1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York
At the State election in November 1865, 27 Republicans and 5 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1866-1867) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1866, 82 Republicans and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1867 to the Assembly. The 90th State Legislature met from January 1 to April 20, 1867, at Albany, New York.


1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York
The caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 10, State Senator Charles J. Folger presided. State Senator Thomas Parsons (28th D.) was absent, but had his vote cast by proxy. They nominated Congressman Roscoe Conkling for the U.S. Senate. The incumbent Senator Ira Harris was voted down.


1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York
The caucus of the Democratic State legislators met also on January 10. State Senator Henry C. Murphy was nominated on the first ballot with 25 votes against 21 for Ex-D.A. of New York A. Oakey Hall. Roscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.


1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, New York
Conkling was re-elected in 1873 and 1879, and remained in office until May 17, 1881, when he resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield without being consulted. The crisis between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends.


1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania election was held on January 15, 1867. Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.


1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania
Incumbent Republican Edgar Cowan, who was elected in 1861, was a candidate for re-election to another term, but was defeated by former Democratic Senator and former United States Secretary of War Simon Cameron, who had previously switched to the Republican Party. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 15, 1867, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1867. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:


1866 college soccer season
The 1866 college soccer season is the first record year of association football-like games being held that involved universities in the United States. There were three known games this year that involved American colleges. This included Wisconsin's Carroll College, who played two exhibitions against the Waukesha Town Team in Waukesha, Wisconsin, the Waukesha team and Carroll College exchanged a win and loss. Additionally, Connecticut's Trinity College had an intra-university scrimmage between its class of 1869 and its class of 1870. The match ended in a draw.


1866 great fire of Portland, Maine
The great fire of Portland, Maine, sometimes known as the 1866 great fire of Portland, occurred on July 4, 1866—the first Independence Day after the end of the American Civil War. Five years before the Great Chicago Fire, this was the greatest fire yet seen in an American city. It started in a boat house on Commercial Street, likely caused by a firecracker or a cigar ash. The fire spread to a lumber yard and on to a sugar house, then spread across the city, eventually burning out on Munjoy Hill in the city's east end.


1866 great fire of Portland, Maine
Two people died in the fire. Ten thousand people were made homeless and 1,800 buildings were burned to the ground. This included the federal Exchange Building by which was replaced with the custom house. Soon after the fire, poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow described his old home town: "Desolation! Desolation! Desolation! It reminds me of Pompeii, the 'sepult city'."


1866 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1866 in Australia.


1866 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1866.


1866 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1866 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1866 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1866 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1866 in Canada, Historical documents
Charge given by a Canada West judge to a grand jury in the Fenian invaders case


1866 in Canada, Historical documents
U.S. President Andrew Johnson hopes Canadian courts will show mercy to condemned Fenians


1866 in Canada, Historical documents
Washington learns Fenian invaders' death sentences are to be commuted


1866 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1866 in New Zealand.


1866 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law
The 1866 election is held between 12 February and 6 April. After the election the 4th Parliament commences.


1866 in New Zealand, Sport, Rowing
Star Boating Club is established, as of 2009 the oldest sporting club in Wellington.


1866 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1866 in South Africa.


1866 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1866 to Wales and its people.


1866 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1866.


1866 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1866.


1866 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1866 in poetry, Events, Ode on the Mammoth Cheese
In this year a masterpiece of cheese-making, a 7,000-pound Canadian behemoth produced in Perth, Ontario, and sent to exhibitions in Toronto, New York and Britain, is given its appropriate due in poetry by one James McIntyre (1828–1906), a Canadian known as "The Cheese Poet", whose work outlasts his subject and might even make its fame immortal. Herewith, an excerpt of his "Ode on the Mammoth Cheese Weighing Over 7,000 Pounds":


1866 in poetry, Events, Ode on the Mammoth Cheese
McIntyre's poetry is the subject of books in the twentieth century, however, the greatest boost to his fame probably comes from a number of his poems being anthologized in the collection Very Bad Poetry, edited by Ross and Kathryn Petras (Vintage, 1997).


1866 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1866 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1866 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1866.


1866 in science
The year 1866 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1866 in sports
1866 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1866 in sports, Yacht racing
The American schooners Vesta, Henrietta and Fleetwing cross the Atlantic Ocean from Sandy Hook to the Needles, Isle of Wight in the first organised offshore race. The Henrietta, owned by 21-year-old James Gordon Bennett, Jr., and captained by Samuel S. Samuels won the race in 13 days, 21 hours and 55 minutes.


1867
1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1867th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 867th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 67th  year of the 19th century, and the  8th   year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1867, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1867 Angela typhoon
From September 20 to 26 of 1867, the capital Manila of the Captaincy General of the Philippines experienced the full brunt of a storm, which was believed to be a typhoon. Dubbed as the 1867 Angela typhoon, the capital was submerged in floods from the storm. Many ships were either disappeared in waters or destroyed in the shores near Santa Lucia and Tondo, both towns near the Manila Bay. The waves on the said bay was described as "mountainous" by some residents near the coast.


1867 Angela typhoon
A ship from British Hong Kong named as "Malespina" sank near the Ilocos Region, killing an unknown number of passengers and crews with no survivors. The waters on the Abra River overflowed, killing over 1,800 individuals, of which the majority are due to drowning. This would make the typhoon, the fifth deadliest tropical cyclone ever to hit the present-day Philippines. The damages were unknown.


1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact
The typhoon was first tracked overland near Manila on an unknown date. The system likely originated in the waters off the Philippine Sea, far back on September 20. It then started to curve northwestwards, emerging into the Lingayen Gulf on another unknown date, where the barometer on the capital recorded a pressure of 737.30 mm (29.027 inHg, 982.96 mbar) by the early morning of September 27. This is despite being far away from the province. It then turned westwards, being last noted while on the waters of the South China Sea, far away from any landmasses on September 26. This is recorded as the last known date of the typhoon, despite the barometric pressure reported on the system, a day later.


1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact
The Malacañang Palace, which is the residence of the governor-general at that time, José de la Gándara y Navarro, were isolated due to the floods. Some officials there had to use boats to reach the palace, due to the pathways being submerged in waters by an overflowed lake. Typhoon-force winds were present and experienced in the capital and other surrounding areas for over 10 hours. Over seventeen ships were still in the Manila Bay when they experienced the fury of the storm.


1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact
The vessels may have been disappeared and/or wrecked in the shores near the towns of Santa Lucia and Tondo. Some residents near the coast on these areas described the waves in the bay as “mountainous”. Some officials and religious institutions helped some residents that can’t evacuate during the floods to assist them.


1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact
On September 5, the waters of the Abra River overflowed due to the typhoon, reaching over 25 feet above the spilling level. This tragedy killed over 1,800 individuals of which the majority are due to drowning. It also caused an incalculable amount of damage in crops and livestocks across the Ilocos Region, especially Abra.


1867 Angela typhoon, Meteorological history and impact
A ship, dubbed as “Malespina” which departed from British Hong Kong and going to Europe, experienced the full force of the storm and further sank in an unknown place, possibly in the South China Sea on another unknown date. Nothing has been heard from the ship since then. As time passed, the families of the victims started to worried and suspicions started to emerge in the country. Some months later, the commandant of the navy yard in Manila started a widespread searches from the ill-fated ship, all of which they returned with no traces of the large vessel. It was believed that until this day, the history of the ship remained unknown in human knowledge. Many died in the said tragedy, but the numerical amounts were unknown.


1867 Angela typhoon, Aftermath
After the typhoon’s devastation on Luzon, the Ayuntamiento with the consent of Gándara distributed an aid to the victims of the storm, amounting to ₱3,000. A royal decree, which was signed on December 21 that year, described that the expenses were approved for recovery processes and the La Direccion de Adminstracion of the country were instructed to divide the budget for further emergencies.


1867 Angela typhoon, Aftermath
Five months later, on February 18 of the next year, the Army and Navy of Cavite paid a tribute to the victims of the tragedy and their fellow comrades that were also in that ship. The Santo Domingo Church in the area held a solemn high mass that day, to remember the loss of the passengers and crew of the ill-fated ship.


1867 Ashley by-election
The 1867 Ashley by-election was a by-election held on 7 August 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Ashley.


1867 Ashley by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Lancelot Walker. The by-election was won by Henry Tancred.


1867 Ashley by-election
Tancred was unopposed. There were complaints that the nominating booth at the Survey Office in Mount Grey Downs was in the least populated part of the electorate and difficult of access. James Henry Moore, a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council representing the Sefton electorate, suggested that the Road Board Office at Saltwater Creek was more accessible.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1867 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from mid-summer to late-fall. A total of nine known tropical systems developed during the season, with the earliest forming on June 21, and the last dissipating on October 31. On two occasions during the season, two tropical cyclones simultaneously existed with one another; the first time on August 2, and the second on October 9. Records show that 1867 featured two tropical storms, six hurricanes and one major hurricane (Category 3+).


1867 Atlantic hurricane season
However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1867 cyclones Hurricanes Three, Four and Six plus Tropical Cyclones Five and Eight were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. Hurricane One was first identified in 2003 by Cary Mock.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season
The strongest storm of the season was Hurricane Nine, or the San Narciso hurricane. It developed in the Central Atlantic, and moved west to impact the Leeward Islands and Greater Antilles. The storm system was a major Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, meaning the hurricane had maximum sustained winds of 111–130 mph (178–209 km/h). This was the costliest, and deadliest, storm of the season, causing at least $1 million (1867 USD) in damage, and at least 800 deaths across the Caribbean Sea.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
On the morning of June 21, a tropical storm formed approximately 65 mi (105 km) east northeast of Daytona Beach, Florida. Initially below hurricane strength with a maximum sustained wind speed of 60 mph (97 km/h), the tropical storm moved almost due north, while strengthening steadily. By the early hours of June 22, the system had intensified into a Category 1 hurricane, while moving slowly east northeastward. Early on June 23 the hurricane made landfall east of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, with peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). In Charleston a number of roofs were blown away, trees were uprooted and wharves damaged. Outside the city there was considerable damage to crops due to heavy rainfall. Weakening steadily, the system's last known location was near Raleigh, North Carolina, on June 23.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The bark St. Ursula observed a hurricane about 375 mi (600 km) east-northeast of Dominica of July 28. Tracking generally northwestward, the storm changed little in intensity until located to the north of Grand Turk. From there, it proceeded northwestward, and intensified to near Category 1 hurricane status. As it moved to the southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina, the storm attained its peak intensity of 105 mph (165 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 969 mbar (28.6 inHg), based on observations from a ship located about 140 mi (230 km) east of Norfolk, Virginia.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
Shortly thereafter, the cyclone commenced re-curving to the northeast and began a weakening trend, falling to Category 1 strength by early on August 2. Further weakening occurred while the hurricane was located to the west of Sable Island. The storm was last reported to the south of Cape Race on the island of Newfoundland on August 3.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The town of Marblehead, Massachusetts, recorded 11 deaths after a fishing schooner went missing in a gale near Sable Island. On Nantucket, the island reported gale-force winds from the southeast, torrential rainfall, and waves washing over 8 to 10 ft (2.4 to 3.0 m) hills. The winds damaged crops, especially corn and garden vegetables, while toppling large trees, chimneys, and fences. Waves displaced "millions of loads of sand" into Hummock Pond, while also cutting a 100 ft (30 m) channel from the pond into the ocean. At least two additional deaths occurred offshore the East Coast of the United States after a brig sank.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
Early on August 2, a hurricane developed over the central Caribbean Sea. The storm reached an estimated peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h), making it a Category 2 hurricane. The report of the hurricane was based on observations from the ship Suwanee, with no other reports available.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Late on August 31, a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) was reported over the Central Atlantic. Moving generally north to north-northeast, the storm gained no intensity over the next day or so as it passed between the United States East Coast and Bermuda. Late on September 2, the storm retained tropical storm status as it paralleled the coast of Washington, D.C. Retracing to the east at an increasing forward speed, the storm system held its intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h) for the rest of its existence. Observations from the ship Helen R. Cooper confirm that this storm was in fact a hurricane.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
Early on September 8, the schooner Matilda encountered a tropical cyclone two hundred miles to the east of the Leeward Islands. The storm's recorded wind speeds reached no more than 60 mph (97 km/h), and there were no further reports of it on subsequent days.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
Late on September 29, a Category 1 hurricane formed several hundred miles north of the Bahamas. Tracking to the north, the storm system gained very little strength while passing several hundred miles southwest of Savannah, Georgia. It reportedly attained Category 2 hurricane status while located approximately 100 mi (160 km) to the east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, with winds peaking at 100 mph (160 km/h). Spinning to the north-northeast, the hurricane eventually entered a weakening phase, and its last reported location was approximately 285 mi (459 km) northeast of Virginia Beach, Virginia. This hurricane never made landfall.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
Late on October 2, a hurricane formed in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of northeastern Mexico. Holding its intensity, the storm system paralleled the Texas coastline, causing "many" deaths. A storm tide value of 7 feet (2.1 m) was reported in Ludlum (1963), and it is possible that Brownsville, Texas, was in the western eyewall of the hurricane at the storms closest approach. Turning towards Louisiana, the storm made landfall on the state with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
Moving to the east and weakening, the storm made landfall on the state of Florida during the day on October 6. Holding its strength while crossing the Sunshine state, the tropical storm re-emerged into Atlantic waters. Taking a slight turn to the north, it dissipated off the coast of North Carolina on October 9.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
The hurricane struck Texas, near the mouth of the Rio Grande, and devastated Brownsville, Matamoros, and Bagdad. Because of the devastating effects in these three, state authorities sought help from the governors of Nuevo León and Coahuila. The governor of Nuevo León authorized the state to send over 100 bushels of corn; Coahuila's sent 500 loads of flour. Relief was also sent from Veracruz in two vessels. Agriculturalists in Matamoros were allowed to send their goods to Monterrey for storage. The entire population of Bagdad fled, while Matamoros was left nearly in ruins. The official death toll in the area was unknown, but local accounts stated there were at least 26 dead. Entire families disappeared from the area too.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
Most buildings in Brazos Santiago were leveled. Clarksville, two miles inland, was also devastated and shortly later abandoned. Galveston, already in the midst of a yellow fever epidemic, was flooded by a storm surge. The mainland rail bridge, a hotel and  hundreds of homes in the city were washed away. Twelve schooners and a river steamboat were wrecked in the bay there and wharves destroyed. On October 3 high seas and heavy rains flooded New Orleans. Bath houses and a saw mill there were blown away. Houses were also swept away at Milneberg and at Pilottown, Louisiana. The Ship Shoal Light was damaged while the Shell Keys lighthouse was destroyed and its keeper killed. High winds and heavy rainfall continued across southeast Louisiana until October 6, inflicting great damage on crops.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight
This tropical storm is known from having wrecked the schooner Three Sisters on the night of October 9 at Saint Martin in the eastern Caribbean. It may also have been responsible for seven inches of rain falling on Barbados on October 7 but that is uncertain. It is estimated that the storm  reached its peak with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) on October 9.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
The mail steamer Principe Alfonso first observed this cyclone about 750 mi (1,205 km) east-northeast of Barbuda around 00:00 UTC on October 27. Moving westward, the storm intensified, becoming a hurricane on the following day. The system further strengthened into a major hurricane, reaching Category 3 early on October 29. Around that time, the hurricane made landfall on Sombrero Island. The storm peaked with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) and a pressure of 952 mbar (28.1 inHg) shortly before striking Saint Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
Late on October 29, the hurricane struck northeastern Puerto Rico near Fajardo with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). The cyclone quickly weakened to a Category 1 over the island before emerging into the Mona Passage. On October 30, the system struck just southwest of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, as a Category 1 hurricane. Mountainous terrain caused the storm to rapidly weaken and dissipate over Haiti on the following day.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
The hurricane left extensive impact in the British Virgin Islands, with the storm destroying about 100 homes on Virgin Gorda and 60 out of 123 homes on Tortola. Most sugar plantations and many crops were damaged. At least 39 deaths occurred in the British Virgin Islands, including 37 on Tortola and 2 on Peter Island. At Saint Thomas, the hurricane destroyed about 80 ships, including the RMS Rhone. On the island itself, the cyclone caused approximately 600 deaths.


1867 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
A death toll of 211, mostly due to drowning by floods or landslides, was reported on Puerto Rico, while the hurricane destroyed fourteen vessels and sixteen bridges on the island. Extensive damage occurred to the Puerto Rico's agriculture. In Dominican Republic, the cyclone nearly destroyed the city of Santo Domingo and caused about 200 additional deaths.


1867 Avon by-election
The 1867 Avon by-election was a by-election held on 11 March 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Avon.


1867 Avon by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Crosbie Ward.


1867 Avon by-election
The by-election was won by William Reeves, the business partner of Ward. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed.


1867 Avon by-election
Ward died in November 1867 and in May 1868, Reeves resigned as he was unable to stay away from his business for the upcoming 1868 parliamentary session in Wellington. This triggered the 1868 Avon by-election.


1867 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 11 June 1867. In the Senate, where only seats in the provinces of Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders were up for election, the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 33 of the 62 seats. Voter turnout was 52.0%, although only 55,506 people were eligible to vote. The Chamber was not up for election this year.


1867 Belmont Stakes
The 1867 Belmont Stakes was the first running of the Belmont Stakes. It was held on June 19, 1867, at Jerome Park Racetrack in Fordham, Westchester County -- now part of The Bronx.


1867 Belmont Stakes
In a field of four horses, the only filly that entered, Ruthless, won the inaugural event by a head over second place DeCourcey. Instead of having to carry 110 pounds like the other three horses, Ruthless only had to carry 107. For winning, Ruthless's owners received $1,850.


1867 Belmont Stakes
Ruthless was the first of only three fillies to win the Belmont Stakes. The other two are Tanya (1905) and Rags to Riches (2007).


1867 Birthday Honours
The 1867 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1867.


1867 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1867 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1867 saw the election of Nathaniel B. Shurtleff.


1867 California gubernatorial election
The 1867 California gubernatorial election was held on September 4, 1867, to elect the governor of California.


1867 Canadian federal election
The 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first election for the new nation of Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec to the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. The provinces of Manitoba (1870) and British Columbia (1871) were created during the term of the 1st Parliament of Canada and were not part of this election.


1867 Canadian federal election
Sir John A. Macdonald had been sworn in as prime minister by the Governor General, Lord Monck, when the new Canadian nation was founded on 1 July 1867. As leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (concurrently known as the Liberal-Conservative Party until 1873), he led his party in this election and continued as Prime Minister of Canada when the Conservatives won a majority of the seats in the election, including majorities of the seats (and votes) in the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec.


1867 Canadian federal election
The Liberal Party of Canada won the second most seats overall, including a majority of the seats (and votes) in the province of New Brunswick. The Liberals did not have a party leader in the election. George Brown, who was the leader of the Liberal Party of Ontario, was considered the "elder statesman" of the national party. Brown ran concurrently for seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the House of Commons of Canada, and might well have been Prime Minister in the unlikely event that the Liberals prevailed over the Conservatives in the national election. Brown failed to win a seat in either body, and the national Liberals remained officially leaderless until 1873.


1867 Canadian federal election
The Anti-Confederation Party, led by Joseph Howe, won the third most seats overall, based solely on a majority of seats (and votes) in the province of Nova Scotia. Their main desire was the reversal of the decision to join Confederation, which had become highly unpopular in that province. The goals of the Anti-Confederation Members of Parliament (MPs) were openly supported by five of the Liberal MPs of New Brunswick. The Anti-Confederation MPs sat with the Liberal caucus. When the government in Britain refused to allow Nova Scotia to secede, a majority of the Anti-Confederation MPs (11 of 18) moved to the Conservatives.


1867 Canadian federal election
Halifax was a two-member riding at the time of the election, while the City of Saint John was represented by its own district and the County of Saint John. The election in Kamouraska, Quebec was delayed due to rioting.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election
The first Canadian election took place without a uniform set of election laws to govern the selection of members to the House of Commons, an interim measure until Parliament could pass its own election laws, which did not come until 1885. Instead, the election was contested under the rules set by each individual province prior to confederation, and future elections would be contested under provincial rules until a time when federal parliament set their own rules. Because of this, voting rights were inconsistent, as was the method of casting a ballot.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election
The election took place over a six week period from August 7 to September 20, with electoral district polls closing at different dates throughout the period. Under the system each electoral district was required to be polled in one day, but the day did not have to be the same across all electoral districts. The exception to the extended polling period (often called "polling circuits") being Nova Scotia which abolished the practice of polling different districts on different days after excessive violence was reported in the 1843 election.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise
The basic general requirement to vote across provinces was the requirement to be a male British subject 21 years of age or older. Voting was conducted in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia through oral vote which required an eligible elector to declare their choice. New Brunswick adopted a form of secret ballot in 1855, where electors write the name of a candidate on a piece of paper and deposit the vote in a ballot box.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise
In all provinces, women and government employees including civil servants, judges, police and prosecutors were not permitted to vote. Indigenous individuals who met property criteria were excluded from voting eligibility in most provinces if they received a benefit paid by the government.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise
The Ontario elections laws were updated in 1866, with electors were required to meet a property qualification of being a owner or tenant with a property value listed on the assessment roll of $600 in a city, $400 in a town, $300 in an incorporated village, and $100 in a township or police village. Furthermore, urban residents must prove an annual income of at least $250. An estimated 16.5 per cent of the population of Ontario was enfranchised for the 1867 election.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Franchise
In Quebec, the property qualification for being an owner was $300 in urban areas and $200 in rural areas, and a tenant required a rent of $30 in an urban area or $20 in a rural area. Nova Scotia's election laws were passed in 1863, and had a property qualification for owners or tenants of $150, and enfranchised persons with $300 of personal property. while New Brunswick had a property qualification for owners of $100 and an annual income of $400.


1867 Canadian federal election, Election, Electoral districts
Electoral districts were set by the Constitution Act, 1867 on the principal of representation by population. The Act provided Quebec a minimum of 65 seats and seat allotment for the remainder of the country was based by dividing the average population of Quebec's 65 electoral districts to determine the number of seats for other provinces. The Act also specified that distribution and boundary reviews should occur after each 10 year census.


1867 Canadian federal election, Results, Detailed analysis
The election in Kamouraska, Quebec, was cancelled due to rioting at the polling places. No member was elected for the riding until a by-election in 1869.


1867 Central Cumberland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 27 June 1867 because of the resignation of John Hay who was then appointed to the Legislative Council.


1867 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1867, incumbent Republican John Blake Rice won reelection, defeating Democrat Francis Cornwall Sherman by a nearly ten-point margin.


1867 Chicago mayoral election
The election was held on April 16. It was ultimately a rematch of the previous election. This was Chicago's first mayoral election held after the conclusion of the American Civil War.


1867 Chicago mayoral election
This was the final election before a law that would move mayoral elections from April to November.


1867 City of Auckland West by-election
The 1867 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 25 April 1867 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.


1867 City of Auckland West by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, James Williamson.


1867 City of Auckland West by-election
Patrick Dignan was nominated, and as there were no other nominations he was declared elected unopposed.


1867 City of Christchurch by-election
The 1867 City of Christchurch by-election was a by-election held on 13 February 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Christchurch.


1867 City of Christchurch by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James FitzGerald on 3 January 1867.


1867 City of Dunedin by-election
The 1867 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held  on 19 January 1867 in the City of Dunedin electorate in Dunedin during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.


1867 City of Dunedin by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, William Reynolds. In 1867, there was great political turmoil in Otago over the New Zealand Wars fought in the North Island and its associated expenditure, and calls for separation of the South Island from the North Island. At a public meeting called by the Mayor of Dunedin, William Mason, Reynolds and James Paterson, who represented the City of Dunedin, both agreed that they would resign and then see whether they still had public support. Reynolds went ahead with his resignation but Paterson did not.


1867 City of Dunedin by-election
Reynolds stood for re-election, and was confirmed by a large majority.


1867 City of Dunedin by-election
He was opposed by James Gordon Stuart Grant, a local eccentric and frequent candidate who was then a member of the Otago Provincial Council.


1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 1, 1867. It was a rematch of the 1866 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Democratic nominee James E. English defeated incumbent governor, former Civil War general and Republican nominee Joseph Roswell Hawley with 50.52% of the vote.


1867 Connecticut gubernatorial election
As this was held shortly after the end of American Civil War, some aspects of the National Union Party were still present. The Republican convention held in New Haven on January 25 still sometimes referred to itself as the "Union Republican" convention. All references to the National Union label were dropped by the end of the 1860s.


1867 Dalmatian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia (part of today's Croatia) in 1867. The Autonomists claimed victory for the third straight time, while the opposition People's Party narrowed the gap. The results were as follows:


1867 Deiphobus
1867 Deiphobus /diːˈɪfəbəs/ is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 123 kilometers (76 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1971, by Argentine astronomers Carlos Cesco and A. G. Samuel at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina, and later named after the Trojan prince Deiphobus from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans. It is a member of the Ennomos family and has a long rotation period of 58.66 hours.


1867 Deiphobus, Orbit and classification
Deiphobus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the trailing Trojan camp at Jupiter's L5 Lagrangian point, 60° behind its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is a member of the Ennomos family (009), a small Jovian asteroid family with 30 known members, named after 4709 Ennomos. There only a few Jovian families known to date. The Ennomos family was first identified by Jakub Rozehnal and Miroslav Brož in 2011. However, a different HCM-based analysis assigns Deiphobus to the Jovian background population.


1867 Deiphobus, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.4 AU once every 11 years and 7 months (4,241 days; semi-major axis of 5.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 27° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Leoncito in March 1971.


1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics
Deiphobus is characterized as a dark D-type asteroid in the Tholen, Barucci, Tedesco, as well as in the SDSS-based taxonomy.


1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
Several rotational lightcurve have been obtained since 1987, when the first photometric observations of Deiphobus by Linda French at CTIO indicated that the body has longer-than average rotation period of at least 24 hours.(U=2). In February 1994, observations by Stefano Mottola and Anders Erikson, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile, gave a slow rotation period of 58.66±0.18 hours with a brightness variation of 0.27±0.03 magnitude (U=3-).


1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
Since 2015, follow-up observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies measured 58.62 and 58.699, confirming Mottola's long period (U=3-/3-), and superseding other reported periods from fragmentary lightcurves (U=2/1).


1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
While not being a slow rotator, Deiphobus has a much longer rotation period than the vast majority of asteroids, which typically rotate between 2 and 20 hours once around their axis. Among all large Jovian asteroids, only 617 Patroclus has a longer period than Deiphobus.


1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Deiphobus measures between 118.22 and 131.31 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.037 and 0.060. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0396 and a diameter of 122.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.68.


1867 Deiphobus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


1867 Deiphobus, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Trojan warrior, Deiphobus, son of King Priam (also see 108 Hecuba and 884 Priamus). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3935).


1867 East Macquarie colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Macquarie on 26 August 1867 because of the resignation of David Buchanan to return to Scotland.


1867 East Suffolk by-election
The 1867 East Suffolk by-election was held on 20 February 1867 after the resignation of the Conservative MP Sir Edward Kerrison. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Frederick Snowdon Corrance.


1867 East Sydney colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 20 March 1867 because Charles Cowper resigned due to financial difficulties.


1867 English cricket season
1867 was the 81st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Yorkshire achieved a perfect season in first-class cricket, something not likely to be equaled on covered pitches due to the high frequency of drawn matches, and even beforehand much more difficult due to the increased scoring after 1870 produced by the heavy roller and the disappearance of the abundant shooters which previously made batting very tough. The season is, however, best known for a schism between the northern and southern professionals that led to the North v South game, one of the major "representative" fixtures of the time, being suspended for several years because northern professionals refused to play in London for want of better conditions.


1867 Goldfields West colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields West on 26 February 1867 because of the resignation of Stephen Donnelly.


1867 Grand National
The 1867 Grand National was the 29th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 6 March 1867.


1867 Iowa Senate election
In the 1867 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twelfth Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 48 to 49 seats in 1867, elections were held for 34 of the state senate's 49 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1867 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election in 1865, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 42 seats to Democrats' six seats.


1867 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 19 Senate seats.


1867 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 40 seats, Democrats having eight seats, and a lone seat for the People's Party (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats and 1 seat for the People's Party).


1867 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1867 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1867. Republican nominee Samuel Merrill defeated Democratic nominee Charles Mason with 62.93% of the vote.


1867 Italian general election
Bettino Ricasoli resigned as Prime Minister of Italy on 10 March 1867, due to a recalcitrant Italian Chamber. The chamber disapproved of his agreements with the Vatican regarding the repatriation of certain religious properties. Subsequent to his resignation, general elections were held in Italy on 10 March 1867; with the second round of voting on 17 March 1867. These snap elections resulted in Urbano Rattazzi being elected once again to office.


1867 Italian general election
Due to the restrictive Italian electoral laws of the time, only 504,265 Italian men, out of a total population of around 26 million, were entitled to vote. The voters were largely aristocrats, rentiers, and capitalists, who tended to hold moderate political views, including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.


1867 Italian general election, Electoral campaign
The opposition to Ricasoli was mainly organized by former Prime Minister Rattazzi, a moderate member of the Historical Left, who had entered into a coalition with the Historical Right in Piedmont fifteen years earlier. Even though Italian elections were officially non-partisan, the political conflict was so evident that the election became a match between these two political heavyweights.


1867 Italian general election, Electoral campaign
The 1867 election was a great defeat for Ricasoli, who thereafter retired to private life. However, while Ricasoli lost, Rattazzi did not receive a clear mandate, especially during the second part of the traditional two-round system. Many Independent candidates, who were ready to support any government that would support their local interests, were lukewarm supporters at best. Ultimately, Rattazzi was charged by the king to form a new government, but the fickle leftist faction abandoned him, forcing Rattazzi to form a new coalition. This was typical of Italian politics of the day, which were officially non-partisan with no structured parties. Voters instead were influenced more by localism and corruption, rather than loyalty to any leader or party.


1867 Italian general election, Electoral campaign
Rattazzi tried to form a centrist government consisting of his centre-left moderate faction, some Independents, and the Historical Right. These groups agreed to the coalition in order to later regain control. However, despite his efforts, Rattazzi's victory was ephemeral, similar to his first term as Prime Minister in 1862: barely six months later he was unable to stop an armed attack by a national hero, Giuseppe Garibaldi, upon the Papal State. The King, seeing that Rattazzi was ineffective, quickly forced his resignation. Senator Federico Luigi Menabrea then took over as Prime Minister, with the Historical Right regaining full control of the government.


1867 Kaiapoi by-election
The 1867 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 5 July 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Kaiapoi.


1867 Kaiapoi by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Beswick on 24 April 1867.


1867 Kaiapoi by-election
The by-election was won by John Studholme. As there were no other candidates, he was declared duly elected.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum
The U.S. state of Kansas held a referendum on a proposed constitutional amendment to grant women the full right to vote on November 5, 1867. It was the first-ever referendum on women's suffrage in U.S. history, and specifically sought to amend Section 1, Article 5 of the state constitution to "eliminate the word "male" from the clause defining the qualifications of an elector."


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum
The amendment had been approved by the legislature, but had to be ratified by the all-white-male electorate of the state; the proposed amendment shared the November ballot with a proposition to "eliminate the word "white" from the clause defining the qualifications of an elector" and allow African-American males the right to vote. The results of the Kansas election saw both ballot items defeated.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Background
In the summer of 1865, Republicans proposed a Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that would enfranchise the two million newly freed black men. This was the first time the word "male" would be introduced into the Constitution, and women were now explicitly not guaranteed the right to vote. Thus, suffragists, in an effort to secure their political rights alongside freedmen, resolved to combine the abolitionist and suffragist movements into one Equal Rights Association, an idea officially proposed by female suffrage activists Lucy Stone and Susan B. Anthony at an antislavery meeting in January, 1866.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Background
The suffragists believed they had support for the proposal from the abolitionists, who had previously supported their cause. However, when the Republican Party chose to make black suffrage part of their program during Reconstruction the Republicans began to collaborate more closely with the abolitionists, and by 1867, most were full supporters of the Republican Party. The Republican party believed that black suffrage, which was a party measure in national politics held far more prospects than women's suffrage, and the Republican cry was "this is the negro's hour."


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns
After the defeat in New York in 1867, Samuel Newitt Wood, leader of a rebel faction of the state Republican Party, arrived in Kansas by request of Stone, and invited the Equal Rights Association to help launch their women's suffrage campaign. Wood had emigrated to Kansas to prevent the extension of slavery. A true abolitionist and successful politician, Wood won election to the Kansas senate in 1867. Though he genuinely cared about women's suffrage, Wood also hoped to make his campaign in Kansas a success so that he could get enough recognition to run for national office.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns
He directed a strong rights campaign, forcing the Republican Kansas legislature to submit two separate bills for black and women's suffrage. The Equal Rights Association tried to sway the abolitionists to campaign alongside them, but received no response. Wood, supported both women's and black suffrage, but was accused of being only interested in women's suffrage. Many abolitionists began to question Wood's motives when they thought he opposed black suffrage as a member of the house in 1864. They began to heavily criticize his campaign, accusing him of promoting women's suffrage only to defeat black suffrage.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns
Wood actually supported Impartial Suffrage, supporting both the rights of blacks and women. Nonetheless, the equal rights campaign managed to stay afloat through the spring of 1867, due to a large female populace in Kansas that produced "the largest and most enthusiastic meetings and any one of our audiences would give a majority for women."


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns
The 1867 defeat of women's suffrage in New York strengthened the Republicans' position against women's suffrage, and on August 31, they opened their anti-female suffrage campaign in Kansas. By the time Stanton and Anthony arrived in September, Anthony wrote that "the mischief done was irreparable," and the universal equal rights campaign, faced with a fierce Republican anti-suffragist campaign and the refusal of support from ambivalent abolitionists, had fallen apart. Stanton and Anthony, desperate for support, looked towards the Democrats, who made up one-fourth of the Kansas legislature.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Campaigns
They, however, expressed opposition to both women's and black suffrage and refused to lend aid. One wealthy Democrat, George Francis Train, a former Copperhead, was willing to help Anthony and Stanton. Train was blatantly racist, and he campaigned by attacking black suffrage. Though his racist standpoint conflicted with the policy set forth by the Equal Rights Association, Stanton and Anthony, with no other political allies to turn to, chose to work with Train to keep women's suffrage alive in Kansas, although they had long been abolitionists.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Result
The results of the Kansas election saw both women's and black suffrage defeated, with black suffrage receiving 10,483 votes and women's receiving 9,070. With the defeat, equal rights activists were forced to realize that their campaign had failed.


1867 Kansas suffrage referendum, Result
The failure of the campaign stemmed from the tensions within the Equal Rights Association. The major problem arose from the fact that many members were "feminists" and abolitionists torn between supporting suffrage, or fighting for freedmen and women at the same time. While African-American men in Kansas would gain the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, it would take two decades for women of all races in Kansas to win suffrage in municipal elections (in 1887), and it would take until 1912 for women to vote in all elections in Kansas.


1867 Liberian general election
Presidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1867. The result was a victory for James Spriggs Payne of the Republican Party, defeating Opposition Party candidate Edward James Roye. The election was very close, with the House of Representatives required to decide the final outcome.


1867 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Friday 1 November 1867. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.


1867 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result
Because of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.


1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 1 November 1867
Caused by the retirement of Councillor Edward Lawrence (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 2 November 1865).


1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By Election, 4 April 1867
Following the death of Alderman James Parker, reported to the Council on 1 April 1868, John Weightman was elected as an alderman on 4 April 1868.


1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 5, Exchange, 22 April 1868
Caused by the death of Councillor William Barry (Liberal, Exchange, elected unopposed 1 November 1866) which was reported to the Council on 29 April 1868


1867 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 5, Exchange, June 1868
Caused by the resignation of Councillor John Swainson (Exchange, elected 1 November 1865) , reported to the Council on 3 June 1868


1867 Lyttelton by-election
The 1867 Lyttelton by-election was a by-election held on 1 July 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Lyttelton.


1867 Lyttelton by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Hargreaves.


1867 Lyttelton by-election
The by-election was won by George Macfarlan. Another candidate—George Agar—was proposed, but did not find a seconder, hence Macfarlan was declared elected.


1867 Macedonian rebellion
The 1867 Macedonian rebellion (Greek: Μακεδονική επανάσταση του 1867) was a Greek rebellion which aimed at resisting against the arbitrariness of the local Ottoman dynasts, asserting the rights of the Macedonian Greeks in the area, as well as indirect aiding the already ongoing Cretan Revolt.


1867 Macedonian rebellion
The rebellion took place mainly in the area of Western Macedonia and it peaked with the capture of Mariovo and its proclamation as "Free Greece".


1867 Macedonian rebellion, Background
In 1866 the Great Cretan Revolution broke out. Simultaneously there appear other revolutionary bases throughout the Greek-inhabited Ottoman Empire, like Thessaly, Epirus. At the end of April 1866, Leonidas Voulgaris disembarked on Ormylia in Chalchidiki, at the head of an armed force, and united with the local fighters under captain Georgios from the Mademochoria. The activities of this force ended on June of the same year because of the quick response of the powerful Ottoman forces garrisoned in the area, after the Greek government itself notified the Ottoman authorities to avoid a diplomatic incident. In Western Macedonia and specifically in Monastir, which was the center of Greek culture in the area, operated a nationalist association called "Kazino", since 1852. Revolutionary brewings started in 1866 because of the Cretan Revolution and various armed groups, under Greek Macedonian leaders, entered Macedonia from Greece in this period.


1867 Macedonian rebellion, Background
In 1867 the "New Filiki Etaireia" was founded in Monastir by Greek Macedonians, such as the educator Anastasios Pichion from Ohrid, the gymnasium headmaster Nikolaos Filippidis from Monastir, the doctor Ioannis Argyropoulos from Kleisoura, Kastoria. They were joined by many others such as the Nymfaians Michael and Anastasios Tsirlis, as well as Ioannis Boutaris (great-great-grandfather of the mayor of Thessaloniki Yiannis Boutaris). The organisation aimed at the morally elevating Macedonian Hellenism and conducting revolutionary operations.


1867 Macedonian rebellion, Revolt
During the Cretan Revolt, the appropriate distraction was found and a coordinated revolt commenced, armed bands of Macedonian klephts who had trained on guerilla warfare for some time, in the Macedonian mountains. The most important were, Naoum Kyrou from Antartiko, A. Kordistas from Nymfaio, Nikolaos Pinis (also known as Kole Pinas) from Flampouro, brothers Nikolaos and Stefanos Dalipis from Sfika, Naoum Konstantinidis (Orlinis) from Ieropigi, Kastoria and his lieutenant Naidos, Arkoudas, Giaresis and others.


1867 Macedonian rebellion, Revolt
After continuous battles with Ottoman forces in the area, they managed to take control of the area of Mariovo, which they declared "Free Greece". The general revolt ended in fall of 1867, when the rebels withdrew because of winter, but also because of pressure from the Ottoman army. For the next two years the situation was unstable, as armed  Macedonians frequently clashed with Ottoman forces. Though these actions were uncoordinated and soon the revolution ended completely.


1867 Macedonian rebellion, Aftermath
The outcome of the revolt was predetermined, as the rebels were isolated in Western Macedonia, surrounded by significant numbers of Ottoman troops. Already since the summer of 1867 the revolutionary cells in Thessaly and Epirus had been suppressed and there was no prospect of aid from the Greek state. Greece offered no help, and soon the revolt was crushed. What it managed to do however was to rouse Macedonian Hellenism and create a new lot of rebels, who had to become klephts in the mountains, in order to survive. Therefore, a significant reserve of fighters was created who would come to be useful in the future.


1867 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1867 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 9, 1867. Incumbent Republican Governor and war hero Joshua Chamberlain defeated the Democratic candidate Eben F. Pillsbury.


1867 Maine gubernatorial election, General election, Results
Chamberlain won reelection to a second term, and won a majority of 11,723 votes.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake
The 1867 Manhattan earthquake struck Riley County, Kansas, in the United States on April 24, 1867 at 20:22 UTC, or about 14:30 local time. The strongest earthquake to originate in the state, it measured 5.1 on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event's felt area. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Manhattan.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake
The earthquake had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused minor damage, reports of which were confined to Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, according to the United States Geological Survey. Felt over an area of 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2), the earthquake reached the states of Indiana, Illinois, and possibly Ohio, though the latter reports have been questioned.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake
Manhattan is near the Nemaha Ridge, a long anticline structure that is bounded by several faults. The nearby Humboldt Fault Zone in particular poses a threat to the city. Kansas is not known for earthquake activity, but an earthquake could occur at any time. A 2016 hazard map from the United States Geological Survey estimated a 1% or lower risk for a major earthquake in Kansas for the following year, though scientists from the agency think an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 remains possible.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography
The earthquake's epicenter was near Manhattan, Kansas, a town just off the confluence of the Kansas River and the Big Blue River. Manhattan lies near the Nemaha Ridge, an anticline and 300‑million-year-old Precambrian granite range bounded by faults, which likely produced the earthquake. It hosts the Humboldt Fault Zone, which, in addition to serving as the range's easternmost boundary, has produced a large portion of the state's earthquakes. A normal, or dip-slip fault, it is responsible for at least several small tremors smaller than magnitude 2.7 each year. The fault cuts through Permian rock. Despite being previously thought to be a simple, Precambrian structure, according to the Geological Society of America, it may be a complex fault.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography
The Nemaha Range lies roughly 50 miles (80 km) east of the Midcontinent rift, which forms a layer of basaltic rock about 1.1 billion years old. This rift extends northward to Lake Superior and the surrounding area and southward to Kansas, then terminates abruptly. Also present in the state is the Central Kansas Uplift, the faults of which produced several small earthquakes during the late 1980s. According to United States Geological Survey geophysicist Don Steeples, earthquakes at the Humboldt Zone have decreased, and activity at the Uplift was increasing as of the 1980s.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography
Felt over an area of 193,000 square miles (500,000 km2), with other sources listing the felt area as 300,000 square miles (780,000 km2) or 95,000 square miles (250,000 km2), the 1867 earthquake followed the Midcontinent seismic trend: unlike coastal earthquakes in the United States, events in the central and east-central sectors of the country are spread out over extensive areas. This occurs as a result of the region's stiff soil, and because earthquakes in Kansas tend to occur at a shallow depth.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Background and geography
The 1867 Manhattan earthquake remains the largest earthquake to originate in the state, though at least 25 have taken place since, including another powerful earthquake 10 miles (16 km) north of Manhattan in Pottawatomie County. In 2016, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake with an epicenter in Oklahoma shook the Manhattan area. According to a report in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, the frequency of moderately strong earthquakes within the state is between 40 and 45 years. One study found that between December 1977 and June 1989, more than 100 earthquakes were recognized by a seismograph network. All were between 4.0 and 0.8 on the Richter magnitude scale.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
Originating at 20:22 UTC, or around 2:30 local time, the earthquake was assigned a maximum Mercalli intensity scale of VII, considered "very strong". Minor damage occurred throughout the geographical region, including 22 counties in Kansas, and injuries were reported as well. The earthquake fractured walls, downed chimneys, and otherwise damaged structures, even loosening stones. Within the epicentral area near Manhattan, clocks stopped, people felt electrical shocks and inhabitants were frightened. The following day, an aftershock occurred between 3 and 4 a.m. Damage within Manhattan and a number of other communities may have been exacerbated by their location within alluvial valleys.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
At a farm 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the city of Wamego, the earthquake caused liquefaction of the ground. To the north of Wamego, in the city of Louisville, the earthquake knocked over horses. In both Louisville and the city of Leavenworth, chimneys fell; in Paola, the earthquake destroyed one wall of a large Republican newspaper office building. Waves were observed on the Kansas River, reaching 2.0 feet (0.6 m) in height. The city of Atchison felt two shocks, which felled lamps and bottles at a drug store, rocked buildings, and disrupted water flow in rivers and creeks. Though no buildings in the city sustained damage, people fled into the streets.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
In Emporia, the earthquake was accompanied by a low rumbling sound, windows rattled, and small boxes were thrown off of shelves as people fled buildings. The city's brick and stone houses sustained more damage than framed homes. The city of Fort Scott only experienced trembling, whereas Iola had houses and tableware shake. In Holton, items were knocked off shelves, and buildings shook. Residents of Irving also heard rumbling prior to the earthquake, experiencing severe tremors that lasted 30 seconds, while buildings in Junction City shook violently, moving several inches. In Kansas City, tables moved, walls cracked, water spilled from glasses, plaster cracked, and the shaking caused general panic.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
The city of Lawrence felt three earthquakes within 30 seconds, with violent shaking of doors and windows, broken plaster, a rumbling noise, stones knocked off a local church, rattling of silverware and glassware, and the overturning of a stove in one home. Similarly, in the city of Leavenworth, three shocks were felt over 30 seconds. In Leavenworth, a man was knocked off a hayload, a rumbling noise was heard, and clocks stopped.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
Moreover, saws leaning against walls were moved 6 inches (15 cm), plaster at one home cracked for the entire length of the house's ceiling, and one woman experienced an electrical shock from spring water. In the city of Lecompton, one of the buildings at Lane University shook, and a high school in the city of Marysville also shook violently.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
Within Montgomery County, people in moving vehicles did not feel the earthquake. Houses shook in Mound City, Ottawa, and Olathe, as well as in the city of Oskaloosa, where the cupola (a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure) of a new school wobbled. In Paola, people standing were nearly knocked over during the earthquake. A train on the Pacific Railroad in Solomon shook violently, and was stopped and evacuated out of fear that its boiler would explode. In Topeka, the capital city of Kansas, the ceiling of a Methodist church was bent, and nearly all of the windows in one schoolhouse were destroyed. Two shocks were felt in the city of White Cloud, and sleeping people were awakened in Wyandotte County.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
Reports from the states of Iowa and Missouri, including descriptions of fallen plaster in Dubuque, shaking of buildings and people in rocking chairs in Des Moines, and fallen and cracked plaster in Chillicothe, complement additional reports of fallen plaster and roof shingles, damaged wells, and cracked walls. Other events reported in Dubuque included three shocks, which caused vibration of gas burners; general panic among residents; rattling of windows; shaking of chairs, cases holding newspapers, and windows; and holes in brick walls.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
In the city of St. Joseph in Missouri, the windows broke, women fainted, and a rumbling noise could be heard. Within the city, a new school building's brick walls cracked several feet above the ground as people fled into the streets. In Warrensburg, Missouri, the walls of a church shook, but there was no damage.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
The earthquake also extended into the states of Indiana and Illinois, according to the United States Geological Survey, and a questionable report came from Carthage in Ohio that a segment of the ground, 1 acre (0.40 ha) in area, sunk by 10 feet (3.0 m), forming a perpendicular wall 10-foot (3.0 m) deep on each of its sides.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Damage and casualties
A series of articles published by the Chicago Tribune describes the extent of the damage throughout the state of Kansas. The article "At Kansas City" details that the earthquake jolted homes with a sudden burst, giving off a resonating roar like thunder. The Tribune observed in its article "At Leavenworth, Kansas" that the earthquake was completely unexpected, describing the event as "[...] sudden in its coming and departure." It confirmed that earthquakes were not common in earlier times and stated that "all were more or less startled, and, indeed, frightened."


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Future threats
Although Kansas is not seismically active, a strong earthquake could pose significant threats to the state. If an earthquake were to occur, it would likely be along the Nemaha Ridge, which is still active. The Humboldt Fault Zone, just off the Ridge, lies just 12 miles (19 km) east of the Tuttle Creek Reservoir near Manhattan. An earthquake there would likely destroy the dam, releasing 300,000 feet (91,440 m) of water per second and flooding the nearby area, which would threaten roughly 13,000 people and 5,900 homes.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Future threats
The United States Army Corps of Engineers concluded that a moderate earthquake "between 5.7 and 6.6 would cause sand underneath the dam to liquefy into quicksand, causing the dam to spread out and the top to drop up to three feet." A large earthquake would spawn gaps, forcing water to leak and eventually cause the dam to collapse. Earthquakes that could pose a threat to the dam occur on a cycle of roughly 1,800 years. To counter this threat, the Corps of Engineers has galvanized an effort to strengthen the dam. Replacing the sand (which could shift during an earthquake) with more than 350 walls, the group has equipped the dam with sensors, which are connected to alarms that would alert nearby citizens to the earthquake.


1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake, Future threats
More than 500 earthquakes have been measured in the state since 2013, contributing to the reactivation of ancient fault lines. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey made hazard maps for the state, determining a 1% or lower risk of a major earthquake within the next year. Because Sedgwick County and Wichita could both potentially experience shaking from earthquakes that could not be withstood according to existing building codes, officials in the area proposed changing building codes to meet perceived hazards. Scientists at the United States Geological Survey think an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 remains possible, possibly originating from the Nemaha Ridge where the Manhattan quake was produced.


1867 Manuherikia by-election
The 1867 Manuherikia by-election was a by-election held on 29 November 1864 in the Manuherikia electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.


1867 Manuherikia by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Baldwin on 15 February 1867.


1867 Manuherikia by-election
The by-election was contested by David Mervyn and John Jack. When Jack won the "show of hands" at the nomination meeting, the by-election was demanded and won by Mervyn.


1867 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1867 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1867. Incumbent Governor Thomas Swann did not run for re-election.


1867 Maryland gubernatorial election
Democratic Party candidate Oden Bowie defeated Republican candidate Hugh Lennox Bond.


1867 Maryland gubernatorial election
Bowie took his oath of office on January 8, 1868, but by a provision of the 1867 State Constitution, he did not actually become Governor until January 13, 1869.


1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 5.


1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
Governor Alexander Bullock was re-elected to a third term in office, defeating Democrat John Quincy Adams II.


1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican nomination, Results
There was a motion to re-nominate Bullock by acclamation, but it was rejected and withdrawn. Nonetheless, Bullock easily won on the first ballot against scattered opposition.


1867 Massachusetts legislature
The 88th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1867 during the governorship of Republican Alexander Bullock. Joseph Adams Pond served as president of the Senate and James M. Stone served as speaker of the House.


1867 Massachusetts legislature
"In 1867 the Republican power in the Legislature was total in the Senate, 40 Republicans out of forty seats. In the House the numbers rose to 230 Republicans as against but 10 Democrats."


1867 Melbourne Cup
The 1867 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Thursday, 31 October 1867.


1867 Melbourne Cup
This year was the seventh running of the Melbourne Cup. Just like in 1866 the race saw two horses with the same name take part. Both horses were called Tim Whiffler. To avoid another mix up the horses where referred to as 'Melbourne Tim' and 'Sydney Tim'. ' Sydney Tim' was trained by Etienne De Mestre who trained Archer to win the first two Melbourne Cups. ' Sydney Tim' won the AJC Derby on route to a 2 length win as 5/2 favourite. ' Melbourne Tim' ran fifth while Exile the previous year's runner up finished third.


1867 Melbourne Cup
The Tim Whiffler's who ran in this race are not to be confused with Tim Whiffler son of 'Sydeny Tim' who won the Great Northern Derby in New Zealand in 1881 nor an English sire also named Tim Whiffler who was brought to Australia and sired future cup winners Briseis and Darriwell.


1867 Melbourne Cup
The race was run in October for the only time in its history. The winning time of 3:39.0 was at the time the fastest winning time in the race's history.


1867 Melbourne Cup
This is the list of placegetters for the 1867 Melbourne Cup.


1867 Mexican constitutional referendum
A referendum on constitutional reform was held in Mexico on 22 September 1867. After the execution of the Emperor Maximilian,  reinstated President Benito Juárez adopted a decree on 14 August 1867 that called for general elections and five constitutional reforms:


1867 Mexican constitutional referendum
The referendum was held alongside general elections. The newly elected Congress opposed the growing power of the President and referred to articles 40 and 127 of the Constitution of 1857, which set up a purely representative system and gave only Congress the right to change the Constitution. In a compromise, Juárez was re-elected but the referendum results were not counted. Juárez said he had called the referendum only because of extraordinary circumstances, and the Congress was satisfied by a reprimand to the President.


1867 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico in 1867. In the presidential election,  incumbent president Benito Juárez was re-elected with 72% of the vote.


1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1867 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent governor William Rainey Marshall was reelected to a second term.


1867 Mitchell colonial by-election
The Mitchell colonial by-election, 1867 was a by-election held on 4 January 1867 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.


1867 Mitchell colonial by-election, History
On 22 November 1866, Theodore Harden, the member for Mitchell, resigned. Edward Lamb won the resulting by-election on 4 January 1867.


1867 New York state election
The 1867 New York state election was held on November 5, 1867, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1867 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on October 3 and 4 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. Mayor of New York John T. Hoffman was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Ex-Governor Horatio Seymour as President.


1867 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 25 at Syracuse, New York. James Gibson was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Roscoe Conkling as Permanent Chairman. James B. McKean was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: McKean 270, Francis C. Barlow [incumbent] 101, Gen. Hudson Lawrence 6). Calvin T. Hulburd was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Hulburd 238, Thomas Hillhouse [incumbent] 136). Theodore B. Gates was nominated for State Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Gates 207, Alonzo B. Cornell 133, Frederick Juliand 27, Erastus S. Prosser 2).


1867 New York state election, History
Archibald C. Powell was nominated for State Engineer by acclamation. John M. Hammond was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Hammond 195, Benjamin Carpenter 139, Claudius V. B. Baerst 25, D. B. Palmer 6). Gilbert De La Matyr was nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot (vote: De La Matyr 199, David P. Forrest [incumbent] 107, H. Chisler 43, Henry L. Robinson 15, Mortimer Wait 6). Charles Mason was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Mason 209, Thomas A. Johnson 113). Hulburd declined to run, and Thomas Hillhouse was then substituted on the ticket by the State Committee.


1867 New York state election, Results
17 Republicans and 15 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1868–69) in the New York State Senate.


1867 Northern Division by-election
The 1867 Northern Division by-election was a by-election to the New Zealand House of Representatives, during the term of the 4th Parliament on 1 July. The Northern Division electorate was a mostly rural electorate in the northern Auckland region.


1867 Northern Division by-election
The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Thomas Henderson. The nomination meeting was held on 24 June at the pilot station in Devonport (Flagstaff) on the North Shore. Henry Balneavis was the returning officer. Captain Isaac Cooper (a member of the Auckland Provincial Council) and Thomas Macfarlane were the candidates put forward. Macfarlane had prominent backers, with Patrick Dignan (member of the house of representatives) and David Sheehan (member of the provincial council) proposing and seconding the nomination.


1867 Northern Division by-election
Captain Cooper was nominated by Captain Gladwyn Wynyard (the son of Auckland's first Superintendent, Robert Wynyard) and seconded by Philip Callan (a landowner, builder and publican on the North Shore). Macfarlane was Henderson's business partner. A show of hands was thirteen to six in favour of Macfarlane, with Cooper demanding a poll. The polling date was set for 1 July.


1867 Northern Division by-election
Macfarlane had very strong support at the principal polling station on the North Shore, with 124 votes to 29. Due to the rural nature of the electorate, it took a few more days for all the results to come in and the final result was released on 6 July. Macfarlane won by a large margin, similar to the margin achieved at the principal polling place, and was declared elected.


1867 Nova Scotia general election
The 1867 Nova Scotia general election was held on 18 September 1867 to elect members of the 24th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was the first general election in Nova Scotia after Confederation, and was won by the Anti-Confederation Party.


1867 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1867 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1867. Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democratic nominee Allen G. Thurman with 50.31% of the vote.


1867 Ontario general election
The 1867 Ontario general election was the first general election held in the newly created Province of Ontario, Canada. Previously, the territory was known as Canada West, a part of the Province of Canada. The election was held on September 3, 1867, to elect the 82 members of the 1st Legislative Assembly (MLAs). The dates of the election in 1867 varied from August 20 to September 26.


1867 Ontario general election
The Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, and the Ontario Liberal Party, led by Archibald McKellar, each won 41 seats. A coalition government was formed under the leadership of Macdonald.


1867 Ontario general election
Votes were recorded orally. Voter eligibility was only 13% of the population.


1867 Open Championship
The 1867 Open Championship was the eighth Open Championship and was held on 26 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Tom Morris, Sr. won the championship for the fourth time, by two shots from Willie Park, Sr. Tom Morris, Sr. was 46 years old and remains the oldest Open Championship winner.


1867 Open Championship
For the first time, an amateur, William Doleman, led after a first round of 55, a stroke ahead of Robert Andrew. Doleman had a second round 66 and dropped out of contention. Tom Morris, after a round of 54, went into the lead with Willie Park and Robert Andrew two shots behind. Andrew had a final round of 65 to drop him out of the prize money. Andrew Strath had the best final round of 56 to finish third, while young Tom Morris finished with prize money for the first time.


1867 Orange colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Orange on 3 July 1867 because William Forlonge was insolvent and resigned his seat.


1867 Parnell by-election
The 1867 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 5 June 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland electorate of Parnell.


1867 Parnell by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Frederick Whitaker.


1867 Parnell by-election
The by-election was won by Charles Heaphy. Major Heaphy (VC) was unopposed, and hence was then declared elected.


1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election
The 1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member then single member Pensioner Settlements electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament, on 5 August 1867.


1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Paul Frederick de Quincey on 1 July 1867.


1867 Pensioner Settlements by-election
Kerr was declared duly elected as the only eligible candidate, as Mr J. J. Jackson's name was not on the current electoral roll (though he was registered for next year). Jackson had been proposed by Hugh McNeil and seconded by John Lord.


1867 Picton by-election
The 1867 Picton by-election was a by-election held on 25 July 1867 in the Picton electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.


1867 Picton by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Arthur Beauchamp on 12 July 1867. He had been elected on 14 March 1866 (see 1866 New Zealand general election), but did not have the private income then required to be a parliamentarian.


1867 Picton by-election
The by-election was won by William Adams. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.


1867 Port Chalmers by-election
The 1867 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 15 June 1867 in the Port Chalmers electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.


1867 Port Chalmers by-election
The by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP Thomas Dick. The by-election was won by David Forsyth Main.


1867 Port Chalmers by-election, Results
The following table gives the election result, which was contested by five candidates, although Main and Captain Malcolm were the only serious contenders:


1867 Quebec general election
The 1867 Quebec general election was held in August and September 1867 to elect members of the First Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.


1867 Quebec general election, Creation of Quebec
The province of Quebec was created on July 1, 1867, with the proclamation of the British North America Act, 1867. That Act united the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into Canada. The Province of Canada was split into two provinces, with Canada East (formerly Lower Canada) becoming the new province of Quebec. The Legislature of Quebec was composed of the Lieutenant Governor, representing the Queen;  the elected Legislative Assembly, with sixty-five seats;  and the appointed Legislative Council.


1867 Quebec general election, Creation of Quebec
Because the old Province of Canada was dissolved on July 1, 1867, the former government ceased to exist, with no formal provisions for the creation of the government of Quebec. The first prime minister of Canada, Sir John A. Macdonald, had planned to have the experienced Quebec politician, Joseph-Édouard Cauchon, appointed as the first premier. However, the proposal met strong opposition from Montreal anglophones, based on Cauchon's position on public and religious schools, which was a major political issue at the time.


1867 Quebec general election, Creation of Quebec
As a compromise candidate, the Quebec Conservatives proposed Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, who had political experience in the Province of Canada but had been out of electoral politics for twelve years. Chauveau was generally acceptable to Quebec Conservatives, and on July 15, 1867, the Lieutenant Governor appointed him as the first premier of Quebec.


1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote
The right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 and older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of cities and towns, the qualification was being the owner, tenant or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars, or at an assessed yearly value of thirty dollars. For residents of townships and parishes, the requirements were either an assessment of two hundred dollars, or an assessed yearly value of twenty dollars.


1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote
Women were expressly prohibited from voting, "for any Electoral Division whatever".


1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote
Judges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with duties relating to public revenue. Election officials were also barred from voting.


1867 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Qualification for the Legislative Assembly
Candidates for the Legislative Assembly had to meet a significant property qualification. A candidate had to own real property in the Province of Canada, worth at least £500 in British sterling, over and above any encumbrances on the property.


1867 Quebec general election, Party structure
Chauveau appointed the first Cabinet, and then called the first general election for Quebec. Chauveau had been a member of the Parti Bleu when he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, and the Bleus were transitioning into the new Conservative party of Quebec. The Bleus had been well-organised under the leadership of George-Étienne Cartier, and the new Conservative party inherited that structure.


1867 Quebec general election, Party structure
On the other hand, the liberals in the new province were not well-organised. The old Parti Rouge had opposed the confederation project, and had tended to split on that issue. Transitioning into the Liberal Party of Quebec, they did not have a strong party structure going into the election. They did not field a complete slate of candidates, and did not even have a leader, as many of their influential leaders had opted for federal politics and were now in Ottawa. Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière was the informal leader of the Liberals, because of his political experience in the former Province of Canada.


1867 Quebec general election, Electoral map
The Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or "ridings". The 1867 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The 1867 election was conducted under the election laws of the Province of Canada, which had been continued until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The electoral process of the Province of Canada in turn had been based on the traditional British electoral process, without a secret ballot. Instead, elections were public affairs, with each voter publicly stating the name of the candidate they voted for.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The election process began with writs of election issued by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, one for each constituency (also called a "riding"). The writ was directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency and required the Returning Officer to hold a public nomination of candidates, and if necessary a poll, on days to be chosen by the Returning Officer.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
On the nomination day, the Returning Officer held a public meeting "in the open air", at a central place in the constituency, and in a place where the public had access, such as in front of a town hall or church in the constituency. The Returning Officer addressed the assembled members of the public from a platform, called a "husting", and called for nominations. If only one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would close the nominations and declare that person elected. If more than one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would grant a poll, to be held at a future date, chosen by the Returning Officer.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
On polling day, polls would be held across the constituency. The polls were in held in the open air, or in buildings close to the highways, with free access by the public. It was prohibited to hold a poll in a "tavern or place of public entertainment". The Returning Officer would appoint a Deputy Returning Officer for each polling place, normally the town clerk or other municipal official. Each Deputy Returning Officer would have a poll book. Qualified voters would appear before the Deputy Returning Officer and declare how they voted.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The Deputy Returning Officer would record each voter's vote in the poll book. At the close of the polls, the Deputy Returning Officers would deliver the poll books to the Returning Officer. The Returning Officer would then total all of the polls in public, at the place where the nominations had occurred, declare which candidate was elected, and issue a proclamation declaring the election closed. The Returning Officer would then send a report of the election with the return of the writ to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, within fifteen days after the closing of the election.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The elections for the sixty-five provincial constituencies were not all conducted on the same day. The writs of election for each constituency gave the Returning Officer the discretion to set the original nomination day, and the subsequent date for the polling, if more than one candidate were nominated. The 1867 election was spread across the months of August and September.


1867 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
One unusual event in the 1867 elections was that the constituency of Kamouraska did not return a member. On nomination day, a riot broke out and the Returning Officer had to seek refuge from the rioters. No nominations were received and no polling date was set. Kamouraska did not have a member in the Legislative Assembly until after a by-election was successfully held in 1869.


1867 Quebec general election, Results
The result of the election was a Conservative victory. The Conservatives were maintained in office with a strong majority. The Liberals won only twelve seats.


1867 Quebec general election, Results
Following the election, the Chauveau government appointed the twenty-four members of the Legislative Council. The result was a Council with a very strong Conservative majority.


1867 Queensland colonial election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 18 June 1867 and 19 July 1867 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1867 Queensland colonial election, Key dates
Due to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.


1867 Raglan by-election
The 1867 Raglan by-election was a by-election held on 4 June 1887 in the Raglan electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.


1867 Raglan by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Newman on 9 April 1867.


1867 Rockhampton colonial by-election
The Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1867 was a by-election held on 27 July 1867 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.


1867 Rockhampton colonial by-election, History
At the 1867 general election, Thomas Henry Fitzgerald stood as a candidate two seats: Rockhampton and Kennedy. Having won Rockhampton on 27 June, he decided that he would prefer to try to win in Kennedy on 19 July and so immediately resigned Rockhampton. Archibald Archer was returned unopposed in the by-election in Rockhampton on 27 July 1867. (Fitzgerald was successful in winning Kennedy on 19 July 1867.)


1867 Romanian general election
General elections were held in Romania in December 1867 (New Style: December 1867 – January 1868), and were won by a coalition of liberal-and-radical groups, or "Concordia Agreement", formed around incumbent Prime Minister Ștefan Golescu. Concordia brought together the left-leaning "Reds", the Free and Independent Faction, and a moderate liberal section under Mihail Kogălniceanu. The latter split the moderate vote, ensuring defeat for the opposition led by Ion Ghica, which came in third, after the conservative "Whites". The reconfiguration made the country more governable, at a time of financial crisis and riotous disputes over the issue of Jewish emancipation. Controversially, Concordia sought to win over and appease antisemitic voters, although it was itself divided between more and less pliable antisemites.


1867 Romanian general election
The elections for the Assembly are often described as fraudulent, with the main culprit being Golescu's Interior Minister, Ion Brătianu; in the Senate race, the accusations of fraud were reciprocal. Despite the liberal sweep, "Reds" suffered significant defeats, for instance in Ilfov County, where their candidate Nicolae Haralambie failed to win against Dimitrie Ghica. The national campaign was also steeped in violence, with antisemitic riots in Tutova (following the mysterious death of electee Scarlat Vârnav) and Ialomița County. A far-reaching dispute involved the results in Prahova, where Concordia allegedly used military force to ensure its victory. Disputes over the validation of deputies and senators, including Manolache Costache Epureanu, Petru Grădișteanu and Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, continued into the early months of 1868.


1867 Romanian general election
Although victorious, Concordia was eventually brought down by the Factionalists, once Brătianu shunned their violent antisemitism. Reformed by General Nicolae Golescu, who succeeded his brother as Prime Minister, the "Reds" still secured a win in the Senate elections of July 1868. Eventually, however, they lost favor with Domnitor Carol I. The liberal ascendancy ended during the general election of March 1869, which placed the country under a "White" government.


1867 Romanian general election, Context
In February 1866, Romania (as the United Principalities had been designated since 1864) was governed by a "monstrous coalition" of "Reds", "Whites" and moderates, chaired by Ion Ghica. Created by a coup which toppled the authoritarian Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza, it supervised the April elections—under the preordained assumption that Assembly seats would be evenly split between the "right" and the "left". The Central Electoral Committee, presided upon by the radical doctrinaire C. A. Rosetti, attempted fraud in various regions (including Prahova County); however, the resulting Assembly was overall dominated by the "Whites". At the time, separatism and Cuza loyalism flared up in Western Moldavia, where a riot—instigated by Calinic Miclescu, Nicu Ceaur-Aslan, Teodor Boldur-Lățescu, and Constantin Moruzi Pecheanu—was quelled by the Romanian Land Forces.


1867 Romanian general election, Context
In a parallel plebiscite, Romanians overwhelmingly voted to recognize Carol of Hohenzollern, a German prince, as their new hereditary Domnitor. The regime also instituted Parliament's upper chamber, by reestablishing Cuza's Romanian Senate. Ghica was reconfirmed as Prime Minister, his government claiming to be "neither right- nor left-wing". His position was weakened by swing deputies and separatist nostalgia, and also by other hurdles: a financial crisis (which had the state borrowing from private bankers), a cholera outbreak, and a localized famine. Moreover, major disputes raged over constitutional details.