1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Political turmoil
Several of the men who opposed Hanna came from Cleveland and elsewhere in Cuyahoga County, where Mayor McKisson was influential. The situation in Cincinnati's Hamilton County (home to Foraker) was complicated by the fact that the Republican legislators from there had run on a fusion ticket with the Democrats in order to defeat the local Republican bosses. These men were "Silver Republicans", as was the Independent Republican elected from Cincinnati, supporting "free silver" in opposition to McKinley, and had not pledged during the campaign to vote for Hanna if elected.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Political turmoil
Foraker was not actively involved in the controversy, and in the sole interview he gave, said he was doing his best to keep out of it. Nevertheless, most of Hanna's Republican opponents were from Foraker's wing of the party. Ohio's senior senator did, however, state his belief that Hanna would have a difficult time being elected. When asked by Hanna supporters to intercede with the insurgents, Foraker responded, "I will not antagonize lifetime friends for Hanna," and that Hanna was "not honorable enough" to go to Bushnell and Kurtz and work out a solution.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Political turmoil
The new legislature convened in Columbus on Monday, January 3, 1898. In the state House of Representatives, nine anti-Hanna Republicans aligned with the Democrats, electing one of the nine as Speaker. In the state Senate, an anti-Hanna Republican did not initially attend, allowing the Democrats to organize the chamber and elect one of their own as president of the body. The various legislative offices were divided between the Democrats and the insurgent Republicans. Democratic forces in the Ohio Senate were boosted when the absent Republican appeared and voted with them. A margin of three in the House and two in the Senate translated into a likely margin of five against Hanna on the senatorial vote, meaning that three legislators would have to switch sides for him to retain his position.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
After the combine's success in the legislature, the Hanna-controlled Republican state committee called on local activists to come to Columbus. A rally took place on the day of Governor Bushnell's second inauguration, and many in the streets booed him. Much of the indignation focused on Bushnell as the only statewide official linked with the insurgents. Meetings were held across the state and petitions circulated, for the most part supporting Hanna and denouncing Bushnell, Kurtz, and McKisson. Croly described the scene in the days leading up to the vote for senator:


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
Columbus came to resemble a mediaeval city given over to an angry feud between armed partisans. Everybody was worked up to a high pitch of excitement and resentment. Blows were exchanged in the hotels and on the streets. There were threats of assassination. Timid men feared to go out after dark. Certain members of the Legislature were supplied with body-guards. Many of them never left their rooms. Detectives and spies, who were trying to track down various stories of bribery and corruption, were scattered everywhere.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
Hanna's forces went to great lengths to pick up the votes he needed for his election. According to Croly, they received word that state Representative John Griffith of Union County was under constant guard at the Great Southern Hotel, but was considering switching to Hanna's side. Hanna operatives aided his escape, and he was kept with his wife at Hanna headquarters at the Neil House until the vote. However, Warken related that Griffith "seemed to align himself with the group that talked to him last", repeatedly changing his position and eventually supporting Hanna.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
Hanna supporters sought to persuade other coalition Republicans to return to the fold—by one account, a Cleveland Republican tearfully refused, stating that if he voted for Hanna, McKisson would cut him off as a supplier of brick pavers to the city. President McKinley did his best to help Hanna, sending a letter to one Republican whose vote was doubtful, delivered by a soldier.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
On January 9, newspapers printed allegations that Hanna had arranged to bribe John Otis, one of the Silver Republicans from Cincinnati. Otis alleged that he was offered $10,000 and was actually paid $1,750. The individual said to have offered the money, a New Yorker named Henry H. Boyce, had met with Hanna adviser Estes Rathbone at least twice. Boyce denied trying to bribe Otis, though he did admit to giving a retainer payment to Otis's lawyer, and fled the state when the matter became public. Hanna denied any involvement. His opponents hoped that the incident would preface his defeat, while his supporters feared the story would prompt a public outcry. Croly and Horner agree that the allegations had little impact on public opinion.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
The legislative leaders had not settled on a candidate to stand against Hanna, and discussions continued until January 10, a day before the houses would vote. Democrats had tentatively agreed to vote for a Republican for senator, but were unwilling to consider a supporter of the gold standard. They considered giving a "complimentary" vote (that is, to honor the recipient) to Cincinnati publisher John R. McLean, a Democrat, before switching to a Republican.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
There being no requirement that the same person be elected for both the short and long Senate terms, Democrats also tried to negotiate for one of their party to be elected at least for the short term expiring in 1899. Under the latter scenario, Governor Bushnell was proposed in the long term election, but Bushnell was unwilling to support silver. At last, McKisson was decided on by the insurgents for both the short and long terms. The plan was announced on January 10, together with a statement from McKisson, which he soon disavowed:  that though he would if elected remain in name a Republican, he would support the 1896 pro-silver "Chicago Platform" of Bryan and his Democrats.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
Ultimately, the contest came down to the votes of two Cincinnati Silver Republicans. The Hanna campaign at last secured the votes of both men; Croly related that one of them, Charles F. Droste, had initially sought to advance the candidacy of a free silver Republican, Col. Jeptha Garrard of Cincinnati, and when it was clear that no one else supported Garrard, agreed to give Hanna his vote. Warken deemed the combine's failure to support Garrard "the greatest blunder of the anti-Hanna coalition.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
If they had pushed the Colonel's candidacy they might have secured the support of the free silver men among the Cincinnati fusionists". After the vote, McKisson rejected such criticisms: the combine would never have held together to vote for a silver-supporting candidate. A contemporary account calls the men's decision to support Hanna "unexplained", and  that "each of these Cincinnati members had been offered the Senatorship if he would withdraw from Mr. Hanna. Whether this offer could have been made good or not is doubtful".


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
The balloting in the separate chambers of the legislature took place on January 11, 1898. In the Ohio House, Hanna received 56 votes to 49 for McKisson, with Columbus Congressman John J. Lentz, state Representative Aquila Wiley and former congressman Adoniram J. Warner receiving one each. The vote was the same for the short and the long term. Hanna's 56 votes were all from Republicans; McKisson received the ballots of 43 Democrats and six Republicans. The other three votes were cast by Democrats unwilling to support a Republican.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
One Democratic representative was absent due to illness on both days of the voting. In the Senate, there were identical votes for short and long term. McKisson received the votes of 18 Democrats and one Republican, while Hanna won the vote of 16 Republicans and the one Independent Republican. The split between the two houses meant that there would be a roll-call vote of the two houses in joint convention the following day. Nevertheless, if Hanna held all 73 votes cast for him, he would be elected.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
According to Alfred Henry Lewis of Hearst's Journal, writing on January 12, "The opposition to Hanna was utterly disorganized by the history of yesterday, and practically speaking, went into joint session today somewhat like a routed army might take up some battle it could not avoid." The 73 men pledged to Hanna went to the State House together under the protection of Hanna adherents. Croly related:  "Armed guards were stationed at every important point. The State House was filled with desperate and determined men."


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Senate election, Contest in Columbus
In the joint convention, held in the House Chamber, the journals of the two houses were read, detailing the tallies from the previous day. The clerks of the two houses then called the rolls. The only votes to change were those which had gone to Warner and Wiley; both were switched to McKisson. Representative Aquila Wiley was the last person to vote; with Hanna having already received the 73 ballots he needed for election, Wiley maintained his vote for Lentz. The final tally, both for the short and long term was Hanna 73, McKisson 70, and Lentz 1. Before the joint convention adjourned, Hanna appeared before it, thanking the legislators for his election. He stated, "I doubly thank you because under the circumstances it comes to me as an assurance of your confidence".


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
Newspaper reaction to the result was generally along partisan lines. The Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, a Republican paper, stated of Hanna, "And this is the man against whom has been waged a war than which political history furnishes none more venomous, vicious, and relentlessly vituperative. It is a disgraceful story, known of all men." The Blade, another Republican paper, agreed, writing, "The fight against Mr. Hanna was the most malignantly traitorous contest ever waged in the political annals of Ohio."


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
The Cincinnati Enquirer, a Silver Democratic paper, argued, "The Republican contingent which stuck to the last against Hanna has made a record which the victorious faction might well envy ... Their fight was ... against the chairman of the national committee and all its forces and resources; against the president of the United States, with his tremendous party influence and more influential patronage.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
Against all this they have cut down the man who a year ago was, next to the president, the leading Republican of the United States, to a pitiful majority of one in his ambition to be elected to the Senate, and that obtained under circumstances not creditable to him. They chased him so hard that he dare not stop to have the gravest charges investigated." Hearst's New York Journal noted, "And so it is to be 'Senator Hanna' for seven years. Well, the senatorship can add nothing to its holder's power for evil. As long as Hanna has his money he can control senatorships, whether he occupies them or not. Perhaps it is best to have him in the open."


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
McKisson "had recognized that to lose the fight meant political death". In June 1898, McKisson and his Cuyahoga County delegation were excluded from the Republican state convention in favor of a Hanna-backed delegation. Hanna forces had lost at the county level, but, alleging irregularities, had met and sent a rival delegation. McKisson ran for a third term as mayor in 1899. He survived a bitter battle in the Republican primary, but was defeated in the general election, leading to a decade of dominance by the Democrats in Cleveland. McKisson returned to his career as an attorney, continuing to practice law in Cleveland until his death in 1915 at age 52.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
Both houses of the legislature voted to form committees to investigate alleged bribery in the result, though most Republicans abstained from voting on the resolutions. The House committee investigation ended inconclusively. The Ohio Senate committee declined to allow Hanna's attorney to participate in the proceedings. Relying on legal advice, Hanna refused to testify and asked supporters not to cooperate. The state Senate committee reported that an attempt to bribe Otis had been made by an unknown agent of Hanna; three Hanna aides, including Charles Dick, were implicated.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
The report was sent to the US Senate in May 1898, which referred it to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. The Republican majority of the committee reported in February 1899 that while it accepted that an attempt had been made to bribe Otis, the matter had been known before the vote, Otis had voted for McKisson anyway, and that there was no evidence linking Hanna to the attempt. The report did mildly admonish Hanna and his associates for not cooperating with the Ohio Senate committee. Democrats on the Privileges and Elections Committee urged further investigation, but the US Senate ordered the committee's report to be printed, and took no further action. Hanna remained a power in the Senate until his death in 1904.


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
The extent to which money or patronage affected the outcome of the election is unclear. Congressman Burton stated, "I never saw any evidence of the use of money in Columbus and don't believe that any money was used corruptly." In an interview after Hanna's death, James Rudolph Garfield, son of the late president and floor leader of the Hanna forces in the Ohio Senate, recalled that the senator "had been asked to shut his eyes to some things. But he declined to do it."


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
However, Garfield also noted, "I have never been sure as to what some of the men who called themselves Senator Hanna's friends really did do." Croly believed that Hanna did not personally authorize bribes of legislators, but concedes that Hanna's supporters "may have been willing to spend money in Mr. Hanna's interest and without his knowledge." The biographer suggested, "If Mr. Hanna had himself planned to purchase the vote of John C. Otis, it is reasonable to believe that the business would have been better managed."


1898 United States Senate elections in Ohio, Aftermath
Horner believes it impossible to ascertain if corruption took place, but if Hanna bribed legislators, it was because it was a common practice on both sides. He notes of Hanna, "his career as a senator continued, but accusations of wrongdoing remain a part of his legacy well over a century later." Public dismay at what was seen as a corrupt means of choosing federal lawmakers was a major factor in the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which took the privilege of electing senators out of state legislators' hands and gave it to the people.


1898 United States Senate special election in South Carolina
The 1898 South Carolina United States Senate special election was January 26, 1898 election to pick the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina. The Democratic Party primary election was held on August 31, 1897. Prior to the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, U.S. Senators were elected by the state legislature and not through the direct election by the people of the state. However, the Democratic Party of South Carolina organized primary elections for the U.S. Senate beginning in 1896 and the General Assembly would confirm the choice of the Democratic voters. Tillmanite Democrat John L. McLaurin won the Democratic primary and was elected by the General Assembly to serve the remainder of the six-year term expiring in 1903.


1898 United States Senate special election in South Carolina, Democratic primary
After Joseph H. Earle's victory in the 1896 Democratic primary election for Senate, the Conservatives believed that they had scored a decisive victory over the Tillmanite faction. Earle's sudden death in 1897 caught the Conservatives by surprise and they were unprepared to enter a candidate in the Democratic primary election on August 31 to replace Earle in the U.S. Senate. Thus all the candidates who entered the race were Tillmanites and were proponents of Free Silver.


1898 United States Senate special election in South Carolina, Democratic primary
Of the four serious candidates in the race, John L. McLaurin was the most acceptable to the Conservatives and was the only one strongly in favor of the tariffs promoted by the Republicans. When the campaigning began on July 5 in Chester, McLaurin was repeatedly attacked by former Senator John L. M. Irby and former Governor John Gary Evans over his support of the tariff. McLaurin was accused of organizing the Populist Party in South Carolina, a charge he vehemently denied.


1898 United States Senate special election in South Carolina, Democratic primary
S.G. Mayfield withdrew from the race on August 12 at Yorkville when McLaurin provided evidence that he had worked to prevent the Populist Party from organizing in South Carolina. John T. Duncan and G. Walton Whitman were the two minor candidates in the contest, although Duncan withdrew from the race in the closing days of the campaign and Whitman was never officially recognized by the state Democratic Party.


1898 United States elections
The 1898 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President William McKinley's first term, during the Fourth Party System. The elections took place shortly after the end of the Spanish–American War. Members of the 56th United States Congress were chosen in this election. Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress.


1898 United States elections
Democrats picked up several seats in the House at the expense of Republicans and the Populist Party. However, Republicans continued to control the chamber with a slightly diminished majority.


1898 United States elections
In the Senate, Republicans picked up several seats at the expense of the Democrats, growing the Republican majority. Several Senators continued to affiliate with third parties.


1898 United States elections
The elections helped Democrats further incorporate the remaining elements of the Populist Party, many of whom had been attracted to the Democratic Party after the 1896 candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. Republican Senate gains helped ensure ratification of the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish–American War and left the US in control of Cuba, the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.


1898 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1898, in 28 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 8, 1898 (except in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Maine, Oregon, Rhode Island and Vermont, which held early elections).


1898 University of Utah football team
The 1898 University of Utah football team was an American football team that represented the University of Utah during the 1898 college football season as an independent. Head coach Benjamin Wilson led the team to a 2–1 record.


1898 Ursinus football team
The 1898 Ursinus football team was an American football team that represented Ursinus College during the 1898 college football season. The team compiled a 7–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 214 to 46. Harry Off was the head coach.


1898 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1898 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah Agricultural College (later renamed Utah State University) during the 1898 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Samuel Dunning, the Aggies compiled a 0–1 record.


1898 Utah Agricultural Aggies football team
The players on the 1898 team included Orval Adams, Irwin Allred, and J.L. Kearns.


1898 VFA season
The 1898 Victorian Football Association season was the 22nd season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Footscray Football Club; it was the first premiership in the club's history, and the first in a sequence of three premierships won consecutively from 1898 to 1900.


1898 VFA season, Ladder
The result of this was that while Richmond had qualified for the "finals" stage, it had no chance of winning the premiership as it began this stage too far behind Footscray to win.


1898 VFA season, Ladder, Port Melbourne protest
Following the initial round of fifteen matches, Port Melbourne lodged a protest, seeking to overturn the results of two of its losses against North Melbourne during the season, on the grounds that North Melbourne had fielded former Fitzroy player Kelly without the proper clearance; and that Dick Houston, North Melbourne's captain and caretaker of the North Melbourne ground, had played without a caretaker's permit – a special requirement which ground caretakers were required to obtain in order to play.


1898 VFA season, Ladder, Port Melbourne protest
The Argus reported that during its initial discussion, the Association appeared likely to uphold Port Melbourne's protests, which would have ultimately drawn Port Melbourne level with Footscray for first place and therefore forced a playoff match for the premiership. Then, however, North Melbourne was able to successfully argue that Port Melbourne's protests were informal due to a procedural irregularity: namely that Port Melbourne had not deposited three guineas to the Association for each point of protest. As such, Port Melbourne's protests were dismissed on 23 September by a majority of 6–4 and Footscray was confirmed to be premiers.


1898 VFL Grand Final
The 1898 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club, held in Melbourne on 24 September 1898. The match was played to determine the premiers for the 1898 VFL season. Fitzroy won the match by 15 points. The game was played under atrocious ground conditions, in front of 16,538 people, at the Junction Oval.


1898 VFL Grand Final
The match is recognised as the first VFL grand final, although the term "grand final" was not in wide use until 1931. It was the first time that Victorian Football League premiership was decided in a final match, after the 1897 premiership was won under a different finals system by Essendon when they finished above three other clubs on the finals series ladder.


1898 VFL Grand Final
Both the Fitzroy back-pocket Stan Reid and the Essendon full-forward Charlie Moore would later die in South Africa in active service during the Anglo-Boer War; Moore on 5 May 1901 and Reid on 23 June 1901.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Season
During the 1898 home-and-away season all teams played each other twice. The final end-of season ladder was:


1898 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up
According to the 1898 premiership system the eight teams in the VFL competition were divided into two sections based on their positions on the ladder: the first group were the teams that finished first, third, fifth and seventh and the second group were the teams that finished second, fourth, sixth and eighth.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up
The teams in the two sections played three rounds of four round-robin matches on three consecutive Saturdays:


1898 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up
The winners of the two sections were Fitzroy and Collingwood respectively (for results of all of the round-robin matches and, a week later (17 September 1898), the two teams played each other at the Brunswick Street Oval, with Fitzroy winning the match 2.10 (22) to 1.5 (11).


1898 VFL Grand Final, Lead-up, "Grand final"
The 1898 rules stipulated that, if the team at the top of the ladder at the end of the home-and-away season (the "minor premiers") had not won the "sectional final" match between the two sectional winners, the "minor premier" had the right to "challenge" the winner and, having done so, the winner of that grand finale match was declared the season's premiership team.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
The VFL had not anticipated a challenge final in the match fixtures before the home-and-away season began, nor had it made any sort of a tentative venue booking to provide for such a possible eventuality, a significant omission given that each of the grounds were to be top-dressed and otherwise "cultivated" in preparation for the oncoming cricket season immediately after the scheduled football season was over.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
Although Essendon and Fitzroy could not agree on the choice of a single venue, they suggested three mutually acceptable venues for the match:


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
After the VFL referred the decision to the VFL's Match Arrangement Committee, they, upon the express instructions of that committee, rejected the suggestions of the two teams outright and the match was controversially scheduled to be played at the Junction Oval.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
The Junction Oval was in an appalling condition as the ground had not been used since the second Saturday of the sectional round-robin match three weeks earlier (3 September) and, since then, it had been thoroughly topdressed and "cultivated" in anticipation of the coming cricket season. Also, the cricket ground's asphalt cycling track that lay between the boundary line and the fence presented a considerable danger to the footballers.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
Despite being the "challenger", the Essendon flatly refused to play in the scheduled match, declaring that it would rather forfeit the match and the premiership than play on such a dangerous surface; this view was also strongly supported by Fitzroy, whose captain had taken the step of signing a statutory declaration to the effect that, in his opinion, the ground was entirely unfit to play on.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
Essendon lodged an appeal with the VFL against the match arrangement committee's decision, partly on the basis of the condition of the ground and partly because the committee, asked to decide on one of three mutually acceptable venues, had chosen a fourth that was acceptable to neither participant.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
The VFL, perhaps somewhat driven by the fact that the attraction of a finals system was one of the major reasons that the eight teams left the VFA and formed the VFL in the first place, had a special meeting to hear Essendon's appeal. While it chose to endorse the committee's decision, it also did everything it could to convince Essendon to play the match.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
Essendon did not actually agree to play the match until the night before the game; and, ultimately, this "in doubt until the last minute match" was still attended by 16,538 paying spectators (it certainly would have been a much larger crowd otherwise).


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
The ground had been in such a dreadful condition that in the week prior to the match over 40 dray-loads of rubbish, soil and street-sweepings had been taken from the ground.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
All of this last minute work greatly improved the playing surface at the ground, sportswriters noting that the ground was imperfect but nevertheless fit for use. Dry, windy weather and patches of ground where the topsoil had not bound meant that players often fell on the grass-less slippery ground for want of some sort of grip, and play was often impeded by clouds of dust.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Venue selection
To prevent any repeat of the events leading up to the 1898 challenge final, the VFL agreed that from 1899 they would schedule for a possible challenge final in advance.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Teams
In 1898, all VFL teams had 20 on-the-field players and no "reserves".


1898 VFL Grand Final, Teams
However, although there were no reserves, any player who had left the playing field for any reason at all could resume his place on the field at any time.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Teams
Fitzroy selected two sets of brothers in its team, Bill and Jack Dalton and Jim and Mick Grace.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Match
Essendon had beaten Fitzroy in their round 1 and round 8 matches by 53 and 43 points respectively. Fitzroy had beaten Essendon by 29 points in the third match of their round-robin Sectional matches.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Match
Both teams had great difficulty playing football in the appalling ground conditions – as can be seen by the low scores – and the tough, bustling Fitzroy team handled the conditions far better than the Essendon team that had hoped to spread the game out as far as possible. Fitzroy took the lead in the first few minutes of the match, and Essendon were never able to catch up.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Match
Essendon were further demoralized when Fitzroy champion forward and follower Mick Grace, renowned for his marking skill and kicking prowess, flew high over a pack to take a spectacular high mark and kicked a long range goal.


1898 VFL Grand Final, Match
In a very tight, defensive second half, as the playing conditions deteriorated even further, only one goal was scored. Fitzroy went on to beat Essendon 5.8 (38) to 3.5 (23).


1898 VFL finals series
The Victorian Football League's 1898 finals series determined the premiers of the 1898 VFL season. Played under a new playoff system, the finals featured all eight teams, beginning on 27 August and concluding with the 1898 VFL Grand Final on 24 September.


1898 VFL finals series
The premiership was won by Fitzroy, who defeated Essendon by 15 points in the Grand Final.


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system
The VFL introduced a new system of finals for the 1898 season. Under the new arrangement the season was to take place as follows:


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system
The finals then took place over one or two weeks as follows:


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system
The essence of this format is that all teams had the chance to contest the major premiership, but the minor premier – as reward for its performances during the home-and-away season – had the right to challenge for the major premiership if it was either eliminated in the sectional rounds, or lost the first final. A stipulation was included to remove the minor premier's right to challenge if it performed poorly in the sectional rounds in order to prevent the team from resting its players or failing to take the sectional rounds seriously. The minor premier's right to challenge was not included in the original release of the fixture, but was added shortly before the start of the season.


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system
The finals system was also used in an adapted form by the South Australian Football Association for three seasons from 1899 until 1901. The SAFA amended the system for its six team competition by having two sections of three teams instead of two sections of four teams; and in 1901 amended it for its seven-team competition by staging an entire seven-team round-robin without a final instead of splitting the teams into two sections. Under the SAFA's 1901 variation, the minor premier was entitled to two challenge matches instead of one.


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system, Problems with the finals system
The finals system introduced this year was used for three seasons until 1900, and it had two drawbacks:


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system, Problems with the finals system
"The peculiar arrangement by which the premiership [in the 1898 season] was determined has given rise to some discussion as to which club is entitled to second place.


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system, Problems with the finals system
In the competition for the major premiership both Geelong and Collingwood have better records of wins as against defeats than Essendon, and I have therefore heard it argued that Collingwood must be considered the runners up, with Geelong third and Essendon fourth.


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system, Problems with the finals system
In winning the minor premiership however, Essendon secured a record which gave them the right to play off with the best performing team in the series of matches played for the major premiership (viz., Fitzroy), and as, moreover, the runners up are by custom recognised in the losers of the final encounter, I do not see how any team but Essendon can be entitled to the honor. At the same time the situation is not wholly satisfactory, and without wishing to cavil at the existing system I still favor the old custom of recognising only one premiership, to be won by the club holding the best record for one whole season.


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system, Problems with the finals system
The premiers for the season which closed on Saturday [Essendon] happen to hold that distinction, but it might not have been so."


1898 VFL finals series, Finals system, Problems with the finals system
Consequently, from the 1901 season, this scheme was replaced with the Argus system.


1898 VFL finals series, Matches, Section allocations
The clubs were divided into two groups for the sectional rounds as follows. The minor premiership was won by Essendon.


1898 VFL finals series, Matches, Bracket
The two sectional round winners met in the semi-final. Having won the minor premiership, and scoring eight premiership points in the sectional round, Essendon had the right to challenge the semi-final winner in the grand final.


1898 VFL finals series, Matches, Semi-final
The semi-final saw Fitzroy host Collingwood at the Brunswick Street Oval. The two teams had never met in a finals match before. In a low scoring contest, Fitzroy won with a goal from Potter at the end of the match.


1898 VFL finals series, Matches, Grand Final
The grand Final saw Fitzroy meet Essendon on a neutral ground. This was the first meeting between the two sides in finals. After much disagreement about which ground should host the grand final, the two teams decided to meet on the Junction Oval. Fitzroy's fast start helped it to win the match by fifteen points.


1898 VFL season
The 1898 Victorian Football League season was the second season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1898 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1898, the VFL competition consisted of eight teams of 20 on-the-field players each, with no "reserves" (although any of the 20 players who had left the playing field for any reason could later resume their place on the field at any time during the match).


1898 VFL season, Premiership season
Each team played each other twice in a home-and-away season of 14 rounds.


1898 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 14 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1898 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the 1898 VFL Premiership System.


1898 VFL season, Win/Loss table
Bold – Home gameX – ByeOpponent for round listed above margin


1898 VMI Keydets football team
The 1898 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their eighth season of organized football. Under first-year head coach Sam Boyle.


1898 VPI football team
The 1898 VPI football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1898 college football season. The team was led by their head coach J. Lewis Ingles and finished with a record of three wins and two losses (3–2).


1898 VPI football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1898 football team according to the roster published in the 1903 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1898 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Vanderbilt  was in its ninth season of playing football, coached by R. G. Acton in his third and last year at Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt's 1898 record was 1–5. This was Vanderbilt's first losing season.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
Georgia beat Vanderbilt 4–0. Quarterback Kid Huff saved a touchdown in the Vanderbilt game when he tackled the large Wallace Crutchfield.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
The October 30, 1898, edition of the Nashville American gave a report on the debate to abolish the game. The headline for the story stated, "How Many Lives Are To Be Sacrificed During This Season?" More notices to the story read, "HUMAN BLOOD STAINS GRIDIRON" and "Horrors of the Foot Ball Field Have Given Rise to an Agitation in Favor of Abolishing the Game" and "BEEN FORBIDDON IN SOME COLLEGES." This is a portion of the story: "Is football becoming so brutally dangerous as to call for legislate restriction or abolishment?


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
Just as the desire for the superseding, of war by arbitration to straightening out international complications had its birth in the grief and tears of the widow and the fatherless, so does the above question owe its origin to those who have been seen promising young men cut off in the prime or their youth, or maimed for life by the disparate struggle for football honors.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
Year after year the list of victims grow, until the matter has at last attracted national attention and in the absence of laws, declaring that young men may not risk life and limb in the gridiron contests some college authorities are forbidding the students to play football, and thus it comes about that institutions that have been prominent in this branch of sport will not be heard of during the present season.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
"A study of the casualties of the football fields proves that those who oppose the game on account of its brutality and danger are justified in their views. Here are a few of the causes of death on the football field or injuries received that resulted in death later:


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
"Two opposing players running. A careless tackle by one caused the heads of the two to come violently together. Result one man serious hurt that concussion of the brain, ensued ending in death.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
"A scrimmage man holding ball went down with as many men atop of him as could get near enough to add their weight to the heap. Lower man did not rise when the mass disentangled itself. Examination showed that his neck had been broken, killing him instantly.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
"Four players fell in a heap. In the struggle one lashed out with his foot, catching another on the head with the heel of his heavy shoe. Kicked man died three days later.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
"The list could have been extended halfway down the column, and a perusal of the news pages of the daily journals will show that deaths or injuries, broken bones, dislocated shoulders, smashed noses and sprained ankles are of daily occurrence among football players.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
"Were it not for the fact that football men of the colleges are young giants who have hardened their muscles and rendered themselves proof against lighter injuries by reason of the fact that they are trained athletes, and have practiced falling and tackling so as to reduce the possibility of accident to a minimum, the list would be much larger.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
Nevertheless, pertinently query the opponents of football, what youth, however well trained, can be a football accident immune, which at stages of the game he is pretty sure to be the pivotal point of a squirming human pyramid weighing 2,000 pounds? If the game cannot be played without such dangerous features as this, they say, and then better strike it from the list of sports.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Georgia – Human Blood Stains Gridiron
Vanderbilt's starting lineup was Powell (left end), Longhorse (left tackle), Sewell (left guard), Brown (center), Crutchfield (right guard), Martin (right tackle), Simmons (right end), Goodson (quarterback), Davis (left halfback), Edgerton (right halfback), Burke (fullback).


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Nashville
The season's lone win came over the University of Nashville (Peabody), 5–0.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Virginia
The most anticipated game in the South was the matchup between last season's two southern champions, Virginia and Vanderbilt, in Louisville. Virginia won 18–0. The game was played at Fontaine Ferry Park.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Central
Vanderbilt was beaten 10–0 by one of the best Central teams.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Sewanee
The Sewanee Tigers beat the rival Commodores 19–4. Sewell made the first touchdown on a 7-yard run. Vanderbilt's score came on a 40-yard run around left end by Walter H. Simmons. Ormond Simkins scored next on a 2-yard run. After the half, Kilpatrick scored on a 2-yard run. The last touchdown was a 35-yard run from Smith.


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Season summary, Sewanee
The starting lineup was Powers (left end), Martin (left tackle), Crutchfield (left guard), Brown (center), Sewell (right guard), Langhorst (right tackle), Simmons (right end), O'Connor (quarterback), Dye (left halfback), Edgerton (right halfback), Burke (fullback).


1898 Vanderbilt Commodores football team, Postseason
During the Theodore Roosevelt administration (1905) a meeting was held at the White House with various college athletic officials in attendance to discuss the violence in football. representatives of the premier collegiate powers—Harvard, Yale and Princeton—to the White House on October 9, 1905. Roosevelt urged them to curb excessive violence and set an example of fair play for the rest of the country. The schools released a statement condemning brutality and pledging to keep the game clean. President Roosevelt was also concerned about the deaths and serious injuries football was recording. Over the decades injuries have been reduced with rule changes, better equipment and advancement in training habits. But it is a contact sport with serious injuries and occasional deaths still occurring.


1898 Vermont Green and Gold football team
The 1898 Vermont Green and Gold football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In their first year under head coach D. M. McLaughlin, the team compiled a 3–2–1 record.


1898 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1898 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 6, 1898. Incumbent Republican Josiah Grout, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Edward C. Smith defeated Democratic candidate Thomas W. Moloney to succeed him.


1898 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1898 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1898 college football season. The Wildcats team captain was John F. Bagley.


1898 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1898 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 1898 college football season. Led by first-year head coach  Joseph Massie, the team went 6–5. The Cavaliers defeated Vanderbilt at Louisville in the South's most anticipated game. The team's captain was Harris T. Collier.


1898 WAFA season
The 1898 WAFA season was the 14th season of senior Australian rules football in Perth, Western Australia.


1898 Washington & Jefferson football team
The 1898 Washington & Jefferson football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1898 college football season. Led by William D. Inglis in his first and only year as head coach, the team compiled a record of 9–2.


1898 Washington Agricultural football team
The 1898 Washington Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented Washington Agricultural College during the 1898 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach Frank Shively and compiled a record of 0–0–1.


1898 Washington Senators season
The 1898 Washington Senators season was a season in American baseball. The team finished the season with a 51–101 record, eleventh place in the National League.


1898 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1898 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1898 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1898 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1898 Washington football team
The 1898 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1898 college football season. In its third, non-consecutive season under coach Ralph Nichols, the team compiled a 1–1 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 24 to 18. Clarence Larson was the team captain.


1898 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1898 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Harry Anderson, the Mountaineers compiled a 6–1 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 64 to 23. The team's only loss was to the Pittsburgh Athletic Club by an 18–0 score. Lewis Yeager was the team captain.


1898 Western Conference football season
The 1898 Western Conference football season was the third season of college football played by the member schools of the Western Conference (later known as the Big Ten Conference) and was a part of the 1898 college football season.


1898 Western Conference football season
The 1898 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Gustave Ferbert, won the conference championship with a 10–0 record, shut out six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 205 to 26. The team concluded its season by playing Amos Alonzo Stagg's 1898 Chicago Maroons football team for the conference championship. The Wolverines beat Chicago by a 12–11 score in a game that inspired Louis Elbel to write Michigan's fight song "The Victors."


1898 Western Conference football season
Wisconsin, under head coach Philip King, compiled a 9–1 record, lost to Chicago, and finished in third place in the conference.


1898 Western Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
PPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per game


1898 Western Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season
Only 10 conference games were played during the 1898 season as follows:


1898 Western Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season
Notable non-conference games during the 1898 season included the following:


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team
The 1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team was a collection of early football players, from several teams in the area, to form an all-star team. The team was formed by Dave Berry, the manager of the Latrobe Athletic Association, for the purpose of playing the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, which fielded a team composed of many of the game's stars from the era. The game between the two clubs ended in a 16-0 Duquesne victory and is considered to be the first all-star game for professional football. Contrary to popular belief, while the game was held at Exposition Park, which would be currently located inside of the city limits of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the 1898 location of the game was Allegheny, Pennsylvania which was not incorporated into the city of Pittsburgh until 1907.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, History, Origin
At the end of the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club's 1897 season, the club signed a number of talented players to contracts for the upcoming 1898 season. However, in April 1898, the Spanish–American War began. As a result, many of the team's recently signed players ended up in the United States Army. Looking for a solution to the problem, Duquesne manager William Chase Temple went out and signed up replacement players. Temple succeeded, and he received excellent results, when it was noticed that some of the replacements actually ended up being even more talented than the original contracted stars.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, History, Origin
However that August, the war ended, with an American victory, and the soldiers quickly returned home. As a result, the Duquesnes suddenly found themselves with a surplus of pro football stars under contract. The team had so much depth, that it's benchwarmers would have starred for lesser teams. The amount of talent on the field was also reflected on the team's ledgers. Due to the high payroll, Temple eventually took over the payments to the athletes, thus becoming the first individual professional football team owner.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, History, Origin
After a 7–0–1 season, the Duquesnes' team was being compared favorably with the 1896 team put together for a two-game stand by the Allegheny Athletic Association, featuring Pudge Heffelfinger.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, History, Fielding an all-star team
However Latrobe manager Dave Berry knew the all-star depth of the Duquesne team. He then conceived the idea of opposing the Duquesnes with an all-star team that drawn from the best players from all the other area teams. A game between the two teams was then arranged for Saturday, December 3, at Exposition Park. Berry began signing up stars, however he did not sign up everyone that he wanted. The leaders of the Greensburg Athletic Association opposed the game and did their best to discourage their players from taking part in it.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, History, Fielding an all-star team
The Washington & Jefferson Presidents football team also followed by disallowing their players from taking part in the game. Sam Boyle, an end from Penn State, was asked by Berry to be the team's captain, however he declined. No members from the Pittsburgh Athletic Club appeared on the team either. Berry was forced to rely heavily on his own Latrobe team, which fielded Eddie Wood, Doggie Trenchard, Harry Ryan, George Krebs, Bill Hammer, Jack Gass and Grennie Lewis. However George Barclay and Babe Rinehart, both from the Greensburg Athletic Association, decided to play on Berry's team despite the warnings given to them by Greensburg officials not to do so.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, The game
The All-Stars were outplayed by their Duquesne opponents. While both teams consisted of top tier players, the All-Stars consisted of much individual talent but no teamwork. Meanwhile, Duquesne played the entire 1898 season together and formed the bonds of teamwork during that time. A little into the second quarter, Duquesne scored with a Roy Jackson touchdown. However, they could not convert the extra point, and the score stood 5-0 at halftime (touchdowns were only 5 points at the time). In the third quarter, Duquesne's J.A. Gammons ran 60 yards for a touchdown on a punt return. Roy Jackson scored Duquesne's third touchdown late in the game, after the team put together a scoring drive of 80 yards on just four plays. The extra point attempt failed, however the game ended in a 16-0 Duquesne win.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, The game
Hours before the start of his all-star game, Dave Berry was "arrested" by one of his Latrobe players for a debt he claimed Berry owed him. Berry paid the $33 owed and then had the player arrested on false arrest charges.


1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team, The game, Attendance
Attendance for the game was only 1,500 people. Part of the blame was due to many Pittsburghers considering the football season over with the Thanksgiving Day games. Uncertain weather was also blamed for the poor attendance. However most of the blame went to the leaders of the Greensburg Athletic Association, who were accused of spreading rumors that various star players would not appear in the game.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team
The 1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team was an American football team that represented the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh) as an independent during the 1898 college football season.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap
The 1898 football team at the Western University of Pennsylvania (WUP) was led by Dr. Fred Robinson. Dr. Robinson was a graduate of State College and former player who lettered on their 1894 team. He also played for the Greensburg Athletic Association. He was registered in the Dental School so he was basically a graduate school player/coach. The manager, Edwin L. Thomas, had some scheduling problems due to the late formation of the team and unexpected cancellations, but managed to put together a reasonable slate of games with both college and club teams.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Season recap
Coach Robinson also formed a sophomore team that played a six-game schedule. In its first season under head coach Frederick A. Robinson, the team compiled a 3–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 68 to 34. Ultimately, Dr. Robinson led the WUP varsity eleven to back-to-back winning seasons while pursuing his Dental degree.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh Academy
Coach Robinson scheduled a practice game with the Pittsburgh Academy to choose his varsity starting line-up. On October 12 at Recreation Park, the WUP varsity defeated the Pittsburgh Academy by a score of 24-5. On the Western U. 's first possession, halfback Robinson quickly penetrated the Academy's defense and scored a touchdown. WUP fullback B. L. Rosenbloom converted the goal kick after. After the ensuing kickoff, tackle William Mitchell and B. L. Rosenbloom carried the ball down the field for the second touchdown. Rosenbloom again converted the goal kick after. The Academy boys then put together an offensive drive and got within five yards of the goal but lost the ball on downs. Robinson then raced the ball to the Academy five and the WUP offense proceeded to score again right before halftime.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh Academy
In the second half Coach Robinson substituted freely and gave everyone a chance to earn a spot on the roster. Late in the game the Academy eleven were able to work the ball deep into Western U. territory and score a touchdown.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh Academy
The WUP starting lineup for the Pittsburgh Academy game was Victor King (left end), Allen (left tackle), John Munden (left guard), James Chessrown (center), Weber (right guard), William Mitchell (right tackle), Clarence Burleigh (right end), Clyde Sample (left halfback), Fred Robinson (right halfback), Charles Blair (quarterback) and B. L. Rosenbloom (fullback). The substitutes that saw action were Chester Fisher, George Dale, Herman Watt, William Hanson, Glendenning and Price.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster (PA)
On October 19, Westminster College was the opponent at Recreation Park for the Western University"s first game. Coach Robinson scampered 45 yards for a touchdown early in the first half, but Al Marshall could not convert the goal after. The score stood at 5-0. Coach Robinson allowed everyone to carry the ball but there were no more scores in the first half.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster (PA)
In the second half, the ball stayed mainly on Westminster's side of the field but again neither team was able to score and the final tally remained 5-0 in favor of the home team. The sportswriters were impressed with the play of Robinson, Hanson, Hagerty, King, Mitchell, and Windeknecht.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Westminster (PA)
The WUP lineup for the Westminster game was Al Marshall (left end), Hagerty (left tackle), Allen (left guard), James Chessrown (center), Windeknecht (right guard), William Mitchell (right tackle), Victor King (right end), Charles Blair (quarterback), William Hanson (left halfback), Fred Robinson (right halfback) and Glendenning (fullback).


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Duquesne Country and Athletic Club
The D.C. & A.C. was also impressed with the play of the WUP eleven and rearranged their schedule to play the Westerns on the following Wednesday (October 26 ). The game was ultimately cancelled because someone referred to the game as a practice game for the D.C.& A.C. and the University lads became miffed with that appraisal and refused to play.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
On November 4, the Western University contingent traveled to Fairmont, West Virginia to take on the Mountaineers of West Virginia University in the first game of what was supposed to be a two game road trip. The game was played on a rough field with tall grass so it turned into a defensive struggle with many fumbles. Late in the second half Mountaineer fullback Yeager was able to score a touchdown and  West Virginia won the game 5-0.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The same teams were to play again on November 5th in Morgantown but the game was cancelled.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Greensburg Athletic Association
The November 8th game scheduled with the Greensburg Athletic Association was cancelled. Greensburg had played Latrobe Athletic Association on Saturday the 5th and were too banged up to field a healthy opponent for the Western University eleven. This was the third cancellation in a two week period.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
On November 15, Grove City College battled the Western University eleven at Recreation Park. Grove City did not fear the 1898 edition of WUP football and started some substitutes and moved some players into different positions in the line-up. Early in the first half the WUP offense, behind the running of Coach Fred Robinson and Rosenbloom, advanced the ball steadily down the field and Robinson finally scored a touchdown from the three yard line. The goal kick after by Rosenbloom failed.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
Grove City kicked off and Robinson caught the ball on the thirteen and raced 87 yards for his second touchdown of the afternoon. Rosenbloom's second attempt at the goal kick after also failed. Late in the first half Grove City was able to move the ball on offense. They managed to penetrate the WUP defense to the three yard line but the Western U. defense stiffened and held Grove City scoreless in the first half.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
At halftime Grove City adjusted their line-up and played their first string. Grove City received the kickoff and moved the ball into WUP territory. Halfback Shannon raced the last twenty-five yards for the Grove City touchdown. Shannon also converted the goal kick after. The Western U. again kicked off and their defense was able to get the ball back but the offense could not penetrate the Grove City defense. Both ends for the WUP eleven were injured and replaced with Malcolm McConnell and Chester Fisher. With Grove City back on offense, Fiscus of Grove City got loose on a twenty-seven yard run around left end to score their second touchdown. Shannon again converted the goal kick after and the WUP was defeated 12-10.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Grove City
The WUP lineup for the Grove City game was Al Marshall (left end), Allen (left tackle), Weber (left guard), James Chessrown (center), Windeknecht (right guard), Glendenning (right tackle), Victor King (right end), Henry Seitz (quarterback), William Mitchell (left halfback), Fred Robinson (right halfback) and B. L. Rosenbloom (fullback).


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Natrona Athletic Club
On November 19, the Natrona Athletic Club hosted the WUP eleven for a rainy, muddy game of football. The Western U. kicked off and their defense forced Natrona to give up the ball. WUP backs Mitchell, Rosenbloom and Coach Fred Robinson alternately carried the ball downfield with Robinson finally scoring a touchdown four minutes into the game. Robinson's goal kick after was unsuccessful. Later in the half Rosenbloom carried the ball into the end zone for a second WUP touchdown. His goal after kick was good and WUP led 11-0 at halftime.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Natrona Athletic Club
The Westerns scored on their first possession of the second half with Robinson advancing the ball the last thirty yards for the final touchdown of the day. Rosenbloom missed the goal kick after. The crowd then became rowdy and tried to interfere with play. Natrona kicked off and Robinson dashed down the sideline and ran into a spectator. He fumbled and Natrona recovered. Natrona was able to move the ball but time expired before they could score. The final score was 16-0 in favor of WUP.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at Natrona Athletic Club
The WUP lineup for the game with Natona A. C. was Al Marshall (left end), Malcolm McConnell (left tackle), Allen (left guard), James Chessrown (center), Windeknecht (right guard), Glendenning (right tackle), Chester Fisher (right end), Henry Seitz (quarterback), Fred Robinson (left halfback), William Mitchell (right halfback) and B. L. Rosenbloom (fullback).


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The November 19, 1898 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported “The game scheduled between the State college and W.U.P. teams for Monday has been declared off, as the State college faculty was opposed to a game just before Thanksgiving Day.”


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at New Castle Terrors
On Thanksgiving Day in New Castle, Pennsylvania, approximately 1,000 fans were entertained by the New Castle Terrors and Western University football game. The opposing elevens fiercely contested every play and there were numerous players temporarily knocked out. Eight minutes into the game McClintock scored a touchdown for New Castle and the goal kick after was successful. The WUP defense managed to secure the ball on the New Castle forty-five yard line. The WUP offense advanced the ball deep into New Castle territory. After a loss of yards and penalty, the offense was able to score the touchdown. The goal kick after was good and the score was tied 6-6 at halftime.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at New Castle Terrors
The second half was a defensive struggle with the ball remaining on the WUP side of the field for most of the half. Both defenses played well and neither team was able to score. The final result was a 6-6 tie.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at New Castle Terrors
After arriving back in Pittsburgh, the players complained about the rowdy fans and unfair officiating at New Castle. The WUP football team never played the Terrors again.


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Game summaries, at New Castle Terrors
The WUP lineup for the game against New Castle was Al Marshall (left end), Allen (left tackle), Weber (left guard), James Chessrown (center), Windeknecht (right guard), Glendenning (right tackle), Victor King (right end), Henry Seitz (quarterback), William Mitchell (left halfback), Fred Robinson (right halfback) and B. L. Rosenbloom (fullback).


1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team, Roster
The roster of the 1898 Western University of Pennsylvania football team:


1898 William & Mary Orange and White football team
The 1898 William & Mary Orange and White football team represented the College of William & Mary during the 1898 college football season. The season marked the first meeting between William & Mary and the University of Richmond, which later became known as the I-64 Bowl—so named for the highway between the two nearby schools—and eventually as the Capital Cup. Richmond won the inaugural contest 15–0.


1898 Wimbledon Championships
The 1898 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 20 June until 28 June. It was the 22nd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1898.


1898 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Singles
Reginald Doherty defeated  Laurence Doherty, 6–3, 6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1


1898 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Gentlemen's Doubles
Laurence Doherty /  Reginald Doherty defeated  Clarence Hobart /  Harold Nisbet, 6–4, 6–4, 6–2


1898 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's Doubles
Clarence Hobart and Harold Nisbet defeated George Hillyard and Sydney Smith 2–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–3 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champions Laurence Doherty and Reginald Doherty defeated Hobart and Nisbet 6–4, 6–4, 6–2 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1898 Wimbledon Championships.


1898 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's Singles
Laurence Doherty defeated Harold Mahony 6–1, 6–2, 4–6, 2–6, 14–12 in the All Comers Final, but the reigning champion Reginald Doherty defeated Laurence Doherty 6–3, 6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1898 Wimbledon Championships.


1898 Wimbledon Championships – Ladies' Singles
Charlotte Cooper defeated Louisa Martin 6–4, 6–4 in the All Comers' Final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1898 Wimbledon Championships. The reigning champion Blanche Hillyard did not defend her title.


1898 Windward Islands hurricane
The Windward Islands Hurricane was a strong, destructive hurricane that raged through the eastern Caribbean islands in the early part of September during the 1898 Atlantic hurricane season. An estimated 383 people died as a result of the storm. Damage on Barbados and St. Vincent was catastrophic.


1898 Windward Islands hurricane, Meteorological history
The storm developed in the south central Atlantic from an easterly wave out of Africa. The storm steadily strengthened and reached the Windward Islands as a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. The hurricane roared directly over Barbados with sustained winds in excess of 100 mph. The effect was devastating. The hurricane maintained intensity and actually strengthened to near-major hurricane force. It turned slowly north, passing close to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Lucia and Martinique. Exiting the islands, still a Category 2 storm, it continued north and then curved northeast near Bermuda. The storm finally became extratropical before crossing Newfoundland, having maintained hurricane strength for 13 consecutive days.


1898 Windward Islands hurricane, Impact
The storm caused devastating damage throughout the eastern Caribbean islands. Barbados and St. Vincent sustained the most damage. The estimated number of fatalities is 383. No damage figures exist but the destruction was very heavy and widespread in many places. Estimates run in the millions of dollars, uninflated.


1898 Windward Islands hurricane, Impact
In Barbados, 83 deaths and 150 injuries were reported. About 5,062 houses were completely destroyed, while 2,359 others suffered damage. Between 40,000 and 45,000 people were left homeless. Many streets were left impassable for several days, especially to vehicles. Phone service was completely disrupted as nearly all the power poles on the island were downed. The sugarcane plantations on the island also suffered crippling damage. The hurricane was compared to the “Great Hurricane” of August 1831, in which roughly 1,500 people died and the island of Barbados was practically flattened.


1898 Windward Islands hurricane, Impact
Impact was also severe on Saint Vincent. The villages of Richmond and Wallibou were a "complete wreck", with no houses remaining. In Chateaubelair, many houses were demolished, while a few were still standing after the storm, albeit with severe damage. Forty-five deaths occurred in the village. Similar impact was reported in Cumberland, with one death. Only one house was not destroyed at Barrouallie. Thirty fatalities were reported, eleven of which occurred after a church which people sought refuge in was wrecked. In Layou, only the police barracks remained standing. Throughout Saint Vincent, many people suffered injuries. Numerous large trees were uprooted and weather instruments were destroyed on the island. Nearly a foot of rain fell in just 24 hours. Dozens of boats were lost in the harbors and out at sea. The confirmed death toll for Saint Vincent was about 300.


1898 Windward Islands hurricane, Impact
There was minimal damage in Grenadines, except for Bequia, which was severely affected. At Guadeloupe, the sloop Marie Stella capsized offshore Goyave, drowning nine people. An additional nine deaths occurred after a landslide in Trois-Rivières buried two homes. On St. Lucia, impact was mostly limited to rain and landslides.


1898 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1898 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1898 Western Conference football season.


1898 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1898 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1898.


1898 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Edward Scofield defeated Democratic nominee Hiram Wilson Sawyer with 52.55% of the vote.


1898 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Bibliography
This Wisconsin elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1898 Wokingham by-election
The 1898 Wokingham by-election was held on 30 March 1898 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir George Russell. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Oliver Young.


1898 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 1898 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 6 and 7 February 1898 at the ice rink Eisstadion in Davos, Switzerland.


1898 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
Jack McCulloch was the defending champion but did not participate.


1898 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The Norwegian Peder Østlund won three distances but did not finish the 500 meter. According to the rules he became World champion. The German Julius Seyler who finished all the distances had the best score.


1898 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Rules
One could only win the World Championships by winning at least three of the four distances, so there would be no World Champion if no skater won at least three distances.


1898 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.


1898 World Figure Skating Championships
In 1898, the competition took place on February 15 in London, United Kingdom. It was won by Henning Grenander of Sweden. However, the second- and third-place contestants, Gustav Hügel and Gilbert Fuchs, who had won the championship in 1897 and 1896 respectively, filed a protest alleging biased refereeing: In their opinion, Judges Adams, Jenkin, and von Rosen strongly overestimated the Swede, and Hügel and Fuchs demanded that he should be deprived of his title. The organizers considered the protest, but rejected it as not substantiated. After this scandal, Grenander left figure skating and no longer performed at official competitions.


1898 Wrawby Junction rail crash
On 17 October 1898 at Wrawby Junction, on what was the Great Central Railway near Brigg in Lincolnshire, England, a passenger train collided with a derailed goods train; killing 8 people and injuring 26 more.


1898 Wrawby Junction rail crash
The passenger train was the 16:45 from Cleethorpes to Manchester consisting of a brake van, three passenger carriages and a rear guard's van. The goods train which had left Grimsby earlier in the day for Doncaster consisted of 44 waggons loaded with larch tree trunks, three trunks to a load secured with chains. The length of the trunks (up to 42 ft) necessitated the close coupling of the waggons. The goods train was being shunted on a curve at low speed adjacent to the main line when five trucks derailed just as the passenger train approached. One truck toppled over; its load of timber projecting over the main line. The brake van 'was carried away with the exception of the offside and roof'. The next two carriages were 'clean swept away' above the floor level; the first compartment of the third passenger carriage was also destroyed.


1898 Wrawby Junction rail crash
The investigation admitted that it was not possible to stop shunting operations from occurring on lines parallel and close to passenger running lines.


1898 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1898 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming during the 1898 college football season. In its third non-consecutive season under head coach Fred Hess, the team compiled a 0–4 record and was outscored by a total of 95 to 8. The season included the first scheduled games with teams from the Colorado School of Mines and the University of Denver. Harry Houston was the team captain for the second consecutive year.


1898 Wyoming gubernatorial election
The 1898 Wyoming gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1898. Incumbent Republican Governor William A. Richards was a candidate for re-election, but he was defeated for renomination at the Republican convention, which instead nominated DeForest Richards. The Democratic Party joined forces with the Free Silver Republicans to jointly nominate former State Representative Horace C. Alger for Governor. The Populist Party, though reduced in influence from earlier elections, nominated E. B. Viall as its candidate. Though the election was closer than 1894, owing in large part to a dramatic reduction in the share of vote received by the Populist nominee, Roberts defeated Alger by a wide margin.


1898 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Party conventions
Governor Richards announced that he would seek re-election, and prior to the Republican convention, he was seen as one of three frontrunners, along with banker DeForest Richards and State Senator John McGill of Albany County. However, Governor Richards was ultimately not re-nominated by the Republican Party; instead, DeForest Richards was nominated by acclamation. The Republican platform repudiated its 1894 support for free silver, instead adopting the national Republican platform from the 1896 Republican National Convention in St. Louis.


1898 Wyoming gubernatorial election, Party conventions
The Democratic convention occurred as a joint affair with Free Silver Republicans, and the coalition split up the statewide candidates among the two members of the coalition; the Democrats nominated candidates for Governor, Secretary of State, and Treasurer, and Free Silver Republicans chose candidates for State Auditor and Superintendent of Public Instruction. Former State Representative Horace C. Alger was nominated by acclamation.


1898 Wyoming state elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 8, 1898. All of the state's executive officers—the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction—were up for election. The Republican Party retained all of the offices up for election, though by reduced margins from 1894 as the Populist Party's performance decreased considerably.


1898 Wyoming state elections, Governor
Incumbent Republican Governor William A. Richards ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated for renomination at the Republican convention by DeForest Richards. In the general election, Richards faced former State Representative Horace C. Alger, whom he defeated, but by a narrower margin than Governor Richards won by in 1894.


1898 Wyoming state elections, Secretary of State
Incumbent Republican Secretary of State Charles W. Burdick did not seek re-election to a second term. At the Republican convention, Fenimore Chatterton, a former State Senator, was nominated. He faced Rock Springs businessman David Miller, a former Cheyenne City Councilman and former territorial legislator, in the general election. Chatterton ultimately defeated Miller by a decisive margin, but reduced from four years prior.


1898 Wyoming state elections, Auditor
Incumbent Republican State Auditor William O. Owen declined to run for re-election. The Republican convention nominated LeRoy Grant, the deputy state revenue collector and a former State Representative from Albany County, as Owen's successor. In the general election, Grant was opposed by Charles H. Priest, a state water commissioner and former Uinta County Treasurer. Priest was a Free Silver Republican, who was nominated for State Auditor as part of a fusion deal with the state Democratic Party. However, despite Priest's bipartisan appeal, Owen defeated him in a landslide.


1898 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer
Incumbent Republican Treasurer Henry G. Hay was barred from seeking a second consecutive term as a Treasurer. State Senate President George E. Abbott was nominated as Hay's successor at the Republican state convention, and former Territorial Treasurer Luke Voorhees, a former Republican, was nominated as his replacement at the Democratic convention, beating out Colin Hunter. In the general election, Abbott defeated Voorhees by a wide margin.


1898 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction
Incumbent Republican Superintendent Estelle Reed resigned from office on January 27, 1898, and Carroll H. Parmelee was appointed by Governor Richards as Reed's replacement. Parmelee declined to seek re-election to a full term, and Thomas T. Tynan, the Clerk of the Fourth Judicial District Court, was nominated at the Republican convention for Superintendent. At the Democratic convention, Jerome F. Brown, a State Representative from Sheridan County, was nominated. Brown was a Free Silver Republican and was nominated by the Democratic convention as part of a fusion with Silver Republicans.


1898 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1898 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1898 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 9–2 record under second-year head coach Frank Butterworth. The team recorded seven shutouts and won its first nine games by a combined 146 to 11 score. It then lost its final two games against rivals Princeton (6–0) and Harvard (17–0).


1898 Yale Bulldogs football team
Three Yale players, halfback Malcolm McBride and guards Burr Chamberlain and Gordon Brown, were consensus picks for the 1898 College Football All-America Team.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1898 and 1899 were landslide elections which had the Republican Party gain six seats in the United States Senate.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 55th Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1898 or in 1899 before March 4; ordered by election date.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 56th Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1899; ordered by state.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 56th Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1899 after March 4, and seated in the 56th Congress.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 56th Congress
In this election, the winner was seated in the 57th Congress, starting March 4, 1901.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, New York
The election in New York was held January 17, 1899.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, New York
Democrat Edward Murphy Jr. had been elected to this seat in 1893, and his term would expire on March 3, 1899. At the State election in November 1898, 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1899–1900) in the State Senate; and 88 Republicans and 62 Democrats were elected for the session of 1899 to the Assembly. The 122nd New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 28, 1899, at Albany, New York.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, New York
The Republican caucus met on January 12. State Senator Hobart Krum presided. They nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously. Depew had been Secretary of State of New York from 1864 to 1865, and was the frontrunning candidate to succeed Thomas C. Platt at the U.S. Senate special election in 1881 when he withdrew after the 41st ballot. Parallel to his political career, he moved up the ladder in the Vanderbilt Railroad System, being President of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad from 1885 to 1898, and holding positions in dozens of other railroad companies.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, New York
The Democratic caucus met also on January 12. State Senator George W. Plunkitt presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Edward Murphy Jr. unanimously.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, New York
Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, New York
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Utah
In mid-August 1898, Alfred W. McCune decided to seek office as a Democrat for the United States Senate. State legislators had already indicated they would not support the incumbent, Frank J. Cannon for reelection. Cannon, a Republican, had voted against the Dingley Act, which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry. The Dingley bill was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy, who now opposed his reelection.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Utah
Other factors were his support for Free Silver; rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington, D.C.; and that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats. The McCunes were close friends with Heber J. Grant, seventh LDS Church president and an ordained LDS apostle. Although the LDS church had (just weeks before) made a decision to stay out of state politics, McCune asked Grant for the church's assistance in winning office.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Utah
Grant consulted with Joseph F. Smith (Apostle and sixth LDS president) and John Henry Smith (a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency of the LDS Church), both of whom supported McCune's senatorial bid. But McCune was not alone in seeking the office. Former Representative William H. King was also running (and backed by two Apostles), as was James Moyle (a prominent attorney and founder of the Utah Democratic Party who was backed by state legislators) and George Q. Cannon (an Apostle and member of the First Presidency).


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Utah
At the time, members of the Senate were still elected by their respective state legislatures. The Utah state legislature convened in January 1899. There were 13 Republicans and 50 Democrats in the state legislature. From the beginning, McCune was considered the leading candidate. But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election. One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast, and no winner emerged. McCune was one or two votes shy of winning on several ballots.


1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections, Utah
on February 18, before the 122nd ballot, state representative Albert A. Law (a Republican from Cache County and a Cannon supporter) claimed McCune offered him $1,500 for his vote. McCune strenuously denied the charge, and a seven-member legislative established to investigate the allegation. The committee voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge, and this outcome was announced to the legislature on March 6. Balloting resumed, and on March 8, on the 149th ballot, McCune still lacked enough votes to win office (he had only 25 votes). The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator, and McCune traveled in Europe for several weeks to regain his health (returning in June 1899).


1898 college football season
The 1898 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Princeton as having been selected national champions.


1898 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in Afghanistan.


1898 in Afghanistan
The state of Afghanistan is peaceful and quiet throughout the year, with few exceptions. The amir suffers much inconvenience and loss through the frontier disturbances, and to steer a middle course between the fanatical forces about him and his foreign obligations is difficult. He is accused of harbouring Afridi refugees, but since they are fugitive Muslims, the amir by his religion is bound not to repel them when seeking refuge without prearrangement. The amir is not implicated in supplying arms and ammunition to the tribesmen. Across the Indian border, the First Mohmand Campaign in the North-West Frontier Province finishes in January 1898.


1898 in Afghanistan, April 1898
The amir appoints Mir Atta Khan of Herat to succeed the late Sipah Salar Gholam Haidar Khan Orakzai.


1898 in Afghanistan, May 1898
It is announced that the Afridis are again sending jirgas to interview Abdor Rahman at Kabul. These deputations, which are composed of Zakka khels, are turned back by the governor of Jalalabad, no doubt by orders from the amir. Sir James Westland, when speaking at Simla in June, warmly eulogizes the conduct of the amir, and says that the tribesmen should now see that although the Indian government made an agreement with the amir, that agreement was not intended to interfere in any way with their independence.


1898 in Afghanistan, December 1898
A message from the amir is received by the Indian government in which he says, speaking of the raid by Waziris into Afghan territory, that he expects the British will check such raids, just as the Indian government expects the Afghan officials to prevent attacks similar to that made in August on a party of coolies in the Tochi Valley.


1898 in Argentine football
1898 in Argentine football saw Lomas win its 5th Primera División championship within 6 seasons. The runner-up was Lobos. Flores and Belgrano A.C. "B" left the championship, being replaced by Lobos which returned to the Association.


1898 in Argentine football, Primera división, Championship playoff
Lomas and Lobos finished first with 20 points each so they had to play a match to define a champion. After the first game was declared null by the Association attending to a request by Lobos, a second match was played, winning Lomas the title.


1898 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in Australia.


1898 in Australia, Science and technology
Nothing much that is important happened to do with science and technology.


1898 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1898.


1898 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1898 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1898 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1898 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1898 in Australian soccer
The 1898 season was the 15th season of competitive association football in Australia.


1898 in Australian soccer, Cup competitions
(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)


1898 in Canada, Historical Documents
Federal plebiscite on prohibition finds apathetic electorate (compared to general election turnout) delivers small majority in favour


1898 in Canada, Historical Documents
Touring U.S. farmers find paradise of meadows, prairies and woodlands in Saskatchewan


1898 in Canada, Historical Documents
Questionable building standards lead to fatal collapse of city hall floor in London, Ontario


1898 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1898 in Canadian football, Dominion Championship
1898 Dominion Championship Game: Ottawa College Grounds - Ottawa, Ontario


1898 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in Chile.


1898 in Iran
The following lists events that have happened in 1898 in the Qajar dynasty, Iran.


1898 in Italy, Events
The year is marked by widespread bread riots all over Italy. The tariff on the duty on imported wheat is lowered from 75 lire a tonne to 50 lire. In 1897 the wheat harvest in Italy was substantially lower than the years before; it fell from on average 3.5 million tons in 1891–95 to 2.4 million tons that year. Moreover, import of American grain was more expensive due to the Spanish–American War in 1898. Wheat prices in Milan increased from 225 lire a tonne to 330 lire a tonne in April 1898.


1898 in Italy, Events
In order to try to diminish the rising prices the government of Antonio Di Rudinì was urged to abolish the duty on imported wheat. The lowering of the tariff is generally considered to be too little and too late. Street demonstrations demanding "bread and work" began in the South of Italy, which already had seen widespread revolts by the Fasci Siciliani in 1893–94. In towns like Bari and Naples rioting could be suppressed, while Florence was controlled by demonstrators for a whole day. The situation escalated when demonstrators were shot by nervous policemen, and rioting increased.


1898 in Italy, Events
The Finance Minister in the administration of Prime Minister Antonio di Rudinì, Luigi Luzzatti, passed two measures of social legislation in 1898. The industrial workmen’s compensation scheme from 1883 was made obligatory with the employer bearing all costs; and a voluntary fund for contributory disability and old age pensions was created. 'O sole mio the globally known Neapolitan song is composed. Its lyrics were written by Giovanni Capurro and the music was composed by Eduardo di Capua.


1898 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in New Zealand.


1898 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law
The 13th New Zealand Parliament continues with the Liberal Party in power.


1898 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1898 in Norwegian music.


1898 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in South Africa.


1898 in Swedish football
The 1898 season in Swedish football, starting January 1898 and ending December 1898:


1898 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1898 to Wales and its people.


1898 in architecture
The year 1898 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1898 in association football
The following are the association football events of the year 1898 throughout the world.


1898 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1898  throughout the world.


1898 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 1898  throughout the world.


1898 in film
The following is an overview of the events of 1898 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. The Spanish–American War was a popular subject. Several films made by Col. William N. Selig dealt with the subject of war preparations at Camp Tanner in Springfield, Illinois, including Soldiers at Play, Wash Day in Camp and First Regiment Marching.


1898 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1898.


1898 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1898 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1898 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1898.


1898 in paleontology, Dinosaurs
Misidentified non-dinosaurian archosaur preoccupied by Walcott, 1889. Later renamed Avalonianus.


1898 in paleontology, Dinosaurs
Misidentified genus of dubious non-dinosaurian archosaur. May be a synonym of Avalonianus.


1898 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1898 in poetry, Events, The "Generation of '98" in Spain
The "Generation of '98" (also called "Generation of 1898", in Spanish, Generación del 98 or Generación de 1898) was a group of novelists, poets, essayists, and philosophers active in Spain at the time of the Spanish–American War. Jose Martínez Ruiz, commonly known as Azorín, comes up with the name in 1913 to allude to the moral, political, and social crisis produced by Spain's defeat. Writing mostly after 1910, the group reinvigorates Spanish letters, revives literary myths and breaks with classical schemes of literary genres. In politics, members of the movement often justify radicalism and rebellion.


1898 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1898 in poetry, Deaths
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1898 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1898.


1898 in science
The year 1898 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1898 in sports
1898 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1898 in the Congo Free State
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in the Congo Free State.


1898 in the Philippines
1898 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1898.


1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines
1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines (Spanish: 1898, Los últimos de Filipinas) is a 2016 Spanish war drama film directed by Salvador Calvo. The film depicts the Siege of Baler from 1898 to 1899, where 54 Spanish soldiers defended themselves in the San Luis Obispo de Tolosa church against Philippine revolutionaries. It was shortlisted as one of the three films to be selected as the potential Spanish submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards. However, it was not selected, with Summer 1993 being selected as the Spanish entry.