1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
At the Cayman Islands, wind gusts reached as high as 110–120 mph (180–190 km/h). More than 200 houses and seven of eight churches on Grand Cayman were destroyed or heavily damaged. In George Town, a number of dwellings were destroyed. Of the 23 ships in the harbor, only the Governor Blake survived. Most of the crews on board those ships were reported killed but loss of life on shore was minimal. Throughout the islands, all trees and crops were destroyed.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
In Cuba, the hurricane knocked out telegraphic communications in the eastern portions of the island, but the connection to Santiago de Cuba was quickly restored. A number of dwellings were damaged there, some were deroofed, while other homes were reduced to fragments. Pieces of sheet iron also became airborne. East of the city, all small ports received impact from the storm. Cienfuegos was "ravaged by the storm", while extensive damage occurred in Cárdenas and Matanzas. In the outskirts of Havana, thatch houses were blown away. Farther west in Pinar del Río Province, some crops and small buildings were demolished.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
In the Gulf of Mexico, the British steamship Rosina encountered the hurricane. The storm damaged the pipes and smokestacks, ripped out the ventilator, and washed 30,000 oranges into the sea. Additionally, a Greek sailor was swept overboard and presumably drowned. The storm sunk or drove many ships ashore along the Yucatán Peninsula. Communications were disrupted in many areas after telegraph lines fell, while a number of roads were left impassible after trees toppled. In the Tampico area, there was considerable damage to the port and many ships being sunk or driven ashore.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
All of the bridges along Monterey and Mexican Gulf Railroad were destroyed. The roof at the general market was almost completely torn off. Many of the businesses suffered serious losses after rain subsequently poured in the building, with damage reaching at least $4,200 (10,000 pesos). The chamber of commerce building collapsed with people inside, though no injuries or deaths occurred. Much of the land between Tampico and Cárdenas in San Luis Potosí was submerged due to flooding. In Barra, a city in Tamaulipas, the hospital was nearly destroyed, as was the marketplace. In San Luis Potosí, the casino and restaurant in Tamasopo were demolished. Twenty bridges were destroyed in San Luis Potosí. Railroad traffic between San Luis Potosí and Monterrey, the capital of Nuevo León, was completely disrupted.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Impact
Overall, the storm is believed to have killed between 149 and 188 people.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Aftermath
After the storm, thousands in Jamaica were left destitute, without food or shelter. Committees were formed in each parish affected to assess the damage, with Governor Augustus Hemming later visiting the areas of destruction. On September 17, the Parliament of Jamaica passed the Hurricane Loans Law, which provided low interest loans to planters impacted by the storm. The Secretary of State of Jamaica authorized just over $241,000 (50,000 £) to be used for the loans. A total of 2,983 people applied for  a loan, 1,477 of whom were granted.


1903 Jamaica hurricane, Aftermath
During a meeting in Port Antonio, the citizens issued an appeal to Americans for aid, after receiving approval from Governor Hemming. Relief efforts originated both locally and from other British possessions via the West India Committee. The Daily Gleaner newspaper was credited for its efforts in obtaining considerable amounts of food and building materials. Trinidad, then a colony of the United Kingdom, donated almost $5,000 (£1,000).


1903 Japanese general election
General elections were held in Japan on 1 March 1903. The Rikken Seiyūkai party remained the largest in the House of Representatives, winning 175 of the 376 seats, but lost its majority.


1903 Japanese general election, Electoral system
The 376 members of the House of Representatives were elected in 51 multi-member constituencies based on prefectures and cities. Voting was restricted to men aged over 25 who paid at least 10 yen a year in direct taxation.


1903 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1903 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In January 1903, Kansas hired Boss Weeks, who was the quarterback of Fielding H. Yost's 1901 and 1902 "Point-a-Minute" teams at Michigan, as its new head coach. In their only season under Weeks, the Jayhawks compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 118 to 39. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Alpha Brumage was the team captain.


1903 Kansas State Aggies football team
The 1903 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College during the 1903 college football season.


1903 Kentucky Derby
The 1903 Kentucky Derby was the 29th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1903 and offered a purse of $6,000.


1903 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team
The 1903 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team represented Kentucky State College—now known as the University of Kentucky—during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team
The 1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team represented Kentucky University, today known as Transylvania University, during the 1903 college football season. The team claimed a championship of the south. Nash Buckingham rated Kentucky University and Vanderbilt as best in the south.


1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team
A game with Purdue was scheduled; derailed by the Purdue Wreck.


1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team
Former Yale quarterback John de Saulles credited end Lois Thompson as playing "a better end than any man in the South." Later Lexington mayor Hogan Yancey was a star fullback on the team.


1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team, Season summary, Week 7: Indiana
Kentucky University defeated the Indiana Hoosiers 18 to 5. Zora Clevenger scored Indiana's lone touchdown.


1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team, Season summary, Week 7: Indiana
The starting lineup for Kentucky University against Indiana: Simpson (left end), Woodard (left tackle), Ware (left guard), Miller (center), Kelly (right guard), Wallace (right tackle), Thompson (right end), Pyle (quarterback), Cantrill (left halfback), H. Yancey (right halfback), Knight (fullback)


1903 Kentucky University Pioneers football team, Season summary, Week 8: vs. Kentucky State
A fear of riots plagued this contest ever since their second-team played Kentucky State.


1903 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 1903 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1903. Incumbent Democrat J. C. W. Beckham defeated Republican nominee Morris B. Belknap with 52.12% of the vote.


1903 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1903 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 15th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1903 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 29 May 1904, Threecastles won the championship after a 2-10 to 0-05 defeat of Kilmanagh in the first final replay. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in five championship seasons.


1903 Kirksville Osteopath football team
The 1903 Kirksville Osteopath football team was an American football team that represented the American School of Osteopathy, now known as A.T. Still University, in the 1903 college football season.


1903 LSU Tigers football team
The 1903 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU of Louisiana State University during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. 1903 was W. S. Borland's third and final season as LSU head coach as he finished 4–5 for the season (15–7 in all three years as head coach). The 1903 season broke the previous season's record for most games played (seven) with nine games. The Tigers played four home games; three in Baton Rouge and one in New Orleans, but were on the road the rest of the season. For the 1903 season, point values were different from those used in contemporary games. In 1903 a touchdown was worth five points, a field goal was worth five points and a conversion (PAT) was worth one point.


1903 Lafayette football team
The 1903 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its first season season under head coach Alfred E. Bull, the team compiled a 7–3 record. John Ernst was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1903 Lake Forest Foresters football team
The 1903 Lake Forest football team was an American football team that represented Lake Forest College in the 1903 college football season. In Clarence Herschberger's 2nd season as head coach, the foresers compiled a 6–1 record, and outscored their opponents 103 to 67. Lake Forest's only loss was against a Notre Dame team that had successfully executed an undefeated and unscored upon season, compiling an 8–0–1 record and outscored their opponents 291 to 0.


1903 Latrobe Athletic Association season
The 1903 Latrobe Athletic Association season was their eighth season in existence. It was a low profile season for Latrobe. The team  finished 9-0. Latrobe laid claim to the western Pennsylvania championship after the undefeated season. However, the Franklin Athletic Club was generally considered the 1903 U.S. Pro Football Champions, even though they had refused to play Latrobe.


1903 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1903 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its second season under head coach Samuel B. Newton, the team compiled a 9–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 331 to 45.


1903 Lewisham by-election
The Lewisham by-election, 1903 was a by-election held on 15 December 1903 for the British House of Commons constituency of Lewisham.


1903 Lewisham by-election
The by-election was triggered by the death of the serving Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), John Penn.


1903 Lewisham by-election
The Unionist candidate was Major Edward Coates. The Liberal Party candidate was James William Cleland.


1903 Lewisham by-election
As with the Dulwich by-election held on the same day, the main issue was tariff reform and Joseph Chamberlain's proposals for Imperial Preference. A factor which made the result of the by election difficult to predict was that the seat had not been contested since 1892 and in that time the population had doubled in size. The additional residents, according to the Times, were mainly "City men, with comparatively small incomes".


1903 Lewisham by-election
In the event, the result was a comfortable win for the Unionist candidate.


1903 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia in 1903. In the presidential election Arthur Barclay of the True Whig Party was elected. He defeated former President William D. Coleman, who ran on the People's Party ticket. Barclay took office on 4 January 1904


1903 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Monday 2 November 1903.


1903 Liverpool City Council election
Wavertree West was a new ward with 1 seat elected.


1903 Liverpool City Council election
All three seats in each of the Wavertree and West Derby wards were contested.


1903 Liverpool City Council election
This was the first Liverpool City Council election that the Liverpool Protestant Party took part. Protestant candidates stood in four wards, Breckfield, Garston, Kirkdale and St. Domingo. Three of these wards, Garston, Kirkdale and St. Domingo returned Protestant councillors.


1903 Liverpool City Council election
Of the 38 seats up for election, 14 were not contested.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, Election result
In view of the significant number of uncontested seats (14 of 38), these statistics should be taken in that context.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results
Comparisons are made with the 1900 election results, as the retiring councillors were elected in that year.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections
The Council (Councillors and Aldermen) elected Councillor William Edward Willink (Conservative, Prince's Park, elected 1 November 1901) as an Alderman for the new ward of Wavertree West on 9 November 1903


1903 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections
Councillor Jacob Reuben Grant (Conservative, Walton, elected 1 November 1901) was elected by the Council as an alderman for the new ward of Old Swan on 9 November 1903.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 3A Walton, 19 November 1903
Caused by the election by the Council of Councillor Jacob Reuben Grant (Conservative, Walton, elected 1 November 1901) as an alderman for the new ward of Old Swan on 9 November 1903.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 29 Aigburth, 19 November 1903
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Arthur Twiss Kemble (Conservative, Aigburth, elected unopposed 1 November 1902) which was reported to the Council on 9 November 1903.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 23 Prince's Park, 24 November 1903
Caused by the election by the Council of Councillor William Edward Willink (Conservative, Prince's Park, elected 1 November 1901) as an Alderman on 9 November 1903.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 11 Kensington, 16 December 1903
Caused by the election to Alderman of Councillor Edward Burns (Conservative, Kensington, elected 2 November 1903).


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 18 Castle Street, 16 December 1903
Caused by the election as alderman of Councillor John Lawrence (Conservative, Castle Street, elected 1 November 1902)


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 21 Abercomby, 19 January 1904
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Dr. Charles Alexander Hill (Conservative, Abercromby, elected 2 November 1903) was reported to the Council on 6 January 1904


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 3A Walton, 26 February 1904
Caused by the resignation of Councillor John Brunswick (Conservative, Walton, elected 2 November 1903) which was reported to the Council on 10 February 1904.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 29 Aigburth, 26 February 1904
Caused by the election as an alderman of Councillor Robert Alfred Hampson (Conservative, Aigburth, elected 19 November 1903)


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 17 St. Anne's, 17 May 1904
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Julius Jacobs (Conservative, St. Anne's, elected 1 November 1902).


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 17 St. Anne's, 17 May 1904
The term of office to expire on 1 November 1905.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6 Breckfield, 26 May 1904
Caused by Councillor John Duncan (Conservative, Breckfield. elected 2 November 1903) being elected as an alderman.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6 Breckfield, 26 May 1904
The term of office to expire on 1 November 1906.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9 Everton, 15 June 1904
Following the death of Alderman John Lawrence, Councillor William Oulton (Liberal Unionist, Everton, elected 1 November 1901) was elected as an alderman.


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 16 Exchange, 6 October 1904
Councillor Alexander Allan Paton (Liberal, Exchange, elected 15 June 1903) died 8 September 1903


1903 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 28A Old Swan, 18 October 1904
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Thomas Utley (Liberal, West Derby, elected 1 November 1902), which was reported to the Council on 5 October 1904.


1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election
The 1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 20 January 1903 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Samuel Wasse Higginbottom. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Watson Rutherford.


1903 Livingstone football team
The 1903 Livingstone football team represented Livingstone College in the 1903 college football season as an independent. Results may be incomplete, but Livingstone played in at least three games, winning each. An article by The Charlotte Observer stated that "Livingstone has defeated all comers this year, and claims the championship of the colored colleges of the state."


1903 Los Angeles Angels season
The 1903 Los Angeles Angels season was part of the first season of the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The Los Angeles Angels had begun play in 1901 in the California League, joined the new league upon its inception, and won the first PCL pennant with a 133–78 record. Los Angeles won its first 15 games of the season and was never out of first place. They were the only team in the league to finish above .500. The team, frequently referred to as the Loo-Loos in its early years, played its home games at Chutes Park, an amusement park south of downtown Los Angeles.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season
In 2003, the 1903 Angels were selected by a panel of minor league experts as the fifth best team in the PCL's 100-year history. The team was also selected by Minor League Baseball as the 29th best team in minor league history.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Frank Dillon was the team's manager and first baseman. He compiled a .364 batting average and led the PCL with 274 hits. The Angels' lead over its PCL opponents was so large that Dillon was able to leave the team late in August to be married and enjoy a honeymoon.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Center fielder Dummy Hoy, at age 41, appeared in every game for the Angels and led the PCL with 157 runs scored. He was the most accomplished deaf player in baseball history, having played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1889 to 1902. Hoy set major league records for career putouts (3,958) and total chances (4,625) by an outfielder. After the 1903 season, he retired from professional baseball.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Right fielder Gavvy Cravath, at age 22, led the team with seven home runs. Cravath remained with the Angels through the 1907 season, then played 11 seasons in the majors, leading the National League in home runs six times between 1913 and 1919.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Second baseman George Wheeler appeared in 198 games, including 12 games a pitcher in which he compiled an 8–1 win–loss record and team-best 1.92 earned run average.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Position players
Third baseman Jud Smith led the PCL in both assists and total chances.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Pitchers
Pitcher Joe Corbett, the younger brother of world heavyweight boxing champion James J. Corbett, won 23 games and led the PCL with 150 strikeouts and eight shutouts. Corbett also appeared as an infielder and outfielder and was the team's second best hitter with a .336 batting average.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Pitchers
Two pitchers won at least 30 games: Doc Newton (34–12) and Warren "Rusty" Hall (32–19). Newton had played in the majors from 1900 to 1902 and threw the first no-hitter in PCL history on November 8, 1903. The only two hitters to reach first base did so on fielding errors. Hall was a workhorse who appeared in 53 games and pitched 468 innings.


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; AVG = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage


1903 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Winning percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1903 Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Industrial Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach W. M. Robb, the team compiled a 1–1 record.


1903 Ludlow by-election
The Ludlow by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.


1903 Ludlow by-election, Vacancy
Robert Jasper More had been Liberal Unionist MP for the seat of Ludlow since the 1892 General Election. He died on 25 November 1903 at the age of 67.


1903 Ludlow by-election, Electoral history
The seat had been Liberal Unionist since they gained it in 1886. They held the seat at the last election, unopposed. The last occasion a Liberal had stood was in 1892 when the Unionists won easily;


1903 Ludlow by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was fixed for the 22 December, just 27 days after the previous MP died.


1903 Major League Baseball season
The 1903 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 16 through October 13, 1903. The Pittsburgh Pirates and the Boston Americans were the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. The Americans then defeated the Pirates in the first modern World Series, five games to three.


1903 Major League Baseball season
The original Baltimore Orioles relocated to New York City and became the New York Highlanders; it was the last relocation of a major league franchise until 1953. The Chicago Orphans were renamed as the Chicago Cubs.


1903 Major League Baseball season, "Battle of Ohio"
The Cincinnati Reds and Cleveland Naps played an unofficial best of 11-game exhibition series after the regular season, with Cleveland winning the series six games to three.


1903 Major League Baseball season, League Leaders
Note: AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Walks; SO = Strike outs; SB = Stolen bases; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; CG = Complete games; SH = Shutouts; IP = Innings pitched; K = Strike outs


1903 Manitoba general election
The 1903 Manitoba general election was held on July 20, 1903 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.


1903 Manitoba general election
The result was a second consecutive majority government for the Conservative Party of Manitoba, now led by Premier Rodmond Roblin. Roblin's electoral machine won a landslide thirty-two seats, while the opposition Manitoba Liberal Party under former premier Thomas Greenway won only eight. The Winnipeg Labour Party also contested two constituencies.


1903 Manzikert earthquake
The 1903 Manzikert earthquake struck Manzikert of nowadays Muş Province in eastern Turkey on 28 April. Registering a surface wave magnitude of 7.0, the earthquake originated from a highly active seismic zone. It killed 3,500 people and 20,000 animals, destroyed 12,000 homes, and is now listed among Turkey's deadliest earthquakes in recorded history. To this day, Turkey is threatened by major earthquakes – more than 100 earthquakes over 7.0 have taken place in the country's known history.


1903 Manzikert earthquake, Geology
The country of Turkey is situated on a highly active section of the Eurasian Plate boundary. The country is mainly mountainous, approximately 85 percent of the country is at an elevation of 450 m (1,476 ft) or more. The entire country lies within a zone of active deformation known as the Alpide belt. This zone of continental collision reaches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Himalaya Mountains and beyond; dating back to the Paleogene period. It has formed due to convergent movement between the Arabian, African, and Indian continental plates and the Eurasian plate.


1903 Manzikert earthquake, Geology
The Anatolian Plate is currently being squeezed out to the west by the ongoing collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian Plate, bounded to the southeast by the East Anatolian Fault and to the north by the North Anatolian Fault. To the east of the junction of these two faults, the Arabian Plate is in direct collision with the Eurasian Plate. This area is characterised by thrust faulting and was the area in which the 1903 event occurred.


1903 Manzikert earthquake, Damage and casualties
Among the world's deadliest earthquakes, the earthquake caused 3,500 direct fatalities. 12,000 homes were devastated. 20,000 animals (other than humans) were killed in the epicentral region of Manzikert-Patnos. Damage to a lesser extent reached Erzurum and Bitlis. On August 6, additional damage took place and people were injured when an aftershock rocked the same region.


1903 Manzikert earthquake, Threat
Major earthquakes have taken place in the region as early as 411 B.C. In the 20th century, 58 major destructive earthquakes took place – in total, they have killed more than 100,000 people, injured 150,000, and desolated approximately 420,000 homes and buildings. More than 100 earthquakes of magnitude 7 or greater have taken place in the country historically.


1903 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1903 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall College (now Marshall University) in the 1903 college football season. Marshall posted a 3–1–1 record, outscoring its opposition 37–25. Home games were played on a campus field called "Central Field" which is presently Campus Commons.


1903 Maryland Aggies football team
The 1903 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (later part of the University of Maryland) in the 1903 college football season. In their second season under head coach D. John Markey, the Aggies compiled a 7–4 record and outscored their opponents, 104 to 64.


1903 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1903 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1903.


1903 Maryland gubernatorial election
Democratic candidate Edwin Warfield defeated Republican candidate Stevenson A. Williams.


1903 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1903 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1903 college football season. The team was coached by James Halligan and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1903 season was Halligan's last as head coach of the Aggies. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 5–4.


1903 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1903 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1903. Incumbent Republican Governor John L. Bates was re-elected to a second term, defeating Democratic nominee William A. Gaston and Socialist John C. Chase in a rematch of the 1902 election.


1903 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Bibliography
This Massachusetts-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1903 Massachusetts legislature
The 124th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1903 during the governorship of John L. Bates. George R. Jones served as president of the Senate and James J. Myers served as speaker of the House.


1903 Massillon Tigers season
The 1903 Massillon Tigers football season  was their first season in existence. The team finished with a record of 8–1 and won the Ohio League championship. The Tigers began as an amateur team, however after their roster was decimated by injuries, the team paid several professional football players from western Pennsylvania to play for them against the Akron East Ends for the championship game. The Tigers would remain a professional team for the rest of their existence.


1903 Memphis Egyptians season
The 1903 Memphis Egyptians season represented the Memphis Egyptians baseball team in the Southern Association and won their first league pennant. The team played its games at Russwood Park. The team was managed by Charlie Frank. The Egyptians were led by pitcher Harry McIntire. Perry Werden led the league in home runs with 8. The team also included pitcher Ted Breitenstein. Both Frank and Breitenstein left for New Orleans next season.


1903 Memphis Egyptians season
Frank was accused of inducing Atlanta to throw the final series with Memphis. After the season Little Rock defeated Memphis 3 games to 2 in a best of 5 series.


1903 Mercer Baptists football team
The 1903 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. They finished with a record of 0–1 and were defeated 0–46 in their only contest.


1903 Mercer Bears baseball team
The 1903 Mercer Bears baseball team represented the Mercer Bears  in the 1903 college baseball season. The team was coached by Cy Young.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season
The 1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season was the 30th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. It was the fourth season run for clubs that represented a district. Eight clubs (seven representing a district, the remaining club representing Sydney University) competed from May till August 1903. The season culminated in the fourth district premiership, which was won by Eastern Suburbs. Eastern Suburbs were crowned premiers by virtue of finishing the season on top of the table.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Teams
Eight clubs contested the season; seven clubs representing a district and one club representing Sydney University.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Teams
Formed on 23 March 1900Ground: North Sydney OvalCaptain: Jack O'Donnell


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Season Summary
The success of Eastern Suburbs in the 1903 Sydney Rugby Premiership was popular with the football public. This was mostly due to the fact that the club were first-time winners and played the game in a sporting fashion. The team displayed excellent defence, letting in only eight tries during the season. Eastern Suburbs opened the season by defeating Glebe by 4 points to 3, and that victory proved a highly important one to both teams, as, at the close, there was one competition point between them. From start to finish of the season, Eastern Suburbs either held the leading position or shared the lead with another club.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Season Summary
Glebe, who finished second, were the only team who scored at least one try in every match. The club finished strongly by winning the last 6 rounds of the season. As a pack they were superior to that of any other team, excepting Eastern Suburbs. At no time did they equal the best of their form in other seasons.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Season Summary
After a bit of a slow start to the season, Newtown began to display outstanding brilliance in attack. This led them to move quickly up the ladder and finish the season in a strong third place. Newtown were the most brilliant all-round team in the competition, yet lacked that solidity.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Season Summary
At the conclusion of the season, the Rugby world saw the shock death of another of their players. Wallace Millican, three-quarter for Newtown, died of blood poisoning on 30 August after spending most of the week confined to his bed. Millican was 21 years old and hugely popular amongst the Newtown followers.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Lower Grades
The MRFU also conducted Second Grade and Boroughs competitions this season.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Lower Grades, Second Grade
Ten teams participated in the Second Grade competition: the eight First Grade clubs entered a team each, in addition two Boroughs clubs, Willoughby and Manly, were permitted to each enter a team. The season concluded with Newtown undefeated at the top of the table by a margin of 8 points. They were therefore declared premiers.


1903 Metropolitan Rugby Union season, Lower Grades, Boroughs Competition
Seventeen teams participated in the Boroughs Competition. The teams were split into two divisions of nine teams. In Division A was North Sydney, Willoughby, Mosman, Manly, East Sydney, Surrey Hills, Redfern, Balmain and Gipps. In Division B was Newtown, University, Waterloo, Rockdale, Glebe, Annandale, Leichhardt and Ashfield. At the end of the regular games, North Sydney finished at the top of Division A and Glebe finished at the top of Division B. The final saw Gipps beat Balmain 11 points to 6 to take the premiership.


1903 Miami Redskins football team
The 1903 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1903 college football season. Under head coach Peter McPherson, Miami compiled a 1–4 record.


1903 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1903 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1903 college football season. In their first year under head coach Chester Brewer, the Aggies compiled a 6–1–1 record and outscored their opponents 178 to 24.


1903 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1903 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal College (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1903 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Hunter Forest, the Normalites compiled a record of 4–4 and were outscored by a combined total of 88 to 78. Guy E. Bates was the team captain.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1903 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1903 college football season. The team's head football coach was Fielding H. Yost. The Wolverines played their home games at Regents Field. The 1903 team compiled a record of 11–0–1 and outscored opponents 565 to 6. The only points allowed came on a touchdown in a 6–6 tie with Minnesota. All eleven wins were shutouts. The 1903 Michigan team was the third of Yost's "Point-a-Minute" teams and has been recognized retrospectively as a co-national champion  by the National Championship Foundation.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team
The team captain was Curtis Redden, and the high scorer was fullback Tom Hammond who scored 163 points. Halfback Willie Heston was the only member of the team selected as a first-team All-American, receiving the honor from both Walter Camp in Collier's Weekly and Caspar Whitney in Outing magazine.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Pre-season, Controversy
Before the start of the 1903 season, Michigan became involved in controversy over amateurism in college football. In April 1903, David Starr Jordan, the president of Stanford University, accused Michigan coach Fielding Yost of sinning against the spirit of amateur athletics. Jordan's accusations focused on two players, George W. Gregory and Willie Heston, both of whom had come to Michigan from California with Coach Yost in 1901. The Detroit Free Press reported in early September 1903 that the two might opt not to return to the University of Michigan when classes resumed.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Pre-season, Controversy
A report issued by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools in April 1903 advocated stricter regulation to protect the amateur nature of the games. Although the report contained only passing references to the University of Michigan, the Chicago Record-Herald devoted much of its coverage to attacks on amateurism at the University of Michigan. The Michigan Alumnus expressed concern that football posed a danger "to the minds and morals of the players and their fellow-students." It published an open letter to Coach Yost on the evils of recruiting in college football. The open letter advocated the adoption of a one-year residency rule requiring a year of satisfactory scholarship for all players on college teams. Professor Albert Pattengill, chairman of Michigan's Board of Control of Athletics, defended Yost:


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Pre-season, Controversy
"In justice to Mr. Yost it must be said that the greatest sin we can lay at his door is that for two seasons he has led Michigan's team to victory. He is a man of good personal habits, and enthusiastic in his work. He exercises a wholesome influence over the young men under him. . . . We have made many inquiries, and have not heard from any sources anything to give cause for uneasiness. . . .


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Pre-season, Training camp and pre-season expectations
Although Michigan's football training camp had previously been held at Whitmore Lake, Yost moved the team's pre-season camp to the Epworth Hotel in Epworth Heights, a summer resort located three miles from Ludington, Michigan. Yost hoped that the northern location would allow the team to practice away from the September heat. Training camp opened on September 14, 1903, and was attended by 25 players, Yost, and trainer Keene Fitzpatrick. While in Ludington, the Michigan players played a baseball game against the local team and attended a dance at the Stearns Hotel in downtown Ludington. The locals were surprised when the guests of honor left the dance at 10:05 pm, under orders from Keene Fitzpatrick. The squad returned to Ann Arbor on September 26 and joined a separate body of recruits training under the direction of assistant coach Dan McGugin.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Pre-season, Training camp and pre-season expectations
At the start of the 1903 season, there were concerns about the team's lack of experience. Most of the starters from the 1902 team had been lost, including the team's two leading scorers (Albert E. Herrnstein and James E. Lawrence), its starting quarterback (Boss Weeks), and four of the starting linemen (Everett Sweeley, Dan McGugin, "King" Cole, and "Babe" Carter). Adding to the problems, the 1902 team's starting fullback (Paul Jones) suffered a nearly deadly attack of typhoid fever in early 1903 and was unable to return to the team.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Pre-season, Training camp and pre-season expectations
The most promising new players on the 1903 squad included Joe Curtis, a 212-pounder from Pueblo, Colorado, Tom Hammond, a fullback from Hyde Park, Illinois, and John Garrels, a speedster from Detroit who went on to win the silver medal in the 110 meter hurdles at the 1908 Summer Olympics. With only eight veterans returning team captain Curtis Redden wrote that "[n]o season in the history of Michigan football has opened with a gloomier outlook" than that of 1903. The Michigan Alumnus opined that a repetition of the extraordinary scores of 1902 was too much to expect, but expressed hope that the 1903 team would be able to "cope honorably" with its "most dreaded rivals," Chicago and Minnesota.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 31, Case 0
The season opener  was played on October 3, 1903, in weather that was described as "excessively warm for football." The game was played in 20-minute halves and matched Michigan against Case Scientific School. Willie Heston scored three touchdowns in the game, including one on a 45-yard run. Tom Hammond also scored two touchdowns, and Hal Weeks scored after substituting for Heston at left halfback in the second half. Michigan converted only one of six point after touchdown attempts, and the team's punting and goal-kicking were described as "sad failures."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 76, Albion 0
The second game of the 1903 season was played on Thursday, October 8, against Albion College. In a game that consisted of 27-1/2 minutes (first half of 20 minutes, second half of 7-1/2 minutes), Michigan scored 76 points. The Wolverines failed to score on only one drive, and were stopped inside Albion's five-yard line on that drive. Albion converted only two first downs in the game. Tom Hammond led the scoring with 35 points on five touchdowns and 10 successful point after touchdown kicks. Willie Heston added three touchdowns, and single touchdowns were added by Herb Graver, Roswell Wendell, Fred Norcross, and Rolla Bigelow.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 79, Beloit 0
Two days after the Albion game, Michigan faced Beloit. In 45 minutes of football (first half of 25 minutes, second half of 20 minutes), Michigan scored 79 points. The Michigan Alumnus praised the team effort on offense and singled out Gooding who "once carried Heston over the line for a touchdown." Curtis Redden was also praised for his blocking and for his clever play in recovering and returning a Beloit fumble in the second half. Willie Heston and Fred Norcross led the scoring with five and three touchdowns, respectively. The Michigan Alumnus noted, "Time after time Heston and Norcross, aided by good blocking, sprinted long distances for touchdowns."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 79, Beloit 0
Through the first three games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 186 points in 112 1⁄2 minutes of play. The Detroit Free Press noted that Yost's team narrowly missed averaging two points per minute against Beloit.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 65, Ohio Normal 0
On Wednesday, October 14, 1903, Michigan played Ohio Normal from Ada, Ohio. In 34 minutes of football (first half of 20 minutes, second half of 14 minutes), Michigan scored 65 points. Duncan Thompson, starting at the right halfback position, led the scoring with four touchdowns. The "most stirring" play of the game was a 75-yard touchdown run "through the whole Ohio team" by Fred Norcross. Ohio Normal's longest gain was a seven-yard run. The Michigan Alumnus noted that the Wolverines' play was "at times over-zealous and severe penalties for foul interference and off-side resulted."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 65, Ohio Normal 0
Through the first four games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 251 points in 146 1⁄2 minutes of play.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 51, Indiana 0
Three days after its mid-week contest against Ohio Normal, the Wolverines played Indiana on October 17, 1901. In the season's first full-length game (two halves of 25 minutes), Michigan outscored Indiana 51 to 0. Despite the lopsided score, The Michigan Alumnus complained that certain features of the team's play were "most unsatisfactory," including fumbles and a lack of versatility in the team's offensive play. Curtis Redden was credited with the "prettiest run of the day" for recovering a half-blocked punt and returning it 65 yards for Michigan's third touchdown. Tom Hammond scored 21 points in the game on two touchdowns, 6 point after touchdown kicks, and a field goal.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 51, Indiana 0
Through the first five games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 302 points in 196 1⁄2 minutes of play.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 88, Ferris Institute 0
In another mid-week game, Michigan defeated the team from the Ferris Institute in Big Rapids, Michigan, by a score of 88 to 0. The Wolverines added to their "Point-a-Minute" margin by scoring 88 points in only 30 minutes of play (first half of 20 minutes, second half of 10 minutes). The Ferris team was held to an "aggregate of gains" of only eight yards. The Michigan Alumnus described the game as a mismatch: "The visitors were hopelessly outclassed in weight and experience, but under these trying conditions did the best they could." Willie Heston did not play in the game, and Tom Hammond was the leading scorer for the second consecutive week with 23 points on three touchdowns and eight point after touchdown kicks.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 88, Ferris Institute 0
Through the first six games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 390 points in 226 1⁄2 minutes of play.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 47, Drake 0
Michigan's game against Drake on October 24, 1903, was described at the time as "the most exciting contest seen on Ferry Field this year." With Willie Heston was on the sidelines, the Wolverines failed to score a point-a-minute for the first time in 1903, scoring 47 points in 55 minutes of play (first half of 30 minutes, second half of 25 minutes). In the first half, Drake held Michigan to only 18 points.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 47, Drake 0
Drake came close to scoring the first points of the year against Michigan after its fullback, Kintz, ran for 25 yards, and an off-side penalty (resulting in a 20-yard penalty) brought the ball within reach of Michigan's goal. Drake's left guard, Stewart, attempted a field goal, but missed by "the narrowest of margins." Right tackle Joe Maddock led the scoring with three touchdowns in the game.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 47, Drake 0
Through the first seven games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 437 points in 281 1⁄2 minutes of play.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
The eighth game of the season matched Michigan against Minnesota in a game played at Northrop Field in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The New York Times reported that the match, "one of the most desperate football games seen in the West in years," was witnessed by "fully 30,000 spectators." The game ended in a 6–6 tie, the first time in the Yost era that Michigan had not achieved a victory. During the first half, Minnesota outgained Michigan 155 yards to 60 yards. The Michigan defense held, and the first half ended in a scoreless tie.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
With 15 minutes remaining in the game, Michigan sustained a 65-yard drive culminating with a touchdown by right tackle Joe Maddock. On the drive that followed, the Michigan line was "unable to sustain Schacht's fierce line smashes," and Minnesota tied the game with a touchdown run by its fullback, Boeckmann, and Rogers kicked the point after touchdown. Although approximately two minutes remained in the game, Minnesota fans surged onto the field, and the game had to be ended early. The Detroit Free Press described the scene as follows:


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
"Time was not up by a few minutes, but the crowd surged onto the field and time was called, as it would have been impossible to have cleared the gridiron in time to resume play before daylight had faded entirely away."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
When the Michigan team returned to Ann Arbor on November 1, the players were greeted by a crowd of 5,000 singing and yelling at the depot. The crowd attached ropes to a bus and towed the team to campus while continuing with organized songs and yells. At a rally near the law building, Willie Heston told the crowd that the Minnesota players were "the roughest lot of sluggers I ever went up against." Heston's right eye was nearly swollen shut, and his nose bore "marks of terrific smashes."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
Joe Maddock added, "I don't know how many times I was hit and kicked, but I think I got at least twenty blows on the back of my neck." The Michigan Alumnus complained about "the unsportsmanlike spirit" manifested by some Minnesota players and opined that the Minnesota fans who surged onto the field had responded to "an impulse which does more credit to their enthusiasm than their love of fair play." The Detroit Free Press condemned "the muckerish tactics of the crowd and the pugilistic efforts of the Gophers."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
Several in attendance reported that Minnesota assistant coach Pudge Heffelfinger had been heard yelling from the sidelines, "Kill off Heston in the first ten minutes, or you'll lose." The crowd reportedly picked up the comment and responded with the yell, "Kill off Heston." The game's umpire, Henry Clark, was selected by Minnesota, and he came under heavy criticism from Michigan loyalists for failing to call Minnesota for its rough play.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
The Minnesota game generated gross gate receipts of $30,933.50. After deducting expenses, Michigan's share was $13,000. Yost defended his team's performance upon his return to Ann Arbor. Pulling a criss-crossed chart from his pocket, Yost walked through the progress of the game with reporters. Even though Minnesota outgained Michigan in the first half, Yost said:


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
"Why, they never had the ball inside our 30-yard line but once during the first half, and it was just inside at that time. The goal was never in danger because our boys played a scientific defensive game and kept the ball in the air part of the time, where it belonged. We had good headwork as well as beef, and I do not think it is fair to Michigan to say that she was outplayed in the first half.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
The touchdown the Minnesota boys made was made after dark, when nobody could see the ball, and of course that prevented us from stopping them. Also, the field was crowned. I am confident, however, that we have the better team. That man Gooding and Heston played a wonderful game, and all the boys did, for that matter. I have no fault to find with anyone."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6
Through the first eight games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 443 points and had played between 329 and 349 minutes.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6, Little Brown Jug
The 1903 game against Minnesota also gave rise to the tradition of the two teams' playing for the Little Brown Jug. When the Michigan team arrived in Minneapolis, Yost reportedly instructed student manager Thomas B. Roberts to purchase a water jug. Roberts purchased a five-gallon jug for 30¢ from a local variety store. In the chaos that ensued when the Minnesota crowd rushed onto the field, the Wolverines left the jug behind. Thomas Roberts, writing in 1956, stated that the jug had served its purpose, so he intentionally left it sitting on the field.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 6, Minnesota 6, Little Brown Jug
The next day, custodian Oscar Munson brought the jug to L. J. Cooke, head of the Minnesota athletics department. Cooke and Munson painted the jug brown and wrote on it,  "Michigan Jug – Captured by Oscar, October 31, 1903." According to legend, Yost sent a letter asking for the jug to be returned, and Cooke wrote in response: "We have your little brown jug; if you want it, you'll have to win it." Yost returned with his team in 1909 to reclaim the jug, and the two teams have awarded the jug to the winner of their annual rivalry game.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 36, Ohio State 0
After suffering its first setback since the 1900 season, Michigan returned to Ann Arbor for a November 7 game against Ohio State. The Wolverines defeated the Buckeyes 36 to 0. On the opening drive, Herb Graver had runs of 30 and 20 yards, the latter resulting in the game's first touchdown. Within the game's first five minutes, Michigan had scored its second touchdown. Graver scored Michigan's third touchdown on a 30-yard run, but the Ohio State defense grew more stubborn. The first half ended with a score of 36 to 0. The Michigan Alumnus credited Gregory's work on the line and long runs by Herb Graver with Michigan's edge in the first half. Graver led the Michigan scoring with five first half touchdowns, good for 25 points.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 36, Ohio State 0
Michigan drove to the Ohio State five-yard line on the opening drive of the second half, but lost the ball on a fumble. Later in the second half, Jones of Ohio recovered a fumble by Fred Norcross, and ran the ball over a clear field toward the Michigan goal. Curtis Redden caught up with Jones and tackled him at Michigan's 20-yard line. ' "The Michigan Alumnus" cited Redden as having on several occasions been "the one saving element in Michigan's defense." No points were scored by either team in the second half, as "the men from Columbus played the Varsity to a standstill." The game consisted of 55 minutes of playing time – a 30-minute first half and a 25-minute second half.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 36, Ohio State 0
Through the first nine games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 479 points and had played between 386 and 406 minutes.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 16, Wisconsin 0
On November 14, 1903, Michigan played Wisconsin in a game starting at 2:00 pm on Ferry Field. Michigan won the game, played in 35-minute halves, by a score of 16 to 0. The New York Times called it "one of the cleanest football games every played here." Although Michigan outgained Wisconsin 165 yards to 55 yards and kept the ball "almost constantly in Wisconsin's territory," the first half ended in a scoreless tie.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 16, Wisconsin 0
Michigan continued to have difficulty reaching Wisconsin's goal in the second half and relied on Tom Hammond to kick two field goals, good for five points each under 1903 rules. Hammond's first field goal came on a place-kick from the 24-yard line. The snap to James was high, but he placed it accurately and "Hammond made as beautiful a field goal as was ever seen on any grounds." Hammond's final field goal came on "a marvelous place-kick from Wisconsin's 45-yard line."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 16, Wisconsin 0
Herb Graver accounted for Michigan's only long runs, and the sole touchdown was scored by Joe Maddock on a "mass play" from the five-yard line. The Michigan Alumnus noted that the game was marked by "thorough sportsmanship" and played in "propitious weather" in front of a crowd of approximately 8,0000 estimated to be the second largest ever assembled at Ferry Field. The Alumnus also offered the following comparison with Yost's 1902 team: "It was the impression of many alumni who were for the first time viewing the men in action, that in speed and certainly the team's offensive play fell somewhat below the standard of last years' eleven."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 16, Wisconsin 0
Through the first ten games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 495 points and had played between 456 and 476 minutes.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 42, Oberlin 0
Michigan played its final home game against Oberlin College. Michigan's starting backfield did not play in the game in order to avoid injuries prior to the Chicago game. In 45 minutes of playing time (first half of 25 minutes, second half of 20 minutes), Michigan scored 42 points. Wolfe, from Hyde Park, Illinois, made his first appearance for Michigan and was credited with the longest run of the game, 25 yards. Joe Curtis led the scoring with 16 points on three touchdowns and a point after touchdown kick. Tom Hammond missed three kicks for field goals. Oberlin had only two first downs in the game. University of Chicago coach Amos Alonzo Stagg attended the game and opined afterward that he picked Michigan as a slight favorite against his own team on Thanksgiving Day.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 42, Oberlin 0
Through the first 11 games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 537 points and had played between 501 and 521 minutes.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
Michigan concluded the 1903 season with its traditional rivalry game in Chicago against Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons. The New York Times reported that the game was attended by a record-setting crowd: "All records for attendance were broken, fully 20,000 enthusiastic spectators braving a heavy snowfall to see the game." Another account placed the attendance at 15,000. The Michigan Alumnus noted that Michigan men regarded Chicago as "their dearest rival," and the Thanksgiving Day game at Marshall Field marked the culmination of the season.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
A blizzard threatened cancellation of the game, but the snow stopped suddenly and the wind died down in the early afternoon. The game was commenced at 2:00 pm after seven or eight inches of snow were cleared from the field.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
Stagg's 1903 team featured three future College Football Hall of Fame inductees: Walter Eckersall at quarterback, Hugo Bezdek at right halfback, and Tiny Maxwell at right tackle. All-American Frederick A. Speik also played at left end for the 1903 Maroons. The two teams were expected to be evenly matched, but the game, played on a snowy and slippery field, proved to be one-sided. Chicago was handicapped by the illness of Coach Stagg who directed the game from a closed carriage where he lay "bundled up in blankets."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
Michigan scored on every drive in the first half, save one, and Chicago made only one first down in the first half. Eckersall's defensive play was praised in accounts of the game, though, on one play, Willie Heston eluded Eckersall "by a well-timed hurdle" for a 20-yard gain. Heston scored two touchdowns, but Tom Hammond was the leading scorer with 13 points on two field goals (five points each) and three point after touchdown kicks. The game was played in halves of 35 and 20 minutes, with the second half being cut short to avoid playing after darkness had fallen.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
Walter Camp attended the game, watching from the sidelines. Camp offered the following comments:


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
"The helping of the men on the Michigan team was high-grade football. Their work at helping the man with the ball was as good as that displayed in any game I have seen this season. This is the first western game I have witnessed this year. I was particularly impressed with the work of Heston as a halfback."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
The Chicago Daily Tribune opened its game coverage, "The premature blizzard which descended on Chicago yesterday made it anything but an ideal football day, but that driving snow storm was gentleness itself compared to what was in store for Chicago's two football elevens." The Detroit Free Press called it "the most severe drubbing ever administered to the Maroons in the history of football of that institution." Noted sports writer Joe S. Jackson wrote: "Chicago was not beaten – it was run over, buffeted about, almost made the sport of its opponents at times . . ."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
The Michigan team was the guest of the Studebaker Theatre the evening after the game.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
At a post-season dinner, Fielding Yost said that he regarded Michigan's play in the Chicago game to be "the best he had ever seen by a Michigan team during his three years here." Michigan's captain, Curtis Redden, opined that the spectators saw "the finest exhibition of speed and team work ever seen in the West."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Game summaries, Michigan 28, Chicago 0
Through all 12 games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 565 points and played between 556 and 576 minutes.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
Prior to the Chicago game, Fielding Yost announced that he had consented to coach the Michigan football team for another year in 1904. The Michigan Alumnus applauded the announcement: "Michigan football teams, under Coach Yost's regime have never lost and have always played fair. Every loyal Michigan man will hail Mr. Yost's decision with delight, and count his stay a guarantee of a fourth season of clean and successful football."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
On December 16, 1903, the team's official portrait was taken, and Willie Heston was elected captain of the 1904 team. That night, local businessmen hosted a dinner for the team. Team captain Redden summarized the 1903 season: "With the poorest prospects and in the face of the greatest obstacles, to achieve the success she did – Michigan may well look back to the season of nineteen hundred and three as one of the most brilliant in her football history."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
The 1903 season saw the final appearance of several players, including Curtis Redden, Joe Maddock, George Gregory, and Herb Graver. Nevertheless, with Willie Heston, Joe Curtis, Tom Hammond, and Fred Norcross returning, The Michigan Alumnus noted that the promise for the 1904 season was good.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season
Cecil Gooding contracted typhoid fever following the Minnesota game in late November 1903. It was believed that he contracted the illness from drinking the water while in Chicago for the game. He died five weeks later. He was the first Michigan Wolverines football player to die while attending the school. Following his death, The Michigan Alumnus wrote: "He had striven conscientiously to perfect himself in the game and earned the respect of coaches, players and spectators. He was a reliable, hard-working guard who never under any circumstances played anything but a sportsmanlike game. He was a man off the field and on."


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season, Ralph Rose controversy
In the spring of 1904, a controversy arose over allegations published in the San Francisco Chronicle that Yost had promised Ralph Rose, a 6-foot, 6-inch, 250-pound athlete from California, a job in the library and membership in a fraternity if he enrolled at Michigan. Yost denied the charges, and The Michigan Alumnus wrote that student positions in the library paid no more than 12 1⁄2 cents per hour, and Rose had received no such job in any event. Nor had he been made a member of any fraternity. In the end, Rose never played for Michigan's football team.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Post-season, Ralph Rose controversy
Despite his size and strength, he lacked the speed to compete effectively in Yost's fast-paced style of football. Instead, Rose competed in the shot put for Michigan, setting a new world's record in May 1904. He went on to win the gold medal in the shot put at the 1904, 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics and died in 1913 from typhoid fever at age 28.


1903 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Varsity letter winners
The following 12 players received varsity "M" letters for their participation on the 1903 football team:


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1903 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 14–0–1 record (3–0–1 against Western Conference opponents), shut out 13 of their 15 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 656 to 12. The team finished the season in a tie with Michigan for the Western Conference co-championship. When Minnesota and Michigan met, the teams played to a tie in a game that gave rise the Little Brown Jug trophy.


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Four Minnesota players were recognized on the 1903 College Football All-America Team. Quarterback Sigmund Harris received first-team honors from Fielding H. Yost and third-team honors from Walter Camp. Tackle Fred Schacht received first-team honors from Caspar Whitney and second-team honors from Camp and Yost. Center Moses Strathern received second-team honors from Camp. And, end Eddie Rogers received third-team honors from Camp.


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
In addition, nine Gophers were honored on the 1903 All-Western college football team: quarterback Sigmund Harris (BM-1, CIO-2, CRH, FL-1, MJ-2, WC); halfbacks James B. Irsfield (BMA, CIO-2, CT, FL-1, MJ-2, WC) and Otto Nelson Davies (BM-2); fullback Earl Current (BM-2); end Edward L. Rogers (BMA, BM-1, CIO-2, FL-1, MJ-1, WC); tackle Fred Schacht (BMA, BM-1, CIO-1, CRH, CT, FL-1, MJ-1, WC); guards Walton Willard Thorp (BM-1, CIO-2, CT, MJ-1) and John B. Warren (BM-2, MJ-2); and center Moses Strathern (BMA, BM-1, CIO-1, CRH, FL-1, MJ-1, WC).


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The eighth game of the season matched Minnesota against Michigan in a game played at Northrop Field in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The New York Times reported that the match, "one of the most desperate football games seen in the West in years," was witnessed by "fully 30,000 spectators." The game ended in a 6–6 tie, the first time in the Yost era that Michigan had not achieved a victory. During the first half, Minnesota outgained Michigan 155 yards to 60 yards. The Michigan defense held, and the first half ended in a scoreless tie.


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
With 15 minutes remaining in the game, Michigan sustained a 65-yard drive culminating with a touchdown by right tackle Joe Maddock. On the drive that followed, the Michigan line was "unable to sustain Schacht's fierce line smashes," and Minnesota tied the game with a touchdown run by its fullback, Boeckmann, and Rogers kicked the point after touchdown. Although approximately two minutes remained in the game, Minnesota fans surged onto the field, and the game had to be ended early. The Detroit Free Press described the scene as follows:


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
"Time was not up by a few minutes, but the crowd surged onto the field and time was called, as it would have been impossible to have cleared the gridiron in time to resume play before daylight had faded entirely away."


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
When the Michigan team returned to Ann Arbor on November 1, the players were greeted by a crowd of 5,000 singing and yelling at the depot. The crowd attached ropes to a bus and towed the team to campus while continuing with organized songs and yells. At a rally near the law building, Willie Heston told the crowd that the Minnesota players were "the roughest lot of sluggers I ever went up against." Heston's right eye was nearly swollen shut, and his nose bore "marks of terrific smashes."


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Joe Maddock added, "I don't know how many times I was hit and kicked, but I think I got at least twenty blows on the back of my neck." The Michigan Alumnus complained about "the unsportsmanlike spirit" manifested by some Minnesota players and opined that the Minnesota fans who surged onto the field had responded to "an impulse which does more credit to their enthusiasm than their love of fair play." The Detroit Free Press condemned "the muckerish tactics of the crowd and the pugilistic efforts of the Gophers."


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Several in attendance reported that Minnesota assistant coach Pudge Heffelfinger had been heard yelling from the sidelines, "Kill off Heston in the first ten minutes, or you'll lose." The crowd reportedly picked up the comment and responded with the yell, "Kill off Heston." The game's umpire, Henry Clark, was selected by Minnesota, and he came under heavy criticism from Michigan loyalists for failing to call Minnesota for its rough play.


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The Minnesota game generated gross gate receipts of $30,933.50. After deducting expenses, Michigan's share was $13,000. Yost defended his team's performance upon his return to Ann Arbor. Pulling a criss-crossed chart from his pocket, Yost walked through the progress of the game with reporters. Even though Minnesota outgained Michigan in the first half, Yost said:


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
"Why, they never had the ball inside our 30-yard line but once during the first half, and it was just inside at that time. The goal was never in danger because our boys played a scientific defensive game and kept the ball in the air part of the time, where it belonged. We had good headwork as well as beef, and I do not think it is fair to Michigan to say that she was outplayed in the first half.


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The touchdown the Minnesota boys made was made after dark, when nobody could see the ball, and of course that prevented us from stopping them. Also, the field was crowned. I am confident, however, that we have the better team. That man Gooding and Heston played a wonderful game, and all the boys did, for that matter. I have no fault to find with anyone."


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan, Little Brown Jug
The 1903 game against Minnesota also gave rise to the tradition of the two teams playing for the Little Brown Jug. When the Michigan team arrived in Minneapolis, Yost reportedly instructed student manager Thomas B. Roberts to purchase a water jug. Roberts purchased a five-gallon jug for 30¢ from a local variety store. In the chaos that ensued when the Minnesota crowd rushed onto the field, the Wolverines left the jug behind. Thomas Roberts, writing in 1956, stated that the jug had served its purpose, so he intentionally left it sitting on the field.


1903 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan, Little Brown Jug
The next day, custodian Oscar Munson brought the jug to L. J. Cooke, head of the Minnesota athletics department. Cooke and Munson painted the jug brown and wrote on it,  "Michigan Jug – Captured by Oscar, October 31, 1903." According to legend, Yost sent a letter asking for the jug to be returned, and Cooke wrote in response: "We have your little brown jug; if you want it, you'll have to win it." Yost returned with his team in 1909 to reclaim the jug, and the two teams have awarded the jug to the winner of their annual rivalry game.


1903 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1903 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.


1903 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1903 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1903, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Andrew H. Longino was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term.


1903 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
The Democratic primary election was held on August 6, 1903, with the runoff held on August 27, 1903.


1903 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election
In the general election, Democratic candidate James K. Vardaman, a former state senator, ran unopposed.


1903 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1903 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 1–7–1 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 83 to 46. John McLean was the head coach for the first of three seasons. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1903 Montana football team
The 1903 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1903 college football season. They were led by first-year head coach Hiram Conibear, and finished the season with a record of two wins and five losses (2–5).


1903 Moree state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Moree on 12 December 1903 because of the resignation of William Webster (Labour) to successfully contest the federal seat of Gwydir. The Labour candidate Matthew Boland withdrew and his replacement, Leonard Court, was not nominated in time.


1903 NYU Violets football team
The 1903 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their only year under head coach Robert P. Wilson, the team compiled a 2–5 record.


1903 Nashville Garnet and Blue football team
The 1903 Nashville Garnet and Blue football team represented the University of Nashville during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was disbanded, and then started back again.


1903 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1903 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1903 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Burr Chamberlain, the Midshipmen compiled a 4–7–1 record, shut out four opponents (including a scoreless tie with Baltimore Medical College), and were outscored by all opponents by a combined score of 130 to 77.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1903 college football season. The team was coached by fourth-year head coach Walter C. Booth and played their home games at Antelope Field in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as an independent.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
Nebraska went undefeated for the second straight season, setting a new program record with 22 consecutive victories. One newspaper of the time wrote "Nebraska occupies a unique position in western football. Too strong to find fearful competitors, the Cornhuskers can almost weep with Alexander the Great because they have no more teams to conquer."


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Bell, Johnny HBBender, Johnny HBBenedict, Maurice QBBorg, Charles CBriggs LTClark PLAYERCortelyou, Spencer ECotton, Charles RGEager, Earl HBEngelhart, William FBFollmer, Eugene EGraves, Elliot HBHunter, Fred RGLantz HBLesh, W.W. GMarsh, Earl HBMason, Cyrus LTMason, John FBMickel, Oliver FBPerry, F.D. TRinger, John LGRobertson, Claud RTShedd, Charlie EThorpe, Orley ETobin, John GWilson, Harry LT


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Lincoln High
In their sixth exhibition meeting, the Lincoln high schoolers managed to put points on the board against the Cornhuskers for the first time, remarkably ending Nebraska's run of 10 straight shutout victories. Unsurprisingly, though, the University put up more, and pushed the perfect series record to 6-0.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Grand Island
Nebraska amassed nearly 800 yards of offense against Grand Island in the first meeting between the schools, the tenth straight shutout by the Cornhuskers defense.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, South Dakota
Nebraska faced South Dakota for the first time in four years, dominating the Coyotes.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Denver
Nebraska had 685 yards of offense to Denver's 15 in the first meeting between the schools. Frequent turnovers and a muddy playing surface likely prevented the Cornhuskers from scoring more than ten points.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Haskell
Nebraska dominated Haskell in the 100th game in NU history. Some historical records mention this as the first game in which a Nebraska mascot appeared, in this case a bulldog wearing a scarlet and cream blanket, though records suggest NU may have used a white bull terrier painted half red as a mascot as far back as 1893.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado
Nebraska outgained Colorado 314 to 37 in the third game of the rivalry.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Iowa
After three years without facing the Hawkeyes, Nebraska traveled to Iowa City for the first time. Nebraska's 14-game shutout streak ended after a fumble and penalty allowed Iowa to punch in a touchdown from NU's 2-yard line. Nebraska still won the game for its 18th straight victory.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
Kansas presented the stiffest challenge of the season for the Cornhuskers, who did not score until minutes remained in the game. That touchdown was enough to win as NU shut out the Jayhawks 6–0.


1903 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Illinois
Nebraska managed just 58 yards in a scoreless first half, but the Cornhuskers produced 276 yards and 16 points in the second half to defeat the Fighting Illini.


1903 Nemzeti Bajnokság I, Overview
It was contested by 8 teams, and Ferencvárosi TC won the championship.


1903 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team
The 1903 Nevada State Sagebrushers football team was an American football team that represented Nevada State University (now known as the University of Nevada, Reno) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In its third season under head coach Allen Steckle, the team compiled a 2–4–2 record.


1903 New Brunswick general election
The 1903 New Brunswick general election was held on 3 March 1903, to elect 46 members to the 31st New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.


1903 New Brunswick general election
Of forty-six MLAs, thirty-three supported the government, ten formed the opposition, and the other three were neutral. The government of Lemuel John Tweedie was re-elected.


1903 New Brunswick general election, Further reading
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1903 New Brunswick general election, Further reading
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1903 New Hampshire football team
The 1903 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1903 college football season—the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. Under the direction of second-year head coach John Scannell, the team finished with a record of 2–7–1 or 2–6–1, per 1903 sources or modern sources, respectively.


1903 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
Scoring during this era awarded five points for a touchdown, one point for a conversion kick (extra point), and five points for a field goal. Teams played in the one-platoon system and the forward pass was not yet legal. Games were played in two halves rather than four quarters.


1903 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The scores of two late-season contests between New Hampshire and Dover A. C. were listed in Boston newspapers; one New Hampshire win (10–5 on November 21) and one New Hampshire loss (5–6 on November 26, Thanksgiving).


1903 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
In addition to the varsity games listed above, New Hampshire's second team (reserves) defeated Dover High School, 22–0, and played the Exeter Academy second team to a tie, 5–5.


1903 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The New Hampshire College Monthly stated that the team played 14 games, having "lost eight, won four, and tied twice" (4–8–2). The College Monthly provided recaps of 12 games (the 10 varsity games listed in the table, plus the two games played by the second team); it did not provide recaps of the two late-season games against Dover A. C. The overall record of the 10 varsity games (2–7–1), two second-team games (1–0–1), and two late-season games (1–1) does tally to 4–8–2.


1903 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The team's original schedule included games against Massachusetts State College and Boston College, but there is no record of those games being played.


1903 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The September 26 game was the first meeting of the New Hampshire and Maine football programs. The score is listed as 18–0 in the New Hampshire football media guide and in contemporary news reports of 1903; College Football Data Warehouse and the Maine football media guide list it as 10–0.


1903 New Jersey hurricane
The 1903 New Jersey hurricane, also known as the Vagabond Hurricane by The Press of Atlantic City, is the first and only known North Atlantic hurricane to make landfall in the state of New Jersey since records were kept starting in 1851. The fourth hurricane of the season, the cyclone was first observed on September 12 about 550 miles (885 kilometres) northeast of Antigua. It moved quickly westward, then later turned to the north-northwest, steadily strengthening to reach a peak intensity of 100 miles per hour (155 kilometres per hour), a Category 2 on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale. The hurricane weakened slightly before striking near Atlantic City, New Jersey, on September 16 with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). It weakened over Pennsylvania and became an extratropical cyclone over western New York on September 17.


1903 New Jersey hurricane
Rough surf and moderate winds from the hurricane capsized several ships along the East Coast of the United States; 30 people were left missing and presumed killed from a shipwreck in Chincoteague, Virginia. Along the coast, 57 people died due to the storm. In New Jersey, the hurricane caused heavy damage, particularly near the coast and in Atlantic City. Dozens of buildings were damaged or destroyed, and damage across the state totaled $8 million (1903 USD). In New York City, high winds disrupted traffic, closed businesses, and overturned wagons, with many windows and roofs damaged. On Long Island, President Theodore Roosevelt directly experienced the effects of the hurricane while on a yacht. The life of the president was briefly threatened by the rough conditions, though none on board the yacht suffered any problems from the hurricane.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Meteorological history
The genesis of the storm is unknown; it was first observed on September 12 as a 70 mph (115 km/h) tropical storm about 550 miles (885 km) northeast of Antigua in the Lesser Antilles. On that day, the storm appeared on weather maps, and subsequently was tracked by ship reports as a small system. The storm tracked quickly northwestward, followed by a turn to the west-northwest. Around 18:00 UTC on September 13, the storm passed about 270 mi (435 km) south of Bermuda.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Meteorological history
Its exact track and intensity is unknown, though it is estimated the storm attained hurricane status late on September 14 about 360 mi (580 km) west-southwest of Bermuda. The hurricane steadily intensified as it curved northward, and attained an estimated peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h) late on September 15 about 110 mi (175 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Meteorological history
By late on September 15, the hurricane was beginning to affect the North Carolina coastline. The high winds near the center prompted the United States Weather Bureau to issue storm warnings on the morning of September 16 into the next day. Turning northward, the hurricane weakened slightly and made landfall near Atlantic City, New Jersey, shortly before 12:00 UTC on September 16. The estimated barometric pressure was 990 mbar (29 inHg), suggesting hurricane-force winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) at landfall.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Meteorological history
This made it the first and only known hurricane to strike New Jersey since the Atlantic hurricane database's beginning in 1851. The storm structure broadened after landfall, and the Weather Bureau assessed one center splitting off and tracking north-northeastward into New York and Connecticut. The main center continued northwestward, weakening into a tropical storm near Trenton, New Jersey. After crossing northeastern Pennsylvania, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone near Syracuse, New York on September 17. The extratropical remnant persisted for another six hours before losing its identity over eastern Ontario.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
Overall, the hurricane killed 57 people during its passage through the Mid-Atlantic states. Winds of over 60 mph (97 km/h) affected large portions of the coastline from New Jersey to southern New England.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
The hurricane first brought rainfall to coastal parts of Georgia and South Carolina. Strong winds were reported along coastal areas of North Carolina, with sustained winds peaking at 72 mph (116 km/h) at Kitty Hawk. Winds reached 54 mph (87 km/h) at Cape Henry, Virginia, and the combination of the winds and rough surf washed some boats ashore. The schooner Beatrice was lost near Chincoteague with a crew of 30; 28 people on board were killed. A squall line destroyed the front mast of a schooner near Cape Henry.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
Several boats broke free from their moorings near Salisbury and were subsequently destroyed after passing downstream. The schooner Hattie A. Marsh encountered strong winds from the hurricane along the Delaware coast, while strong waves washed it ashore the rocky coastline. The boat was wrecked and the rooms on board were washed overboard, killing five members of the crew. Two people were rescued after conditions calmed, one of whom was injured and taken to a hospital.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
A flock of birds encountered the hurricane over eastern Virginia; hundreds of birds were killed and fell to the ground near Old Point Comfort, many stripped of their feathers. The outer rainbands of the storm produced heavy amounts of precipitation near Washington, D.C., canceling a baseball game between the Detroit Tigers and the Washington Senators after the field was flooded. In Ocean City, Maryland, the hurricane was considered the worst in 40 years. The hurricane produced 80 mph (130 km/h) winds and rough waves along the Delaware Capes, indicating hurricane-force winds affected the state.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
It was one of only two storms on record to produce such winds in the state. Three barges and a steamer capsized in the Delaware Bay, while onshore, the winds of the hurricane destroyed the roofs of four houses in Laurel. The winds downed many trees and destroyed several chimneys near Lewes. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, winds reached 45 mph (72 km/h), which damaged telegraph and phone lines, knocked down several trees, and damaged the roof of Pennsylvania Railroad's Broad Street Station.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
Described by the Weather Bureau as "a most unusual tempest," the storm was one of only four to produce hurricane-force winds in New Jersey. The storm's strong surf destroyed several boats along the coastline, including 34 in Waretown. Less than 10% of the people in Atlantic City evacuated, and after the storm, many people visited the city to observe the storm damage described in newspapers. High winds disrupted 800 telephone lines in Atlantic City, and most communications were cut from the Jersey Shore to the Philadelphia region.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
Initial damage reports were provided by trains, although there were severe transportation delays due to ongoing flooding. The disrupted communications sparked "wild rumors that the great resort had been entirely washed away," according to The New York Times. Monetary damage in Atlantic City was estimated around $1 million (1903 USD). Atlantic City's power was deliberately shut off to prevent accidents. In the city, the roof of one hotel and the porch of another were destroyed. Trees and awnings were damaged, and thousands of windows were damaged. The winds destroyed the roofs of an estimated 50 to 60 cottages.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
The surf damaged or destroyed most fishing piers and oceanfront pavilions in the Atlantic City area, with tons of debris dispersed across the beach. The strong winds, combined with heavy rainfall, resulted in one indirect fatality when a man, unable to see owing to the hurricane, drove into a train in Cape May. In Asbury Park, the storm wrecked the roofs of six hotels. High waves damaged the boardwalks at Belmar and Allenhurst. High winds heavily damaged fruit crops in Monmouth, Middlesex, and Hunterdon counties. Fruit trees were uprooted in Vineland, and in Flemington, about 75% of apples and pears were lost. Damage across the state was estimated at $8 million (1903 USD); the worst of the damage occurred in Atlantic City, though moderate damage extended from Cape May northward through Asbury Park.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
In New York, the outer periphery of the storm produced 2.4 inches (61 mm) of rain in Central Park, where dozens of trees were knocked down or damaged. High tides peaked at 6.4 ft (2.0 m), which inundated Battery Park and made ferry passage difficult. Winds in New York City reached 65 mph (105 km/h), reaching 70 mph (110 km/h) along the coast, with tropical storm force winds extending into Maine. The winds were the strongest in the city since August 1889, lasting about four hours at its peak.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
Funneled by the streets and tall buildings of New York, the high winds swayed buildings, spires, and bridges, overturning wagons on the Brooklyn Bridge. The shape of the Flatiron Building tossed horse-drawn carriages, and two people were injured when a wagon of furniture was overturned. The rains and winds knocked down signs and awnings while wrecking dozens of windows, chimneys, and roofs, causing residents to evacuate buildings and damaging several storefronts. One woman was hospitalized after being struck by an airborne sign.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
The high amount of damage led to the greatest number of inspectors of the New York City Department of Buildings to determine which buildings were safe. In Brighton Beach, the roof of the Ocean Hotel was completely blown off, and a similar fate befell the top of the Steeplechase Tower in Coney Island resort area, which sustained considerable damage. In Brooklyn, church steeples were dislodged or blown off, and many homes in the borough were flooded or damaged. Construction work on the Williamsburg Bridge was halted during the storm.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
On Staten Island, the winds blew off the roof of a school. The hurricane also left businesses and the stock market quiet for the day, owing to the threat of blowing debris. Trees and signs were blown down in the New York suburbs. One person died in New York City due to the storm.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
The high waves and winds caused the greatest marine damage in a decade around New York City. More than 100 boats were overturned or beached in Jamaica Bay, and another 150 boats were wrecked between Hell Gate and the west end of Coney Island. At least ten houseboats were damaged or sank, with boaters injured and requiring rescue. A man attempting to row ashore near Point O' Woods required rescue amid strong winds. Passengers swam safely ashore after their boat capsized in Hell Gate.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
President Theodore Roosevelt directly experienced the effects of the hurricane while vacationing on the naval yacht Sylph along Long Island. Also on the yacht were Roosvelt's wife, son, his secretary, several friends and members of the press association. The yacht experienced gusty winds and heavy rainfall, along with rough seas, and witnessed a boat capsizing in Hell Gate. Passengers left the deck of the yacht for safety while their belongings were secured.


1903 New Jersey hurricane, Impact
After the President was considered to be in danger, the yacht headed for land, and instead of embarking toward Ellis Island as originally planned, the yacht landed at Brooklyn Navy Yard. Farther north, high winds downed many trees along coastal Connecticut, which cut telegraph and telephone lines in Bridgeport. A boy was killed in Hartford after stepping onto a downed power line. Several boats were washed ashore along the Connecticut coast. Farther inland, winds disrupted power in Leicester and damaged crops.


1903 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1903 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) during the 1903 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach John O. Miller, the Aggies compiled a 2–0–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 34 to 0. The team played its home games on College Field, later renamed Miller Field in honor of coach Miller.


1903 New South Wales referendum
A referendum concerning the reduction of the members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was put to voters on 16 December 1904, in conjunction with the 1903 federal election. The referendum was conducted on the basis of optional preferential voting. However, preferences were not counted, as an overwhelming majority voted to reduce the number of members to 90.


1903 New South Wales referendum, The question
As to what shall be the number of Members of the Legislative Assembly.


1903 New South Wales referendum, The question
Which of the following numbers do you prefer, and what is the order of your preference?


1903 New South Wales referendum, Results
The referendum was overwhelmingly in favour of reducing the number of members to 90.


1903 New South Wales referendum, Aftermath
The referendum did not provide how the reduction of members was to occur. Parliament was recalled to decide how to give effect to the referendum, and passed the Electorates Redistribution Act 1904 which provided the districts were to be determined by three electoral districts commissioners. The proposed districts were published by the commissioners  on 18 March 1904, and the final districts were published on 22 April 1904.


1903 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1903, announced at the time as the Durbar Honours, were appointments to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India. The list was announced on the day of the 1903 Delhi Durbar held to celebrate the succession of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra as Emperor and Empress of India. The membership of the two Indian Orders were expanded to allow for all the new appointments.


1903 New Year Honours
The list was published in The Times on 1 January 1903, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1903.


1903 New Year Honours
A list of appointments to the Royal Victorian Order was announced in the London Gazette on 30 December 1902. These were not included in the Durbar Honours list, as the individuals had already received their decorations in late 1902. They have been added to the end of this page to show the most complete picture of orders awarded.


1903 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1903 New Year Honours, Order of the Star of India, Companions of the Order of the Star of India (CSI)
It had been the King′s intention to appoint His Highness Raja Bije Sen Bahadur of Mandi to be a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India, had he not died in December 1902.


1903 New Year Honours, Order of the Indian Empire, Knights Commander of the Order of the indian Empire (KCIE)
It had been the King′s intention to appoint Sir John Woodburn, KCSI to be a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, had he not died in November 1902. It had been the King′s intention to confer a Companionship of the Order of the Indian Empire on Mr. Harry Charles Hill, for his service in the Forest department in India, had he also not died in November 1902.


1903 New York Giants season
The 1903 New York Giants season was the franchise's 21st season. The team finished in second place in the National League with an 84–55 record, 6.5 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates— a dramatic improvement from their abysmal 48–88 record the previous season.


1903 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1903 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1903 New York Highlanders season
The New York Highlanders' 1903 season finished with the team in 4th place in the American League with a record of 72–62. The team was managed by Clark Griffith and played its home games at Hilltop Park (formally "American League Park"). The season began with the Baltimore Orioles relocating to New York in what would be a first of many seasons in the city. The club was at first officially the "Greater New York" baseball club, in deference to the established New York Giants, which were based in the Polo Grounds. This was the first winning season for the franchise that would be later known as the now-storied New York Yankees.


1903 New York Highlanders season, New Name
The media dubbed the team as "Highlanders", due in part to playing at one of the highest points on Manhattan ("The Hilltop"), which was somewhat higher in altitude than the bulk of Manhattan and was considerably "uphill" from the Polo Grounds, the Giants' established home, which sat in the bottomland in Coogan's Hollow, a few blocks east and south of the Hilltop.