18th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Sigel's Expedition from Martinsburg to New Market April 29-May 17. Battle of New Market May 15. Hunter's Expedition to Lynchburg May 26-July 1. Advance on Staunton May 26-June 5. Action at Piedmont, Mount Crawford, June 5. Occupation of Staunton June 6. Lynchburg June 17–18. Moved to Camp Piatt, then to Parkersburg, Cumberland, Martinsburg, Harpers Ferry, and Snicker's Ford July 1–18. Snicker's Ferry July 18. Battle of Kernstown, Winchester, July 24. Martinsburg July 25. At Charlestown, West Virginia, October, and at Martinsburg October 1–29. Moved to New Haven, Conn., and duty at Conscript Camp November 11. Moved to Martinsburg, West Virginia, November 11–13, then to Halltown November 23, and duty there March 1865 and at Martinsburg June.


18th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 152 men during service; 4 officers and 67 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 80 enlisted men died of disease.


18th Corps (People's Republic of China)
The 18th Corps (Chinese: 第18军) was a military formation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army which existed from 1949 to 1950.


18th Corps (People's Republic of China)
The 18th Corps was activated in February 1949, and initially comprised the 52nd, 53rd and 54th Divisions. It was established at Henan Luyi County Wutai Temple on 18 February 1949.


18th Corps (People's Republic of China)
On January 6, 1950, the 18th CPC Central Committee and the Southwest Military Region ordered the 18th Army to enter Tibet, under the cooperation of the 14th Army and the Northwest Military Region.


18th Corps (People's Republic of China)
In December 1951, the CPC Central Committee and Central Military Commission decided to establish the Tibet Military Region. The district was established in Lhasa on February 10, 1952, and on 17 March 1952 the 18th Corps was disbanded.


18th Critics' Choice Awards
The 18th Critics' Choice Awards were presented on January 10, 2013 at the Barker Hangar at the Santa Monica Airport, honoring the finest achievements of 2012 filmmaking. The ceremony was broadcast on The CW and hosted by Sam Rubin. The nominees were announced on December 11, 2012.


18th Critics' Choice Awards, Winners and nominees
Quvenzhane Wallis – Beasts of the Southern Wild as Hushpuppy


18th Critics' Choice Awards, Winners and nominees
Bradley Cooper – Silver Linings Playbook as Patrizio Solitano Jr.


18th Critics' Choice Awards, Winners and nominees
Anna Karenina – Sarah Greenwood (Production Design)/Katie Spencer (Set Decoration)


18th Cruiser Division (Imperial Japanese Navy)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 20:26, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


18th Cruiser Division (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 18th Cruiser Division (CruDiv 18, 第十八戦隊, Dai-Jūhachi Sentai) was a cruiser unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The division was part of the 4th Fleet and consisted of the light cruisers Tenryū and Tatsuta.


18th Cruiser Squadron
The 18th Cruiser Squadron  was a formation of cruisers of the Royal Navy from 1939 to 1942. The squadron was formed in September 1939 and was assigned to the Home Fleet until it was disbanded in October 1942. It included HMS Norfolk.


18th César Awards
The 18th César Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma, honoured the best French films of 1992 and took place on 8 March 1993 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Marcello Mastroianni and hosted by Frédéric Mitterrand. Savage Nights won the award for Best Film.


18th Daytime Emmy Awards
The 18th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, June 27, 1991, on CBS, to commemorate excellence in American daytime programming from the previous year (1990). The awards were hosted by The Price Is Right host Bob Barker. For the first time, they aired in the evening, from 9 to 11 p.m. EST.


18th Delaware General Assembly
The 18th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, Delaware, convening January 7, 1794, two weeks before the beginning of the second year of the administration of Governor Joshua Clayton.


18th Delaware General Assembly
The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.


18th Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
Senators were elected by the public for a three-year term, one third posted each year.


18th Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
Representatives were elected by the public for a one-year term.


18th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 18th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in film and television in 1965, were presented in 1966.


18th Division (German Empire)
The 18th Division (18. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed on October 11, 1866, and was headquartered in Flensburg. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the IX Army Corps (IX. Armeekorps). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in Schleswig-Holstein.


18th Division (German Empire), Combat chronicle
In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the 18th Infantry Division saw action in the battles of Colombey and Gravelotte and in the Siege of Metz. After the Battle of Noiseville, the division entered the Loire campaign, fighting in the battles of 2nd Orléans, Beaugency-Cravant, and Le Mans.


18th Division (German Empire), Combat chronicle
During the opening phases of World War I, the 18th Infantry Division participated in the Battle of Liège, the Allied Great Retreat, the First Battle of the Marne, and the First Battle of the Aisne. In 1916, it saw action in the Somme, and in 1917 it was involved in the Battles of Arras and Passchendaele. In 1918, it participated in the German spring offensive and the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, including the Hundred Days Offensive. Allied intelligence rated it a first class division.


18th Division (German Empire), Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War
During wartime, the 18th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 18th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:


18th Division (German Empire), Pre-World War I organization
German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The organization of the 18th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:


18th Division (German Empire), Order of battle on mobilization
On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 18th Division was again renamed the 18th Infantry Division. The 18th Infantry Division's initial wartime organization was as follows:


18th Division (German Empire), Late World War I organization
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 18th Infantry Division's order of battle on March 8, 1918, was as follows:


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 18th Division (第18師団, Dai-jūhachi Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Chrysanthemum Division (菊兵團, Kiku heidan). The 18th Division was one of two infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army immediately after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as part of the post war expansion of the standing Japanese military. The division received its colors on 13 November 1907. Its original headquarters was in a suburb of the city of Kurume in Fukuoka Prefecture.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In World War I the division was strengthened by an additional infantry brigade (the IJA 29th Brigade) and, led by Lieutenant General Kamio Mitsuomi, was given an independent command in the Siege of Tsingtao of the German colony of Tsingtao in the Shandong peninsula, China in October 1914, forcing a surrender of German forces after a week-long assault. Notably, an aircraft from divisional air force has become the first airplane ever downed in the air-to-air combat.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
However, on 1 May 1925, the division was dissolved by Minister of War Ugaki Kazushige as part of a cost-saving measure during the Kato Takaaki administration, together with the 13th, 15th and 17th divisions.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 18th Division was resurrected in September 1937 as a square division as a part of general military build-up following the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War. As part of the IJA 10th Army under the overall command of the Japanese Central China Area Army it was deployed to the Chinese mainland, as an emergency reinforcement force to supplement the Japanese Shanghai Expeditionary Army in China after the Second Shanghai Incident. The Japanese 18th division subsequently participated in the Battle of Nanjing and the subsequent atrocities known as the Nanking Massacre.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
From September 1938, the division came under the control of the IJA 21st Army, and participated in the Canton Operation and the invasion and occupation of Guangdong Province under the command of Lieutenant General Seiichi Kuno. The division remained in China through the 1939–40 Winter Offensive under the command of Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
From 6 November 1941 the division came under the command of Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi and was reassigned to the IJA 25th Army (which was under the command of General Yamashita Tomoyuki). It participated in the invasion of Malaya and Singapore. The 124th Infantry Regiment and some other units of the 18th Division took part in the Battle of Borneo from 16 December 1941 on.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Following the conquest of Singapore, the division was transferred to the IJA 15th Army for the invasion of Burma, where it suffered over 3000 casualties, primarily from malnutrition and malaria in securing control of the Ledo Road. The supply situation was so bad that some elements of the division stole rations and weapons from the stores of 53rd division, in Tanai Township earning for themselves the nickname of "thief troopers".


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In 1942, the division's Kawaguchi Detachment (the 35th Infantry Brigade and 124th Infantry Regiment) was detached and sent to Sarawak, the Philippines and finally to Guadalcanal. There, it took heavy losses in the battles of Edson's Ridge and Henderson Field. After the detachment, the main body of the division was converted to the triangular division format in 1943, while the detachment became the 31st division.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Late in 1943, Mutaguchi was promoted and replaced as commander of the division by Lieutenant-General Shinichi Tanaka. Transferred to the IJA 33rd Army, and operations in northern Burma, the 18th Division fought against the American-led Chinese divisions advancing on Mogaung and Myitkyina, and against the British Chindits operating behind their lines. Although suffering heavy losses, the division nevertheless inflicted many casualties and imposed severe delays on the Allies. Especially hit was the 114th infantry regiment which suffered about 2000 combat casualties while holding an important rail and road hub of Myitkyina in 1944 while under command of the 56th division.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In the aftermath of the disastrous Battle of Imphal in March–July 1944, Lieutenant-General Shinichi Tanaka exchanged divisional appointment with Lieutenant-General Eitaro Naka, formerly Chief of Staff of the Burma Area Army. In the 1945 campaigning season, the division once again lost many thousands of men in the Battle of Central Burma, particularly at Meiktila, south of Mandalay. During the battle, the division was reinforced by 119th infantry regiment from the 53rd division in attempts to recapture Meiktila from the Allies.


18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 18th division ended the war in southern Burma. Of the 31,444 men of the division sent to Burma, more than 20,000 did not make it home to Japan.


18th Division (North Korea)
The 18th Division was a military formation of the Korean People's Army during the 20th Century.


18th Division (North Korea)
Fought in the First Battle of Seoul. After the U.S. Marines ground down the hill defenses on Seoul's west side and entered Seoul proper on 25 September, the NKPA's 18th Division commander had decided that the battle was lost and began withdrawing his unit, which had been fighting in the Yongdungp'o area south of the Han River.


18th Division (South Vietnam)
The 18th Division was an infantry division in the III Corps of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). The U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam considered the 18th as undisciplined and it was well known throughout the ARVN for its "cowboy" reputation. In 1975 the 18th was made famous for its tenacious defense of Xuân Lộc, the last major battle before the Fall of Saigon.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
The Division was initially activated as the 10th Infantry Division in May 1965 under the command of General Lữ Mộng Lan. By the end of 1965 the US advisers to the Division regarded General Lan as "moody and vacillatory" and "a marginal commander who would have to be worked with." They gave Lan high marks for his "perceptiveness and dexterity in civil affairs and troop morale" but saw his interest in local politics as too distracting.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
Although they found his three regimental commanders "capable and willing people," they felt that it was too early to judge if the Division was going to jell into a fighting unit. COMUSMACV General William Westmoreland predicted that combined operations with the US 1st Infantry Division and the 173rd Airborne Brigade would inspire the Division to higher standards.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
In early May 1966 General Westmoreland suggested a "buddy" effort, matching the US 173d Airborne Brigade and the 1st Australian Task Force with the Division.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
In 1967 MACV assessed that the three ARVN divisions surrounding Saigon, the Division, 5th and the 25th Division had shown no improvement, and US advisers considered their commanders, Generals Do Ke Giai, Pham Quoc Thuan (5th Division) and Phan Trong Chinh (25th Division), flatly incompetent. The senior Junta generals had repeatedly agreed on the need to replace them, but, for political reasons, had taken no action. Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) leader Robert Komer accused several battalion commanders in the Division of using the new pacification mission as an excuse to withdraw from all meaningful operations, except to provide for their own self-protection.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
On 27/8 June 1967 units of the Division engaged forces from the Viet Cong (VC) 5th Division near Tuc Trung and had to be assisted by the US 1st Squadron, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment which was conducting Operation Akron. ARVN losses were 51 killed, but they killed 167 VC while US forces claimed a further 49.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
From 3 November 1967 to 5 January 1968 the Division participated in Operation Santa Fe, a security operation with the US 1st Brigade, 9th Infantry Division and the 1st Australian Task Force against the VC 5th Division's base in the May Tao Secret Zone.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
From 8 April to 31 May 1968 the Division participated in Operation Toan Thang I to continue pressure on PAVN/VC forces in III Corps after the successful Operation Quyet Thang. The operation involved nearly every combat unit in III Corps. The operation was a success with allied forces claiming 7645 VC/PAVN killed, however the operation did not prevent the PAVN/VC from launching their May Offensive attacks against Saigon.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
In September 1968 MACV rated General Giai as inept and Division advisers noted that the Division was even a "laughing stock" to the Vietnamese. II Field Force, Vietnam commander Lt. Gen. Walter T. Kerwin Jr. appealed to COMUSMACV General Creighton Abrams for help, and the MACV commander reportedly "raised hell" with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu over the matter, but Thiệu, perhaps feeling safer with old friends like Giai around the capital to keep a watch on his rivals, did nothing.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
On 15 January 1969 the Headquarters and 3rd Battalion 52nd Regiment and the 5th Marine Battalion joined Operation Goodwood with the 1st Australian Task Force replacing the 1st Marine Battalion.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
In June 1969 the new II Field Force commander Lt. Gen. Julian Ewell initiated the Dong Tien (or "Progress Together") Program with III Corps commander, General Đỗ Cao Trí, to "buddy up US and ARVN units to conduct combined operations [that would]... maximize the effectiveness of both forces [and] achieve in 2, 3, or 4 months a quantum jump in ARVN and RF/PF performance." The US 199th Light Infantry Brigade moved to Xuan Loc, headquarters of the Division, and began a series of combined operations with what was still considered one of the worst units in the ARVN.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
In July 1969, Maj. Gen. Roderick Wetherill, the IV Corps senior adviser, suggested deploying elements of the Division out of the placid Saigon area and into the delta border regions where they might pick up some useful combat experience, however Lt. Gen. Ewell treated the proposal as a joke saying "the 18th couldn't hit the ground with their hat in Delta terrain against the VC" and insisted they stay at home, out of harm's way. General Abrams apparently agreed and let the matter drop.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
In August 1969 Giai was finally replaced as Division commander by General Lam Quang Tho, however US officials had major reservations about this replacement, not regarding Tho as a dynamic leader. One MACV evaluation later described Tho as a "highly respected and admired general," while another judged him to be a "coward and military incompetent."


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1965-1971
On 20 September 1971 the Division base camp located 2 km west of Tây Ninh received 50 82mm mortar rounds followed by a sapper attack by an estimated PAVN battalion. The PAVN lost 52 killed and 9 captured and 17 individual and two crew-served weapons, while the Division lost 21 killed. On 22 September elements of the 1st Battalion, 43rd Infantry Regiment operating 12 km north of Tây Ninh engaged a PAVN force, supported by ARVN and U.S. artillery and U.S. helicopter gunships killing 20 PAVN and capturing 3 individual and four crew-served weapons.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
During the Easter Offensive in late March 1972 the Division's 2nd Battalion, 52nd Infantry Regiment and 1st Battalion, 48th Infantry Regiment were both transferred to the 5th Division to serve as a border screen. During the Battle of Loc Ninh, on 6 April 5 Division commander Brigadier General Lê Văn Hưng organised the 2 Battalions as Task Force 52 and ordered them to move north to relieve the 9th Infantry Regiment under siege in Lộc Ninh. As the 2nd Battalion to advance towards Lộc Ninh it was ambushed at the junction of National Highway 13 and Route 17.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
Unable to withstand the VC's superior firepower, it was forced to withdraw. To prevent Task Force 52 from evacuating to either Lộc Ninh or An Lộc, the VC pursued Task Force 52 and bombarded their bases with heavy artillery throughout the day. As Lộc Ninh fell on the morning of 7 April at 09:00 General Hưng ordered Task Force 52 to abandon its bases, destroy all heavy weapons and vehicles, and withdraw to An Lộc, following their failed attempt at reinforcing Lộc Ninh.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
As Task Force 52 tried to break through National Highway 13, they ran into another large VC ambush. It would take the soldiers of Task Force 52 about a week to reach An Lộc, infiltrating through PAVN/VC positions along the main road. The next step in the offensive was the Battle of An Lộc.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
On 13/4 June a regiment of the Division was landed in An Lộc to reinforce the exhausted 5th Division. On 11 July the entire Division arrived at An Lộc to replace the 5th Division. The Division would spread out from An Lộc and push the PAVN back, increasing control in the area. On 8 August the Division launched an assault to retake Quần Lợi Base Camp but were stopped by the PAVN in the base's reinforced concrete bunkers.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
A further attack was launched on 9 August with limited gains and attacks on the base continued for the next 2 weeks eventually gaining one third of the base. The ARVN finally attacked the PAVN occupied bunkers with TOW missiles and M-202 rockets and this broke the PAVN defense forcing the remaining defenders to flee the base.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
Following the battle Col. Lê Minh Đảo was appointed to replace General Tho in command of the Division.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, Easter Offensive
In late November the Division was replaced at An Lộc by the 3rd, 5th and 6th Ranger Groups.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
In April 1974 during the Battle of Svay Rieng a battalion from the Division formed part of the reserves for the battle and another battalion formed part of a task force that swept PAVN base areas in the Angel's Wing () area of Cambodia.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
From 16 May to 2 July 1974 the Division fought the PAVN 7th and 9th Divisions in the Battle of the Iron Triangle, until relieved by the 5th Division. In mid-November the 48th and 52nd Regiments rejoined the battle in its final phases.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
On 9 December in response to the PAVN 812th Regiment attack on Tánh Linh District III Corps ordered the Division, with the 7th Ranger Group attached, from Xuân Lộc to reinforce the territorials in Bình Tuy Province. When the 32d Ranger Battalion fell into a well-laid ambush along Route 333 and sustained heavy casualties, it became clear that the PAVN 33rd Regiment was not going to permit the reinforcement of Bình Tuy to proceed without a fight.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
Later the 1st and 2d Battalions of the 48th Regiment joined the attack along Route 333 and were soon in heavy combat north of Gia Ray. In the days that followed, the 85th Ranger Battalion made it a four-battalion task force pushing up Route 333, but the lead elements never made it past Gia Huynh, still 16 km south of Hoai Duc. The PAVN 33rd Regiment was dug in along the road, well supported by mortars and artillery.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
On 17 December Duy Can Village, between Vo Xu and Tanh Linh, was overrun by the PAVN 812th Regiment, and the few survivors of the 700th RF Company struggled into Tánh Linh. Although outposts still in ARVN hands, as well as Hoai Duc and Tánh Linh were receiving heavy indirect fire, General Dư Quốc Đống, commanding III Corps ordered the Division not try to press forward past Gia Huynh on Route 333. With his Corps under attack from Tay Ninh to Phuoc Long, he was unwilling to risk having four of his battalions cut off and decimated.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
Meanwhile, the PAVN blew a bridge south of Hoai Duc, occupied Vo Xu, and increased the intensity of its attack on Tánh Linh. Following a 3000 round bombardment on 23 and 24 December, the PAVN launched five successive assaults, finally overrunning the last defenses in Tánh Linh on Christmas. Hoai Duc, meanwhile, was under attack by the PAVN 274th Infantry, 6th Division.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1973–74
After the PAVN 274th Regiment had penetrated the local defenses of Hoai Duc and had gained a foothold in the northeastern and southwestern edges of the town, the Division moved the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 43rd Regiment by helicopter west and north of the town respectively, and beganpushing the PAVN out. While two battalions of the 48th Regiment held their positions on Route 333 north of Gia Ray, the tired and depleted 7th Ranger Group was withdrawn to Binh Duong Province to rest and refit. Since all available battalions of the Division had been committed, the JGS moved the 4th Ranger Group from Kontum to Long Binh where it was rested and re-equipped and made available to General Dong as a reserve.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The Division's counterattack to drive the PAVN out of Hoai Duc District progressed slowly but steadily, amply supported by RVNAF air strikes, and the PAVN 274th Regiment was forced to give ground as casualtiesmounted. Meanwhile, leaving a small occupying force in Tánh Linh, the PAVN 812th Regiment, battered by air strikes, pulled back into the safety of the deep jungle between Tánh Linh and Hoai Duc.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The PAVN 33rd Regiment, its ranks also depleted during an intense, month-long campaign, still held roadblocks along Route 333 in mid-January but was feeling the pressure of the Division battalions pushing in both directions along the road. During the last week of January 1975, the ARVN had the road cleared from Gia Ray to Hoai Duc and by February had reoccupied the village of Vo Xu. The Bình Tuy campaign was over, losses had beenhigh for both sides and the remote eastern sector of the province remained in PAVN control.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The ARVN still controlled the most populous area of the province and had prevented the PAVN 6th Division from permanently closing the province's two major highways, 20 and 1, which passed Bình Tuy Province on the north and south. To forestall any PAVN attempt to reassert control in the recovered areas, the new III Corps commander, Lt. Gen. Nguyễn Văn Toàn, ordered the Division to maintain a sizable force in Bình Tuy , but to prepare for employment elsewhere as the Corps' reserve.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
As of mid-February, the 43rd Regiment was along Route 333 between Hoai Duc and Gia Huynh; the 52nd Regiment headquarters with its 2nd Battalion was at the division base at Xuân Lộc while its 1st and 3rd Battalions operated in Định Quán District and Gia Ray, respectively; and the 48th Regiment was in Corps' reserve at Long Binh Post.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
On 14 March General Toàn ordered the 48th Regiment, reinforced with armored personnel carriers from Corps' reserve in Long Binh to reinforce Khiem Hanh and Go Dau Ha. While a battalion of the 48th Regimentattacked west out of Go Dau Ha to clear Route 1 to the Cambodian frontier, the 46th Regiment attacked north along Route 22 to help territorials clear the road to Tay Ninh against heavy resistance and intense artillery fire, however Route 22 between Go Dau Ha and Tay Ninh remained closed.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The rest of the Division was spread out, with the 1st Battalion, 43rd Regiment securing Route 20 north of Xuân Lộc, the 2nd Battalion was south of Định Quán and the 3rd Battalion was in Hoai Duc District Town in Bình Tuy Province. The 52nd Regiment, minus its 3rd Battalion on Route 1 between Bien Hoa and Xuân Lộc, was in Xuân Lộc with elements operating northwest of the town.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The PAVN began their Long Khánh-Bình Tuy campaign with strong attacks against ARVN positions on the two principal lines of communication in the region, Highways 1 and 20 striking outposts, towns, bridges and culverts north and east of Xuan Loc. On 17 March, the PAVN 209th Infantry Regiment and the 210th Artillery Regiment, 7th Division, opened what was to become the Battle of Xuân Lộc. The 209th struck first at Định Quán, north of Xuân Lộc, and at the La Nga bridge, west of Định Quán.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
Eight tanks supported the initial assault on Định Quán, and PAVN artillery fire destroyed four 155mm. howitzers supporting the territorials. Anticipating the attack, General Lê Minh Đảo, commanding the Division, had reinforced the La Nga bridge the day before, but the intense fire forced a withdrawal from the bridge. After repeated assaults, the 209th Infantry penetrated Định Quán and the 2nd Battalion, 43rd Infantry, as well as the RF battalion were forced to withdraw with heavy losses on 18 March.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
Also on 17 March, the 3rd Battalion, 43rd Regiment killed 10 PAVN in heavy fighting northwest of Hoai Duc. At the same time another outpost of Xuân Lộc District, Ong Don, defended by an RF company and an artillery platoon, came under artillery and infantry attack. The PAVN assault was repulsed with heavy losses on both sides, and another RF company, sent to reinforce, ran into strong resistance on Highway 1 west of Ong Don. North of Ong Don, Gia Ray on Route 333 was under attack by the PAVN 274th Infantry Regiment, 6th Division.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The Division headquarters therefore realized that two PAVN divisions, the 6th and the 7th,were committed in Long Khánh. While the battle raged at Gia Ray, another post on Highway 1 west of Ong Don came under attack. Meanwhile, a bridge and a culvert on Highway 1 on each side of the Route 332 junction were blown up by PAVN sappers. Thus, all ARVN forces east of Route 332 were isolated from Xuân Lộc by formidable obstacles and PAVN roadblocks.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
North from Xuan Loc, on Route 20, hamlets along the road were occupied in varying degrees by PAVN soldiers, and the territorial outpost far to the northeast near the Lam Dong boundary was overrun. General Đảo decided to counterattack up Route 20 with his 52nd Regiment, minus one battalion but reinforced with the 5th Armored Cavalry Squadron from Tay Ninh Province. The regiment was ordered to clear the road as far as Định Quán, but the attack quickly stalled as it met heavy resistance well short of its objective.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
Evidence of increasing heavy PAVN commitments in Long Khánh flowed into III Corps headquarters in Bien Hoa. The PAVN 141st Regiment, 7th Division, had apparently participated in the attack on Định Quán. Hoai Duc was overrun by the PAVN 812th Regiment, 6th Division, while that division's other two regiments, the 33rd and 274th, seized Gia Ray. The ARVN outpost on the conical peak of Chua Chan, standing 2,200 feet (670 m) above Xuân Lộc and providing excellent observation, also fell to PAVN 6th Division forces and Xuân Lộc itself began to receive artillery fire, including 105mm. General Toàn responded to the burgeoning threat on his eastern flank first by sending the 5th Armored Cavalry Squadron and then one battalion of the 48th Regiment from Tay Ninh to Long Khánh.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The rest of the 48th Regiment was still heavily engaged near Go Dau Ha. The 3rd Battalion made contact with a PAVN company west of the Vàm Cỏ Đông River on 17 March, killed 36, and captured a number of weapons. On 26 March General Toàn sent the headquarters and two battalions of the 48th Regiment to reinforce Khiem Hanh.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
On 1 April, General Toàn returned the headquarters and two battalions of the 48th Regiment to the Division. The regiment moved to the Xuân Lộc area but sent its 2nd Battalion down to Hàm Tân District on the coast of Bình Tuy Province to secure the city and port while large numbers of refugees poured into the province from the north. About 500 troops, survivors of the 2nd Division, were among those arriving from I Corps. When reorganized and reequipped, they would take over the security mission in Hàm Tân. The 52nd Regiment meanwhile was pressing forward on Route 20 south of Định Quán and in sharp fighting on 1 April killed over 50 PAVN troops. The 43rd Regiment was fighting east along Route 1, near Xuân Lộc and in contact with a major PAVN force.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
After the first PAVN attempt to seize Xuân Lộc had been soundly repulsed, the PAVN 341st Division on 9 April began a second assault on the town. Infantry and tanks were preceded by an artillery bombardment of about 4,000 rounds, one of the heaviest in the war. With tanks firing down the streets, hand-to-hand fighting developed in a fierce battle that lasted until dusk. By that time the 43rd Regiment had driven most of the shattered PAVN force from the town, and the 52nd Regiment base on Route 20 was still in ARVN hands.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The PAVN resumed the attack the next day, this time committing the 165th Regiment of the 7th Division along with regiments of the 6th and 34lst Divisions; again the attack failed. West of Xuân Lộc, between Trảng Bom and the intersection of Highways 1 and 20, the ARVN 322nd Task Force and 1st Airborne Brigade (two battalions) were trying to force their way east against stiff resistance. The PAVN attacked the rear base of the 52nd Regiment on Route 20, the 43rd Infantry in Xuân Lộc and the 82nd Ranger Battalion on 11 April, the third day of the battle.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
At that time the battalion of the 48th Regiment securing Hàm Tân went back to Xuân Lộc and the 1st Airborne Brigade moved in closer to the town. Task Force 322 was making very slow progress opening the road from Trảng Bom to Xuân Lộc, and General Toàn ordered Task Force 315 from Cu Chi to reinforce. On the 12th battalions of the 52nd Regiment were still in heavy fighting north of Xuân Lộc, but the town, although demolished, was still held by the 43rd Regiment.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
PAVN losses to that point were probably in excess of 800 killed, 5 captured, 300 weapons captured, and 11 T-54 tanks destroyed. ARVN casualties had been moderate. Most of the 43rd Regiment was holding east of the town; the 48th was southwest; the 1st Airborne Brigade was south but moving north toward the 82d RangerBattalion; and the 322 Task Force was on Route 1 west of the Route 20 junction attacking toward Xuân Lộc.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
Two resupply missions were flown into the besieged town; on 12 April CH-47 helicopters brought in 93 tons of artillery ammunition and followed with 100 tons the next day. Meanwhile, the RVNAF airplanes flying against intense antiaircraft fire, took a heavy toll of the PAVN divisions around Xuân Lộc. At 2 pm on 12 April RVNAF C-130 Hercules dropped two CBU-55 Fuel Air Explosive bombs on PAVN positions in the town of Xuan Vinh, close to Xuân Lộc, killing about 200 PAVN soldiers. The PAVN assault resumed on 13 April.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
By this time, seven of the nine regiments of the 6th, 7th and 34lst Divisions had been committed to the battle. The attack began at 04:50 against the headquarters and 1st Battalion, 43rd Regiment, and lasted until 09:30. When the PAVN withdrew, they left 235 dead and about 30 weapons on the field. The attack picked up again at noon and lasted until 15:00, but the 43rd, with heavy RVNAF support held.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
Meanwhile the 1st Airborne Brigade continued to attack north toward Xuân Lộc and Task Force 322, now reinforced by the 315th and 316th Task Forces, struck from the west. RVNAF observers had discovered two batteries of l30mm guns northeast of Xuân Lộc and took them under attack. The PAVN continued sending additional forces into III Corps with the 320B and 325th Divisions moving to Long Khánh where they entered the battle on 15 April.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
An artillery bombardment of 1,000 rounds fell on the headquarters and 3rd Battalion, 52nd Regiment, an artillery battalion, and elements of the 5th Armored Cavalry Squadron, four 155mm. and eight 105mm. howitzers were destroyed, and the PAVN infantry and tank attack forced the battered ARVN force back along Route 1. The armored task forces on Route 1 had to pull back also; half of their equipment had been destroyed. The 1st Airborne Brigade, frustrated in its attack toward Xuân Lộc, withdrew through the plantations and jungles toward Bà Rịa in Phước Tuy Province.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
On 19 April as the JGS ordered a general withdrawal from Xuân Lộc, a new defensive line was formed east of Bien Hoa at the town of Trảng Bom which was defended by the remnants of the Division, the 468th Marine Brigade and the reconstituted 258th Marine Brigade. At 04:00 on 27 April the PAVN 341st Division attacked Trang Bom, the initial attack was repulsed but by 08:00 attacks on the flanks broke through and the town was captured with the Division suffering heavy casualties in their retreat.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The PAVN then advanced to the town of Hố Nai (now Tân Hòa), which was held by the Marines. Hố Nai was defended by the 6th Marine Battalion, an M48 tank from the 3rd Armored and Popular Forces. Following an artillery barrage the PAVN attacked Hố Nai, but were met by ARVN artillery losing 30 dead and one T-54 tank destroyed before they pulled back. On 28 April the 341st renewed their attack using 5 T-54s supported by an infantry regiment, but were repulsed in 3 separate attacks losing 3 T-54s and many soldiers.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
On 29 April the entire 341st Division attacked Hố Nai and were again repulsed in 2 hours of fighting. At midday the Marines were ordered to withdraw to defend Bien Hoa and Long Binh. Brigadier General Trần Quang Khôi, commander of the 3rd Armored was given responsibility for defending Bien Hoa, although PAVN shelling had rendered the base unusable. Seeing the regular forces leaving Hố Nai the PAVN renewed their assault at midnight on 30 April, but the town's Popular Forces fought back and were not subdued until dawn.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The PAVN then advanced to Bien Hoa where they were met by the 3rd Armored, at this point the PAVN 4th Corps changed the axis of their advance to the south. On the morning of 30 April the Division and Marines were ordered to retreat from Long Binh to the west bank of the Đồng Nai river, while the 81st Rangers held Bien Hoa Air Base and the 3rd Armored held Bien Hoa.


18th Division (South Vietnam), History, 1975
The 3rd Armored was moving from Bien Hoa to attack PAVN forces when they heard the surrender broadcast of President Dương Văn Minh and BG Khôi halted his advance and disbanded the unit. The 81st Rangers had abandoned the base and had moved west of the Đồng Nai river when they heard the surrender broadcast and then marched towards Saigon to surrender to the PAVN.


18th Division (United States)
There have been a number of 18th Divisions in the history of the United States Army:


18th Division (United States), World War I, Order of battle
Division commander: Colonel James H. Frier (interim), August 21, 1918-September 15, 1918; Brigadier General George H. Estes, September 16, 1918-October 14, 1918; Colonel James H. Frier (interim), October 14, 1918-October 23, 1918; Brigadier General Frederick B. Shaw, October 24, 1919-October 26, 1918; Brigadier General George H. Estes, October 27, 1919-February 14, 1919.


18th Division (United States), World War I, Order of battle
Commander, 35th Infantry Brigade: Colonel Robert C. Williams (interim), August 25, 1918-September 16, 1918; Brigadier General George H. Estes, September 16, 1918-October 13, 1918; Colonel Josephus S. Cecil, October 14, 1918-October 26, 1918; Brigadier General George H. Estes, October 27, 1918-February 14, 1919.


18th Division (United States), World War I, Order of battle
Commander, 36th Infantry Brigade: Colonel James H. Frier (interim), August 21, 1918-October 23, 1918; Brigadier General Frederick B. Shaw (October 24, 1918-February 6, 1919; Colonel James H. Frier, February 7, 1919-February 14, 1919.


18th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 18th Slovenia Division (Slovene: Osemnajsta slovenska divizija, Serbo-Croatian: Osamnaesta slovenačka divizija / Осамнаеста словеначка дивизија) was a Yugoslav Partisan division formed in Zdenska Vas on September 14th, 1943. Upon formation it consisted of around 3,350 soldiers in three brigades, those being: the 8th, 9th and 10th Slovenia Brigades. The division was commanded by Rado Pehaček and its political commissar was Janez Hribar - Tone. On October 3rd, 1943, it became a part of the 7th Corps. The division operated in Slovenia.


18th Dye
18th Dye was a Berlin-based German/Danish noise rock band formed in 1992 by German Sebastian Büttrich (vocals, guitar), Danish-German Heike Rädeker (vocals, bass)  and Dane Piet Breinholm-Bendtsen (drums). They broke up in 1999 after 2 albums and an EP, but reformed in 2005. A third album "Amorine Queen" was released in 2008 but they split up again in 2009.


18th Dye, Biography
Drone-heavy, fuzzed out debut LP Done, produced by Iain Burgess (Naked Raygun, Ministry, Big Black), was released in Germany in 1992 before the band gained a recording and distribution deal with US Independent label Matador Records in 1994, having been championed by Yo La Tengo. The self-produced six song EP Crayon followed in 1994.


18th Dye, Biography
In 1995, 18th Dye moved to Danish label Cloudland Records and recorded their second album, Tribute to a Bus, recorded by Steve Albini at Black Box Recording Studio in Noyant-La-Gravoyère, France. More dynamic and diverse than previous recordings, its blend of noise and melody suggest influences such as Sonic Youth, The Wedding Present and Wire. It is characterised by oblique English-as-second-language, maths based lyrics.


18th Dye, Biography
The band recorded three Peel sessions: in July 1994, March 1995 and February 1999. They broke up in 1999 with Büttrich and Breinholm-Bendtsen going on to form Kikkert and later Test, while Rädeker has played with the bands Evonike and Wuhling. They reformed in the summer of 2005 and have begun to debut new songs at recent shows around Europe. In November 2007, 18th Dye signed a new recording contract with Danish-based record label Crunchy Frog Records (The Raveonettes, Junior Senior, Heavy Trash, PowerSolo, The Naked, epo-555).


18th Dye, Biography
In 2008, a third album Amorine Queen was released and the band toured the USA before breaking up again in 2009. A press statement said of the split "It is not possible for us to compose, create and act as a band any more. We have decided to stop the band at this point.


18th Dye, Biography
After the split Breinholm-Bendtsen established a company in Copenhagen where he designs leather bags.


18th EAC Ordinary summit
The 18th EAC Ordinary summit was held on 20 May 2017 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The focus of the summit was the European Union and East African Community Economic Partnership agreement. Also on the agenda of the meeting was the status of the EAC political federation and the speedy integration of South Sudan. The leadership of the community was also transferred from John Magufuli of Tanzania to Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. The Burundian crisis was significantly neglected during the summit, however, Yoweri Museveni the new chairman of the member bloc vowed to quickly find a solution to the crisis.


18th EAC Ordinary summit, Agenda, Economic Partnership Agreement
The key agenda of the meeting was the EU-EAC Economic partnership agreement. Museveni reiterated that countries such as Kenya and Rwanda that have signed the agreement should not be penalized by the European Union and the countries that have not signed the agreement can not sign the agreement pending various clarifications from the EU. Museveni agreed to lead a delegation of the bloc economic members to Europe to solve various disagreements.


18th EAC Ordinary summit, Agenda, Burundi
The Burundian unrest was discussed as one of the problems during the tenure of John Magufuli and that not much progress has been made to resolve the issue. The summit was not attended by Pierre Nkurunziza, president of Burundi. The delay in the resolution was attributed to the lack of motivation between the disputed parties to negotiate a settlement. Furthermore, the leaders iterated the EU to lift sanctions on Burundi.


18th EAC Ordinary summit, Agenda, Somalia
The leaders read the report on the admission criteria of Somalia into the East African community. Various local leaders warned against the admission of the war torn country until the country can fix its security issues.


18th Empire Awards
The 18th Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Jameson Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine Empire, honored the best films of 2012 and took place on 24 March 2013 at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London, England. During the ceremony, Empire presented Empire Awards in 13 categories as well as four honorary awards. The honorary Outstanding Contribution to British Film Award was renamed Outstanding Contribution. The Art of 3D Award as well as the honorary Empire Legend Award and Outstanding Contribution Award were presented for the last time. The ceremony was televised in the United Kingdom by Sky Movies on March 30. Irish comedian Ed Byrne hosted the show for the first time. The awards were sponsored by Jameson Irish Whiskey for the fifth consecutive year.


18th Empire Awards
In related events, Empire and Jameson Irish Whiskey held the 4th Done In 60 Seconds Competition Global Final on March 22, 2013 at the Google Campus, London, England. The team of judges consisted of Empire editor-in-chief Mark Dinning, Bauer Media CEO Paul Keenan, Sky Movies Premiere, English presenter Alex Zane, Scottish radio DJ Edith Bowman and English actors Joanne Froggatt and Tom Hiddleston, which selected from a shortlist of 23 nominees the five Done In 60 Seconds Award finalists that were invited to the Empire Awards where the winner was announced.


18th Empire Awards
Skyfall won two awards including Best Film and Best Director for Sam Mendes. Other winners included The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey also with two awards and Dredd, Headhunters, Les Misérables, Sightseers, Ted, The Hunger Games, The Impossible and The Woman in Black with one. Daniel Radcliffe received the Empire Hero Award, Sam Mendes received the Empire Inspiration Award, Helen Mirren received the Empire Legend Award and Danny Boyle received the Outstanding Contribution Award. Philip Askins from the United Kingdom won the Done In 60 Seconds Award for his 60-second film version of Blade Runner.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States)
The 18th Engineer Brigade (Theater Army) is an engineer brigade of the United States Army. It is currently a subordinate unit of 21st Sustainment Command (Theater) and is headquartered at Conn Barracks in Schweinfurt, Germany. Soldiers of the 18th Engineer Brigade provide various supportive duties to other Army units, including construction, engineering, and mechanical work on other Army projects.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States)
The brigade served in Europe during World War II, a fact which was included on its Distinctive Unit Insignia when the 20th Engineer Brigade received one on 10 February 1966. The four corners of the crenelated square allude to their four campaigns in World War II, Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland and Central Europe.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States)
The 18th Engineer Brigade later deployed to Vietnam, during the Vietnam War, where its battalions saw six years of combat service and supported fourteen campaigns, building infrastructure for both military and civilian projects. The brigade participated in a massive number of road construction projects and airfield constructions, supporting numerous infantry units and operating all over Vietnam. After serving in Vietnam, the brigade became attached to Seventh United States Army. It has since undertaken and completed numerous projects in support of US Army, Europe, and participated in Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), Organization
The US Army's 18th Engineer Brigade is a subordinate unit of 21st Sustainment Command (Theater). The brigade has been assigned to Europe since February 2007. The brigade is headquartered at Conn Barracks in Schweinfurt, Germany. The brigade's current commander is Colonel Scott A. Petersen, while its Command Sergeant Major is Lauro F. Obeada.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), Organization
In addition to the brigade's Headquarters and Headquarters Company and the 243rd Engineer Detachment (Construction Management), which is located in Grafenwhoer, Germany, two subordinate engineer battalions are permanently attached: the 15th Engineer Battalion headquartered at Grafenwöhr, Germany, and the 54th Engineer Battalion headquartered at Bamberg, Germany.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, World Wars
The lineage of the 18th Engineer Brigade can be traced to 29 July 1921, when its predecessor, the 347th Engineers (General Service), was constituted as an Organized Reserves unit. The 347th Engineers would not be activated for almost twenty years, until the military buildup after the United States entered World War II. The unit was ordered into active military service on 6 May 1942 at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, World Wars
On 1 August 1942, the unit was reorganized and re-designated as the 347th Engineer General Services Regiment. The Regiment deployed to England in February 1944. It entered combat in France on 29 June 1944 and participated in the Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland and Central Europe campaigns of World War II, earning its first Meritorious Unit Commendation. After V-E Day, the regiment remained on occupation duty in Germany until its inactivation on 1 June 1946.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, World Wars
On 15 June 1947, the regiment was reactivated in the organized reserves headquartered in Salt Lake, Utah, and remained there until it was again inactivated on 16 March 1949. On 25 October 1954, the 347th Engineer General Services Regiment was re-designated the 18th Engineer Brigade for the first time and activated as a Regular Army unit at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, where it remained until inactivation on 26 March 1963.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
The 18th Engineer Brigade was reactivated on 16 July 1965 at Fort Bragg, N.C. and prepared for deployment to Vietnam. The 18th Engineer Brigade entered Vietnam in September 1965 with the responsibility for overseeing all Army Engineering operations in Vietnam until the establishment of the U.S. Army Engineer Command, Vietnam, in late 1966.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
Under the command of Colonel C. Craig Cannon, the Brigade prepared for deployment to Vietnam. The Advance Party of the 18th Engineer Brigade arrived at Saigon's Tan Son Nhut Air Base on 3 September 1965. Three days later, Brigadier General Robert R. Ploger assumed command of the Brigade. Within two weeks, the Brigade Headquarters at Tan Son Nhut was fully operational. It had been preceded by the 35th Engineer Group, which built Cam Ranh Bay on a peninsula of sand and in a hostile environment. The brigade assumed responsibility for I Corps and II Corps in the northern part of South Vietnam. The 937th Engineer Group (Combat) at Qui Nhơn was assigned to the Brigade in June 1966.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
Its initial activities centered around rapid development of the port facilities, ammunition dumps, base camps and airfields necessary to support the build-up of US combat forces deploying to Vietnam. During the initial construction phases its combat engineer battalions also provided support for search and destroy missions and defensive operations with the 101st Airborne Division near Ninh Hoa and the 4th Infantry Division at Pleiku.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
On 18 January 1969, an ammunition storage area was completed at Cam Ranh Bay. It had taken two years to build this complex, which covered over 191,700 square feet (17,810 m2). English Airfield was completed on 21 March 1969 near Qui Nhơn. The runway was 3,600 feet (1,100 m) long, 60 feet (18 m) wide, and included a 150—foot by 150—foot turn around area.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
On 3 May 1969, Brigadier General John W. Morris assumed command of the Brigade. Soon afterwards, Brigade engineers finished construction of a cold storage warehouse at the Qui Nhơn Support Command, the first of its kind in Vietnam. Construction of the Tandem Switch Building at Vung Chau Mountain was also completed about this time. This 4,000-square-foot (370 m2) building housed almost US$1 million of communications equipment. During the summer months of 1969, Brigade engineers completed the 200,000-barrel (32,000 m3) capacity Air Force tank farm at Cam Ranh Bay, after laying over 12,000 feet (3,700 m) of pipe to complete the project.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
The beginning of 1970 saw the initiation of the 18th Engineers Brigade's Operation Last Chance, a program of command emphasis and organization for motivation and success of that year's engineer operations. The goals of the program were to maintain primary missions of the combat support as well as insure the completion of the many projects planned for the 1970 construction operations.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
February 1970 saw the completion of a project begun in the summer of the previous year at Qui Nhơn that replaced a temporary floating steel dock with a more permanent structure which could accommodate six ammo barges at once. The port of Qui Nhơn became one of the few supply points where ammunition for the First and Second Military Regions could be handled in bulk quantities simultaneously. Prior to the completion of this new facility, the handling of ammunition there had to take place in other areas, near public housing and fuel storage depots.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
On 3 May 1970, Brigadier General Henry C. Schrader assumed command of the 18th Engineer Brigade. Shortly after this, the most difficult stretch of the roadway that the Brigade had ever undertaken—the 27-kilometer stretch of National Highway QL-11 South in the central highlands region known as Tây Nguyên, commonly referred to as the "Good View Pass", was completed. This road had been carved out from a dangerous mountain pass to a national road in less than one year.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
The Lines of Communication Program, which represents the most significant contribution that the 18th Engineer Brigade had made to the economic growth of Vietnam, consisted of about 1,500 kilometers of road upgrade from 1967 to 1972. After a slow start in the beginning of this work, the Brigade finished some 560 kilometers of highway reconstruction, and improvement in 1970 and another 450 kilometers were scheduled for completion in 1971 by Brigade units.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
In conjunction with the Brigade efforts on the Lines of Communication Program, 18th Brigade engineers was involved in a program of affiliation with ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) engineers. In addition to continuous training programs which the Brigade established to train ARVN equipment operators, the engineers of the 18th provided technical assistance and logistical support to several projects undertaken by the Vietnamese Army, most notably in the construction of the 3,600-foot (1,100 m) bridge at Tuy Hòa. Upon its completion and opening on 13 February 1971, this bridge became the longest overpass of its type ever constructed in the Republic of Vietnam. It would be one of 77 such bridges that the Brigade would construct in the country.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
In support of the XXIV Corps, the 18th Brigade mounted what was described as the "most ambitious engineering effort in Vietnam" at the end of January 1971. The Brigade engineers pushed a roadway across the rugged terrain of the northern Quảng Trị Province to the Laotian border and constructed a 3,200-foot (980 m) by 60-foot (18 m) airfield in little more than a month at Khe Sanh. This construction effort was part of Operation Dewey Canyon II.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
On 20 September 1971 the Brigade was inactivated. Over the six years that it served in Vietnam, the 18th Engineer Brigade was involved in 14 of 17 campaigns, earning four Meritorious Unit Commendations.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Post Vietnam
On 21 October 1977 the 18th Engineer Brigade was reactivated at Karlsruhe, Germany. For 15 years, the Brigade served as the principal construction brigade for the United States Army, Europe and 7th Army. During this period, the Brigade performed numerous construction, rehabilitation and renovation missions in military communities and training areas of the 7th Army. These included an extensive range upgrade of the Grafenwohr Major Training Area in the early 1980s and the construction of the Range 23 complex at the Wildflecken Major Training Area in 1989 and 1990. Additionally, the Brigade was responsible for providing topographic support to the European Theater.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Post Vietnam
In 1990 and 1991, during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, the 18th Engineer Brigade provided rail and sea deployment support to the VII Corps and, in addition, deployed a Combat Heavy Battalion and Topographic Company to support VII Corps operations in Southwest Asia. In April 1991, the Brigade Headquarters, along with elements of the 94th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), deployed to Zakho, Iraq in support of Operation Provide Comfort. While there, the Brigade coordinated all engineer efforts of a Joint and Combined engineer force providing construction and relief support to the Kurdish refugees. The 18th Engineer Brigade was awarded the Joint Meritorious Unit Award for its action during Operation Provide Comfort. As part of the reduction of forces in Europe, the Brigade was inactivated on 15 October 1992.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day
On 18 October 2002 the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army approved the USAREUR and 7th Army Concept Plan to activate the Theater Army Engineer Brigade (TAEB). Today, the 18th Engineer Brigade (Theater Army) marks the return to service of the only active duty TAEB. The unit was officially reactivated on 6 June 2004.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Enduring Freedom
The 18th Engineer Brigade was deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in April 2005. Its primary areas of operation were in and around Bagram, Kandahar, and Sharana, among other locations.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Enduring Freedom
In 2007, the 18th Engineer Brigade was reassigned to V Corps, taking the place of the 130th Engineer Brigade, which returned to the United States. Some of the 130th's units either merged or were reassigned to the 18th Brigade. During this time, the unit participated in road work, construction of Forward Operating Bases, and other activities that enhanced training readiness in and around Campbell Barracks.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Iraqi Freedom 08–10
In 2008, the unit was notified of another upcoming deployment to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. It commands three to five engineer battalions in Multinational Division – North. The battalions support individual Brigade Combat Teams of other units in "Task Force Iron", a combat group led by the 1st Armored Division. They are working to rebuild Iraqi infrastructure, with the cooperation of Iraqi engineers, including construction of roads, airfields, and land moving. The unit cased its colors on 29 April 2008, formally signifying the beginning of its deployment to Iraq.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Iraqi Freedom 08–10
The Brigade spent the first six months of its deployment to Tikrit in central Iraq, working on projects there for Multinational Division-Center under the 10th Mountain Division. On 6 November, the brigade relocated to Kirkuk, unfurling its colors at Forward Operating Base Warrior. The brigade conducted route clearance and construction projects in northern Iraq, while partnered with Iraqi engineers. It replaced the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division in Kirkuk and will was under the area of responsibility of Multinational Division-North led by the 1st Armored Division.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Iraqi Freedom 08–10
In February 2009, the brigade again moved, this time to Nineveh Governorate to focus on construction projects in areas in and around Mosul. It was relieved by 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division. On 17 July 2009, the brigade handed over responsibility of Mosul to the 130th Engineer Brigade. The brigade subsequently returned to Schwetzingen, Germany after its 15-month deployment was finished.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Enduring Freedom
The Brigade deployed to Afghanistan for its second deployment to the country since 2001.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), History, Present day, Operation Enduring Freedom
On 16 May 2014, the 18th Engineer Brigade was inactivated in Schweinfurt Germany.


18th Engineer Brigade (United States), Notable soldiers
Three soldiers from the 18th Engineer Brigade have gone on to serve as Chief of Engineers, the head of the US Army's Corps of Engineers. This is the highest number to come from a single engineer brigade. These three are Lieutenant Generals Joe N. Ballard, John W. Morris, and Walter K. Wilson Jr.. In addition to commanding the brigade from 1987 to 1990, while it was stationed outside of Karlsruhe in Germany, LTG Ballard had also commanded a company in one of the brigade's subordinate battalions, the 864th Engineer Battalion, during its earlier years in Vietnam.


18th European Film Awards
The 18th European Film Awards were presented on December 3, 2005 in Berlin, Germany. The winners were selected by the members of the European Film Academy.


18th FAI World Precision Flying Championship
18th FAI World Precision Flying Championship took place between July 13 - July 19, 2008 in Ried im Innkreis in Austria, altogether with the 16th FAI World Rally Flying Championship (July 20-26).


18th FAI World Precision Flying Championship
There were 62 competitors from 13 countries: Czech Republic (10), Poland (9), Austria (9), France (6), United Kingdom (6), Russia (4), South Africa (4), New Zealand (3), Germany (3), Switzerland (3), Denmark (2), Sweden (2), Slovenia (1).


18th FAI World Precision Flying Championship
Most numerous airplane was Cessna 152 (31 pilots), then Cessna 150 (16) and Cessna 172 (6). There were also two Glastars and Zlin Z-43's, single Zlin Z-42, 3Xtrim, Piper PA-18, HB-23 and Van's RV-7A (the numbers of aircraft participating was lower, for some pilots flew the same aircraft).


18th FAI World Precision Flying Championship, Results, Team
Number of penal points and place of three best competitors:


18th Field Artillery Brigade
The 18th Field Artillery Brigade is the XVIII Airborne Corps field artillery brigade, based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Role and structure
The 18th Field Artillery Brigade is America's Contingency Field Artillery Brigade. The Brigade plans, synchronizes and employs long range precision strike fires and counterfires in support of the XVIII Airborne Corps, its subordinate divisions, and to Special Operations forces as required. When the call comes, the Brigade is ready to deploy, fight and win. This brigade consists of the following units


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
The 18th Field Artillery Brigade has served in multiple capacities over the past decade in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom as well as the primary 155mm howitzer and HIMARS identity in the war in Afghanistan. The brigade was the only airborne field artillery brigade in the United States Army with 1st Battalion (Airborne), 321st Field Artillery Regiment providing the majority of the support for the 18th Fires Brigade's airborne mission.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
During the 1990s the Brigade had a single M198, 155mm battery (initially Battery C, 5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery; later Battery C, 1st Battalion, 377th Field Artillery Regiment) assigned to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, in support of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). This made for a healthy rivalry with the other two batteries of the Battalion that were assigned in support of the 82nd Airborne Division. It allowed for the entire Battalion to train together at both Fort Campbell and Fort Bragg.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
1st Battalion (Airborne), 321st Field Artillery Regiment maintained a full capacity to provide 155mm howitzer fires anywhere in the world within 18 hours in support of the 82d Airborne Division and while supporting other global responsibilities. The unit had the unique ability to employ 155mm howitzer platforms through a "Howitzer Heavy Drop Package" capability which essentially allowed for the weapon system to be dropped from an aircraft while its paratroopers would then place the weapon into action. 1st Battalion (Airborne), 321st Field Artillery Regiment served as the United States Army's primary 155mm howitzer response in the Global War on Terrorism. In October 2013, the battalion's three firing batteries were reflagged to create 155mm composite battalions in the three brigade combat teams of the 82nd Airborne, and the battalion was officially inactivated at Fort Bragg on 14 March 2014.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
During 2008 while serving as the General Support Artillery unit in Operation Enduring Freedom 8–9, 3d Section, Battery C, 3d Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment became the first United States Army unit to fire the GPS Guided XM982 Excalibur Munition in support of combat operations while serving in the volatile Kunar Province while supporting the 2d Battalion (Airborne), 503d Infantry Regiment of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
3d Battalion, 27th Field Artillery Regiment (HIMARS) has served in the capacity to support various United States Army and other agencies with accurate and effective field artillery rocket fires.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
From August 2009 through October 2014, the 18th Fires Brigade wore the "All American" patch of the 82nd Airborne Division. The 18th Fires Brigade became a general support field artillery brigade in July 2008 and was under the Training Readiness Oversight of the 82d Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Operational history
The 18th Fires Brigade held a ceremony on 16 October 2014, removing the patch of the 82nd Airborne Division and donning the 18th Field Artillery Brigade patch, to signify its increased responsibility to provide long range field artillery support to the four Divisions in the XVIII Airborne Corps, and officially change its name to the 18th Field Artillery Brigade, a name held by the Brigade since its inception in 1978.


18th Field Artillery Brigade, Future
An article in the Fayetteville Observer dated 23 March 2014 covered the inactivation of the brigade's 1st Battalion (Airborne), 321st FA Regiment and noted the coming inactivation the 2d Battalion in the 4th BCT, 82d Airborne Division. The article added that the brigade's 3d Battalion "will undergo a different transformation as that unit shifts from howitzers to the HIMARS weapons system."


18th Field Artillery Regiment
The 18th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1916.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, History
The '18th Field Artillery was organized 1 June 1917 in the Regular Army.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Distinctive unit insignia
A gold color metal and enamel device 1 1/16 inches (2.70 cm) in height consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure, three bendlets sinister Argent, a bend double-cottized potente counter-potente Or; on a canton Gules a mullet within a fish-hook fesswise, ring to dexter and barb to base, of the second (for the 5th Field Artillery).


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Distinctive unit insignia
The shield is the shoulder patch of the 3rd Division, the bend and bendlets are from the arms of Champagne. The canton indicates the parentage of the regiment. The fishhook and Star are from the coat of arms of the 5th Field Artillery; the union battle line of Gettysburg was in the shape of a fishhook and the corps badge of Slocum's 12th Corps was a star.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Distinctive unit insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment on 2 October 1923. It was amended to correct the method of wear on 25 May 1925. It was amended to correct the blazon on 12 July 1928. It was redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Battalion on 4 September 1943. The insignia was redesignated for the 18th Artillery Regiment on 18 November 1958. It was again redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms
Azure, three bendlets sinister Argent, a bend double-cottized potente counter-potente Or; on a canton Gules a mullet within a fish-hook fesswise, ring to dexter and barb to base, of the second (for the 5th Field Artillery).


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms
On a wreath of the colors Argent and Azure an eagle's head erased Or gorged with a collar Sable charged with a Lorraine cross of the first.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms
The shield is the shoulder patch of the 3rd Division, the bend and bendlets are from the arms of Champagne. The canton indicates the parentage of the regiment. The fishhook and Star are from the coat of arms of the 5th Field Artillery; the union battle line of Gettysburg was in the shape of a fishhook and the corps badge of Slocum's 12th Corps was a star.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms
The crest is from the coat of arms of St. Mihiel.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms
The motto is an extract from the citation received by the 18th.


18th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment on 18 May 1923. It was amended to correct the blazon on 12 July 1928. It was redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Battalion on 4 September 1943. The insignia was redesignated for the 18th Artillery Regiment on 18 November 1958. It was again redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971.


18th Filmfare Awards
The 18th Filmfare Awards were held on April 18, 1971, honouring the best in Hindi Cinema in the year 1970.


18th Filmfare Awards
Pehchan led the ceremony with 9 nominations, followed by Do Raaste with 7 nominations and Khilona with 6 nominations.


18th Filmfare Awards
Pehchan won 4 awards, thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.


18th Filmfare Awards South
The 18th Filmfare Awards South Ceremony honoring the winners of the best of South Indian cinema in 1970 was an event held in Shanmukhananda Hall Bombay on 18 April 1971 along with Hindi Awards.


18th Filmfare Awards South
The president of this year's function was the Governor of Maharashtra Ali Yavar Jung. The chief guest of the evening was Vietnamese film star Kieu Chinh.


18th Flight Test Squadron
The 18th Flight Test Squadron  at Hurlburt Field, Florida performs field tests of aircraft for Air Force Special Operations Command The squadron evaluates aircraft, equipment and tactics in realistic battlespace environments to provide decision makers accurate, timely and complete assessments of mission capability. From concept development to system fielding, the unit's mission improves the survivability and combat capability of special operations forces worldwide.


18th Flight Test Squadron
The first predecessor of the squadron is the 18th Bombardment Squadron, which was activated in January 1941 as the United States expanded its military in preparation for World War II. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron moved to the Pacific Northwest, conducting antisubmarine warfare patrols. In the summer of 1942, it became a Replacement Training Unit for heavy bomber crews. In late 1943, it began training for overseas deployment and entered combat in the European Theater of Operations in 1944, participating in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated in August 1945.


18th Flight Test Squadron
The second predecessor of the squadron was activated in 1969 as the 18th Special Operations Squadron. After training in the United States with Fairchild AC-119K Stingers, it deployed to South Vietnam and then to Thailand as a gunship unit. It earned a Presidential Unit Citation and four Air Force Outstanding Unit Awardz\s with Combat "V" Device before inactivating in 1972. The two squadrons were consolidated into a single unit in 1985. The squadron was activated as the 18th Test Squadron in 1991, and has served in the test role ever since, except for a brief inactive period in 1994.


18th Flight Test Squadron, Mission
The 18th Flight Test Squadron is the "independent field test agency" of Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). It has one detachment at Edwards Air Force Base, California. The squadron evaluates aircraft, equipment and tactics in realistic battlespace environments to provide decision makers accurate, timely and complete assessments of mission capability. From concept development to system fielding, the unit's mission improves the survivability and combat capability of special operations forces worldwide.


18th Flight Test Squadron, Units
The 18th Squadron is composed of approximately 96 people. The squadron consists of seven flights: fixed wing, vertical lift, operations analysis, combat applications, special missions, instrumentation and mission support.


18th Flight Test Squadron, Units
The detachment at Edwards Air Force Base is responsible for operational test and evaluation and tactics development and evaluation of the MV/CV-22 Osprey and supports Headquarters Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center in conducting joint tests with the Navy and Marine Corps.


18th Flight Test Squadron, Units
SMOTEC filled a unique role by exploring new frontiers in special operations capabilities and developed better equipment and tactics to support Air Force special operations forces located throughout the world. It provided AFSOC with the centralized expertise needed for development and operational testing of new systems and tactics, proposed changes in doctrine, and recommended new requirements. The unit's colocation with the 1st Special Operations Wing made it ideally suited to perform the mission of improving the worldwide Air Force aim of special operations forces.


18th Flight Test Squadron, Units
SMOTEC remained a direct reporting unit to Headquarters AFSOC until 31 March 1994. On 1 April 1994, Air Force organizational changes dictated the unit's inactivation and realignment under the 18th Flight Test Squadron, also a direct reporting unit to AFSOC.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was activated at Langley Field, Virginia in January 1941 as the 18th Bombardment Squadron, one of the original squadrons of the 34th Bombardment Group, and equipped with a mixture of B-17C and B-17D Flying Fortresses and Douglas B-18 Bolos. Along with the 34th Group, the squadron moved to Westover Field, Massachusetts four months after they were activated.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
After the Pearl Harbor attack the squadron began antisubmarine patrols off the Northeast coast of the United States, but soon became part of Western Defense Command and moved to Pendleton Field, Oregon. By the summer of 1942, Second Air Force had become primarily a heavy bomber training force and the squadron became a B-17 Replacement Training Unit (RTU) at Geiger Field. RTUs were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
On 15 December 1942 the squadron moved to Blythe Army Air Base, California a base of the Desert Training Center. The unit provided cadres for a number of heavy bomber units that served with Eighth Air Force during this period.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
The 18th began training with Consolidated B-24 Liberators for overseas combat operations on 5 January 1944. Its ground echelon moved to the port of embarkation on 1 April 1944, while the air echelon began its overseas movement on 31 May 1944, taking the southern ferry route, from Florida to Trinidad, Brazil, West Africa and Marrakesh arriving at RAF Valley, Wales. The squadron arrived at its permanent station, RAF Mendlesham, England, in April 1944 and entered combat on 23 May 1944.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron helped to prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, by bombing airfields in France and Germany, and supported the June landings by attacking coastal defenses and communications. It supported ground forces at Saint-Lô in late July and struck V-1 flying bomb launch sites, gun emplacements, and supply lines throughout the summer of 1944.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
The mixture of B-24s and B-17s in the 3d Bombardment Division presented a number of operational problems, and in early 1944 plans had begun at VIII Bomber Command headquarters to standardize the division with the Flying Fortress. The 34th Group flew its last B-24 mission on 24 August 1944. It transferred its Liberators for overhaul and eventual transfer to units of the 2d Bombardment Division, and began converting to B-17s. It flew its first mission with the new planes on 17 September 1944. The squadron engaged primarily in bombardment of strategic objectives from October 1944 to February 1945. Targets included marshaling yards in Ludwigshafen, Hamm, Osnabrück, and Darmstadt; oil centers in Bielefeld, Merseburg, Hamburg, and Misburg; factories in Berlin, Dalteln, and Hanover; and airfields in Münster, Neumünster, and Frankfurt.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
During this period the squadron also supported ground forces during the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945. In March 1945, with few enemy industrial targets remaining and with Allied armies advancing across Germany, the 18th turned almost solely to interdicting enemy communications and supporting Allied ground forces. The 18th flew its last combat mission on 20 April 1945.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, World War II
After V-E Day the squadron flew missions carrying food to flooded areas of the Netherlands and transported prisoners of war from German camps to Allied centers. The squadron redeployed to the United States in June and July 1945. The first elements of the air echelon departed 19 June 1945. The ground echelon sailed aboard the RMS Queen Elizabeth from Southampton on 6 August 1945. Upon arrival in the states, unit personnel were given 30 days leave. The squadron reassembled at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, Vietnam War
The second predecessor of the squadron was activated as the 18th Special Operations Squadron on 25 January 1969 at Lockbourne Air Force Base, Ohio, and deployed to Phan Rang Air Base, South Vietnam, the 18th SOS flew the Fairchild AC-119K Stinger gunship. The squadron's primary mission was the interdiction of enemy supply lines, close air support, and air base defense. Following the transfer of the aircraft to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, the 18th was inactivated 31 December 1972.


18th Flight Test Squadron, History, Test and evaluation, Background
On 1 October 1983, the Special Missions Operations Test and Evaluation Center (SMOTEC) was activated at Hurlburt Field by order of the Secretary of the Air Force as a direct reporting unit of Headquarters Military Airlift Command at Scott Air Force Base. SMOTEC was formed through the consolidation of the test and evaluation function previously assigned to the 1550th Aircrew Training and Test Wing, located at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, which was responsible for combat rescue and related test. It was also responsible for the informal test and evaluation staffs of the 2d Air Division and the 1st Special Operations Wing, at Hurlburt Field. Though testing was reassigned to SMOTEC in October 1983, most of the testing continued at Kirtland for the remainder of that year.


18th Flight Test Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


18th G7 summit
The 18th G7 Summit was held in Munich, Germany between July 6 to 8, 1992. The venue for the summit meetings was at the Residenz palace in central Munich.


18th G7 summit
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976) and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).


18th G7 summit
The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.


18th G7 summit, Leaders at the summit
The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.


18th G7 summit, Leaders at the summit
The 18th G7 summit was the first summit for Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato and Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa. It was also the last summit for Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and U.S. President George H.W. Bush.


18th G7 summit, Leaders at the summit, Participants
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:


18th G7 summit, Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. Issues which were discussed at this summit included:


18th GLAAD Media Awards
18th Annual GLAAD Media Awards (2007) were presented at four separate ceremonies: March 26 in New York City; April 14 in Los Angeles; April 28 in San Francisco; and May 10 in Miami. The awards were presented to honor "fair, accurate and inclusive" representations of gay individuals in the media.


18th GMA Dove Awards
The 18th Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on 1987 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 1986. The show was held in Nashville, Tennessee.


18th Gemini Awards
The 18th Gemini Awards were held on October 20, 2003 to honour achievements in Canadian television. It was hosted by Seán Cullen, and was broadcast on CBC.


18th Gemini Awards, Awards, Best Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series
Helene Joy, Rick Roberts, Stewart Francis, Timm Zemanek, Robin Brûle, Sugith Varughese, Mathew Ferguson


18th Gemini Awards, Awards, Best Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series
Dan Lett, Jackie Torrens, Peter Keleghan, Rick Mercer, Leah Pinsent


18th Gemini Awards, Awards, Best Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series
Sarah Dunsworth, Robb Wells, Mike Smith, John Dunsworth, Pat Roach, Lucy Decoutere, Cory Bowles, Michael Jackson, Barrie Dunn, Shelley Thompson, Sam Tarasco, John Paul Tremblay, Jonathan Torrens, Jeanna Harrison-Steinhart


18th General Assembly of Newfoundland
The members of the 18th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in October 1897. The general assembly sat from 1898 to 1900.


18th General Assembly of Newfoundland
The Tory Party led by James Spearman Winter formed the government.


18th General Assembly of Newfoundland
Sir Henry Edward McCallum served as colonial governor of Newfoundland.


18th General Assembly of Newfoundland, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1897:


18th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
The 18th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia between the 1847 and 1851, its membership being set in the August 5th, 1847 Nova Scotia general election.


18th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Nova Scotia, Sir John Harvey.


18th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
This Assembly is noteworthy for many reasons. It was the first Assembly elected after the adoption of the Simultaneous Polling Bill, which resulted in an election in days, rather than three to four weeks. It was the first election after the establishment of responsible government. The government of James W. Johnstone was the first to be defeated in the polls in Nova Scotia, resulting in a want of confidence resolution passing in the House, and the first resignation of a government in the province. Finally, the Governor asked James B. Uniacke to submit an outline of a new administration, and form the first elected, responsible government in the Province of Nova Scotia.


18th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 18th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island represented the colony of Prince Edward Island between March 5, 1850, and 1854.


18th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Prince Edward Island, Donald Campbell. Alexander Rae was elected speaker.


18th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
Responsible government was granted to the island in 1851 and George Coles became the first Premier.


18th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Members
The members of the Prince Edward Island Legislature after the general election of 1850 were:


18th Genie Awards
The 18th Genie Awards were held on 14 December 1997, to honour the best Canadian films of 1997.


18th Genie Awards, Nominees and winners
The Genie Award winner in each category is shown in bold text.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment
The 18th Georgia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Originally brigaded with the three Texas regiments of John Bell Hood's Texas Brigade, it was transferred to Thomas R.R. Cobb's Georgia Brigade after the Battle of Antietam in late 1862. After General Cobb was mortally wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the original colonel of the 18th Georgia, William T. Wofford, became Brigadier General of the Georgia Brigade.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Organization
The regiment was organized at Camp Brown (located near Smyrna), Cobb County, Georgia, on April 22, 1861, under a special act of the Georgia legislature. (See also Philips' Legion Background and Formation). It was originally designated First Regiment, Fourth Brigade, State Troops under the following officers:


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Organization
The volunteers trained at Camp Brown until transferring to Camp MacDonald at Big Shanty in present day (Kennesaw); the new, 60-acre facility opened on June 11, 1861. Phillips, founder of the famed Phillips Legion, named the camp in honor of his former law mentor and governor of Georgia Charles J. McDonald.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Organization
The regiment drilled for two more months after which the "Fourth Brigade" was broken up and sent north on August 2, 1861. At that time, the 18th Georgia Volunteer Regiment was composed of ten companies of roughly 750 soldiers, mostly from central counties in Georgia.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
The 18th Georgia briefly guarded prisoners in Richmond captured at the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) and served garrison duty for two weeks in Goldsboro, North Carolina. In November they were sent north to the area of Dumfries, Virginia, along the Potomac River where they were attached to the 1st, 4th and 5th Texas infantry regiments to form a "full" Texas Brigade. For the next year they would be an integral member of the Texas Brigade as it fought from the Peninsula Campaign (May - July 1862) to Antietam.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
The regiment was first engaged at the Battle of Eltham's Landing and the Battle of Seven Pines. It served conspicuously during the Seven Days Battle where, along with their Texas compatriots, they broke the line at the Battle of Gaines' Mill, effectively ending Union General McClellan's campaign, and resulting in regimental casualties of 37 killed and 106 wounded.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Two months later, the regiment distinguished itself again at the Second Battle of Bull Run (aka. Battle of Second Manassas) where members captured two stands of colors (those of the 24th and 10th New York Infantry regiments), and where, along with the Texas Brigade, they spearheaded General Longstreet's assault on Union General John Pope's left, nearly wiping out the 5th New York Zouaves and captured a battery of four guns. Regimental casualties were 37 dead and 87 wounded.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Three weeks later, September 1862, the 18th GA fought at the Battle of Antietam losing 14 killed and 30 wounded.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Under orders of the Confederate States War Department, the 18th Georgia Infantry was transferred from the Texas Brigade to Cobb's Georgia Brigade, McLaws' Division, remaining in Longstreet's Corps. Cobb's Brigade was now composed of the 16th, 24th, and 18th Georgia Regiments, Cobb's Legion, and Phillips' Legion. (The 18th GA remained assigned to Longstreet's Corps until the end of the war.) Now consisting of 160 barefoot men the 18th GA went into camp at Fredericksburg, Virginia.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
In the ensuing Battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment fought behind the stone wall on Marye's Heights sustaining losses of 14 killed and 30 wounded while inflicting heavy casualties upon the enemy. General Cobb bled to death from wounds sustained during the battle. May 1, Col. Wofford assumed command of the Texas Brigade.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Jackson's Corps, with McLaws' Division on the left flank, remained on the Fredericksburg front until the night of May 1. On that night, Jackson's force (containing the 18th GA) left Fredericksburg to outflank the outflanking Federal army. Thus began the Battle of Chancellorsville. After days of fighting, the 18th GA's casualties totaled 86; 14 killed and 72 wounded.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
In June, 1863, Gen. Lee launched his second invasion of the north. Around Gettysburg, on the second day of battle after taking the city, Lee ordered Longstreet's Corps to attack diagonally from Little Round Top northward. The Confederate attack, coming late in the afternoon, saw Longstreet capture the positions west of Little Round Top known as Peach Orchard, Wheat Field, and Devil's Den on the Federal left. But, he failed to seize the vital Little Round Top.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
After Gettysburg, the 18th GA retreated to an area near Manassas Gap, in Virginia. They fought a skirmish at Snickers Gap, Virginia on July 23, 1863, and did not see action again until October.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
In September 1863, Longstreet's Corps left the Army of Northern Virginia by rail to join the Battle of Chickamauga in northwest Georgia, near Dalton. The corps bolstered the forces of General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee. But, the 18th Georgia did not participate since they arrived on the field the day after the battle. October 28 and 29, 1863 found the 18th Georgia engaged in battles around Wauhatchie, Tennessee.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Bragg sent Longstreet's Corps off, with the 18th GA, in a futile attempt to capture Knoxville on November 5. The 18th Georgia Regiment found itself in a small skirmish on November 15 at Little River, Tennessee. On the 29th, Longstreet attacked Fort Sanders, but his troops were slaughtered in the ditches around the fort. He withdrew, and on December 3 started northward. By December 12, 1863, his forces arrived at Rogersville, and on the 15th he attempted to capture three brigades of Federal cavalry at the Battle of Bean's Station. The attempt failed although it was a Confederate victory.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
January 16 and 17, 1864, the 18th Georgia was engaged in operations around Dandridge, Tennessee, east of Knoxville. April 11, Longstreet received orders to return to the Army of Northern Virginia.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
By May 5, Longstreet was back in the lines with General Lee. On May 5, 1864, Gen. Longstreet's Corps was hit by the Federals on Old Turnpike and Orange Plank Road in the Battle of the Wilderness. By May 7, the Union had lost and General Grant was looking to maneuver around Lee's forces.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
But, on May 8, Grant met heavy resistance at the famous Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse. By May 12, savage hand-to-hand fighting at Bloody Angle with Longstreet's men in the left flank. May 19, the battle finally ended with Grant being thrown back. The same forces met again, at North Anna River, May 22 – May 26, the Pamunky River, May 26–28, and at the Totopotomy Creek, May 28–31.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Then, at the Battle of Cold Harbor (May 31 - June 12), northeast of Richmond, Grant launched several very heavy attacks against Lee's army, including the 18th Georgia Regiment.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
The 18th Georgia Regiment is listed as being engaged in the Assault on Petersburg, June 18, 1864. The siege of Petersburg lasted from June 16, 1864 until April 1865.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
August 7, 1864, the unit was reassigned to operations against Sheridan's Campaign in the Shenandoah Valley where the 18th Georgia saw many small battles. August 16, they were engaged at Cedarville, and Guard Hill (Front Royal), Virginia. They next saw action at Bunker Hill, West Virginia September 2 and 3rd. On September 19, they saw action in the Battle of Opequan in Winchester, Virginia. Three days later, on the 22nd, the regiment saw action at the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia. And lastly, on October 19, 1864, the unit saw action in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Middletown, and Belle Grove, Virginia.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
November 30, 1864, the 18th GA was reassigned to the Army of Northern Virginia and moved back to Richmond. The siege on Petersburg and Richmond continued until Lee was forced to evacuate both cities April 2 and 3, 1865. An 88 mile (142 km) chase ensued down the Appomattox River to the southwest. Confederate forces were detained at Amelia Courthouse April 4 and 5, waiting for supplies that never arrived. The Confederates, including the 18th Georgia, were badly cut up on April 6 at the Battle of Sailor's Creek.


18th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Initial Deployment and Service
Finally, on April 8, 1865 the 18th Georgia Regiment, assigned to Gen. Kershaw's Division, Gen. Longstreet's First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia was represented at the surrender of Confederate Forces at Appomattox Court House by less than 60 members, the highest ranking of which was one Lieutenant Gideon J. Lasseter.


18th Golden Globe Awards
The 18th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film for 1960 films, were held on March 16, 1961.


18th Golden Globe Awards, Winners and nominees, Film, Samuel Goldwyn Award
The Trials of Oscar Wilde (English-Language Foreign Film)La Vérité (France) (Foreign-Language Foreign Film)The Virgin Spring (Sweden) (Foreign-Language Foreign Film)


18th Golden Horse Awards
The 18th Golden Horse Awards (Mandarin:第18屆金馬獎) took place on October 30, 1981 at Kaohsiung Cultural Center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.