1876 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
This was the only election between 1860 and 1888 where the Democratic candidate earned more than 40% statwide, as well as the only election in the same period where the Democratic candidate earned more than 40% in at least one Rhode Island county.


1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina
The 1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 7 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina
South Carolina voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a very narrow margin of 0.48%, only 889 votes. Events such as the Hamburg massacre served to dissuade many Republican voters. This would be the last time a Republican presidential candidate would win South Carolina until Barry Goldwater carried the state in 1964. Had Tilden won South Carolina, he would have won the election.


1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee
The 1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee
Tennessee was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D–New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 59.79% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 40.21% of the vote.


1876 United States presidential election in Tennessee
This election was the last when the Unionist Highland Rim counties of Henderson and Wayne voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate.


1876 United States presidential election in Texas
The 1876 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in Texas
Texas overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic nominee, Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York, who received 70% of the vote. With 70% of the popular vote, the Lone Star State proved to be Tilden's second-strongest state only after Georgia.


1876 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1876 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in Vermont
Vermont voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won Vermont by a margin of 36.92%.


1876 United States presidential election in Vermont
With 68.30% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Hayes' strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.


1876 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1876 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in Virginia
Virginia voted for the Democratic candidate, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden over the Republican candidate, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won Virginia by a margin of 19.15%.


1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia
The 1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose five representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia
West Virginia was won by Samuel J. Tilden, the former governor of New York (D–New York), running with Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana and future vice president, with 56.75% of the popular vote, against Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio (R-Ohio), running with Representative William A. Wheeler, with 42.15% of the vote.


1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia
With his win, Tilden became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win West Virginia.


1876 United States presidential election in West Virginia
The Greenback Party chose industrialist Peter Cooper and former representative Samuel Fenton Cary, received 1.11% of the vote.


1876 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
The 1876 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 7, 1876 as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1876 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
Republican Party candidate Rutherford B. Hayes won Wisconsin with 50.57 percent of the popular vote, winning the state's ten electoral votes.


1876 University of Sydney colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of University of Sydney on 5 October 1876 because of creation of the district. The Electoral Act 1858 (NSW) provided that the district would be established once there were 100 people who had graduated from the University of Sydney with a Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Medicine or Master of Arts. In June 1876 the University an additional graduate with a Doctor of Law and 10 with a Master of Arts, bringing the total to 111. Voting was restricted to members of the university senate, professors, public teachers and examiners, the principals of incorporated colleges within the university, masters of arts, doctors of laws or medicine and members of the University who were entitled to vote for the university senate.


1876 University of Sydney colonial by-election
While there was no qualification for candidates, William Windeyer graduated with a Master of Arts in 1859, and Edmund Barton had graduated with a Master of Arts in 1870.


1876 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1876 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 5, 1876. Incumbent Republican Asahel Peck, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Horace Fairbanks defeated Democratic candidate W.H.H. Bingham to succeed him.


1876 Victorian football season
The 1876 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1876. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier metropolitan club was Melbourne, and the premier provincial club was Barwon.


1876 Victorian football season
This was the final season of decentralised administration of football in Victoria; the Victorian Football Association was formed the following year to provide a committee-based approach to the administration of the sport.


1876 Victorian football season, 1876 premierships
Six metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1876 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Carlton Imperial, East Melbourne, Melbourne and St Kilda. As had been the case for a few years, Carlton and Melbourne were considered the dominant clubs in the city, so the premier club was decided based entirely on the head-to-head record between the clubs; in their four meetings, Melbourne won two, Carlton won one, and one was drawn, so Melbourne was recognised as the premier club for the season.


1876 Victorian football season, 1876 premierships
In the provincial competition, Barwon was the premier team, and was the winner of the Geelong, Ballarat and Wimmera District Challenge Cup. Barwon was presented with the cup after defeating Geelong 2–1 on 29 July.


1876 Victorian football season, 1876 premierships, Club senior records
The below table is the results for senior clubs during the 1876 season. The table shows the record across all matches, including senior, junior and intercolonial matches. The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Australasian newspaper. Other than announcing the top three place-getters, there was no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised.


1876 Victorian football season, Albert-park cum North Melbourne
In May, shortly before the start of the season, the North Melbourne Football Club was disbanded, and most senior players and many members of the club joined the Albert-park Football Club, which was itself in a weakened position due to the departure of many players. There was no formal amalgamation between the two clubs, but Albert-park took on a strong North Melbourne character, fielding more former North Melbourne players than Albert-park players, and many fans openly cheered for North Melbourne rather than Albert-park – and some in the media came to describe the club as Albert-park cum North Melbourne. The arrangement lasted only for one year, and the Hotham Football Club was re-established in North Melbourne in 1877.


1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne
The result of the final match for the season, between Carlton and Melbourne held at the Madeline St reserve on 23 September - a de facto premiership playoff match - was disputed between the two clubs, owing to a disagreement over whether the first half goal scored by Melbourne's F. Baker was valid. Baker had taken a mark right on the goal line and quickly kicked the ball between the posts, but Carlton players protested that Baker had illegally pushed Carlton defender Nudd out of the marking contest.


1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne
According to The Australasian reporter Peter Pindar, who reported the details of a conversation he had with field umpire Searcey after the game, Searcey agreed that Nudd had been illegally pushed and was about to annul the goal (which the goal umpire had already awarded) and award a free kick when the Carlton players began to protest; however, he was offended by the language that the Carlton players had used toward him, so he instead left the ground immediately, without having resolved the issue of the goal.


1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne
There was a delay of fifteen minutes before a new umpire, Mr Bride, could be found, and while Carlton unsuccessfully protested the awarding of the goal. Each club scored one additional goal during the rest of the game, resulting in a 2–1 victory for Melbourne. Following the match, the Carlton Football Club maintained its position of disputing Baker's goal, and claimed the match as a 1–1 draw. With no formal means of resolving the dispute, both clubs maintained their positions, to the point that the two clubs reported different results for the match in their annual reports.


1876 Victorian football season, Disputed match between Carlton and Melbourne
But as major newspapers all considered the match to be a Melbourne victory, Melbourne was thus declared the premier club for the season, having beaten Carlton twice (including this match) and lost to Carlton once during the season, with the other match being drawn.


1876 Wanganui by-election
The 1876 Wanganui by-election was a by-election held  on 27 September 1876 in the Wanganui electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate; the other member being John Bryce.


1876 Wanganui by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Julius Vogel, who was going to London as Agent-General. He was replaced by William Fox, despite him being absent from the colony at the time and not expected back for two months.


1876 Wanganui by-election
John Morgan, who came second was a farmer. He was nominated as William Fox had not been communicated with, and might wish to go in the upper house rather than the lower house when he returned.


1876 Wellington City mayoral election
The 1876 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. William Hutchison, the incumbent Mayor sought re-election and retained office unopposed with no other candidates emerging.


1876 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
In his term as Mayor of Wellington, Hutchinson was mostly occupied with the issue of whether the Wellington Waterfront should be controlled by the city council directly or by a separate entity. It would later result in the creation of the Wellington Harbour Board. It was the first of four instances between 1876 and 1898 where the mayoralty was uncontested.


1876 West Aberdeenshire by-election
The West Aberdeenshire by-election of 1876 was fought on 10 May 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, William McCombie. It was won by the Liberal candidate Lord Douglas Gordon.


1876 West Virginia gubernatorial election
The 1876 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 10, 1876, to elect the governor of West Virginia.


1876 West Worcestershire by-election
The West Worcestershire by-election of 1876 was fought on 8 July 1876. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Edward Dowdeswell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Edmund Lechmere.


1876 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1876 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1876 college football season. The team finished with a 3–0 record and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. The Yale team defeated rival Harvard for the first time. Walter Camp also played for the first time. The team's captain was Eugene V. Baker.


1876 Yale Bulldogs football team
The Princeton-Yale matchup is considered to have popularized the tradition of Thanksgiving football. It effectively decided the national championship after Princeton defeated Columbia. Thompson and Camp executed the first "legal" forward pass in football history. Early in the game, Camp ran for a good gain on a play, however when he was finally tackled, he threw the ball forward to O. D. Thompson, who ran for a touchdown. The Princeton players protested the play. Since the rules of football were still unclear in 1876, a coin toss was used by the referee to decide if the play stood. Yale won the toss and the touchdown stood.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1876 (with one state in 1877) for Representatives to the 45th Congress. These elections coincided with the (heavily contested) election of President Rutherford B. Hayes and the United States Centennial.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections
Hayes' Republican Party was able to recover from the Democratic Party many of the seats it had lost two years before as the economy improved slightly. However, the Democrats retained a majority and were able to use the disinterest of the people in Republican Reconstruction-led projects to help keep crucial seats. Republican congressional leadership had a difficult time distancing itself from the corruption of the Grant administration or the legislature's impact on the economy downturn.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
The previous election included 4 Independents, in Illinois and Massachusetts.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1876–77, there were still 8 states with earlier election dates, and 1 state with a later election date.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Alabama
Alabama redistricted and eliminated its at-large seats, going from 6 districts and 2 at-large seats to 8 districts. The state also elected a full delegation of Democrats, voting out the two Republicans.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Colorado
There were two elections to the new state of Colorado.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Connecticut
Connecticut had been electing is members late in the cycle, even after the terms had begun. But starting in 1876, the state joined the others in electing its members on the November 7, 1876 Election Day. The delegation remained 3 Democrats and 1 Republican.


1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections, Wisconsin
Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 7, 1876.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1876 and 1877 had the Democratic Party gain five seats in the United States Senate, and coincided with Rutherford B. Hayes's narrow election as President. Republicans remained in the majority, however.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Change in Senate composition, Before the elections
After the November 15, 1876 elections in the new state of Colorado.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 44th Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1876 or in 1877 before March 4; ordered by election date.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 45th Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1877; ordered by state.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 45th Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1877 after March 4.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania (Special)
The special election in Pennsylvania was held March 20, 1877.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania (Special)
Republican Senator Simon Cameron had been elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1867 and was re-elected in 1873. Sen. Cameron resigned on March 12, 1877.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania (Special)
Following the resignation of Simon Cameron, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 20, 1877, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Former United States Secretary of War J. Donald Cameron, Simon Cameron's son, was elected to complete his father's term, set to expire on March 4, 1879. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (Special)
First-term Democrat Allen T. Caperton died July 26, 1876, in his second year in office. Fellow-Democrat Samuel Price was appointed August 26, 1876 to continue the term, pending a special election in which he was a candidate. Price lost the election to Democratic congressman Frank Hereford January 26, 1877 on the 5th ballot.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (Special)
Hereford resigned from the House January 31, 1877, thereby qualifying for the Senate. He only finished the term and left office in 1881.


1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (Regular)
First-term Democrat Henry G. Davis was re-elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.


1876 college football season
The 1876 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions. On November 11, organized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Pennsylvania as Princeton defeated Penn 6–0 in Philadelphia.


1876 in Argentina, Deaths
This article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1876 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1876 in Australia.


1876 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1876.


1876 in Canada, Historical documents
Bell's Ontario experiments lead to the first long-distance telephone conversation


1876 in Canada, Historical documents
Treaty 6 annexes land of Cree and other nations in exchange for reserves subject to sale or development, plus money and supplies


1876 in Canada, Historical documents
Mark Twain's anger at a Canadian firm publishing The Adventures of Tom Sawyer without permission


1876 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1876 in Chile.


1876 in France
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by BrownHairedGirl (talk | contribs) at 17:16, 19 June 2020 (use Template:Year in France header, which needs no parameters and applies categories, replaced: {{Year in France|1876}} → {{Year in France header}}). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1876 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1876 in New Zealand.


1876 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law
The 1875 general election, which started on 29 December, concludes on 4 January. The 6th New Zealand Parliament commences.


1876 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law
Premier Atkinson abolishes the New Zealand provincial system on 1 November.


1876 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls
The first interclub competition in the country is held between the Dunedin and Fernhill clubs.


1876 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1876 in South Africa.


1876 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives
Six new locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways (CGR):


1876 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1876 to Wales and its people.


1876 in architecture
The year 1876 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1876 in association football
The following are events in 1876 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.


1876 in baseball
After a tumultuous five-year existence, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA) folded following the 1875 season. The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (NL) was formed in Chicago, Illinois, by businessman and owner of the Chicago Base Ball Club (now known as the Chicago Cubs), William Hulbert, for the purpose of replacing the NA, which he believed to have been corrupt, mismanaged, full of rowdy, drunken ballplayers, and under the influence of the gambling community.


1876 in baseball
One of the new rules put into place by the new league was that all teams had to be located in cities that had a population of 75,000 or more. The initial NL season began with eight teams, and they were asked to play seventy games between April 22 and October 21. The NL is considered to be the first "major league", although it has been argued that the NA can make that claim.


1876 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1876 include the tooth-billed bowerbird, Heuglin's gull, Chinese white-browed rosefinch, Sclater's crowned pigeon, Pohnpei flycatcher, mountain myzomela, streak-headed honeyeater and Maxwell's black weaver.


1876 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1876.


1876 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1876.


1876 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1876 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public
This year Poetaster Julia A. Moore's first book of verse, The Sentimental Song Book, was published in Grand Rapids, and  quickly went into a second printing. A copy fell into the hands of one James F. Ryder, a Cleveland, Ohio, publisher who recognized its awful majesty and soon republished it under the title The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public. Ryder sent out numerous review copies to newspapers across the country, with a cover letter filled with low key mock praise.


1876 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public
And so Moore received national attention. Following Ryder's lead, contemporary reviews were amusedly negative. For instance, The Rochester Democrat wrote of Sweet Singer, that "Shakespeare, could he read it, would be glad that he was dead …. If Julia A. Moore would kindly deign to shed some of her poetry on our humble grave, we should be but too glad to go out and shoot ourselves tomorrow."


1876 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1876 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1876 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1876.


1876 in science
The year 1876 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1876 in sports
1876 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1876–77 Dumbarton F.C. season
The 1876–77 season was the fourth Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.


1876–77 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup
Despite an encouraging start in the campaign, by disposing of their local rivals Renton in the first round, Dumbarton disappointingly lost out to Lennox in the third round of the competition.


1876–77 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies
During the season, 8 'friendly' matches were reported to have been played, including home and away fixtures against local rivals, Vale of Leven and Glasgow side, South Western, of which 4 were won, 2 drawn and 2 lost, scoring 18 goals and conceding 6.


1876–77 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
Only includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.


1876–77 FA Cup
The 1876–77 Football Association Challenge Cup was the sixth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Thirty-seven teams entered, five more than the previous season, although five of the thirty-seven never played a match.


1876–77 FA Cup, Format
First Round: 36 teams (Queen's Park getting a bye) would play.


1876–77 FA Cup, Format
Second Round: 18 teams (with Queen's Park still having a bye) would play


1876–77 FA Cup, Format
Third Round: The 10 remaining teams would play a game.


1876–77 FA Cup, Format
Fourth Round: 4 teams, with Wanderers getting a bye would play for a spot in the Semi-Finals


1876–77 FA Cup, Format
Semi-Finals: 2 of the 3 remaining teams would play for a chance to play Oxford University (after getting a bye) in the final


1876–77 FA Cup, Format
Final: Oxford University would face the Semi-Final for the chance to win their second FA Cup


1876–77 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1876–77 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1876 college football season. They finished with a 3–1 record. The team captain was Nathaniel Curtis.


1876–77 Harvard Crimson football team
On November 18, 1876, the second Harvard–Yale football rivalry game was played before a crowd of approximately 2,000 people at Hamilton Park in New Haven, Connecticut. Walter Camp played for Yale, which won the game 1–0.


1876–77 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season
Season 1876–77 was the second season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the second time.


1876–77 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview
Hearts entered the Scottish Cup for the second time. However they failed to turn up for the match and the game was awarded to Dunfermline.


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches
The 1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams.


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system
The matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, England vs. Ireland
England: LH Birkett (Clapham Rovers), L Stokes (Blackheath F.C. ), A. N. Hornby (Preston), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), WC Hutchinson (I.C.E. College), PLA Price (I.C.E. College), Edward Kewley (Liverpool) capt., FR Adams (Richmond), RH Fowler (Leeds), Murray Marshall (Blackheath F.C. ), G Harrison (Hull), WH Hunt (Preston), Charles Touzel (Cambridge University), FH Lee (Oxford University), Edward Beadon Turner (St. George's Hospital)


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, England vs. Ireland
Ireland: RB Walkington (NIFC), R Galbraith (Dublin University) capt:, H Brown (Windsor), FW Kidd (Lansdowne), AM Whitestone (Dublin University), TG Gordon (NIFC), HW Jackson (Dublin University), HL Cox (Dublin University), W Finlay (NIFC), J Ireland (Windsor), WH Wilson (Dublin University), HG Edwards (Dublin University), HC Kelly (NIFC), T Brown (Windsor), WJ Hamilton (Dublin University)


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Ireland: RGM Shaw, H Moore, RB Walkington, FW Kidd, J Heron, TG Gordon, J Correll, HL Cox, W Finlay, JA McDonald, WH Wilson capt:, HW Murray, HC Kelly, T Brown, WH Ash


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Scotland: HH Johnston (Edinburgh University RFC), Malcolm Cross, RC MacKenzie, EI Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), JR Hay-Gordon, Stewart Henry Smith, DH Watson, D Lang, Charles Villar, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, J Reid, JE Junor


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Scotland vs. England
England: LH Birkett, L Stokes, A. N. Hornby, AW Pearson, WAD Evanson, PLA Price, Edward Kewley capt., HWT Garnett, R Todd, Murray Marshall, G Harrison (Hull), WH Hunt (Preston), Charles Touzel, CC Bryden, AF Law


1876–77 Home Nations rugby union matches, Matches, Scotland vs. England
Scotland: JS Carrick, HH Johnston (Edinburgh Collegiate RFC), Malcolm Cross, RC MacKenzie, EI Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), JR Hay-Gordon, DH Watson, TJ Torrie, Charles Villar, RW Irvine capt., AG Petrie, JHS Graham, Henry Melville Napier, J Reid, JE Junor


1876–77 Queen's Park F.C. season
The 1876–77 season was the sixth season of competitive football by Queen's Park. This was the first season that Queen's entered both the Scottish Cup and the FA Cup.


1876–77 Queen's Park F.C. season, Scottish Cup
For the first time, Queen's Park lost a Scottish Cup tie when they were beaten by eventual champions Vale of Leven in the quarter-finals.


1876–77 Queen's Park F.C. season, FA Cup
Queen's Park entered the FA Cup for the first time since 1872–73. They received a bye through rounds one and two but they withdrew before their round match with Oxford University.


1876–77 Queen's Park F.C. season, Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup
For the first edition of the end-of-season Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup, Queen's Park were due to face Vale of Leven in the final. However, the Scottish Cup tie between the teams earlier in the season had ended in controversy as Queen's accused Vale of wearing illegal spikes on their boots. It was hoped the charity cup could be used to heal relations between the clubs but Vale refused to play and were replaced by Rangers.


1876–77 Scottish Cup
The 1876–77 Scottish Cup – officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup – was the fourth season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Entries to the competition again increased with a total of 81 clubs involved in the first round draw. This resulted in an earlier start to the competition than in previous seasons with the first matches played on 23 September 1876. The cup was won for the first time by Dunbartonshire club Vale of Leven who defeated Rangers 3–2 in a twice-replayed final.


1876–77 Scottish Cup
This was the first final which did not involve defending champions Queen's Park who lost 2–1 to Vale of Leven in the quarter-finals and the first time the cup was won by a team from outside Glasgow.


1876–77 Scottish Cup, Calendar
The exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.


1876–77 Scottish Cup, Teams
All 81 teams entered the competition in the first round. As a result of teams withdrawing due to the cost of traveling long distances in previous seasons, the draw for the first two rounds was regionalised. This practice was continued in future seasons until the introduction of the Scottish Qualifying Cup in 1895–96.


1876–77 Scottish Districts season
The 1876-77 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.


1876–77 Scottish Districts season
It includes the Inter-City fixture between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, History
The East of Scotland v West of Scotland trial match was kept as an annual event.


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City
Glasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), A. McGeoch (West of Scotland), J. Neilson (Glasgow Academicals), W. H. Little (West of Scotland), D. H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals) [


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City
captain], J. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), T. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), W. Morton (St. Vincent), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), H. Napier (West of Scotland), R. A. Ker (Glasgow University), T. M. Morrison (Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: John Smith (Edinburgh University), G. A. Scott (Royal HSFP), J. Rutherford (Royal HSFP), R. Johnston (Edinburgh Academicals), E. I. Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP) [ captain], R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Macleod (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Budd (Edinburgh Wanderers)


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches
East of Scotland District: J. Norrie (Abertay), back; 2, H. Stiven (Dundee), half-back ; 3, W. Dick, half-back ; 4, M. Wright (Red Cross), quarter ; 5, G. Auldjo (St Andrews University), quarter ; 6, A. Stiven (Dundee), [captain] ; 7, E. Hill (Dundee) ; 8, D. R. Irvine (Aberdeen Rangers) ; 9, G. Cruden (Aberdeen Rangers) ; 10, D. M. Barrow (St Andrews University) ; 11, E. Morrison (St Andrews University) ; 12, L. C. Auldjo (Abertay) ; 13, Newman (Abertay) ; 14, W. Johnston (Red Cross), 15, A. B Storrier (Red Cross).


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches
Edinburgh District: H. H. Johnston (Collegiate F.P),  R. Johnston (Edinburgh Academicals), J. C. Montgomerie (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), E. I. Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), A. G. Petrie [captain] (Royal HSFP), J. Morrison, (Royal HSFP), R. W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals) T. Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals) G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals) T. Tod (Edinburgh Academicals) 13, C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P.)


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches
East of Scotland District: Henry Halcro Johnston (Collegiate), J. Smith (Edinburgh University), J. V. Rutherford (Royal HSFP), E. I. Pocock (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Edinburgh Academicals), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP) [ captain], J. O. Morrison (Royal HSFP), R. B. Murrie (Royal HSFP), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), T. Torrie (Edinburgh Academicals), G. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. G. Strong (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Budd (Edinburgh Wanderers).


1876–77 Scottish Districts season, Results, Other Scottish matches
West of Scotland District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), R. C. Mackenzie (Glasgow Academicals), D. H. Watson (Glasgow Academicals), J. Little (West of Scotland), J. H. Smith (Glasgow Academicals), J. E. Junor (Glasgow Academicals), A. T. Arthur (Glasgow Academicals),  H. Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), W. B. Russell (West of Scotland),  R. A. Ker (Glasgow University), T. Morrison (Glasgow University), D. Y. Cassels (Glasgow University), W. Morton (St. Vincent)


1876–77 in English football
The 1876–77 season was the sixth season of competitive football in England.


1876–77 in English football, National team
Once again England played Scotland at the Kennington OvalThis was England's first defeat on 'home soil'. The referee for this match was former England player, Robert Ogilvie.


1876–77 in English football, Honours
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition


1876–77 in Scottish football
The 1876–77 season was the fourth season of competitive domestic football in Scotland.


1876–77 in Scottish football, Overview
The Scottish Cup was contested for the fourth time with Vale of Leven winning the cup for the first time. On the international front, Scotland played two away matches including their first in Wales.


1876–77 in Scottish football, Overview
In addition, Queen's Park competed in the FA Cup and the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup was played for the first time.


1876–77 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
The increasing popularity of the competition saw 81 clubs entering the tournament's fourth edition. Vale of Leven progress to the latter stages was comfortable, eliminating Helensburgh, Vale of Leven Rovers, 3rd Lanark RV and Busby without conceding a goal. They also became the first team to beat Queen's Park in a competitive fixture in the quarter-final before beating Ayr Thistle in the semi-final. Rangers received two byes through the course of the competition, including in the semi-finals. They conceded just one goal on their road to the final, defeating Queen's Park Juniors, Towerhill, Mauchline and Lennox.


1876–77 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
There were two notable firsts for the final – the absence of Queen's Park, and the need for a second replay. As with the previous season, the first match was staged at Hamilton Crescent and finished in a 1–1 draw. Three weeks later, the same result was recorded at the same venue before Robert Paton scored an 88th-minute winner as Vale of Leven recorded a 3–2 win at Hampden Park.


1876–77 in Scottish football, FA Cup
Queen's Park received byes to the third round but then withdrew before playing Oxford University.


1877
1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1877th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 877th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th  year of the 19th century, and the  8th   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1877, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1877 Amherst football team
The 1877 Amherst football team represented Amherst College during the 1877 college football season.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1877 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall. Records show that in 1877 there were eight cyclones, of which five were tropical storms and three were hurricanes, one of which became a major hurricane (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eight tropical cyclones for the 1877 season. Five were tropical storms and three were hurricanes, with winds of 75 mph (119 km/h) or greater. The first storm was a tropical storm which formed near the Turks & Caicos Islands on August 1. It traveled parallel to the US east coast to make landfall in New Brunswick on August 5. The second storm of the season formed as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
It developed into a Category 1 hurricane which first struck Louisiana on September 18, then Florida the next day before dissipating in the Atlantic onSeptember 21. Hurricane Three was a Category 1 hurricane that existed between September 16 and 22 without making landfall. Hurricane Four was the strongest and most destructive storm of the season and impacted both Venezuela and Florida. Most notably, Hurricane Four caused 84 fatalities in the United States.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Tropical Storm Five existed between September 24 and September 29 in which period it traveled from north of Hispaniola to a point off the south-east coast of the United States. Tropical Storm Six existed for a few days in mid-October without making landfall. Tropical Storm Seven formed in the western Gulf of Mexico, tracked parallel to the US Gulf coast and crossed the Florida peninsula between October 24 and October 28. The last storm of the season was known to have existed for two days in November. It dissipated off the Newfoundland coast on November 29.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
A tropical storm was first observed to the north of Turks and Caicos Islands on August 1. It tracked along the eastern edge of the Bahamas, before paralleling the east coast of the United States. By August 2, the tropical storm was nearly a hurricane, though records show that winds never exceeded 70 mph (113 km/h). It gradually weakened as it headed generally north. The storm finally made landfall in New Brunswick as a 60 mph (96 km/h) tropical storm on August 5. Later it dissipated as it emerged into the Gulf of St. Lawrence.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
A tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14. On September 16 it reached peak intensity as an 80 mph (129 km/h) hurricane while it was within 120 miles (193 km) of the Texas coast. Although heavy rain and high tides were seen all along the Texas coast, the hurricane veered eastward, so avoiding a landfall in Texas. However, on September 18 it made landfall in Louisiana while at the same strength. On September 19 the hurricane made another landfall at Fort Walton Beach, Florida. It quickly weakened back to a tropical storm while still in the state of Florida. It emerged into the Atlantic on September 20. The storm dissipated about 200 miles south of North Carolina on September 21.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
A Category 1 hurricane was first discovered on September 16 in the mid-North Atlantic. It moved generally to the northwest for a few days then passed safely to the northeast of Bermuda between September 18 and 19th. It weakened to a tropical storm as it was moving toward Atlantic Canada. It dissipated while just offshore of southern Newfoundland. The storm is known to have reached hurricane strength from ship reports, most notably from the Harley John, and wind reports from St. Paul Island, Canada


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
On September 21, a tropical storm was first observed east of the Leeward Islands. It moved west at a low latitude, hugging the coast of South America while strengthening. It crossed over northern Venezuela on the September 23, becoming one of just a few tropical systems to hit that country. The island of Curaçao was devastated. The hurricane turned northward, weakening to a minimal Category 1 storm. It crossed the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, where it strengthened to a 115 mph (185 km/h) major hurricane just before landfall at Panama City Beach, Florida, on October 3.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
It caused a storm tide of 12 feet (3.7 m) at St. Marks, Florida. The storm became extratropical over the Carolinas on October 4. The storm caused heavy rain and flooding throughout North Carolina. Numerous ships were wrecked along the United States Atlantic coast. Overall, the hurricane was responsible for 84 deaths.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
On September 24 a tropical storm was discovered north of Hispaniola. It tracked through the Bahamas over the next few days. After passing the Bahamas, it moved parallel to the southeastern coast of the United States. The storm reached peak intensity on September 28. It apparently dissipated on September 29.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six
A tropical storm was discovered roughly halfway between Bermuda and the Cape Verde Islands on October 13. It headed generally northward and did not strengthen. It became extratropical to the southeast of Cape Race on October 16. This extratropical storm lasted until October 18.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
A tropical storm was first discovered on October 24 in the Gulf of Mexico. It paralleled the states of the Gulf Coast for a few days before ultimately making landfall near Cedar Key, Florida, as a tropical storm. The storm later strengthened slightly but dissipated on October 28.


1877 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight
A tropical storm was discovered in the vicinity of the Bahamas on November 28. It reached peak intensity on November 29. The storm became extratropical by November 30 and affected many areas of Atlantic Canada.


1877 Birthday Honours
The 1877 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 30 May and 2 June 1877.


1877 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1877 Boston Red Caps season
The 1877 Boston Red Caps season was the seventh season of the franchise. Arthur Soden became the new owner of the franchise, who won their first National League pennant.


1877 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Boston Red Caps season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1877 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1877 saw the election of Henry L. Pierce, who unseated incumbent mayor Frederick O. Prince.


1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season
The Hartford Dark Blues moved to Brooklyn, New York prior to the 1877 season and were renamed as the Brooklyn Hartfords. This was to be the Hartfords last season, as they disbanded following the completion of their schedule.


1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Central Cumberland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 31 August 1877 because the seats of William Long and John Lackey were declared vacant as they had been appointed to positions in the fourth Robertson ministry. Long was appointed Colonial Treasurer, and Lackey was appointed Minister of Justice and Public Instruction. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion, only Thomas Garrett (Camden) and Ezekiel Baker (Goldfields South) were unopposed. While the other ministers, John Robertson (West Sydney), John Davies (East Sydney) and Edward Combes (Orange) were opposed, all were re-elected.


1877 Chicago White Stockings season
The 1877 Chicago White Stockings season was the 6th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 2nd in the National League and the 4th at 23rd Street Grounds. The White Stockings finished fifth in the National League with a record of 26–33.


1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1877 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1877 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1877, Republican Monroe Heath was reelected, defeating Democrat Perry H. Smith by a more than twenty point margin.


1877 Chicago mayoral election
On April 23, 1875, Chicago had voted to operate under the Cities and Villages Act of 1872. This moved its mayoral elections from November to April. The 1877 election was the first Chicago mayoral election to be scheduled in accordance with this change (the disputed April 1876 election was nullified because it had not been officially scheduled). As a result, the election took place on April 3.


1877 Chicago mayoral election, Results
Heath won reelection by a large majority. Republicans managed to sweep all citywide offices in the municipal elections.


1877 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1877 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth and last in the National League with a record of 15–42, 25½ games behind the Boston Red Caps.


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
After finishing dead last in the National League in the 1876 season, the Reds attempted to improve their club by signing Lip Pike, who spent the previous season with the St. Louis Brown Stockings. Pike was also named the manager of the team.


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Some other off-season additions included Bob Addy, who spent the previous season with the Chicago White Stockings, Jack Manning of the Boston Red Caps, and a couple of new pitchers with Candy Cummings, who had a 16–8 record with a 1.67 ERA with the Hartford Dark Blues joining the team, as well as Bobby Mathews, who had a 21–34 record with New York Mutuals in 1876.


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Charley Jones had another solid season for the Reds, hitting .310 with two homers and a team high 36 RBI. Manning had solid year, hitting .317, as he had a team high 80 hits while tying Jones with a team high 36 RBI. Pike hit .298 with a teah high four home runs, and added 23 RBI. On the mound, rookie Bobby Mitchell came up late in the season, and was very impressive, leading Cincinnati with six victories with a team best 3.51 in twelve games.


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
The Reds got off to another terrible start, as they had a 3–11 start to the season, and Pike stepped down as the manager. Bob Addy took over as player manager; however, he too saw very few wins as Cincinnati went 5–19 during his managerial stint. Jack Manning then finished the year as player-manager, going 7–12, as the Reds had a 15–42 record, once again finishing in the National League cellar, 25.5 games behind the first place Boston Red Caps.


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1877 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1877 City of Auckland West by-election
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by J947 (talk | contribs) at 23:05, 21 June 2020 (add 'via' parameter to references using AWB). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1877 City of Auckland West by-election
The 1877 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 2 May 1877 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.


1877 City of Auckland West by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Benjamin Tonks.


1877 City of Auckland West by-election
His opponent Robert Graham was a former Superintendent of Auckland Province, and there was some surprise at his defeat.


1877 City of Wellington by-election
The 1877 City of Wellington by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member City of Wellington electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 27 March 1877.


1877 City of Wellington by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of one of the two incumbent MPs, Edward Pearce, and led to his replacement by William Travers.


1877 Clare by-election
The Clare by-election of 1877 was fought on 13 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Sir Colman O'Loghlen. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Sir Bryan O'Loghlen. The result was remarkable in that O'Loghlen did not seek the nomination and was elected without his consent. He refused to take his seat as he was Attorney-General of Victoria. This position was considered an office of profit and thus disqualified him from membership of the House of Commons.


1877 Clare by-election
A select committee was established to consider the issue and reported in 1879. The found that this was the case and the seat was declared vacant. Some controversy remained because O'Loghlen's position was in a colony and not in the United Kingdom. A writ was moved for another by-election in 1879.


1877 Columbia football team
The 1877 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1877 college football season.


1877 Dublin University by-election
The Dublin University by-election of 1877 was fought on 13 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Gibson, becoming Attorney-General for Ireland. It was retained by the incumbent.


1877 Dungarvan by-election
The Dungarvan by-election of 1877 was fought on 23 June 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John O'Keeffe. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Frank Hugh O'Donnell.


1877 Dutch general election
Partial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 June 1877 to elect half the seats in the House of Representatives.


1877 East Sydney colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 15 July 1877 because John Davies was appointed Postmaster-General in the fourth Robertson ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Central Cumberland (John Lackey and William Long), East Sydney, Orange (Edward Combes) and West Sydney (John Robertson). Each minister was comfortably re-elected. Only Camden (Thomas Garrett) and Goldfields South (Ezekiel Baker) were uncontested.


1877 English cricket season
1877 was the 91st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).


1877 English cricket season, Events
15 - 19 March. Australia v. England at Melbourne Cricket Ground. Afterwards recognised as the first-ever Test Match. Australia won by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman scoring 165*: the first Test century. William Midwinter, with 5-78 in England’s first innings, was the first bowler to take five wickets in a Test innings.


1877 English cricket season, Events
31 March - 4 April. Australia v. England: Second Test, also at MCG. England won by 4 wickets.


1877 English cricket season, Events
27 July - 28 July. Gloucestershire beats an "unrepresentative" (Wisden) England team by five wickets. Since 1877 only Yorkshire in 1905 and 1935 has equalled this feat.


1877 English cricket season, Events
10 & 12 November. South Australia v. Tasmania at Adelaide was the earliest first class match played by South Australia. They won by an innings and 13 runs, their team including George Giffen.


1877 English cricket season, Notes
An unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.


1877 FA Cup Final
The 1877 FA Cup Final  was a football match between Wanderers and Oxford University on 24 March 1877 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the sixth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Wanderers were the reigning cup-holders and had won the competition three times in total. Oxford had also previously won the tournament, making this the first FA Cup Final played between two former winners. Wanderers had reached the final without conceding a goal, defeating Cambridge University in the semi-finals. Oxford had only played three matches in the five rounds prior to the final due to a combination of byes and opponents withdrawing.


1877 FA Cup Final
Oxford took the lead in the final when Arthur Kinnaird, the Wanderers goalkeeper, stepped behind his goal-line while holding the ball, thereby scoring an own goal. Wanderers equalised in the dying stages of the match and scored the winning goal in extra time. Oxford's goal was struck from the official records after the match, but reinstated over a hundred years later.


1877 FA Cup Final, Route to the final
Wanderers were the reigning cup holders and had also won the tournament in both 1872 and 1873. Oxford University had won the competition in 1874. Both teams entered the competition at the first round stage and were allocated home matches against Saffron Walden and Old Salopians respectively. Neither match took place, however, as in each case the away team withdrew from the competition, giving their opponents a bye into the next round. In the second round, Wanderers and Oxford both scored six goals, defeating Southall and 105th Regiment respectively.


1877 FA Cup Final, Route to the final
In the third round, Wanderers beat Pilgrims 3–0 and Oxford again progressed without playing when their scheduled opponents, the leading Scottish club Queen's Park, withdrew. Wanderers themselves progressed through the quarter-finals on a bye as an uneven number of teams remained in the competition. Oxford were held to a goalless draw by Upton Park, but emerged victorious after a replay two weeks later. In the semi-finals Oxford received a bye, progressing straight to the final, and Wanderers beat the other of the great universities, Cambridge University, 1–0.


1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Both teams chose to play with two full-backs, two half-backs and six forwards, in keeping with the attacking style of play generally employed at the time. Arthur Kinnaird played in goal for Wanderers, even though he had played as a forward in three earlier cup final appearances. At the time, the position of goalkeeper was not considered a specialised one, and players often alternated between playing in goal and playing in outfield positions. The game was played at Kennington Oval, home of Surrey County Cricket Club and took place in extremely bad weather, with rain and sleet hampering the players. Wanderers won the coin toss and chose to begin the match defending the Harleyford Road end of the stadium.


1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
The Wanderers players began the game in relative disarray, which the correspondent from The Sportsman reported was not an uncommon feature of their matches. After fifteen minutes Oxford were awarded a corner kick, which Evelyn Waddington kicked high towards the goal. Kinnaird caught the ball, but in doing so stepped behind the goal-line. The Oxford players immediately appealed for a goal to be awarded, and after a consultation the officials did so, giving the University team the lead. Some time later, Charles Wollaston was injured and swapped positions with Kinnaird.


1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
At the time the concept of substitution had not been introduced to the sport, so injured players were obliged to remain in the game unless they were completely unable to play on, but it was common for an injured player to "retire into goal", where it was felt he would be less of a liability.


1877 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
As Wanderers pressed for an equaliser, Francis Birley took an indirect free kick, which went into the Oxford goal, but no goal was awarded as the ball had gone straight in without touching another player. Four minutes from the end of the game, Hubert Heron made what The Field called a "splendid run" and passed the ball to Jarvis Kenrick, whose shot eluded Oxford goalkeeper Edward Alington to level the scores and send the game into extra time. Seven minutes into the extra period, William Lindsay's goalbound shot was headed away by an Oxford player but the ball rebounded to Lindsay who sent it past Alington to give Wanderers a lead which the cup holders kept until the end of the game and thus retained the trophy.


1877 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Some time after the match, Kinnaird informed the council of the Football Association (FA), of which he was a member, that in his opinion he had not carried the ball over the line for Oxford's goal.


1877 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Despite the fact that the referee had awarded the goal and multiple newspaper reports stated that the ball had clearly gone over the line, Kinnaird's fellow council members took his word for it, and struck the goal from the records, changing the official score to 2–0 (although if Oxford had not scored, there would have been no reason for the game to go to extra time, so by rights they should have annulled Wanderers' second goal as well). For the next century, all sources reported the score of the match as 2–0. In the 1980s, after fresh research into contemporary reports of the game by football historians, the FA reinstated the Oxford goal, and now regard the official final score of the 1877 final as 2–1.


1877 French legislative election
The 1877 general election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Third Republic was held on 14 and 28 October 1877, during the Seize Mai crisis.


1877 French legislative election
President Patrice de MacMahon dissolved the Chamber of Deputies elected in 1876, in the hope of a conservative and royalist victory. Although royalists lost seats, Bonapartists increased their seat total over 1876; the Republicans lost 80 seats, but retained a majority.


1877 French legislative election
This election proved a serious setback for those hoping for a restoration of the monarchy, such as MacMahon. In the Senate elections of January 1879, the monarchists also lost control of the Senate. MacMahon resigned, and the Republican Jules Grévy was elected president by the National Assembly.


1877 French legislative election
Along with the 1997 election, it is a rare case of an election in which the sitting President's party lost a general election which he had called.


1877 French legislative election in Algeria
Elections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria on 14 October 1877 as part of the wider National Assembly elections. All three seats had only one candidate.


1877 Geelong Football Club season
The 1877 season was the first in which Geelong participated in the newly established Victorian Football Association. Geelong did not have a captain this season nor did they have a best and fairest. No data is available as to who scored the most goals. Geelong did not play enough matches to place on the ladder.


1877 Geelong Football Club season, Season Summary
Geelong mainly played matches against local teams this season with only three matches against senior clubs. Of those matches, Geelong won one match and lost two matches. Geelong played twice against Geelong Imperial winning one match and drawing the other. Geelong also played matches against Camperdown and Colac, and Victorian Railways, winning both of these matches.


1877 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 10 January 1877. The National Liberal Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag, with 127 of the 397 seats. Voter turnout was 60.6%.


1877 Grand National
The 1877 Grand National was the 39th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 23 March 1877.


1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick
The Great Saint John Fire was an urban fire that devastated much of Saint John, New Brunswick in June 1877. It destroyed two-fifths of the city of Saint John.


1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick, Fire
At 2:30 on the afternoon of June 20, 1877, a spark fell into a bundle of hay in Henry Fairweather's storehouse in the York Point Slip area. Nine hours later the fire had destroyed over 80 hectares (200 acres) and 1,612 structures including eight churches, six banks, fourteen hotels, eleven schooners and four wood boats. The fire had killed approximately 19 people, and injured many more. No photographs exist of the fire. However, some survivors' accounts of the blaze tell that the fire came so close to the harbour that it looked like the water was on fire.


1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick, Aftermath and legacy
Saint John's Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area was built out of the ashes of the fire.


1877 Great Grimsby by-election
The Great Grimsby by-election of 1877 was fought on 1 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Chapman. It was won by the Liberal candidate Alfred Watkin.


1877 Halifax by-election
The Halifax by-election of 1877 was fought on 20 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Crossley. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Dyson Hutchinson.


1877 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1877 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1877 college football season. They finished with a 3–1 record. The team captain was Livingston Cushing.


1877 Harvard Crimson football team
On November 3, 1877, Harvard suffered its only loss to Princeton in a game played at St George's Cricket Club in Hoboken, New Jersey. The game was played under the "Amended Rugby" rules under which three touchdowns counted as a goal. Princeton scored one goal and one touchdown, and Harvard was held to one touchdown. The game was attended by 400 to 500 students in addition to "several hundred spectators, many of the number being of the fair sex, who came to the scene of battle in carriages."


1877 Harvard Crimson football team
Two days later, on Monday, November 5, Harvard defeated Columbia in a two-inning match played on the same St. George's Cricket Club grounds. Harvard won the game with six goals and four touchdowns. Columbia did not score.


1877 Hawkesbury colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Hawkesbury on 7 April 1877 because William Piddington had been appointed Colonial Treasurer in the second Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion, The Hawkesbury was the only district at which the re-election of a minister was opposed.


1877 Honduran general election
General elections were held in Honduras on 22 and 25 April 1877. In the presidential elections on 22 April, the result was a victory for the Liberal candidate, interim President Marco Aurelio Soto, who received 81% of the vote. Congressional elections were held on 25 April.


1877 Huntingdonshire by-election
The Huntingdonshire by-election of 1877 was fought on 29 June 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Carstairs Pelly. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Mandeville.


1877 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1877 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1877.


1877 Iowa Senate election
In the 1877 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the seventeenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 24 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1877 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 40 seats to Democrats' 10 seats.


1877 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 16 Senate seats.


1877 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1877 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 38 seats and Democrats having 12 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats).


1877 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1877 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1877. Republican nominee John H. Gear defeated Democratic nominee John P. Irish with 49.39% of the vote.


1877 Iquique earthquake
The 1877 Iquique earthquake occurred at 21:16 local time on 9 May (0:59 on 10 May UTC). It had a magnitude of 8.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale. Other estimates of its magnitude have been as high as 8.9 Mw and 9.0 Mt (based on the size of the tsunami). It had a maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale and triggered a devastating tsunami. A total of 2,385 people died, mainly in Fiji.


1877 Iquique earthquake, Historical context
Affected areas in what was then part of Bolivia, but is now the Antofagasta region of Chile, had during this period been subject to the Atacama border dispute between the two countries. Under the 1874 boundary treaty between Bolivia and Chile, the border between the two nations as of 1877 followed the 24th parallel south. The terms of that treaty required that Bolivia not levy taxes on Chilean companies mining nitrates between the 23rd and 24th parallels (including the city of Antofagasta) for 25 years, except for agreed duties to be shared between the two countries.


1877 Iquique earthquake, Historical context
Following extensive damage in the 1877 earthquake and tsunami, the municipal authorities in Antofagasta voted for a tax of 10 centavos per quintal (approximately 46 kg or 101 lb) of nitrates exported to fund reconstruction of the town. The Chilean Antofagasta Nitrate & Railway Company, a major nitrate mining company in the region, refused to pay, backed by the Chilean government. This dispute resulted in the War of the Pacific, fought from 1879 to 1884, by which Chile gained control of territory as far north as Tacna, including Bolivia's entire coastline.


1877 Iquique earthquake, Tectonic setting
Coastal regions of Peru and Chile lie above the convergent boundary, where the Nazca Plate is being subducted beneath the South American Plate along the line of the Peru–Chile Trench. The rate of convergence across this boundary is measured at about 8 cm (3.1 in) per year. This boundary has been the site of many great megathrust earthquakes, in addition to events caused by faulting within both the subducting and over-riding plates.


1877 Iquique earthquake, Damage
The earthquake shaking caused significant damage over most of the coastal parts of the Tarapacá and Antofagasta Regions. The tsunami caused a 10 m (33 ft) wave along about 500 km (310 mi) of coast, from Arica in the north to Mejillones in the south. At Arica the water reached the cathedral. The hulk of the U.S. gunboat Wateree, which had been beached hundreds of metres inland by the final wave of the tsunami triggered by the 1868 Arica earthquake, was moved several kilometres to the north along the coast and nearer the shoreline. The tsunami caused 2,000 deaths in Fiji, and another 5 in Hilo, Hawaii.


1877 Iquique earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake
The shaking lasted for five minutes at Caleta Pabellón de Pica, a coastal town 70 km (43 mi) south of Iquique. The area of felt intensity of VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale or greater, extended from about 50 km (31 mi) south of Arica to just south of Cobija. This indicates a rupture length of about 420 km (260 mi).


1877 Iquique earthquake, Characteristics, Tsunami
The tsunami affected the coasts of Peru and northern Chile and was observed across the Pacific Ocean, in Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Hawaii, Mexico, California and Japan. At Arica eight separate large waves were recorded.


1877 Iquique earthquake, Future earthquake hazard
The rupture area of the 1877 earthquake has been recognised as one of the major seismic gaps on the plate boundary, known as the "Northern Chile Seismic Gap". The Mw = 7.7 2007 Tocopilla earthquake occurred at the southern edge of the gap, but is not considered to have necessarily reduced the risk of a great megathrust earthquake within this area. In 2005, a recurrence period of 135 years was estimated for great earthquakes along this part of the plate boundary, suggesting that a similar earthquake to the 1877 event was likely in the early 21st century. The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck in the same seismic gap with a magnitude of Mw  = 8.2.


1877 Kentucky Derby
The 1877 Kentucky Derby was the 3rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 22, 1877. The 1877 Derby was the first to attract a major celebrity spectator, Polish actress Helena Modjeska.


1877 Kentucky Derby, Payout
The winner received a purse of $3,300. The second-place finisher received $200.


1877 Launceston by-election
The Launceston by-election of 1877 was fought on 3 March 1877. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Henry Deakin (junior). It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Hardinge Stanley Giffard.


1877 Liberian general election
Presidential elections were held in Liberia in 1877. The result was a victory for Anthony W. Gardiner of the True Whig Party. Gardiner took office on 7 January 1878. The election began the century-long political dominance of the True Whig Party.


1877 Liechtenstein general election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein between March and October 1877. The election was called following the dissolution of the Landtag due to a currency crisis in the country. The Landstag election that took place on 30 April was suspended and did not resume until 18 October.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Background
From 1873 to 1876, the Austro-Hungarian gulden, which was being used as legal tender in Liechtenstein since 1859, dropped in value by 10%. This created disadvantages in trade between Liechtenstein and Switzerland, especially for the Oberland region. However, the Unterland region did not see any visible losses as it mainly traded with the region of Vorarlberg in Austria.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Background
In 1876, Liechtenstein gained monetary sovereignty in a renewed customs treaty with Austria. This was followed by Liechtenstein adopting the Swiss franc as legal tender on 23 December 1876 following demands in the country for a stable gold currency. The Unterland region opposed the adoption of the Swiss franc with region's four Landtag members resigning prior to the move.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Background
In response, the Unterland region threatened in January 1877 to secede from Liechtenstein to join Austria if the Landtag is not dissolved and if the adoption of the Swiss franc is not annulled. The remaining Landtag members resigned on 15 January, with Prince Johann II dissolving the Landtag and suspending the adoption of the Swiss franc on 18 January.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Electors
Electors were selected through elections that were held between 22 March and 14 April. Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, April election
The electors met on 30 April in Vaduz to elect twelve Landtag members and five substitute members. Of the 160 electors, 154 participated in the voting.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, April election
In the first ballot, eight out of twelve seats of the Landtag were already filled with all of the elected members being from the Oberland region. Electors from Unterland did not participate in the second ballot which resulted to the election being suspended due to a lack of quorum.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, October election
The election of the Landtag continued on 18 October after negotiations between the representatives of Oberland and Unterland. Of the 160 electors, 148 participated in the voting. The electors voted for the remaining six Landtag members and five substitute members.


1877 Liechtenstein general election, Results, October election
The newly elected Landtag decided to dissolve with new elections scheduled in 1878 and to create the two electoral districts of Oberland and Unterland.


1877 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1877. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.


1877 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Election
At the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1877, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1892 for a term of six years.


1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 1, Everton, 2 March 1878
The death of Alderman Joseph Harrison was reported to the Council on 16 February 1878.


1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 1, Everton, 2 March 1878
His place was taken by Councillor John Pearson (Conservative, Everton, elected 1 November 1875) was elected as an Alderman by the Council on 16 February 1878.


1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 23 May 1878
Caused by the death of Councillor William Leyland (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1 November 1876), which was reported to the Council on 5 June 1878.


1877 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 8, Pitt Street, 23 May 1878
Caused by the election of Charles Courtenay Deane (Conservative, Pitt Street, elected 23 April 1977) being declared void on 27 June 1877 under the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act 1872 and reported to the Council on 4 July 1877..


1877 Louisville Grays scandal
The 1877 Louisville Grays scandal was an incident in which members of the Louisville Grays baseball team accepted money to lose games. Four players – Bill Craver, Jim Devlin, George Hall, and Al Nichols – were subsequently banned from professional baseball for life.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background
In the early days of professional baseball, crooked play was not uncommon, and many players were suspected of throwing games in exchange for money. Gambling had undermined the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA) in the early 1870s, and William Hulbert formed the National League in 1876 with the intention of driving it out of the game. Nevertheless, there were still several gambling-related scandals during the 1876 season.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved
Jim Devlin started his Major League Baseball career in 1873 and was the Louisville Grays' pitcher in 1876 and 1877. In 1876, he had a win–loss record of 30–35 and an earned run average of 1.56, while leading the league in complete games, innings pitched, and strikeouts. In 1877, he went 35–25 with a 2.25 ERA and again led the league in complete games and innings pitched. He started and completed each of the Grays' 61 games, an accomplishment no other MLB pitcher in history has matched.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved
Outfielder George Hall was one of the best sluggers in the game's early history. After playing in the NA from 1871 to 1875, he joined the Philadelphia Athletics in 1876. That season, he led the league with five home runs and finished second in batting average, on-base percentage, slugging percentage, and total bases. In 1877, he played for the Grays and had a .323 batting average.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved
Shortstop Bill Craver was a noted crooked player who had been expelled from a team in 1870 for throwing games. He played for the New York Mutuals in 1876 before joining the Grays the following season.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Background, Players involved
Al Nichols also played for the Mutuals in 1876. He joined the Grays in the middle of the 1877 season on the recommendation of Hall and appeared in six games for the team.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Scandal
After the games of August 13, the Grays were in first place by 4 games over St. Louis and 4.5 over Boston, with a record of 27 wins and 13 losses, and with some 20 games left to play. They then commenced a nine-game winless streak (including one tie) and eventually lost the championship to Boston. They won six out of their last seven, making their season record of 35-25 look reasonably respectable, but those wins came after Boston had clinched the pennant, having won 20 of their final 21 games. Louisville finished second, 7 games behind Boston.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Scandal
Club president Charles E. Chase received telegrams informing him of suspicious gambling activity involving the team. He started an investigation, and Devlin and Hall confessed to throwing several exhibition games late in the season, with Devlin receiving up to $100 per game. On October 4, the entire team was gathered, and Chase demanded that they turn over their telegrams. Every player except Craver complied, and the telegrams showed that Devlin, Hall, and Nichols had thrown games. On October 30, Craver, Devlin, Hall, and Nichols were expelled from the club, and on December 4, the National League banned them from professional baseball for life.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Aftermath
The Grays franchise folded after the 1877 season. Over the next few decades, there were fewer suspicions of game-fixing in professional baseball. The four banned players were never reinstated. Nichols played semi-professional baseball, Craver became a police officer, and Hall worked as an engraver and clerk. Devlin tried to be reinstated many times but was unsuccessful. In one instance, he got on his knees and begged Hulbert for another chance.


1877 Louisville Grays scandal, Aftermath
Hulbert responded by handing him $50 (roughly equivalent to $1,200 in 2017 value) and saying, "Devlin, that's what I think of you personally; but, damn you, you have sold a game; you are dishonest and this National League will not stand for it." Devlin joined the Philadelphia police department and died of tuberculosis in 1883. His 1.90 career ERA is the third-lowest of all-time among pitchers with at least 1,000 innings pitched.


1877 Louisville Grays season
The 1877 Louisville Grays were the victim of Major League Baseball's first gambling scandal. Pitcher Jim Devlin, outfielder George Hall, utility player Al Nichols and shortstop Bill Craver were accused of throwing games at the end of the season. All four were banned from baseball for life. The team was unable to continue and folded after the season.


1877 Louisville Grays season, Regular season
After a spectacular start that included a 27-13 record to begin the season, The Grays mysteriously lost seven games in a row. Players bobbled the ball, seemed to slow between bases, swung suspiciously wide. The result was the Grays lost the pennant.


1877 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1877 Louisville Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1877 Lower Hunter colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Lower Hunter on 26 November 1877 because Archibald Jacob was appointed Secretary for Mines in the fourth Robertson ministry. Jacob had been unopposed at the election in October 1877, and ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.


1877 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1877 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 10, 1877. Incumbent Republican Governor Seldon Connor defeated Democratic nominee and former governor Joseph H. Williams and Greenback nominee Henry C. Munson.


1877 Marsden
1877 Marsden, provisional designation 1971 FC, is a carbonaceous Hildian asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1971, and named after British astronomer Brian Marsden.


1877 Marsden, Discovery
Marsden was discovered on 24 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory, California.


1877 Marsden, Discovery
The discovery was made in a survey of faint Trojans (in spite of not having received a typical T-1 designation). The trio of Dutch and Dutch–American astronomers collaborated on the productive Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s, using the same procedure as for this smaller Trojan campaign: Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory where blinking and astrometry was carried out.


1877 Marsden, Orbit and classification
Marsden is a member of the Hilda family. It orbits the Sun in the outermost main-belt at a distance of 3.1–4.8 AU once every 7 years and 10 months (2,861 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic.


1877 Marsden, Physical characteristics
This trojan asteroid has been characterized as a dark C-type and D-type asteroid.


1877 Marsden, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
During a photometric survey of Hilda asteroids in the late 1990s, an obtained light curve for Marsden gave a rotation period of 14.4 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 in magnitude (U=2).


1877 Marsden, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Marsden measures 35.27 and 35.643 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.082 and 0.07, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and derives a diameter of 34.01 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.07.


1877 Marsden, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of British astronomer Brian Marsden (1937–2010), director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, in recognition of his numerous contributions in the field of orbit calculations for comets and minor planets. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3826).


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6. Incumbent Republican Governor Alexander H. Rice was re-elected to a third term in office over former Governor William Gaston.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign
Some opposition was rallied against Governor Rice by legislators and members of the so-called "Hoosac Tunnel ring," over his opposition to restrictions on liquor. Opponents suggested former acting Governor Thomas Talbot, Speaker of the Massachusetts House John Davis Long, and former Speaker John E. Sanford. Nevertheless, Rice retained the support of Boston business interests.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Campaign
Rice's nomination was seen as practically assured, but some effort was made by supporters of Long, Talbot, and Henry L. Pierce to have a formal count taken of the votes. Long's was seen as the strongest group if Rice should falter. Some opposition was also voiced to renominating Rice's ticket, particularly Lieutenant Governor Horatio G. Knight and Attorney General Charles R. Train.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Convention
The convention reassembled after dinner with Senate President John B. D. Cogswell presiding. The results of the informal ballot were announced as follows:


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Convention
Alanson W. Beard moved to take a formal ballot to declare Rice the nominee, and the motion carried. Stillman B. Allen declared that it was Long's previously stated wish that, under such circumstances, his name be withdrawn. The entire ticket was then formally renominated by acclamation.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention
Charles Theodore Russell was named president of the convention, and he gave a speech denouncing the 1876 presidential election as the result of election fraud and Rutherford B. Hayes as the illegitimate occupant of the White House. Russell also denounced Reconstruction policy in the South, but commended the administration for undertaking civil service reform. He concluded by reaffirming the party's commitment to the principles of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson and discussing state affairs.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention
After a brief three-minute recess, Francis W. Bird rose to withdraw Charles F. Adams from consideration for a second consecutive nomination.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention
Patrick Collins of Boston nominated former Governor William Gaston as "the only man... capable of leading the Democrats in the next election." Mr. Drew of Cambridge then rose to nominate Charles Perkins Thompson, a former U.S. Representative who had traveled to Florida to investigate allegations of Republican election fraud there.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention
John K. Tarbox then seconded the Gaston nomination. Reuben Noble seconded the Thompson nomination and delivered a speech arguing that Gaston, during his time as Governor, was unable to overcome the domination of Benjamin Butler. Boston Alderman John E. Fitzgerald gave his public endorsement to Thompson as a man without enemies in the party, unlike Gaston or Adams. Thomas Riley countered that Thompson was not a candidate of his own accord, but was being offered by enemies of Gaston to weaken him.


1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democration nomination, Convention
A motion was made to declare Gaston the unanimous nominee, but it failed.


1877 Massachusetts legislature
The 98th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1877 during the governorship of Alexander H. Rice. John B. D. Cogswell served as president of the Senate and John Davis Long served as speaker of the House.


1877 Men's Tennis tour
The inaugural 1877 Men's tennis tour  composed of 3 tournaments for the first edition pre-open era tour. Before the birth of Open Era (tennis), most tournaments were reserved for amateur athletes. In 1874 the British Major Walter Clopton Wingfield he patent the House of London Crafts the invention of a new game, which consists of a shaped field hourglass, divided in the middle by a net suspended. The game was packaged in a box containing some balls, four paddles, the network and the signs to mark the field.


1877 Men's Tennis tour
The game was based on the rules of the old real tennis and, at the suggestion of Arthur Balfour, was called lawn-tennis. The official date of birth of the court would be February 23, 1874.


1877 Men's Tennis tour
In 1877 all were amateur tournaments, among them was the first 1877 Wimbledon Championship, the inaugural event was held from the 9 to 19 July and saw as the inaugural winner Spencer Gore, the tournament would remain for a period of 35 years the sole major tennis tournament in the world until the International Lawn Tennis Federation introduces its three World championship series events in 1913 that continue until 1923, however the later U.S. Lawn Tennis Association (f. 1881) only agrees to join the ILTF in 1923 on the basis of two compromises: the title 'World Championships' would be abolished and wording would be 'for ever in the English language'. Wimbledon would still retain its historical status and become one of the four Grand Slam tennis events from 1924


1877 Men's Tennis tour
Whilst Wimbledon was the most prestigious event of this inaugural new sport season in Ireland two other tournaments were also staged one took place in Waterford and the other was University of Dublin Lawn Tennis Championships.


1877 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar
Notes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.


1877 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar
Notes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season


1877 Mexican presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Mexico in 1877. They followed the overthrow of President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada at the end of 1876 as part of the Plan of Tuxtepec. The result was a victory for Porfirio Díaz, who received 96% of the vote.


1877 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1877 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1877 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent John S. Pillsbury was reelected to a second term.


1877 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1877 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1877, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Governor John Marshall Stone ran for election to a first full term. Stone had become governor a year prior, after the resignation of Adelbert Ames.


1877 Montgomery Boroughs by-election
The Montgomery Boroughs by-election of 1877 was fought on 15 May 1877. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Hon. Charles Hanbury-Tracy. It was won by the Liberal candidate Hon. Frederick Hanbury-Tracy.


1877 Napier by-election
The 1877 Napier by-election was a by-election held in the Napier electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 15 February 1877.


1877 Napier by-election
The by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Donald McLean and was won by Fred Suttton. John Buchanan, Henry Stokes Tiffen, William Colenso, and William Barnard Rhodes were the unsuccessful candidates, with Sutton subsequently elected with a majority of 23 votes. Richmond Beetham (eldest son of William Beetham) acted as returning officer. Rhodes had retired from the election but was still regarded as an official candidate.