited from the patronage of former Communist Party leader Jiang Zemin, who reportedly exerted considerable influence in shaping the composition of the new Standing Committee. Only Li Keqiang and Liu Yunshan are considered to be members of the tuanpai.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
Some 2,270 delegates selected from 40 constituencies attended the Congress. This represented an increase of 57 delegates and two constituencies from the 17th Congress. 31 of these constituencies represent China's province-level jurisdictions. Six other delegations represented Taiwan, the People's Liberation Army, Central Party organizations, Central Government Ministries and Commissions, State Owned Enterprises, and Central Banks and Financial Institutions. The remaining three delegations are the subject of conflicting accounts. Hong Kong and Macau may represent two delegations or one delegation or they may be treated as part of the Guangdong delegation.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
Other delegations that have been identified by various sources include the Peoples Armed Police, units involved in “social management”, the public service sector, workers in private enterprises, and workers in foreign and joint enterprises. No more than 68% of the delegates may hold leadership positions within the party. The remaining 32% will be "grassroots" party members who hold jobs outside of the party apparatus. The number of females increased from the previous congress.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
Each delegation will be selected (by the province level congresses) in an election in which there are at least 15% more candidates than there are delegates to be selected. The candidates in these elections are heavily vetted by multiple party organs. In addition to these 2,270 delegates, an uncertain number of additional delegates, primarily retired veteran Communist leaders, will be selected. At the 17th National Congress there were 57 such delegates.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Revisions to the Party Constitution
The Congress ratified changes to the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party. The Scientific Outlook on Development of the Hu Jintao era was listed next to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and Three Represents as a "guiding ideology" of the party, 'upgraded' from simply an ideology to merely "follow and implement" when it was initially written into the constitution in 2007. The Scientific Outlook on Development was said to be the "latest product Marxism being adopted in the Chinese context," and the result of the "collective wisdom of the party membership."


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Revisions to the Party Constitution
The affirmation of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics as a "system" (zhidu) was written into the party constitution for the first time. The "construction of ecological civilization" (shengtai wenming) as a major goal of the party was also written into the party constitution, an extension from the previous version of the constitution which included economic, political, cultural, and social realms; this ostensibly increased the attention the party intended to focus on the environment.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
It was widely speculated that Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang would succeed Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao as top Politburo Standing Committee members by November 2012, and take over the Presidency and Premiership in March 2013 at the National People's Congress. Since 2002, all Standing Committee members had retired if they were 68 or older at the time of a party congress. As a result of this largely unspoken convention,  it was expected that all other members of the outgoing standing committee would have to retire at the 18th Congress.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
About 70% of the members of the Central Military Commission and the executive committee of the State Council would also turn over in 2012; in addition, every member of the 17th Central Committee born before 1945 relinquished their Central Committee membership at the Congress. The Congress marked the most significant leadership transition in decades.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
Chinese politics prior to the 18th National Congress trended towards "collective leadership", where the paramount leader had to share power with his circle of senior leaders in the Politburo Standing Committee, particularly the Premier. Thus ultimately the paramount leader was not expected to have the same amount of power accorded to it during the era of Mao and Deng. The practice of governing through consensus within the Politburo Standing Committee became the norm following the 16th Party Congress in 2002.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
During that Congress, the size of the Standing Committee was increased from seven members to nine, with Luo Gan and Li Changchun being added to handle the law enforcement and propaganda portfolios, respectively. However, these two factors led to inefficiencies in the decision-making process. In order to improve the efficacy of the Standing Committee, the 18th Party Congress was expected to end in a return to a smaller, seven-member committee. The propaganda and public security portfolios were expected to be downgraded to the level of the Politburo.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
Apart from the largely pre-ordained selection of Xi and Li for its top two positions, intense speculation mounted over who else might join the standing committee. Two unexpected events upset the carefully balanced political equilibrium in the lead up to the Congress. The Wang Lijun incident in early 2012 no longer made former Chongqing party chief Bo Xilai a viable candidate for the PSC, and "Ferrari crash" of the son of Ling Jihua, a top aide of Hu Jintao, was said to have reduced Hu's bargaining power in the leadership selection process.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
Initial speculation placed Yu Zhengsheng, Zhang Dejiang, Li Yuanchao, Wang Qishan, and Wang Yang on the new standing committee. However, Li Yuanchao and Wang Yang, largely seen as belonging to the 'liberal' wing of the party, were ultimately not selected. Instead, Liu Yunshan and Zhang Gaoli joined the standing committee. Liu, a former propaganda department head, took over as both the head of the party's Central Secretariat and the top official in charge of propaganda, and was seen as the most strongly conservative member in the new PSC.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
Zhang, a bookish party bureaucrat known for presiding over economic growth in numerous regions, was ostensibly selected for his technocratic competence. Apart from Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang, all the other members of the new standing committee were born in the late 1940s and therefore would need to retire at the 19th Party Congress if the informally mandated retirement rules still holds in 2017. Li Yuanchao (born 1950) and Wang Yang (born 1955) ostensibly could still join the 19th standing committee at that time.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
The new standing committee was noted for the diverse regional experience of its members. Apart from Liu Yunshan, every member of the new PSC had some experience serving in provincial-level positions prior to ascending to the apex of political power; all of them at one point had been a provincial party chief. Xi served in Fujian, Zhejiang and Shanghai, Li Keqiang served in Henan and Liaoning, Zhang Dejiang served in Jilin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Chongqing, Yu Zhengsheng served in Hubei and Shanghai, Wang Qishan served in Guangdong, Hainan, and Beijing, and Zhang Gaoli served in Guangdong, Shandong and Tianjin.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo Standing Committee
The 18th Politburo Standing Committee was formed on 15 November 2012, the newly formed Politburo Standing Committee consisted of (in order ranking) Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, from the 17th Central Committee, in addition to newcomers:


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo
The 18th Politburo was also named at the Congress. Within the 17th Politburo, eleven members were born after 1945. Of these, seven were named to the Standing Committee (see above); and the remaining three, Liu Yandong, Li Yuanchao, and Wang Yang, retained their Politburo seats. Bo Xilai was suspended from the Politburo prior to the Congress. All 14 members of the 17th Politburo born prior to 1945 relinquished their Politburo membership due to having reached the mandatory retirement age of 68 at the time of the Congress. Conversely, this also meant that all members of the 17th Politburo born after 1945 (except Bo Xilai) maintained their Politburo membership.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo
Since the majority of members of the 17th Politburo retired at the Congress, some fifteen seats on the 18th Politburo were to be filled by newcomers.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo
Notable additions to the Politburo included Wang Huning, who became the first head of the party's Central Policy Research Office to hold a seat on the Politburo; Li Zhanshu, former Guizhou party chief who took over as head of the party's General Office; Meng Jianzhu, former Minister of Public Security who took on the portfolio of the Central Legal and Political Affairs Commission; and Hu Chunhua and Sun Zhengcai, two officials born after 1960 who took on major regional party leadership posts in Guangdong and Chongqing, respectively, following the Congress.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Politburo
By convention, the members are listed in stroke order of surnames.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Secretariat
The Secretariat, mainly overseeing party affairs and acting as the day-to-day executive arm of the Central Committee, was led by PSC member Liu Yunshan, who also held the post of President of the Central Party School. Liu Qibao, Zhao Leji, and Li Zhanshu earned seats on the Secretariat, as was anticipated for the heads of the Propaganda, Organization, and General Office. Zhao Hongzhu succeeded He Yong's place on the secretariat as the top-ranked Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.


18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, The Secretariat
Departing from the previous composition of the body, Du Qinglin, outgoing United Front Department chief, who held no other post at the time (he was later elected a ceremonial Vice-Chair of the CPPCC in March 2013), was elevated to the Secretariat. Similarly, Yang Jing, ethnic Mongol and former Chairman of Inner Mongolia, who would go on to be named Secretary-General of the State Council, 'broke convention' and earned a seat on the Secretariat, signalling that the top government organ, the State Council, will work in closer coordination with the Party.


18th National Congress of the Kuomintang
The 18th National Congress of the Kuomintang (Chinese: 中國國民黨第十八次全國代表大会) was the eighteenth national congress of the Kuomintang political party, held on 17 October 2009 at Xinzhuang Baseball Stadium, Taipei, Taiwan.


18th National Congress of the Kuomintang, History
The 18th congress was originally planned to be held earlier on 12 September 2013 but was postponed to address the relief efforts of Typhoon Morakot.


18th National Congress of the Kuomintang, Results
The 18th congress saw the inauguration of Ma Ying-jeou to become Chairman of the Kuomintang for the second time after winning the chairmanship election held on 29 July 2009, succeeding the incumbent KMT Chairman Wu Po-hsiung who was retiring. Former Chairman Wu and Lien Chan were appointed as Honorary Chairmen to assist Chairman Ma in Taiwan's external affairs and cross-strait relations, respectively. Chan Chun-po, the Secretary-General to the President was inaugurated as the Secretary-General of the Kuomintang.


18th National Congress of the Kuomintang, Reactions outside Taiwan
Mainland China - CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao sent a congratulatory message to Chairman Ma. In response, Ma also gave a warm reply.


18th National Film Awards
The 18th National Film Awards were held in Chennai, India in November 1971 by the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting for Indian films released in 1970. The awards were presented by then President of India, V. V. Giri.


18th National Film Awards, Juries
The award winners were chosen by four juries, one each for the Bombay, Calcutta and Madras regions and a central jury for all India. For the 18th National Film Awards the central jury was headed by Justice G. D. Khosla.


18th National Film Awards, Awards
The top national award in each category was the President's Gold Medal and, at the regional level, the President's Silver Medal.


18th National Film Awards, Awards, Feature films
The Kannada film Samskara won the President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film. Three award each went to the Hindi films, Dastak and Mera Naam Joker, and to the Bengali film Pratidwandi.


18th National Film Awards, Awards, Feature films, Regional Award
The awards were given to the best films made in the regional languages of India. For feature films in Assamese, English, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Oriya and Punjabi language, the resident's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film was not given. The producer and director of the film were awarded with ₹5,000 and a Silver medal, respectively.


18th National Geographic Bee
The 18th National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C. on May 24, 2006, sponsored by the National Geographic Society. The final competition was moderated by Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek. The winner was Bonny Jain of Moline, Illinois, who won a $25,000 college scholarship and lifetime membership in the National Geographic Society. The 2nd-place winner, Neeraj Sirdeshmukh of Nashua, New Hampshire, won a $15,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner, Yeshwanth Kandimalla of Marietta, Georgia, won a $10,000 scholarship.


18th National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 18th National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at Maple Leaf Gardens on October 10, 1964. The NHL All-Stars defeated the hometown Toronto Maple Leafs 3–2.


18th National Hockey League All-Star Game, All-Star uniforms
The unusual shoulder loops introduced to the All-Star jerseys in 1960 gave way to more traditional striping. The shoulder yoke featured a thin orange-black-orange stripe on the front and back, and the sleeves and waist featured a pair of orange-black-orange stripes. The ends of the sleeves and waistline were black. The orange tie-up collar from the previous set remained, and the two large orange stars outlined in black on the front of the jersey were matched with another pair of stars on the back. The player numbers on the front and back of the jersey were displayed in plain black block numbers. The jerseys would continue to be used through the 1970 game - the league would actually continue to reuse the actual game jerseys year after year until they needed to be replaced.


18th National Hockey League All-Star Game, The game
Both Johnny Bower of the Toronto Maple Leafs and the All-Stars' Glenn Hall of the Chicago Black Hawks were unbeatable through the first half of the game. However, in the second half, the All-Stars managed to put three pucks behind Terry Sawchuk while the Leafs could only score twice on Charlie Hodge of the Montreal Canadiens. Montreal's Jean Béliveau scored the go-ahead goal, on assists from Chicago's Bobby Hull and Gordie Howe of the Detroit Red Wings, late in the second period. Murray Oliver of the Boston Bruins and Jim Pappin of the Leafs traded goals in the third. Hodge became the first goaltender to be penalized in the eighteen-year history of the All-Star game when he was whistled down in the second period for holding the puck.


18th National Television Awards
The 18th National Television Awards was held at The O2 Arena on 23 January 2013. The event was presented by Dermot O'Leary; who himself was nominated for an award.


18th New Brunswick Legislature
The 18th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between June 24, 1857, and May 14, 1861.


18th New Brunswick Legislature
The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of New Brunswick John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton.


18th New Brunswick Legislature
James A. Harding was chosen as speaker for the house. In 1859, John M. Johnson was chosen as speaker after Harding resigned his seat.


18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment
The 18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th New Hampshire Infantry was organized in Concord, New Hampshire, under the command of Colonel Thomas Leonard Livermore. Six companies were recruited beginning July 19, 1864, and mustered in September 13, 1864. Four additional companies were recruited beginning December 21, 1864. Companies G, H, and I joined the regiment in February, March, and April 1865.


18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment, Service
Six companies were ordered to City Point, Virginia, September 1864 and attached to Benham's Engineer Brigade to December 1864. Clough's Provisional Brigade, Ferrero's Division, Defenses of Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, to March 1865. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac, to May 1865. Garrison duty at Washington, D.C., until July 1865.


18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment, Service
Duty in the fortifications at City Point, Virginia, until December 10, 1864. At front near Petersburg December 10-13. Reported to Gen. Ferrero, and duty in the defenses of Bermuda Hundred December 18-30. Duty at City Point until March 19, 1865. Reported to Gen. Parke, Commanding IX Corps, before Petersburg, March 19. Repulse of attack on Fort Stedman March 25. Duty at Fort Stedman until April 2. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Assault on and fall of Petersburg April 2. Occupation of Petersburg April 3. Moved to South Side Railroad and duty at Ford's Station until April 20. Moved to Washington, D.C., April 20-26. Camp at Alexandria and provost duty at Georgetown until July. Guard duty in Washington during trial of President Lincoln's assassins. Six original companies muster out June 10, 1865. Balance of Regiment muster out July 29, 1865.


18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment, Service
Company K served its entire term of service at Galloupe's Island in Boston Harbor and mustered out May 6, 1865. The six original companies of the 18th New Hampshire Infantry mustered out of service June 10, 1865. Other companies mustered out July 29, 1865.


18th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 41 men during service; 1 officer and 4 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 36 enlisted men died of disease.


18th New York Infantry Regiment
The 18th New York Infantry Regiment (a.k.a. "New York State Rifles") was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th New York Infantry was organized May 13, 1861 at Albany, New York and mustered in on May 17, 1861 for two years' service under the command of Colonel William A. Jackson.


18th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Davies' Brigade, Miles' Division, McDowell's Army of Northeast Virginia, June to August 1861. Franklin's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October 1861. Newton's Brigade, Franklin's Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps, Army of the Potomac, to May 1862. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, VI Corps, to May 1863.


18th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th New York Infantry mustered out of the service on May 28, 1863. Men who enlisted for three years' service were transferred to the 121st New York Volunteer Infantry on May 11, 1863.


18th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Washington, D.C., June 19. Reconnaissance on Fairfax Road, July 14, 1861. Advance on Manassas, Virginia, July 16–21. Fairfax Court House, July 17. First Battle of Bull Run, July 21. Duty in the defenses of Washington, D.C., until March 1862. Skirmish at Springfield Station, October 3, 1861. Advance on Manassas, Virginia, March 10–15, 1862. McDowell's advance on Fredericksburg, Virginia, April 4–12. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula, April 22. Siege of Yorktown, April 24 – May 4 (on transports). West Point, May 7–8. Seven Days Battles before Richmond, June 25 – July 1. Gaines's Mill, June 27.


18th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
White Oak Swamp and Glendale, June 30. Malvern Hill, July 1. At Harrison's Landing until August 16. Movement to Fort Monroe, then to Centreville, August 16–28. In works at Centreville, August 29–31. Cover Pope's retreat to Fairfax Court House, September 1. Maryland Campaign, September 6–22. Crampton's Pass, South Mountain, September 14. Battle of Antietam, September 16–17. Duty in Maryland until October 30. Movement to Falmouth, Virginia, October 30 – November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg, December 12–15. "Mud March", January 20–24, 1863. At Falmouth until April. Chancellorsville Campaign, April 27 – May 6. Operations at Franklin's Crossing, April 29 – May 2. Maryes Heights, Fredericksburg, May 3. Salem Heights, May 3–4. Banks' Ford, May 4. Regiment moved to New York May 16.


18th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 71 men during service; four officers and 34 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, one officer and 32 enlisted men died of disease.


18th New York State Legislature
The 18th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to April 9, 1795, during the eighteenth year of George Clinton's governorship, first in Poughkeepsie, then in New York City.


18th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, the State Senators were elected on general tickets in the senatorial districts, and were then divided into four classes. Six senators each drew lots for a term of 1, 2, 3 or 4 years and, beginning at the election in April 1778, every year six Senate seats came up for election to a four-year term. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole assembly being renewed annually.


18th New York State Legislature, Background
In March 1786, the Legislature enacted that future Legislatures meet on the first Tuesday of January of each year unless called earlier by the governor. No general meeting place was determined, leaving it to each Legislature to name the place where to reconvene, and if no place could be agreed upon, the Legislature should meet again where it adjourned.


18th New York State Legislature, Background
On February 7, 1791, the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate and Assembly districts, according to the figures of the 1790 United States Census.


18th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time the politicians were divided into two opposing political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.


18th New York State Legislature, Elections
The State election was held from April 29 to May 1, 1794. Senators Matthew Clarkson (Southern D.), John Williams (Eastern D.), John Frey and Stephen Van Rensselaer (both Western D.) were re-elected. Assemblymen Richard Hatfield (Southern D.) and John D. Coe (Middle D.) were also elected to the Senate.


18th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met first in Poughkeepsie on January 6; and adjourned on January 14, 1795. The Legislature met again at Federal Hall in New York City on January 20; and adjourned on April 9.


18th New York State Legislature, Sessions
William North was elected Speaker with 33 votes to 28 for James Watson, the Speaker of the previous Assembly, both were Federalists. The average vote for the members of the Council of Appointment was 36 to 29, showing a Federalist majority of 7.


18th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 27, the Legislature re-elected Federalist Rufus King to the U.S. Senate.


18th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


18th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Richard Hatfield and John D. Coe changed from the Assembly to the Senate.


18th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


18th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature. David Pye changed from the Senate to the Assembly.


18th New Zealand Parliament
The 18th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1911 general election in December of that year.


18th New Zealand Parliament, 1911 general election
The Second Ballot Act 1908 was used for the 1911 general election. The first ballot was held on Thursday, 7 December in the general electorates. The second ballots were held one week later on 14 December. The Second Ballot Act did not apply to the four Māori electorates and the election was held on Tuesday, 19 December. A total of 80 MPs were elected; 42 represented North Island electorates, 34 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates. 590,042 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 83.5%.


18th New Zealand Parliament, Sessions
The 18th Parliament sat for four sessions (there were two sessions in 1912), and was prorogued on 20 November 1914.


18th New Zealand Parliament, Ministries
The Liberal Government of New Zealand had taken office on 24 January 1891. Joseph Ward formed the Ward Ministry on 6 August 1906. The Ward Ministry remained in power until Ward's resignation as Prime Minister in March 1912. The Liberal Party remained in power only on the casting vote of the Speaker, Arthur Guinness, selected Thomas Mackenzie as Prime Minister and he formed the Mackenzie Ministry on 28 March 1912. In July 1912, Mackenzie lost a vote of no confidence, resigned as Prime Minister and handed over to William Massey of the Reform Party, bringing to an end the long reign of the Liberal Party. The Massey Ministry lasted for the remainder of the parliamentary term.


18th New Zealand Parliament, Initial composition of the 18th Parliament
The following are the results of the 1911 general election:


18th New Zealand Parliament, By-elections during 18th Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 18th Parliament.


18th Newtownabbey Old Boys F.C.
18th Newtownabbey Old Boys' Football Club is a Northern Irish, intermediate football club playing in Division 1C of the Northern Amateur Football League. The club is based in Newtownabbey. The club plays in the Irish Cup.


18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in North Carolina for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.


18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 18th Infantry Regiment, formerly the 8th Volunteers, was organized at Camp Wyatt, near Carolina Beach, North Carolina, in July, 1861. Its members were from Wilmington and the counties of Robeson, New Hanover, Bladen, Columbus, and Richmond. It moved to South Carolina, returned to North Carolina, then in the spring of 1862 proceeded to Virginia. The 18th served in General Branch's and Lane's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. After fighting at Hanover Court House, it participated in various conflicts of the army from the Seven Days' Battles to Cold Harbor.


18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment
It continued the fight in the trenches of  Petersburg south of the James River and ended the war at Appomattox. This unit was organized with 1,100 men, lost fifty-seven percent of the 396 engaged during the Seven Days' Battles, and reported 14 casualties at Cedar Mountain and 12 at Second Manassas. There were 13 killed and 77 wounded at Fredericksburg and 30 killed and 96 wounded at Chancellorsville. Of the 346 in action at Gettysburg, about twenty-five percent were disabled. It surrendered 11 officers and 73 men at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, including Major Thomas J. Wooten and captains Benjamin F. Rinaldi and John J. Poisson.


18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment
The field officers were Colonels John D. Barry, Robert H. Cowan, Thomas J. Purdie, and James D. Radcliffe; Lieutenant Colonels Forney George, John W. McGill, and Oliver P. Meares; and Majors George Tait and Thomas J. Wooten.


18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 18th North Carolina was also responsible for the accidental shooting of Stonewall Jackson during the battle of Chancellorsville. The next day, May 3rd, 1863, their battle flag would be captured. Just over a year later, on May 12, 1864, they lost another battle flag to Alexander H. Mitchell of the 105th Pennsylvania Infantry. Mitchell would later be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions.


18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment, Sources
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18th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly
The 18th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly in Canada was established by the results of the 2015 Northwest Territories general election on November 23, 2015. It is the 26th sitting of the Assembly in the territory's history. The territory has fixed election date legislation that ensures elections are held every four years on the first Monday in October.


18th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly, Executive Council of the Northwest Territories
The Executive Council has six Ministers and a Premier that were elected by the normal members of the Assembly.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery
18th Ohio Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Service
The 18th Ohio Battery was organized in Portsmouth, Ohio, and mustered in September 13, 1862, for a three-year enlistment under Captain Charles C. Aleshire.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Service
The battery was attached to 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to February 1863. 2nd Brigade, Baird's Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863. Artillery, 1st Division, Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. 1st Division, Artillery Reserve, Department of the Cumberland, to March 1864. 2nd Division, Artillery Reserve, Department of the Cumberland, to December 1864. Unassigned, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, to January 1865. Post of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Service
The 18th Ohio Battery mustered out of service on June 29, 1865.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Detailed service
Left Ohio for Covington, Ky., October 9, 1862. March to Lexington, Ky., October 23–29, 1862, and duty there until December 26. Moved to Louisville, Ky., December 26; then to Nashville, Tenn., arriving there February 7, 1863. Moved to Brentwood, Tenn., February 21. Expedition to Franklin and Spring Hill March 2–5. Action at Franklin March 4. Thompson's Station, Spring Hill, March 4–5. Duty at Franklin until June. Repulse of Van Dorn's attack on Franklin April 10. Moved to Triune June 2. Action at Triune June 11. Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Action at Fosterville, Guy's Gap and Shelbyville June 27.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Detailed service
Moved to Wartrace July 3, and duty there until August 12. Chickamauga Campaign August 16-September 22. Reconnaissance from Rossville September 17. Ringgold, Ga., September 17. Spring Creek September 18. Battle of Chickamauga September 19–20. Siege of Chattanooga September 24-November 23. Battles of Chattanooga November 23–25; Lookout Mountain November 23–24; Missionary Ridge November 25. Pursuit to Graysville November 26–28. Ordered to Nashville, Tenn., December 1, and garrison duty there until October 1864. March to Chattanooga October 6–21. Moved to Nashville November 27. Battles of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. Duty at Chattanooga, Tenn., until May 1, 1865, and at Resaca, Ga., until June 20.


18th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Casualties
The battery lost a total of 23 enlisted men during service; 2 killed and 22 died due to disease.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 18th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-months regiment
Companies A, C, and E enrolled at Ironton, Ohio, on April 22, 1861. Company B enrolled at Marietta, Ohio, on April 27, 1861. Company D enrolled at McArthur, Ohio, on April 18, 1861. Company F enrolled at Gallipolis, Ohio, on April 22, 1861. Company I enrolled at Jackson, Ohio, on April 24. And Company K enrolled at Beverly, Ohio, on April 23, 1861.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-months regiment
The 18th Ohio Infantry Regiment organized at Parkersburg, Virginia, and mustered in May 29, 1861, under Colonel Timothy Robbins Stanley in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers. Companies were sent to different points on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to guard the railroad and trains between Parkersburg and Clarksburg, West Virginia (then Virginia), until August.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-months regiment
The regiment mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, on August 28, 1861.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-years regiment
The 18th Ohio Infantry was reorganized in Athens, Ohio, August 16-September 28, 1861. The regiment moved to Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio, and mustered in for three years service on November 4, 1861, under the command of Colonel Timothy R. Stanley.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-years regiment
The regiment was attached to 8th Brigade, Army of the Ohio to December 1861. 8th Brigade, 3rd Division, Army of the Ohio, to July 1862. Unattached, Railroad Guard, Army of the Ohio, to September 1862. 29th Brigade, 8th Division, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Center, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps, to October 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIV Corps, to November 1863. Engineer Brigade, Department of the Cumberland, to November 1864.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-years regiment
The 18th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Augusta, Georgia, on October 22, 1865.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Louisville, Ky., November 6, thence to Elizabethtown, Ky., November 15. Duty at Elizabethtown and Bacon Creek, Ky., November 1861 to February 1862. Advance on Bowling Green, Ky., February 10–15, and on Nashville, Tenn., February 18–25. Occupation of Nashville, Tenn., February 25-March 18. Reconnaissance to Shelbyville, Tullahoma and McMinnville March 25–28. To Fayetteville April 7. Expedition to Huntsville, Ala., April 10–11. Capture of Huntsville April 11. Advance on and capture of Decatur April 11–14. Operations near Athens, Limestone Bridge, Mooresville and Elk River May 1–2. Near Pulaski and near Bridgeport May 1. Moved to Fayetteville May 31.


18th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Negley's Expedition to Chattanooga June 1–15. At Battle Creek until July 11. Guard duty along Tennessee & Alabama Railroad from Tullahoma to McMinnville until September. Short Mountain Road and McMinnville August 29 (Companies A and I). Retreat to Nashville, Tenn. Siege of Nashville September 12-November 7. Near Lavergne October 7. Duty at Nashville until December 26. Advance on Murfreesboro December 26–30. Battle of Stones River December 30–31, 1862 and January 1–3, 1863. Duty at Murfreesboro until June. Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Occupation of middle Tennessee until August 16.