18th SAARC summit, Agenda
China, which holds an observer status in the group, was represented by Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin seen actively promoting a more active role for itself in the region including infrastructure funding through its proposed 'Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank' (AIIB) and extending its ambitious Maritime Silk Road project to South Asian nations. Pakistan, China's all weather friend, also vouched for a more participatory role for the observer nations in the summit process, indirectly advocating for a more Chinese involvement. Although no such proposal was accepted because of India's reservation.


18th SAARC summit, Aftermath
With the ongoing cold relationships between India and Pakistan, the formal handshake between the Prime Ministers from both the countries caught a lot of attention and was applauded by everyone in the Summit Hall. In this way the 18th SAARC summit was over


18th SS Mountain Police Regiment
The 18th SS Mountain Police Regiment (German: SS-Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 18) was initially named the 18th Mountain Police Regiment (Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 18) when it was formed in 1942 from existing Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units for security duties in Occupied Europe. It was redesignated as an SS unit in early 1943.


18th SS Mountain Police Regiment, Formation and organization
The regiment was ordered formed in July 1942 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Mountain Police Battalion 302 (Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Batallion 302), Mountain Police Battalion 312 and Mountain Police Battalion 325 were redesignated as the regiment's first through third  battalions, respectively. The regiment was transferred to Slovenia shortly after formation. Colonel (SS-Standartenführer) Hermann Franz became the first regimental commander and remained in command until August 1943 when he was relieved by Lieutenant Colonel (Oberstleutenant der Polizei) Hösl. He was killed by a German landmine in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, on 19 October 1944.


18th SS Mountain Police Regiment, Formation and organization
All of the police regiments were redesignated as SS police units on 24 February 1943, but this was strictly honorary. It was in Northern Finland by March 1943 and Greece by October before it retreated north through the Balkans in late 1944–45. While it was stationed in Greece, an artillery battalion was assigned to the regiment.


18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel
The 18th SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division "Horst Wessel" (German: 18. SS-Freiwilligen Panzergrenadier-Division "Horst Wessel") was formed in 1944 around a cadre from the 1st SS Infantry Brigade and included mainly ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) from Hungary. The 1st battalion of about 1000 men was attached to SS Division Horst Wessel and sent to Galicia.


18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel
It was used for "rear-security" duties until it was sent to the Eastern front, with the exception of one regiment that fought the Slovak National Uprising in August 1944. It later fought as a single unit in Hungary and in Czechoslovakia where it was destroyed.


18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel
The Division was named after SA member Horst Wessel, known for being the author of the lyrics to the Nazi Party anthem, the Horst-Wessel-Lied, and glorified by the Nazi regime as a martyr of the party's early years.


18th SS-Standarte
The 18th SS-Standarte was a regimental formation of the Allgemeine-SS located in the city of Köningsberg. The Standarte was one of the earlier General-SS formations and had been founded in 1932, a year before Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany.


18th SS-Standarte
Throughout the 1930s, the 18th Standarte performed mustering drills of General-SS members and also participated in Nazi functions and parades in and around Köningsberg. During this time period, the Standarte was given the honorary regimental title of "Ostpreußen". Hans-Adolf Prützmann, who later became involved in the Holocaust while serving as an SS and Police Leader in Latvia, was an early commander of the Standarate.


18th SS-Standarte
In 1939, with the outbreak of World War II, the 18th Standarte began losing most of its membership to either the general draft or to transfer into the Waffen-SS. By 1943, the regiment had ceased to exist except on paper, yet had a posted commander until the collapse of Nazi Germany in May 1945.


18th Sarasaviya Awards
The 18th Sarasaviya Awards festival (Sinhala: 18වැනි සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළ), presented by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited, was held to honor the best films of 1988 Sinhala cinema on August 25, 1989, at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka. His Excellency The President Ranasinghe Premadasa was the chief guest at the awards night.


18th Sarasaviya Awards
The film Siri Medura won the most awards with eight including Best Film.


18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
The 18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly is the current term of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly, the legislative branch of the Government of Sarawak in Sarawak, Malaysia. The 18th Assembly consisted of 82 members that were elected in the 2016 state election and served from 7 June 2016 until its dissolution in 2021.


18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
The legislature would, in normal circumstances, have dissolved automatically at the expiration of the five-year term on 6 June 2021 per the Sarawak constitution, but it was overridden by an ongoing emergency declaration at the federal level arising from the 2020–21 Malaysian political crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The subsequent state election has also been delayed.


18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly, Background
Following the state election that was held on 7 May 2016, Barisan Nasional was able to form the next state government with a majority of 72 seats out of 82. There were several candidates from breakaway parties such as TERAS and UPP that had their members contest seats under the Barisan banner as direct election candidates under a deal by Adenan Satem after their parties were prevented from joining Barisan after opposition from parties such as PDP and SUPP.


18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly, Background
On 12 June 2018, all Sarawak-based BN parties including Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS), Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) and Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP) officially left Barisan Nasional forming a new coalition Sarawak Parties Alliance due to Barisan Nasional's defeat in general elections on 9 May 2018.


18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly, Committees
The fifth session of the 18th Assembly consists of 6 select committees:


18th Saskatchewan Legislature
The 18th Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the Saskatchewan general election held in June 1975. The assembly sat from November 12, 1975, to September 19, 1978. The New Democratic Party (NDP) led by Allan Blakeney formed the government. The Liberal Party led by David Steuart formed the official opposition. Edward Malone replaced Steuart as party leader in 1976. After the Progressive Conservative Party won two by-elections and convinced two Liberal members to defect in 1977, the Progressive Conservative Party led by Richard Lee Collver shared the role of official opposition with the Liberals.


18th Saskatchewan Legislature, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1975:


18th Satellite Awards
The 18th Satellite Awards ceremony, honoring the year's outstanding performers, films, television shows, home videos and interactive media, was presented by the International Press Academy at the Hyatt Regency Century Plaza in Century City, Los Angeles, as part of the 2013–14 film awards season.


18th Satellite Awards
The nominations were announced on December 2, 2013. The winners were announced on February 23, 2014.


18th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Auteur Award (for singular vision and unique artistic control over the elements of production) – Guillermo del Toro


18th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Mary Pickford Award (for outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry) – Mike Medavoy


18th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Nikola Tesla Award (for visionary achievement in filmmaking technology) – Garrett Brown


18th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Newcomer Award – Michael B. Jordan (Fruitvale Station) and Sophie Nélisse (The Book Thief)


18th Satellite Awards, Motion picture winners and nominees
American Hustle – Eric Warren Singer and David O. Russell


18th Satellite Awards, Television winners and nominees
John Goodman – Alpha House as Senator Gil John Biggs


18th Satellite Awards, Television winners and nominees
Taylor Schilling – Orange Is the New Black as Piper Chapman


18th Satellite Awards, Television winners and nominees
Elisabeth Moss – Top of the Lake as Det. Robin Griffin


18th Satellite Awards, Television winners and nominees
Laura Prepon – Orange Is the New Black as Alex Vause


18th Satellite Awards, New Media winners and nominees
Rise of the Guardians (Paramount Home Entertainment / DreamWorks Animation Home Entertainment)


18th Satellite Awards, New Media winners and nominees
Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch (Level-5 / Studio Ghibli)


18th Saturn Awards
The 18th Saturn Awards, honoring the best in science fiction, fantasy and horror film and television in 1991, were held on March 13, 1992.


18th Saturn Awards, Winners and nominees
Below is a complete list of nominees and winners. Winners are highlighted in bold.


18th Screen Actors Guild Awards
The 18th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards, honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2011, were presented on January 29, 2012 at the Shrine Exposition Center in Los Angeles, California for the sixteenth consecutive year. It was broadcast simultaneously by TNT and TBS.


18th Screen Actors Guild Awards
The nominees were announced on December 14, 2011 by actresses Regina King and Judy Greer at Los Angeles' Pacific Design Center's Silver Screen Theater.


18th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
The Help – Jessica Chastain, Viola Davis, Bryce Dallas Howard, Allison Janney, Chris Lowell, Ahna O'Reilly, Sissy Spacek, Octavia Spencer, Mary Steenburgen, Emma Stone, Cicely Tyson, and Mike Vogel


18th Screen Actors Guild Awards, In Memoriam
Meryl Streep introduced the 'In Memoriam' segment to pay tribute to the actors who have died in 2011:


18th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 18th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, District of Columbia on May 26, 1942, by the E.W. Scripps Company. There was no National Spelling Bee after this competition until 1946 due to World War II.


18th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The winner was 11-year-old Richard Earnhart of El Paso, Texas, correctly spelling the word sacrilegious. Second place went to 15-year-old Margaret Montgomery of Iowa, followed by Hazel M. LaPrade of Massachusetts, who misspelled "paucity".


18th Scripps National Spelling Bee
Earnhart was the first 11-year-old to win the bee since Frank Neuhauser won the 1st bee in 1925.


18th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 18th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 18th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 18th Congress, held in 1939.


18th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), List of members
This Russian elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


18th Separate Company Armory
18th Separate Company Armory is a historic National Guard armory building located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York. It is a brick and stone castle-like structure built in 1895, designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It was designed by State Architect Isaac G. Perry. It is a monumental rectangular brick and stone structure covered by hipped slate roofs. It has a large drill hall. The building features a crenelated tower and narrow recessed windows with stone lintels.


18th Separate Company Armory
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.


18th South African Parliament
This is a list of the members of the 18th South African Parliament, who served in the House of Assembly. They were elected in the South African general election, 1981 on 29 April 1981. This was the eighteenth general election since the unification of the country in 1910 and the sixth since a republican constitution was adopted in 1961.


18th South African Parliament, Summary by Province
The table below gives the number of registered voters (all of whom were classified as white under the apartheid legislation) and parliamentary seats, on the day of the election, broken down by Province. The provinces are those which existed prior to 1994.


18th South African Parliament, Members of Parliament
The first column is the name of the Electoral Division. The second is the province (abbreviated to CP, Nat, OFS and Tvl respectively). The third is the name of the MP. The fourth column is the MPs party.


18th Space Control Squadron
The 18th Space Control Squadron (18 SPCS) is a United States Space Force space control unit located at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California. Reactivated in 2016, the 18th SPCS is tasked with providing 24/7 support to the space surveillance network (SSN), maintaining the space catalog and managing United States Space Command’s space situational awareness (SSA) sharing program to United States, foreign government, and commercial entities. The squadron also conducts advanced analysis, sensor optimization, conjunction assessment, human spaceflight support, reentry/break-up assessment, and launch analysis.


18th Space Control Squadron, Mission
The mission of the 18th SPCS is to deliver foundational Space Situational Awareness to assure global freedom of action in space.


18th Space Control Squadron, History
The 18th Space Surveillance Squadron (SPSS) was the optical portion of the United States Space Force's Space Surveillance Network. They were responsible for operating four worldwide GEODSS sites, in addition to the Transportable Optical System (TOS), and the Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC). The focal point for all optical command and control was centralized at the Optical Command, Control and Communications Facility (OC3F). The 18 SPSS became part of the 1st Space Wing, Air Force Space Command, on 1 February 1990.


18th Space Control Squadron, History
The unit was reassigned from the 1st Space Wing to the 73d Space Group on 15 May 1992.


18th Space Control Squadron, History
The 18th SPSS relocated to Edwards Air Force Base, California in July 1995. The 73rd Space Group was inactivated in May 1995 and all units were then assigned to the 21st Space Wing. With a force-wide renaming of space units, the 18th SPSS became the 18th Space Control Squadron (18 SPCS) in February 2003. This renaming did not last long, however, since the unit was inactivated in June 2004, with all detachments falling under the 21st Operations Group.


18th Space Control Squadron, History
On 22 July 2016, the 18th Space Control Squadron was reinstated at Vandenberg Air Force Base. The squadron has a mission focused on space situational awareness in support of launches, object and debris tracking, and human spaceflight.


18th Squadron (Belgium)
The 18th Squadron (French: 18e escadrille, Dutch: 18ste Smaldeel) is a helicopter squadron in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces which operates the NHIndustries NH90 TTH.


18th Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
The 18th Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 18th CCDI on 15 November 2012.


18th Strategic Aerospace Division
The 18th Strategic Aerospace Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the Fifteenth Air Force at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington, where it was inactivated on 2 July 1968.


18th Strategic Aerospace Division, History
The 18th Composite Wing served as part of the defense force for the Hawaiian Islands from 1 May 1931 – 29 January 1942. It inactivated after suffering disastrous losses in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941).


18th Strategic Aerospace Division, History
From June 1942 until 1944, it operated as the 18th Replacement Wing, processing personnel entering Second Air Force.


18th Strategic Aerospace Division, History
Redesignated as the 18th Air Division on 1 July 1959, it assured that assigned wings were organized, manned, trained, and equipped to conduct long-range bombardment operations using either nuclear or conventional weapons.


18th Strategic Aerospace Division, History
The division was redesignated as 18 Strategic Aerospace Division on 15 February 1962, and also developed and maintained a strategic missile operational capability. Between 1965 and 1968, subordinate units of the 18th loaned aircraft and aircrews to SAC organizations for combat during the Vietnam War.


18th Strategic Aerospace Division, History
The division was inactivated on 2 July 1968 due to budget constraints.


18th Strategic Aerospace Division, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


18th Street Arts Center
18th Street Arts Center is a nonprofit arts center in Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 1988 and is the longest running artist residency center in Southern California. The mission of 18th Street Arts Center is to "provoke public dialogue through contemporary art making" and its core values are centered on its belief that art making is an essential component of a just, vibrant and healthy society. 18th Street Arts Center’s residency program hosts 50 or more American and international artists and curators a year.


18th Street Arts Center, History
18th Street Arts Center was founded by writer Linda Frye Burnham and Susanna Bixby Dakin, a visual artist and publisher of High Performance Magazine. In 1988, Dakin purchased the former production studio of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party and four other adjacent buildings in Santa Monica and launched the nonprofit. In 1998 Dakin sold the buildings to the nonprofit 18th Street Arts Center.


18th Street Expressway
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Fredddie (talk | contribs) at 05:23, 16 November 2019 (→top:  infobox street). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


18th Street Expressway
The 18th Street Expressway (often shortened to 18th Street in everyday speech) is a freeway in Kansas City, Kansas that runs from Interstate 35 north to Interstate 70/U.S. Route 24/U.S. Route 40. It carries the U.S. Route 69 designation its entire length.


18th Street Expressway, Route description
Exit 232B from Interstate 35 is a diamond interchange with traffic lights north of the Johnson County line, just inside Kansas City. This diamond interchange serves as the northern terminus of Roe Boulevard from Roeland Park, as well as the southern terminus of the 18th Street Expressway. US-69 northbound leaves I-35 northbound at this interchange, turning north to travel along the expressway. The expressway bridges the BNSF rail line as well as Merriam Lane, and has a partial diamond interchange with the latter (the ramps from Merriam to southbound 18th Street and from northbound 18th Street to Merriam are omitted due to the proximity of the I-35 interchange).


18th Street Expressway, Route description
18th Street continues northward through Kansas City, with exits at Steele Road and Ruby Avenue, a residential street (this second interchange, a parclo interchange, also serves Metropolitan Avenue, a more major arterial.) The freeway then crosses the Kansas River and the east end of the BNSF rail yard on the 18th Street Expressway Bridge. After coming off the bridge, the freeway meets the eastern terminus of K-32, which runs along Kansas Avenue. K-32 is the only other numbered route that 18th Street Expressway intersects aside from those at its termini. The K-32/Kansas Avenue interchange is also of the parclo design.


18th Street Expressway, Route description
North of the K-32 interchange, 18th Street passes over another rail yard, this one belonging to Union Pacific. On the northern edge of this rail yard lies I-70. 18th Street provides access to this highway via a traditional cloverleaf interchange. This interchange, Exits 420A–B from I-70, also serves as the official eastern terminus of the Kansas Turnpike, though the actual tolled section ends 10 miles (16 km) further west. The expressway ends at I-70, with northbound US-69 joining I-70 eastbound in a concurrency. North of this interchange, the mainline drops the word "Expressway" from its title to become 18th Street. It continues north as a typical urban arterial.


18th Street Expressway, History
The 18th Street Expressway was the result of one of four feasibility studies conducted by the Kansas Turnpike Authority to extend the turnpike by providing easy access to northeast Johnson County. It was the only one of the four studies to be followed upon, with completion of the 18th Street Expressway Bridge over the Kansas River completed in 1959. It replaced the Argentine Boulevard bridge over the river behind the modern-day BNSF railroad yard.


18th Street Expressway, History
Originally, the highway was part of the original K-58. Upon completion of the bridge, US-69 was rerouted onto the expressway from Southwest Boulevard (the section of which has since been renamed to Merriam Drive). In 1979, the K-58 designation was removed.


18th Street Expressway, History
The section of 18th Street between I-70 and the south end of the Kansas River bridge was tolled at least as late as 1984.


18th Street Expressway, Exit list
The entire route is in Kansas City, Wyandotte County. All exits are unnumbered.


18th Street Expressway Bridge
The 18th Street Expressway Bridge is a one level deck truss, four lane crossing of the Kansas River in Kansas City, Kansas. It was built in 1959, to replace the Argentine Bridge to the west. It also rises above the BNSF railroad tracks. It was damaged in 2000, after a BNSF train derailed and destroyed one of the piers, which caused the south approach span to buckle, and disabled it for several months while it was being repaired.


18th Street Expressway Bridge
The bridge has no significant shoulder (breakdown lane) and no pedestrian walkway.


18th Street NW
18th Street Northwest is a prominent north–south street thoroughfare in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C.


18th Street NW, History
The "18th Street" roadway was part of the 1791 L'Enfant Plan for Washington by Pierre Charles L'Enfant.


18th Street NW, History
In the present day 18th Street also travels through downtown Washington and the Dupont Circle and Mount Pleasant neighborhoods. It is also one of the main streets in the Adams Morgan neighborhood; the other is Columbia Road.


18th Street NW, History
It passes through the Strivers' Section Historic District in the Dupont Circle neighborhood. Many bars, nightclubs, and restaurants are located on 18th Street in Adams Morgan, and on weekends it is frequently congested with cars and pedestrians, especially at last call.


18th Street gang
18th Street, also known as Calle 18, Barrio 18, Mara 18, or simply La 18 in Central America, is a multi-ethnic (largely Central American and Mexican) transnational criminal organization that started as a street gang in Los Angeles. It is one of the largest transnational criminal gangs in Los Angeles, with 30,000 to 50,000 members between the United States, Mexico, and Central America and is also allied with the Mexican Mafia, another US-based crime organization. A United States Department of Justice report featured the following statement regarding 18th Street and rival gang MS-13, "These two gangs have turned the Central American northern triangle into the area with the highest homicide rate in the world."


18th Street gang, History
18th Street gang started near 18th Street and Union Avenue in the Rampart District of Los Angeles. There is conflicting information as to the exact area, but this is a generally accepted area by most academic sources. They were originally part of Clanton 14 but wanted to make a separate "clique" called Clanton 18th Street and allow immigrants the opportunity to join. This proposal was rejected by the Clanton 14, which led to the formation of the 18th Street gang. The two gangs have been bitter rivals ever since.


18th Street gang, History
The 18th Street gang grew by expanding its membership to other nationalities and races, and it was among the first multiracial, multi-ethnic gangs in Los Angeles. In the beginning, they were made up largely of second-generation Hispanics. As the 18th Street gang began to battle with more established Hispanic gangs, they began to recruit outside the Hispanic community.


18th Street gang, History
There are approximately 200 separate individual autonomous gangs operating under the same name within separate barrios in the San Fernando Valley specifically in North Hollywood, the San Gabriel Valley, South Bay, Riverside, East Los Angeles, South Los Angeles, Hollywood, Downtown Los Angeles, Northeast Los Angeles, Pico Union, Westlake, Inglewood, South Gate, Huntington Park, Maywood, Long Beach, Orange County, San Bernardino County and Los Angeles' Westside or West LA, according to the latest figures from the NDIC. In the early 2000s, the Federal Bureau of Investigation initiated wide-scale raids against known and suspected gang members, netting hundreds of arrests across the country.


18th Street gang, History, Central America
Eighteen Street started as a Mexican-American gang, but 18th Street also became Central American as it started to recruit more members of other ethnic groups. When Central American gang members were arrested in the United States, they were then deported back to Central America where the gang rose out-of-control on different levels of violence not just in El Salvador, but in Honduras and Guatemala as well, becoming one of the most violent gangs in Central America. 18th Street later became a bitter rival of MS-13 as both gangs wanted the top spot in Central America. Members of 18th street are mainly Salvadoran, Guatemalan, and Honduran, but the gang does have members from other parts of Central America. 18th Street influences have recently been spotted in Belize as well.


18th Street gang, History, Central America
In El Salvador a faction called the "Revolucionarios" ("Revolutionaries") split off 18th Street in 2005, becoming rivals with the other members, who came to be known as the "Sureños" ("Southerners.")


18th Street gang, Location
The majority of 18th Street cliques operate throughout Southern California, but are active in other states and internationally as well. Los Angeles members began migrating to other areas outside America and started to establish their own cliques. 18th Street cliques have been identified in 120 cities in 37 states and the District of Columbia in the United States, as well internationally in Spain, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Lebanon, Peru, Philippines, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.


18th Street gang, Culture
18th Street gang members are required to abide by a strict set of rules. Failure to obey the word of a gang leader, or to show proper respect to a fellow gang member, may result in an 18-second beating, or even execution for more serious offenses. According to the FBI, some factions of the 18th Street gang have developed a high level of sophistication and organization.


18th Street gang, Culture
18th Street gang members often identify themselves with the number 18 on their clothing and sporting clothing from sports teams such as the Duke Blue Devils, Los Angeles Clippers, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Chargers, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Lakers and Las Vegas Raiders. 18th Street will use the symbols XV3, XVIII, X8, 666, 99 (9+9=18), and 3-dots in their graffiti and tattoos. 18th Street colors are blue and black; blue is to represent and to pay tribute to The Mexican Mafia, and black is to represent the original color for the gang.


18th Street gang, Culture
The 18th Street gang is occasionally referred to as the "Children's Army" because of its recruitment of elementary and middle-school aged youth. They also allow other ethnicities to join their ranks making the gang multi-ethnic. In El Salvador it is common for members of the gang to be tattooed on the face with a large "18". In many cases the tattoo covers the entire face.


18th Street gang, Criminal activity
"We recognize them as one of the most violent street gangs and one of the most prolific in the United States," says Special agent George Rodriguez, who until his retirement oversaw investigations for the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Cars are stolen and homes are burglarized by the gang routinely. On average, someone in Los Angeles County is assaulted or robbed by 18th Streeters every day. The gang has left a bloody trail at a pace three times that of many of the city's most active gangs.


18th Street gang, Criminal activity
18th Street is a well established gang that is involved in all areas of street-crime. Several 18th Street gang members have reached a higher level of sophistication and organization in their illicit activities than other gangs. While their main source of income is street-level distribution of drugs, they also have been linked to murders, assaults, arson, copyright infringement, extortion, human trafficking, illegal immigration, kidnapping, prostitution, robbery, and weapons trafficking, as well as other crimes. 18th Street Gang has also been implicated in the high-profile kidnapping and murder of the 16-year-old brother of internationally renowned Honduran football player Wilson Palacios.


18th Street gang, Criminal activity
In 1998, Catarino Gonzalez was sentenced to life in prison after a jury convicted Gonzalez of first-degree murder for fatally shooting Officer Filbert Cuesta in the back of the head, while the officer was sitting in a patrol car.


18th Street gang, Criminal activity
Kingston, New York police arrested and jailed several young men on the charge that they abducted a victim, took him to nearby woods, and murdered him. They were held on federal murder and racketeering charges.


18th Street gang, Criminal activity
In 2019, an 18th Street gangster was fatally shot by a member of rival gang MS-13 in a Queens subway station.


18th Street gang, Criminal activity
In Guatemala city, many bus drivers have been killed by 18th Street gang members that drove through the alleged territory of the gang. Bus drivers were often victims of robberies and extortion. In one particular case the bus owners refused to pay the gang; a few moments later, a young man, the son of one of Libertad's bus owners was driving his bus along Route 4, which ran from the terminal down to the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in the southern part of the city. As he passed through Zone 6, two men flagged down the bus. They boarded it without paying and shot the driver in the head killing him instantly.


18th Street station (CTA South Side Elevated)
18th Street was a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's South Side main line, which is now part of the Green Line. The station was located at 18th Street and Wabash Avenue in the Near South Side neighborhood of Chicago. 18th was situated south of Roosevelt/Wabash and north of Cermak. 18th opened on June 6, 1892, and closed on August 1, 1949.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
18th Street is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue in Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times and by the 2 train during late nights.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
The station was built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the Dual Contracts with New York City, and opened on July 1, 1918. The station had its platforms extended in the 1960s, and was renovated in 1991-1992.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
The Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies (the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company), all working together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible. The Dual Contracts promised the construction of several lines in Brooklyn. As part of Contract 4, the IRT agreed to build a branch of the original subway line south down Seventh Avenue, Varick Street, and West Broadway to serve the West Side of Manhattan.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
The construction of this line, in conjunction with the construction of the Lexington Avenue Line, would change the operations of the IRT system. Instead of having trains go via Broadway, turning onto 42nd Street, before finally turning onto Park Avenue, there would be two trunk lines connected by the 42nd Street Shuttle. The system would be changed from looking like a "Z" system on a map to an "H" system. One trunk would run via the new Lexington Avenue Line down Park Avenue, and the other trunk would run via the new Seventh Avenue Line up Broadway.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
In order for the line to continue down Varick Street and West Broadway, these streets needed to be widened, and two new streets were built, the Seventh Avenue Extension and the Varick Street Extension. It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Lower West Side, and to neighborhoods such as Chelsea and Greenwich Village.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
18th Street opened as the line was extended south to South Ferry from 34th Street–Penn Station on July 1, 1918, and was served by a shuttle. The new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and sending all West Side trains south from Times Square. An immediate result of the switch was the need to transfer using the 42nd Street Shuttle in order to retrace the original layout. The completion of the "H" system doubled the capacity of the IRT system.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Station renovations
On August 9, 1964, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) announced the letting of a $7.6 million contract to lengthen platforms at stations on the Broadway—Seventh Avenue Line from Rector Street to 34th Street–Penn Station, including 18th Street, and stations from Central Park North–110th Street to 145th Street on the Lenox Avenue Line to allow express trains to be lengthened from nine-car trains to ten-car trains, and to lengthen locals from eight-car trains to ten-car trains. With the completion of this project, the NYCTA project to lengthen IRT stations to accommodate ten-car trains would be complete.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout
This underground station has two side platforms and four tracks. The two express tracks are used by the 2 and 3 trains during daytime hours. The original trim line and name tablet mosaics have been retained. Beige I-beam columns run along the entire length of both platforms with every other one having the standard black station name plate with white lettering.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
Each platform has a same-level fare control area that is staffed full-time and contains a turnstile bank, token booth, and two street stairs. The southbound side leads to both western corners of Seventh Avenue and 18th Street while the northbound side leads to the eastern corners.


18th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
Each platform has an exit-only at the north end containing a platform level turnstile and emergency gate and single street staircase leading to 19th Street and Seventh Avenue (the southwest corner for the southbound side and southeast corner for the northbound one).


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
18th Street was a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It was located at the intersection of Park Avenue South and 18th Street in Gramercy, Manhattan.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 18th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes the 18th Street station started on September 12 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station was closed on November 8, 1948, as a result of a platform lengthening project at 23rd Street.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 18th Street station contains two abandoned side platforms and four tracks. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. Many of these decorations have been covered with graffiti.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899. The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
The 18th Street station was constructed as part of the route segment from Great Jones Street to 41st Street. Construction on this section of the line began on September 12, 1900. The section from Great Jones Street to a point 100 feet (30 m) north of 33rd Street was awarded to Holbrook, Cabot & Daly Contracting Company, while the remaining section to 41st Street was done by Ira A. Shaker. The 18th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street  on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Service changes and closure
After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by local trains along both the West Side (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street) and East Side (now the Lenox Avenue Line). West Side local trains had their southern terminus at City Hall during rush hours and South Ferry at other times, and had their northern terminus at 242nd Street. East Side local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street). In 1918, the Lexington Avenue Line opened north of Grand Central–42nd Street, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. All local trains were sent via the Lexington Avenue Line, running along the Pelham Line in the Bronx.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Service changes and closure
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $41.7 million in 2020) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $13,888,000 in 2020) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. Platforms at local stations, such as the 18th Street station, were lengthened by between 20 to 30 feet (6.1 to 9.1 m). Both platforms were extended to the north and south.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Service changes and closure
The closing of this station was proposed as early as 1928. The station closed on November 8, 1948. The platforms at 23rd Street had been lengthened, with entrances at 22nd Street, and the 18th Street station was close to the 14th Street–Union Square station.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
Like other local stations, 18th Street has four tracks and two abandoned side platforms. The two local tracks, which formerly served the station, are used by the 6 train at all times, <6> trains during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights. The two express tracks are used by the 4 and 5 trains during daytime hours. The platforms were 200 feet (61 m) long, as at other local stations on the original IRT.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. Each former platform consists of 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm) concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The former platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every 15 feet (4.6 m). Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 feet (1.5 m), support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a 1-inch (25 mm) gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4-inch (100 mm)-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.


18th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
The decorative scheme consisted of blue/green tile tablets, buff and violet tile bands, a violet faience cornice, and green faience plaques. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor Manhattan Glass Tile Company and faience contractor Grueby Faience Company. The 18th Street station is fairly well preserved, with the exception of some litter and graffiti.


18th Street station (IRT Sixth Avenue Line)
18th Street was a station on the demolished IRT Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City. It had two tracks and two side platforms. It was served by trains from the IRT Sixth Avenue Line and opened in 1892. It closed on December 4, 1938, and was not replaced with a subway station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line. However, one block north of the station there was a 19th Street station on the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad that operated between 1908 and 1954. The next southbound stop was 14th Street. The next northbound stop was 23rd Street.


18th Street station (IRT Third Avenue Line)
18th Street was a local station on the demolished IRT Third Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City. The center track was built as part of the Dual Contracts and bypassed the station and served express trains. This station closed on May 12, 1955, with the ending of all service on the Third Avenue El south of 149th Street.


18th Street station (Illinois)
18th Street station is a commuter rail station on the Near South Side of Chicago, at 18th Street near Calumet Avenue. It serves the Metra Electric Line north to Millennium Station and south to University Park, Blue Island, and South Chicago. For many Metra Electric trains, this is a flag stop, and the train will only stop there if specifically requested by a passenger. As of 2018, 18th Street is the 226th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 23 weekday boardings.


18th Street station (Illinois)
The station is also occasionally served by trains of the South Shore Line to Gary and South Bend, Indiana, on an exceptional basis for Chicago Bears home games during football season.


18th Street station (Illinois)
The station was originally built by the Illinois Central Railroad (ICRR). The railroad was first built in 1907.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
The 18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was held October 25–26, 2019 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The summit was attended by the delegation from more than 120 countries.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
The summit's framework was the "Final Document" adopted during the Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement Coordinating Bureau which was held in Caracas, Venezuela, from 18 to 21 July.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
The head of the foreign policy department of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan also said that the agenda would primarily consist of issues on international peace and security.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
The summit consisted of two preceding events: a "Senior Officials Meeting" on 21 and 22 October 2019, and a "Ministerial Meeting" on 23 and 24 October 2019. The leaders’ summit took place on 25 and 26 October. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro officially handed the presidency of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, during the inaugural ceremony of Leaders' Meeting. Azerbaijan will hold the NAM presidency for 3 years until the 19th summit in 2022.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Overview
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum that is not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Overview
Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia through the initiative of President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito, President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru, President of Indonesia Sukarno, and President of Ghana Kwame Nkrumah.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Overview
After the breakup of Yugoslavia, a founding member, its membership was suspended in 1992 at the regular ministerial meeting held in New York during the regular annual session of the United Nations General Assembly.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Overview
As of October 2019, the organization consists of 120 member states, including the non-UN member state of Palestine, as well as 17 other observer countries and 10 observer organizations.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Overview
Approximately, two-thirds of the United Nations' members are represented at the Non-Aligned Movement, and they comprise 55% of the world's population.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Arrangement
The 18th Summit was decided to be conducted in the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku at the 17th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit held in Venezuela. The summit was scheduled to be held on October 25–26.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Arrangement
Organizing Committee for hosting the 18th Summit of the heads of states and governments of the member countries of the Non-Aligned Movement was established according to the Decree of the President Ilham Aliyev on February 11, 2019.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Arrangement
The "Senior Officials Meeting" and "Ministerial Meeting" convened at the Boulevard Hotel Baku. The summit was held at the Baku Convention Center.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Participants
During his welcoming speech, President Ilham Aliyev stated that heads of state and governments of nearly 60 countries, and overall representatives of around 160 countries and international organizations being attended at the Summit. Among the heads of states and governments followings took part in the Summit.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Participants
President of UN General Assembly Tijjani Muhammad-Bande and the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross Peter Maurer also attended the event.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Participants
Overall 164 delegations with more than 2700 delegates attended at the Summit.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Pre-summit responses
According to Deputy Foreign Minister Ramiz Hasanov, the participation of heads of 60 states and governments in the Baku Summit of NAM was confirmed.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Pre-summit responses
The Vice President of India commented on the significance of the summit being held in Azerbaijan under the motto “Upholding Bandung principles to ensure a concerted and adequate response to the challenges of the contemporary world” as it pertains to the approaching 65th anniversary of Bandung Principles in 2020 and the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Movement in 2021.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda
The summit's framework was the "Final Document" adopted during the Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement Coordinating Bureau which was held in Caracas, Venezuela, from 18 to 21 July.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda
The head of the foreign policy department of the Presidential Administration also said that the agenda would primarily consist of issues on international peace and security.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda
Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov opened the second meeting and highlighted youth empowerment to be one of the priority areas during Azerbaijan's chairmanship, as well as first-ever NAM Youth Summit to be held in Baku on October 24, 2019. He also mentioned “increasing youth participation in public administration, addressing their social, education and employment problems, as well as more active engagement of youth in achieving the goals and targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda” focused on the Final documents of the NAM Summit and Ministerial meetings.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Senior Officials Meeting
The Senior Officials Meeting was held on 21 and 22 October 2019. The officials discussed the final document of the Summit, as well as a joint statement of NAM leaders and two documents to be presented for foreign ministers’ meeting.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Ministerial Meeting
The Ministerial Meeting with the presence of foreign ministers of NAM countries was held on 23 and 24 October 2019. Venezuela's Foreign Minister Jorge Alberto Arreaza Montserrat, handed the presidency of the ministerial meeting for three years at the opening ceremony of the meeting. After opening remark of Elmar Mammadyarov and listening to the report of Senior Officials Meeting which was delivered by George Arreaza, the ministers starts to review the documents (Final Document, Baku Declaration, Declaration on Palestine and the General Report).


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
On 25 October, the summit was inaugurated by the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. Then the Venezuelan President, Nicolas Maduro, as the chair of the 17th summit declared the opening of the 18th summit and presented the report of NAM's chairmanship during the past three years. Maduro officially handed the presidency of the Non-Aligned Movement to the Azerbaijani President, Ilham Aliyev. After Maduro, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, President of the 74th session of the General Assembly of United Nations Tijjani Muhammad-Bande, UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo, Chair of the Group of 77 Riyad Mansour, and Azerbaijan's Minister of Foreign Affairs Elmar Mammadyarov delivered their opening speeches.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
Inaugurating the summit, Azerbaijani President Aliyev condemned changing borders by force, violating the territorial integrity of countries by force, and interfering in internal affairs as “unacceptable”.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
Following Aliyev's remarks, the United Nations General Assembly Tijjani Muhammad-Bande appreciated the contribution of NAM to the achievements of the United Nations for strengthening “the principles of the Charter of the United Nations – through opposition against colonialism, racism, hegemony, aggression, as well as foreign intervention and/or occupation”.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
In her speech, Rosemary DiCarlo welcomed NAM's focus on the challenge of disarmament and non-proliferation, also highlighted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development goals “in reducing inequality, in addressing the climate crisis, in tackling global hunger, in achieving gender equality and in expanding opportunity for young people”.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani criticized United States’ efforts “to impose on the world a unipolar and hegemonic order under the slogan of the new global system with reliance on its military, economic and media power”, as well as its monetary policy “to put political pressure on independent states”


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
India's Vice President Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu called for fighting against all forms of terrorism and spread of violent extremism. He expressed the deep concern over Pakistan's behavior in terms of Jammu and Kashmir issue.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
Cuba's President Miguel Diaz-Canel stated Cuba's solidarity with the peoples “who fight for rejection of America's unilateral decisions in support of Israel and against Iran; and the call to end the war against the Syrian people and find a comprehensive, just and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict”.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
Within the framework of the Non-Aligned Movement Summit, four documents were signed:


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
The summit's final document ratified on October 26 by the 120 members of NAM, emphasizes strengthen NAM solidarity in combating terrorism while highlighting that terrorism should not be associated with any religion, nationality, civilization or ethnic group. It declared the central importance of the development dimensions in trade negotiations and maintain that a successful conclusion of the Doha Development Round. Besides, it condemns promulgation and application of unilateral coercive measures against Member States of the Movement.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Agenda, Leaders’ Summit
Member states called serious, collective efforts to bring a complete end to the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, in accordance with and in full respect of international law. In addition, Member States expressed their regret in regard with the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, Nagorno Karabakh remains unresolved and continues to threaten international and regional peace and security despite of the United Nations Security Council resolutions.


18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Other events, Youth Summit
The Youth Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was organized for the first time in NAM's history in Baku on October 24 on the initiative of Azerbaijan. Youth from 40 countries participated at the Summit. Recommendations to the Summit of Heads of State and Government were presented as a result of the Youth Summit. In addition, establishing NAM Youth Network was initiated.


18th TCA Awards
The 18th TCA Awards were presented by the Television Critics Association. Bob Newhart hosted the ceremony on July 20, 2002, at the Ritz-Carlton Huntington Hotel and Spa in Pasadena, California.


18th TVyNovelas Awards
The 18th TVyNovelas Awards, is an Academy of special awards to the best of soap operas and TV shows. The awards ceremony took place on May 30, 2000 in the México D.F.. The ceremony was televised in the Mexico by Canal de las estrellas.


18th TVyNovelas Awards
Marco Antonio Regil and Adela Micha hosted the show. Laberintos de pasión won 8 awards including Best Telenovela of the Year, the most for the evening. Other winners Mujeres engañadas won 5 awards, Tres mujeres won 2 awards and -Sueños de juventud, Amor gitano, La vida en el espejo, Infierno en el paraíso and Serafín won one each.


18th Tony Awards
The 18th Annual Tony Awards took place on May 24, 1964, in the New York Hilton in New York City. The ceremony was broadcast on local television station WWOR-TV (Channel 9) in New York City. The host was Sidney Blackmer and the Masters of Ceremonies were Steve Lawrence and Robert Preston.


18th Tony Awards, The ceremony
Presenters: George Abbott, Lauren Bacall, Anne Bancroft, Harry Belafonte, Constance Bennett, Georgia Brown, David Burns, Richard Burton, Mindy Carson, Peggy Cass, Barbara Cook, Sammy Davis Jr., Paul Ford, Robert Goulet, Arthur Hill, Robert Horton, Shirley Knight, Carol Lawrence, Hal March, Mercedes McCambridge, Roddy McDowall, Molly Picon, Lee Remick, Cyril Ritchard, Paul Scofield, Martha Scott, Zachary Scott, Rip Torn, Gwen Verdon.


18th Tournoi International
18th Tournoi International was a gymnastics competition held in Combs la Ville, France on November 8–9, 2014.


18th U-boat Flotilla
The 18th U-boat Flotilla (German 18. Unterseebootsflottille) was a short-lived unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.


18th U-boat Flotilla
The flotilla was formed in Hel, Poland, in January 1945 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Rudolf Franzius. Officially a training flotilla (Ger. Ausbildungsflottille), the four U-boats were in combat in the Baltic Sea. It was disbanded in March 1945.


18th U-boat Flotilla, Assigned U-boats
Four U-boats were assigned to this flotilla during its service.


18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an African-American infantry regiment, raised in the state of Missouri, which served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
Organized in Missouri at large February 1 to September 28, 1864. Unlike other African-American regiments from the State of Missouri, the regiment was mustered directly into U.S., rather than state service.


18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
Attached to District of St. Louis, Mo., Department of Missouri, to December 1864. Unassigned, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, December 1864. 1st Colored Brigade, District of the Etowa, Dept. of the Cumberland, to January 1865. Unassigned, District of the Etowah, Dept. of the Cumberland, March 1865. 1st Colored Brigade, Dept. of the Cumberland, to July 1865. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, District of East Tennessee and Department of the Tennessee, to February 1866.


18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
Duty in District of St. Louis, Mo., and at St. Louis until November 1864. Ordered to Nashville, Tenn., November 7. Moved to Paducah, Kentucky, November 7–11, thence to Nashville, Tenn. Occupation of Nashville during Hood's investment December 1–15. Battles of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. At Bridgeport, Alabama, guarding railroad until February 1865. Action at Elrod's Tan Yard January 27. At Chattanooga, Tennessee, and in District of East Tennessee until February 1866. Mustered out February 21, 1866.


18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Notes
The 62nd, not 63rd, was the first black regiment raised in Missouri. The 62nd, 65th, 67th and 68th were initially mustered in as Missouri Volunteers of African Descent.


18th United States Congress
The 18th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.


18th United States Congress, Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.


18th United States Congress, Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


18th United States Congress, Members, Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.


18th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.


18th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives, Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.


18th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives, New York
There were three plural districts: the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.


18th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives, Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts: the 7th, 8th, 11th, and 16th had two representatives each, the 4th and 9th had three representatives each.


18th United States Congress, Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.


18th Vanier Cup
The 18th Vanier Cup was played on November 20, 1982, at Varsity Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, and decided the CIAU football champion for the 1982 season. The UBC Thunderbirds won their first ever championship by defeating the Western Mustangs by a score of 39-14.


18th Venice Biennale
The 18th Venice Biennale, held in 1932, was an exhibition of international contemporary art, with 13 participating nations. The Venice Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy.


18th Venice Biennale
The 1932 Biennale was historically the most important in Venice, due to the presence of a historical and no longer living painter like Antonio Rotta and the presence for the first time of a non-European country, the United States with its own building as a seat, further requests from governments were not lacking but the state of the gardens at the time did not allow further construction. The Italian Pavilion was built by Duilio Torres. The "Venice pavilion" was created by Brenno Del Giudice destined in its central body to the decorative arts section and in the wings to welcome foreign countries without their own headquarters.


18th Venice Biennale, Jury and prizes
The jury composed by Italico Ottone, Elio Zorzi and Domenico Varagnolo, awarded the Special Mention Prize of the Venice Biennale to Antonio Rotta, not only for the very high quality of his works, for the best historical representation of the themes of the Venetian society of his time, in the concept of the movement of Genre painting, of which Antonio Rotta was the most represented painter in Europe.


18th Venice Biennale, Jury and prizes
Antonio Rotta was exhibited at the XVIII International Art Exhibition by the will of the City of Venice, the City Council and the Mayor of Venice, as a symbolic artist, and icon of the painters of Venice, to celebrate the expeditious anniversary of the thirty years of the Venice Biennale Exhibition.


18th Venice Biennale, Exhibited artists
In addition to a main area, commissioned by the City Council of Venice, dedicated exclusively to the exhibition of the art works of the italian painter Antonio Rotta, an event that took place only once in the history of the Venice Biennale, were exhibits artists like Amedeo Modigliani, Filippo de Pisis, etc.


18th Venice International Film Festival
The 18th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 25 August to 8 September 1957.


18th Vermont Infantry Regiment
The 18th Vermont Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Vermont that failed to complete its organization to serve in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Vietnam Film Festival
The 18th Vietnam Film Festival was held from October 14 to October 16, 2013 in Hạ Long City, Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam, with the slogan "Vietnamese Cinema - Ethnicity, Humanity, Creativity, Integration" (Vietnamese: "Điện ảnh Việt Nam - Dân tộc, Nhân văn, Sáng tạo, Hội nhập").


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event
The Film Festival was held in the year that celebrates 60 Years since Uncle Hồ signed the Decree of Establishing the Vietnam Revolutionary Film Industry. It had an outstanding number of entries compared to other film festivals.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event
At the end of the film festival, the Golden Lotus Award was given to all categories: "Bò vàng" (Animated Film), "Bí mật từ những pho tượng Phật" (Science Film), "Có một cơ hội bị bỏ lỡ" (Documentary film), "Người cộng sự" (Direct-to-video Feature film), "Những người viết huyền thoại" and "Scandal: Bí mật thảm đỏ" (Feature film).


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Participation
The 18th Vietnam Film Festival has the participation of 44 cinema establishments across the country with 139 films. In which, there are 23 feature films, 6 direct-to-video feature films, 10 documentary feature films, 62 direct-to-video documentary, 12 science films, and 26 animated films.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Participation
Films released after the 17th Vietnam Film Festival until the submission deadline of September 5, 2013 are eligible to participate.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
The 18th Vietnam Film Festival has 3 jury panels for feature films; documentary - science films and animated films. Each panel will vote by secret ballot to propose the award decision for each type of film according to regulations. Members of the Jury voted for all the awards as prescribed in the 18th Vietnam Film Festival's Charter and scored as follows: Golden Lotus - score 9.1 to 10; Silver Lotus - score 8.1 to 9.0; Jury Prize - score 7.1 to 8.0; Movie not voted - score below 7.1.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
In the feature film category, there are 9 members of the jury chaired by director Đào Bá Sơn. Other members are: writer Chu Lai, screenwriter Đinh Thiên Phúc, director Hồ Quang Minh, cinematographer Phạm Thanh Hà, painter Nguyễn Trung Phan, composer Đỗ Hồng Quân, actress Nguyễn Lan Hương, director Hoàng Anh.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
In the documentary and science category, there are 7 members of the jury chaired by director Đặng Xuân Hải. Other members are: screenwriter Đoàn Minh Tuấn, director Vũ Thị Lệ Mỹ, director Lê Hồng Chương, director Bùi Đắc Ngôn, director Trần Tuấn Hiệp, journalist Tô Hoàng.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
In the animated film category, there are 5 members of the jury chaired by director/animator Nguyễn Thị Phương Hoa. Other members are: writer Trần Ninh Hồ, director Đào Minh Uyển, musician Doãn Nguyên, journalist Chu Thu Hằng.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Activities
To prepare for the 18th Vietnam Film Festival, the Organizing Committee organized "Welcome Film Week of the XVIII Vietnam Film Festival" taking place from September 23, 2013 to September 29, 2013 in Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City (Hanoi: at the National Cinema Center, 87 Láng Hạ; Đà Nẵng: at Lê Độ Theater, 46 Trần Phú; Hồ Chí Minh City: at Galaxy Cinema Kinh Dương Vương, 718bis Kinh Dương Vương, District 6). This is also the time when the "unknowns" are released and answered before the audience before the 18th Vietnam Film Festival takes place.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Activities
During the three days of the festival, besides the opening, closing and awarding ceremonies, film artists will participate in the following activities:


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Activities
The film festival organizers also cooperated with Quảng Ninh Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to open the exhibition "Cinema with Quảng Ninh" displaying images from typical films about the land and people of Quảng Ninh.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Activities
The Opening Ceremony was broadcast live on VTV1 channel at 20:00 on October 12 and the Closing/Awarding Ceremony was broadcast live on VTV2 channel at 20:00 on October 15. The general director of both ceremonies is director Le Quý Dương.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Inadequacy
From a professional perspective and event organization, the 18th Vietnam Film Festival is considered to be quite pale and inadequate. The place where the opening and closing night took place, although in an international amusement park, was narrow, with few spectators, most of which were officials and artists.


18th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Inadequacy
Side activities have not yet made a strong impression on people who are interested in cinema with seminars that lack novelty on "coordination of film production and distribution", "promotion of tourism through cinema". The cinemas are small (both Hạ Long theater and Phương Nam theater have about 200 seats each), the sound system is not really perfect.


18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
The 18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought with the Army of Northern Virginia, in southwest Virginia, and in the Shenandoah Valley.


18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
18th Cavalry Regiment was organized on December 15, 1862. Most of its members had served in the 1st Regiment Virginia Partisan Rangers (subsequently the 62nd Virginia Infantry Regiment). It was primarily recruited from the counties of Randolph, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Hardy, Hampshire, Lewis, now in West Virginia, and the counties of Warren, Shenandoah, Frederick, Bath, and Highland in Virginia. Recruits also came from an additional twelve counties in Virginia and West Virginia. Approximately 1,344 men served in the regiment.


18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
One of the famed elements of the 18th Virginia Cavalry was "McNeill's Rangers," led by Captain John Hanson McNeill. McNeill's Ranger formed Company E of the 18th Virginia Cavalry and included the First Virginia Partisan Rangers (62nd Virginia Mounted Infantry). After the repeal of the Act on February 17, 1864, McNeill's Rangers was one of two partisan forces allowed to continue operation, the other being 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry (Mosby's Rangers). McNeill's Rangers operated in the western counties of Virginia and West Virginia and were among the best known and feared Confederate raiders.


18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
McNeill's frequent raids on Piedmont, a town in Hampshire (now Mineral) County, West Virginia — and on Cumberland, Maryland—were aimed at disrupting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (a.k.a. B&O Railroad) service. It is estimated that over 25,000 troops were diverted by Federal commanders to guard the B&O against McNeill's force. McNeill's Rangers were known to exercise military discipline when conducting raids. However, many Union generals considered them to be "bushwhackers," not entitled to protection when captured, as was the case with other prisoners of war.


18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
The unit was assigned to John D. Imboden's and William L. Jackson's Brigade and after the participating in the Gettysburg Campaign, skirmished the Federals in western Virginia. Later it served in the Shenandoah Valley, participating in the Battle of New Market in 1864, and disbanded during April, 1865.


18th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
The field officers were Colonel George W. Imboden (brother of John D.), Lieutenant Colonel David E. Beall, and Major Alexander W. Monroe.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 18th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 18th Virginia completed its organization in May, 1861. Its members were recruited at Danville and Farmville, and in the counties of Nottoway, Cumberland, Prince Edward, Appomattox, Pittsylvania, and Charlotte.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company A (Danville Blues) - many men from Danville Virginia


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company B (Danville Grays) - many men from Danville, Virginia


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company C (Nottoway Rifle Guards) - many men from Nottoway County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company D (Prospect Rifle Grays) - many men from Prince Edward County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company E (Black Eagle Rifles) - many men from Cumberland County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company F (Farmville Guard) - many men from Farmville, Virginia (Prince Edward and Cumberland Counties)


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company G (Nottoway Grays) - many men from Nottoway County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company H (Appomattox Grays) - many men from Appomattox County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company I  (Spring Garden Blues) - many men from Pittsylvania County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Company K (Charlotte Rifles) - many men from Charlotte County, mustered in February 1861. Reorganized April 1862 with Captains Thomas J. Spencer, Mathew Lyle, Robert Morton Shepperson, Martin Luther Covington, William Henry Smith. The unit fought at First Manassas under General Cocke, then was assigned to General Pickett's, Garnett's, and Hunton's Brigade. It participated in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia from Williamsburg to Gettysburg except when it was detached to Suffolk with Longstreet. Later it served in North Carolina, returned to Virginia, and took an active part in the battles of Drewry's Bluff and Cold Harbor. The 18th endured the hardships of the Petersburg trenches north of the James River and saw action around Appomattox.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
It lost 6 killed and 13 wounded at First Manassas and in April, 1862, had 700 men fit for duty. The unit reported 206 casualties during the Seven Days' Battles, and of the 120 engaged in the Maryland Campaign, thirty-six percent of the 312 in action were killed, wounded, or missing. Many were captured at Sayler's Creek and only 2 officers and 32 men surrendered.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The field officers were Colonels Henry A. Carrington and Robert E. Withers, Lieutenant Colonel George C. Cabell, and Major Edwin G. Wall.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Robert Lewis Dabney briefly served as chaplain for the regiment, before becoming chief of staff for Stonewall Jackson.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 18th Virginia Infantry Regiment battle flag at the Appomattox museum.


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Two Officers of Company "G" 18th Va Infantry; the officer at bottom Captain Arch. Campbell was killed in April 1865 at the Battle of Sayler's Creek -ironically next to Nottoway County in Prince Edward County


18th Virginia Infantry Regiment
Private John G. Lee of Company H, 18th Virginia Infantry Regiment


18th Visual Effects Society Awards
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode:The Mandalorian – The Child


18th Visual Effects Society Awards
The 18th Visual Effects Society Awards was an awards ceremony held by the Visual Effects Society. Nominations were announced on January 7, 2020, and the ceremony took place on January 29, 2020.


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Lion King – Robert Legato, Tom Peitzman, Adam Valdez, Andrew R. Jones


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Irishman – Pablo Helman, Mitchell Ferm, Jill Brooks, Leandro Estebecorena, Jeff Brink


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
Missing Link – Brad Schiff, Travis Knight, Steve Emerson, Benoit Dubuc


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
Alita: Battle Angel – Alita – Michael Cozens, Mark Haenga, Olivier Lesaint, Dejan Momcliovic


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
Missing Link – Susan – Rachelle Lambden, Brenda Baumgarten, Morgan Hay, Benoit Dubuc


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Lion King – The Pridelands – Marco Rolandi, Luca Bonatti, Jules Bodenstein, Filippo Preto


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
Toy Story 4 – Antiques Mall – Hosuk Chang, Andrew Finley, Alison Leaf, Philip Shoebottom for Antique Mall


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Lion King –Robert Legato, Caleb Deschanel, Ben Grossman, AJ Sciutto


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Mandalorian – The Sin; The Razorcrest – Doug Chiang, Jay Machado, John Goodson, Landis Fields IV


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker – Don Wong, Thibault Gauriau, Goncalo Cabaca, Francois-Maxence Desplanques


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
Frozen II – Erin V. Ramos, Scott Townsend, Thomas Wickes, Rattanin Sirinaruemarn


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Irishman – Nelson Sepulveda, Vince Papaix, Benjamin O'Brien, Christopher Doerhoff


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Film
The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance – She Knows All the Secrets – Sean Mathiesen, Jon Savage, Toby Froud, Phil Harvey


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
The Mandalorian – The Child – Richard Bluff, Abbigail Keller, Jason Porter, Hayden Jones, Roy Cancinon (for "The Child")


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Chernobyl – 1:23:45 – Max Dennison, Lindsay McFarlane, Clare Cheetham, Paul Jones, Claudius Christian Rauch


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Hennessy – The Seven Worlds – Carsten Keller, Selcuk Ergen, Kiril Mirkov, William Laban


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Stranger Things – Tom/Bruce Monster – Joseph Dubé-Arsenault, Antoine Barthod, Frederick Gagnon, Xavier Lafarge


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Cyberpunk 2077 – Dex – Jonas Ekman, Jonas Skoog, Marek Madej, Grzegorz Chonjnacki


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – The Iron Throne; Red Keep Plaza – Carlos Patrick DeLeon, Alonso Bocanegra Martinez, Marcela Silva, Benjamin Ross


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – The Bells – Marcel Kern, Paul Fuller, Ryo Sakaguchi, Thomas Hartmann


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – The Long Night; Dragon Ground Battle – Mark Richardson, Darren Christie, Nathan Abbott, Owen Longstaff


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Television
Hennessy – The Seven Worlds – Rod Norman, Guillaume Weiss, Alexander Kulikov, Alessandro Granella


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Other categories
Control – Janne Pulkkinen, Elmeri Raitanen, Matti Hämäläinen, James Tottman


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Other categories
Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance – Jason Bayever, Patrick Kearney, Carol Norton, Bill George


18th Visual Effects Society Awards, Nominees, Other categories
The Beauty – Marc Angele, Aleksandra Todorovic, Pascal Schelbli, Noel Winzen


18th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)
The 18th Volksgrenadier Division (18. Volksgrenadier-Division; 18. VGD) was a volksgrenadier division of the German Army (Heer) during the Second World War, active from 1944 to 1945.


18th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)
The division was formed in Denmark, in September 1944, by redesignating 571. Volksgrenadier-Division. Under the command of Günther Hoffmann-Schönborn, the new division absorbed elements of the 18th Luftwaffe Field Division. It contained the 293., 294. and 295. grenadier regiments, Panzerjäger-Bataillon 1818, Pionier-Bataillon 1818, Füsilier-Bataillon 1818 and Artillerie-Regiment 1818.


18th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)
The division fought in the Ardennes, inflicting on the 106th US Infantry Division the worst defeat suffered by U.S. forces in the ETO, when over 8,000 US soldiers surrendered to the volksgrenadiers. On December 21, 18. VGD captured St. Vith, winning a great victory. As the offensive steam came to an end in the Ardennes, the division went on the defensive, and there they would stay. Eventually retreating through Germany until the end of the war, when it surrendered. On February 5, 1945 General Walter Botsch took over command of the division. On March 6, 1945, when Botsch was ordered to take command of the LIIIrd Army Corps, the 18. VGD division was absorbed into the 26. VGD led by Heinz Kokott, Heinrich Himmler's brother-in-law.


18th Wing
The United States Air Force's 18th Wing is the host wing for Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan and is the Air Force's largest combat wing. It is the largest and principal organization in the Pacific Air Forces Fifth Air Force.


18th Wing
The Wing's 18th Operations Group is a successor organization of the 18th Pursuit Group, one of the 15 original combat air groups formed by the Army before World War II.


18th Wing, Mission
The 18th Wing's mission is to defend U.S. and Japanese' mutual interests by providing a responsive staging and operational airbase with integrated, deployable, forward-based airpower. The focus of the unit's operations is directed to accomplishing this mission. Strategy used to employ this mission centers around a composite force of combat-ready fighter, air refueling, airborne warning and control and rescue aircraft as well as medical aircrews tasked with transporting patients by air.


18th Wing, Units
The 18th Wing is composed of five groups each with specific functions. The Operations Group controls all flying and airfield operations. The Maintenance Group performs Aircraft and Aircraft support equipment maintenance. The Mission Support Group has a wide range of responsibilities but a few of its functions are Security, Communications, Personnel Management, Logistics, Services and Contracting support. The Civil Engineer Group provides facilities management, while the Medical Group provides medical and dental care.


18th Wing, Units
Team Kadena includes associate units from five other Air Force major commands, the Navy, and numerous other Department of Defense agencies and direct reporting units. In addition to the aircraft of the 18th Wing, associate units operate more than 20 permanently assigned, forward-based or deployed aircraft from the base on a daily basis.


18th Wing, Heraldry
The fighting cock emblem, approved in 1931, symbolizes the courage and aggressiveness of a combat organization.


18th Wing, History
The 18th Fighter Wing was established on 10 August 1948, and activated four days later at Clark Air Force Base. On 20 January 1950, the wing was re-designated the 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
The 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing was reassigned to Korea in July 1950 and entered combat. Its organization was as follows:


18th Wing, History, Korean War
At the outbreak of the Korean War, the 18th FBG's 12th FBS provided personnel to form the "Dallas" fighter squadron, which rushed into battle. In late July, the group headquarters with two of its squadrons (12th and 67th FBSs) deployed with F-80s from the Philippines to Taegu AB (K-37), South Korea.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
From 28 July to 3 August, the 18th Group operated directly under Fifth Air Force then passed to the control of the 6002nd Fighter (later, Tactical Support) Wing. Pilots exchanged their F-80s for F-51 Mustangs. Combat targets included tanks and armored vehicles, locomotives and trucks, artillery and antiaircraft guns, fuel and ammunition dumps, warehouses and factories, and troop concentrations.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
In August, advancing enemy forces and insufficient aircraft parking at Taegu forced the group to move to Japan, but it returned to South Korea the following month to support UN forces in a counteroffensive. Because the front advanced so rapidly, operations from Pusan East (K-9) Air Base soon became impractical, and the group moved in November to Pyongyang East Air Base (K-24), North Korea. The 2nd SAAF Squadron joined the 18th in mid-November.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
Maj Louis J. Sebille was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his action on 5 August 1950: although his plane was badly damaged by flak while attacking a concentration of enemy trucks, Maj Sebille continued his strafing passes until he crashed into an armored vehicle.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
The Chinese Communist (CCF intervention) caused the group to move twice in as many weeks, first to Suwon AB (K-13), South Korea, then to Chinhae (K-10). From there the 18th FBG continued to support ground forces and carry out armed reconnaissance and interdiction missions. From November 1950 through January 1951, it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for destroying roughly 2,400 enemy vehicles and severely damaging almost 500 more.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
From early 1951 until January 1953, the group and its tactical squadrons, moving from base to base in South Korea, operated separately from the rest of the 18th FBW. The group earned its second Distinguished Unit Citation from 22 April to 8 July 1951, when it flew 6,500 combat sorties while operating from sod, dirt filled, and damaged runways to counter the enemy's 1951 spring offensive.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
When in January 1953 the group rejoined the wing at Osan-ni AB (K-55), its squadrons transitioned to F-86 Sabrejets without halting the fight against the enemy. It flew its first F-86 counter air mission on 26 February 1953. In the final days of the war, the 18th FBG attacked dispersed enemy aircraft at Sinuiju and Uiju Airfields.


18th Wing, History, Korean War
The group remained in Korea for some time after the armistice. The wing was reassigned to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa in November 1954.


18th Wing, History, Cold War
Since November 1954, the 18th Wing under various designations has been the main United States Air Force operational unit at Kadena Air Base. Over the past 50 years, the 18th has maintained assigned aircraft, crews, and supporting personnel in a high state of readiness for tactical air requirements of Fifth Air Force and the Pacific Air Forces. Known Cold War-Era operational squadrons were:


18th Wing, History, Cold War
Flying the North American F-86 Sabres, the wing supported tactical fighter operations in Okinawa, as well as in South Korea, Japan, Formosa (later Taiwan), and the Philippines with frequent deployments. In 1957, the wing upgraded to the North American F-100 Super Sabre and the designation was changed to the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing. In 1960, a tactical reconnaissance mission was added to the wing with the arrival of the McDonnell RF-101 Voodoo and the 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (Tail Code: ZZ) The McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II replaced the RF-101 in the reconnaissance role in 1967.


18th Wing, History, Cold War
From 14 – 28 March 1961, the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing deployed the 15th Reconnaissance Squadron to Kung Kuan Air Base, Taiwan equipped with McDonnell RF-101 Voodoo. Beginning in 1961, the 18th was sending its tactical squadrons frequently to South Vietnam and Thailand, initially with its RF-101 reconnaissance forces, and beginning in 1964 with its tactical fighter forces supporting USAF combat missions in the Vietnam War. In 1963, the Republic F-105 Thunderchief replaced the Super Sabres. Known Vietnam-era squadrons of the wing were:


18th Wing, History, Cold War
The deployments to Southeast Asia continued until the end of United States involvement in the conflict. An electronic warfare capability was added to the wing in late 1968 with the reassignment of the 19th Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron  from Shaw AFB, South Carolina flying the Douglas EB-66E Destroyer (Tail Code: ZT). The B-66s remained until 1970, flying daily over the skies of Southeast Asia.


18th Wing, History, Cold War
During the 1968 Pueblo crisis, the 18th deployed between January and June to Osan Air Base, South Korea following the North Korean seizure of the vessel. Frequent deployments to South Korea have been performed ever since to maintain the air defense alert mission there. The McDonnell Douglas F-4C/D Phantom II replaced the F-105s in 1971, and a further upgrade to the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle was made in 1979.


18th Wing, History, Cold War
On 6 November 1972, the 18th Wing dispatched the McDonnell Douglas F-4C/D Phantom II fighters of 44th Tactical Fighter Squadron and 67th Tactical Fighter Squadron to the Ching Chuan Kang Air Base in Taiwan until 31 May 1975, to assist Taiwan ’s air defense, defend against aerial threats from China.


18th Wing, History, Cold War
The following are the units that the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing once stationed at Ching Chuan Kang Air Base in Taiwan：


18th Wing, History, Cold War
In May 1971, the 556th RS was also transferred from Yokota to Kadena with Martin EB-57E Canberra aircraft (Tail Code: GT) to the wing. It inactivated in 1973. In 1972, the 1st Special Operations Squadron was assigned, bringing their specialized C-130E-I. (Combat Talon) The RF-4C reconnaissance mission ended in 1989 with the transfer of the RF-4Cs to the 460th TRG at Taegu AB in Korea.


18th Wing, History, Modern era
The designation of the wing changed on 1 October 1991, to the 18th Wing with the implementation of the Objective Wing concept. The original designation, as determined by the then Wing Commander, Brigadier General Joseph Hurd, was 18 Wing; meant to mirror the numbering convention of the Royal Air Force. This was quickly changed however when it was disapproved by PACAF but there are coins, etc. from this time period that depict the wing's designation as 18 Wing.


18th Wing, History, Modern era
With the objective wing, the mission of the 18th expanded to the Composite Air Wing concept of multiple different wing missions with different aircraft. The mission of the 18th was expanded to include aerial refueling with Boeing KC-135R/T Stratotanker tanker aircraft (909th ARS); and surveillance, warning, command and control Boeing E-3B/C Sentry (961st AACS), and communications. Added airlift mission in June 1992 with the Beech C-12 Huron, transporting mission critical personnel, high-priority cargo and distinguished visitors.


18th Wing, History, Modern era
In February 1993, the 18th Wing gained responsibility for coordinating rescue operations in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean with the addition of the 33d Rescue Squadron (33d RQS).


18th Wing, History, Modern era
In November 1999, the 18th Wing underwent another change as one of its three F-15 units, the 12th Fighter Squadron, was reassigned to the 3d Wing at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.


18th Wing, History, Modern era
In 2003 the 374th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron at Yokota Air Base, Japan was moved to Kadena and redesignated the 18th AES giving the 18th Wing an added mission of patient transport. 18 AES crews utilize the KC-135s of the 909th ARS as well as other opportune aircraft including the C-17 and C-130.


18th Wing, History, Modern era
Between 24–31 March 2006, during Foal Eagle 2006 exercises, aircraft from the 18th Wing teamed with the U.S. Navy's Strike Fighter Squadron 151 (VFA-151) from Carrier Air Wing Two (CVW-2) to provide combat air patrols and coordinated bombing runs via the exercise's Combined Air Operations Center.


18th Wing, History, Modern era
The 18th Wing has earned many honors over the years, including 17 Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards.


18th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 18th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


18th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Service
The 18th Wisconsin was organized at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal service March 15, 1862.


18th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out on July 18, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky.


18th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The 18th Wisconsin  suffered 4 officers and 52 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 2 officers and 167 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 225 fatalities.


18th Wisconsin Legislature
The Eighteenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 11, 1865, to April 10, 1865, in regular session.


18th Wisconsin Legislature
Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 8, 1864. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 3, 1863.


18th Wisconsin Legislature, Members, Members of the Senate
Members of the Wisconsin Senate for the Eighteenth Wisconsin Legislature:


18th World Science Fiction Convention
The 18th World Science Fiction Convention, also known as Pittcon, was held September 3–5, 1960, at the Penn-Sheraton Hotel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.


18th World Science Fiction Convention
The chairman was Dirce Archer. The guest of honor was James Blish. The toastmaster was Isaac Asimov. Total attendance was 568.


18th World Science Fiction Convention, Awards
The Hugo Awards, named after Hugo Gernsback, are presented every year for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The results are based on the ballots submitted by members of the World Science Fiction Society. Other awards, including the Astounding Award for Best New Writer (since 1973; named "John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer" until 2019), are also presented at each year's Worldcon.


18th World Scout Jamboree
The 18th World Scout Jamboree (Dutch: 18e Wereldjamboree) was held August 1 to 11, 1995 and was hosted by the Netherlands on a polder near Biddinghuizen, Dronten community, Flevoland. 28,960 Scouts and staff members from 166 countries and territories participated in the event, the largest representation of countries to date, including 34 countries where Scouting was being born or reborn.


18th World Scout Jamboree, Opening and royal attendees
The event was officially opened by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and her husband Prince Claus. The theme was Future is Now and the Jamboree was also visited by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Princess Basma bint Talal of Jordan and Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, who inaugurated the second Global Development Village, a major attraction, with Scouts from all over the world sharing experiences and learning more about other ways of life. Various activities and stalls at the Plaza, in the middle of the Jamboree site, provided lighter entertainment.


18th World Scout Jamboree, Activities
Some of the range of activities were the Jamboree Friendship Award, the interreligious ceremony on violence and peace, a Scout Forum and connection via satellite with Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Secretary-General of the United Nations, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the United Nations, with the participation of Scout associations, non-governmental organizations and specialized agencies of the United Nations, in particular UNHCR and the United Nations Children's Fund.


18th World Scout Jamboree, First steps in forming the Community of Lusophone Scouting
The Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono is based on the Carta do Escutismo Lusófono (Charter of Lusophone Scouting), formulated during the Jamboree on August 6, 1995. The original signatory organizations were the Corpo Nacional de Escutas - Escutismo Católico Português, the União dos Escoteiros do Brasil, the Corpo Nacional de Escutas da Guiné-Bissau and the Associação de Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe.


18th World Scout Jamboree, Subcamps
The adult-only Hub for IST (International Service Team) members and other adults was:


18th Writers Guild of America Awards
The 18th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film writers and television writers of 1965. Winners were announced in 1966.


18th Yokohama Film Festival
The 18th Yokohama Film Festival (第18回ヨコハマ映画祭) was held on 2 February 1997 in Kannai Hall, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.


18th Youth in Film Awards
The 18th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, music and radio for the 1995-1996 season, and took place in 1997 in Hollywood, California.


18th Youth in Film Awards
Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Youth in Film Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theatre and music.


18th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Feature Film, Best Performance in a Feature Film: Supporting Young Actress
★ (tie) Vanessa Lee Chester - Harriet the Spy★ (tie) Claire Danes - To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday