1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
John Garrels put Michigan ahead with a field goal from the 25-yard line. On the preceding drive, Garrels had completed a 15-yard forward pass to Bishop, the first legal forward pass completed by Michigan under the new rules. Michigan led, 4–0, at halftime. Early in the second half, Vanderbilt tied the score with a field goal by Dan Blake from the 30-yard line. The game remained tied at 4–4 until the closing minutes. With two minutes left in the game, Garrels ran 68 yards for a touchdown. The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote: "Garrels, on a fake kick, with splendid interference by Hammond, Curtis, and Workman, ran Vanderbilt's left end at lightning speed for sixty-eight yards and a touchdown." Curtis kicked the extra point, and Michigan led, 10–4.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Garrels, who scored nine of Michigan's ten points against Vanderbilt, was an outstanding athlete. He broke world records in the discus throw and high hurdles and won two medals in the 1908 Summer Olympics – a silver medal in the 110 meter hurdles and a bronze medal in the shot put. Following the Vanderbilt game, The Pittsburg Press wrote:


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
"Garrels is the best fullback in the West, and probably has no equal in the country. Weighing 200 pounds, he is a wonderfully speedy runner, capable of covering the 100 yards in 10 seconds. He is a fine punter, place and drop kicker, tackles well, and is a great line plunger."


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Michigan's lineup against Vanderbilt was Curtis (left end), Loell (left tackle), Eyke (left guard), Clement (center), Graham (right guard), Patrick and Newton (right tackle), H. Hammond (right end), Workman (quarterback), Magoffin (left halfback), Bishop (right halfback), and Garrels (fullback). Elder of Penn State served as referee with Neil Snow of Michigan was the umpire and Eldridge of Michigan as the head linesman. The game was played in 30-minute halves.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Injury to Joe Curtis
In the first four games of the 1906 football season, Joe Curtis started two games at left end and two games at left tackle. Michigan won those  games by a combined score of 72 to 13. Curtis had been one of the leading scorers on Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" teams of 1904 (86 points on 11 touchdowns and 31 extra points) and 1905 (105 points on 15 touchdowns and 30 extra points).


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Injury to Joe Curtis
Curtis's final game for Michigan was to have been the season finale against Penn. On November 10, 1906, one week before the Penn game, Curtis suffered a severely broken leg during a practice game. Curtis had not planned to play in the game, but the varsity was playing "listlessly" and had been held to a 0–0 score by the scrubs. Accordingly, Curtis put himself in the lineup at left end for the final three minutes in hopes of inspiring the team. The injury occurred as Curtis carried the ball.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Injury to Joe Curtis
An end on the scrub team, Langley, fell trying to keep from being "boxed out." Curtis tripped on Langley and fell into a half somersault. In an attempt to protect his ankle, Curtis gathered his leg under him while in the air. The mass of players "fell in a heap on poor Curtis. 'Snap' went his left leg at a point between the knee and ankle. The noise of the breaking of the bones could be heard distinctly in the bleachers."


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Injury to Joe Curtis
Trainer Keene Fitzpatrick walked onto the field to examine Curtis and quickly saw that the leg was broken. In what the Detroit Free Press described as "one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a football field," the crowd of 1,000 sitting in the bleachers fell silent and Michigan's quarterback, Harry Workman, "was seen to come out of the bunch of standing players, put his hands to his face, and break down and weep like a child." A surgeon who was in the stands came onto the field, examined Curtis, and called for an ambulance. The crowd sat silently as Curtis was "carefully placed on a stretcher" and into the hospital wagon. As the crowd finally walked slowly up State Street, the "gloom was awful." The Detroit Free Press wrote:


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Injury to Joe Curtis
"Big Joe Curtis – one of the best fellows who ever went to college – who was acknowledged to be the best tackle in the west, and who was preparing himself to play the game of his life against Pennsylvania, the last college game in which he could ever participate, and who was practically certain of recognition for the All-American team, is down and out on the eve of what was to be the great climax of his spectacular football career. . . . ' G-L-O-O-M' spells Ann Arbor tonight."


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Injury to Joe Curtis
Due to the seriousness of the injury, Curtis was hospitalized for several weeks and did not play in the Penn game.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
Michigan concluded its season on November 17, 1906, with a 17–0  loss to Penn in front of a crowd of nearly 26,000 spectators at Franklin Field in Philadelphia. The game was the second between Michigan and Penn. Penn won the first game in 1899, 11–10.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
The start of the game was delayed by half an hour after Michigan head coach Fielding H. Yost sought a ruling that Penn's “tackle back” play (in which the tackle dropped back into the backfield as a ball carrier) was illegal under the new rules. The referee, Kelly, agreed with Yost and informed the Pennsylvania team. The Quakers refused to take the field  in light of the ruling, and twenty minutes of wrangling followed. Yost reported after the game that the umpire Langford finally approached Yost and said, "Now, Mr. Yost, you act the gentleman and go on the field." According to the Detroit Free Press, the officials ruled that the play was legal if the a guard or tackle had both feet or both hands up to the line of scrimmage and waited until the snap to receive the ball.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
With many of its best players either injured or academically disqualified, Michigan played an inexperienced group against Penn. Left guard Sam Davison was playing his first game for the Wolverines. Jack Loell replaced Curtis at left end and played his first game as an end. Walter Eyke and Fred Newton played only their second games at tackle, and Carl Clement played his third game at center.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
With Curtis out of action, the Penn team focused on John Garrels. Early in the game, Michigan kept the ball in Penn territory, and Garrels narrowly missed a field goal from the 45-yard line. Also early in the first half, Penn's right tackle Gaston shoved Garrels to the ground after he had punted. The blow nearly knocked Garrels out of the game, and the head linesman called a penalty of 30 yards and ejected Gaston from the game.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote that "Gaston slugged Garrels, knocking the big acting captain 'silly' for a few minutes and dazing him for the entire half." After the game, Michigan's trainer, Keene Fitzpatrick noted that "Garrels' face is badly disfigured for the time being." The Tribune also reported that Penn's fullback Hollenbach had kneed Michigan halfback Paul Magoffin in the face.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
In the Detroit Free Press, Seward Cramer wrote: "The Pennsylvania men watched [Garrels] above all others, and he could not make a move that was not followed. . . . Eleven times did Johnny Garrels try the famous fake play that has worked against every other team this season. He would form for a punt and then try a dash for the harbor.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
But Scarlett and Levine, the scout boats, would intercept him, and in ten plays of this character he was thrown for a total loss of sixty-five yards, and in only one did he get away with the goods for any substantial gain. That was a run of twenty yards around Pennsylvania's left end." Cramer blamed the "almost total lack of interference" for Garrels' inability to gain through Penn's line. A soggy field was also blamed for slowing Garrels.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
Penn's first touchdown was set up by a forward pass that took the ball to Michigan's 25-yard line. Penn then faked a field goal, and Hollenbach ran the ball to the two-yard line. Folwell then scored, and Penn led, 6–0, at halftime. At the start of the second half, Yost again protested the Penn's "tackle back" play in which the tackle was deployed in the backfield. The Penn team refused to accept Yost's interpretation and told him, "Take your team and go home." Rather than risk a disruption in the relations between the schools, Yost opted to lead his team back onto the field for the second half. Penn's captain and right halfback Green scored two touchdowns in the second half.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
In a post-game interview, Coach Yost said: "Pennsylvania outplayed us. There are all sorts of 'buts' and 'ifs' that might be put in, but even if they were the Quakers would have a good margin over us. Our line could not hold them, therefore our back field could not do anything on the offense."


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
In the Detroit Free Press, Joe S. Jackson wrote that Michigan fans considered the game the first real loss ever suffered by a Yost-coached team, the 2–0 loss to Chicago in 1905 having been dismissed as a fluke. Jackson noted, "However, Ann Arbor may now cut out the proud boast referred to. For a Yost-coached team was beaten today, and it was beaten good." The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote: "The Quakers simply trapped the Wolverine, slaughtered him, ripped off his hide, scraped it, and pegged it up to dry in the sun."


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Penn
Michigan's lineup against Penn was Loell (left end), Eyke (left tackle), Davison (left guard), Clement (center), Graham (right guard), Newton (right tackle), Hammond (right end), Workman (quarterback), Magoffin (left halfback), Bishop and Rumney (right halfback), and Garrels (fullback). Kelly of Princeton served as referee with Langford of Trinity as the umpire and Foltz of Brown as the linesman. The game was played in 30-minute halves.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
Two Michigan players, Joe Curtis and John Garrels, were selected as first-team players on the All Western team of the Chicago Daily Tribune. The Tribune chose Curtis as a tackle even though he had been moved to end so he could be drawn back to run with the ball, in light of a rule change the prohibited a tackle from being drawn back behind the line unless he was five yards back of the line of scrimmage.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
Garrels was chosen at fullback because of his "ability to kick and catch punts, to buck the line, or run the ends and dodge in the open." The Tribune opined that "Garrels is almost as valuable to a team as Eckersall, and if the eastern critics are nonpartisan they will place upon the All-American team Garrels at full back and Eckersall at quarter back."


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post-season
No Michigan players received first-team All-American honors from Walter Camp or Caspar Whitney. However, Garrels was selected as a second-team player by Camp.


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Varsity letter winners
The following 14 players received varsity "M" letters for their participation on the 1906 football team:


1906 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Reserves
The following 23 players received "R" letters for their participation on the 1906 football team:


1906 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1906 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906. Incumbent Republican Fred M. Warner defeated Democratic candidate Charles H. Kimmerle with 60.88% of the vote.


1906 Mid Cork by-election
The Mid Cork by-election of 1906 was held on 31 December 1906. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent MP, D. D. Sheehan, who had been expelled from the Irish Parliamentary Party. Sheehan ran as Independent Labour and was elected unopposed. He remained as MP for the constituency until 1918.


1906 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1906 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1906 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 4–1 record (2–0 against Western Conference opponents) and outscored all opponents 47 to 29.


1906 Minnesota Senate election
The 1906 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 1906, to elect members to the Senate of the 35th and 36th Minnesota Legislatures.


1906 Minnesota Senate election
The Minnesota Republican Party won a large majority of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the People's Party. The new Legislature convened on January 8, 1907.


1906 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1906 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1906. Democratic Party of Minnesota candidate John Albert Johnson defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger A. L. Cole.


1906 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1906 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1906. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Adolph Olson Eberhart defeated Minnesota Democratic Party challenger Lloyd G. Pendergast and Prohibition Party candidate Ole Lokensgaard.


1906 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team
The 1906 Mississippi A&M Aggies football team represented the Mississippi A&M Aggies of Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi during the 1906 college football season.


1906 Mississippi hurricane
The 1906 Mississippi hurricane was a deadly and destructive hurricane during the 1906 Atlantic hurricane season. The fourth hurricane of the season, the system was originally observed in the western Caribbean on September 22; however, modern research revealed that the system became a tropical depression on September 19. The system slowly intensified, eventually becoming a major hurricane by September 24. The system made landfall near Pascagoula, Mississippi, during the evening of September 27, devastating the cities of Pensacola and Mobile and the state of Mississippi. Damage totaled to at least $19,221,000, and more than 134 people were killed.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Meteorological history
The first documented information on the storm places it in the western Caribbean Sea on September 22, although modern reanalysis of this storm identifies it as a tropical depression on September 19. The storm drifted north from the Yucatán Channel on September 24, while it was a weak hurricane with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). The hurricane was south-southwest of Havana by morning, and as it drifted north-northwestward during the evening hours of September 24, the system intensified into a Category 2 hurricane.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Meteorological history
The hurricane was documented to have been about 300 miles (480 km) west-northwest of Cuba on September 25. Near this area, the hurricane had intensified further into a Category 3 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). The system finished its passage into the Gulf of Mexico by September 27. During the afternoon, the hurricane made landfall near Pascagoula, Mississippi, as a Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane moved inland, weakening to a Category 1 hurricane and eventually to a tropical storm. The storm weakened to a tropical depression, and dissipated on September 29 as it transitioned into an extratropical storm.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
The city of Pensacola suffered the most severe damage caused by the storm. Several tugboats, vessels, fishing boats, and other watercraft were tossed along the shore of the city. Large numbers of trees were uprooted and the roofs of houses were torn off. At its highest, the storm surge of the hurricane was 8.5 feet (2.6 m) above the normal tide, the highest recorded in the city at the time. The city's waterfront was completely flooded, along with some houses near the waterfront. Muscogee wharf was partially destroyed, broken into two pieces.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
On either side of the wharf, railroad tracks had been washed away. A total of 39 freight cars carrying coal were also washed away. In addition, the grain elevator of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad was destroyed during the hurricane. A timber boom was demolished during the hurricane, leaving wood and debris on the beach.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
Along Intendencia Street, several cottages were flooded; in some areas, the floodwaters were 10 feet (3.0 m) deep. The southern end of West Main Street was completely inundated and was swept away. There was devastation between Barcelona and Perdido streets, with several boats wrecked. Between Palafox Street and Wright Street, many houses' roofs were torn away. Rail service in and out of Pensacola was severely affected; one train arrived several hours later than scheduled, and it was said that it had to stop "every few yards" in order to remove trees and debris covering the track. Between Magnolia Bluff and Milton, the track was destroyed and the Escambia Bridge was partially demolished. The fishing industry of Pensacola was estimated to have suffered at least $500,000 in damage. Many wharfs had been completely destroyed during the hurricane. Electricity was shut off during the hurricane.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
Fort Barrancas, Fort Pickens, and Fort McRee suffered severe damage. At Forts Pickens and Barrancas, damage was estimated to be around $10,000. In the Bayou Grande area of Pensacola, the tide was estimated to be about 12 feet (3.7 m) above normal. At the intersection of Cedar and Baylen streets, oyster boats, steam tugs, wood, and other debris were scattered. A boat identified as the Wolverine was tossed into a lot near the corner. Trees and chimneys were blown down, and a tin roof was peeled off a house as a result of strong winds.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
On the 26th port, one bark was completely destroyed, while another eleven were tossed around. A schooner that sank during the hurricane was tipped over. At the 38th port, 29 schooners were thrown ashore, and another sixteen were completely destroyed. Only eight of the 36 lumber barges floated, while three of eight tugs were floating, and of those three of them were wrecked. Other debris was scattered around the city, including pieces of shattered glass. A fire occurred at a hotel in Pensacola.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
At the navy yard of Pensacola, all but three boats—the Isle de Luzon and two "water boats"—were either sunk or thrown ashore. A steel dock owned by Spain was untouched, but areas surrounding it were littered with debris. In the towns of Wosley and Warrington, waterfronts were severely damaged and some houses washed away.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
At Pensacola Bay, the tide was 10 feet (3.0 m) high; at East Bay, the tide was measured at 9 feet (2.7 m); at St. Andrews Bay, the tide was 6 feet (1.8 m) high; and at Apalachicola Bay, the tide was 5 feet (1.5 m) high. The damage caused in the city totaled to at least $2,620,000, while the damage within the vicinity of the city amounted to more than $1,230,000. The total damage caused within Pensacola and the surrounding areas totaled to greater than $3,850,000. The hurricane was considered the worst in the city in 170 years. However, there was widespread praise by residents and newspapers for the Weather Bureau for tracking the hurricane and issuing storm warnings three days before the storm made landfall. A total of 35 people were killed in Pensacola.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Louisiana
In New Orleans, observations at the backwater of the Mississippi River indicated a storm surge of about 6 feet (1.8 m) in height on the morning of September 27. The highest sustained winds recorded during the storm in New Orleans were measured at 49 mph (79 km/h), while the minimum pressure recorded was 987 mbar (hPa; 29.15 inHg). In the town of Burrwood, a wharf was impacted by the hurricane's storm surge. In addition, local crops and railroads suffered severe damage. Lake Pontchartrain overflowed during the hurricane, with its waters 5 feet (1.5 m) above normal levels, flooding New Orleans.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Louisiana
Telegraph wires were down in New Orleans after the hurricane, resulting in the loss of contact with the city. Chimneys were blown down in the city; and a resort along Lake Pontchartrain was underwater, and many houses were swept away near the hotel. Telephone service in New Orleans went down during the hurricane. It was reported that Fort St. Philip was flooded by boaters along the Mississippi River. The hurricane set a new 24-hour-record for rainfall at Colliston, where rainfall amounted to 4.55 inches (11.6 cm) accumulated during the hurricane.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Alabama
The lowest air pressure recorded in Mobile was 977 mbar (hPa; 28.84 inHg). At the highest point, the tide was measured at 9.87 feet (3.01 m), while the maximum sustained wind during the hurricane reached 94 mph (151 km/h). About twenty small buildings and houses were destroyed by the hurricane's winds. Most of the buildings in the city were either slightly or moderately damaged. Some shingles and roofs were blown off, while telegraph wires were down, along with other services that required electricity.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Alabama
In the Mobile River and Bay, a total of eleven steamships, seventeen barks and schooners, and 12 tugboats, had either been sunk or blown ashore. About 6.4 inches (16 cm) of rain was measured during the hurricane. In the areas surrounding Mobile, approximately half of all timber to be converted into turpentine was destroyed, and between 5 and 35 percent of other wood had been destroyed. The hurricane caused at least $1,650,000 in damage throughout Mobile. Telegraph wires were cut off from Mobile after the hurricane, resulting in the loss of communication with the city. It was estimated that five thousand houses were damaged in Mobile during the hurricane. The steamer Camp Carney was thrown onto St. Francis Street. Between Franscati Street and Three Mile Creek, all wharves were destroyed.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Alabama
At the Christ Church Cathedral in Mobile, about $40,000 in damage was suffered, while at the St. Francis Baptist Church, damage totaled to about $10,000. Several steamers sank during the storm, including the J. P. Sehuh, Mary E. Staples, Mary S. Blees, Cama, Overton, Hattie B. Moore, City of Camden, and numerous others. One child was killed in Mobile. At Fort Morgan, many trees fell, roofs caved in, and windows were "smashed as though of tissue paper". Telegraph buildings in the city were flooded and moderately damaged.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Alabama
Five hotels suffered damage totaling to $21,000, while the Southern Supply Company, which was headquartered in the city, suffered $100,000 in damage. The fort's port suffered about $100,000 in damages. Six civilians were killed at the fort. Between Flomaton and Pensacola, railroad tracks of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad were torn up and blocked by trees. The section of railroad tracks between Georgian and Graceville was affected by similar damage. The railroad cancelled all services following the hurricane.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Mississippi
In Scranton, the steamer Winona reported a minimum air pressure of 965 mbar (hPa; 28.50 inHg). Lieutenant B.L. Brockway speculated that Scranton was near the center of the hurricane at the time, due to the low pressure readings. At Biloxi, Moss Point, and Mississippi City, communications were not received. However, Moss Point reported that floodwaters were 5 feet (1.5 m) deep before communications were lost. In Macon, a hotel had been demolished during the hurricane, resulting in the deaths of two people. Jackson and Brookhaven suffered a loss of at least 300,000 cotton bales, amounting to $12,000,000 in damage.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Mississippi
In Vicksburg and McComb, many buildings were damaged, along with damage to shipping in Vicksburg, with a broken dock. The railroads and trees of Monticello suffered moderate damage: the railroad tracks were covered in trees, and service was suspended east of the town. In Hattiesburg, many cabins were blown down during the storm. Damage in Hattiesburg amounted to $300,000. In McNeil, one person was killed by a tree that was blown down.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Mississippi
At the Horn Island lighthouse, the hurricane killed the lighthouse keeper and his wife and daughter. In addition to the death of the three at the lighthouse, it was noted that the schooner Daisy had been dismantled there, with one person killed. A person who was climbing a small tree was thrown away by the wind and drowned. Several people were trapped in their homes after a creek topped its banks. A warehouse and four other buildings were destroyed, while a bank's roof was blown off.


1906 Mississippi hurricane, Preparations and impact, Mississippi
A train near Brookhaven was washed away along the tracks of the Mississippi Central Railroad, resulting in the injury of five people. 25 schooners along the Mississippi coastline were completely destroyed. Two barks, the Nuremberg and Hercules were destroyed during the hurricane. Mandeline, owned by Norway, was filled with water, while Sigrav suffered severe damage, completely torn apart. A boat known as the Florine was washed ashore. A total of 78 fatalities occurred.


1906 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1906 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as an independent during the 1906 college football season. The team compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 94 to 79. W. J. Monilaw was the head coach for the first of three seasons. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1906 Montana football team
The 1906 Montana football team represented the University of Montana in the 1906 college football season. They were led by second-year head coach Frederick Schule, and finished the season with a record of two wins and four losses (2–4).


1906 Montenegrin parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 27 September 1906, electing the country's first Parliament. The result was a victory for the People's Party, the first political group in Montenegro, which won 51 seats.


1906 Montenegrin parliamentary election, Electoral system
The elections were held under the electoral law passed on 24 June. The new National Assembly of Montenegro (parliament) consisted of 62 elected members (6 from small towns and 56 from captaincies) and 14 appointees.


1906 Montenegrin parliamentary election, Aftermath
The newly elected Parliament met for the first time in Cetinje on 31 October. Šako Petrović-Njegoš was elected as the first President of the Parliament.


1906 Montenegrin parliamentary election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the People's Party formed the first party-led government with Marko Radulović as Prime Minister. In February 1907, Andrija Radović, also an People's Party member, replaced Radulović as the head of the government.


1906 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The 1906 College Basketball All-American team, as chosen retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation. The player highlighted in gold was chosen as the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year retroactively in 1944.


1906 NYU Violets football team
The 1906 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In their only year under head coach Douglas Church, the team compiled a 0–4 record.


1906 Naef
1906 Naef (prov. designation:1972 RC) is a stony vestoid asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 September 1972, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was later named after Swiss banker and amateur astronomer Robert Naef.


1906 Naef, Orbit and classification
Naef orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,335 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Zimmerwald, as previous observation at Turku Observatory (1943 VF) and McDonald Observatory (1952 DG1) in 1943 and 1952, respectively, remain unused.


1906 Naef, Physical characteristics
According to observations by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer's NEOWISE mission, Naef measures 7.9 and 8.1 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.23, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.40 and calculates a diameter of 6.6 kilometer with an absolute magnitude of 12.5.


1906 Naef, Physical characteristics
Naef is a vestoid or V-type asteroid, with its spectral type comparable to that of the group's namesake, 4 Vesta. V-type asteroids are less common than the abundant S-type asteroids, but they are similar in their stony composition, except for their higher concentration of pyroxenes, an aluminium-rich silicate mineral. PanSTARRS' photometric survey has characterized it as a SQ-type that transitions to the Q-type asteroids.


1906 Naef, Physical characteristics
Four rotational lightcurves, obtained during 2005–2009, gave a well-defined rotation period between 11.01 and 11.03 hours, and a brightness variation of 0.92–0.95 magnitude (U=n.a./3/n.a./2+).


1906 Naef, Naming
This minor planet was named after Swiss banker Robert A. Naef (1907–1975) from Zürich, an ardent amateur astronomer, who produced the yearly observers almanac, Der Sternenhimmel, since 1940. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4157).


1906 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1906 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1906 college football season. In their third season under Paul Dashiell, the Midshipmen compiled an 8–2–2 record, shut out nine opponents (including a scoreless tie with Bucknell), and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 149 to 14.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1906 college football season. The team was coached by first-year head coach Amos Foster and played its home games at Antelope Field in Lincoln, Nebraska. The team competed as an independent.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
Prior to replacing the retiring Walter C. Booth at NU, Foster compiled an 11–4 record in two years coaching Cincinnati. Foster left Nebraska following the season and was quickly offered his old job at Cincinnati, but declined, instead accepting an offer to coach at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
Following the 1905 season, United States President Theodore Roosevelt urged Among the new rules adopted in 1906 included the legalization of the forward pass, an increase in the distance required to get a first down, the abolishment of the dangerous flying wedge, and the establishment of a neutral zone between the offense and defense at the line of scrimmage.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Benedict, Maurice EChaloupka, William FBCooke, Harold QBCornell GCraig, Hugh FBDenslow, Lloyd EDrain, Dale QBEwing, Henry LTHarvey, James E/LTJohnson, William ELittle, Ernest (Merle) EMason, John LTMatters, Thomas LTMcDonald, Gil QBRice, John RTSchmidt, Francis ETaylor, Robert RGVoss RTWeller, John HBWilke, C.R. C


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State
Nebraska's 35-game home field winning streak, dating back to the beginning of the 1901 season, was broken when Iowa State beat NU 14–2. Only a late safety prevented Nebraska from being shut out.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Minnesota
Minnesota shut out the Cornhuskers in Minneapolis for the second consecutive year in a game that remained scoreless until after halftime. Minnesota finished the season as co-champion of the Big Nine.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Creighton
Nebraska shut out Creighton in Omaha in the final game between the two teams. NU defeated all other in-state teams for the third year in a row to claim another state championship.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
KU defeated a sloppy Nebraska team in the first game in a streak of 107 consecutive seasons the two teams played, still an NCAA record.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, at Chicago
Nebraska was shut out by Chicago, then a member of the Big Nine Conference, in the first meeting between the two teams.


1906 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Cincinnati
Foster's former team traveled to Lincoln in what is still the only game ever played between Cincinnati and Nebraska. The teams were scheduled to play in 2020, but the game was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cincinnati and Nebraska are scheduled to meet for the second time in 2025.


1906 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1906 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906.


1906 Nebraska gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor John H. Mickey did not stand for re-election.


1906 Nebraska gubernatorial election
Republican nominee George L. Sheldon defeated Democratic and Populist fusion nominee Ashton C. Shallenberger with 51.27% of the vote.


1906 Nevada gubernatorial election
The 1906 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906. Incumbent Silver John Sparks defeated Republican nominee Jason F. Mitchell with 58.54% of the vote.


1906 New Hampshire football team
The 1906 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1906 college football season—the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. Under first-year head coach Edward Herr, the team finished with a record of 2–5–1.


1906 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
This season introduced several rules changes, most notably legalization of the forward pass (with restrictions).


1906 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
Scoring during this era awarded five points for a touchdown, one point for a conversion kick (extra point), and four points for a field goal. Teams played in the one-platoon system, and games were played in two halves rather than four quarters.


1906 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
The Vermont game in Manchester was attended by Governor of New Hampshire John McLane.


1906 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
New Hampshire's second team (reserves) lost to Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, 11–5, and defeated Mohawk Athletic Club of Portsmouth, 5–0.


1906 New Hampshire football team, Roster
The team photo consists of 14 players—likely all of the team's lettermen—plus coach Edward Herr and the student team manager.


1906 New Hampshire football team, Roster
In December 1908, center Carl Chase and another student drowned while canoeing in the nearby Great Bay. Quarterback John J. Ryan later played for Dartmouth College, where he captained the 1910 Dartmouth football team; he subsequently became a college sports coach, including two seasons each with the Wisconsin football team and the Marquette basketball team. Right end Edson D. Sanborn later coached the Student Army Training Corps (SATC) personnel of the 1918 New Hampshire football team that competed in place of the varsity. Team manager Leon Dexter Batchelor later became a horticulture professor and served as director of the University of California Citrus Experiment Station.


1906 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1906 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906. Republican nominee Charles M. Floyd defeated Democratic nominee Nathan C. Jameson with 49.79% of the vote.


1906 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1906 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) during the 1906 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach John O. Miller, the Aggies compiled a 4–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 71 to 12. The team played its home games on College Field, later renamed Miller Field in honor of coach Miller.


1906 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1906 were appointments by Edward VII to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 1 December 1905 and  2 January 1906.


1906 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1906 New York Giants season
The 1906 New York Giants season was the franchise's 24th season. The team finished in second place in the National League with a 96-56 record, 20 games behind the Chicago Cubs.


1906 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 New York Highlanders season
The 1906 New York Highlanders season, its fourth in New York and sixth overall, finished with the team in 2nd place in the American League with a record of 90–61. The team was managed by Clark Griffith and played its home games at Hilltop Park.


1906 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 New York Highlanders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 New York state election
The 1906 New York state election was held on November 6, 1906, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1906 New York state election, History
The Socialist state convention met on June 2 at the Workingmen's Educational Building at 247, East Eighty-fourth Street in New York City. Morris Hillquit was chosen Permanent Chairman. They nominated John C. Chase for governor; Gustave Adolph Strebel for lieutenant governor; Henry L. Slobodin, of New York City, for attorney general; William W. Arland, of Corning, for secretary of state; John E. O'Rourke, of Rochester, for comptroller; William W. Passage, of Brooklyn, for treasurer; and R. R. Hunt, of Schenectady, for state engineer.


1906 New York state election, History
The Prohibition state convention met on September 5 at Binghamton, New York. They nominated Capt. Henry M. Randall, of Port Jefferson, for governor; Freeman H. Bettys, of Rochester, for lieutenant governor; Charles Richards, of Oswego, for secretary of state; Levi Hoag, of Binghamton, for comptroller; Robert L. Stokes, of Brooklyn, for treasurer; Walter Farrington for attorney general; and Victor C. Mott, of Buffalo, for state engineer.


1906 New York state election, History
The Independence League state convention met on September 11 and 12 at Carnegie Hall in New York City. They nominated William Randolph Hearst for governor; Lewis S. Chanler for lieutenant governor; John S. Whalen for secretary of state; John Ford for attorney general; Dr. C. H. W. Auel for comptroller; Frank L. Getman for state engineer; and did not nominate anybody for treasurer. After the nomination of Hearst, Chanler and Whalen by the Democratic state convention, the other nominees retired, and on September 29, the Independence League's Executive Committee substituted the Democratic nominees Jackson, Glynn, and Skene on the ticket, and added Hauser for treasurer.


1906 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 25 and 26 at Saratoga, New York. Boss Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. favored Ex-Governor Frank S. Black, Governor Frank W. Higgins favored his Lt. Gov. Bruce, but after the intervention of President Theodore Roosevelt, the convention nominated Charles E. Hughes for governor. Merton E. Lewis was nominated for comptroller, and all the other incumbent state officers were re-nominated, all by acclamation.


1906 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on September 25, 26 and 27 at Buffalo, New York. Lewis Nixon was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. William Randolph Hearst was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Hearst 309, William Sulzer 124, John Alden Dix 17). All other candidates were nominated by acclamation, among them the Independence League nominees Chanler and Whalen.


1906 New York state election, Result
The Democratic/Independence League fusion ticket was elected with exception of Hearst who was rejected by a large part of the Democratic voters, especially in New York City. Although Republican Hughes was elected governor, this election ended a Republican era in state politics which had lasted a dozen years.


1906 New York state election, Result
The incumbents Bruce, O'Brien, Mayer, Wallenmeier and Van Alstyne were defeated.


1906 New York state election, Result
The Republican, Democratic, Socialist and Prohibition parties maintained automatic ballot status (necessary 10,000 votes), the Independence League attained it, and the Socialist Labor Party did not re-attain it.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election
The New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election 1906 was held to choose the next leader of the New Zealand Liberal Party. The election was won by Awarua MP and incumbent deputy leader Joseph Ward.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Background
Richard Seddon had assumed the leadership on the death of John Ballance in 1893. As Ballance's deputy there was little opposition to this and Seddon claimed the leadership (and therefore premiership) initially on an interim basis. However, no formal leadership vote was held and Ballance's preferred successor, Robert Stout was never able to contest the leadership officially. Seddon proved to be a popular figure with the masses and continued to lead the Liberal's for a further 13 years until his death.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Background
Seddon died at sea and William Hall-Jones was acting Prime Minister in his absence at the time.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, Joseph Ward
Ward had been a Member of Parliament since 1887 and had been a part of the cabinets of both John Ballance and Richard Seddon. Most saw Ward as Seddon's natural heir. Of all the Liberal MPs, he was the most well known to the public a trait necessary for re-election.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, William Hall-Jones
Hall-Jones had been left in an awkward position following Seddon's death. While Seddon was in Australia and Ward was in Britain, he was acting Prime Minister. In the confusion following Seddon's death, he informed the Governor General that he had formed a new ministry, near identical to Seddon's, and would only act as Premier until the Liberal caucus elected a new leader. This did nothing to stop speculation in the press that Hall-Jones might abstain from relinquishing power as Seddon had done before him. Ultimately he did not accept nomination for the leadership.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Result
As Ward was the only officially nominated candidate, Ward was elected unopposed as leader by the caucus. Hall-Jones continued as acting leader and Prime Minister until Ward returned to New Zealand.


1906 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Aftermath
Ward would remain the leader of the Liberal Party until he relinquished the role in 1912, following the disappointing result of the 1911 election.


1906 News of the World Match Play
The 1906 News of the World Match Play was the fourth News of the World Match Play tournament. It was played from Tuesday 2 to Thursday 4 October at Notts Golf Club. 32 players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 18 holes, except for the final which was over 36 holes. The winner received £100 out of a total prize fund of £240. Sandy Herd defeated Charles Mayo 8 & 7 in the final to win the tournament.


1906 News of the World Match Play, Qualification
Entry was restricted to members of the Professional Golfers' Association (PGA). Qualification was by a series of 36-hole stroke-play competitions; one for each of the six PGA sections. The Southern section had 16 qualifiers, the Midland and Northern sections had 5 each, the Scottish section 3, the Irish section 2 and the Welsh section 1. In the event of a tie for places there was a playoff.


1906 News of the World Match Play, Format
The format was unchanged. Matches were over 18 holes except for the final which was over 36 holes. Extra holes were played in the event of a tied match. Two rounds were played on the first day, two more on the second day with the final on the third day.


1906 News of the World Match Play, Prize money
The winner received £100 and a gold medal, the runner-up £30 and a silver medal, the losing semi-finalists £15 and a bronze medal, while the third round losers received £10 and the second round losers received £5.


1906 North Armagh by-election
The North Armagh by-election of 1906 was held on 16 November 1906. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Unionist MP, Edward James Saunderson. It was won by the Irish Unionist candidate William Moore.


1906 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team
The 1906 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1906 college football season. In Willie Heston's first and only season as head coach, the Aggies compiling a record of 3–1–4, outscoring their opponents 100 to 10. The four ties are the most in program history.


1906 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1906 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1906 college football season. The team captain of the 1906 season was Foy Roberson.


1906 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1906 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota Agricultural College (now known as North Dakota State University) as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its first season under head coach Gil Dobie, the team compiled a 5–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 236 to 4.


1906 North Dakota Agricultural Aggies football team
The season was part of a 10-game winning streak that began in 1905 and ended in 1908.


1906 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1906 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906. Democratic nominee John Burke defeated incumbent Republican Elmore Y. Sarles with 53.20% of the vote.


1906 North Galway by-election
The 1906 North Galway by-election was held on 28 February after the MP elected in the general election in January 1906, Thomas Higgins, died before his election declaration at the 1906 general election.


1906 North Galway by-election, 1906 general election
Higgins, originally from Monivea, who was chairman of Tuam Board of Guardians and a member of Galway County Council, was selected as the Irish Parliamentary Party candidate by the United Irish League (UIL) convention on 5 January 1906 to contest the 1906 general election. He had been President of the constituency branch of the UIL since 1900.


1906 North Galway by-election, 1906 general election
Taken ill on the night of the election (25 January 1906), he died as the result of a heart attack in Guy's Hotel, Tuam, at 1.30am the following morning (26 January 1906).


1906 North Galway by-election, 1906 general election
As was widely expected, Higgins topped the poll at the election count, which was held later on the day of his death, beating the incumbent MP, John Philip Nolan, who had stood as an Independent Nationalist. Higgins, who received 2,685 votes (Nolan took 1,064), was posthumously declared elected by the county sheriff, the returning officer.


1906 North Galway by-election, By-election
The 25-year-old Richard Hazleton, a Blackrock District councillor who had unsuccessfully contested South County Dublin in the 1906 election, was selected as the Irish Party Parliamentary Party candidate. As the only candidate nominated for the resulting by-election, and was therefore elected unopposed when nominations closed on 28 February.


1906 North Galway by-election, Similar by-elections
The remarkable circumstances surrounding the election led the Irish Independent to comment that "candidates have died before the actual election, but we doubt if ever such a case as the present has occurred before, where a candidate has died after the poll has been taken and before the result has been declared".


1906 North Galway by-election, Similar by-elections
This circumstance occurred again to Noel Skelton in 1935, and to Sir Edward Taswell Campbell and Leslie Pym in 1945; however, all of them were candidates for re-election. Thomas Higgins is the only MP to be newly elected posthumously.


1906 North Kilkenny by-election
The 1906 North Kilkenny by-election was held on 3 March 1906 after Joseph Devlin resigned. Devlin had been elected for the Irish Parliamentary Party in the 1906 general election for both North Kilkenny and West Belfast. As he could only take one seat he chose West Belfast, so creating a vacancy.


1906 North Kilkenny by-election
The seat was retained by Michael Meagher who stood for the Irish Parliamentary Party. The by-election was uncontested.


1906 North Leitrim by-election
The 1906 North Leitrim by-election was held on 28 February 1906 after Patrick Aloysius McHugh resigned. McHugh had been elected for the Irish Parliamentary Party in the 1906 general election for both North Leitrim and North Sligo. As he could only take one seat he chose North Sligo, so creating a vacancy.


1906 North Leitrim by-election
The seat was retained by Charles Dolan who stood for the Irish Parliamentary Party. The by-election was uncontested.


1906 Northern Illinois State Normal football team
The 1906 Northern Illinois State Normal football team represented Northern Illinois State Normal College as an independent in the 1906 college football season. They were led by first-year head coach Nelson A. Kellogg and played their home games at Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The team finished the season with a 4–2–1 record. Warren Madden was the team's captain.


1906 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1906 Norwegian Football Cup was the fifth season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for 1906 local association leagues (kretsserier) champions, except in Kristiania og omegn where a separate cup qualifying tournament was held. Odd won their fourth consecutive title. This was the first final attended by the Norwegian majesties.


1906 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway between 5 and 27 August 1906, with a second round held between 26 August and 22 October. It was the first parliamentary election in Norway since the end of the union with Sweden a year earlier. A Two-round system was used at this election for the first time. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 73 of the 123 seats in the Storting.


1906 Notre Dame football team
The 1906 Notre Dame football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1906 college football season.


1906 Nova Scotia general election
The 1906 Nova Scotia general election was held on 20 June 1906 to elect members of the 34th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.


1906 Nova Scotia general election, Further reading
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1906 Nova Scotia general election, Further reading
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1906 Ohio Green and White football team
The 1906 Ohio Green and White football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its first season under head coach Arthur McFarland, the team compiled a 7–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 158 to 28.


1906 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1906 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1906 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 8–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 153 to 14 in their first season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein.


1906 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team
The 1906 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1906 college football season. This was the sixth year of football at A&M and the first under Boyd Hill. The Aggies played their home games in Stillwater, Oklahoma Territory. They finished the season 1–4–2.


1906 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1906 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1906 college football season. In their second year under head coach Bennie Owen, the Sooners compiled a 5–2–2 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 124 to 36. Oklahoma scheduled two games in Kansas City, Missouri, against the Kansas City Medics on October 23 and the Kansas City Athletic Club on October 27, but both games were cancelled.


1906 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1906 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1906 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Games with Tennessee on October 27 and with Arkansas on November 17 were canceled. This the first season of the legal forward pass. James C. Elmer of Ole Miss caught the first forward pass in the history of the Egg Bowl rivalry. Elmer's kicking accounted for 13 points in a 29–5 rout. For the first time the game marked the end of the season for not one but both teams.


1906 Open Championship
The 1906 Open Championship was the 46th Open Championship, held 13–15 June at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Defending champion James Braid won the Championship for the third time, four strokes ahead of runner-up J.H. Taylor.


1906 Open Championship
There was no qualifying competition. All entries played 18 holes in pairs on the first two days with all those within 14 strokes of the leader making the cut and playing 36 holes on the final day.


1906 Open Championship
The feature of the opening round on Wednesday was the play of the amateurs. John Graham Jr. led with a 71, while Robert Maxwell was amongst those tied for second on 73 with Robert Whitecross and Hugh Watt, both from Dirleton Castle Golf Club, a further shot behind.


1906 Open Championship
Taylor and Harry Vardon came to fore in the second round on Thursday. Taylor was out in 41 but came back in 31, despite three-putting the last. Vardon was only a shot worse with a 73. Taylor led on 149, with Vardon and Graham on 150; 72 players were within 14 shots of Taylor and made the cut.


1906 Open Championship
Taylor's third round 75 on Friday morning was good enough for him to retain the lead by a stroke over Rowland Jones and three over Braid and Vardon. In the final round that afternoon, Jones scored a disappointing 83 to drop out of contention, while Taylor scored 80 and Vardon 78. Only two players bettered 77, Walter Toogood with a 71 and Braid with a 73, but Toogood was already out of the picture after an 83 in the morning. Needing a 76 for victory, Braid reached the turn in 38 and after more steady play he was left with two fives at the last two holes to win. A 45-foot (14 m) putt for a three at the 17th hole secured the victory.


1906 Open Championship, Past champions in the field
Did not enter: Jack White (1904), Harold Hilton (1892, 1897).


1906 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1906 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In their first season under head coach Fred Norcross, the Aggies compiled a 4–1–2 record, held six of seven opponents scoreless, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 78 to 4. The Aggies played to scoreless ties against Oregon and Washington and lost to Willamette (0–4). Herb Root was the team captain.


1906 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1906 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the 1906 college football season. It was the Webfoots' thirteenth season; they competed as an independent and were led by head coach Hugo Bezdek. They finished the season with a record of five wins, zero losses and one tie (5–0–1).


1906 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 1906 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 4, 1906 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican James Withycombe against incumbent Democrat George Earle Chamberlain.


1906 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1906 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the third waterpolo championship in Hungary. There were one match with two teams.


1906 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1906 Pagoda riots
The 1906 Pagoda riots refer to violent clashes which erupted in Port Louis on the island of Mauritius between 1900 and 1906.


1906 Pagoda riots, Events prior to the 1906 riots
The Cantonese and the Fukienese were the only two clans of Chinese people which held political and cultural power which their leader Hayme firmly established in Mauritius. The mixed-blood clan of Hakkas or Macayah had a much lesser influence in society as they arrived on the island after the Cantonese and the Fukienese. Hayme was succeeded by Afan Tank Wen who was the ethnic leader until his death in June 1900. The town had been a relatively peaceful settlement, as the previous serious civil disorder dated back to more than 50 years earlier in the form of the 1850 Yamsé Ghoon Riots.


1906 Pagoda riots, Clash of rival clans
Afan Tank Wen's death enabled the Hakkas to question the Cantonese clans' stronghold on political and cultural matters in Port Louis where most people of Chinese origins resided. Soon the three clans started to aggressively fight for leadership over Cohan Tai Biou Pagoda which was regarded as the religious and political headquarters of the Chinese community living in Mauritius. As a result there were frequent violent clashes between members of the rival clans. The pagoda, which is located at Les Salines in Port Louis, is also known as Kwan Tee Pagoda and was built in 1842, thus making it the oldest such institution in the Southern Hemisphere.


1906 Pagoda riots, Supreme Court ruling
Eventually the Supreme Court of Mauritius intervened by issuing a decree on 21 June 1906 to resolve the conflict. The court stipulated that the Cohan Tai Biou pagoda would be managed by a committee of 15 members from all 3 rival clans. Furthermore the pagoda's presidency would have a tenure of 1 year to be held by a member of each of the 3 different Chinese ethnic groups in rotation.


1906 Pagoda riots, Aftermath of Supreme Court ruling
The novel requirement to share power among the 3 rival clans broke the tradition of vesting absolute authority in a single elected leader. It affected the long-held mechanism of maintaining unity within the community. Besides it reduced the leader’s prestige when negotiating with the colonial government, thus eroding Chinese community's influence in Mauritius.


1906 Paraguayan Primera División season
The following article presents a summary of the 1906 football (soccer) season in Paraguay.


1906 Paraguayan Primera División season, Overview
Shortly after the foundation of the governing body of football, the Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol (known today as Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol) on June 18, the first championship was organized with the participation of the five original founding clubs and Club 14 de Mayo. The first match was played on July 8 between Olimpia and Guaraní, resulting in a 1-1 tie.


1906 Paraguayan Primera División season, Overview
Salvador Melián of Guaraní has the honor of being the first scorer in Paraguayan league history, while Miguel Díaz of Olimpia was the second scorer in the 1-1 tie match.


1906 Paraguayan Primera División season, Liga Paraguaya results
Guaraní was the first Paraguayan champion. The tournament was played between six teams in a two round all-play-all system, being the team with the most points at the end of the two rounds the champion. Guaraní played 10 games, winning 8, drawing 2 and not losing any of them.


1906 Paris–Roubaix
The 1906 Paris–Roubaix was the 11th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 15 April 1906 and stretched 270 km (168 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Henri Cornet from France.


1906 Paris–Tours
The 1906 Paris–Tours was the third edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 30 September 1906. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Lucien Petit-Breton.


1906 Penn Quakers football team
The 1906 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1906 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 7–2–3 record in their fifth year under head coach Carl S. Williams. Significant games included a 24 to 6 loss to the Carlisle Indians, a 17 to 0 victory over Michigan, and a scoreless tie with Cornell  The 1906 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 186 to 58.


1906 Penn Quakers football team
Eight players on the 1906 Penn team received recognition on the 1906 College Football All-America Team. They are ends Izzy Levene  (WC-3; CW-2; NYS-2; CC-2; NYT-2) and Hunter Scarlett (NYM-1), tackle Dexter Draper (WC-2; NYS-1; NYT-2), guard Gus Ziegler (WC-2; CW-1; NYS-2; CC-2; NYM-1; NYT-2), center William Thomas Dunn (WC-1), and halfbacks Bill Hollenback (WC-2; CW-1; NYS-1; NYM-1), Bob Folwell (NYT-1) and Edward Green (NYT-2).


1906 Penn State football team
The 1906 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1906 college football season. The team was coached by Tom Fennell and played its home games on Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1906 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1906 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 6, 1906. Incumbent Republican governor Samuel W. Pennypacker was not a candidate for re-election. Republican candidate Edwin Sydney Stuart defeated Democratic candidate Lewis Emery, Jr. to become Governor of Pennsylvania.


1906 Persian legislative election
The first Iranian legislative election held in July 1906 after Iranian Constitutional Revolution by a sentence from Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.


1906 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1906 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing fourth in the American League with a record of 78 wins and 67 losses.


1906 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1906 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in Major League Baseball. The Phillies finished fourth in the National League with a record of 71 wins and 82 losses.


1906 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 25th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 20th in the National League. The Pirates finished third in the league standings with a record of 93–60.


1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Portland Beavers season
The 1906 Portland Beavers season was the fourth season in the history of the Portland Beavers baseball team. The 1906 team won the Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant with a 114–58 record (.663 winning percentage). The team played its home games at Vaughn Street Park. The 1906 season was the first in which the team played under the name "Beavers", having been previously known as the "Browns" and "Giants".


1906 Portland Beavers season
The 1906 Beavers were selected in 2003 by a panel of minor league experts as the sixth best team in the PCL's 100-year history. The team was also ranked No. 31 by Minor League Baseball in its ranking of the 100 greatest minor league teams in baseball history.


1906 Portland Beavers season
The Beavers were in Oakland, California, when the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California. The season was interrupted for five weeks after the earthquake.


1906 Portland Beavers season
The team was owned by Judge William Wallace McCredie, who later represented the State of Washington in the U.S. House of Representatives. McCredie also served as the club's president while his son, Hugh, was the business manager and his wife, Alice, managed the ticket office. His nephew Walt McCredie played in the National League, batting .324 in 1903, but joined the Portland club as player-manager in 1904 after his uncle became the owner. Walt McCredie was both the manager and one of the starting outfielders in 1906, leading the team to the pennant while also compiling a .306 batting average.


1906 Portland Beavers season
The star of the team was outfielder Mike Mitchell. Mitchell was credited by Bill James as having one of the best outfield arms of the Deadball Era. In 1906, he won the PCL batting championship with a .339 batting average and also led the league in home runs and slugging percentage.


1906 Portland Beavers season
Enon Califf, Ben Henderson, and "Vinegar Bill" Essick led the pitching staff. Califf, an Oregon native, compiled a 34–14 record with 40 complete games and a 2.17 earned run average (ERA) in 53 games (46 as a starter). Henderson went 29–10 with 38 complete games and a 1.60 ERA in 41 games. Essick led the PCL with a .760 winning percentage (19 wins, 6 losses).


1906 Portland Beavers season, Statistics, Batting
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage


1906 Portland Beavers season, Statistics, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1906 Porto Alegre general strike
The 1906 Porto Alegre general strike, also known as the 21-day strike, was the first general strike in the history of Rio Grande do Sul. Between 3 and 21 October, about five thousand workers abandoned their work, demanding the reduction of the workday to eight hours. The movement was initiated by anarchists, who had started a strike on August 26 at Jacob Aloys Friedrichs marmoraria demanding the eight-hour day. Soon after the strike statement, they founded the Marbles Union and called the other workers in Porto Alegre to join the movement. Throughout September, the city's working class remained solidarity to paralyze marble production, and on October 3, several sectors decided to declare themselves on strike.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike
Faced with the paralysis of several sectors - including metallurgical, stevedores, masons, tram workers and textiles, the local entrepreneurship met under the leadership of Alberto Bins to establish an agreement that granted the workers a nine hour workday, which initially was not accepted by the strikers. During the strike, the socialists Francisco Xavier da Costa and Carlos Cavaco emerged as leaders of the movement, bringing the anarchists in their direction and driving the creation of the Workers' Federation of Rio Grande do Sul (FORGS), which would become the most important organization of the Gaúcha working class during the first Republic.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike
The bosses remained uncompromising and the strike began to empty themselves from October 17, when several workers, pressured by the economic difficulties arising from so much time paralyzed, began to return to work, accepting the nine-hour workday. On the 21st, the local press declared the movement to have ended. Despite the original demand was not met, the reduction of the working day was seen as a partial achievement, and the strike helped to strengthen class consciousness and the organization of Porto Alegre's workers.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
According to historian Joan Bak, the 1906 general strike in Porto Alegre was initiated in a context in which at least three elements stand out: the introduction of new modalities of production, which disrupted the familiar habits of artisan labor; the growing introduction of the female workforce in the work environment; and the transformation of hermetic ethnic communities into more heterogeneous communities, which were to be recognized as a working class.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
Until the beginning of the twentieth century, in most Porto Alegre companies, a typical organization of manufacturing workshops, with a relatively small number of employees and a hierarchy of functions based on talent and in the time of professional learning. This working environment brought possibilities of hierarchical ascension to employees, as well as allowed a greater proximity between them and their bosses, favoring paternalist social relations. The workers of the first workshops and industries were almost always qualified male artisans, in general European immigrants or descendants.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
Entrepreneurs generally hired only fellow countrymen in an attempt to accentuate ethnic solidarity and camouflage class differences. Linguistic barriers eventually isolated the immigrant workers from those that spoke Portuguese, reinforcing cultural ties between bosses and employees. Black people and mestiços, even if they formed an important part of the population of the city, were relegated to unqualified and poorly paid work, while many entrepreneurs hired only workers of European origin.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
In the early 1900s, an expansion of industry and the most traditional social relations between boss and employee have begun to modify with the emergence of large factories. As a result of this process, some craftsmen blamed the machines for having taken them from their former work and complained that they were working more and earning less. Establishments which employed more than 50 workers became more common, concentrated especially in metallurgy, clothing production, furniture and food.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
According to Bak, "these establishments have become a first battlefield of conflicts for changes in social production relations", including the first strikes, until then always circumscribed to only single establishments. With the appearance and expansion of new factories, the female workforce also became increasingly employed. At the socks and corset factory of the Fabril Porto-Alegrense company, one of the largest and most mechanized of the city, three-quarters of the workforce was composed of women, who worked for low wages and in unhealthy conditions.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
As a consequence of this initial process of industrialization, Porto Alegre went through rapid urban growth. The population of the city, from 52,000 inhabitants in 1890, had doubled in 1910, and new urban districts have also emerged in that period. The expansion of the city was mainly to the north and east. The Fourth District Zone - current neighborhoods of São João and Navegantes - emerged as the first industrial region of the city, where there was a working class presence.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, Background
As a result of these rapid transformations, dense and hermetic ethnic communities began to transform into more heterogeneous communities with mixture of ethnic and class identities. While at first the organizations of the working class were marked by ethnicity, as early as 1896, the International Working League congregated Portuguese, German and Italian speakers. At the beginning of the twentieth century, anarchist militants began to organize unions by occupation, although at first, some offices were identified with certain ethnicities - the Italians predominated among shoemakers; the Germans, in turn, among the metallurgists, Hatters and Joiners.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
On August 26, 1906, three marble workers of Jacob Aloys Friedrichs - Henrique Faccini, Carlos Jansson and Arthur do Vale Quaresma - gave him a letter in which they demanded the eight-hour workday. The demand of the eight-hour workday was not a novelty in the labor movement: gaucho socialists had already demanded it since 1897, when the policy appeared in the program of the Rio Grande do Sul Socialist Party; also in 1906, between April 15 and 22, it was held in the Rio de Janeiro, which placed the fight for eight hours on the agenda.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
Militants of the labor movement, especially anarchists, considered that the eight-hour journey would help reduce unemployment and allow workers to organize and educate themselves in their free time, making their class consciousness grow. Although Rio Grande do Sul had not sent representatives to the Workers' Congress, the Anarchists of Porto Alegre took note of the proposals approved at the meeting, and inspired by Congress, decided to start a movement for eight hours. Henrique Faccini and André Arjonas, signatories of the letter delivered to Friedrichs, were anarchist militants.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
The marble workers, as well as other craftsmen, possessed their own tools and were qualified, which made them difficult to replace. However, they worked 11 hour days. In the letter delivered to Friedrichs, the marble workers were identified as a working class and justified their demands arguing that this measure would give them "some time for moral and intellectual development". The employees of Friedrichs believed that he was the most suitable for introducing the eight-hour workday in the city  and expected a favorable response from their boss, otherwise they were willing to take a "different resolution".


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
Despite the respectful and cordial tone of the letter, which did not display hostility or revolutionary ardor, considering Friedrichs as an "honest man" and "laborious and acquiescent with everything that is fair and that has always treated them well". The threat of a "different resolution" irritated the boss. The next morning, August 27, Friedrichs found only one employee in the marmoraria; all others, even apprentices, were absent. Through an informant who declared himself neutral, he knew that his employees would only return to work after they know the answer to the request presented the day before.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
Then there was a deadlock: Friedrichs said that while his employees "did not go back to work and wait calmly" their response, "could wait indefinitely." He established their return to work as a condition of his response to employees and stated that the issue "no longer revolved around the eight-hour workday," with which Friedrichs had already "conformed intimately," but for his "authority of Master and employer".


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
The strikers stayed firm for a week. At the end of this period, Friedrichs reported that he was to reduce the working day to nine hours and imposed an ultimatum: if workers rejected this proposal, they should remove their instruments from work until seventeen hours the next day. The marble workers named a commission to reach an agreement with Friedrichs, who remained uncompromising. The Commission, in turn, stated to the boss that workers would go on strike while their demands were not met.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
On the next day, a group of strikers tried to withdraw their tools from the workshop, but the boss refused to deliver them and asked for police protection. The workers convinced the police that they were only claiming what already belonged to them and, when the police gave up, they entered quietly in the establishment, they collected their belongings and left.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
On September 10, the socialist Francisco Xavier da Costa offered to mediate the conflict, writing Friedrichs and arguing that it would be "absolutely impossible to reach an agreement between you and your former workers, provided that you do not have the benevolence of meeting what they have requested, that is - the reduction of labor to eight hours daily." Despite being Brazilian and mestiço, Xavier da Costa had ties with the German-speaking community  and had already acted as mediator between bosses and employees in the strike of the wiring and tissues company in the previous year. For these reasons - and also in an attempt to strengthen his leadership in the local labor movement and block the advancement of the anarchists - he tried to seek a negotiated exit to the conflict.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Marbles strike
During the month of September, almost all the workers of the city remained in solidarity with the strikers. On September 25, nine marble workers, including Henry Faccini, embarked down to Rio de Janeiro, where they would be employed in the eight-hour regime. Representatives from various associations of workers attended the port in a demonstration of support for the marble workers.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Soon after the strike statement, the marble workers founded the Marbles Union and called the workers of the city to join the fight, through a manifesto in which they asked for the adhesion of the local operations to the idea of the eight hour day. On September 9, the masons and hatters responded to the call by organizing their own unions. Textile workers and tailors also began to organize and the union of the metallurgists was encouraged to enter into action.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Xavier da Costa and Carlos Cavaco, the main socialist leaders from Porto Alegre, began to organize workers' rallies inciting the workers to fight for the eight-hour day. The first of these rallies occurred on September 11. On the 20th of the same month, when the city celebrated the Farroupilha Revolution, Xavier da Costa, Carlos Cavaco and the German Socialist José Zeller-Rethaler spoke to workers. On the 23rd, a Sunday, Xavier da Costa and Carlos Cavaco promoted a new rally in Customs Square in the center of Porto Alegre.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Xavier da Costa spoke on the antagonism between the working class and the bourgeoisie; Cavaco attacked "the stupid bourgeoisie and its extravagances" while the workers faced misery. He also talked about the workers' movement in Germany and France and emphasized the need for local initiatives to unite in a federation. In addition, he advised workers to physically resist the demands of the "potented exploiters, if necessary, raising barricades in the middle of the streets and demanding their ideals with an olive branch in one hand and the other, if necessary, a dynamite bomb." Along the strike, Cavaco was the only leader that publicly advised the use of violence against bosses.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
With the arrival the month of October, workers in other industrial sectors joined the marble workers. On day 3, in the morning, the metallurgists gathered at the Railroad Cafe, on rua Voluntários da Pátria, where they decided to join the strike and demand, beyond the decrease of working hours, a salary increase. On the same day, the workers of the Phoenix foundry, the foundry and shipyard of Alberto Bins, the Arbós & Salvador furniture factories, the shipyards of José Becker and the foundry of Jacques Max adhered to the strike, according to Jornal do Commercio.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
The next day, the workers of the Silva Só & Son Iron Foundry and the pairs that worked in the works of the American bookstore also joined the movement. At the Kappel & Arnt Furniture Factory the workers did not get to strike, since the owners of that establishment advanced in the negotiations and, in accordance with those of Arbós & Salvador factories, reduced the workday to an average of nine hours daily, which was accepted by both factories workers. The workers of Arbós & Salvador, which the day before had adhered to the strike, returned to work.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Xavier da Costa and Carlos Cavaco, in an attempt to direct the movement, divided into the functions of advertising and organization of the strike. On October 3, while Xavier da Costa participated in the Metallurgical Meeting at the Railroad Café, Cavaco made an address at the Union headquarters in the Morro São Pedro to Masons and Woodworkers, counseling the greatest calm and whole order in the peaceful resistance they should offer to bosses. According to historian Benito Schmidt, the change in the tone of the speeches - especially by Carlos Cavaco - must be attributed to the wish of the socialist leaders in attracting the sympathies of other social groups to the cause of workers.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
On the afternoon of the 5th, industrialists, contractors and merchants held a meeting to find a means of solving the impasse with the workers. At that meeting, Alberto Bins emerged as a leader, then becoming the most influential articulator of the employer group. Most entrepreneurs agreed to establish a nine-hour workday. Faced with this, Bins proposed that this workday be adopted unanimously by all bosses.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Entrepreneurs established an agreement establishing that the nine-hour workday proposal would not be modified; whereas the workers who took part in the strike could not be accepted at another establishment within the period of thirty days, provided that they did not exhibit any justification of their former bosses; and the appointment of a commission to deal with the police chief Pedro Afonso Mibielli in order to ensure that workers willing to abandon the movement could return to work.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Bins also proposed the creation of a society of industrialists, whose function would be to "deliberate every time their interests were at stake."


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
The patron position became clear in the declarations of Bins to the Correio do Povo of the day 7: tending him, nor "in old Europe, where the socialist party, after the Catholic is the strongest, has not yet been able to impose his will", and that the adoption of the eight-hour workday in the Gaucho capital "would constitute this fact a victory of such a nature, which would put the bosses in the position of clerks of his workers, who, tomorrow, would judge in the right to make new impositions." The offer of the nine-hour workday meant, still according to bins, a proof of the benevolence of entrepreneurs.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
The proposal of the nine-hour workday was not accepted by the workers and, on the same day, Xavier da Costa and Carlos Cavaco announced the foundation of Workers' Federation of Rio Grande do Sul (FORGS). At first, anarchists did not participate in FORGS. It is not clear whether the libertarians were left aside at the foundation of the federation or if they decided not to adhere to it. Anarchists were already organized in the International Workers' Union, founded in the previous year, and the creation of FORGS was partly an opposition movement to them.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Despite the public demonstrations of the working class unions around the demand of the eight-hour workday, from the start of the general strike there were conflicts between anarchists and socialists. In one of the most tense moments of this conflict, the anarchists were expelled from a meeting that had been summoned by the Socialists at the headquarters of the Medret Union Society. These conflicts were based on, as well as personal disagreements, various conceptions about the way the strike should be conducted, despite the common goal. Socialists wanted to subordinate the strike to their command, presenting themselves as the "bosses" or "directors" of the movement. The anarchists, in turn, rejected the idea of a centralized organization and defended the use of direct action.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
On October 8, entrepreneurs did publish in the press a warning announcing return to work from the 10th, establishing the nine-hour workday and stating that "if it is not accepted by the above time, they strictly declare that they will close their factories and will support the workers until a new deliberation." On the same day, Xavier da Costa and Carlos Cavaco led a demonstration in the neighborhood of Navigantes, where about four thousand workers met to demonstrate opposition to the proposal of the industrialists.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
During the march, a group of female workers went to Cavaco's meeting offering flowers and asking him to go to the tribune, which he did, speaking between accounts of demonstrators. Manifestations, however, were not always peaceful and orderly. On the 5th, a group of about a thousand strikers forced the staff who worked in the works of Caixa d'Agua and the Reservoir of Intendance, in Moinhos de Vento, to abandon the service under threat of beatings, and remained gathered there all afternoon, raising a large red flag at the top of the hill.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
On the same day, another group of strikers was able to avoid some workers to return to work at the spinning and tissues factory of Manoel Py, which addressed the police chief Pedro Mibielli to request the dispersion of the piquet line. Even in the presence of the police, the strikers maintained the attitude taken, and the factory could not be reopened.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
The female presence on the strike was highlighted by the local press. O Correio do Povo stated that the number of working women between the strikers was "huge, and about them, especially, they sought and managed to exert influence and dominance over the campaign promoters." The large number of women strikers publicly evidenced a new reality: the growing hiring of women's labor in industries. The workers joined the movement very early and as a group. On October 5, the "feminine element of the proletariat" of the textile, clothing and candy industries joined workers on strike.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Submitted to a rigid discipline in factories and receiving lower wages than men, women had a visible participation in the public statements of the strike, marching together through the city streets demanding the eight-hour workday and tearing red dresses to make ties that they wore on their chests as a class symbol, contributing to these manifestations becoming "street and theater shows". However, not all women were strike enthusiasts. On October 14, O Correio do Povo reported that women strikers organized "flocks to attack and assault the workers who returned to the factories."


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
At the height of the strike, the number of striking workers reached five thousand. However, not all sectors participated in the movement. On October 8, graphic workers held a meeting at the Vitório Emanuele II Vitary Association, aiming at the Foundation of the Graphics Union. Despite the large number of attendants, graphic workers decided not to adhere to the strike, since they already worked under the eight-hour regime.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
On the same day, Victor Barreto, owner of Progresso Industrial, invited his employees to a meeting at night, where they could declare themselves on strike, but that of his part, he was not willing to make deals. His employees, in turn, stated that they had nothing to complain, because they were satisfied not only with the job they had but also with the freedom of what they enjoyed, exalting the kind form by which they were treated by their bosses.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
On October 10, as they had announced, entrepreneurs reopened their establishments, supported by police forces. However, most of the workers did not return to work. In the spinning and tissue company, which employed 400 workers, only 25 went to the service; in the factories of Alberto Bins, no one attended work. The determination of workers in continuing the strike is explained by the difficulty of replacing their labor. Qualified workers knew that they could not be easily replaced in the limited local market, since most of the Porto-Alegrense industry employed only specialized labor.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
In the face of the impasse in the negotiations, Carlos Cavaco received two anonymous letters in a threatening tone, which advised him to abandon the leadership of the movement. Cavaco, as a form of defense and self-promotion, exposed the letters in the door of the Railway Cafe, drawing the attention of the curious. Seeking to bring an end to the conflict, some entrepreneurs established separate agreements with their workers, lacking the agreement signed at the meeting on the 5th and indicating divergences between the employer group.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
On October 9, the workers of the quarries of Cesar Ognibene, Antônio Divan, Antônio Locatelli, Swedo Janson and Di Gian Pietro Giovanni released a manifesto in the Petit Journal, stating that they obtained the eight-hour workday and thanking the owners for the "grandiose and just grant". Gregory da Silva, Attilio Santa Catharina, João Bertotti, Hugo Ferrini and Oscar Teichmann, also agreed to reduce working time in their establishments. Nicolau Rocco, owner of the famous Rocco Confectionery, in addition to granting eight hours to his employees, opened a subscription to assist the strikers and contributed with 100,000 reis.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Despite these partial victories, the economic situation of the strikers became delicate after more than a week stopped. Some butchers and retailers stopped selling IOUs to strikers, persuaded by entrepreneurs who intended to oblige workers to give in to hunger. Trying to remedy economic difficulties, Carlos Cavaco conducted a literary conference for the benefit of strikers, "certain dealer" offered the workers ten bean bags and a FORGS commission started to prepare resistance funds, acquiring money, food and sending requests for help to other localities. The Workers' Union of Pelotas and the workers of Cruz Alta answered the call of FORGS and sent resources to cheerful port strikers.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
Throughout the strike, the state and municipal governments were limited to the vigilance of the manifestations and the defense of employees who wanted to work, without intervening in negotiations between bosses and employees. Influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, the Gaucho governors defended the "incorporation of the proletariat to modern society," provided that within the established order, and the non-intrusion of the public authorities in the relations between capital and work.


1906 Porto Alegre general strike, The strike, Generalization of strike
The local press, especially O Correio do Povo, adopted a hostile posture in relation to the strike, accusing foreign workers of the rare cases in which the strikers crossed the line between peaceful protest and violence. On October 16, for example, the newspaper noticed that two young employees of the wiring and tissue factories were assaulted by two strikers "of German origin," and accused "two German subjects" - the Socialists Wilhelm Koch and Zeller-Rethaller - of being the main "promoters and instigators of the movement". Other moments, O Correio do Povo accused foreign strikers of ingratitude and disloyalty for protesting in the country that had given them prosperity and social mobility, using the "savings and properties obtained from wages earned here" to support them in a strike.