1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath
The PNL, meanwhile, became more open toward proposals for electoral reform, which came from the party's left-wing. In November 1892, promises for a gradual change in this area were included in the new PNL program, published at Iași. Overall, however, the PNL's leadership rejected the concept of universal suffrage, and looked into more moderate alternatives. As historian Sorin Radu argues: "the PNL was agitating for electoral reform especially when it was in the opposition, when it could promise a lot of things, but once in power it found reasons not to live up to such promises."


1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath
The opportunity was seized in 1893 by a smaller anti-establishment group, the Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party (PSDMR), which introduced universal suffrage among its core demands. With Morțun among its founders, the PSDMR emerged from the fusion of socialist clubs, adopting a localized variant of the Erfurt Program as its platform. Two years later, Dobrescu-Argeș also set up his very own "Peasants' Party", the first entirely agrarian political group in Romanian history, and significant for opposing both the National Liberals and the Conservatives.


1892 Rossendale by-election
The Rossendale by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale in Lancashire on 23 January 1892. It was one of the most important political contests in the struggle over Irish Home Rule and a pointer to the outcome of the 1892 general election which took place in July.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the succession to the peerage of the sitting Liberal Unionist Party MP, the Marquess of Hartington on the death of his father the Duke of Devonshire. Hartington had been the MP for Rossendale since 1885. He was elected first as a Liberal and had formerly represented a number of other constituencies. He was a former leader of the Liberal Party but split with Gladstone over the issue of Irish Home Rule and was re-elected as a Liberal Unionist in Rossendale in 1886.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Candidates, Liberal Unionists
The health of the Duke of Devonshire must have been giving some cause for concern because in December 1891 the Rossendale Liberal Unionists asked their President  and former chairman, Sir Thomas Brooks, to stand ready to be their Parliamentary candidate should the need occur. The Duke did not pass away until 23 December. Brooks was a retired colliery and quarry owner, with his sons now looking after the family businesses. He was a member of the Church of England.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Candidates, Liberals
The Gladstonian Liberals selected John Henry Maden as their representative. Maden was only 28 years old and was a cotton spinner and manufacturer, employing local people in Bacup. He was a Wesleyan by religion.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Issues
Brooks stated early that Home Rule was the political issue which he proposed to place at the forefront of his election campaign  and it was generally believed that this was the question on which the outcome of the election would turn. Brooks said he favoured the extension of local government arrangements to Ireland but Maden was an advocate of an Irish Parliament with legislative and statutory powers. and believed that the tide of opinion opposing Home Rule which had swept Hartington back in as a Unionist in 1886 had now swung round in favour of the reform.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Issues
Both candidates appealed to the electors as reformers on the land question and in relation to the licensing laws. Both were in favour of electoral reform on the principle of one-man-one-vote. Maden proposed disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Scotland as well as in Wales being determined to make the most of being a Methodist in a strongly nonconformist constituency.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Issues
Towards the end of the campaign the Irish question was revisited strongly when Gladstone sent a letter of support to Maden in which he made some personal attacks on Hartington for his role in the downfall of his government in 1886. Hartington, now the Duke of Devonshire, was obliged to defend himself publicly despite the convention that peers did not interfere in contests for the Commons. The letter and the reaction it provoked probably arrived too late in the campaign to affect the outcome.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Colours
Both Liberal Unionists and Liberals printed their election addresses in red, the traditional Liberal colour in the area, although Brooks’ committee room posters had to be printed in red and blue to appease the Conservative wing of the Unionist coalition. The Liberals later made play of Brooks’ election colours by issuing a placard of four colours, red, blue, green and yellow – with the words “Rossendale’s puzzle – Which is Tom’s colour?”  Generally the Unionists on the campaign trail sported rosettes of patriotic red, white and blue.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Colours
Both candidates had their portraits taken and distributed them to the electors and a considerable quantity of election literature was made available to voters. By the end of January it was reported that “Election literature is daily increasing in volume and letters [of support from prominent people] almost without end are pouring into the constituency”.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Dirty tricks
Both sides were accused of electioneering and ‘dirty tricks’. Maden’s supporters were accused of publishing a voting card alleging that Brooks lived in Leicester whereas Brooks’ supporters countered that people knew he had lived in Rossendale all his life. Brooks’ people were said to have spread a false rumour that Maden paid his weavers at under the going rate, whereas Maden claimed they were paid at a higher rate than the Rossendale Valley average.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Canvassing
Registration agents were brought in from neighbouring constituencies and the work of preparing canvass books was initiated  in anticipation of the later constant canvassing of opinion that took place. The campaign was quite a lengthy one by the standards of the day but this was because the parties wished to allow the funeral of the old Duke of Devonshire to pass before campaigning proper got under way with the moving of the formal election writ and because of the intervention of the Christmas and New Year holidays.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Party mood
Although Hartington had held the seat at the previous election with a good majority much of that could be put down to personal factors. Brooks had however inherited an efficient political and electoral organisation, so the result was in the balance. Maden had strong local connections and had been cultivating the constituency for some time. It was reported that the Liberal mood changed during the course of the campaign from an early feeling that victory was inevitable to one of doubt over the result, whereas the Unionist spirit was on the up as  the campaign progressed .


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Supporters
Both candidates had the support of other local MPs and political figures from the region and outside. David Lloyd George, himself a by-election winner in 1890, was one of the MPs who came to speak for Maden. Maden also secured the defection from the Liberal Unionist camp of the Mayor of Haslingden, Mr T B Hamilton who was also a prominent nonconformist. With Rawtenstall and Crawshawbooth thought to be predominantly Unionist and Bacup solidly Liberal, the electors of Haslingden were proving to be the key constituency. In reply however Brooks secured the support of the former Mayor of Bacup, Alderman George Shepherd, who was always previously identified as a staunch Gladstonian.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, Irish and mining voters
There were estimated to be up 700 voters of Irish origin in the constituency but not all would vote in favour of Home Rule and in support of Maden. In particular, Brooks’ quarry enterprises employed a large number of Irish labourers who were expected to support their employers. Maden had made of point of stating publicly that he did not expect the men who worked for him to vote for him automatically but according to their own consciences. Another key constituency were the local miners who were identified as solidly behind the Liberal cause.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The campaign, By-election weather
The winter weather was not kind to the candidates, with snow falling frequently, and snow and frost causing blocked roads and other problems. This was followed by the descent of thick fog. Despite these difficulties, public meetings were apparently well attended with audiences in the range of 500-1,500 even in out of the way places. When the nomination papers were handed in on 19 January, the Unionists presented 20 papers with about 200 signatures in all. Maden’s supporters handed in 12 nomination papers but he was able to show that his papers had been signed by the Mayors of the three boroughs making up the constituency.


1892 Rossendale by-election, Election day
The weather played its part on election day. A heavy mist hung over the constituency all day, only to give way in the evening to drizzling rain but for both sides there was so much at stake that there was no let up in  electioneering and efforts to get supporters to the polls. This was evidently successful as it was estimated that around a 96% turnout had been achieved.


1892 Rossendale by-election, The result
Unfortunately for the Liberals, Maden was unwell in the last few days of the campaign and while he was briefly able to appear in public on the morning of polling day, he could not make it to the count at the Mechanics' Institute at Bacup where at about midnight on 25 January the Returning Officer, Colonel William Foster, High Sheriff of Lancashire, announced that Maden was the winner by a majority of 1,225 votes.


1892 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1892 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1892 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 3–5–1 record and were outscored by their opponents, 160 to 108. The team had no coach, and its captain was John C. Loud.


1892 SAFA season
The 1892 South Australian Football Association season was the 16th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1892 Sack of Salaga
The 1892 Sack of Salaga was a Gonja civil war for the control of the town of Salaga that occurred on December 5, 1892. A rebellion led by Kabachewura Isifa and assisted by his Dagomba and Nanumba allies overthrew Kpembewura Napo who died in exile in the same year.


1892 Sack of Salaga
Yaa Naa Andani, overload of Dagbon at that time was against the disruption in the region, and sent a strongly worded letter to the incumbent Kpembewura Isanwurfo in 1894 to quell the internecine struggles to avoid further hurting trade in the slave market. The war led to a mass exodus of mostly Zongo people out of the region, significantly depleting its population and giving birth to a wave of Islamic proselytizing in the forest areas of modern Ghana.


1892 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1892 San Jose State Spartans football team represented State Teachers College at San Jose during the 1892 college football season. In their first year fielding an American football team, the Spartans lost in their sole contest against the local YMCA team of San Jose. The game technically occurred during 1893, but it represented the 1892 academic year and so that is the season it is counted.


1892 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1892 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South in the 1892 college football season. In their second season as a full-time squad, the Tigers posted a 5–1–1 record.


1892 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup
1892 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup was the inaugurate season of the Amateur Challenge Cup, the predecessor of the Singapore Cup.


1892 Singapore Amateur Football Association Challenge Cup
The Final was played on 27 June 1892 between Singapore Engineers and Royal Artillery, the match ending with a 2–2 draw. In the replay, held on 8 July 1892, the Engineers trounced its opponent 6–2.


1892 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1892 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1892 college football season. This was the first season in program history.


1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Ben Tillman was renominated by the Democrats and was elected in the general election to a second two-year term.


1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Peace and Harmony convention
On March 24 in Columbia, a gathering of conservative Democrats, called the Peace and Harmony convention, plotted strategy for the upcoming gubernatorial election. The conservatives had learnt from their defeat to Tillman in the gubernatorial election of 1890 and realized that it was necessary to give their nominee momentum prior to the canvassing of delegates for the Democratic nominating convention. They also vowed to accept the gubernatorial nominee chosen at the Democratic convention and refrain from running a straightout ticket even if Tillman was to be renominated. James L. Orr was given the nomination for governor, but refused and instead former Governor John Sheppard was nominated by the conservatives. Sheppard, although dignified and respected, possessed none of the demagogic skills of Tillman and therefore would be unable to compete for the votes of the class conscious farmers.


1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Primary to select delegates
The conservatives requested a primary to select the nomination of the statewide Democratic ticket instead of the convention system currently being used, but the Tillmanites refused because they were fully in control of the party machinery. Furthermore, the Tillmanites introduced a new rule that blacks could only participate in the selection of delegates if they had ten white men vouch that they voted for Hampton in the gubernatorial election of 1876.


1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Primary to select delegates
The candidates for governor stumped the state, but there was hardly a peaceful debate. Often, the supporters of both candidates would end up with pistols drawn and threatening violence. Tillman was the chief contributor to this violence and actively supported it among his partisans. He was asked by a close friend why he raised so much hell and Tillman answered "if I didn't, the damn fools wouldn't vote for me."


1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic campaign, Primary to select delegates
Sheppard put up a good fight against Tillman, yet fell short by 22,092 votes in the primary on August 29 to select delegates to the state nominating convention. Additionally, the defeat for the conservatives was further magnified by a greater number of Tillmanites being elected from the primary to the General Assembly. Tillman would thus enter his second administration with a renewed popular mandate and a more favorable legislature.


1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election
The general election was held on November 8, 1892 and Ben Tillman was reelected as governor of South Carolina without opposition. Tillman had forced the state Democratic party to adopt the entire Ocala Platform in order to avoid a challenge from the Populist Party. Turnout decreased for this election over the previous election because it was an uncontested election.


1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Incumbent Republican Governor Arthur C. Mellette declined to seek re-election to a third term. Former territorial legislator Charles H. Sheldon was nominated by the Republican Party as Mellette's replacement, and he faced former legislator Abraham Lincoln Van Osdel, a leader in the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance and the nominee of the Independent Party, along with Democratic nominee Peter Couchman, in the general election. The result was largely a replay of the 1890 election, with Sheldon winning by a large margin, but only a plurality, and Van Osdel taking second place over Couchman.


1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Independent Party convention
Following the split vote in the 1890 election, some members of the Independent Party pushed for a fusion with the Democratic Party. However, in the lead-up to the June 1892 convention, Independent leaders and convention delegates made clear that they were strongly opposed to fusion and would nominate their own candidates. Their 1890 gubernatorial nominee, Henry L. Loucks, was initially seen as the frontrunner for the nomination, but former territorial delegate Abraham Lincoln Van Osdel, who was the Party's 1890 lieutenant-gubernatorial nominee, emerged as the nominee.


1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Republican convention
At the Republican convention in July 1892, Governor Mellette declined to be a candidate for another term. To replace him, a crowded field developed:


1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Republican convention
However, before a formal ballot could be taken, the delegates agreed on nominating Charles H. Sheldon for Governor, and he received the nomination by acclamation.


1892 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Democratic convention
Just as the Independent Party rejected the idea of fusion, so too did the Democratic Party. At their September 1890 convention, the delegates overwhelmingly voted, 376–36, against forming a coalition and to instead nominate their own candidates for state offices. The convention nominated Peter Couchman, a former member of the New York State Assembly who moved to South Dakota in 1872 and ran as the 1890 Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor, by acclamation.


1892 South Derbyshire by-election
The 1892 South Derbyshire by-election was held on 4 March 1892 after the death of the incumbent Liberal MP Harrington Evans Broad. The election was won by the Liberal candidate, Harrington Evans Broad.


1892 Southern Minnesota tornado
The 1892 Southern Minnesota tornado was a large and deadly tornado that struck several communities across southern Minnesota on Wednesday, June 15, 1892. It had a width of 500 yards (457 m) wide and was on the ground for 40 miles (64 km). The twister was estimated to have been an F5 on the Fujita scale. It killed 12 people in and injured 76 others.


1892 Southern Minnesota tornado, Tornado path
The twister touched down after 3:00 pm in Jackson County in southwestern Minnesota, and after moving east destroyed a schoolhouse near Sherburn in Martin County. The teacher and 16 students were injured, but nobody was killed. As the tornado moved into Faribault County, it swept away several farmsteads near Easton, throwing timbers from homes up to 3 miles (5 km) away and spearing them into the ground. The tornado then crossed Freeborn County before finally lifting back into the clouds in Steele County.


1892 St. Louis Browns season
The 1892 St. Louis Browns season was the team's 11th season in St. Louis, Missouri, and their first as members of the National League. In a split season schedule, the Browns finished ninth in the first half of the season and 11th in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 56–94, 11th-best in the 12-team National League, better only than the Baltimore Orioles.


1892 St. Louis Browns season
The Browns joined the National League when the American Association folded after the 1891 season and have remained a member ever since; the team has been known as the St. Louis Cardinals since 1900. This was the Browns final season before moving from the original Sportsman's Park to New Sportsman's Park, where they would remain until 1920 when they would return to the original Sportsman's Park.


1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 Stanford football team
The 1892 Stanford football team represented Stanford University in the 1892 college football season and was coached by Walter Camp.


1892 Stanford football team, Season summary
Stanford University opened in October 1891. The 1891 football team was hastily organized and played a four-game season beginning in January 1892 with no official head coach. Following the season, Stanford captain John Whittemore wrote to legendary Yale coach Walter Camp asking him to recommend a coach for Stanford. To Whittemore's surprise, Camp agreed to coach the team himself, on the condition that he finish the season at Yale first.


1892 Stanford football team, Season summary
As a result of Camp's late arrival, Stanford played just three official games, against San Francisco's Olympic Club and rival California. The team also played exhibition games against two Los Angeles area teams that Stanford does not include in official results.


1892 Stanford football team, Season summary
Camp returned to the East Coast following the season, then returned to coach Stanford in 1894 and 1895.


1892 Swarthmore Quakers football team
The 1892 Swarthmore Quakers football team was an American football team that represented Swarthmore College as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 7–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 166 to 91. Jacob K. Shell was the head coach.


1892 Swarthmore Quakers football team
Fullback George H. Brooke was the team captain. Other key players included quarterback Charles G. Hodge, halfbacks Kent W. Hughes and Samuel C. Palmer, and ends A. K. White and Edwin P. Bond.


1892 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1892 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1892 college football season. The head coach was Jordan C. Wells, coaching his first season with the Orangemen.


1892 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1892 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1892 season. The Volunteers embarked on their second season as a full-time squad. This season saw the Vols win their first game versus Maryville College, in Maryville, Tennessee. As in 1891, this was a student coached squad, made up of ragtag players. This was the first meeting of UT and Vanderbilt in their in-state rivalry game.


1892 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1892 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee Peter Turney defeated Republican nominee George W. Winstead with 47.86% of the vote.


1892 The Bogan colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Bogan on 31 May 1892 because of the death of George Cass (Protectionist).


1892 Thirsk rail crash
The 1892 Thirsk rail crash happened at Manor House signal box on 2 November 1892, on the North Eastern Railway about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Thirsk railway station in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
James Holmes was the signalman at Manor House signal box. The day before the crash, his infant daughter, Rose, was taken ill and later died. Holmes had been awake for over 36 hours and was extremely distressed, having ministered to the child, walked miles to try and find the local doctor (who was away from home attending to another patient) and comforted his distraught wife.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
He reported to the stationmaster at Otterington, Thomas Kirby, that he would be unable to work the shift on the next night, but Kirby merely asked his superiors for a relief signalman, without stating that the reason was that Holmes had reported himself unfit to work. The Assistant District Signals Inspector at York, already harassed by other emergencies, replied that there was no relief signalman available, and his superior later concurred.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
Forced to complete his shift, Holmes called at the Otterington signal box before walking to Manor House, asking the signalman there, Henry Eden, to notify him when the passenger train from York arrived at 8:58 pm, as he was expecting his mother to arrive by that service to tend to his wife; Holmes had expected his mother to arrive on either the 6:00 pm or 7:37 pm trains, and had walked to the station on both occasions hoping to meet her. He also told the Otterington signalman that he was already exhausted.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
It was night with a thick mist which later thickened to fog. About three hours into Holmes' shift, two express passenger trains were due from the north. These constituted the up night Scotch Express, which was divided into two separate trains. The first had left Edinburgh on time at 10:30 pm, but the second had been delayed by the late arrival of connecting trains and did not leave until 11:02 pm. After the first portion of the express had passed Northallerton North the signalman there allowed a goods train from Middlesbrough to Starbeck up the main line after it.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
Holmes let the goods train into his section but then was "overmastered by sleep". The goods train came to a halt just outside his signal box. Thirteen minutes later, Holmes awoke, rather confused. The Otterington signalman warned him to be ready for the second part of the express, and Holmes saw that his instruments still indicated that there was a train on the line. He had forgotten about the goods train, and thought he had fallen asleep before clearing the instruments after the first express. He cleared the instruments and accepted the second express. He then had second thoughts and telegraphed the Otterington signal box (using the "speaking instrument", an old term for the single needle telegraph, not to be confused with a telephone), but too late for the Otterington signalman to halt the express.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
The express crashed at sixty miles per hour into the goods train, which had only just started to move off at walking pace. Nine passengers and the guard of the goods train were killed. 39 other passengers and 4 train crew injured. Nearly an hour later, hot coals from the firebox of the engine of the express train set the wreckage on fire. The express train's Pintsch oil gas lighting system acted as an accelerant and added to the fire. Two of the bodies were incinerated and were not recovered.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Events
Men employed to clear the crash site and repair the permanent way reported finding calcined bones and lumps of flesh. Some of the human remains had coins fused to them from the intense heat of the fire. The bodies that could be recovered were moved to Thirsk station and an inquest was opened immediately so that the bodies could be released to the families.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Aftermath
Holmes was charged with manslaughter and found guilty, but was given an absolute discharge – a decision strongly supported by both the jury and by public opinion.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Aftermath
The railway company was criticised for its cavalier treatment of Holmes, and there had been contributory negligence; by the Otterington signalman who knew of Holmes' condition and took no action when there was silence from his signal box for nearly a quarter of an hour, and by the crew of the goods train who remained halted outside Holmes' signal box for several minutes without sending a crewman to the signal box in accordance with Rule 55 to ensure that their train was properly protected by the signals and block instruments.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Prevention
The accident would have been prevented if the line had been fitted with track circuits which would have prevented the block instruments and the signals from being cleared. However, at the time track circuits were relatively new. Although Manor House was a heavily used part of what was to become known as the East Coast Main Line, the need for such aids to safety there would have been regarded as low; there were no junctions, sidings or crossovers to confuse movement, and the block was one of the shortest and straightest in the country.


1892 Thirsk rail crash, Prevention
Board of Trade Inspecting Officer Francis Marindin also noted that the many casualties were as a result of the lighter carriages being marshalled between the engine and the heavier Pullman coach behind them. When the crash occurred, the Pullman carriage tore into the lighter carriages at the front of the train.


1892 Trinity Blue and White football team
The 1892 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team compiled a 1–3 record. The team had no coach; W. W. Flowers was the team captain.


1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
List of champions of the 1892 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from 23 August to 30 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's tournament was held from 21 June to 25 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. This tournament saw the introduction of the U.S. National Mixed Doubles Championship which was played, like the women's singles and women's doubles competition, at the Philadelphia Cricket Club. It was the 12th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.


1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Singles
Mabel Cahill defeated  Elisabeth Moore  5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2


1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Oliver Campbell /  Bob Huntington defeated  Valentine Hall /  Edward Hall 6–4, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3


1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Mabel Cahill /  Adeline McKinlay defeated  Helen Day Harris /  Amy Williams 6–1, 6–3


1892 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Mabel Cahill /  Clarence Hobart defeated  Elisabeth Moore /  Rodmond V. Beach 6–3, 6–4


1892 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Oliver Campbell secured his third title in beating challenger Fred Hovey 7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1892 U.S. National Championships.


1892 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Mabel Cahill won the singles tennis title by defeating challenger Elisabeth Moore, a 17-year old player from the Hohokus Valley Tennis Club, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 in the Challenge Round of the 1892 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Moore had won the right to challenge Cahill by defeating Helen Day Harris 5–7, 6–1, 6–1 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 21 through June 25, 1892.


1892 United Kingdom general election
The 1892 United Kingdom general election was held from 4 to 26 July 1892. It saw the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury again win the greatest number of seats, but no longer a majority as William Ewart Gladstone's Liberals won 80 more seats than in the 1886 general election. The Liberal Unionists who had previously supported the Conservative government saw their vote and seat numbers go down.


1892 United Kingdom general election
Despite being split between Parnellite and anti-Parnellite factions, the Irish Nationalist vote held up well. As the Liberals did not have a majority on their own, Salisbury refused to resign on hearing the election results and waited to be defeated in a vote of no confidence on 11 August. Gladstone formed a minority government dependent on Irish Nationalist support.


1892 United Kingdom general election
The Liberals had engaged in failed attempts at reunification between 1886 and 1887. Gladstone however was able to retain control of much of the Liberal party machinery, particularly the National Liberal Federation. Gladstone used the annual NLF meetings as a platform to consolidate various Liberal causes, particularly the Newcastle meeting of 1891, which gave its name to the radical Newcastle Programme.


1892 United Kingdom general election
This programme placed Irish Home Rule first, followed by Welsh and Scottish disestablishment, reduction in factory work hours, free education, electoral reform, land reform, reform or abolition of the House of Lords, and the removal of duties on basic foods. This programme would later be disowned by the party leadership following the Liberal defeat in the 1895 election (Haigh 1990, p. 259).


1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The 1892 general election in Ireland took place from 4–26 July 1892. This was the first general election in Ireland following the split in the Irish Parliamentary Party caused by Charles Stewart Parnell's relationship with Katharine O'Shea, who had been married at the beginning of their relationship. The ensuing scandal saw the Party split into rival wings; the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation, and the pro-Parnellite Irish National League. Parnell later died in October 1891 of a heart attack.


1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
In spite of the split within the Irish Nationalist parties their vote held up remarkably well, and together they received 297,258 of the 385,115 votes cast in Ireland, and 81 of Irelands 101 seats.


1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
Irish and Liberal Unionists made small gains in Ulster and around Dublin, resulting in them winning a further 4 seats. It was the first election to be contested by the newly formed Irish Unionist Alliance under Edward James Saunderson.


1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The Irish Nationalist parties went on to support William Ewart Gladstone's attempt to form a minority Liberal government. As Prime Minister, Gladstone once again attempted to push for Irish Home Rule.


1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
Not included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were retained by the Irish Unionist party.


1892 United Kingdom local elections
The 1892 United Kingdom local elections took place throughout 1892. The elections were the second following the Local Government Act 1888 and Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, which had established county councils and county borough councils in England, Wales, and Scotland. The election saw elections of members to these various new county councils.


1892 United Kingdom local elections
The March elections saw Liberal Progressives strengthening their control of London County Council. The result had the effect of strengthening the opposition of some Conservatives to female suffrage, as a correlation between widening female suffrage and the Conservative defeat was read into the election.


1892 United Kingdom local elections
Municipal elections were held in England and Wales in November, although like their County Council elections remained generally apolitical.


1892 United Kingdom local elections
The elections also witnessed the further growth of the Labour movement in local government, with there being an estimated 200 Labour councillors by 1892, as opposed to 12 Labour councillors in 1882.


1892 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The Wyoming United States House election for 1892 was held on November 3, 1892. Democratic Henry A. Coffeen defeated Republican incumbent Clarence D. Clark with 51.34% of the vote making Clark the first incumbent Representative from Wyoming to lose reelection.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1892 for members of the 53rd Congress, taking place at the same time as the election of Grover Cleveland as President for the second, non-continuous, time, defeating incumbent Benjamin Harrison.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections
In spite of the presidential results, Harrison's Republican Party gained back some of the seats that had been lost in 1890 to the Democratic Party, but was still deep in the minority. The Republican pickups were a result of a number of Republican-friendly Northern districts reverting to form after voting Democratic in the previous election cycle. The third party Populists, who had high support among farmers and laborers in the South and West, also gained three seats.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
This was the first election after reapportionment following the 1890 Census. Twenty-four new seats were added, with 13 States gaining one seat each, two States gaining 2 seats each, and one state gaining 3 seats, and the remaining 28 states having no change. Several states did not redistrict following the apportionment of extra seats, and elected those new seats at-large.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
The previous election of 1890 saw the election of eight Populists, but no other third party or independent members.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates
In 1892 three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Alabama
One new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Arkansas
One new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, California
One new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained one seat from the Republicans, and the Populists gained a seat in the new district.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Colorado
One new seat was added in reapportionment. Populists had a net gain of two seats, one taken from the Republicans, the other being a seat in the new district.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Louisiana
One new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland
One new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats gained a seat in the new district.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1892 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1892. California gained one seat as a result of the 1890 Census, which was won by the Populist Party. Democrats also picked up an open Republican seat.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held for two seats in the 53rd Congress. These elections were held at the same time as the 1892 presidential election and election for governor.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background
Florida's congressional delegation had been dominated by Democrats since 1884, with the Republicans losing every Congressional election since then. In 1890, a new party, the People's Party, also known as the Populists, had been established, winning nine seats in the House.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results
The Republicans did not run any candidates for Congress in 1892. The new People's Party made its first appearance in Florida's congressional elections this year. Robert Bullock (D) of the 2nd district did not run for renomination.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 1892 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two Democratic incumbents were re-elected, four open seats were won by the Democrats and the open seat in the 7th congressional district was picked up by the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation after the election was six Democrats and one Republican.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Brawley of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1891, defeated J. William Stokes in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, was defeated in the Democratic primary by W. Jasper Talbert. He was unopposed in the general election.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George Johnstone of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1891, was defeated in the Democratic primary by Asbury Latimer. He defeated John R. Tolbert in the general election.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Shell of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1891, defeated Joseph T. Johnson in the Democratic primary and Republican Joshua A.T. Ensor in the general election.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, was defeated in the Democratic primary by Thomas J. Strait. He defeated Republican challenger E. Brooks Sligh in the general election.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district special election
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Eli T. Stackhouse of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1891, died on June 14, 1892 during the Democratic primary campaign. A special election for the remainder of the term was called to be held simultaneously with the regular election. The South Carolina Democratic Party decided that the winner of the primary election would be their candidate for both the special and regular elections. John L. McLaurin won the primary and defeated Republican challenger E.J. Sawyer in the general election.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
John L. McLaurin, winner of the Democratic primary for both the special and regular election of the 6th congressional district, defeated Republican challenger E.J. Sawyer in the general election to win the term for the 53rd Congress.


1892 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman William Elliott of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1891, declined to seek re-election. Republican George W. Murray defeated Democratic challenger E.W. Moise in the general election.


1892 United States elections
The 1892 United States elections was held on November 8, electing member to the 53rd United States Congress, taking place during the Third Party System. Democrats retained the House and won control of the Presidency and the Senate. Following the election, Democrats controlled the Presidency and a majority in both chambers of Congress for the first time since the 1858 elections.


1892 United States elections
In the Presidential election, Republican President Benjamin Harrison was defeated by former Democratic President Grover Cleveland. Cleveland won the popular vote by a margin of three percent, but won by a large margin in the electoral college. Populist James B. Weaver also carried five Western states and won a little over eight percent of the vote. At the 1892 Republican National Convention, Harrison fended off a challenge from supporters of former Secretary of State James G. Blaine and Governor William McKinley of Ohio.


1892 United States elections
At the 1892 Democratic National Convention, Cleveland defeated Senator David B. Hill from New York and Governor Horace Boies of Iowa on the first ballot. Harrison had previously defeated Cleveland in 1888, and Cleveland's win made him the first President to serve non-consecutive terms. Cleveland's win in the popular vote also made him the second person, after Andrew Jackson, to win the popular vote in three presidential elections.


1892 United States elections
Reapportionment following the 1890 census added twenty four seats to the House. Republicans picked up several seats in the House, but Democrats continued to command a large majority in the chamber.


1892 United States elections
In the Senate, Democrats made moderate gains to win a majority (including the Democratic Vice President) in the chamber for the first time since the 1880 elections.


1892 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1892, in 32 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 8, 1892 (except in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Rhode Island and Vermont, which held early elections).


1892 United States gubernatorial elections
In Florida, the gubernatorial election was held in October for the first time, having previously been held on the same day as federal elections.


1892 United States presidential election
The 1892 United States presidential election was the 27th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1892. In a rematch of the closely contested 1888 presidential election, former Democratic President Grover Cleveland defeated incumbent Republican President Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland's victory made him the first and to date only person in American history to be elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term. It was also the first time incumbents were defeated in consecutive elections—the second being Jimmy Carter's defeat of Gerald Ford in 1976, followed by Carter's subsequent loss to Ronald Reagan in 1980. Additionally, Harrison's loss marked the second time an elected president lost the popular vote twice, the first being John Quincy Adams in the 1820s. This feat was not repeated until Donald Trump lost the popular vote in 2016 and 2020.


1892 United States presidential election
Though some Republicans opposed Harrison's re-nomination, Harrison defeated James G. Blaine and William McKinley on the first presidential ballot of the 1892 Republican National Convention. Cleveland defeated challenges by David B. Hill and Horace Boies on the first presidential ballot of the 1892 Democratic National Convention, becoming both the first presidential candidate and Democrat to win his party's presidential nomination in three elections. The new Populist Party, formed by groups from The Grange, the Farmers' Alliances, and the Knights of Labor, fielded a ticket led by former Congressman James B. Weaver of Iowa.


1892 United States presidential election
The campaign centered mainly on economic issues, especially the protectionist 1890 McKinley Tariff. Cleveland ran on a platform of lowering the tariff and opposed the Republicans' 1890 voting rights proposal. Cleveland was also a proponent of the gold standard, while the Republicans and Populists both supported bimetalism.


1892 United States presidential election
Cleveland swept the Solid South and won several important swing states, taking a majority of the electoral vote and a plurality of the popular vote. As of 2020, he is the third of six presidential nominees to win a significant number of electoral votes in at least three elections, the others being Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, William Jennings Bryan, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Richard Nixon. Of these, Jackson, Cleveland, and Roosevelt also won the popular vote in at least three elections. Weaver won 8.5% of the popular vote and carried several Western states, while John Bidwell of the Prohibition Party won 2.2% of the popular vote. The Democrats did not win another presidential election until 1912.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination
By the beginning of 1892, many Americans were ready to return to Cleveland's political policies. Although he was the clear frontrunner for the Democratic presidential nomination, he was far from the universal choice of the party's supporters; many, such as the journalists Henry Watterson and Charles Anderson Dana, thought that if he were to attain the nomination, their party would lose in November, but few could challenge him effectively. Though he had remained relatively quiet on the issue of silver versus gold, often deferring to bimetalism, Senate Democrats in January 1891 voted for free coinage of silver.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination
Furious, he sent a letter to Ellery Anderson, who headed the New York Reform Club, to condemn the party's apparent drift towards inflation and agrarian control, the "dangerous and reckless experiment of free, unlimited coinage of silver at our mints." Advisors warned that such statements might alienate potential supporters in the South and West and risk his chances for the nomination, but Cleveland felt that being right on the issue was more important than the nomination. After making his position clear, he worked to focus his campaign on tariff reform, hoping that the silver issue would dissipate.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination
A challenger emerged in the form of David B. Hill, former governor of and incumbent senator from New York. In favor of bimetalism and tariff reform, Hill hoped to make inroads with Cleveland's supporters while appealing to those in the South and Midwest who were not keen on nominating Cleveland for a third consecutive time. Hill had begun to run for the position of president unofficially as early as 1890, and even offered former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson his support for the vice-presidential nomination.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination
But he was not able to escape his past association with Tammany Hall, and lack of confidence in his ability to defeat Cleveland for the nomination kept Hill from attaining the support he needed. By the time of the convention, Cleveland could count on the support of majority of the state Democratic parties, though his native New York remained pledged to Hill.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party nomination
In a narrow first-ballot victory, Cleveland received 617.33 votes, barely 10 more than needed, to 114 for Hill, 103 for Governor Horace Boies of Iowa, a populist and former Republican, and the rest scattered. Although the Cleveland forces preferred Isaac P. Gray from Indiana for vice president, Cleveland directed his own support to the convention favorite, Adlai E. Stevenson I from Illinois. As a supporter of using paper greenbacks and free silver to inflate the currency and alleviate economic distress in rural districts, Stevenson balanced the ticket headed by Cleveland, who supported hard-money and the gold standard. At the same time, it was hoped that his nomination represented a promise not to ignore regulars, and so potentially get Hill and Tammany Hall to support the Democratic ticket to their fullest in the coming election.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
Benjamin Harrison's administration was widely viewed as unsuccessful, and as a result, Thomas C. Platt (a political boss in New York) and other disaffected party leaders mounted a dump-Harrison movement coalescing around veteran candidate James G. Blaine from Maine, a favorite of Republican party regulars. Blaine had been the Republican nominee in 1884 when he was beaten by Democrat Grover Cleveland.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
Privately, Harrison did not want to be renominated for the presidency, but he remained opposed to the nomination going to Blaine, who he was convinced intended to run, and thought himself the only candidate capable of preventing that. Blaine, however, did not want another fight for the nomination and a rematch against Cleveland at the general election. His health had begun to fail, and three of his children had recently died (Walker and Alice in 1890, and Emmons in 1892).


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
Blaine refused to run actively, but the cryptic nature of his responses to a draft effort fueled speculation that he was not averse to such a movement. For his part, Harrison curtly demanded that he either renounce his supporters or resign his position as Secretary of State, with Blaine choosing the latter a scant three days before the National Convention. A boom began to build around the "draft Blaine" effort with supporters hoping to cause a break towards their candidate.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
Senator John Sherman from Ohio, who had been the leading candidate for the nomination at the 1888 Republican Convention before Harrison won it, was also brought up as a possible challenger. Like Blaine, however, he was averse to another bitter battle for the nomination and "like the rebels down South, want to be let alone." This inevitably turned attention to Ohio Governor William McKinley, who was indecisive as to his intentions in spite of his ill feelings toward Harrison and popularity among the Republican base. Not averse to receiving the nomination, he did not expect to win it either.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
However, should Blaine and Harrison fail to attain the nomination after a number of ballots, he felt he could be brought forth as a harmony candidate. Despite the urging of Republican power broker Mark Hanna, McKinley did not put himself forward as a potential candidate, afraid of offending Harrison and Blaine's supporters, while also feeling that the coming election would not favor the Republicans.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
In any case, the president's forces had the nomination locked up by the time delegates met in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on June 7–10, 1892. Richard Thomas from Indiana delivered Harrison's nominating speech. Harrison was nominated on the first ballot with 535.17 votes to 182.83 for Blaine, 182 for McKinley, and the rest scattered. McKinley protested when the Ohio delegation threw its entire vote in his name, despite not being formally nominated, but Joseph B. Foraker, who headed the delegation, managed to silence him on a point of order.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party nomination
With the ballots counted, many observers were surprised at the strength of the McKinley vote, which almost overtook Blaine. Whitelaw Reid from New York, editor of the New York Tribune and recent United States Ambassador to France, was nominated for vice president. The incumbent vice president, Levi P. Morton, was supported by many at the convention, including Reid himself, but did not wish to serve another term. Harrison also did not want Morton on the ticket.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery
In 1891, the American farmers' alliances met with delegates from labor and reform groups in Cincinnati, Ohio, to discuss the formation of a new political party. They formed the People's Party, commonly known as the "Populists", a year later in St. Louis, Missouri.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery
Leonidas L. Polk was the initial frontrunner to the presidential nomination. He had been instrumental in the party's formation and held great appeal with its agrarian base, but he unexpectedly died while in Washington, D.C., on June 11. Another candidate mentioned frequently for the nomination was Walter Q. Gresham, an appellate judge who had made a number of rulings against the railroads that made him a favorite of some farmer and labor groups, and it was felt that his rather dignified image would make the Populists appear as more than a minor contender.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery
Both Democrats and Republicans feared his nomination for this reason, and while Gresham toyed with the idea, he ultimately was not ready to make a complete break with the two parties, declining petitions for his nomination right up to and during the Populist Convention. Later he would endorse Grover Cleveland for the presidency.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery
At the first Populist national convention in Omaha, Nebraska, in July 1892, James B. Weaver from Iowa was nominated for president on the first ballot, now lacking any serious opposition. While his nomination brought with him significant campaigning experience from over several decades, he also had a longer tract of history for which Republicans and Democrats could criticize him, and he also alienated many potential supporters in the South, having participated in Sherman's March to the Sea. James G. Field from Virginia was nominated for vice-president to try and rectify this problem while also attaining the regional balance often seen in Republican and Democratic tickets. I


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery
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1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, People's Party nomination, Candidates gallery
The Populist platform called for nationalization of the telegraph, telephone, and railroads, free coinage of silver, a graduated income tax, and creation of postal savings banks.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Candidates gallery
The sixth Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio. There were 972 delegates present from all states except Louisiana and South Carolina.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Candidates gallery
Two major stories about the convention loomed before it assembled. In the first place, some members of the national committee sought to merge the Prohibition and Populist Parties. While there appeared a likelihood that the merger would materialize, it was clear that it was not going to happen by the time that the convention convened. Secondly, the southern states sent a number of black delegates. Cincinnati hotels refused to serve meals to blacks and whites at the same time, and several hotels refused service to the black delegates altogether.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Prohibition Party nomination, Candidates gallery
The convention nominated John Bidwell from California for president on the first ballot. Prior to the convention, the race was thought to be close between Bidwell and William Jennings Demorest, but the New York delegation became irritated with Demorest and voted for Bidwell 73–7. James B. Cranfill from Texas was nominated for vice-president on the first ballot with 417 votes to 351 for Joshua Levering from Maryland and 45 for others.


1892 United States presidential election, Nominations, Socialist Labor Party nomination
The first Socialist Labor Party National Convention assembled in New York City and, despite running on a platform that called for the abolition of the positions of president and vice-president, decided to nominate candidates for those positions: Simon Wing from Massachusetts for president and Charles Matchett from New York for vice-president. They were on the ballot in five states: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
The tariff issue dominated this rather lackluster campaign. Harrison defended the protectionist McKinley Tariff passed during his term. For his part, Cleveland assured voters that he opposed absolute free trade and would continue his campaign for a reduction in the tariff. Cleveland also denounced the Lodge Bill, a voting rights bill that sought to protect the rights of African American voters in the South. William McKinley campaigned extensively for Harrison, setting the stage for his own run four years later.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
The campaign took a somber turn when, in October, First Lady Caroline Harrison died. Despite the ill health that had plagued Mrs. Harrison since her youth and had worsened in the last decade, she often accompanied Mr. Harrison on official travels. On one such trip, to California in the spring of 1891, she caught a cold. It quickly deepened into her chest, and she was eventually diagnosed with tuberculosis. A summer in the Adirondack Mountains failed to restore her to health. An invalid the last six months of her life, she died in the White House on October 25, 1892, just two weeks before the national election. As a result, all of the candidates ceased campaigning.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
The margin in the popular vote for Cleveland was 400,000, the largest since Grant's re-election in 1872. The Democrats won the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time since 1856. President Harrison's re-election bid was a decisive loss in both the popular and electoral count, unlike President Cleveland's re-election bid four years earlier, in which he won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Cleveland was the third of only five presidents to win re-election with a smaller percentage of the popular vote than in previous elections, although in the two prior such incidents — James Madison in 1812 and Andrew Jackson in 1832 — not all states held popular elections. Ironically, Cleveland saw his popular support decrease not only from his electoral win in 1884, but also from his electoral loss in 1888. A similar vote decrease would happen again for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 and 1944 and Barack Obama in 2012.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
At the county level, the Democratic candidate fared much better than the Republican candidate. The Republicans' vote was not nearly as widespread as the Democrats. In 1892, it was still a sectionally based party mainly situated in the East, Midwest, and West and was barely visible south of the Mason–Dixon line. In the South, the party was holding on in only a few counties. In East Tennessee and tidewater Virginia, the vote at the county level showed some strength, but it barely existed in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
In a continuation of its collapse there during the 1890 Congressional elections, the Republican Party even struggled in its Midwestern strongholds, where general electoral troubles from economic woes were acutely exacerbated by the promotion of temperance laws and, in Wisconsin and Illinois, the aggressive support of state politicians for English-only compulsory education laws. Such policies, which particularly in the case of the latter were associated with an upwelling of nativist and anti-Catholic attitudes amongst their supporters, resulted in the defection of large sections of immigrant communities, especially Germans, to the Democratic Party.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Cleveland carried Wisconsin and Illinois with their 36 combined electoral votes, a Democratic victory not seen in those states since 1852 and 1856 respectively, and which would not be repeated until Woodrow Wilson's election in 1912. While not as dramatic a loss as in 1890, it would take until the next election cycle for more moderate Republican leaders to pick up the pieces left by the reformist crusaders and bring alienated immigrants back to the fold.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Of the 2,683 counties making returns, Cleveland won in 1,389 (51.77%), Harrison carried 1,017 (37.91%), while Weaver placed first in 276 (10.29%). One county (0.04%) split evenly between Cleveland and Harrison.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Populist James B. Weaver, calling for free coinage of silver and an inflationary monetary policy, received such strong support in the West that he become the only third-party nominee between 1860 and 1912 to carry a single state. The Democratic Party did not have a presidential ticket on the ballot in the states of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, North Dakota, or Wyoming, and Weaver won the first four of these states. Weaver also performed well in the South as he won counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Populists did best in Alabama, where electoral chicanery probably carried the day for the Democrats.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
The Prohibition ticket received 270,879, or 2.2% nationwide. It was the largest total vote and highest percentage of the vote received by any Prohibition Party national ticket.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Wyoming, having attained statehood two years earlier, became the first state to allow women to vote in a presidential election since 1804. (Women in New Jersey had the right to vote under the state's original constitution, but this right was rescinded in 1807.)


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Wyoming was also one of six states (along with North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, and Idaho) participating in their first presidential election. This was the most new states voting since the first election.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
The election witnessed many states splitting their electoral votes. Electors from the state of Michigan were selected using the congressional district method (the winner in each congressional district wins one electoral vote, the winner of the state wins two electoral votes). This resulted in a split between the Republican and Democratic electors: nine for Harrison and five for Cleveland.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
In Oregon, the direct election of presidential electors combined with the fact that one Weaver elector was endorsed by the Democratic Party and elected as a Fusionist, resulted in a split between the Republican and Populist electors: three for Harrison and one for Weaver. In California, the direct election of presidential electors combined with the close race resulted in a split between the Republican and Democratic electors: eight for Cleveland and one for Harrison.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
In Ohio, the direct election of presidential electors combined with the close race resulted in a split between the Republican and Democratic electors: 22 for Harrison and one for Cleveland. In North Dakota, two electors from the Democratic-Populist Fusion ticket won and one Republican Elector won. This created a split delegation of electors: one for Weaver, one for Harrison, and one for Cleveland.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
This was the first occasion in which incumbent presidents were defeated in two consecutive elections. This would not happen again until 1980. Harrison's loss also marked the only time until Donald Trump's defeat in 2020 that the Republican Party lost the White House after only one term, and lost the popular vote twice in a row.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results
This was the last election in which the Democrats won California until 1916 (although it voted against the Republicans by supporting the Progressive Party in 1912), and the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, West Virginia and Wisconsin until 1912.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results
Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Results by state
Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57.


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Close states
Margin of victory between 1% and 5% (158 electoral votes):


1892 United States presidential election, General election, Close states
Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (101 electoral votes):


1892 United States presidential election in Alabama
The 1892 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Alabama
Alabama was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. However, Weaver performed well in the South as he won counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Populists did best in Alabama, where electoral chicanery probably carried the day for the Democrats.


1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas
The 1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Arkansas voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas
Arkansas was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. This election illustrated the political movement towards the one-party Jim Crow South – which would cover every county in Arkansas except Unionist Ozark Newton and Searcy. Wealthy white landowners were extremely angry that via the Union Labor Party – which the state Republicans had endorsed in the 1888 and 1890 gubernatorial elections – poor blacks and poor whites might be uniting against them. The Democratic Party thus introduced a poll tax that would weigh extremely heavily upon poor Union Labor supporters and also introduced the secret ballot which would make it more difficult for illiterate blacks and poor whites to cast a vote even if they could pay the poll tax.


1892 United States presidential election in Arkansas
Populist Weaver thought he had “magnificent” chances in the impoverished South, and campaigned heavily there. but as it turned out the halving of the electorate meant he could gain very little support. Weaver was not helped by his controversial decision to take a woman – Mary Lease – on his campaigns, as the South thought any political involvement degraded womanhood. Weaver did nonetheless win counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas.


1892 United States presidential election in California
The 1892 United States presidential election in California was held on November 8, 1892 as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in California
Incumbent President Benjamin Harrison’s administration had been plagued by divisions within his party and by controversy over foreign relations, notably with Italy and Chile. In California, Harrison became less popular because it was believed that Senator Leland Stanford was dictating policies in the interest of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Opposition to its power had already spawned several unsuccessful reform movements in California since 1873, and the growing Populist movement also gained substantial support from small farmers in the state’s Central Valley region.


1892 United States presidential election in California
The relative weakness of partisan loyalties in California helped give the movement much more influence than in the East, however the much greater urban character of the state’s economy, the diversity of its agricultural sector and the access of its wheat growers – the basis for Populist victories in the Plains States – to major ocean ports severely weakened the Populist Party under 1880 Greenback nominee James B. Weaver in California. Consequently California would prove Weaver’s weakest state west of the Missouri River, giving him less than ten percent of the vote.


1892 United States presidential election in California
California voted for the Democratic challenger, former president Grover Cleveland, over the Republican incumbent, Benjamin Harrison by an extremely narrow margin of just 147 votes, or a 0.05452% margin, which constitutes the fifth-closest statewide presidential election result on record, behind Florida in 2000, Maryland in 1832 and 1904, and California itself 20 years later in 1912. Because the vote was so close and voters voted for individual electors, the ninth Cleveland elector received fewer votes than one Harrison elector, who was thus elected. This was the second occasion in which California's electoral vote was split, rather than being awarded to a single candidate. The first occasion was in 1880. Such a split would only subsequently occur in California two subsequent times (1896, and 1912).


1892 United States presidential election in Colorado
The 1892 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Colorado voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Background
In its early days as a state, Colorado had like the Plains States to its east been solidly Republican, with that party continuously controlling the legislature and holding the governorship for five of seven terms, despite widespread criticism of the national party for its monetary policy. Because Colorado was the leading silver-producing state in the nation, the policies of the federal government since President Hayes were deeply unpopular with both silver miners and mineowners. Crises emerging in Colorado’s agricultural sector from low wheat prices and a severe drought in 1888 and 1889, combined with the state’s underdevelopment to produce resentment of the Northeast, where the Republican Party’s power base was located.


1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Background
The Populist Party’s platform called for replacing the gold standard with the free coinage of silver at a 16:1 ratio with gold. This meant that outside the Hispanic south-central counties and some parts of the eastern High Plains, support for the Populist movement was extremely strong in the state, even among many conservatives who opposed the Populists’ economic philosophy but were concerned primarily about the silver issue.


1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Background
In order to achieve success, the newly-formed Populist Party would fuse with the minority Democratic Party, although a proposed slate of electors pledged to national Democratic nominees Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson I was not withdrawn with the instruction to support the Populist nominee James B. Weaver until the last week before the poll, after a long struggle within the state Democratic Party.


1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Vote
Polls on election day said Weaver was two-to-one on to carry Colorado, and in the end Weaver and running mate James G. Field carried the state by 15.94 points over the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. Weaver dominated most of the state, especially the high mountains and West Slope.


1892 United States presidential election in Colorado, Vote
Colorado was one of a handful of states, five in total, that did not feature former and future President Grover Cleveland on their ballots.


1892 United States presidential election in Connecticut
The 1892 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Connecticut
Connecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term over incumbent President Republican Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland won the state by a narrow margin of 3.26%.


1892 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1892 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Delaware
Delaware was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.


1892 United States presidential election in Florida
The 1892 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
This election marks the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of Jim Crow-era politics in Florida. This change had been proposed as early as 1884, but the anti-Southern animus of the Harrison regime meant that Florida's large landowners felt the disfranchisement of blacks had become urgent. A poll tax was introduced in 1889 as were the so-called “Myers” and “Dortch” laws which required voters in more populous settlements to register their voting precincts. This dramatically cut voter registration amongst blacks and poorer whites, almost halving the number of votes cast.


1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
Since Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession, its Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes. Thus this disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites by a poll tax introduced in 1889 left Florida as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi or South Carolina.


1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Background
Thus, Florida's few remaining Republicans decided not to put up presidential electors and urged their supported to back Populist James B. Weaver, creating the first case where an incumbent President standing for re-election has not been on all state's ballots. Weaver thought he had “magnificent” chances in the impoverished South, and campaigned heavily there. but as it turned out the halving of the electorate meant he could gain very little support. Weaver was not helped by his controversial decision to take a woman – Mary Lease – on his campaigns, as the South thought any political involvement degraded womanhood. Weaver did nonetheless win counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas.


1892 United States presidential election in Florida, Vote
Florida was won in a landslide by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. Weaver took what remained of the Negro Republican vote, but gained less than 14%; nonetheless this is one of only five times in Florida that a candidate other than a Republican or Democrat got over 10% of the vote.


1892 United States presidential election in Georgia
The 1892 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the wider United States Presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
Following Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen and many poor whites, doing so in the early 1870s. This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns – and in presidential elections to a small number of counties elsewhere where blacks were not fully disenfranchised.


1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
The Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which were restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club. This restriction was done by local county laws, but combined with the highly efficacious cumulative poll tax introduced in 1877 meant that turnout declined steadily throughout the 1880s, unlike any other former Confederate state except South Carolina.


1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
However, politics after the first demobilization was always chaotic. Third-party movements, chiefly the Populist Party, gained support amongst the remaining poor white and black voters in opposition to the planter elite. Whereas the Republican Party had not contested a statewide election seriously since 1876, the Populists made a significant run for governor in 1892 as they launched the most significant third-party campaign since John Bell in the sectionally divided 1860 election. In Georgia, the Populists would be led by Thomas E. Watson, who had won a seat in Congress in 1890.


1892 United States presidential election in Georgia, Background and vote
However, the strong emphasis by Cleveland and running mate Adlai Stevenson I on opposing the Lodge Force Bill and on reducing tariffs was able to reduce defections to the Populists or the GOP, despite strong opposition in the state to Cleveland’s rigid support for the gold standard against free silver. The Populist influence caused voter turnout to rise substantially – some believing that many new voters had their poll taxes paid for – but despite opposition forces gaining more than twice as many votes as in 1888 Cleveland’s margin fell by less than five percent as his opposition was divided. Rather than in the poor white upcountry counties, Weaver actually did best in the northeastern part of the Black Belt where Watson was based and where Populist strength would remain greatest in 1904 and 1908.


1892 United States presidential election in Idaho
The 1892 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
This was the first time Idaho participated in a presidential election, having become the 43rd state on July 3, 1890. During its period as a territory Idaho had been divided between a strongly Republican northern half and an anti-Republican Mormon south, which in this first Presidential election was in places (notably Oneida County) still excluded from voting.


1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
A wave of strikes in the silver-mining regions and even deeper conflict whereby an idled ore concentrator was destroyed in Gem, was to give the Populists a grip on the Mountain West that was not to be relinquished. Almost all the large number of dissenting farmers in the new state were to join with the silver interests to back Weaver's policies of nationalization of railways and communications, restriction of immigration, shorter working days and direct election of Senators.


1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Background
Although Senator-to-be William Borah campaigned for Harrison under the slogan that “a vote for Weaver was a vote for Cleveland and therefore against their own interests” Weaver's campaign against Republican Governor Norman Bushnell Willey’s declaration of martial law upon the miners, and against the absentee ownership of Idaho's land and water, ensured that these campaigns for Harrison would not be decisive.


1892 United States presidential election in Idaho, Vote
Owing to the unpopularity in the West of his gold standard platform, the Democratic Party decided to not enter a Cleveland ticket in the race and to back Weaver. Idaho was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.


1892 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1892 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose 24 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Illinois
Illinois was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. This marked the first time a Democratic candidate won Illinois since 1856 when James Buchanan carried the state.


1892 United States presidential election in Indiana
The 1892 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Indiana voters chose 15 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Indiana
Indiana was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. Harrison was the first Republican since 1856 to lose their home state.


1892 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1892 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Iowa
Iowa was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.


1892 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1892 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Kansas voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Kansas
Kansas was won by the Populist nominees, James B. Weaver of Iowa and his running mate James G. Field of Virginia. Weaver and Field defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. This was the first time that a non-Republican had won Kansas’ electoral votes since statehood, and one of only seven times out of thirty-nine that Kansas has not voted Republican in a Presidential Election.


1892 United States presidential election in Kansas
Kansas was one of a handful of states, five in total, that did not feature former and future President Grover Cleveland on their ballots: Kansas had been his second weakest state in 1888, garnering only 31.03 percent of the vote. Kansas was also Weaver's fourth strongest state percentage-wise and the state which gave him the most popular votes. Lorenzo D. Lewelling, a fellow Populist, was elected Governor of Kansas, almost perfectly matching Weaver's vote total.


1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky
The 1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose thirteen electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
Ever since the Civil War, Kentucky had been shaped politically by divisions created by that war between secessionist, Democratic counties and Unionist, Republican ones, although the state as a whole leaned Democratic throughout this era and the GOP would never carry the state during the Third Party System at either presidential or gubernatorial level.


1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
However, at the beginning of the 1890s, the state was hit by a crisis in its farming sector, which was especially severe in its most secessionist region – the historically slaveholding and dark-tobacco-growing Jackson Purchase which was badly affected by changes in taste amongst the nation’s smokers. That region had been the centre of Greenback revolt over a decade previously, and a continuation of the trends meant that the “Kentucky Alliance” was formed in 1887. During the state’s 1891 Constitutional Convention, the Alliance made a number of demands on taxation and labor reform, and sent to the state legislature thirteen men, mostly from the Purchase and Western Coal Field.


1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
The Populist threat, however, would be dissipated by the work of Democratic Vice-Presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson I, whose campaign in the state emphasised the potential impact of the Lodge Force Bill and high tariffs upon the South, and sought to achieve a degree of reconciliation between sections greater than existed in 1890.


1892 United States presidential election in Kentucky, Background and vote
His extensive tour of the state and warning that a vote for Weaver would be a vote for Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison meant that third-time Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland – whose stance in favor of the gold standard was unpopular in the South – would carry the state by almost the same margin as in 1888.


1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana
The 1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Louisiana was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.


1892 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1892 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Maine
Maine voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won the state by a margin of 12.79%.


1892 United States presidential election in Maine
With 54.05% of the popular vote, Maine would prove to be Harrison's second strongest victory in terms of percentage of the popular vote after Vermont.


1892 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1892 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Maryland
Maryland was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois.


1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8, 1892, as part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, former President Grover Cleveland, who was running for a second, non-consecutive term. Harrison won the state by a narrow margin of 6.65%.


1892 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
With 51.87% of the popular vote, Massachusetts would prove to be Harrison's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after neighboring Vermont and Maine.


1892 United States presidential election in Michigan
The 1892 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Michigan
Uniquely, this remains the only presidential election where Michigan used the congressional district method of distributing electoral votes rather than the traditional winner-take-all system. The switch was made by the newly elected 1890 Democratic legislature, which had gained control of the state for the first time since before the Civil War. The change was an attempt at boosting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland's chances of winning a second, nonconsecutive term, who had run in the previous election and won the popular vote, but lost in the electoral college.


1892 United States presidential election in Michigan
Controversial among Republicans, the party fought all the way to the Supreme Court in efforts to prevent it, though were unsuccessful. The split ultimately had no effect in Cleveland's victory, and the system was quickly repealed when Republicans regained control after the election. This is the only instance of Michigan splitting its electoral votes among multiple candidates. A law later passed in 1954 that prohibits faithless electors prevents a similar occurrence, barring a return to the district method.


1892 United States presidential election in Michigan
Michigan was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York. The pair received nine of the state's electoral votes while the Democratic ticket earned five.


1892 United States presidential election in Michigan
Cleveland became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to get electoral votes from Michigan though it wouldn't would send a full slate of Democratic electors to the Electoral College until Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the state in 1932.


1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota
The 1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Minnesota voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Minnesota was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Benjamin Harrison of Indiana and his running mate Whitelaw Reid of New York.


1892 United States presidential election in Minnesota
With 5.31% of the popular vote, Minnesota proved to be Prohibition Party candidate John Bidwell’s best performance as well as the only state where he broke 5% of the vote.


1892 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1892 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.


1892 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Mississippi was won by the Democratic nominees, former President Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. However, Weaver performed well in the South as he won counties in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Weaver's win in Chickasaw County was the last time a Democrat lost any county in Mississippi in a statewide election until Herbert Hoover won the Pine Belt counties of Pearl River, Stone and George in 1928.


1892 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1892 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Voters chose 17 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.