1903 Clemson Tigers football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
The winning team was to be awarded the ball. Captain W. W. Suddarth of Cumberland wanted captain Hope Sadler of Clemson to get the ball, and Sadler insisted Suddarth should have it. Some ten minutes of bickering was resolved when the ball was given to patrolman Patrick J. Sweeney, for warning the media and fans to stay down in front and allow spectators to see the game. The school claims a share of the title; Heisman pushed for Cumberland to be named SIAA champions at year's end. It was Heisman's last game as Clemson head coach, who was hired at Georgia Tech.


1903 Clemson Tigers football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
The starting lineup was Sitton (left end), Cogburn (left tackle), Derrick (left guard), Garrison (center), Forsythe (right guard), McKeown (right tackle), Sadler (right end), Maxwell (quarterback), Wood (left halfback), Furtick (right halfback), Hanvey (fullback).


1903 Clemson Tigers football team, Postseason, Florida coaches
Marvin Bridges and Clemson players Jock Hanvey and Jack Forsythe all coached at Florida colleges the next season. Bridges coached at the University of Florida at Lake City, and Forsythe was the head coach of the Florida State College with Hanvey as his assistant. Forsythe went on in 1906 to be the first coach of the Florida Gators.


1903 Clemson Tigers football team, Personnel, Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Clemson's lineup during the 1903 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics the offense in a T formation


1903 Cleveland Naps season
The 1903 Cleveland Naps season was the third Major League Baseball season for the Cleveland American League team. After two seasons as the Bluebirds – unofficially known as the Blues in 1901 and the Bronchos (or Broncos) in 1902 – the team was renamed for the 1903 season in honor of star second baseman Nap Lajoie. The team finished third in the league with a record of 77–63, 15 games behind the Boston Americans.


1903 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Cleveland Naps season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Colgate football team
The 1903 Colgate football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Bob Hatch, the team compiled a 4–2–1 record. Carl Smith was the team captain. The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.


1903 College Football All-America Team
The 1903 College Football All-America team is composed of various organizations that chose College Football All-America Teams that season. The organizations and individuals that chose the teams included Collier's Weekly selected by Walter Camp, Caspar Whitney for Outing magazine, Charles Chadwick and Fielding H. Yost.


1903 College Football All-America Team
Of the 15 players who have been recognized by the NCAA as "consensus" All-Americans for the 1903 season, 12 played for teams in the Ivy League, and nine played for the "Big Four" teams of the era—Harvard, Princeton, Yale, and Penn. The only three consensus All-Americans from schools outside the Ivy League were tackle Fred Schacht of Minnesota, quarterback James Johnson of Carlisle, and halfback Willie Heston of Michigan.


1903 College Football All-America Team
Five players were selected as first-team All-Americans by at least four of the known selectors: guard John DeWitt of Princeton (5), center Henry Hooper of Dartmouth (5), end Charles D. Rafferty of Yale (5), halfback Willie Heston of Michigan (4), and tackle James Hogan of Yale (4). Hooper, who was a freshman in 1903, died three months after the football season ended, following an attack of appendicitis.


1903 College Football All-America Team
In 2008, Sports Illustrated sought to answer the question, "Who would have won the Heisman from 1900-1934?" Its selection for 1903 was Willie Heston of Michigan described as "the nation's finest back."


1903 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1903 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1903 College Football All-Southern Team
Both John Heisman and Reynolds Tichenor selected teams. Fuzzy Woodruff relates: "The first selections that had any pretense of being backed by a judicial consideration were made by W. Reynolds Tichenor, old-time Auburn quarterback, who had kept in intimate contact with football through being a sought-after official. The next selections were made by John W. Heisman, who was as good a judge of football men as the country ever produced."


1903 College Football All-Southern Team
So did Nash Buckingham, former captain of the Tennessee Volunteers football team.


1903 College Football All-Southern Team, Tichenor's eleven
Reynolds Tichenor's eleven as posted in Fuzzy Woodruff's A History of Southern Football includes:


1903 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
Bold = consensus choice by a majority of the selectors


1903 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
H = selected by John Heisman, coach at Clemson University.


1903 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
NB = selected by former Tennessee player Nash Buckingham in the Memphis Commercial Appeal. It had substitutes, denoted with a small S.


1903 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
NY = selected by a prominent New Yorker hired for the purpose.


1903 College Football All-Southern Team, Key
JLD = selected by John Longer Desaulles. It had a first and second team.


1903 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1903 Colorado Agricultural Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1903 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Matt Rothwell, the Aggies compiled a 5–1 record (3–1 against CFA opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 67 to 24.


1903 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1903 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1903 college football season. Dave Cropp replaced head coach Fred Folsom and led the team to a mark of 4–0 in the CFA and 8–2 overall.


1903 Columbia Blue and White football team
The 1903 Columbia Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its second season under head coach Bill Morley, the team compiled a 9–1 record, shut out its first seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 148 to 43.


1903 Columbia Blue and White football team
Fullback Richard Shore Smith was the team captain. Smith and tackle Tom Thorp received first-team honors on the 1903 All-America team. W. E. Metzenthin also starred in the backfield for Columbia. The team's sole loss was to the 1903 Yale team that featured seven first-team All-Americans, including Foster Rockwell and Tom Shevlin.


1903 Columbia Blue and White football team
Columbia's sports teams were commonly called the "Blue and White" in this era, but had no official nickname. The name "Lions" would not be adopted until 1910.


1903 Columbia Blue and White football team
The team played its home games at the Polo Grounds in Upper Manhattan.


1903 Columbian Orange and Blue football team
The 1903 Columbian Orange and Blue football team was an American football team that represented Columbian University (now known as George Washington University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their first season under head coach David Houston, the team compiled a 2–5 record.


1903 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
The Columbus mayoral election of 1903 was the 54th mayoral election in Columbus. It was held on Saturday, April 4, 1903. Democratic party incumbent mayor John N. Hinkle was defeated by Republican party nominee Robert H. Jeffrey.


1903 Connecticut Aggies football team
The 1903 Connecticut Aggies football team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1903 college football season. This was the eighth year that the school fielded a football team. The Aggies were led by second year head coach Edwin O. Smith, and completed the season with a record of 3–5.


1903 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey 1903 was the first official staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition. It followed the 1902 Copa de la Coronación, held to celebrate the coronation of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, which was won by Club Vizcaya de Bilbao (a temporary combination of Bilbao Football Club and Athletic Bilbao) and given to them permanently.


1903 Copa del Rey, Details
The competition was played on April 6, 7 and 8, 1903. Three teams took part: Athletic Bilbao, Espanyol of Barcelona and Madrid CF. It took the form of a round-robin, but the results of the first two games meant that the third game became the final. That match, held at the Hipódromo in Madrid, saw Athletic Bilbao take the trophy for the first time as a distinct club, beating Madrid 3‑2 after trailing 2‑0 at half time. As a result, the tally of Copa wins by Athletic Bilbao is disputed.


1903 Copa del Rey, Details
The 1902 cup, won by Club Vizcaya, is on display in the Athletic museum, and the club includes the victory in its honours list. However, neither the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP) nor the Real Federación Española de Fútbol (RFEF) official statistics include this as an Athletic win: they count the 1903 cup as its first.


1903 Copa del Rey Final
The 1903 Copa del Rey Final was the first final of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition. The match took place on 8 April 1903 at the Hipódromo, Madrid. The match was contested by Athletic Bilbao and Madrid CF.


1903 Copa del Rey Final
Athletic Bilbao lifted the trophy for the first time with a 3–2 victory over Madrid CF. Athletic Bilbao claims this trophy to be their second in a row, although the Royal Spanish Football Federation don't recognize the previous tournament as official.


1903 Copa del Rey Final
This match has been identified as a catalyst for the establishment a few weeks later of what would eventually become Club Atlético de Madrid, after some Madrid-based Basque students among the spectators were inspired by the comeback victory by Athletic Bilbao and decided to form a local branch of the club.


1903 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1903 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 17th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1903 Cork Senior Football Championship
Lees won the championship following a 1-07 to 0-02 defeat of Dohenys in the final at Cork Park. This was their fifth title overall and their second title in succession.


1903 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1903 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 17th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1903 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Blackrock won the championship following a 2-8 to 1-10 defeat of St. Finbarr’s in the final. This was their ninth championship title and their first title in five championship seasons.


1903 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1903 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1903 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Warner, the Big Red compiled a 6–3–1 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 120 to 103. While the team shut out 7 of 10 opponents, it gave up 44 and 42 points in losses to Princeton and Penn, respectively.


1903 County Championship
The 1903 County Championship was the fourteenth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 4 May to 3 September 1903. Middlesex won their first championship title, ending Yorkshire's run of three successive titles. Sussex finished in second place for the second successive season.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team
The 1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team represented Cumberland University in the 1903 college football season. The team was a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA), compiling a 6–1–1 record. The Bulldogs notably beat Vanderbilt and tied John Heisman's Clemson at year's end in a game billed as the "SIAA Championship Game." They also beat Alabama, LSU, and Tulane in five days. The school claims a share of the SIAA title. It has been called "the best football team in the history of Cumberland."


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Before the season
For the 1903 season, point values were different from those used in contemporary games. In 1903 a touchdown was worth five points, a field goal was worth five points and a conversion (PAT) was worth one point.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Schedule
Games with Kentucky State College and Kentucky University were canceled.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, at Vanderbilt
Cumberland upset the Vanderbilt Commodores 6–0. Four minutes after the game started, Waterhouse had the decisive touchdown. M. O. Bridges had his right collarbone broken.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, at Vanderbilt
The starting lineup was Waterhouse (left end), M. L. Bridges (left tackle), James (left guard), Smith (center), Cragwall (right guard), Suddarth (right tackle), Spencer (right end), Smiser (quarterback), Head (left halfback), Newton (right halfback), M. O. Bridges (fullback).


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Sewanee
Cumberland suffered the season's only loss to the Sewanee Tigers. Henry D. Phillips plowed through the line for the deciding score.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Sewanee
The starting lineup was Waterhouse (left end), M. L. Bridges (left tackle), James (left guard), Smith (center), Cragwall (right guard), Suddarth (right tackle), Spencer (right end), Smiser (quarterback), Head (left halfback), Anderson (right halfback), Minton (fullback).


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Tennessee Medical College
Cumberland defeated Tennessee Medical College 86–0. Spencer scored three touchdowns.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Alabama
To close the regular season, Cumberland beat Alabama, LSU, and Tulane all by shutout in five days. Red Smith and Head starred in the 44–0 defeat of Alabama. Cumberland outweighed Alabama by an average of nearly 30 pounds.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Alabama
The starting lineup was Waterhouse (left end), M. L. Bridges (left tackle), M. O. Bridges (left guard), Smith (center), Cragwall (right guard), Suddarth (right tackle), Spencer (right end), Smiser (quarterback), Head (left halfback), Anderson (right halfback), Minton (fullback).


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Season summary, LSU
Just two days later, Cumberland beat W. S. Borland's LSU Tigers 41–0. The starting lineup was Ashley (left end), M. O. Bridges (left tackle), Lieper (left guard), Smith (center), Cragwall (right guard), Suddarth (right tackle), Sanders (right end), Smiser (quarterback), Head (left halfback), Anderson (right halfback), Minton (fullback).


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
Cumberland tied John Heisman's Clemson Tigers in a game billed as the SIAA championship. Cumberland rushed out to an early 11 to 0 lead. Wiley Lee Umphlett in Creating the Big Game: John W. Heisman and the Invention of American Football writes, "During the first half, Clemson was never really in the game due mainly to formidable line play of the Bridges brothers–giants in their day at 6 feet 4 inches–and a big center named "Red" Smith, was all over the field backing up the Cumberland line on defense. Clemson had been outweighed before, but certainly not like this."


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
A contemporary account reads "The Clemson players seemed mere dwarfs as they lined up for the kickoff. To the crowd on the sidelines it didn't seem that Heisman's charges could possibly do more than give a gallant account of themselves in a losing battle." A touchdown was scored by fullback E. L. Minton (touchdowns were worth 5 points). Guard M. O. Bridges kicked the extra point. Halfback J. A. Head made another touchdown, but Bridges missed the try.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
After halftime, Clemson quarterback John Maxwell raced 100 yards for a touchdown. Clemson missed the try. Cumberland fumbled a punt and Clemson recovered. Cumberland expected a trick play when Fritz Furtick simply ran up the middle and scored. One account of the play reads "Heisman saw his chance to exploit a weakness in the Cumberland defense: run the ball where the ubiquitous Red Smith wasn't.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
So the next time Sitton started out on one of his slashing end runs, at the last second he tossed he ball back to the fullback who charges straight over center (where Smith would have been except that he was zeroing in on the elusive Sitton) and went all the way for he tying touchdown." Jock Hanvey kicked the extra point and the game ended in an 11–11 tie. The winning team was to be awarded the ball.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
Captain W. W. Suddarth of Cumberland wanted captain Hope Sadler of Clemson to get the ball, and Sadler insisted Suddarth should have it. Some ten minutes of bickering was resolved when the ball was given to patrolman Patrick J. Sweeney, for warning the media and fans to stay down in front and allow spectators to see the game. Heisman pushed for Cumberland to be named SIAA champions at year's end, and the school claims a share of the title. It was Heisman's last game as Clemson head coach.


1903 Cumberland Bulldogs football team, Postseason, "SIAA championship game"
The starting lineup was Waterhouse (left end), M. L. Bridges (left tackle), M. O. Bridges (left guard), Smith (center), Cragwall (right guard), Suddarth (right tackle), Spencer (right end), Smiser (quarterback), Head (left halfback), Anderson (right halfback), Minton (fullback).


1903 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 16 June 1903.


1903 Danish Folketing election, Campaign
Nine of the 114 seats were uncontested, of which seven were won by the Venstre Reform Party and two by the Social Democratic Party.


1903 Danish local elections
The Danish regional elections of 1903 were held in January 1903. 358 municipal council members were elected among the upper class. Furthermore, the middle class elected 3757 sogne (singular sogn) council members, and the upper classes elected 4832 sogne council members.


1903 Dartmouth football team
The 1903 Dartmouth football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its first season under head coach Fred Folsom, the team compiled a 9–1 record, shut out eight of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 242 to 23. Myron E. Witham was the team captain. The team played its home games at Alumni Oval in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1903 DePauw football team
The 1903 DePauw football team was an American football team that represented Lake Forest College in the 1903 college football season.


1903 Detroit College Tigers football team
The 1903 Detroit College Tigers football team  was an American football team that represented Detroit College (renamed the University of Detroit in 1911) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its first season under head coach W. Alfred Debo, the team compiled a 3–4 record and were outscored its opponents by a combined total of 71 to 23. The team lost to the Michigan freshman team by a 45–0 score.


1903 Detroit Tigers season
1903 was the third year for the Detroit Tigers in the still-new American League. The team finished in fifth place with a record or 65–71 (.478), 25 games behind the Boston Americans. The 1903 Tigers outscored their opponents 567 to 539. The team's attendance at Bennett Park was 224,523, sixth out of the eight teams in the AL.


1903 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Dickinson football team
The 1903 Dickinson football team was an American football team that represented Dickinson College as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 7–5 record and outscored opponents by a total of 156 to 78. Charles P. Hutchins was the head coach.


1903 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1903 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its first season under head coach W. J. Monilaw, the team compiled a 5–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 170 to 93.


1903 Dulwich by-election
The Dulwich by-election, 1903 was a by-election held on 15 December 1903 for the British House of Commons constituency of Dulwich in South London.


1903 Dulwich by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was triggered by the death of the serving Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), Sir John Blundell Maple.


1903 Dulwich by-election, Campaign
The main issue in the by-election, as with the Lewisham by-election held on the same day, was tariff reform. Harris was a supporter of Joseph Chamberlain's proposals for Imperial Preference and was supported by the Tariff Reform League. Masterman was a supporter of the Liberal party policy of Free trade. Harris's involvement in the Jameson Raid affair was raised by his opponents.


1903 East Florida Seminary football team
The 1903 East Florida Seminary football team represented the East Florida Seminary in the sport of American football during the 1903 college football season. This was not the modern Florida Gators of the University of Florida, which begins in 1906, but one of its four predecessor institutions. The team defeated Florida State College 16 to 0.


1903 East Paris train wreck
The East Paris train wreck was a head-on collision between two trains, which occurred on the Pere Marquette Railway on December 26, 1903. The crash was caused after a westbound stop signal was blown out by strong winds, causing the westbound train to fail to stop, and collide with an eastbound train.


1903 East Paris train wreck, The accident
At around 5:40 pm, westbound train No. 5 was travelling down a hill just outside East Paris, Michigan at around 60 miles per hour (97 km/h), and approached a signal. However, the signal had been extinguished by the heavy snow and winds. Meanwhile, a Detroit-bound train, train No. 6, was climbing the hill at about 40 miles per hour (64 km/h). Shortly after, the two trains collided into each other on a long, sweeping curve, causing them to overturn. The crash killed 19 people and injured around 40 more; Two more victims later died of their injuries. Immediately after the crash, local farmers who had witnessed the two engines approaching each other assisted in removing casualties from the wreck.


1903 East Paris train wreck, Investigation
Following the crash, the company investigated the events leading up to it. They found that staff at nearby McCords station had been aware there would be an accident 10 minutes in advance, after realising the signal was not showing up. However, despite alerting a local farmer, they were unable to prevent the crash.


1903 East Perthshire by-election
The East Perthshire by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Perthshire in the County of Perth on 26 February 1903.


1903 East Perthshire by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir John Kinloch.


1903 East Perthshire by-election, Candidates
The Liberals selected Thomas Buchanan, a barrister by profession and a former MP for three different Scottish constituencies.


1903 East Perthshire by-election, Candidates
A meeting of Conservatives and Liberal Unionists took place in Perth on 13 February 1903 to decide whether or not to contest the election. It was reported that the candidate they had invited to stand had declined to do so and in the end they could not find a candidate willing to fight this traditional Liberal seat, which had been held by the Liberal Party at every election since its creation in 1885.


1903 East Perthshire by-election, The result
There being no other candidates putting themselves forward therefore, Buchanan was returned unopposed. He told his supporters that they had 'gained one of the greatest Liberal victories in Scotland, as complete a victory as the largest majority could have given them at the poll'.


1903 East Sydney by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives electorate of East Sydney in New South Wales on 4 September 1903, a Friday. It was triggered by the resignation of George Reid on 18 August 1903. The writ for the by-election was issued on 20 August, nominations for candidates closed on 27 August.


1903 East Sydney by-election, Background
At the time of his resignation, Reid was the leader of the Free Trade Party and the first Australian Opposition Leader. He resigned in protest on the day that a bill was passed in the parliament regarding the allocation of electoral boundaries for the state of New South Wales.


1903 East Sydney by-election, Aftermath
Reid was returned as member for East Sydney with an increased majority. He was the first member of the House of Representatives to resign, and was the only person in federal parliamentary history to win back their own seat in a by-election after resigning until John Alexander did the same at the Bennelong by-election.


1903 Edmonton municipal election
The 1903 municipal election was held December 14, 1903 for the purpose of electing a mayor and three aldermen to sit on the Edmonton Town Council, as well as five public school trustees and five separate school trustees. There were six aldermanic positions on the council at the time, but three of them were already filled:  Arthur Cushing, Daniel Fraser, and James Ross had been elected for two-year terms in 1902, and were still in office.


1903 Edmonton municipal election
The 1903 election was the last to occur while Edmonton was still a town; the following year, it was incorporated as a city.


1903 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
Voter turnout figures for the 1903 municipal election are no longer available.


1903 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Public school trustees
Arthur Cushing, Robert Lee, Kenneth McLeod, Alex Taylor, and Hedley C. Taylor were elected. Detailed results are no longer available.


1903 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees
Nicolas Dubois Dominic Beck, H Morel, Joseph Henri Picard, J Pomerleau, and Antonio Prince were elected. Detailed results are no longer available.


1903 English cricket season
1903 was the 14th season of County Championship cricket in England. Middlesex won their first title, winning eight and losing one of their 18 games. Yorkshire, the defending champions, finished third after losing five games. Yorkshire was the only team to defeat Middlesex – at Headingley in August, Yorkshire bowled Middlesex out for 79 in the first innings, and recorded a 230-run win.


1903 English cricket season, County Championship, Final table
The final County Championship table is shown below. One point was awarded for a win, none for a draw, and minus one for a loss. Positions were decided on percentage of points over completed games.


1903 English cricket season, Philadelphians tour
Percy Clark and Bart King headed the wickets for the Philadelphians, who played 14 first-class matches in England, in addition to an abandoned fixture with Sussex. The American tourists won as many matches as they lost, with six of each, and drew two. Clark upstaged King, passing him on the wicket-taking tally with a pair of five wicket hauls in the final 110-run win over Surrey where King got six wickets. King averaged four runs less per wicket, however, and also contributed with 614 runs, the third-most in the team. In the batting, they were headed by captain John Lester, who made 786 runs in 13 matches.


1903 European Rowing Championships
The 1903 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held in Giudecca, an island in the Venetian Lagoon, on the Giudecca Canal on a day in the middle of August. The competition was for men only and they competed in five boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2+, M4+, M8+).


1903 FA Cup Final
The 1903 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bury and Derby County on Saturday, 18 April 1903 at the Crystal Palace stadium in south London. It was the final match of the 1902–03 FA Cup, the 32nd edition of the world's oldest football knockout competition, and England's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup.


1903 FA Cup Final
Bury were appearing in their second final and Derby County in their third – Bury won the cup in 1900 while Derby were runners-up in 1898 and 1899. As members of the Football League First Division, both teams were exempt from the competition's qualifying phase and, having entered in the first round proper, progressed through four rounds to the final.


1903 FA Cup Final
The final was watched by a crowd of 63,102 and Bury, leading 1–0 at half-time, won a one-sided match 6–0 with goals by Joe Leeming (2), George Ross, Charlie Sagar, Willie Wood and Jack Plant. Bury's six-goal victory remains the record winning margin in FA Cup finals, though it was equalled in the 2019 final when Manchester City defeated Watford by the same score. Bury were the second team to score six in a final, following Blackburn Rovers in the 1890 final; and also the second team to win the cup without conceding a goal in the entire competition, following Preston North End in the 1888–89 tournament.


1903 FA Cup Final, 1903 background
The FA Cup, known officially as The Football Association Challenge Cup, is an annual knockout association football competition in men's domestic English football. The competition was first proposed on 20 July 1871 by C. W. Alcock at a meeting of The Football Association committee. The tournament was first played in the 1871–72 season and is the world's oldest association football competition. The 1903 match between Bury and Derby County at Crystal Palace was the 32nd final and the third of the 20th century. Bury were appearing in the final for the second time, having defeated Southampton 4–0 in 1900. Derby County were appearing in their third final, having lost the previous two by 3–1 to Nottingham Forest in 1898 and by 4–1 to Sheffield United in 1899.


1903 FA Cup Final, 1903 background
Bury and Derby County were both members of the Football League First Division. In the 1902–03 league championship, they amassed 35 points each, seven points behind champions The Wednesday. With identical win-loss records, Bury were placed eighth and Derby ninth as Bury had a slightly better goal ratio.


1903 FA Cup Final, 1903 background
The Derby team was managed by Harry Newbould who in 1900 had become the first person to be formally appointed to the position, having previously had charge of the team as club secretary. Bury's team between 1895 and 1907 was selected by a three-man committee but with club secretary Harry Spencer Hamer in charge of the team on match days.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Bury
Bury entered the competition in the first round proper and played four matches en route to the final. All four of their opponents were other teams in the First Division.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Bury, Early rounds
In the first round, Bury were drawn at home against Wolverhampton Wanderers. With a goal after sixty minutes by Billy Richards, Bury won the tie 1–0 at Gigg Lane and progressed to the second round. The crowd was only 5,172.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Bury, Early rounds
In the second round, Bury faced a formidable hurdle after they were drawn away to the FA Cup holders and current league title contenders Sheffield United. The tie was decided by a fifth-minute goal scored by Charlie Sagar and Bury won 1–0 at Bramall Lane before a crowd of 24,103.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Bury, Early rounds
This victory generated tremendous interest in the town of Bury and, when the team faced Notts County at home in the third round, the crowd was 22,841. Bury again won 1–0, courtesy of a Jimmy Lindsay penalty early in the second half.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Bury, Semi-final
The semi-finals were staged at neutral venues on Saturday, 21 March, and Bury were drawn to play the eventual Division One runners-up Aston Villa at Goodison Park. The crowd was around 50,000 including a sizeable contingent from Bury. Villa were clear favourites to win but it was Bury who dominated the match and they won 3–0 with surprising ease to qualify for their second final in four seasons. The goals at Goodison were scored by Jack Plant after thirty minutes, Sagar (48) and Richards (60). After the semi-final, Bury played four league matches before the final on 18 April and managed to complete these without any of their first-team players sustaining injury.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Derby County
Derby County entered the competition in the first round proper and played four matches en route to the final. Two of their opponents were other teams in the First Division. They also played against one team in the Second Division and one in the Southern League.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Derby County, Early rounds
In the first round, Derby were drawn at home against Small Heath, who were successfully chasing promotion from the Second Division. Watched by a crowd of 15,000, Derby won 2–1 at the Baseball Ground with goals by John Boag and Joe Warrington. Small Heath's goal was scored by Jimmy Windridge.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Derby County, Early rounds
In the second round, Derby were drawn away to relegation-threatened Blackburn Rovers and eased through with a 2–0 win. Their goals were scored by Steve Bloomer and Warrington.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Derby County, Early rounds
They faced First Division opposition again in the third round and defeated Stoke FC 3–0 at home before a crowd of 16,000. The goals were scored by George Davis, Warrington and Ben Warren.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Derby County, Semi-final
In their semi-final, Derby were drawn against Millwall Athletic, who were then in the Southern League. The match was played at neutral Villa Park and Derby won 3–0 with goals by Boag, Warren and George Richards. The semi-final was played on 21 March and, up to that point, Derby had been in serious contention for the league title. In their next league match on 28 March, they lost to Everton and a slide began with only one more win in their remaining league fixtures.


1903 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Derby County, Semi-final
Derby were hidebound by injuries in this period. Their star forward Steve Bloomer sustained a swollen ankle that kept him out of the final and he was joined on the sidelines by regular halfback Charlie Leckie. Left winger George Davis was temporarily sidelined but was fit for the final. The most significant injury in terms of the final, however, was a groin strain suffered by goalkeeper Jack Fryer when stretching to reach a cross against Middlesbrough at Ayresome Park on Easter Monday, 13 April, just five days before the final.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Pre-match
As both teams normally wore white shirts and blue shorts, agreement was needed about who should change kit but both clubs claimed priority of choice. The issue was referred to the FA who refused to get involved. Unable to reach agreement, both clubs conceded the argument and neither team wore its normal kit. Bury turned out in Cambridge blue shirts and navy blue shorts, Derby in red shirts and black shorts.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Pre-match
On the Friday afternoon and Saturday morning before the match, seven long special trains left the two Bury stations, Knowsley Street and Bolton Street, for the Crystal Palace. These alone accounted for around 2,000 of a large Bury contingent and thousands travelled from Derby also. An estimated 79 special trains were run to London from various points around England and all the major railway stations in the capital were well-stocked with provisions. At St Pancras, three special rooms were set aside for fans with some 40 barrels of beer, 200 cases of bottled beer, and a plentiful supply of whisky on hand.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Pre-match
Derby arrived at the ground with worries about the fitness of Bloomer and Fryer. Bloomer declared himself unfit but Fryer refused to stand aside for his understudy, Frank Davies, who had never played at senior level. Despite their problems, Derby began the match as favourites given their league form to the end of March, although they were now out of title contention. Bury had no team problems and could field their full first-choice eleven, including six players who had won the cup three years earlier: Joe Leeming, Plant, Richards, George Ross, Sagar and Willie Wood.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Pre-match
The local Bury Times newspaper carried a report which said many photographers were in evidence and a cinematograph was sited on top of one of the stands. The teams came onto the field separately, Derby first, and the Bury newspaper claimed that the roar of the Bury fans "outclassed" that of the Derby fans. The paper commented that, "strangely", the match kicked off at 3:27 pm.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, First half
The weather was dry but the pitch was described as hard and uneven. The pitch seems to have helped Bury take the lead after twenty minutes when their captain George Ross aimed a lofted shot goalwards and the ball bounced awkwardly to deceive Jack Fryer before looping over his head. If Fryer had been fully fit, he would probably have saved the goal.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, First half
Bury led by this goal at half-time when, according to the Derby camp, things had gone "better than they had dared hope" – they were a goal down but didn't consider Bury's lead an insurmountable deficit. While Bury had been the better team so far and certainly deserved their lead, it had taken a desperate goal-line clearance by Ross to prevent a Derby goal after goalkeeper Hugh Monteith had been well beaten.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Second half
Bury began the second half in complete control and Derby's play was so poor that Bury were never fully extended. Monteith had very little to do while, at the other end, it was soon clear that Fryer should not have been playing at all. He aggravated his injury when he tried to prevent Charlie Sagar scoring the second Bury goal three minutes after the interval. The two players had collided and Fryer was forced to leave the field for treatment. With no substitutes allowed, Derby were down to ten men. Left back Charlie Morris deputised for Fryer but, after 56 minutes, Joe Leeming chipped the ball over him as he raced out of his goal and that gave Bury a 3–0 lead.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Second half
Fryer returned at this point but, only a minute later, after he had parried a shot by Frank Thorpe, Willie Wood scored the fourth Bury goal. Only two minutes later, it was 5–0 after Jack Plant cut inside from the left and hit a hard shot into the corner of the goal. Bury had scored four goals in an eleven-minute period.


1903 FA Cup Final, Match, Second half
Morris soon had to take over from Fryer again, but no one would have stopped Bury's sixth goal after 75 minutes when Leeming received a pass from Thorpe and sent it crashing into the net. Bury hit the woodwork twice more, and the game descended into near farce when Jimmy Methven went in goal to give Morris a breather. He should have conceded an immediate penalty when he handled the ball before the referee had been told about the change of roles. The Derby history suggests the referee, Jack Adams of Birmingham, must have felt sorry for them because he waved play on.


1903 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Afterwards, the trophy was presented to Bury captain George Ross by Lord Kinnaird who was himself a famous footballer, having played in a record nine FA Cup finals from 1873 to 1883. Each of the players was presented with a winner's medal. The club's officials and players spent the weekend celebrating at London's Tavistock Hotel before travelling to Birmingham on the Monday for a league match at The Hawthorns against West Bromwich Albion.


1903 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Bury's 6–0 victory created a record for the biggest winning margin in an FA Cup final, beating Blackburn's 6–1 win over The Wednesday in 1890. Manchester City equalled the record when they defeated Watford 6–0 in the 2019 final. Bury equalled Blackburn's record for the most goals scored in a final and also equalled the record first set by Preston North End in 1889 of winning the FA Cup without conceding a goal in any round.


1903 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Despite Bury's achievements, the match has been decried as one of the poorest and most one-sided cup finals ever played. The Daily Chronicle reported that the match was a "fiasco" and nothing like it had ever been seen before. The reporter contended that Bury could have scored twenty and did not do so because they "exercised mercy".


1903 FA Cup Final, Post-match
The 1903 match was Bury's last final appearance. Derby have reached the final once since 1903, when they defeated Charlton Athletic 4–1 after extra time in 1946.


1903 Fairmount Wheatshockers football team
The 1903 Fairmount Wheatshockers football team was an American football team that represented Fairmount College (now known as Wichita State University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 6–2 record, shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 126 to 27. The team had no coach; Walter Stahl was the team manager.


1903 Florida State College football team
The 1903 Florida State College football team represented Florida State College in the sport of American football during the 1903 college football season. The team was led by head coach W.W. Hughes and posted a 3–2–1 record  and won a claim to the State Championship. With no formal nickname or mascot, the Florida State College football team was known simply as the "Florida State College Eleven".


1903 Florida State College football team, Before the season, Uniforms
The Florida State players wore gold uniforms with a large purple F on the front. Their pants were lightly padded, but their upper bodies were largely unprotected. Leather helmets with ear guards covered their heads, and shoehorn-shaped metal nose guards were strapped across their faces.


1903 Florida State College football team, Before the season, Coaching staff
The football team chose new officers in May 1903. T.M. Shackelford was elected Manager and Ed Watson Captain; Professor W.W. Hughes remained as coach.


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 1: Bainbridge Giants
To open the season, Florida State crushed the Bainbridge Giants 22–0.


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 2: Bainbridge Giants
The second game against Bainbridge was controversial. Florida State rode the train to Bainbridge, but the Tallahassee sportswriter stayed home, due to the weather. Therefore, the only account of the game was provided by the Bainbridge press.


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 2: Bainbridge Giants
Neither team scored during the first half, but Florida State "succeeded in pushing the ball over the line" in the second half. During the second half, an "unpleasantness" occurred. According to the Bainbridge account, W.W. Hughes, who was officiating the game, refused to surrender the duty after the first half. Bainbridge protested several of Hughes calls and demanded that he step down. "An unusual amount of wrangling" resulted, and after the game Hughes did not allow his team to attend the prearranged dance." Florida State left Bainbridge immediately after the game. Florida State had won the game 5–0. Bainbridge citizens were outraged and considered Hughes conduct "not that of a man who was trying to promote good feeling between the two towns." Hughes considered the Georgians too unpleasant, and Florida State never played Bainbridge again.


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 3: East Florida Seminary
The East Florida Seminary team beat FSC 16–0. "The victors had the home team beat at every point. A large crowd witnessed the game."


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 4: Georgia Tech
Florida State played Georgia Tech at Piedmont Park in Atlanta on November 7, "a sunny and mild autumn day." Georgia Tech made two touchdowns in the first half after "easy gains." In the second, Clarke, Georgia Tech's left tackle, "made one of the prettiest bucks...which had been seen" and scored a third time. By the end of the game, Georgia Tech had defeated Florida State 17–0. Though Florida schools had played each other since 1901, this was the first time one played a Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) opponent. Fuzzy Woodruff called it the first evidence of intercollegiate football in Florida.


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 5: Florida
Florida State College beat the University of Florida (at Lake City), 12–0. Florida State had planned on playing former Clemson star Jack "Pee Wee" Forsythe at fullback. When UF found out, they threatened to leave. Florida State's Captain, A.B. Clark, said the team wouldn't use Forsythe if Florida did not play its physical education director, J.D. Jeffery. Both Forsyth and Jeffery likely were professionals; certainly, neither was a student. Both teams agreed to the terms, and the game went on as scheduled."


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 6: Stetson
Florida State finished the 1903 season against Stetson in the Florida Times-Union's Championship Cup. Because both Florida State and Stetson had beaten the University of Florida, the winner of the game would be crowned State Champion.


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 6: Stetson
"It was a clean game and well played by both. Stetson kicked off and in three plays got the ball on downs and held it for a touchdown which was made by a series of line bucks."


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 6: Stetson
"In the second half Stetson kicked off and held Tallahassee well, with varying results, until the last ten minutes when Tallahassee, by a series of line plays, claimed by Stetson to be illegal, using four men massed back of the line, made a touchdown, but failed to kick goal."


1903 Florida State College football team, Season summary, Week 6: Stetson
The game ended in a 5–5 tie. Neither team was awarded the Times-Union Trophy.


1903 Florida State College football team, Roster
The original line-up played the entire game, both offense and defense. Substitutes replaced injured players.


1903 Florida hurricane
The 1903 Florida hurricane was an Atlantic hurricane that caused extensive wind and flood damage on the Florida peninsula and over the adjourning Southeastern United States in early to mid September 1903. The third tropical cyclone and third hurricane of the season, this storm was first observed near Mayaguana island in the Bahamas early on September 9. Moving northwestward, it became a hurricane the next day and passed near Nassau. The cyclone then turned to the west-northwest on September 11 and passed just north of the Bimini Islands. As it crossed the Bahamas, the cyclone produced hurricane-force winds that caused damage to crops and buildings, but no deaths were reported over the island chain.


1903 Florida hurricane
Late on September 11, the cyclone struck near Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The Inchulva capsized near Delray Beach, drowning nine of her crew members. The cyclone caused severe wind damage in present-day Broward and Palm Beach counties, although most of the losses were to crops such as sugarcane. The cyclone weakened to a tropical storm while crossing Florida, but re-intensified into a hurricane over the Gulf of Mexico on September 17. Peaking at 90 mph (145 km/h), equivalent to a strong Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, the storm made landfall near Panama City early on September 14.


1903 Florida hurricane
In Northwest Florida, Alabama, and Georgia, the cyclone produced widespread rainfall, causing some crop damage. Additionally, a storm surge caused boats to be blown ashore in the Florida Panhandle. In all, the storm killed 14 people in Florida and produced $500,000 in damage. After falling to tropical storm intensity early on September 14, the storm weakened to a tropical depression on September 16, several hours before dissipating over South Carolina.


1903 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history
Based upon scientific research conducted by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division in 2003, the cyclone is estimated to have first begun as a 60 mph (95 km/h) tropical storm south of Mayaguana in the Bahamas early on September 9. However, due to scarce observations, its genesis likely occurred earlier than this time but was undetected operationally. Moving slowly northwest, the cyclone quickly strengthened into a hurricane with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h), equivalent to Category 1 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, early the next day.


1903 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history
By 00:00 UTC on September 11, it reached sustained winds of 85 mph (135 km/h) while centered about 15 miles (25 km) west of New Providence Island. Turning to the west-northwest, the cyclone maintained its intensity while passing just north of the Bimini Islands. Around 23:00 UTC on September 12, the cyclone struck South Florida near Fort Lauderdale with winds of 85 mph (135 km/h). Thereafter, the hurricane weakened upon crossing the Everglades, weakening to a tropical storm at 06:00 UTC on September 12.


1903 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history
The cyclone entered the Gulf of Mexico near Egmont Key, south of Saint Petersburg in the Tampa Bay region, with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). At this time, the cyclone was still moving west-northwest as it had started nearly two days earlier. Although diminished in intensity after its passage over the Florida peninsula, the cyclone quickly re-organized and began to re-intensify over the Gulf of Mexico. Early on September 13, it regained hurricane intensity while centered about 100 mi (160 km) south of St. Marks in the Big Bend area of Florida.


1903 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history
Curving to the northwest and increasing its forward speed, the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (140 km/h) as it neared the Florida Panhandle. On the afternoon of September 13, the hurricane passed just west of Cape San Blas, but did not strike there. As its heading backed to the north-northwest, the cyclone moved made landfall near Panama City at the same intensity around 00:00 UTC on September 14.


1903 Florida hurricane, Meteorological history
It is estimated that the storm reached peak intensity at landfall, with the peripheral pressure and storm tide observations suggesting winds of 90 mph (145 km/h), while the pressure-wind relationship indicating a minimum barometric pressure of 974 mbar (28.8 inHg). After moving inland, the cyclone rapidly diminished to a strong tropical storm and continued to weaken as it entered southern Alabama early on September 14. The next day, it turned northeast and then east-northeast, and by 00:00 UTC on September 16, it degenerated into a tropical depression. Less than 24 hours later, the system dissipated just east of the Georgia–South Carolina border.


1903 Florida hurricane, Preparations
Between 06:00 and 12:00 UTC on September 10, the United States Weather Bureau issued storm signals, equivalent to a tropical storm warning in 2021, from Cedar Key, Florida, to Charleston, South Carolina. These were later upgraded to hurricane warnings in South Florida. Due to inclement weather conditions in West Palm Beach, which had been newly incorporated as a town just days earlier, businesses suspended their normal operations and people boarded up buildings, even as the strongest winds arrived. As the cyclone moved into the Gulf of Mexico, reports from September 12 through September 14 helped ships prepare for the storm.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
In the Bahamas, the cyclone produced a barometric pressure at or below 990 mbar (29.5 inHg) on Cat Cay for about 10 hours beginning at 11:00 UTC on September 11. For a period of 30 minutes after 15:00 UTC, the pressure dropped to 976 mbar (28.82 inHg), after which hurricane-force winds decreased substantially, shifting from northeast to southwest via north, before restrengthening just after 16:00 UTC. The entire storm practically ceased by 23:00 UTC late that day. Only 0.84 inches (21 mm) of rain attended the passage of the hurricane on the island.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
On New Providence Island, Nassau recorded a pressure of 988.8 mbar (29.2 inHg) and winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) at 00:00 UTC on September 11, shortly before the anemometer blew away. Afterward, the winds shifted from east to south and were estimated to be as high as 90 mph (140 km/h). On the island, the hurricane destroyed the fruit crop and caused considerable damage to small structures. The storm also caused heavy damage to local shipping.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
In southeast Florida, no wind or pressure observations were available within 50 mi (80 km) of the location where the eye of the cyclone struck the coast. However, the cyclone did produce a storm surge up to 8 feet (2.4 m) at Jupiter, which was near the radius of maximum wind, then estimated to be about 50 mi (80 km), and reported peak sustained winds of 84 mph (135 km/h). Winds of damaging force extended 30 mi (48 km) north of Jupiter, and the preponderance of the damage was limited to areas south of that settlement. Only pineapple sheds were damaged at Jupiter. About 9 mi (14 km) south, the schooner Martha T. Thomas blown ashore, without loss of crew members.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
In West Palm Beach, as northeast winds reached their peak between 21:00 UTC on September 11 and 01:00 UTC the next day, parts of buildings blew away. Many buildings were unroofed, while rainfall and winds subsequently caused further damage to the interiors, such as at The Tropical Sun office building, the Seminole Hotel, the Palms Hotel, Schmid's Commercial Hotel, and properties owned by former mayor Marion E. Gruber. Several other businesses suffered similar damage. Much debris, including roofing materials, branches, paper, and driftwood, was thrown into the streets. In the African American section of the town, several buildings were destroyed. Just one of the four churches stood after the hurricane. Damage there ran "way up in the thousands."


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
Hotels on the nearby island of Palm Beach survived, but many coconut palms and other vegetation were prostrated. On the west shoreline of Lake Worth Lagoon, homes were swept off their foundations and their interiors flooded. Coconut trees and shrubbery were also toppled on Munyon Island. All three of the cottages were blown into the Lake Worth Lagoon, while the hotel also suffered some damage. The Lake Worth News building in Lake Worth was severely damaged by flooding. Destruction in Boynton Beach was "almost indescribable." Dozens of homes were damaged to some degree.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
The ground was "literally covered" with fruit, including guava, lemons, and lime, while pineapple fields were flattened. Power and telegraph lines and trees, including many large pine trees, were toppled throughout the city. Offshore, a Standard Oil barge was beached against a reef; the crew of eleven men were forced to swim ashore.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
The settlements of Pompano, where the eye was believed to have come ashore, and Delray Beach were nearly destroyed, with trees defoliated and many buildings dismantled. Offshore Delray Beach, the British steamship Inchulva, wrecked near the Orange Grove House of Refuge. Nine crew members aboard the Inchulva drowned as she stranded just 200 yards (180 m) off the beach. The wreck was later salvaged and transformed into an underwater diving attraction. Damage in the Miami area was mainly confined to small buildings overturned, trees uprooted, smokestacks downed, metal awnings broken, and metal roofs scattered.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
Only two or three homes were blown off their foundations in the northern part of the area. At the new building for The Miami Metropolis, the wall on the west side collapsed. Telegraph and electrical lines were downed throughout the city, leaving the streets "a tangle of wires." The loss of electricity was restored by the night of September 12. Damage in South Florida reached $100,000, mainly to crops such as sugarcane in the Everglades.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
In Central Florida, the cyclone only caused minor damage to structures and blew down trees, but at least two people died in Tampa. The storm also damaged businesses in the area and reportedly blew down half the local orange crop. Heavy rainfall occurred along the path, peaking at 11.40 in (289.56 mm) at Fort Meade. In the Florida Panhandle, the hurricane produced a pressure of 984.8 mbar (29.08 inHg) and winds up to 80 mph (130 km/h) at St. Andrews settlement, near Panama City.


1903 Florida hurricane, Impact
The peak storm surge was measured at up to 10 ft (3.0 m) in the town of Apalachicola. Up to 50% of the cotton crop was destroyed, but overall structural damage was minor, though ships were grounded near Apalachicola. As the cyclone moved inland over Alabama and Georgia on September 14 and 15, it produced widespread rains peaking at 5.42 in (140 mm) at Griffin, Georgia. Minor crop damage occurred in low-lying areas, but advance warning reduced the potential damage. In all, the hurricane killed 14 people, all in Florida.


1903 Franklin Athletic Club season
The 1903 Franklin Athletic Club football season  was their third and final season in existence. The team finished with a record of 12-0. The team was named the top football team in the United States. Franklin went on to win the 1903 World Series of Football, held in December, at Madison Square Garden and did not give up a score all season.


1903 Geneva Covenanters football team
he 1903 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1903 college football season. Led by Samuel G. Craig in his fourth and final year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 9–1.


1903 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team
The 1903 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team represented Georgetown University during the 1903 college football season. Led by Philip King in his first year as head coach, the team went 7–3 and claims a Southern championship. National champion Princeton's two closest game were against Yale and Georgetown. Captain Hub Hart had a 99-yard run from scrimmage against Maryland; this is still a school record.


1903 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1903 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 3–4 record. Georgia lost to Clemson, but beat rivals Georgia Tech and Auburn. This was the Georgia Bulldogs' first season under the guidance of head coach Marvin M. Dickinson.


1903 Georgia Bulldogs football team
John Heisman last year as head coach of Clemson was 1903. During his four years at Clemson, Georgia was unable to muster a single win, was shut out twice and scored only 10 points. While Heisman was head coach of Auburn, Georgia had fared a little better, managing a win and a tie and recording a 1–2–1 record. Nevertheless, during the eight meetings with Heisman-coached teams from 1895 to 1903, Georgia was 1–6–1.


1903 Georgia Tech football team
The 1903 Georgia Tech football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Despite Tech sources not recording it, Mercer sources insist Georgia Tech defeated Mercer in 1903 by a score of 46 to 0.


1903 Georgia Tech football team, Season summary, Week 1: Clemson
Clemson's 73–0 victory over Georgia Tech led Clemson to name a street on the campus for John Heisman and to Georgia Tech's hiring him the next season. The week before Clemson beat Georgia  29 to 0. Georgia offered a bushel of apples for every point Clemson could score over its rival Tech. Clemson rushed for 615 yards.


1903 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 16 June 1903. Despite the Social Democratic Party (SPD) receiving a clear plurality of votes, the Centre Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 100 of the 397 seats, whilst the SPD won only 81. Voter turnout was 76.1%.


1903 German football championship
The 1903 German football championship was the first tournament sanctioned by the German Football Association (DFB) to crown a national champion. At the time, the newly founded DFB only had about 150 member clubs in 30 mostly local associations. Every champion of these associations was eligible for play in the championship. Additionally, associations from outside Germany were allowed to take part, such as the Prague association that sent her champion to Germany.


1903 German football championship
Although thirty teams would have been eligible, only six eventually entered the competition.


1903 German football championship
VfB Leipzig became the first club to be awarded the Viktoria, the trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944. The trophy later disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War, did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015, when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund.


1903 German football championship, Competition, Quarter-finals
The German Football Association had scheduled the match to be played in Munich, but Prag lodged an official complaint as they would receive greater revenue if the match was played in Prague, while Karlsruhe  protested against travelling Prague. Due to time constraints, the match was scratched and both teams entered the semifinals.


1903 German football championship, Competition, Semi-finals
The match had been scheduled to be held in Leipzig, but Karlsruhe received a telegram, supposedly sent by the German Football Association, informing them that the match had been postponed. The team never went to Leipzig, and was subsequently disqualified.


1903 German football championship Final
The 1903 German football championship Final decided the winner of the 1903 German football championship, the 1st edition of the German football championship, a knockout football cup competition contested by the regional league winners to determine the national champions. The match was played on 31 May 1903 at the Exerzierweide in Altona. VfB Leipzig won the match 7–2 against DFC Prag to become the first national champions in German football history.


1903 German football championship Final, Route to the final
The German football championship was a six team single-elimination knockout cup competition, featuring the champions of regional football associations. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. For all matches, the winner after 90 minutes advances. If still tied, extra time was used to determine the winner.


1903 German football championship Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral).


1903 Glen Innes state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Glen Innes on 4 November 1903 because of the death of Francis Wright.


1903 Goldey College football team
The 1903 Goldey College football team represented Goldey College (now known as Goldey–Beacom College) in the 1903 college football season as an independent. They compiled a record of 0–1–1.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup
The 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, formally titled the IV Coupe Internationale, was a motor race held on 2 July 1903, on the Athy Circuit consisting of closed roads in Ireland. The race consisted of seven laps - alternating for six laps over a shorter circuit to the west of Athy and longer circuit to the East, before a final lap on the longer circuit to make the total distance 527 km (327.5 miles).


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup
A British entry had won the previous edition of the race, which meant that the rights to host the race fell to the Automobile Club of Britain and Ireland. Legislation was passed to allow the race to take place on roads in Ireland, then a part of the United Kingdom. Britain were to attempt to defend the Gordon Bennett Cup against France, Germany and the USA, and each country was represented by three entries, with the car that finished the race in the shortest time winning the race on behalf of his country.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup
The race was won by Camille Jenatzy driving a Mercedes and representing Germany, in a time of six hours and 39 minutes, at an average speed of 79.2 km/h (49.2 mph). Rene de Knyff and Henry Farman, both driving Panhards and representing France finished in second and third places, taking a little over ten minutes longer to complete the course than Jenatzy.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
On Thursday, 2 July 1903 the Gordon Bennett Cup was the first international motor race to be held in Ireland, an honorific to Selwyn Edge who had won the 1902 event in the Paris-Vienna race driving a Napier. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland wanted the race to be hosted in the British Isles, and their secretary, Claude Johnson, suggested Ireland as the venue because racing was illegal on British public roads.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
The editor of the Dublin Motor News, Richard J. Mecredy, suggested an area in County Kildare, and letters were sent to 102 Irish MPs, 90 Irish peers, 300 newspapers, 34 chairmen of county and local councils, 34 County secretaries, 26 mayors, 41 railway companies, 460 hoteliers, 13 PPs, plus the Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, Patrick Foley, who pronounced himself in favour. Local laws had to be adjusted, ergo the 'Light Locomotives (Ireland) Bill' was passed on 27 March 1903.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
Kildare and other local councils drew attention to their areas, whilst Queen’s County declared That every facility will be given and the roads placed at the disposal of motorists during the proposed race. Eventually Kildare was chosen, partly on the grounds that the straightness of the roads would be a safety benefit. As a compliment to Ireland the British team chose to race in Shamrock green which thus became known as British racing green, although the winning Napier of 1902 had been painted Olive green.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
There was considerable public concern about safety after the 1901 Paris-Bordeaux Rally, in which at least eight people had been killed, and severe accidents during the May 24th 1903 Paris-Madrid race where more than 200 cars competed over a distance of 800 miles (1,287 km) but which had to be halted at Bordeaux because there had been so many accidents.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
To allay these fears the 1903 race was held over a closed course which had been carefully prepared for the event, and was marshalled by 7,000 police officers assisted by troops and club stewards, with strict instructions to keep spectators off the roads and away from corners. The route consisted of two loops in a figure eight, the first a 52 mi (84 km) loop including Kilcullen, The Curragh, Kildare, Monasterevin, Stradbally, Athy, followed by a 40 mi (64 km) loop through Castledermot, Carlow, and Athy again.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
The race started at the Ballyshannon cross-roads () near Calverstown on the contemporary N78 heading north, then followed the N9 north; the N7 west; the N80 south; the N78 north again; the N9 south; the N80 north; the N78 north again. The official timekeeper of the race was Mr. T. H. Woolen of the Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland. Ninety one Chronographs for timing the race were supplied by the Anglo-Swiss firm Stauffer Son & Co. of La Chaux-de-Fonds and London. Competitors were started at seven-minute intervals and had to follow bicycles through the 'control zones' in each town.


1903 Gordon Bennett Cup, Race report
The  328 mi (528 km) race was won by the famous Belgian Camille Jenatzy, driving a Mercedes in German colours. It was "inferior in terms of horse power", but suited to Jenazy's driving style, and he turned in a spectacular performance. His purse for the win was £8000.


1903 Grand National
The 1903 Grand National was the 65th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 27 March 1903.


1903 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1903 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1903 college football season. The Crimson finished with a 9–3 record under first-year head coach John Cranston. Walter Camp selected two Harvard players as first-team selections to his 1903 College Football All-America Team. They were tackle Daniel Knowlton and guard Andrew Marshall.


1903 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1903 season was also notable for the opening of Harvard Stadium, which hosted its first game on November 14 against Dartmouth.


1903 Haskell Indians football team
The 1903 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute  (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1902 college football season. In its first season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein, Haskell compiled a 7–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 131 to 50. Its victories included shutouts against Texas (6–0), Missouri (12–0), and Creighton (22–0); its losses were to Nebraska (16–0) and Chicago (17–11).


1903 Holy Cross football team
The 1903 Holy Cross football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross in the 1903 college football season. In its first season under head coach Frank Cavanaugh, the team compiled an 8–2 record. Tom Stankard was the team captain.


1903 Holy Cross football team
After years of playing home games at off-campus stadiums in Worcester, Massachusetts, Holy Cross opened its own football field in time for the start of the 1903 season. The new stadium, called simply Holy Cross Field by the press, was later named Fitton Field, and today serves as the college's baseball stadium.


1903 Home Nations Championship
The 1903 Home Nations Championship was the twenty-first series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 10 January and 21 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
Wales: John Strand-Jones (Llanelli), Fred Jowett (Swansea), Dan Rees (Swansea), Rhys Gabe (Llanelli), Tom Pearson (Newport) capt., Dicky Owen (Swansea), Llewellyn Lloyd (Newport), Jehoida Hodges (Newport), Will Joseph (Swansea), Will Osborne (Mountain Ash), Arthur Harding (Cardiff), Alfred Brice (Aberavon), David Jones (Treherbert), George Boots (Newport), George Travers (Pill Harriers)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
England: HT Gamlin (Blackheath), JH Miles (Leicester), RH Spooner (Liverpool), JT Taylor (West Hartlepool), T Simpson (Rockcliff), B Oughtred (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., Frank Croft Hulme (Birkenhead Park), G Fraser (Richmond), Vincent Cartwright (Oxford Uni. ), R Bradley (West Hartlepool), J Duthie (West Hartlepool), RFA Hobbs (Blackheath), Denys Dobson (Oxford Uni. ), PF Hardwick (Percy Park), RD Wood (Liverpool OB)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Scotland: WT Forrest (Hawick), HJ Orr (London Scottish), AN Fell (Edinburgh University), Alec Boswell Timms (Edinburgh University), JE Crabbie (Oxford Uni. ), J Knox (Kelvinside Acads), ED Simson (Edinburgh University), L West (Edinburgh University), AG Cairns (Watsonians), WE Kyle (Hawick), David Bedell-Sivright (Cambridge Uni), Mark Coxon Morrison  (Royal HSFP) capt., WP Scott (West of Scotland), James Greenlees (Kelvinside Acads. ), N Kennedy (West of Scotland)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Wales: John Strand-Jones (Llanelli), William Richard Arnold (Swansea), Dan Rees (Swansea), Rhys Gabe (Llanelli), Billy Trew (Swansea), Dicky Owen (Swansea), Llewellyn Lloyd (Newport) capt., Jehoida Hodges (Newport), Will Joseph (Swansea), Will Osborne (Mountain Ash), Arthur Harding (Cardiff), Alfred Brice (Aberavon), David Jones (Treherbert), George Boots (Newport), George Travers (Pill Harriers)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England
Ireland: J Fulton (NIFC), HJ Anderson (Old Wesley), DR Taylor (Queen's Uni, Belfast), GAD Harvey (Wanderers), CC Fitzgerald (Dungannon), Louis Magee (Bective Rangers), Harry Corley (Dublin University) capt., Thomas Arnold Harvey (Dublin University), GT Hamlet (Old Wesley), M Ryan (Rockwell College), A Tedford (Malone), P Healey (Limerick), JJ Coffey (Lansdowne), F Gardiner (NIFC), RS Smyth (Dublin University)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England
England: HT Gamlin (Blackheath), R Forrest (Blackheath), AT Brettargh (Liverpool OB), JT Taylor (West Hartlepool), T Simpson (Rockcliff), B Oughtred (Hartlepool Rovers) capt., FC Hulme (Birkenhead Park), G Fraser (Richmond), Vincent Cartwright (Oxford Uni. ), BA Hill (Blackheath), SG Williams (Devonport Albion), WG Heppell (Devonport Albion), Denys Dobson (Oxford Uni. ), PF Hardwick (Percy Park), RD Wood (Liverpool OB)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland
Scotland: WT Forrest (Hawick), HJ Orr (London Scottish), C France (Kelvinside Acads), AS Drybrough (Edinburgh Wanderers), JE Crabbie (Oxford Uni. ), J Knox (Kelvinside Acads), ED Simson (Edinburgh University), L West (Edinburgh University), AG Cairns (Watsonians), WE Kyle (Hawick), David Bedell-Sivright (Cambridge Uni), Mark Coxon Morrison  (Royal HSFP) capt., WP Scott (West of Scotland), James Greenlees (Kelvinside Acads. ), N Kennedy (West of Scotland)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland
Ireland: J Fulton (NIFC), HJ Anderson (Old Wesley), JB Allison (Edinburgh University), GAD Harvey (Wanderers), CC Fitzgerald (Dungannon), Louis Magee (Bective Rangers), Harry Corley (Dublin University) capt., Jos Wallace (Wanderers), GT Hamlet (Old Wesley), CE Allen (Derry), A Tedford (Malone), P Healey (Limerick), JJ Coffey (Lansdowne), Samuel Irwin (NIFC), RS Smyth (Dublin University)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland
Wales: Bert Winfield (Cardiff), Willie Llewellyn (London Welsh), Gwyn Nicholls (Cardiff) capt., Rhys Gabe (Llanelli), Teddy Morgan (London Welsh), Dicky Owen (Swansea), Llewellyn Lloyd (Newport), Jehoida Hodges (Newport), Will Joseph (Swansea), Will Osborne (Mountain Ash), Arthur Harding (Cardiff), Alfred Brice (Aberavon), David Jones (Treherbert), George Boots (Newport), George Travers (Pill Harriers)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland
Ireland: J Fulton (NIFC), G Bradshaw (Belfast Collegians), James Cecil Parke (Dublin University), C Reid (NIFC), Gerry Doran (Lansdowne), Louis Magee (Bective Rangers), Harry Corley (Dublin University) capt., Jos Wallace (Wanderers), GT Hamlet (Old Wesley), CE Allen (Derry), A Tedford (Malone), P Healey (Limerick), JJ Coffey (Lansdowne), F Gardiner (NIFC), TA Harvey (Monkstown)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland
England: HT Gamlin(Blackheath), T Simpson (Rockcliff), AT Brettargh (Liverpool OB), EIM Barrett (Lennox), R Forrest (Blackheath) WV Butcher (Streatham & Croydon), PD Kendall (Birkenhead Park) capt., NC Fletcher (OMT), Vincent Cartwright (Oxford Uni. ), BA Hill (Blackheath), SG Williams (Devonport Albion), Frank Stout (Richmond), Denys Dobson (Oxford Uni. ), PF Hardwick (Percy Park), R Pierce (Liverpool)


1903 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland
Scotland: WT Forrest (Hawick), HJ Orr (London Scottish), AN Fell (Edinburgh University), Alec Boswell Timms (Edinburgh University), JS MacDonald (Edinburgh University), J Knox (Kelvinside Acads), ED Simson (Edinburgh University), L West (Edinburgh University), AG Cairns (Watsonians), WE Kyle (Hawick), J Ross (London Scottish), John Dallas (Watsonians), WP Scott (West of Scotland), James Greenlees (Kelvinside Acads.) capt., N Kennedy (West of Scotland)


1903 Hong Kong sanitary board election
The 1903 Sanitary Board Election was held on 25 March 1903 was the second election for the 2 unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong under the reconstituted Public Health and Building Ordinance of 1903.


1903 Hong Kong sanitary board election
Only ratepayers who were included in the Special and Common Jury Lists of the years or ratepayers who are exempted from serving on Juries on account of their professional avocations were entitled to vote at the election.


1903 Hong Kong sanitary board election, Outcome
Henry Edward Pollock, the former Acting Attorney General and the member of the Executive and Legislative Council was elected.


1903 ISSF World Shooting Championships
The 7th UIT World Shooting Championships was the contemporary name of the ISSF World Shooting Championships held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1903. The winners were Emil Kellenberger in the rifle competition and Benjamin Segura in the pistol competition.


1903 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1903 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1903 college football season. In their first season under head coach George Washington Woodruff, the Illini compiled an 8–6 record and finished in seventh place in the Western Conference. Guard/end Claude Rothgeb was the team captain.


1903 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1903 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1903 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach James H. Horne, the Hoosiers compiled a 4–4 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 148 to 124.


1903 International Cross Country Championships
The 1903 International Cross Country Championships was held in Hamilton, Scotland, at the Hamilton Park on 28 March 1903. A preview of the event and an appraisal of the results appeared in the Glasgow Herald.


1903 International Cross Country Championships
Complete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1903 International Cross Country Championships, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 45 athletes from 4 countries.


1903 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1903 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the third edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. The British Isles team returned to the United States to contest the Cup. The tie was played at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, Massachusetts (the same location as the first competition in 1900). The British won 4-1, bringing the Cup to Britain for the first time.


1903 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1903 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 29 April 1903 as part of that years local elections.


1903 Invercargill mayoral election
Former mayor George Froggatt defeated the incumbent Charles Stephen Longuet.


1903 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1903 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1903 college football season. This season was John Chalmers' first as head coach of the Hawkeyes.


1903 Iowa Senate election
The 1903 Iowa State Senate elections were the last state legislative general elections held on an odd-numbered year. Iowa voters elected state senators in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators traditionally serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate. However, under the Biennial Elections law enacted in 1904 by the Iowa General Assembly, the senators elected in 1903 served an additional fifth year (until the 1908 elections) to accommodate the transition to holding elections on even-numbered years.


1903 Iowa Senate election
A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1903 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly


1903 Iowa Senate election
The 1903 elections occurred before primary elections were established in Iowa by the Primary Election Law in 1907. The general election took place on November 3, 1903.


1903 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 39 seats to Democrats' 11 seats. However, during the twenty-ninth session of the Iowa General Assembly, the senators decided in March 1902 to decertify Democrat Joseph Martin Emmert of district eighteen and replace Emmert with Republican James E. Bruce, thus flipping the seat from Democratic to Republican control. Therefore, going into Election Day in 1903, Republicans held an advantage of 40 seats to Democrats' 10 seats.


1903 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 16 Senate seats.


1903 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1903 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 42 seats and Democrats having 8 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for Republicans).


1903 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1903 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their second season under head coach A. W. Ristine, the Cyclones compiled an 8–1 record, shut out five of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 202 to 59. Preston Daniels was the team captain. The only loss of the year was to eventual National Champions Minnesota.


1903 Iowa State Cyclones football team
Between 1892 and 1913, the football team played on a field that later became the site of the university's Parks Library. The field was known as State Field; when the new field opened in 1914, it became known as "New State Field". season results table


1903 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1903 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1903. Incumbent Republican Albert B. Cummins defeated Democratic nominee J. B. Sullivan with 57.14% of the vote.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots
The 1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots refers to a series of events that led to the massacre of Baháʼí's in the city of Isfahan in Qajar Iran. The events were centered on the Russian consulate in the city.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
As early as the 1840s, there had been anti-Bábi and later anti-Baháʼí riots in Iran. These sorts of persecution happened in some cities more than others due to involvement of religious leaders or the visibility of Bábi and Baháʼí communities. In addition to the city of Yazd, Isfahan had often been plagued by such riots. In 1903, during one of these episodic attacks, Baháʼí's tried to take sanctuary in the Russian consulate in Isfahan. The attacks, which took place over an eight-month period (1902-1903), had been prompted by the visit of Qajar prince Mirza Abol-Hasan Khan Shaykh ol-Ra'is to Isfahan. In addition to being a prince of Iran's ruling dynasty, Shaykh ol-Ra'is was also a mojtahed and one of the most renowned clerics at the time.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
When Shaykh ol-Ra'is approached Isfahan, two wealthy Isfahani Baháʼí's, namely Agha Mohammad Javad who was the sarraf, i.e., "money lender" of the treasury and Mirza Ali Khan, the treasury's accountant (mostowfi) were in his service. However, the most renowned cleric of Isfahan, Agha Najafi, and other mojtaheds ignored and disrespected him. Agha Mohammad Javad and other sarrafs were also engaged in other Baháʼí matters; they, for example, rescued Baháʼí's from Agha Najafi and his men. To make matters more complicated, Shaykh ol-Ra'is's sermons were considered to be popular during his month of stay in Isfahan, and his presence and preaching provided the members of the Baháʼí community with confidence and renewed activism.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
On 23 May 1903, a large number of Isfahani Baháʼí's, including Agha Mohammad Javad and Mirza Ali Khan, attended the funeral service of another Baháʼí money exchanger, known as Hajji Mohammad Esmail. When Agha Najafi heard about this, he sent a band of theology students (tollab) and vigilantes (lutis) to Agha Mohammad Javad and Mirza Ali Khan. The group of tollabs and lutis managed to catch Agha Mohammad Javad, and he was subsequently detained and tortured. Although without proof, Najafi argued that Javad was a Bábi, and that he had seen him drinking wine two years prior and therefore had to be punished with eighty lashes. Ali Khan had managed to escape.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
On the night of 23 May 1903, the Isfahani Baháʼí's discussed the events and prepared an account for Baronovski, the acting Russian consul in Isfahan. The Russian consul allowed the Baháʼí's to take sanctuary (bast) in the Russian consulate of Isfahan; some 200 Baháʼí's followed the call. The next day, 24 May, Baronovski told Baháʼí's from Abadeh, Najafabad and Seda to take refuge in the consulate as well, and within a short period of time, the number of Baháʼí's in the consulate had increased to 600 or 700.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
From the consulate, petitions were telegraphed to Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1896–1907) in the capital Tehran as well as the prime minister and other state officials. The responses from Tehran were not satisfactory however, and thus Baronovski himself corresponded with Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan, then governor of Isfahan. Zell-e Soltan managed to assure and convince Mirza Ali Khan and other Baháʼí to move out of the consulate on the evening of 27 May 1903. Mirza Ali Khan and Agha Mohammad Javad were then under the protection of Zell-e Soltan, who helped them to escape to Tehran.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
Then, rumors began to spread that Agha Najafi had ordered for the destruction of the Russian consulate and to murder the "Bábi's". On Friday 28 May 1903, some men surrounded the Russian consulate during the night. Mirza Ahmad Khan Fateh ol-Molk, the Iranian foreign office agent (kargozar), brought Agha Najafi to the environs of the consulate and informed the crowd to listen to what Agha Najafi ordered. The men slowly but surely withdrew from the Russian consulate with Najafi telling them gently to go about their own affairs.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
Realizing the change of events, the Russian consul Baronovski moved all the Baháʼí's out of the consulate and told them that he was unable to provide them with additional help. As the excited crowd had not entirely dispersed from the consulate, when the Baháʼí's moved out, they attacked them, and beat them to death. They also stole their belongings. The violence against the Baháʼí's continued for several days, with continued public disorder.


1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots, Context
Many Baháʼí's who had priorly kept a low profile, but now thought that they were in a safe situation to join the Baháʼí refugees, were now easy targets of attack. It would take just two months after these events centered on Isfahan and the Russian consulate for another anti-Baháʼí episode to occur (this time in Yazd).


1903 Italian Football Championship
The 1903 Italian Football Championship season was won by Genoa.


1903 Italian Football Championship, References and sources
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1903 Jamaica hurricane
The 1903 Jamaica hurricane devastated Martinique, Jamaica, and the Cayman Islands in August 1903. The second tropical cyclone of the season, the storm was first observed well east of the Windward Islands on August 6. The system moved generally west-northwestward and strengthened into a hurricane on August 7. It struck Martinique early on August 9, shortly before reaching the Caribbean. Later that day, the storm became a major hurricane. Early on August 11, it made landfall near Morant Point, Jamaica, with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h), with would be the hurricane's maximum sustained wind speed.


1903 Jamaica hurricane
Early on the following day, the storm brushed Grand Cayman at the same intensity. The system weakened before landfall near Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, early on August 13, with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). The system emerging into the Gulf of Mexico early on August 14 after weakening while crossing the Yucatán Peninsula, but failed to re-strengthen. Around 00:00 UTC on August 16, the cyclone made landfall north of Tampico, Tamaulipas, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). The hurricane soon weakened to a tropical storm and dissipated over San Luis Potosí late on August 16.


1903 Jamaica hurricane
In Martinique, hundreds of homes were deroofed in Fort-de-France, while about 5,000 people were left homeless in the villages of Fond, Fourniols, La Haye, Recluce, and Tivoli, all of which were established after the eruption of Mount Pelée in 1902. The hurricane also left extensive damage to crops and eight fatalities. In Jamaica, several communities were completely or nearly destroyed, including Manchioneal, Port Antonio, and Port Maria. Thousands of homes also suffered damage in the capital city of Kingston. Banana crops were devastated so severely that many growers were forced into bankruptcy.


1903 Jamaica hurricane
Numerous ships were wrecked, particularly on the north coast of the island. There were at least 65 deaths and about $10 million (1903 USD) in damage. In the Cayman Islands, more than 200 houses and seven of eight churches on Grand Cayman were destroyed or heavily damaged. Of the 23 ships in the harbor, only the Governor Blake survived. Most of the crews on board those ships were reported killed, but loss of life onshore was minimal. The storm also caused heavy damage on the Yucatán Peninsula. Many ships were wrecked and communications were cut off in several places. In the Tampico area, there was considerable damage to the port and many ships were sunk or driven ashore. Much of the land between Tampico and Cárdenas in San Luis Potosí was submerged due to flooding. In all, the storm is believed to have killed at least 149 people.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Meteorological history
A tropical storm was first observed by a ship about 835 mi (1,345 km) northeast of Cayenne, French Guiana, early on August 6, according to historic weather maps. However, the scarcity of observations means that its genesis may have occurred earlier than this time and been undetected operationally. With initial winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), the system moved generally west-northwestward and strengthened into Category 1 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale about 24 hours later. The first indication of the storm to the east of Barbados was on August 8 via telegraph reports.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Meteorological history
Early on August 9, the cyclone struck Martinique as either a strong Category 1 or a weak Category 2 hurricane. The storm entered the Caribbean shortly thereafter. Around 12:00 UTC, the cyclone intensified into a Category 3 hurricane, becoming the first major hurricane in the Atlantic basin since the second storm of 1900 and the first in the Caribbean since the 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Meteorological history
After 06:00 UTC on August 11, the cyclone struck Jamaica near Morant Point with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). At 06:00 UTC on August 12, while brushing Grand Cayman, the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of the same intensity and a minimum barometric pressure of 958 mbar (28.3 inHg), observed by the Governor Blake. The system weakened to a Category 2 around the time of landfall near Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, early on August 13, with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h).


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Meteorological history
By 12:00 UTC, the storm further weakened to a Category 1, based on the Empirical Inland Wind Decay Model. After crossing the Yucatán Peninsula and emerging into the Gulf of Mexico early on August 14, the hurricane failed to re-strengthen. Around 00:00 UTC on August 16, it made landfall north of Tampico, Tamaulipas, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). The hurricane soon weakened to a tropical storm and dissipated over San Luis Potosí late on August 16.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
Telegraph reports of "a disturbance probably of dangerous strength" approaching Barbados from the east were sent to stations throughout the Lesser Antilles on August 8. Shipping interests in the Gulf of Mexico and in parts of the western Atlantic were alerted daily of the progress of the hurricane until August 14. Additionally, hurricane warnings were issued by the Weather Bureau for Florida and the Gulf Coast of the United States as the storm approached the western Caribbean, due to the possibility of the storm curving northward.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
In the Windward Islands, Martinique suffered the worst damage. At Fort-de-France, hundreds of homes were unroofed. Streets were covered in roof tiles and impassible due to uprooted trees, which tore up the roads. Several vessels were severely damaged. Additionally, the towns of La Trinité, Le Carbet, Le François, Saint-Joseph, and Sainte-Marie "suffered considerably". About 5,000 people were left homeless in the destroyed villages of Fond, Fourniols, La Haye, Recluce, and Tivoli, all established after the eruption of Mount Pelée in 1902. Throughout the island, there was extensive damage to crops. Eight deaths were reported, with one in Fort-de-France and seven in La Trinité.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
The storms severely damaged crops on Dominica, particularly cocoa. After several years of increasing amounts of exported cocoa, there was a decrease of approximately 1.86% in pounds between 1902–03 and 1903–04. In Puerto Rico, there was high winds and heavy rainfall along the north coast of the island.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
The northern shore of Jamaica was devastated, with many ships being washed ashore. There was a storm surge about 20 ft (6.1 m) in height at Falmouth. This implies that the storm surge along Jamaica's northern coast may have reached that height. Numerous ships were also wrecked along the coast. Only six homes remained standing at Port Antonio. The hotel, offices, plantations, and wharves owned by the United Fruit Company were nearly destroyed. Additionally, the company's five vessels were beached, including the Alfred Dumois, Brighton, and Simon Dumois.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
In Port Maria, which was almost obliterated, "it was impossible to find where streets had been after the storm." Homes were destroyed in such a way that "how anyone escaped alive is a mystery." At Manchioneal, all but a few dwellings suffered destruction from the wind or were swept out to sea. The Norwegian steamship Salvatore di Giorgio was swept ashore at Annotto Bay. In the eastern portions of the island, entire villages were demolished, leaving thousands of peasants without shelter or food.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
Thousands of homes were damaged in Kingston, while the electrical works building was deroofed, disabling the machinery. Local railroad traffic and streets cars stopped. Waves damaged wharves and capsized several vessels in the harbor. Some areas on the south side of the island were left completely devoid of crops. Although the western areas of Jamaica were not as devastated as other portions of the island, some banana plantations there were partially destroyed and there was a loss to orange and coffee crops. Throughout Jamaica, devastation to the banana crop was "complete", forcing many growers into bankruptcy. It was estimated that the fruit trade would be paralyzed for as much as a year. Damage reached $10 million and there were at least 65 deaths, while other reports indicate as many as 90 fatalities.