1892–93 Stoke F.C. season
The 1892–93 season was Stoke's fourth season in the Football League.


1892–93 Stoke F.C. season
Stoke finally made an improvement in the Football League finishing in 7th position with 29 points. Stoke fielded a settled side all season as just sixteen players were used with five of them playing in every match.


1892–93 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League
In 1892–93 Stoke finally made an impression in the Football League and claimed seventh place in the table. They collected 29 points, 11 more than bottom club Newton Heath, but were 19 points behind champions Sunderland. Ted Evans became the first Stoke player to be sent-off in the league when he received his marching orders in an away match at Everton on 12 November 1892, Stoke held out for a 2–2 draw.


1892–93 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League
Throughout the season manager Arthur Reeves was able to field a settled side which included successful Scottish imports Davy Christie, Davy Brodie, Billy Dickson, Willie Naughton and Jimmie Robertson. Stoke went on an eight match unbeaten run through October and November and back to back home 7–1 and 6–0 victories over Newton Heath and Bolton Wanderers respectively the best results in an encouraging campaign for the "Potters".


1892–93 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup
There was no joy in the cup as Stoke lost 2–1 to Accrington in the first round. It proved to be the final meeting between the sides as Accrington resigned from the league at the end of the season.


1892–93 Sunderland A.F.C. season
The 1892-93 season was Sunderland's 13th season in existence, and their third season as a Football League club.


1892–93 Sunderland A.F.C. season
Having won their first league title in the previous season, Sunderland went on to dominate the Football League in 1892-93, winning their second title by 11 points. They became the second team after Preston North End to win back-to-back titles. Sunderland remained unbeaten at home all season for the second season in a row. They became the first team to score 100 league goals in a single season (in 30 games) and only failed to score in a single league game (vs. Wolves). Forward John Campbell topped the league goalscoring charts (29 goals) for a second consecutive season.


1892–93 Sunderland A.F.C. season
The season saw the First Division expanded to 16 teams and a Second Division added, with Promotion and relegation introduced to the league for the first time. The expanded league saw Sunderland face The Wednesday, Nottingham Forest and Newton Heath for the first time. Across the two games against Newton Heath (which would go on to become Manchester United) Sunderland scored 11 goals without reply.


1892–93 Welsh Amateur Cup
The 1892–93 Welsh Amateur Cup was the third season of the Welsh Amateur Cup. The cup was won by Wrexham Gymnasium who defeated Wrockwardine Wood 1–0 in the final.


1892–93 in English football
The 1892–93 season was the 22nd season of competitive football in England.


1892–93 in English football, Events
The Football League and the Football Alliance formally merged, and so the Football League Second Division was formed, consisting mostly of Football Alliance clubs. The existing League clubs, minus Darwen (who were relegated) plus three of the strongest Alliance clubs (Nottingham Forest, Newton Heath  and The Wednesday, who would later be renamed Manchester United and Sheffield Wednesday respectively), comprised the Football League First Division.


1892–93 in English football, Events
The Second Division comprised the remaining Football Alliance teams, plus Northwich Victoria, Burslem Port Vale and Sheffield United.


1892–93 in English football, Events
Liverpool, formed in March 1892 by Anfield landlord John Houlding after Everton's exit to Goodison Park, join the Lancashire League. They would be elected to the Football League Second Division after one season in the Lancashire League.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Ireland
England's opening international game of the season took place in Birmingham on 25 February against Ireland, with the selectors choosing a team consisting mainly of players with connections to the Corinthians, of which seven were making their England débuts. Chris Charsley of Small Heath, who later went on to be Chief Constable of Coventry, made his solitary England appearance in goal. Alban Harrison (Old Westminsters) and Fred Pelly (Old Foresters) made their débuts as the two full-backs and Norman Cooper (Cambridge University) made his solitary appearance at centre-half.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Ireland
Robert Topham, an amateur player with Wolverhampton Wanderers, who had previously declined an invitation to play for Wales following his selection in 1885, made the first of his two appearances at outside right, with Walter Gilliat of Old Carthusians making his solitary appearance at inside right. Gilliat, an excellent dribbler of the ball, would probably have made more England appearances but for his religious beliefs, and went on to become the vicar of Iver and the rector of Sevenoaks.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Ireland
The most notable débutante was Gilbert Oswald Smith of Oxford University, who went on to represent his country on 20 occasions in a career spanning 8 years (scoring 11 goals) and was captain 16 times. He was considered by many to be the world's best player of the 19th Century.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Ireland
England totally dominated the match itself with Walter Gilliat scoring three times in the first 30 minutes, although Ireland had levelled the scores shortly after England's first goal. Further goals from G.O. Smith, William Winckworth and Rupert Sandilands enabled England to run out convincing 6–1 victors. Gilliat thus became one of only five players to have scored a hat-trick in his only appearance in an England shirt.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Wales
For the match against Wales at Stoke-on-Trent two weeks later, the selectors chose a team consisting entirely of professional players, of which four were making their début. In goal they selected John Willie Sutcliffe of Bolton Wanderers, for the first of his 5 appearances; Sutcliffe had previously made an appearance for the English rugby union side. Jimmy Turner (Bolton Wanderers) and Jimmy Whitehead (Blackburn Rovers) made their débuts at left half and inside right respectively. The fourth débutante was Fred Spiksley of The Wednesday who made the first of seven England appearances at outside left, from where he scored seven goals during his England career, including a hat-trick on his debut.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Wales
Once again, England were comfortable victors, with further goals from Billy Bassett, John Goodall and Jack Reynolds as England easily defeated the Welsh 6–0.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Scotland
England's final international match of the season came at Richmond Athletic Ground on 1 April against Scotland who were hoping to avenge their defeat in each of the two previous seasons. England selected a strong eleven, with only Leslie Gay of Old Brightonians making his début in goal. Gay later played Test cricket for England.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Scotland
England ultimately enjoyed another comfortable victory; Gosling scored after 15 minutes, but Scotland went ahead with goals after 30 and 55 minutes. A goal from captain George Cotterill brought England level after 65 minutes. Fred Spiksley then scored twice in two minutes before completing his hat-trick after 84 minutes, thus enabling England to continue their fine run against the Scots.


1892–93 in English football, National team, Scotland
As a result, England were the winners of the British Home Championship for the third consecutive season.


1892–93 in English football, Honours
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition


1892–93 in Scottish football
1892–93 in Scottish football was the 20th season of competitive football in Scotland and the third season of the Scottish Football League.


1892–93 in Scottish football, Scottish Football League
Celtic became Scottish Football League champions for the first time.


1892–93 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
Queen's Park were winners of the Scottish Cup after beating Celtic 2–1 in a replay.


1892–93 in Scottish football, Junior Cup
Vale of Clyde were winners of the Junior Cup after beating Dumbarton Fern in a replay.


1893
1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1893rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 893rd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 93rd  year of the 19th century, and the  4th   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1893, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1893 AHAC season
The 1893 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season lasted from January 7 until March 17. The Montreal Hockey Club was the league and Canadian champion for the sixth season in a row and was awarded the new Stanley Cup without any competition by virtue of their status as AHAC champion.


1893 AHAC season, Executive
On December 15, 1892, the AHAC elected its officers for the season:


1893 AHAC season, Season
Ottawa and Quebec got into a dispute. Quebec protested their loss on January 21 in Quebec and refused to play in the return match until the protest was decided. The return match was scheduled for February but was not played until March 17. At the same time, Ottawa was in a dispute with the Ontario Hockey Association over the location of the final match for the Ontario championship. In the end, Ottawa seceded from the Ontario association.


1893 AHAC season, Season, Results
† Game awarded to Montreal because Crystals refused to continue.


1893 AHAC season, Championship
Montreal HC won the championship for placing first in the regular season. This was Montreal HC's third straight championship since the Championship Trophy was inaugurated in 1891. According to the terms for the trophy, Montreal HC was allowed to keep the Trophy. A new version was struck for following seasons. The version won by Montreal is on display in the collection of the Hockey Hall of Fame.


1893 AHAC season, Championship
As champions of the AHAC, the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (known today as the Stanley Cup) was to be awarded to Montreal as its inaugural champion. On May 15, 1893, Sheriff John Sweetland finally presented the trophy to the MAAA president J. A. Taylor during the MAAA annual meeting. Each player received a souvenir gold ring as a gift of the MAAA. Disputes between the Montreal HC and the MAAA kept the Cup in the MAAA hands until it was accepted by the Club on February 23, 1894.


1893 Accrington by-election
The 1893 Accrington by-election was held on 21 December 1893 after the incumbent Liberal MP Joseph Leese becoming the Recorder of Manchester and so having to stand for re-election as a paid government office. Leese retained the seat.


1893 Accrington by-election
The Conservative candidate, Robert Trotter Hodge had been the MP for Accrington from 1886 to 1892.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team
The 1893 Alabama Crimson White football team represented the University of Alabama in the 1893 college football season. The team was led by head coach Eli Abbott and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham and The Quad in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In what was the second season of Alabama football, the team finished with a record of zero wins and four losses (0–4).


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team
Although they finished their inaugural year with a .500 record, head coach E. B. Beaumont was fired and replaced with Abbott prior to the start of the season. The 1893 squad opened the season with a pair of losses against the Birmingham Athletic Club, first in Tuscaloosa and then again a month later at Birmingham. The Crimson White was then shutout by Sewanee in their first game against an out-of-state opponent, and then closed the season with a 40–16 loss in the Iron Bowl against Auburn at Montgomery. The winless season was the first of only three in the history of the Alabama program.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Background
In their inaugural season, Alabama was led by head coach E. B. Beaumont to an overall record of two wins and two losses (2–2). During the season, they defeated Birmingham High School, split a pair against the Birmingham Athletic Club and lost to Auburn in their final game of the season. After the completion of the season, Beaumont was fired as head coach and replaced with former player Eli Abbott for the 1893 campaign. The team was called the "Crimson White" from 1893 to 1906, when their name changed to the currently used "Crimson Tide."


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Birmingham Athletic Club (October)
In the first ever game played in Tuscaloosa, the Birmingham Athletic Club (B.A.C.) defeated Alabama 4–0 at The Quad on the campus of the University of Alabama. In a game controlled by both defenses, the only points came on an Athletics touchdown in the second half. With the loss, this and later the 1895 and 1955 squads represented the only seasons Alabama failed to win a game at Tuscaloosa during a season that at least one game was played there.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Birmingham Athletic Club (November)
In a rematch against the B.A.C. a month later at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Alabama lost their second game of the season by a final score of 10–8. After they trailed 4–0 at the end of the first half, Alabama scored their first points of the season on a William Walker touchdown run early in the second half and tied the game 4–4. The Athletics retook a 10–4 lead when they scored a touchdown and converted the extra point, but then Walker scored his second touchdown of the game that made the final score 10–8 after a missed extra point. The second loss against the B.A.C. marked the only time in Alabama football history the same team defeated the Crimson Tide twice in the same season.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Sewanee
Against their first-ever opponent from outside the state of Alabama, Sewanee shut out the Crimson White 20–0 at Lakeview Park. The Tigers took a 4–0 lead in the 22nd minute of the first half when Wilson scored on a short touchdown run. Early in the second half, Sewanee extended their lead to 8–0 when Norman scored on a 25-yard touchdown run behind the flying wedge formation. Nelson then scored the final two Tiger touchdowns on runs of 45 and one-yard for the 20–0 victory. Sewanee later became one of Alabama's biggest rivals in the early decades of the football program.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Auburn
After playing their previous game at Birmingham's Lakeview Park, the city of Montgomery gave Alabama and the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Alabama (now known as Auburn University) $500 to play each other at Riverside Park. In the second edition of what has since become known as the Iron Bowl, Auburn won 40–16. Auburn scored first when Rufus Dorsey scored on a 10-yard touchdown run and kicked the extra point for a 6–0 lead. Alabama responded on their next possession when John Burgett scored on a 35-yard touchdown run. However G. H. Kyser missed the extra point and Auburn still held a 6–4 lead. Auburn then extended their lead to 18–4 at halftime after a pair of touchdown from J. C. Dunham.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Game summaries, Auburn
Alabama opened the second half with their second touchdown of the game. William Walker scored on a six-yard touchdown run and cut the Tigers' lead to 18–10. Auburn responded with touchdown runs by Snow Perkins, Arthur Redding and J. V. Brown that made the score 34–10. After a David Grayson touchdown for Alabama, Auburn responded with their final points of the game on a one-yard Dorsey run that made the final score 40–16. Governor of Alabama Thomas G. Jones presented a trophy to Auburn's captain Rufus Dorsey for their victory.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1893 football team according to the roster published in the 1894 edition of The Corolla, the University of Alabama yearbook.


1893 Alabama Crimson White football team, Aftermath
With their loss to Auburn, Alabama completed the first winless season in Alabama football history, and since then they have had only two other winless seasons in 1895 and 1955. The losses of 1893 were attributed to the small stature of the Crimson players and not to the coaching and training of the team. As such, Abbott returned as head coach for the 1894 season and led Alabama to a winning season that included their first all-time win over Auburn.


1893 Albion football team
The 1893 Albion football team was an American football team that represented Albion College in the 1893 college football season.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Wexford were the champions.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Leinster
Kilkenny refused to take the field for the second half in protest at rough play by the Wexford team. Wexford were awarded the Leinster title.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the sixth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Wexford were represented by Young Irelands, a club based in the Selskar area of Wexford town, while Cork were represented by Dromtariffe.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Wexford led 1-1 to 0-1 early in the second half, when a pitch invasion began and several players were injured. The referee tried to restart the game with substitutes to replace injured players, but Cork refused. Wexford were awarded the title.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Cork and Wexford did not meet again in the Championship until 2010.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the seventh staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 5 November 1893 and ended on 21 June 1894.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The championship was won by Cork who secured the title following a 6-8 to 0-2 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 3rd All-Ireland title.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
Cork were the defending champions, thus becoming the first team to retain the title.


1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 6th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1893 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at the Phoenix Park, Dublin, on 24 June 1894 between Cork, represented by club side Blackrock, and Kilkenny, represented by club side Confederation. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 6-8 to 0-2.


1893 Argentine Primera División
The 1893 Primera División was the 2nd. season in top-flight football in Argentina and the first organized by current Argentine Football Association, established that same year by Alexander Watson Hutton, considered "the father" of Argentine football.


1893 Argentine Primera División
Only Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway survived from the 1891 championship.


1893 Argentine Primera División
The championship took the format of a league of 5 teams, with each team playing each of the others twice. Lomas Athletic Club won its first league title.


1893 Army Cadets football team
The 1893 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1893 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Laurie Bliss, the Cadets compiled a 4–5 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 109 to 84. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Cadets lost to the Midshipmen by a 6 to 4 score.


1893 Army Cadets football team
No Army Cadets were honored on the 1893 College Football All-America Team.


1893 Army Cadets football team, Players
The following Cadets were members of the 1893 Army football team.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1893 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1893. The 1893 season was fairly active, with 12 tropical storms forming, 10 of which became hurricanes. Of those, five became major hurricanes. This season proved to be a very deadly season, with two different hurricanes each causing over 2,000 deaths in the United States; at the time, the season was the deadliest in U.S. history. The season was one of two seasons on record to see four Atlantic hurricanes active simultaneously, along with the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. Additionally, August 15, 1893 was the only time since the advent of modern record keeping that three storms have formed on the same day (Hurricanes Four, Five, and Six) until 2020 saw Wilfred, Alpha, and Beta forming on the same day.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
Observations from ships indicated the presence of a tropical storm in the Bay of Campeche on June 12. The storm moved northeastward across the Gulf of Mexico and intensified into a strong tropical storm. Around 23:00 UTC on June 15, the system made landfall southwest of Perry, Florida, with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). The cyclone weakened somewhat while moving over Florida and coastal portions of Georgia and the Carolinas. After emerging into the Atlantic near the North Carolina–Virginia state line early on June 17, the storm strengthened, reaching hurricane intensity later that day.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
On June 19, a ship located in the vicinity of the storm recorded a barometric pressure around 999 mbar (29.5 inHg) - the lowest in relation to the cyclone. However, the system then became losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 155 mi (250 km) south of Saint Pierre and Miquelon by 00:00 UTC on June 20.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
Several locations in the Southeastern United States observed tropical storm-force winds, with the strongest recorded sustained wind speed being 56 mph (90 km/h) in Charleston, South Carolina.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
Observations of this storm began as early as July 4 in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, with a ship encountering the cyclone about 130 mi (210 km) north-northeast of Colón, Panama. The system intensified steadily while moving northwestward, becoming a hurricane around 12:00 UTC on the following day. About six hours later, the storm intensified into a Category 2 hurricane and peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). The hurricane then made landfall near the Nicaragua–Honduras border. The cyclone weakened back to a Category 1 before re-emerging into the Caribbean off the north coast of Honduras early on July 6. Continuing northwestward, the system then re-strengthened slightly, reaching winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) prior to making landfall in northern Belize around 00:00 UTC on July 7. The cyclone weakened rapidly over the Yucatán Peninsula and dissipated just offshore Tabasco several hours later.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The storm sank several ships, including many steamers loaded with fruit in Honduras. About 6,000 bunches of bananas awaiting shipment were washed away at Bonito, while fruit plantations also experienced extensive damage. A number of homes on Roatán were also severely damaged. The hurricane reportedly caused a large loss of life. It has been paleotempestologically traced in sediment near Gales Point in Belize.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
The third storm of the season formed on August 13 east of the Lesser Antilles. It steadily strengthened to a hurricane while moving over the Leeward Islands. While approaching Puerto Rico on August 16, its winds increased to major hurricane status before landfall at Patillas. It crossed the island and exited near Isabela. There were heavy rains over the island of Puerto Rico and damages to the agricultural crops, especially coffee. In San Juan 2.36 inches of rain were reported. The eye remained over Puerto Rico for a period of seven hours. The lowest barometric pressure reading recorded in San Juan was 29.17 inches. Four deaths were reported. This was the first hurricane in Puerto Rico where flags were used to alert the public about the danger of an approaching hurricane; they were flown from government buildings.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
Although landfall weakened the storm, the storm regained major hurricane status as it approached the Bahamas. It then re curved northward and on August 22, made landfall in St. Margaret's Bay near Halifax, Nova Scotia as a non-tropical category 1. The storm was known in Nova Scotia as "the second Great August Gale" and claimed 25 lives, including the sinking of the vessels "Dorcas" and "Etta Stewart."


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
This hurricane was one of four active hurricanes on August 22.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
The 4th storm of the season began its life in the Central Tropical Atlantic on August 15. The storm moved west-northwestward for the first week of its life, while strengthening on the way. As it reached Category 3 strength, it moved more northwestward. Cooler waters weakened the storm, but it managed to hit New York City directly as an 85 mph (137 km/h) hurricane. It was one of only two hurricanes to directly hit New York throughout the 19th century, with the other being the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane. This storm was one of four active hurricanes on August 22.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
The 5th storm of the season started east of Bermuda on August 15. After moving northwestward for a day, it moved northeastward and strengthened to a Category 2 hurricane. The storm crossed Sable Island at peak intensity, before hitting the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland on August 18 as a 90 mph (145 km/h) hurricane, and dissipated the day after.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
The 6th storm of the season formed near Cape Verde on August 15. The storm moved generally westward for the first 11 days of its life, during which it strengthened to a Category 3 hurricane. As it approached the Bahamas, it moved more northwestward, paralleling the coast of Florida. The storm hit near Savannah, Georgia and was responsible for the deaths of 2,000 people as the storm submerged the South Carolina barrier islands. It moved northeastward, and underwent extratropical transition on August 31. This hurricane was one of four active hurricanes on August 22.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
The 7th storm of the season formed near the Cape Verde islands on August 20. It moved northwestward, reaching Category 2 hurricane strength on August 23. The hurricane maintained its strength until August 28, when cooler waters led the storm to extratropical transition. This storm was one of four active hurricanes on August 22. This hurricane could be one of the strongest tropical cyclones to have passed the Azores in the previous 100 years. It caused significant casualties and damages at Faial and Terceira islands that were documented afterwards (M. Lima, and J. Agostinho).


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight
The 8th storm of the season formed in the western Caribbean Sea on September 4. After hitting the Yucatán Peninsula, it strengthened in the Gulf of Mexico to a 95 mph (153 km/h) hurricane. It hit the southern coast of Louisiana on September 7, and dissipated over northeastern Alabama.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
The Great Charleston Hurricane of 1893 The 9th storm of the season was formed southwest of Cape Verde on September 25. It moved westward for the first 8 days of its life then it moved more northwestward. During this time it strengthened to a major hurricane, and it maintained its strength until landfall. As it bypassed the Bahamas, it moved more northward, and made landfall near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on October 13 with winds around 120 mph (190 km/h).


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
It moved through North Carolina and the Appalachian Mountains, was still a Category 1 Hurricane as it passed 60 miles west of Washington, D.C.. It became extratropical on October 14. The center crossed middle of Lake Ontario causing major damage in Lake Erie and Buffalo, New York. 10 ships lost and 29 stranded with 54 lives lost in the Lakes ship wrecks alone.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
The hurricane had an estimated Accumulated Cyclone Energy of 63.5, one of the highest of any historical Atlantic hurricane. This storm lasted 19.25 days making it the 10th longest-lasting in Atlantic tropical cyclone on record since records began in 1851.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten
The 10th storm of the season began on September 27 in the western Caribbean Sea. After hitting the northeastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula as a Category 2 hurricane, it moved through the Gulf of Mexico. As it approached the southeast coast of Louisiana, it rapidly strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane, and made landfall on October 2 as a category 4 hurricane. It moved through Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas before dissipating at sea. This storm was one of the first hurricanes to officially receive a Category 4 designation on the modern Saffir-Simpson scale. The hurricane flooded the Louisiana bayou with up to 16 foot storm surge with heavy surf above it and killed 2,000 people mostly by drowning and caused around $5 million (1893 dollars) in damage.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven
The 11th storm of the season formed just south of the Isla de la Juventud on October 20. After moving through Cuba, it strengthened to a 60 mph (97 km/h) storm before it hit the Delmarva Peninsula on October 23.


1893 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve
The 12th and final storm of the season formed northeast of the Bahamas on November 5. The storm moved northwestward, almost hitting North Carolina as a strong tropical storm, but went out to sea, becoming extratropical on November 10.


1893 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1893 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1893 college football season. The squad was undefeated at 3–0–2 and outscored opponents 116–62.


1893 Auburn Tigers football team
Auburn, then known as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, counts the February 22, 1893, game versus Alabama towards the 1893 season, while Alabama counts it toward their 1892 season. Head coach D. M. Balliet led Auburn to a 32–22 victory in the game. George Roy Harvey coached the four games that Auburn played the following fall.


1893 Baker Methodists football team
The 1893 Baker Methodists football team represented the Baker University in the 1893 college football season. They were dubbed the Champion football team of the Great West.


1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Birthday Honours
The 1893 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 2 June 1893 and in The Times on 3 June 1893.


1893 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1893 Boston Beaneaters season
The 1893 Boston Beaneaters season was the 23rd season of the franchise. They won their third straight and sixth total National League pennant.


1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Boston College football team
The 1893 Boston College football team was an American football team that represented Boston College during the 1893 college football season.


1893 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1893 saw the reelection of Nathan Matthews Jr. to a fourth consecutive term.


1893 Brisbane flood
The 1893 Brisbane flood, occasionally referred to as the Great Flood of 1893 or the Black February flood, occurred in 1893 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The Brisbane River burst its banks on three occasions in February 1893. It was the occurrence of three major floods in the same month that saw the period named "Black February". There was also a fourth flood event later in the same year in June. The river runs through the centre of Brisbane with much of the population living in areas beside the river. It was flooded in the first flood on 6 February due to a deluge associated with a tropical cyclone, called "Buninyong".


1893 Brisbane flood
The second cyclone struck on 11 February, causing relatively minor flooding compared to the first flood. When the third cyclone came on 19 February, it was almost as devastating as the first, and it left up to one third of Brisbane's residents homeless. This time however the flood in the Brisbane River was largely from waters from the upper reaches of Brisbane River, rather than the Stanley River. The 1893 floods caused 35 deaths.


1893 Brisbane flood
For the first flood, Crohamhurst recorded an all-time Australian record of 907 millimetres (35.7 in) of rain in a 24-hour period. The water surge was recorded on the Port Office gauge (now the City gauge) as being 8.35 metres (27 feet, 5 inches) above the low tide level. The February 1893 floods were the second and third highest water levels ever recorded at the City gauge, the highest being the January 1841 flood at 8.43 metres (27 feet, 8 inches).


1893 Brisbane flood
The 1893 events was preceded by two notable yet less severe floods in 1887 and 1890. Both were caused by high levels of summer rainfall; however the rainfall around this period (with the exception of the two summers) was described as "very low".


1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context
Brisbane sits on the land of the Indigenous Turrbal people. Ipswich, Queensland, and Lockyer Valley Region sit on the land of the Jagera people.


1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context
Brisbane was established in 1825 as a convict settlement as part of the British colony of New South Wales, and by 1842 opened to free settlement. Queensland became a self-governing colony in 1859.


1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context
Samuel Griffith was the Premier of Queensland during the Black February period, although in March 1893 (shortly after the events) he resigned in order to join the Supreme Court of Queensland. Thomas McIlwraith then became Premier of Queensland. In 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia was formed, at which time Queensland became a State.


1893 Brisbane flood, Historical context
Brisbane in 1891 had a population of 84,000 people. The area was under the jurisdiction of several local governments (the present City of Brisbane being formed by their amalgamation in 1925). John McMaster was Mayor of Brisbane Municipal Council, which contained the City Centre, and was the most important of the local government authorities.


1893 Brisbane flood, Damage
The total damage caused by the flooding has been estimated at A$4 million (1893 figures), although no official figures exist. The southern regions of the city were most affected by the flood. The most flooded suburb of what was to become the City of Brisbane was Rocklea. However it only housed a small village and farms at that time.


1893 Brisbane flood, Damage
Both of the bridges that crossed the river, the Victoria Bridge and the Albert Bridge at Indooroopilly were destroyed. The Victoria Bridge, which was an iron bridge with a turning span to allow traffic to go upriver, was partially destroyed on Monday 6 February, when the northern half of the bridge was washed away. It was not replaced until 1897. In the meantime, ferries were used to transport people and goods across the busy river. This, however, led to the capsize of the ferry ‘’Pearl’’ disaster in 1896 with the loss of more than 40 lives.


1893 Brisbane flood, Damage
The great advances in technology associated with photography meant that there were many photos taken of the event, some of which still exist today. A local businessman who would later become Premier, Robert Philp had a photo album (a very expensive item at the time) of the floods, which survives today.


1893 Brisbane flood, Casualties
The flooding was responsible for around 35 deaths. The floods also forced the hospitalisation of 190 residents.


1893 Brisbane flood, Casualties, Ipswich Coal Mine disaster
Seven of the victims were workers at John Wright's Eclipse colliery in north Ipswich which was flooded on Saturday 4 February by the Bremer River, a tributary of the Brisbane River. The seven miners killed included Thomas Wright (Mine Manager) and George Wright who were both sons of the owner. The other five miners were Andrew Smart, Patrick McQuade, John McQuade (son of Patrick), Charles Walker, and Mathew Cuthbertson. The lease over the mine was nearly expired so the mine was not in operation, but the men were removing rails and other mine equipment for use elsewhere.


1893 Brisbane flood, Casualties, Ipswich Coal Mine disaster
The colliery had two tunnels, and the flood waters had already reached the works. Thomas Wright, despite his father's advice against going down into the mine, arranged for seven men to go into the main tunnel and three men to go into the minor tunnel. Without warning, the roof collapsed over part of the main tunnel with air forced out of the mine in a great rush hurling wagons out of the way and trapping all seven men who entered the main tunnel. The men signaled the engine driver on the surface to pull them out but the collapse was major enough to prevent rescue. In minutes water had flooded the works and those not killed in the collapse would have drowned.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
The Indigenous people used to build their camps on higher ground along the rivers, aware of the dangers of floods. They had warned the free settlers of the potential threat of floods, but their advice was ignored and settlements were built closer to the banks of the rivers.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
Henry Plantagenet Somerset (1852–1936), was a landowner in the area where the Stanley River and the Upper Brisbane River meet. He built a homestead called "Caboonbah" on the cliffs above the river, where he lived with his wife, Katherine Rose Somerset (1855–1935). Caboonbah meant "big rock" in the local indigenous language, and it was built 60 feet (18 metres) higher than the rock cliff (Weldon's Knob) which was the location of the previous highest flood mark, from the 1890 flood event.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
In early February, after the heavy rains caused by Tropical Cyclone Buninyong, the weather had finally broken, and to his surprise, Somerset saw from his porch a great wall of water come down the Stanley River. This was especially concerning to Somerset, as the heavy rains caused by a tropical cyclone Buninyong (informally named after the ship that first sighted it) had already caused the Stanley River to exceed the 1890 flood level. Somerset, realizing that people downriver where in great danger sent one of his workers, Henry (Harry) Winwood to Esk to send a telegraph to warn them.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
The telegraph sent warned the Brisbane General Post Office that Brisbane, Ipswich, Goodna, Lowood and other areas were in danger. The inhabitants of Brisbane were not worried however due to the fine weather, as the days of heavy rain having ended, all threat of floods seemed to have disappeared. The Brisbane General Post Office only posted the warning on a single noticeboard, and it went almost completely unheeded.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
On 17 February, another cyclone crossed the Queensland coast near Bundaberg to drench the already saturated Brisbane River catchment. Somerset observed that the Brisbane River was flooded in similar levels to the first flood of the Stanley River. He knew that the telegraph lines were down between Esk and Brisbane, but he knew that there was a telegraph office at the small township of North Pine (now Petrie), although this would require crossing the D'Aguilar Range. William (Billy) Mateer, of Eidsvold (Dalgangel Station) was Somerset's most talented horseman, and he was selected to undertake this dangerous mission. Somerset and his men had to arrange for a dangerous crossing of the already flooded Brisbane River, with Mateer sent on with the only surviving horse (called Lunatic). Mateer survived the hazardous journey to North Pine, and delivered Somerset's message, which was again sadly ignored.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
Whilst the warnings went unheeded, as a result of these heroic efforts, Caboonbah Station was made an official flood warning station, with a telegraph line to Esk. Somerset initially manned the station in its early years, having to use morse code for 12 years prior to the introduction of the telephone.


1893 Brisbane flood, Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
In modern times, Caboonbah Homestead was restored and used as a museum. However, on Monday 11 May 2009, the homestead caught fire and burnt to the ground.


1893 Brisbane flood, Mitigation works
Lake Somerset is a 904,000 megalitre dam located on the Stanley River (the normal water supply capacity is 380,000 megalitres, but the dam can hold another 524,000 megalitres of extra flood capacity). The site was first suggested for the location of a dam by Henry Somerset, after the 1893 floods, and he championed its construction when he was elected to parliament in 1904, where he served for 16 years as the Member for Stanley. Construction of the dam was not started until 1933, and it was finally finished in 1953. It was seen as a major job creation project when it commenced in the Great Depression, but was delayed by World War II when its workers were redeployed.


1893 Brisbane flood, Mitigation works
The same day that the notice of Billy Mateer's death appeared in the newspaper, there was also a major announcement that the Queensland Government had approved the construction of Somerset Dam. The site had been identified in 1933, by the Bureau of Industry.


1893 Brisbane flood, Mitigation works
Floods occur naturally, but now they had become a serious threat to people in this area. The clearing and developing of the land close to the water's edge essentially caused an increase in height and velocity of the rising water, and of the resulting damage. European thinking was the basis for the belief that engineering a dam could tame a river system. By 1959, it was believed that the Brisbane River system was regulated. By the 1970s, the social memory of the 1893 floods had all but vanished.


1893 Brooklyn Grooms season
The 1893 Brooklyn Grooms finished a disappointing seventh in the National League race under new player/manager Dave Foutz. The highlight of the year was when pitcher Brickyard Kennedy became the first major leaguer to pitch and win two games on the same day since the mound was moved back to 60 feet. He allowed just eight hits in beating the Louisville Colonels 3–0 and 6–2 in a doubleheader on May 30, 1893.


1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases


1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases


1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games


1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games


1893 Brooklyn Grooms season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Brown Bears football team
The 1893 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 1893 college football season. The team's coach was William Odlin.


1893 Buchtel football team
The 1893 Buchtel football team represented Buchtel College in the 1893 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach John Heisman.


1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria in April 1893. The body known as the Grand National Assembly (Bulgaria: Велико народно събрание - Veliko narodno subranie) was convened for a fourth time in order to consider several amendments to the constitution, including ones concerning the religion of the monarchy and a reduction in the number of members of the National Assembly.


1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election
The existing constitution required the monarch to be a member of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, although it exempted the first Prince. As  Prince Ferdinand was the first of a new dynasty, he was considered to be exempt (as a Roman Catholic). However, as his wife, Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma, was also a Roman Catholic, if they were to have children, they would be Catholic.


1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election
The constitution also required one member of the National Assembly for every 10,000 citizens, with the proposed changes to reduce this to one for every 20,000 citizens. The amendments would also reduce the number of members of the Grand National Assembly from one for every 5,000 citizens to one for every 10,000.


1893 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election
The Assembly was opened on 15 May with a crowd of over 10,000 gathering for the occasion. It sat until 29 May, and approved the constitutional amendments.


1893 Bulgarian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 30 July 1893. Following changes to the constitution earlier in the year, the number of members of the National Assembly was reduced.


1893 Bulgarian parliamentary election
The elections were marred by riots in Peshtera, where attempts were made to steal the ballot boxes and assault the presiding officer. Violence also occurred in Belogradchik, where attempts were made to prevent the polling station closing until supporters of one candidate had arrived. Voter turnout was low, largely due to indifference in rural areas where national politics was not considered of importance.


1893 Burnley by-election
The 1893 Burnley by-election was held on 6 February 1893 after the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP Jabez Spencer Balfour due to the collapse of the Liberator Building Society, for which he was eventually convicted. It was retained by the Liberal candidate Philip Stanhope.


1893 Butler Christians football team
The 1893 Butler Christians football team represented Butler University during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a record of 4–2. Alfred H. Somerville was the team captain. The team began the season with 23 players.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
On October 14, 1893, Butler lost to DePauw, 20–6, at Greencastle, Indiana. The game was called due to darkness. Butler's starting lineup against DePauw was Williams at quarterback, Somerville at right halfback, Baker at left halfback, A. Hall at fullback, Stevenson at right end, Lister at right tackle, Anderson at right guard, Henry at center, Locy at left guard, Stevens at left tackle, and Scott at left end.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
On October 21, 1893, Butler lost to Purdue, 96–0, before a crowd of 1,200 at Lafayette, Indiana. Butler's starting lineup against Purdue was Burford at quarterback, Somerville at right halfback, Williams at left halfback, Hall at fullback, Parker at right end, Taylor at right guard, Lister at right tackle, Henry at center, Lackey at left guard, Payne at left tackle, and Scott at left end.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
On October 28, 1893, Butler defeated Indiana, 38–0, at Athletic Park in Indianapolis. Butler's lineup against Indiana was Burford at quarterback, Somerville at right halfback, Hall at left halfback, Scott at fullback, Parker at right end, Lister at right tackle, Taylor at right guard, Barnett at center, Losey at left guard, Payne at left tackle, and Moore at left end.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
On November 4, Butler defeated the team from the Deaf and Dumb Institute by a 16–0 score. The game was played in the Irvington neighborhood of Indianapolis.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
On November 11, Butler defeated the Zig-Zag bicycle eleven by a 52–0 score in a game played at the East Ohio Street Park in Indianapolis.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
On November 19, Butler defeated Wabash, 28–24, on the Wabash campus in Crawfordsville, Indiana. The game lasted one hour and 15 minutes, concluding at 2:40 p.m. Butler's starting lineup against Wabash was Williams at quarterback, Baker at right halfback, Somerville at left halfback, Hall at fullback, Scott at left end, Stevens at left tackle, Lecoy at left guard, Henry at center, Anderson at right guard, Lister at right tackle, and Stevenson at right end.


1893 Butler Christians football team, Game notes
After witnessing the DePauw–Wabash game, played one week earlier, Dr. H. A. Turker, the pastor at the Crawfordsville Methodist Church, wrote at length condemning the game as a disgrace. He opened his comments as follows: "We thought at first it was barbarous, then we concluded it would be a slander to the barbarians to compare a football game to their sports. . . . We have seen a pack of dogs fighting for a rotten bone, of which we were reminded at the football game. A football game, as now played, is a disgrace." He closed: "This evil has surely gone far enough. Let every man speak who opposes this brutality."


1893 Calgary municipal election
The 1893 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 2, 1893 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the ninth Calgary Town Council from January 16, 1893 to January 2, 1894.


1893 Calgary municipal election, Background
Voting rights were provided to any male, single woman, or widowed British subject over twenty-one years of age who are assessed on the last revised assessment roll with a minimum property value of $200.


1893 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under multiple non-transferable vote where each elector was able to cast a ballot for the mayor and up to four ballots for separate councillors.


1893 Calgary municipal election, Background
There were a number of concerns during the election related to imperfect voting lists. The Calgary Weekly Herald reported a number of qualified electors were omitted from the list, and situations were wives were on the list where their husbands should have been listed. The errors were attributed to imperfect assessment rolls.


1893 California Golden Bears football team
The 1893 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1893 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach Pudge Heffelfinger and compiled a record of 5–1–1.


1893 Carlisle Indians football team
The 1893 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1893 college football season. The sport was reinstituted after a long absence. The Indians were coached by W. G. Thompson in the school's first year of organized intercollegiate football recognized by the NCAA. The Indians were consistently outsized by the teams they scheduled, and they in turn relied on speed and guile to remain competitive. The team compiled a record of 2–1; outscored opponents 60 to 16. Richard Henry Pratt laid out the fundamental rule of Carlisle football; "Promise me that you'll never slug."


1893 Case football team
The 1893 Case football team was an American football team that represented the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, now a part of Case Western Reserve University. Playing as an independent during the 1893 college football season, the team compiled a 4–0 record, outscoring opponents by a total of 120 to 8.


1893 Case football team
Case snapped a 13-game win streak of Oberlin, whose win streak dated back to their undefeated 1892 season. Notably, Case defeated Coach John Heisman of Buchtel, handing him his first ever career coaching loss, who ironically was the coach of the undefeated 1892 Oberlin team the prior season.


1893 Case football team
Charley Gleason was the star halfback, who also previously played on the 1889 Georgetown football team. Captain Alva C. Smith played quarterback.


1893 Central Colonels football team
The 1893 Central Colonels football team represented Central University in Richmond, Kentucky during the 1893 college football season.


1893 Central Cumberland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 6 May 1893 because of the resignation of John Nobbs (Free Trade) due to bankruptcy.


1893 Centre football team
The 1893 Centre football team represented Centre College in the 1893 college football season. The head coach was Durant Berry, coaching his third season with the Praying Colonels.


1893 Championship of Australia
The 1893 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 7 October 1893.


1893 Championship of Australia
The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFA, Essendon and the premiers of the SAFA, South Adelaide.


1893 Championship of Australia
The match was played at Victoria Park in Melbourne, Victoria.


1893 Championship of Australia
The match, played in front of 12,000, was won by Essendon by a margin of 7 goals, giving Essendon its 1st Championship of Australia Title.


1893 Championship of Australia
This was the last Championship of Australia match to be held until 1907.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane
The Chenière Caminada hurricane, also known as the Great October Storm, was a powerful hurricane that devastated the island of Cheniere Caminada, Louisiana in early October 1893. It was one of three deadly hurricanes during the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season; the storm killed an estimated 2,000 people, mostly from storm surge.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Meteorological history
The hurricane was first observed on September 27, 1893, in the northwest Caribbean Sea. Its previous history is unknown; possibly it formed from a trough of low pressure in the area, a similar method of formation for two other storms in the same season. The storm moved to the northwest, quickly strengthening into a hurricane on September 28. It continued to intensify to 95 mph winds before striking land near Cancún of the Yucatán Peninsula on the 29th.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Meteorological history
While crossing the peninsula, the hurricane weakened to 90 mph, but restrengthened over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A low pressure trough over the northern Gulf of Mexico brought the hurricane northward and northeastward. On October 1, this compact hurricane became a major hurricane, and early the next day, it became a Category 4 as it approached the Louisiana coast.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Meteorological history
On the morning of October 2, with a peak of 130 mph winds, the hurricane struck southeast Louisiana near Cheniere Caminada, on the Louisiana mainland just west of Grand Isle. The hurricane continued to the northeast, then weakened while crossing southeast Louisiana. Passing over Gulf of Mexico waters for a few hours, the hurricane struck land again on the night of the October 2, this time in southeast Mississippi. The storm continued to the northeast, weakening to a tropical storm over Alabama, and moved into the Atlantic Ocean on October 4. The storm dissipated on the October 5.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Impact
As a strengthening hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico, the Chenière Caminada Hurricane brought a strong storm surge that flooded much of southeast Louisiana. 779 people died out of the town's 1500 residents from the high winds and flooding from the storm surge. The surge was up to 16 feet, with heavy surf above it. The hurricane caused about 2000 fatalities in total, making it among the deadliest United States hurricanes.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Impact
The Gulf States were greatly affected by the hurricane. The orange and rice crop were greatly damaged, and combined with destruction of the wind, the hurricane caused about $5 million in damage (1893 USD, $102.6 million in 2005 USD).


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Impact
Many vessels known and unknown were sunk in the hurricane throughout coastal Louisiana and Mississippi including


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Name confusion
The storm is named after a Louisiana village that bears the name of a Spanish sugar planter, Francisco Caminada. Some sources give the name of the village as “Caminadaville,” while others misspell the name Chenière Caminada as “Chenier Caminada” or “Chenier Caminanda” (with an extra n). The village and other settlements on the island were nearly all destroyed.


1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane, Name confusion
Today the town of Cheniere Caminada is located in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.


1893 Chicago Colts season
The 1893 Chicago Colts season was the 22nd season of the Chicago Colts franchise, the 18th in the National League and the 1st at West Side Park. The Colts finished ninth in the National League with a record of 56–71.


1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Chicago Colts season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1893 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1893 college football season. In their second season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 6–4–2 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 143 to 142.


1893 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1893, Democrat Carter Harrison Sr. won election to a (then-record) fifth non-consecutive term as mayor of Chicago.


1893 Chicago mayoral election
Harrison won a majority of the vote, defeating Republican Samuel W. Allerton by a 10 point margin. He also defeated third-party candidates DeWitt Clinton Cregier and Henry Ehrenpreis, neither of whom received strong support.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background
The election took place against the backdrop of the city's preparations for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held later that year.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background
Carter Harrison Sr. had previously served as Mayor of Chicago for four terms, from 1879 through 1887. In 1891, Harrison came out of political retirement and ran unsuccessfully as a third-party candidate for mayor of Chicago, after having first unsuccessfully challenged then-incumbent DeWitt Clinton Cregier for the Democratic nomination.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background
Since the 1891 election, Harrison had made peace again with the Democratic Party, supporting its 1892 presidential nominee Grover Cleveland. However, Harrison never had a particularly strong relation with Cleveland, and by the time of the 1893 election, the two had drawn a rift over Harrison's disagreement with Cleveland's stance on the silver issue. In addition, Harrison had a longstanding feud with Michael C. McDonald, then an influential figure in Chicago Democratic politics.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Background
Harrison had made a number of moves that would assist him in his 1893 mayoral campaign. First, he purchased the Chicago Times, which he used to promote his political agenda and would also use to support his political ambitions. He also founded the Carter H. Harrison Democratic Association. This organization was presented as an endeavor to encourage good governance, but it was instead the start of a political organization that would become a formal faction of the city's Democratic Party, rivaling the more informal organization headed by Roger Charles Sullivan  and John Patrick Hopkins.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
By early 1893, Carter Harrison Sr.'s campaign was full fledged. As in 1891, his campaign manager was Adolf Kraus. They made an effort to ignite ward level excitement for Harrison by utilizing local branches of the Harrison Democratic Association.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Harrison entered the race without the support of significant organized groups or newspapers (other than the Chicago Times, which he owned).


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Harrison quickly gained momentum. This troubled many establishment Democrats, such as Roger Charles Sullivan and John Patrick Hopkins, who were concerned that the charismatic Harrison would come to dominate the party if he was successful at winning the mayoralty.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Since then-President-elect Grover Cleveland and Harrison had fallen-out over the issue of silver, and since Hopkins was considered to be the leader of the Cleveland wing of the local Democratic Party, Hopkins took charge in seeking to block Harrison's pursuit of the mayoralty.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
John Patrick Hopkins and his political partner Roger Charles Sullivan looked at several prospective candidates to challenge Harrison for the nomination. Dewitt Clinton Cregier had talking about potentially running again, but he was not seen as likely to win. Ultimately, Hopkins settled on Illinois Staats-Zeitung editor and former Deputy Sheriff of Cook County Washington Hesing.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Hopkins served as Hesing's campaign manager, while Sullivan helped Hesing organize at the ward level. Hesing was also baked by Michael C. McDonald and John Coughlin.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Despite these efforts to stop Harrison, he continued to pick up momentum. Harrison had garnered the backing of many of the city's influential Democratic figures, including John Powers and James H. Farrell. Harrison as supported by a vast array of ward clubs and sub-factions of the city's Democratic electorate.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Hessing suffered from the fact that many voters, including nativists and including many Irish American voters, held resentments against Germans, viewing them as anarchists and socialists and associating them negatively with incumbent governor Atgeld.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
Hesing accused Harrison of being supported by "corrupt use of money", accusing him of accepting $30,000 from the railroads in return for pledging not to enforce then-pending City Council ordinances that would require the railroads to undertake the expensive step of elevating their tracks to eliminate level crossings.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
While Hesing ran a tough campaign against Harrison, Harrison took a strong lead.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
The primary to elect delegates to the city nominating convention was held on February 27. Harrison won a strong victory, winning at least three-quarters of the delegates. Hesing lodged accusations of voter fraud against Harrisonites.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
At the convention, held at the Central Music Hall, three candidates had their names put forth for the nomination, Harrison, Hesing, and Cregier. Harrison won on the first ballot, receiving 531 delegate votes to Cregier's 93 and Hesing's 57.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic
The John Powers-led wing of the party had packed the convention with loud Harrison supporters, and the convention had seen fistfights break out across the room. The Chicago Tribune had dubbed it the, "most disorderly and riotous" convention in the city's history. Hesing, who was heckled during his address, stormed out of the hall.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican
The Republicans had sought to recruit a top-capitalist figure of the city to face Harrison in the general election, but had failed in their attempts to persuade Philip Danforth Armour or Lyman J. Gage to run.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, United Citizens
The United Citizens party nominated former mayor DeWitt Clinton Cregier. The United Citizens party was founded by Chicago Daily News publisher Victor Lawson.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
The race was considered to have been one of the most rancorous in Chicago's history. Willis J. Abbot wrote that, "the bitterness and acrimony of the campaign exceeded anything ever known in Chicago politics."


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Harrison was regarded to be an underdog in the race. The city elite largely considered Harrison to be too liberal and believed that he allowed himself to be surrounded by corrupt associates. Thus, Allerton, a conservative Republican, received broad backing from the city elite and nearly all of the city's newspapers.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
In the past fourteen years (dating back to Harrison's first mayoral victory in 1879), Republicans had only won two mayoral elections. However, in this era, mayoral races in Chicago were still typically closely contested, and Republicans usually carried the city in national elections.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Michael C. McDonald attempted to reconcile with Harrison, offering Harrison his support. Harrison rejected his offer. Despite this, rumors persisted that Harrison had received McDonald's support in exchange for agreeing that, as mayor, he would provide McDonald a license to operate the Garfield Park racetrack.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Harrison pledged that he would run an honest campaign against Allerton.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Harrison reportedly spent $500,000 in his campaign effort. He benefited from a well-run campaign operation.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Many voters believed that the charismatic Harrison was the best choice to be the "face" of the city during the World's Fair, thinking that he was the best option to serve as the city's ambassador to the world during the course of the exposition. Others, however, believed that Harrison's leadership style was better adapted to the past, when Chicago was a burgeoning metropolis. They believed that hosting the World's Fair indicated that the city had reached a stage of maturity in its development and that Harrison was ill-suited to lead the city at such a stage.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Allerton was seen as a reluctant candidate. He was seen as lacking in moxie as a candidate.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Allerton campaigned as portraying himself as a businessman rather than a politician. Allerton stated that he would run Chicago like a business. Allerton pledged to bring clean government and clean streets. He stated that only professional and business leaders of the "highest standing" would be appointed to office. Allerton argued that the administration of the upcoming World's Fair presented a model for the business-style governance Chicago should adopt. Allerton


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Allerton received backing from the elites that were organizing the World's Fair. He received the backing of the city's business elite, such as Philip Danforth Armour, Lyman J. Gage, Harry Gordon Selfridge, Charles L. Hutchison, Franklin MacVeigh, Harlow Higinbotham, and Turlington Harvey. Deriding Harrison's backers as representing "all the immorality of the city", and contrasting it with his own backing by leading figures of the city, Allerton framed the race as a choice between "the slums" and the men who built modern Chicago.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Allerton's platform advocated civil service reform, improved city services, and lower taxes. However, much of his platform was indistinguishable the urban reform which Harrison had backed during his mayoral tenure. Additionally, Allerton's campaign was more focused on attacking Harrison than it was on extolling the virtues of Allerton's own platform.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Harrison was slandered throughout the campaign. Republicans lodged blame for all of the city's ills on Harrison. Some christian evangelists even tied blame for the Haymarket affair bombing with Harrison's support for allowing saloons to remain open on Sundays.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Harrison effective responded to criticisms of his record by stating that he had done the best he could as mayor with the state-imposed limitations on the city's taxing powers. Harrison campaigned this election on a platform which included reforming the tax assessment system. Meanwhile, Republicans advocated an unrealistic combination of lower taxes and expanded municipal services, unconvincingly arguing that the needed money could be saved by decreasing the number of civil servants by having professional appointees in place of patronage appointees.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
In the city's ethnic newspapers, Republicans' contention that the city needed to lower, rather than equalize, the taxes, was criticized as being upper-class men looking out for their own economic interests. Harrison used this line of attack. Harrison also claimed that the Republicans' campaign of "moral uplift" and "good government" was a lightly-disguised attempt to refuse the city's non-protestant immigrant ethnic groups the right to govern until such a tie as they conformed with the Republicans' views of "proper values".


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
While Chicago Protestant commercial establishment abhorred Harrison's willingness to work with even seedy elements of the city, his willingness to give a voice to "the great unwashed"  in government earned him great admiration in the city's ethnic neighborhoods.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
The bitter primary race against Hesing had turned many German voters away from supporting Harrison in the general election.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Both Allerton and Cregier made attempts to paint Harrison as corrupt.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election
The day of the election, each party felt assured of their chances. On their part, Republicans hoped for an overwhelming victory, with the Chicago Tribune predicting that one would happen due to what they predicted would be massive defections by Democratic-leaning voters in the city's German wards, in which Hesing had been popular.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Harrison won, becoming the first mayor in Chicago history to be elected to a fifth term. His victory was considered a landslide, and his roughly 21,000 vote margin of victory was the greatest of any of Harrison's mayoral victories.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
The election result was considered to be a surprise, as most newspapers had predicted Allerton to have been the strong favorite to win the election.


1893 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Harrison received 87.87% of the Polish-American vote, while Allerton received only 11.20%.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election
In the Chicago mayoral special election of 1893, John Patrick Hopkins was elected mayor. The election was triggered by the assassination of mayor Carter Harrison Sr. (a Democrat that had been elected to his fifth non-consecutive term earlier that year). Following Harrison's death, Republican George Bell Swift had been appointed by City Council to serve as mayor until the special election could be held. In the election, which was held December 19, Hopkins narrowly defeated Swift by a half-percent margin.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Background
After the assassination of mayor Cater Harrison Sr., George Bell Swift was appointed interim mayor by the Chicago City Council.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Background
While Swift had originally pledged to only be an interim mayor, it quickly became evident that he intended to seek the office permanently. After taking office, Swift both began appointing Republicans to as many offices as he could, and allowed his political allies to build him a campaign organization.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Background
Democratic Party support had declined since the beginning of the economic downturn the nation was experiencing. This was evidenced roughly a month before the election, when Republicans swept the November 7 county judicial elections. However, this was result was largely attributable to a lopsided vote in favor of the Republicans in suburban Cook County, as Democrats led the portion of vote cast in Chicago city boundaries, albeit with a reduced majority over the previous election.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
Harrison's death had left Chicago's Democratic Party in search of a leader. Numerous individuals were speculated as potential candidates. Top speculative contenders included President of the Chicago Board of Education A.S. Trude, President of the Sanitary District of Chicago Frank Wenter (a leading "Harrisonite"), and John P. Hopkins. Others speculated that Harrison's son Carter Harrison Jr. might be an option. Of those speculated Hopkins was viewed as the frontrunner from the start, as he was "looked upon with fear and trembling by city hall Democrats."


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
Will all wanting to avoid being the target of focussed opposition, no candidates initially openly campaigned for the nomination.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
For several weeks Trude began to dip his toes in to the race, but formally opted against a run, giving the suspect excuse that he believed his running would have forced his brother George to resign his position as an election commissioner and be replaced by a Republican.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
Wenter went all-in as a candidate. He was backed by the Chicago Times. Wenter had the backing of Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party John McGillen.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
Hopkins, while publicly admitting interest, did not formally declare himself a candidate until the last minute. However, ward organizations had formed on his behalf even before he had formally declared. By not formally entering until late in the race, he avoided receiving many direct attacks from other candidates. Hopkins also eschewed formal support from any one faction of the Democratic Party, hoping to appeal as a candidate for all Democrats. Hopkins, as a candidate, touted his connections and positive relationship with the Cleveland administration, as he claimed Chicago would benefit from it if he were mayor. He flexed his sway with the Cleveland administration by securing his ally Washington Hesing an appointment as Postmaster of Chicago.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
In the primary to elect delegates for the city's nominating convention, Hopkins had a clear victory.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
In a last minute move, Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party John McGillen, who supported Wenter, attempted to appoint himself chair of the convention, presumably so that he would be in a position to disqualify Hopkins delegates. However, the party's executive committee overruled this by a vote of 7 to 2.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic
At the convention, it was Adolphus W. Green who formally nominated  Hopkins. Also nominated at the convention were Wenter and John A. King. Both Wenter and King received few votes during balloting, and each withdrew their candidacies before the end of the first round of balloting. Robert Emmett "Bobby" Burke moved to nominate Hopkins by acclamation.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Republican
There was buzz that former mayor John A. Roche might back a challenge by Henry Wulff. However, Swift was ultimately easily nominated at the Republican convention.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election
After his nomination at the Democratic convention, a five-person committee was create to oversee efforts to support Hopkins' campaign. Members of this committee included Washington Hesing and Frank Lawler (the latter of whom had opposed Hopkins' candidacy before he won the nomination). Hopkins appointed Lambert Tree, a close political ally, as his campaign manager. Hopkins additionally worked with political ally Roger Charles Sullivan and others to plan his campaign. Hopkins also appointed a "field marshal" for each ward. Key members from what remainded of the Harrison wing of the party backed his candidacy, such as Frank Wenter and Robert Burke. He also received the backing of reform-minded Democrats such as Clarence S. Darrow.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election
The Democratic platform called for strict municipal bookkeeping, the elimination of unnecessary city employees, the removal of political influence from policing, and the elevation of railroad tracks to remove at-grade crossings. The Republican platform was nearly identical to it, thus very little substance separated the two parties on key municipal issues during this campaign.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election
There as an attempt by Republicans to tie Hopkins to the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act, then pending before congress. Republicans argued that this act, by lowering tariffs, would negatively affect jobs of working class men. However, this line of attack appeared to have very little impact.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election
Two-days before the election, the Chicago Tribune launched a last-minute surprise in an attempt to sway voters by reporting that Hopkins had assisted in securing a city contract for his nephew William A. Lyndon's firm Lyndon & Drews to extend the "Hyde Park tunnel". There were issues with the quality of the job that the firm had completed. The Tribune also alleged that non-union labor had been used on the project. The Tribune, with next to no evidence, implied that Hopkins had profited tremendously from this transaction. This story appeared to have ultimately had little sway on voters, and was largely forgotten about after the election.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
Hopkins won a narrow victory. Hopkins became Chicago's first Irish-American mayor. He was the city's first Irish-Catholic mayor. The city has since elected six additional Irish Catholic mayors.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
At 35 years of age when he took office, Hopkins became the youngest mayor the city had ever had.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
While the victory was narrow, and showed a marked decline of Democratic support from the regular mayoral election held earlier in the year, it was also a victory that was celebrated by Democrats amid a downturn that had occurred in the party's electoral fortunes amid the nationwide economic downturn.


1893 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
Hopkins received 78.38% of the Polish-American vote, while Swift received 20.80%.


1893 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1893 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished tied for sixth place in the National League with a record of 65–63, 20.5 games behind the Boston Beaneaters.


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Cincinnati was looking to build on a solid 1892 season in which the team had improved from a record of 56–81 in 1891 to 82–68. First baseman Charles Comiskey returned as player-manager, while the Reds would have a new outfielder, as Jim Canavan joined Cincinnati after spending the previous season with the Chicago Colts. Canavan had struggled offensively with Chicago, hitting only .166 with no homers and 32 RBI in 118 games in 1892.


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Catcher Farmer Vaughn had a career season, as he hit .280 with one home run and a team high 108 RBI. Bug Holliday led the Reds with a .310 batting average and 89 RBI, as well as a team high 108 runs scored, while his five home runs tied with Canavan for the team lead. Bid McPhee had a solid season, batting .281 with three home runs and 68 RBI. Arlie Latham hit .282 with two home runs, 49 RBI and a team best 57 stolen bases.


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Frank Dwyer was the ace of the pitching staff, as he led the club with an 18–15 record in a team high 37 games, which included 30 starts, with 28 complete games. Ice Box Chamberlain was 16–12 with a team low 3.73 ERA.


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Season summary
The Reds got off to a solid start, sitting in first place with a 6–3 record after nine games. However, the team would win only ten of their next twenty-nine ball games to fall into tenth place in the National League with a 16–22 record. Cincinnati would be under the .500 mark for a majority of the season, however, the Reds would win ten of their final eleven games to avoid finishing with a losing record, as they ended the season with a 65–63 record, tying the Brooklyn Grooms, 20.5 games behind the pennant-winning Boston Beaneaters.


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Cincinnati football team
The 1893 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 0–6 record. Dan Laurence and Russell Reeder were the team captains. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.


1893 Cirencester by-election
The 1893 Cirencester by-election was held on 23 February 1893 after a court declared a by-election in 1892 was rerun after the votes had been declared equal. The seat was gained by the Liberal candidate Harry Lawson Webster Levy-Lawson. The Conservative candidate Thomas Chester-Master was declared the victor of the 1892 by-election by 3 votes, but on petition and after scrutiny, the votes were declared equal and the 1893 by-election was held.


1893 City of Auckland by-election
The City of Auckland by-election of 1893 was a by-election held on 4 August 1893 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the urban upper North Island electorate of the City of Auckland.


1893 City of Auckland by-election, Background
In 1893, William Lee Rees accused Alfred Cadman, the Member for Thames, of using his position as Minister for Native Affairs for his own personal benefit. Cadman then sued Rees for libel but the trial proved inconclusive.


1893 City of Auckland by-election, Background
The jury in the libel case found that "the letters of Mr Rees to the Premier were defamatory, and that the defamatory matter was not only not fair and bona fide comment on the acts and conduct of the plaintiff, but that it was not true", however they only awarded damages of £1 which "implied [Cadman's] acts and conduct were yet not above suspicion."


1893 City of Auckland by-election, Background
On 11 July 1893 while in the debating chamber of New Zealand's parliament Cadman challenged Rees to vacate his seat and contest the subsequent by-election against him. Rees accepted the challenge although Cadman was ultimately successful.


1893 City of Auckland by-election, Results
A by-election was later held in Thames for Cadman's newly vacant seat.


1893 Cleveland Spiders season
The 1893 Cleveland Spiders finished with a 73–55 record and a third-place finish in the National League.


1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Cleveland Spiders season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Colgate football team
The 1893 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1893 college football season. Colgate reports the record for the season as 3–0–1, however, there was a previously unreported game against Hamilton that ended in dispute. The Hamilton team left the field in the second half over a dispute about eligible players.


1893 College Football All-America Team
The 1893 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1893 college football season, as selected by Caspar Whitney for Harper's Weekly and the Walter Camp Football Foundation. Whitney began publishing his All-America Team in 1889, and his list, which was considered the official All-America Team, was published in Harper's Weekly from 1891 to 1896. Harvard Law School student and football center William H. Lewis became the first African-American to be selected as an All-American in 1892, an honor he received again in 1893.


1893 Colorado Agricultural football team
The 1893 Colorado Agricultural football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Colorado Football Association (CFA) during the 1893 college football season. The University itself stated 1893 as the first year of its football team.


1893 Colorado Agricultural football team
The team, then known as the CACs, compiled a 1–3 record and was outscored by a total of 214 to 126. The team had no coach.


1893 Colorado Agricultural football team
Whereas the school's media guide reports the result of its game with Denver as a 60–10 victory, College Football Data Warehouse reports the result of that game as a 10–6 loss.


1893 Colorado Silver and Gold football team
The 1893 Colorado Silver and Gold football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1893 college football season. The season marked the program's first conference affiliation, having joined the Colorado Football Association, and was the program's last season without a head coach. The team recorded a record of 1–1 in the CFA and 2–3 overall.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum
On November 7, 1893, a referendum on women's suffrage was held in Colorado that secured women's voting rights. Subsequently, Colorado became the first American state to enact women's suffrage by popular referendum. The act granted women the right to vote "in the same manner in all respects as male persons are."


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background
Before Colorado, many western states had already granted women's suffrage, most notably Wyoming and Utah. Influenced by the actions of female activists in those states, Colorado's own suffrage movement began to gain traction in the 1870s. Throughout the earlier half of the decade, many propositions urging legislators to grant suffrage were defeated.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background
On January 10, 1876, suffrage advocates held a convention at the Unity Church in Denver, intending to influence the state's constitutional convention. The convention established the Territorial Women's Suffrage Society, which turned into the Women's Suffrage Association of Colorado once Colorado was granted statehood. The Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association was eventually backed by Governor John Routt. A minority report was created and sent to the convention. Women were not granted the right to vote, but they were granted the right to vote in school elections and hold school offices.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background
With the backing of John Routt, the women's suffrage movement gained traction. In 1877, male legislators decided to hold a referendum to determine the voting status of women. Although the movement gained the recognition of many popular suffrage advocates, such as Susan B. Anthony, suffrage was defeated. Legislative efforts between 1877 and 1893 were sparse. In 1881, a bill for municipal suffrage was sent to Legislature and lost. However, during that time, many grassroots organizations still were still holding meetings and advocating for women's rights.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Historical background
In 1893, the Ninth General Assembly passed a motion to put the question of women's suffrage up for election. As a result, the Colorado Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association was integral to the 1893 referendum. It was a grassroots coalition of women's organizations, churches, political parties, charity groups, unions and farmers alliances. Having no members or money to their name, the organization toured around the state, rallying for support. Their campaign pivoted to directly address the women of Colorado: "Women of Colorado, do you know the opportunity that is before you this fall? Do you know that there is a possibility you may rise to legal equality with man?” one leaflet asked the state’s women. “Awake from your indifference . . . The ballot is the greatest power and protection of this day and age.”


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, 1893 Referendum
The act itself was drafted by lawyer J. Warner Mills of Denver and sponsored by Rep. J.T. Heath of Montrose County. After the bill was presented in the Colorado General Assembly, anti-suffragists placed a copy of their journal, the Remonstrance, on the desk of ever legislator. The suffrage bill left committee and went to the House on January 24, 1893. After a first attempt, the bill failed in the house by 39 to 21. It came up for another vote on March 8. At this vote, it passed 34 to 27. It was then introduced in the Senate and passed there on April 3 by 20 to 10. Then the bill was signed by governor Davis Hanson Waite. The general election where the referendum would appear would be held in fall of 1893.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, 1893 Referendum
In the end, 55% of the electorate turned out to vote, with 35,798 voting in favor and  29,551 voting against. The Delta Independent had a headline that read "Women will vote in this state just like a man" after women won the vote.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Legacy
In the months after the passing of the 1893 Suffrage Bill, the number of women learning political history skyrocketed. One Denver firm reported selling a larger number of books on political economy during the first eight months than they had in the 20 years before. The following year, three Colorado women - Clara Cressingham, Carrie Clyde Holly and Frances Klock - became the first women to be elected to any legislature in U.S. history when they were elected to the Colorado House of Representatives. However, despite this support, the General Assembly was almost entirely controlled by men. Women were, however, able to exert their influence a little, through the enaction of Prohibition bills. Even after legislation passed, the Non-Partisan Equal Suffrage Association remained active for many years, advocating for suffrage in other states across America.


1893 Colorado women's suffrage referendum, Legacy
In 1919 the US congress voted in favor of the 19th amendment and needed 36 states to vote in its favor. This amendment was ratified on December 15th, 1920 by Colorado. Colorado was one of 35 other states that had recognized women's suffrage rights in 1920.


1893 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1893 Cork Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1893 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 16 July 1893, Dromtarriffe won the championship following a 0-05 to 0-03 defeat of Castlemartyr in the final at Cork Park. It remains their only championship title.


1893 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1893 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the seventh staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1893 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 25 June 1893, Blackrock won the championship following a 2-05 to 1-01 defeat of Redmonds in the final. This was their fourth championship title and their first title in two championship seasons.


1893 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1893 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 3–5–1 record.


1893 County Championship
The 1893 County Championship was the fourth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 11 May to 28 August 1893. Yorkshire County Cricket Club claimed their first title, ending Surrey's run of three consecutive titles.


1893 Crescent Athletic Club football team
The 1893 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Crescent Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1893 college football season. The team played its home games at Eastern Park in Brooklyn and compiled a 3–6 record. J. Harry Sheldon, a member of the Crescent team since 1887, served as the team's captain.


1893 Dartmouth football team
The 1893 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1893 college football season.