1871 Chicago White Stockings season
The 1871 Chicago White Stockings season was the 2nd season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 1st in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players and the 1st at Union Base-Ball Grounds.


1871 Chicago White Stockings season
With the debut of the first professional baseball league, the National Association, the Chicago franchise joined up as the "White Stockings." The team went 19–9 and finished second in the league standings. Pitcher George Zettlein started all 28 of Chicago's games and led the NA with a 2.73 earned run average.


1871 Chicago White Stockings season
Near the end of the season, the team lost its stadiums and equipment when the Great Chicago Fire hit the city. The team was able to finish out the season on the road, but had to drop out of the league while the city attempted to recover. The team would not resurface until 1874.


1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1871, Joseph Medill defeated Republican/Democratic nominee Charles C. P. Holden by a landslide 46-point margin.


1871 Chicago mayoral election
Holden was president of the Common Council, and constructed the Landmark Holden Block in 1872.


1871 Chicago mayoral election
The election took place on November 7, a month after Chicago suffered the calamity of the Great Chicago Fire.


1871 Chicago mayoral election
The administration of the election was challenging because the majority of Chicago's voting records had been incinerated by the Great Chicago Fire, meaning that there were few resources to prevent individuals from voting more than once.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Incumbent Democrat Roswell B. Mason did not run for reelection.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Holden was supported by both the city's Republican Party and Democratic Party.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Medill ran on the "Union-Fireproof" ticket. The Union-fireproof ticket had been formed by a group of Chicago businessmen and civic leaders led by Carter Harrison Sr. Despite their drafting of Medill, he initially refused the nomination. Medill was preoccupied with the task of running his Chicago Tribune newspaper business, particularly after its headquarters building had been lost in the fire. However, after several days of being pressured to accept the nomination, he agreed to run on the condition that the Illinois State Legislature would enact a new city charter for Chicago which gave more formal power to the mayor. In his speech accepting the nomination, he noted that he would likely resign as mayor if the legislature failed to pass such a charter. The ticket was a liberal reform one.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
In his campaign, Medill promised to enact strengthened building regulations and fire codes. Medill also promised to rebuild the city, implement blue laws, and address the city's crime problems.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Holden had been nominated by the local Democratic Party organization, which at the time was very weakly organized. The party's main base of support came from the city's immigrant community. Holden was the alderman from the city's Tenth Ward and had served as president of the City Council during Mason's mayoralty.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Results
Medill won a landslide victory. The "Union-Fireprooof" ticket also saw its nominees for City Treasurer and City Collector elected as well. However, seven aldermen were elected from the Democratic ticket, providing the Democrats with one-third of the city council.


1871 Chicago mayoral election, Results
Medill was the city's first foreign-born mayor. Only one subsequent mayor has been foreign born, Anton Cermak.


1871 Chilean presidential election
The Chilean presidential election of 1871 took place through a system of electors, and resulted in the election as President of Federico Errázuriz Zañartu.


1871 City of Auckland West by-election
The 1871 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held  on 1 September 1871 in the City of Auckland West electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate.


1871 City of Auckland West by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Williamson. His earlier election had been declared invalid, as he held the position of Commissioner of Crown Lands.


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season
The Cleveland Forest Citys played their first season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished eighth in the league with a record of 10-19. Pitcher Al Pratt led the NA in strikeouts, with 34.


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game
The honor of playing the first game of the newly organized National Association of Professional Baseball Players was decided by coin flip.


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game
Bobby Mathews, 5'5", 140 lbs, and 20 years old, hurled a 2-0 shutout for the Kekiongas. Deacon White, catcher for the Cleveland Forest Citys got 3 hits in 4 at-bats; the other Cleveland players only shared 2 hits among them. Deacon White scored the first hit, the first extra-base hit (a double) and was the first to hit into a double-play.


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game
The game was rained out in the top of the 9th inning. Attendance was 200.


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, First game
Bobby Mathews, who went on to play five seasons each in the National Association, National League, and American Association, is the only player ever to pitch 100 games or to win at least 50 in three different major leagues. He is credited with inventing the spitball and the out-curve. Deacon White was another historic player, ending his 22-year career as playing owner of Buffalo's Brotherhood team.


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Cleveland Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1871. It was the fourth consecutive contest between the same two major party nominees. Former governor and Republican nominee Marshall Jewell defeated incumbent governor and Democratic nominee James E. English with 50.05% of the vote.


1871 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The race was extremely close, with English finishing ahead in the initial count. However, a canvassing committee found a series of English's votes to be fraudulent and had errors that caused them to be disqualified. An investigation into the votes in Cheshire also added 23 votes to Jewell's total. These events placed Jewell ahead in the vote count with a majority. Jewell would be declared the winner and be seated as governor several days into the next term, and inaugurated governor on May 16, 1871.


1871 County Limerick by-election
The County Limerick by-election of 1871 was fought on 28 January 1871. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Liberal MP William Monsell, becoming Postmaster General. It was retained unopposed by William Monsell.


1871 Dover by-election
The Dover by-election of 1871 was held on 25 November 1871. The byelection was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, George Jessel, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by Jessel with a reduced majority  There was a riot following the result.


1871 Dutch general election
Partial general elections were held in the Netherlands on 13 June 1871 to elect half the seats in the House of Representatives.


1871 East Surrey by-election
The East Surrey by-election of 1871 was fought on 26 August 1871.


1871 East Surrey by-election
The by-election was triggered following the death of the sitting Liberal Member of Parliament, Charles Buxton, and was won by the Conservative candidate, James Watney.


1871 East Surrey by-election
Watney sat as the second member of the two-seat constituency until it was abolished at the 1885 election.


1871 English cricket season
1871 was the 85th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Derbyshire County Cricket Club became a first-class club and the last matches were played by Cambridgeshire, who in the days of Bob Carpenter, the first Tom Hayward and George Tarrant had been one of the leading cricket counties.


1871 English cricket season
W. G. Grace surpassed his previous season’s record of 1,808 runs and his 1869 average of 57.39 by scoring 2,739 at the outstanding average of 78.25 at a time when most pitches were still unrolled and very dangerous to batsmen – though the heavy roller was already producing major improvements to Lord’s and eliminating the bottom-of-the-stump shooters. These records were not beaten until Arthur Shrewsbury averaged 78.71 in 1887 and Ranjitsinhji scored 2,780 runs in 1896.


1871 English cricket season, Notes
Hampshire, though regarded until 1885 as first-class, played no inter-county matches between 1868 and 1869 or 1871 and 1874


1871 Fijian House of Delegates election
Elections to the House of Delegates were held in Fiji in the summer of 1871.


1871 Fijian House of Delegates election, Background
After being crowned King of Fiji on 5 June 1871, Seru Epenisa Cakobau called for the election of members of the House of Delegates to scrutinise the proposed constitution.


1871 Fijian House of Delegates election, Results
A total of 30 European members were elected, representing most areas with European settlement. The elected members sat alongside 30 chiefs.


1871 Fijian House of Delegates election, Aftermath
The newly elected House was opened by Cakobau on 1 August. After amendments were made to the constitution, including the creation of a Privy Council and the creation of a Legislative Assembly consisting solely of Europeans, the document was signed by Cakobau on 18 August. Writs were subsequently issued for elections to the Legislative Assembly, which were held by the start of October.


1871 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji in 1871 to elect members of the new Legislative Assembly.


1871 Fijian general election, Background
In June 1871 King Cakobau created a House of Delegates, with elections taking place soon afterwards. The House passed amendments to the constitution, which provided for a Privy Council consisting of a high chief from each province, the governors of provincial councils and members of the cabinet, and an elected Legislative Assembly composed of Europeans. Writs for the elections to the Legislative Assembly were issued on 1 August and the House of Delegates ended its final session on 23 August.


1871 Fijian general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Assembly had 28 elected members, elected from 21 constituencies.


1871 Fijian general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the Assembly was due to meet for the first time on 1 November, but this was postponed until 3 November after strong winds prevented Cakobau from attending. Former mayor of Melbourne James Stewart Butters was elected speaker. Seven of the elected members decided to go into opposition and formed the Constitution Party with Robert Wilson Hamilton as chairman.


1871 Fijian general election, Aftermath
Fresh elections were due to be held in 1873 with Fijians allowed to vote. However, following protests by Europeans, the elections were cancelled. The next elections did not take place until 1905.


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season
The Fort Wayne Kekiongas played their first and only season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished seventh in the league with a record of 7-12.


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game
The honor of playing the first game of the newly organized National Association of Professional Baseball Players was decided by coin flip.


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game
Bobby Mathews, 5'5", 140 lbs, and 20 years old, hurled a 2-0 shutout for the Kekiongas. Deacon White, catcher for the Cleveland Forest Citys got 3 hits in 4 at-bats; the other Cleveland players only shared 2 hits among them. Deacon White scored the first hit, the first extra-base hit (a double) and was the first to hit into a double-play.


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game
The game was rained out in the top of the 9th inning. Attendance was 200.


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, First game
Bobby Mathews, who went on to play five seasons each in the National Association, National League, and American Association, is the only player ever to pitch 100 games or to win at least 50 in three different major leagues. He is credited with inventing the spitball and the out-curve. Deacon White was another historic player, ending his 22-year career as playing owner of Buffalo's Brotherhood team.


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Fort Wayne Kekiongas season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 French legislative election
Legislative elections were held in France on 8 February 1871 to elect the first legislature of the French Third Republic, the unicameral National Assembly. The elections were held during a situation of crisis in the country, as following the Franco-Prussian War, 43 departments were occupied by Prussian forces. As a result, all public meetings were outlawed and Paris was the only city where an election campaign took place.


1871 French legislative election
The electoral law allowed candidates to run in more than one seat at a time. As a result, several candidates were elected in more than one seat, with Adolphe Thiers elected in 86 constituencies. A series of by-elections were subsequently held on 2 July to elect representatives for the 114 vacant seats.


1871 French legislative election
This election saw the victory of monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists), favourable to peace with the German Empire, with a large majority.


1871 French legislative election in Algeria
Elections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria in February 1871. Two members were elected from each of the three départements, Algiers, Constantine and Oran. However, two winning candidates (who both stood in Algiers and one also in Oran) also won seats in mainland France, and by-elections were held in Algiers on 11 July and Oran on 12 July.


1871 French legislative election in Algeria, Electoral system
The franchise was restricted to French citizens, which prevented most of the Muslim Arab population from voting; Muslims were deemed to be French subjects falling under the Muslim personal status law. Although they could request citizenship, few did as it involved committing apostasy as it required them to renounce Muslim law.


1871 French legislative election in Algeria, Results
Gambetta and Garibaldi were both also won seats in mainland France. By-elections were held in Algiers on 11 July in which Auguste Warnier (6,038 votes) and Benoît Vuillermoz (6,371 votes) were elected. Vuillermoz later resigned and was replaced by Adolphe Crémieux, who defeated Bertholon by 5,552 votes to 4,446.


1871 French legislative election in Algeria, Results
Andrieu resigned shortly after winning his seat. With Gambetta also having resigned his Oran seat due to winning elsewhere, a by-election for both seats was held on 12 July in which Alexis Lambert and Rémy Jacques were elected. However, their election was annulled by the National Assembly (the totals won by the two candidates - 5,059 and 2,288 - exceeded the total number of votes - 7,193) but were both re-elected in January 1872.


1871 French legislative election in Senegal
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Senegal on 3 April 1871 as part of the wider French elections. Lafon de Fongaufier was elected.


1871 French legislative election in Senegal, Electoral system
The single Senegalese seat in the National Assembly had been abolished by a decree of 2 February 1852. However, it was restored in 1871.


1871 French legislative election in Senegal, Aftermath
A new electoral law was passed in 1875 that did not mention Senegal, meaning no MP was elected in 1876. However, a decree of 1879 reinstated the seat.


1871 Galway County by-election
The County Galway by-election of 1871 was held on 21 February 1871. The byelection was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Hubert de Burgh-Canning. It was won by the unopposed pro Home Rule candidate Mitchell Henry. The gain was retained in the 1874 general election.


1871 German federal election
The first federal elections were held in Germany on 3 March 1871. The National Liberal Party emerged as the largest party in the Reichstag, with 117 of the 382 seats. Voter turnout was just 51.0%.


1871 Grand National
The 1871 Grand National was the 33rd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 21 March 1871.


1871 Halifax by-election
The Halifax by-election of 1871 was fought on 13 March 1871. The by-election was caused by the incumbent Liberal MP, James Stansfeld, becoming President of the Poor Law Board. It was retained by James Stansfeld who was unopposed.


1871 Hereford by-election
The Hereford by-election of 1871 was held on 28 February 1871. It was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Edward Henry Clive. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Arbuthnot.


1871 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1871 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 26 August 1871. It was the first mayoral election of the Invercargill municipality.


1871 Invercargill mayoral election
Former Superintendent of the Southland Province William Wood defeated John Walker Mitchell, becoming the first Mayor of Invercargill.


1871 Iowa Senate election
In the 1871 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the fourteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 34 of the state senate's 49 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1871 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 43 seats to Democrats' seven seats.


1871 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 19 Senate seats.


1871 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1871 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 42 seats and Democrats having eight seats (a net gain of 1 seat for Democrats).


1871 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1871 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1871. Republican nominee Cyrus C. Carpenter defeated Democratic nominee J. C. Knapp with 61.46% of the vote.


1871 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 1871 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 7, 1871. Incumbent Democrat Preston Leslie defeated Republican nominee George M. Thomas with 58.61% of the vote.


1871 Kiama colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kiama on 12 January 1871 because of the resignation of Henry Parkes. Parkes had resigned in October 1870 due to financial difficulties following the failure of his importing venture, but had been re-elected at the subsequent by-election. Barely one month later Parkes was forced into bankruptcy and had to resign again.


1871 Liberian general election
Presidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1871. Former president Joseph Jenkins Roberts of the Republican Party was elected unopposed. Roberts took office on 1 January 1872.


1871 Limerick City by-election
The Limerick City by-election of 1871 was fought on 20 September 1871. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Francis William Russell. It was won by the Home Rule League candidate Isaac Butt, who was unopposed. The gain was retained by the Home Rule League at the 1874 general election.


1871 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains on 9 January 1871 because Charles Cowper had been appointed Agent General in London.


1871 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election, Candidates
John Robertson was already a member of the Legislative Assembly, for the electorate West Sydney. At the nominations Hanley Bennett produced a telegram from Robertson stating that he would not oppose Lewis Levy and would not sit if elected.


1871 Liverpool Plains colonial by-election, Polling places
Polling was delayed at Breeza and Quirindi Inn because of floods and a mistake by a postmaster.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1871. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election, Election result
Because of the large number of uncontested seats, these statistics should be taken in that context.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election, Aldermanic Election
At the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1877, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1871 for a term of six years.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 30 December 1871
The death of Alderman Raymond William Houghton JP was reported to the Council on 20 December 1871.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 30 December 1871
Councillor Andrew Barclay Walker (Conservative, South Toxteth, elected 1 November 1870) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 20 December 1871.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 4, St. Paul's, 20 March 1872
The death of Alderman John Hayward Turner JP was reported to the Council on 6 March 1871.


1871 Liverpool Town Council election, By-elections, No. 4, St. Paul's, 20 March 1872
William Barton (Conservative, St. Paul's, elected 1 November 1869) was elected as an Alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 11 March 1872.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake
An earthquake struck near the Hawaiian island of Lanai on February 19, at 10:11 pm HST with an estimated magnitude of 7.0–7.5 on the Richter scale. It remains one of the largest seismic events to hit the Hawaiian Islands since the 1868 Ka‘ū earthquake, with its effects being felt throughout the entire archipelago. It caused severe damage on the islands of Lanai, Molokai and Maui. A tsunami may have been generated however there are speculations of it had really happened. Despite the size of the quake and the extent of damage, no lives were lost.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Hawaiian Islands is situated in the middle of the Pacific Plate, far from any known plate boundary, where most of the world's earthquakes occur. This island chain is a product of hotspot volcanism where magma is able to make its way up to the crust and onto the surface, creating volcanoes. Hawai'i or the Big Island is the youngest volcanic island and marks where the hotspot currently is.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Earthquake
The estimated magnitude 7.5 earthquake is currently the third-largest to occur in the Kingdom of Hawaii, behind the 1868 and 1975 quakes. The most likely source of this event is the Molokai Fracture Zone, a structure in the Pacific Ocean seafloor that separates 85 million-year-old and 100 million-year-old oceanic lithosphere. It runs through the island chain near Lanai and Maui. Along this part of the fracture zone, stress due to the weight of the Hawaiian Islands may have resulted in slippage along the structure at a deep depth, in the oceanic crust basement. The same seismic zone is suspected to have produced an Mw 6.8 earthquake in 1938 near Maui.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Earthquake, Tsunami
A tsunami was thought to have accompanied the earthquake shortly after, as mentioned in several local newspapers and reports. This claim however is doubtful as the claims were vague and other eyewitnesses along the shores did not report any large waves.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Impact, Lanai
The earthquake reportedly lasted 55 seconds to a minute with shaking directed in a northeast to southwest motion. The most extreme shaking was felt on the islands of Maui and Lanai where the values on the Mercalli intensity scale range from VIII to XI. There, fractures formed along the slopes, and rocks that broke off from peaks collapsed. Between Manele Bay and Kamaiki Point, Pali Kaholo; a well-known cliff, collapsed into the ocean.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Impact, Lanai
In Lahaina, almost every adobe and brick building was destroyed. A mission church sustained cracks in its walls. The courthouse and a stone building were also damaged. It was reported that every fence and wall fell towards the north. At the pier, a crack 14.6 meters long appeared.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Impact, Oahu
In Oahu, the earthquake cracked walls and split two houses. In Ewa, the belfry of a Catholic church supported by cast-iron pillars was completely destroyed. In Waianae, ground fissures and land slumps were widely reported. Some landslides and rockfalls resulted in road blockage. Plasters on homes, offices, and a courthouse fell down in Honolulu. In addition, chimneys at the Punahou School in Honolulu were also knocked off.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Impact, Oahu
On the Mercalli intensity scale, the earthquake's intensity was likely VI (Strong), and it lasted some 30 to 45 seconds. The quake caused panic and hysteria, some residents fainted while others began praying. Some residents reported feeling nauseated and started to vomit. Overall, damage in Oahu was moderate, with some structures compromised and a number of collapses reported.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Impact, Molokai
In Molokai, the earthquake overturned furniture and kitchen items in homes. Stone houses began to crack as the ground shook. Parts of a Catholic church fell to the ground, and plasters came off most buildings in the area. Ground fissures tore through the landscape, breaking roads. The severity of shaking corresponds towards VIII to IX. North-central Molokai had weaker intensities at VI to VII.


1871 Lāna`i earthquake, Impact, Hawaii
A direct observer wrote in a letter stating that the shaking was "as severe as" the 1868 earthquake. The sound of roaring was heard during the quake, which was described as having a great intensity and weakening, ending with an extremely violent shock before the shaking had stopped. Stone walls everywhere toppled in Kawaihae.


1871 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1871 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 11, 1871. Incumbent Republican Governor Sidney Perham defeated the Democratic candidate Charles P. Kimball.


1871 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1871 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1871.


1871 Maryland gubernatorial election
Democratic candidate William Pinkney Whyte defeated Republican candidate Jacob Tome.


1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Incumbent Republican Governor William Claflin did not run for a fourth term in office. He was succeeded by Republican U.S. Representative William B. Washburn, who defeated Democrat John Quincy Adams II.


1871 Massachusetts legislature
The 92nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1871 during the governorship of Republican William Claflin. Horace H. Coolidge served as president of the Senate and Harvey Jewell served as speaker of the House.


1871 Meath by-election
The Meath by-election of 1871 was fought on 17 January 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Matthew Corbally. It was won by the Home Rule candidate John Martin.


1871 Meath by-election
Martin was elected by a margin of 2–1 as the first Home Rule MP representing Meath, representing first Isaac Butt's Home Government Association and from November 1873 the Home Rule League. This was unusual for a Protestant in a Catholic constituency, and is a measure of the popular esteem Martin was held in, he was commonly known as "Honest John Martin". He retained his seat in the February 1874 general election as one of 60 Home Rule members.


1871 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico in 1871. In the presidential election, no candidate received more than 50% of the popular vote, resulting in Congress electing the winner. Having received 48% of the popular vote, incumbent president Benito Juárez was elected by Congress with 108 of the 116 votes cast. Following the elections, losing candidate Porfirio Díaz launched a rebellion.


1871 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1871 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871 to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent Horace Austin was reelected to a second term.


1871 Monaghan by-election
The Monaghan by-election of 1871 was fought on 22 July 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Charles Powell Leslie III. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Leslie.


1871 Monmouthshire by-election
The Monmouthshire by-election of 1871 was held on 4 March 1871. The byelection was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Poulett Somerset. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Lord Henry Somerset.


1871 New England colonial by-election
A by-election for the seat of New England in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 6 January 1871 because of the resignation of Charles Weaver to accept appointment as a police magistrate at Gosford.


1871 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1871 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Democratic nominee Joel Parker defeated Republican nominee Cornelius Walsh with 51.88% of the vote.


1871 New York Mutuals season
The New York Mutuals baseball team (1857 – 1876) joined the National Association for the league's debut season in 1871. The Mutuals went 16-17 and finished in fifth place. Pitcher Rynie Wolters led the NA in runs batted in, with 44.


1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 New York Mutuals season, Player stats, Starting pitchers, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 New York state election
The 1871 New York state election was held on November 7, 1871, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1871 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on October 4 at Rochester, New York, and re-nominated six of the seven incumbents. Only Diedrich Willers, Jr., was nominated for Secretary of State in place of Homer A. Nelson.


1871 New York state election, Results
In the wake of the Tweed and Canal Ring scandals, the whole Republican ticket was elected.


1871 New York state election, Results
The incumbents Nichols, Champlain, Bristol, Richmond, Chapman and McNeil were defeated.


1871 New York state election, Results
97 Republicans, 25 Democrats and 6 Reform Democrats were elected for the session of 1872 to the New York State Assembly.


1871 New Zealand census
The 1871 New Zealand census was New Zealand's sixth national census. The day used for the census was Monday, 27 February 1871. It was the first census held in New Zealand for which separate reports were produced.


1871 New Zealand census
The total population of the Colony of New Zealand was counted as 256,393 of whom 150,356 were Males and 106,037 Females - an increase of 37,725 people, 17.25% since the previous 1867 census. Only the European population was counted; no Māori census was held.


1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings
The distribution of this population through the principal divisions of the Colony was as follows:


1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings
Note: Includes Stewart Island and (Chatham Islands Males 89, Females 44, Total 133)


1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings, Birthplace
The figures show that of the total population of specified birthplace had New Zealand-born were 36.46% and a majority of 63.54% were born-overseas of the total resident population.


1871 New Zealand census, Population and dwellings, Religious denominations
Members of Christian denominations formed 94.51 per cent. of those who made answer to the inquiry at the last census; non-Christian sects were 5.49 per cent. ; and those who described themselves as of Otherwise described 2.38 per cent. ; whilst "Objecting to state" religions constituted 3.36 per cent.


1871 New Zealand general election
The New Zealand general election of 1871 was held between 14 January and 23 February to elect 78 MPs across 72 electorates to the fifth session of the New Zealand Parliament. 41,527 electors were registered.


1871 New Zealand general election, Background
1871 was the first general election to include the four Māori electorates, with elections held on 1 and 15 February. The first Māori Members of Parliament had been elected in 1868, but in 1871 three retired and one (Western Maori) was defeated. So in 1871 four new Māori MPs were elected.


1871 New Zealand general election, Background
In 1866 the secret ballot was introduced for general (European) elections. The 1871 general election was the first one at which it was used. The secret ballot not used in Māori electorates until 1938, thus Māori voters continued to inform a polling officer orally of their chosen candidate.


1871 New Zealand general election, Background
The date of election is defined here as the day on which the poll took place, or if there was no contest, the day of nomination. The earliest election day was 14 January 1871. The earliest date in the general electorate results table, 13 January 1871, thus represents William Rolleston being declared elected unopposed in the Avon electorate on nomination day. The last election was held on 23 February 1871 in the Franklin electorate.


1871 New Zealand general election, Background
68 European electorates and 4 Māori electorates were defined by the Representation Act 1870. Six of the general electorates had two representatives, the rest were single member electorates. Hence, 78 MPs were elected. Electorates that were first formed for the 1871 elections were East Coast, Eden, Rodney, Thames, Waikato, Waitemata, Egmont, Manawatu, Buller, Grey Valley, Christchurch East, Christchurch West, Hokitika, Totara, Dunstan, Mount Ida, Tuapeka, Waitaki, Waikaia, and Wakatipu. 41,527 electors were registered.


1871 Newry by-election
The Newry by-election of 1871 was fought on 23 January 1871. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP William Kirk. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Viscount Newry and Morne. The Liberal Party narrowly won the seat at the 1874 general election.


1871 Norwich by-election
The Norwich by-election of 1871 was fought on 22 February 1871. The byelection was fought due to the void election of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Jacob Henry Tillett. It was won by the Liberal candidate Jeremiah James Colman.


1871 Nova Scotia general election
The 1871 Nova Scotia general election was held on 16 May 1871 to elect members of the 25th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.


1871 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1871 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 10, 1871. Republican nominee Edward Follansbee Noyes defeated Democratic nominee George Wythe McCook with 51.75% of the vote.


1871 Ontario general election
The 1871 Ontario general election was the second general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 21, 1871, to elect the 82 Members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").


1871 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Edward Blake, won a slim majority of the seats, and formed the government.


1871 Ontario general election
The Ontario Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, served as the official opposition.


1871 Orán earthquake
The 1871 Orán earthquake that took place in the Province of Salta, in the Republic of Argentina, on Tuesday, 9 October 1871 at 02:15. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.4 Ms. The earthquake was located at a depth of 30 kilometres (19 mi).


1871 Orán earthquake, Damage and casualties
The destructive force of the 1871 Orán earthquake was measured at VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale. It completely destroyed the former city of Orán (now San Ramón de la Nueva Orán), towards the northern parts of the province of Salta. It caused 20 deaths as well as injuries.


1871 Orán earthquake, Aftermath
As a result of the destruction of the original city of Orán, it was later reestablished under the name of San Ramón de la Nueva Orán.


1871 Philadelphia Athletics season
With the debut of the first professional baseball league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, the Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia was one of the first clubs to join. The Athletics had been around since 1860 as an amateur club. Led by their captain and pitcher, Dick McBride, the team went 21-7 and won the first NA title during the 1871 season. Philadelphia's third baseman, Levi Meyerle, led the league with a .492 batting average.


1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Philadelphia mayoral election
The Philadelphia mayoral election of 1871 saw the election of William S. Stokley.


1871 Plymouth by-election
The Plymouth by-election of 1871 was held on 22 November 1871. The byelection was fought due to the resignation in order to become a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas of the incumbent Liberal MP, Robert Collier. It was won by the Conservative candidate Edward Bates.


1871 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 9 July 1871.


1871 Quebec general election
The 1871 Quebec general election was held in June and July 1871 to elect members of the Second Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.


1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote
The right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 and older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of cities and towns, the qualification was being the owner, tenant or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars, or at an assessed yearly value of thirty dollars. For residents of townships and parishes, the requirements were either an assessment of two hundred dollars, or an assessed yearly value of twenty dollars.


1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote
Women were expressly prohibited from voting, "for any Electoral Division whatever".


1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Right to vote
Judges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with duties relating to public revenue. Election officials were also barred from voting.


1871 Quebec general election, Franchise and candidacy, Qualification for the Legislative Assembly
Candidates for the Legislative Assembly had to meet a significant property qualification. A candidate had to own real property in the Province of Canada, worth at least £500 in British sterling, over and above any encumbrances on the property.


1871 Quebec general election, Electoral map
The Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or "ridings". The 1871 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.


1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The 1867 election was conducted under the election laws of the Province of Canada, which had been continued until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The electoral process of the Province of Canada in turn had been based on the traditional British electoral process, without a secret ballot. Instead, elections were public affairs, with each voter publicly stating the name of the candidate they voted for.


1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The election process began with writs of election issued by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, one for each constituency (also called a "riding"). The writ was directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency and required the Returning Officer to hold a public nomination of candidates, and if necessary a poll, on days to be chosen by the Returning Officer.


1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
On the nomination day, the Returning Officer held a public meeting "in the open air", at a central place in the constituency, and in a place where the public had access, such as in front of a town hall or church in the constituency. The Returning Officer addressed the assembled members of the public from a platform, called a "husting", and called for nominations. If only one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would close the nominations and declare that person elected. If more than one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would grant a poll, to be held at a future date, chosen by the Returning Officer.


1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
On polling day, polls would be held across the constituency. The polls were in held in the open air, or in buildings close to the highways, with free access by the public. It was prohibited to hold a poll in a "tavern or place of public entertainment". The Returning Officer would appoint a Deputy Returning Officer for each polling place, normally the town clerk or other municipal official. Each Deputy Returning Officer would have a poll book. Qualified voters would appear before the Deputy Returning Officer and declare how they voted.


1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The Deputy Returning Officer would record each voter's vote in the poll book. At the close of the polls, the Deputy Returning Officers would deliver the poll books to the Returning Officer. The Returning Officer would then total all of the polls in public, at the place where the nominations had occurred, declare which candidate was elected, and issue a proclamation declaring the election closed. The Returning Officer would then send a report of the election with the return of the writ to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, within fifteen days after the closing of the election.


1871 Quebec general election, Conduct of the election
The elections for the sixty-five provincial constituencies were not all conducted on the same day. The writs of election for each constituency gave the Returning Officer the discretion to set the original nomination day, and the subsequent date for the polling, if more than one candidate were nominated. The 1867 election was spread across the months of August and September.


1871 Quebec general election, Results
The election resulted in a Conservative victory. The Conservatives were maintained in office with a strong majority, although a somewhat reduced seat count. The Liberals improved their standings from twelve seats to nineteen.


1871 Queensland colonial election
Elections were held in the Colony of Queensland (now a State of Australia) between 8 July 1871 and 6 September 1871 to elect the members of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.


1871 Queensland colonial election, Key dates
Due to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.


1871 Ripon by-election
The Ripon by-election of 1871 was held on 15 February 1871. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Lord John Hay. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Henry Knight Storks.


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season
The Rockford Forest Citys played their first and only season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished ninth in the league with a record of 4-21. They folded after the season.


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Regular season
Rockford finished with 4 wins and 21 losses, 15½ games behind the champion Philadelphia Athletics club and good for last place. Player-manager Scott Hastings was found to have violated the "60 day rule" implemented by the league—if a player switched teams during the season, the team had to bench him for 60 days before he could play. Hastings had jumped from a Louisiana team to the Forest Citys in the spring and immediately begun playing for Rockford. This complaint was brought before the league, and the Forest Citys were forced to forfeit 4 of their wins.


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Regular season
The star of the team was Cap Anson, who hit .325 for the Forest Citys and would go on to become the player-manager of the Chicago White Stockings for over 20 seasons. Anson was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1939.


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Rockford Forest Citys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Roslyn by-election
The 1871 Roslyn by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Roslyn in Dunedin on 12 September 1871 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.


1871 Roslyn by-election
The by-election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Henry Driver on 15 August 1871.


1871 Roslyn by-election
The by-election was won by Edward McGlashan. Five candidates contested the by-election.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match
The rugby union match played between Scotland and England on 27 March 1871 was the world's first international rugby match, and also the first international match in any code of football. The match was played at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh in front of 4,000 spectators. Scotland won the match, scoring two tries and a goal to England's single try.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview
The match resulted from a challenge issued in the sporting weekly Bell's Weekly on 8 December 1870 and signed by the captains of five Scottish clubs, inviting any team "selected from the whole of England" to a 20-a-side game to be played under the rugby rules. The game was played at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh, the home ground of Edinburgh Academicals, on 27 March 1871. The English team wore all white, with a red rose on its shirts and the Scots, brown shirts with a thistle and white cricket flannels. Three international matches played according to association football rules had already taken place at the Oval, London, in 1870 and 1871.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview
The team representing England was captained by Frederick Stokes of Blackheath, that representing Scotland was led by Francis Moncrieff; the umpires were Hely Hutchinson Almond, headmaster of Loretto School in Scotland, and A. Ward from England.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview
The matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview
The game, played over two halves, each of 50 minutes, was won by Scotland, who scored a goal with a successful conversion kick after grounding the ball over the goal line (permitting them to 'try' to kick a goal). Both sides achieved a further 'try' each, but failed to convert them to goals, as the kicks were unsuccessful. Angus Buchanan was the first man to score a try in international rugby.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Overview
In a return match at the Kennington Oval, London, in 1872, England were the winners.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Results
Scotland: William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals), Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), Alfred Clunies-Ross (St. Andrew's University), Thomas Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), William Cross (Merchistonians), John Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), Francis Moncreiff (Edinburgh Academicals) (capt. ), Angus Buchanan (Royal HSFP), Andrew Galbraith Colville (Merchistonians), Daniel Drew (Glasgow Academicals), William Forsyth (Edinburgh University), James Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Robert William Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), William John Campbell Lyall (Edinburgh Academicals), James Andrew Whitelock Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), JLH MacFarlane (Edinburgh University), Robert Munro (St. Andrew's University), George Ritchie (Merchistonians), Alexander Hamilton Robertson (West of Scotland), John Shaw Thomson (Glasgow Academicals/St. Andrew's University)


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Results
England: A. G. Guillemard (West Kent), Richard Osborne (Manchester), Arthur Lyon (Liverpool), William MacLaren (Manchester), John Edmund Bentley (Gipsies), Frank Tobin (Liverpool), JF Green (West Kent), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), Benjamin Burns  (Blackheath), JH Clayton (Liverpool), Charles Arthur Crompton (Blackheath), Alfred Davenport (Ravenscourt Park), JM Dugdale (Ravenscourt Park), AS Gibson (Manchester), Alfred St. George Hamersley (Marlborough Nomads), John Luscombe (Gipsies), Charles Sherrard (Blackheath), Frederick Stokes (Blackheath) (capt. ), DP Turner (Richmond), H.J.C. Turner (Manchester)


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary
On 28 March 1871, a report was carried on page 5 of The Glasgow Herald with the title FOOTBALL MATCH - England v Scotland


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary
This great football match was played yesterday, on the Academy Cricket Ground, Edinburgh, with a result most gratifying for Scotland. The weather was fine, and there was a very large turnout of spectators. The competitors were dressed in appropriate costume, the English wearing a white jersey, ornamented by a red rose, and the Scotch brown jersey, with a thistle. Although the good wishes of the spectators went with the Scotch team, yet it was considered that their chances were poor.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary
The difference between the two teams was very marked, the English being of a much heavier and stronger build compared to their opponents. The game commenced shortly after three o'clock, the Scotch getting the kick off, and for some time neither side had any advantage. The Scotch, however, succeeded in driving the ball close to the English goal, and, pushing splendidly forward, eventually put it into their opponents' quarters, who, however, prevented any harm accruing by smartly 'touching down’. This result warmed the Englishmen up to their work, and in spite of tremendous opposition they got near the Scotch goal, and kicked the ball past it, but it was cleverly 'touched down' they got no advantage. This finished the first 50 minutes, and the teams changed sides.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary
For a considerable time after the change the ball was sent from side to side, and the 'backs' got more work to do. By some lucky runs, however, the Scotch got on to the borders of the English land, and tried to force the ball past the goal. The English strenuously opposed this attempt, and for a time the struggle was terrible, ending in the Scotch 'touching down' in their opponents' ground and becoming entitled to a 'try'.


1871 Scotland versus England rugby union match, Match summary
This result was received with cheers, which were more heartily renewed when Cross, to whom the 'kick off' was entrusted, made a beautiful goal. This defeat only stirred up the English to fresh efforts, and driving the ball across the field, they managed also to secure a ‘try’, but unfortunately the man who got the 'kick off' did not allow sufficient windage, and the ball fell short. After this the Scotch became more cautious, and playing well together secured after several attempts a second 'try', but good luck did not attend the 'kick off' and the goal was lost. Time being then declared up the game ceased, the Scotch winning by a goal and a 'try'.


1871 Shoalhaven colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Shoalhaven on 21 August 1871 because Thomas Garrett resigned to accept appointment as a police magistrate at Berrima.


1871 South Australian colonial election
Colonial elections were held in South Australia from 14 December to 27 December 1871. All 36 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election.


1871 South Australian colonial election
Since the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier of South Australia lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.


1871 South Australian colonial election
Informal groupings began and increased government stability occurred from the 1887 election. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.


1871 South Norfolk by-election
The South Norfolk by-election of 1871 was fought on 17 April 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, Edward Howes. It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Robert Jacob Buxton.


1871 Spanish general election
General elections to the Cortes Generales were held in Spain on the 8 March 1871. At stake were all 391 seats in the Congress of Deputies. The Progressive-Liberal coalition won the elections.


1871 Spanish general election, History
General elections of Spain of 1871 were held on March 8 under universal male suffrage. The elections were the first held during the brief reign of Amadeo I, once the Constitution of 1869 was approved. Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, a member of the Liberal Union (part of the Progressive-Liberal coalition), was the prime minister before the elections.


1871 St. Louis tornado
The 1871 St. Louis tornado was an F3 tornado that touched down in St. Louis, Missouri on Wednesday, March 8, 1871, at 3:00pm. It traveled east-northeast at 70 miles per hour (113 km/h), cutting a swath up to 250 yards (229 m) wide and 5 miles (8 km) long into East St. Louis, Illinois. The tornado was on the ground for 3 minutes. A total of 30 homes were destroyed and 30 severely damaged. Six railroad depots were destroyed with eight deaths in them. One death occurred on a bridge. Overall, 9 people were killed, 60 injured, and $1,500,000 damage occurred. It is one of four tornadoes (1896, 1927, 1959) that have ripped through the central business district of St. Louis.


1871 Stalybridge by-election
The Stalybridge by-election of 1871 was fought on 1 March 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, James Sidebottom. It was won by the Liberal candidate Nathaniel Buckley.


1871 Tamworth by-election
The Tamworth by-election of 1871 was fought on 28 March 1871. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Henry Bulwer. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Peel.


1871 Troy Haymakers season
The Troy Haymakers played their first season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished sixth in the league with a record of 13–15.


1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Troy Haymakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 Truro by-election
The Truro by-election of 1871 was held on 13 September 1871. The byelection was fought when the incumbent Liberal MP, John Cranch Walker Vivian, resigned to become Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War. It was won by the Conservative candidate James McGarel-Hogg. The Conservatives retained their gain at the 1874 UK general election.


1871 United Kingdom census
The United Kingdom Census 1871 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 2 April 1871. It added the categories of "lunatic" and "imbecile" to those recorded as infirm.


1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Giraffer (talk | contribs) at 07:45, 18 June 2020 (Adding short description: "1871 House elections in California" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1871 were elections for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred on September 6, 1871. Republicans gained both Democratic districts.


1871 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
The 1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on January 17, 1871. Incumbent Republican Senator Henry Wilson was re-elected easily to a third term as a member of the Republican Party. Wilson would not finish the term, since he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1872.


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
At the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of each separate house of the Massachusetts General Court, the House and the Senate.


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background
At the time, the Massachusetts legislature was dominated the Republican Party, whose members held nearly every seat.


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Republican caucus
On January 16, the Republican Party convened in a caucus to renominated Wilson for his third term.


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Republican caucus
A caucus opposed to Wilson voted against a motion to nominate Wendell Phillips by 6 votes to 3.


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election in the House
On January 17, the House voted for Wilson's re-election and sent the vote to the Senate for ratification.


1871 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election in the Senate
On January 20, the State Senate convened and ratified Wilson's re-election by an overwhelming margin.


1871 Victorian football season
The 1871 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1871. The season consisted of matches between football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The Carlton Football Club was the premier club for the season.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season
Four clubs participated in senior football during the 1870 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season
The formal practice of senior clubs playing matches at odds against junior clubs was established during the season. In matches played at odds, the senior team fielded fifteen players and the junior team fielded twenty players. Matches played at odds were quite competitive: the premier club Carlton was unbeaten at even strength against senior clubs, but lost two of five matches played at odds. Three metropolitan junior clubs – Collingwood, Richmond and Carlton United – played against the senior clubs during the year. Senior clubs also played matches against provincial clubs Ballarat (at odds) and Geelong (even strength) during the year.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season
During the 1871 season, the senior clubs competed in specific matches for the Challenge Cup; and, separately, a premier team was selected based on all matches during the season, including Challenge Cup matches.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup
The Challenge Cup which South Yarra had put up for contest at the start of the 1870 season was returned by Albert-park to South Yarra at the end of the year, following the dispute over whether or not Albert-park had formally won it.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup
South Yarra opted to put the trophy up for contest again in 1871. Albert-park declined to contest it, although it continued to play senior games against the other clubs. The remaining clubs – Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra – decided that each club would play the others three times during the season, and the top two would play a single playoff match for the Cup.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup
This meant that the Cup was being contested in a league-type competition, and by traditional definitions was no longer a Challenge Cup with a perpetual holder.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup
Two of the three Carlton-Melbourne matches were postponed by four weeks due to rain, while the two unplayed Carlton-South Yarra matches were scratched as they would have had no effect on the outcome.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Challenge Cup
With this victory in the Grand Final (the first of its kind in history), Carlton claimed undisputed and permanent ownership of the South Yarra Challenge Cup.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership
In addition to winning the Challenge Cup, Carlton was adjudged premiers for the season, and Melbourne were runners-up.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership
The two clubs were the dominant senior clubs in the colony, and the premiership was mostly determined based on the win-loss record in matches between the two: their four matches, including the Challenge Cup Grand Final, yielded one win for Carlton, two draws, and one disputed match (claimed as a win by Melbourne and as a draw by Carlton).


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership
Albert-park was third, having failed to defeat Carlton or Melbourne, but having beaten South Yarra (winless since 1868 in senior matches) during the year.


1871 Victorian football season, 1871 season, Premiership
Carlton's and Melbourne's overall records as reported at each club's annual meeting in 1872 (reporting different results for the disputed match between the teams) are given below. The Senior results include the Challenge Cup final, and matches Carlton and Melbourne played against Geelong.


1871 Washington Olympics season
The Washington Olympics played their first season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished fourth in the league with a record of 15-15.


1871 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1871 Washington Olympics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1871 West Norfolk by-election
The West Norfolk by-election of 1871 was held on 8 February 1871. The by-election was held due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP Thomas de Grey. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate George Bentinck.


1871 West Staffordshire by-election
The West Staffordshire by-election of 1871 was fought on 13 June 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Hugo Francis Meynell Ingram. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Francis Monckton.


1871 Westmeath by-election
The Westmeath by-election of 1871 was fought on 17 June 1871. The byelection was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, William Pollard-Urquhart. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Patrick James Smyth, who was unopposed. The gain was retained at the 1874 general election.


1871 Westmorland by-election
The Westmorland by-election of 1871 was fought on 21 February 1871. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Thomas Taylor becoming Baron Kenlis and so losing his House of Commons seat due to his elevation to the House of Lords. It was won by his son Thomas Taylor, who stood unopposed as the Conservative candidate.


1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Republican Party Cadwallader C. Washburn was elected with 53% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate James Rood Doolittle. Incumbent Governor Lucius Fairchild did not seek re-election.


1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
Both major party candidates in this election had served as delegates to the Peace Conference of 1861 which attempted to avert the American Civil War.


1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Democratic Party
James Rood Doolittle had served twelve years as a Republican United States Senator before becoming the Democratic Party's nominee for Governor in the 1871 election. Prior to his service in the U.S. Senate, Doolittle had been a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge.


1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Republican Party
Cadwallader C. Washburn had just left office as Congressman for Wisconsin's 6th congressional district, having served a total of ten years in the United States House of Representatives. Between his years in Congress, Washburn had served as a Union Army general in the Civil War under Ulysses S. Grant.


1871 York by-election
The York by-election of 1868 was a by-election held in England on 14 February 1871 for the House of Commons constituency of York. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Joshua Proctor Brown Westhead. It was won by the unopposed Liberal candidate George Leeman.


1871 college football season
The 1871 college football season is the only year since the first season in 1869 in which no games were played.


1871 college football season
Princeton did play several games against a Princeton Theological Seminary team in 1871, although the Tigers considered these "practice" (or exhibition) games, and the general convention is not to count these as official games.


1871 college football season
Only two college football games had been played in each of the previous seasons (1869 and 1870) by only three teams (Rutgers, Princeton, and Columbia).


1871 college football season
Because no games were played, 1871 is the only year since college football play began in which no college football national champion has been named, retroactively or otherwise.


1871 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1871 in Australia.


1871 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1871.


1871 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1871 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1871 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1871 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Editorial says Confederation is British Columbia's chance to remake itself


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Canada should refuse to permanently share its inshore fishery with U.S.A.


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Manitoba Lieutenant Governor Archibald agrees to release four Indigenous prisoners before negotiating Treaty 1


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Archibald urges Indigenous people to "adopt the habits of the whites" (farming) for more comfort and safety from famine and sickness


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Commissioner Simpson says in Manitoba's "immense cultivable acres," large reserves are not allowed, and treaty terms are "a present"


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Treaty terms with large reserves are demanded by Indigenous leaders, with one calling himself "the lawful owner" of his people's land


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Indigenous leaders continue to make "extravagant demands" and Commissioner Simpson says take it or leave it, settlers are coming


1871 in Canada, Historical documents
Manitoba Lieutenant Governor thanks residents for rising to resist the Fenian invasion


1871 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1871 in Chile.


1871 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1871 in New Zealand.


1871 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law
The 1871 election takes place between 14 January and 1 February. The 5th New Zealand Parliament commences.


1871 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government and law
1 February – Māori elections are held for the first time in conjunction with a general election, although the first Māori MPs had been elected in 1868.


1871 in New Zealand, Sport, Athletics
The first amateur club is formed, in South Canterbury. Professional athletics is already well established.


1871 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1871 in South Africa.


1871 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1871 to Wales and its people.


1871 in association football
The following are events in 1871 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.


1871 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1871  throughout the world.


1871 in baseball, National Association final standings
The tenth founding member, the National club of Washington, did not enter a team for the championship until 1872.


1871 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1871.


1871 in paleontology
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1871.


1871 in poetry
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun


1871 in poetry
— From Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky", published as part of Through the Looking Glass


1871 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1871 in poetry, Works published in English, United Kingdom
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1871 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1871 in poetry, Deaths
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1871 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1871.


1871 in science
The year 1871 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1871 in sports
1871 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1871 års fattigvårdförordning
1871 års fattigvårdförordning (English: Poor Relief Regulation of 1871) was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public Poor relief in the Sweden. It replaced the 1847 års fattigvårdförordning and was in effect until the Poor Care Law of 1918.


1871 års fattigvårdförordning
In 1847, the first Swedish social help system separate from the church had been organized by the 1847 års fattigvårdförordning. It was adjusted only to a very minor degree by the 1853 års fattigvårdförordning.


1871 års fattigvårdförordning
The rapid changes during the mid 19th-century, including industrialisation, urbanization, labour movement and socialism, created an opposition toward public social projects among the ruling elite, who came to regard them as communism. The law from 1847, which was influenced by the liberalism of the 1840s, came to be regarded as too generous, and gradually the authorities came to practice it more and more strictly. This was illustrated during the Swedish famine of 1867–1869, when emergency relief was delivered almost exclusively to those willing to work for it. A growing opinion felt that society should take responsibility only for orphans, the aged, the insane and the mentally or physically challenged, and deny any form of assistance to all adults who were physically and mentally healthy.


1871 års fattigvårdförordning
In 1871, the law of 1847 was reformed. While the organisation and the system introduced in 1847 was kept in form, the law of 1871 introduced more strict qualifications as to whom should be allowed to receive social benefits. By this reform, social benefits was banned for everyone except for those physically or mentally unable to work, such as orphans, the aged, the insane and the mentally or physically challenged, and further more banned the right to appeal a decision made by the Poor Care Board.


1871 års fattigvårdförordning
The law of 1871 was thereby a severe deterioration of social help in Sweden, and those needing no longer qualified to apply for help from the state because of the new regulations was forced to rely on private charity (foremost the local Fruntimmers-skyddsförening) as well as old outdated customs such as rotegång, the pauper auction and child auctions.


1871 års fattigvårdförordning
It was not until the Poor Care Law of 1918 (1918 års fattigvårdslag) that the entire poor relief system in Sweden was truly reformed and the rotegång, the pauper auctions, the child auctions, the poor houses and other old fashioned phenomena were abolished.


1871–72 Barnes F.C. season
This was the tenth season of Barnes Football Club. Barnes participated in the first season of the F.A. Cup, but were unable to progress further than the second round. The club was eliminated by Hampstead Heathens after a replay, despite playing both matches at home with a man advantage.


1871–72 FA Cup
The 1871–72 Football Association Challenge Cup was the first staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup, usually known in the modern era as the FA Cup, the oldest association football competition in the world. Fifteen of the association's fifty member clubs entered the first competition, although three withdrew without playing a game. In the final, held at Kennington Oval in London on 16 March 1872, Wanderers beat the Royal Engineers by a single goal, scored by Morton Betts, who was playing under the pseudonym A. H. Chequer.


1871–72 FA Cup, Background
The Football Association, the governing body of the sport in England, had been formed in 1863, but for the first eight years of its existence, its member clubs played only friendly matches against each other, with no prizes at stake. In 1871, however, Charles Alcock, the association's secretary, conceived the idea for a knock-out tournament open to all member clubs, with a trophy to be awarded to the winners. Alcock's inspiration came from his days at Harrow School, where the houses which comprised the school competed each year for the title of "Cock House".


1871–72 FA Cup, Rules
The rules of the competition stipulated that each team should consist of eleven players, and that each match should last 90 minutes (at this time, the Laws of the Game did not specify these matters). They made no provision for extra time. When a match was drawn after 90 minutes, there would either be a replay, or both teams would be allowed to proceed to the next round; the choice between these alternatives was left to the organising committee's discretion in each case. Matches were officiated by two umpires, one provided by each team: following disputes over the laws in the earlier rounds of the competition, a neutral referee was added in the later rounds


1871–72 FA Cup, Rules
At this time, changes in the laws of the game came into force immediately. Thus the  were used for most of the competition, but the , which introduced the corner kick and the free kick for handball, were used for the last two matches (the final and the semi-final replay between Royal Engineers and Crystal Palace).


1871–72 FA Cup, Format
First Round: 14 teams (with Hampstead Heathens getting a bye) would play against a different team. The seven winners would advance. Hitchin, Crystal Palace, Queen's Park and Donington School all advanced because of either a draw or the match not being played


1871–72 FA Cup, Format
Second Round: The remaining 10 teams would play. The 5 winners would move on.


1871–72 FA Cup, Format
Third Round: 4 teams would play, Queen's Park would advance to the Semi-Final without even playing a single match


1871–72 FA Cup, Format
Semi-Final: With Crystal Palace and Royal Engineers drawing in the Third Round, they would both advance. The four teams all had to replay. The winners all advanced.


1871–72 FA Cup, Format
Final: The two remaining teams would play at the Kennington Oval. The winner would be crowned Champions.


1871–72 FA Cup, Results
Fifty clubs were eligible to enter, but only twelve chose to do so: Barnes, Civil Service, Clapham Rovers, Crystal Palace, Hampstead Heathens, Harrow Chequers, Harrow School, Lausanne, Royal Engineers, Upton Park, Wanderers and Windsor Home Park. Before the first round took place, however, Harrow School, Lausanne and Windsor Home Park all withdrew, reducing the number of entrants to nine. Six other clubs agreed to enter, however, including the leading club in Scotland, Queen's Park.


1871–72 FA Cup, Results
Most of the original entrants are now defunct. Queen's Park continued to compete in the FA Cup until 1887, when the Scottish Football Association banned its member clubs from entering the English competition. They are still active in the lower divisions of the Scottish Professional Football League. Marlow and Maidenhead (now Maidenhead United) are still active, and each has only missed a single season in the history of the competition. A team from the Civil Service still exists, playing in Amateur Football Alliance competitions.


1871–72 FA Cup, Results
The Crystal Palace team from 1871–72 was thought to be a defunct former amateur club, but historians have found links to the Crystal Palace professional club which exists today, although this has still to be officially ratified. The team from Hitchin in the 1870s reformed to become the modern Hitchin Town in 1928.


1871–72 FA Cup, Results
The leading Scottish club Queen's Park entered the competition and managed to reach the semi-finals without having to play a match, due to a combination of an inability to agree venue, opponents withdrawing from the competition and byes. After holding Wanderers to a draw in the semi-final, however, they could not afford to return to London for a replay and were themselves forced to withdraw, giving their opponents a walkover into the final.


1871–72 FA Cup, First round
Although there were seven matches scheduled in the first round, only four took place. Wanderers and Royal Engineers both won their matches by walkover when their opponents withdrew from the competition, and as Queen's Park and Donington School were unable to agree on a mutually acceptable date for the game, they were both allowed to progress to the second round without playing. Due to there being an odd number of entrants, Hampstead Heathens were awarded a bye to the second round. Barnes beat a Civil Service team consisting of only eight players. The first goal in FA Cup competition was scored by Jarvis Kenrick of Clapham Rovers.


1871–72 FA Cup, First round
Queen's Park and Donington School were both permitted to advance to the second round because they could not agree on a venue. Hitchin and Crystal Palace were both permitted to advance to the second round without a replay being played


1871–72 FA Cup, Second round
In the second round Queen's Park and Donington School were again drawn together. This time the school club withdrew from the competition altogether, meaning that Queen's Park progressed to the quarter-final, still without having played a match. At Kennington Oval, The Royal Engineers easily beat a Hitchin team that could muster only eight players. The match between Barnes and Hampstead Heathens ended in a draw after bad light stopped play. The committee ordered a replay (the first in FA Cup history), with the Heathens emerging victorious, despite playing both matches away from home and with only ten players.


1871–72 FA Cup, Third round
Due to there being an odd number of teams left in the competition, Queen's Park received a bye and thus reached the semi-finals without having played a match in the competition. The match between Wanderers and Crystal Palace finished in a draw; both teams were allowed through to the semi-finals. Royal Engineers completed the semi-final line-up after beating Hampstead Heathens. The Heathens never again entered the competition.


1871–72 FA Cup, Third round
Wanderers and Crystal Palace were both permitted to advance to the semi-finals without a replay


1871–72 FA Cup, Semi-finals
All matches from this stage of the competition onwards were played at Kennington Oval in London. Both semi-finals finished in goalless draws and thus went to replays. Queen's Park, however, could not afford to make the long trip from Glasgow a second time and thus withdrew from the competition, giving Wanderers a place in the final. Wanderers proposed thirty minutes of extra time to settle the match, but Queen's Park refused. Royal Engineers secured the second place in the final by defeating Crystal Palace at the second attempt.


1871–72 FA Cup, Final
The final took place at Kennington Oval between Wanderers and Royal Engineers. The Engineers were leading exponents of the tactic of passing the ball, which at the time was known as the "Combination Game" and considered extremely innovative at a time when most teams relied solely on dribbling. Despite this, Wanderers dominated the game and won 1–0 with a goal from Morton Betts. For unclear reasons, Betts played in the final under the pseudonym "A.H. Chequer", derived from his membership of the Harrow Chequers club.


1871–72 Home Nations rugby union matches
There was a single international friendly between the England and Scotland national rugby union teams in the 1871–72 season. With no other recognised rugby union teams in Great Britain or the rest of the world, the encounter between Scotland and England represented the only possible match that could be arranged, and would continue as such until 1875, when Ireland formed their national team.


1871–72 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system
Matches in this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.


1871–72 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland
England: A. G. Guillemard (West Kent), Frederick Mills (Marlborough Nomads), William Moberly (Ravenscourt Park), Harold Freeman (Marlborough Nomads), John Edmund Bentley (Gipsies), Stephen Finney (I.C.E. College), Percival Wilkinson (Law Club), Thomas Batson (Blackheath), James Body  (Gipsies), James Bush (Clifton), Frederick Currey (Marlborough Nomads), D'Aguilar (Royal Engineers), Alfred St. George Hamersley (Marlborough Nomads), Francis Isherwood (Ravenscourt Park), Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), James Mackinlay (St George's Hospital), William Wyatt Pinching (Guy's Hospital), Charles Sherrard (Royal Engineers), Frederick Stokes (Blackheath) capt., Dawson Turner (Richmond)


1871–72 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Scotland
Scotland: WD Brown (Glasgow Academicals), T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), LM Balfour (Edinburgh Academicals), TR Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), RP Maitland (Royal Artillery), JW Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), FJ Moncreiff (Edinburgh Academicals) capt., William Cross (Merchistonians), J Anderson (West of Scotland), EM Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), CW Cathcart (Edinburgh University), Andrew Galbraith Colville (Merchistonians), JF Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), RW Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), W Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), JLH MacFarlane (Edinburgh University), JH McClure (West of Scotland), FT Maxwell (Royal Engineers), JAW Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), Henry Renny-Tailyour (Royal Engineers)


1871–72 Queen's Park F.C. season
The 1871–72 season was the first season of competitive football by Queen's Park.


1871–72 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview
Queen's Park were one of 14 teams to enter the first edition of the FA Cup in 1871–72. The club would go on to reach the semi-finals without playing a match due to a combination of an inability to agree on a venue, opponents withdrawing from the competition and byes. After drawing with Wanderers at a neutral venue in London, Queen's were forced to withdraw as they could not afford to return to London for a replay.


1871–72 Queen's Park F.C. season, Overview
During the club's early years, the team would play in dark blue shirts, grey shorts and black socks. The now traditional black and white hoops weren't introduced until October 1873.


1871–72 in English football
The 1871–72 season was the first season of competitive association football in England. The Football Association introduced their Football Association Challenge Cup (now better known as the FA Cup), a knockout tournament which is the world's oldest national-level football competition.


1871–72 in English football, FA Cup
The competition began on 11 November 1871 when four matches were played. Fifteen clubs had entered but three of those withdrew so there were just twelve actual participants. They included the leading Scottish club, Queen's Park of Glasgow who reached the semi-final in which they drew 0–0 with the eventual winners Wanderers. A replay was required but Queen's Park could not afford the travel costs and withdrew. The other semi-final between Royal Engineers and the original Crystal Palace was also drawn and the Engineers won the replay 3–0. The first-ever final was won by Wanderers who defeated Royal Engineers 1–0 at Kennington Oval in south London. The goal was scored by Morton Betts after 15 minutes' play. Under the original rules of the competition, Wanderers automatically qualified for the next season's final to defend their trophy.


1871–72 in English football, Representative matches
During the course of the season, two matches between teams representing England and Scotland were played at the Kennington Oval. The first was on 18 November 1871 and England won 2–1 with both goals scored by Robert Walker in the first half. Scotland's scorer, near the end of the match, was Henry Renny-Tailyour. The second match was on 24 February 1872 and England won 1–0 with a goal by Charlie Clegg midway through the first half. The crowd was less than a thousand.


1871–72 in English football, Representative matches
These matches are no longer recognised as full internationals because the Scotland team consisted entirely of Anglo-Scots based in the London area, so there were no Scottish residents or players from Scottish clubs. Nevertheless, the games were the forerunners of international football which began the following season when the first official match was played in Glasgow on 30 November 1872.


1871–72 in English football, Honours
(Note: figures in parentheses display the club's tournament record as winners/runners-up.)


1871–72 in Scottish football
Season 1871–72 marked the first occasion in which any football team from Scotland participated in official competition, either at club or international level, when Queen's Park, the foremost club of the day, entered the inaugural FA Cup.


1871–72 in Scottish football, Overview
The foundation of Queen's Park in 1867 had begun to put football, which had persisted in various wholly unorganised recreational forms for centuries, on a more organised basis. A number of other clubs had come into being, occasionally playing challenge matches against each other, but as yet no governing body for the game or organised competitions existed within Scotland. In England, the Football Association (FA) had been in existence since 1863, and in 1871–72 it staged the first ever FA Cup competition. As it was not yet apparent that the FA and its Cup would become primarily English (as opposed to British even worldwide), Queen's Park were invited to enter.


1871–72 in Scottish football, Overview
On the international front, official and fully representative matches had yet to be organised. A series of "England v Scotland" matches in London organised by C. W. Alcock had begun in 1870, however the Scottish sides were almost entirely selected from London residents, these matches are not officially recognised. It would be November 1872 before the first recognised international fixture took place.


1871–72 in Scottish football, FA Cup
Without any precedents to draw on, the first FA Cup was organised on a haphazard basis, as illustrated by Queen's Park's progress. They were drawn in the first round to play Donington School from Lincolnshire, the only other entrants from outwith the Home Counties, but when the clubs were unable to agree a date for the fixture, the FA permitted both to progress to the next round. This time they were paired again, but Donington withdrew from the competition. With five teams left in the competition, Queen's were awarded a bye into the semi-finals, still without having played a match.


1871–72 in Scottish football, FA Cup
The semi-final draw paired Queen's Park with Wanderers, and after raising money by public subscription the Scots travelled to London, where a goalless draw was secured at Kennington Oval. Queen's, however, could not afford to extend their stay long enough for the tie to be replayed and were forced to withdraw from the competition.


1872
1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1872nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 872nd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 72nd  year of the 19th century, and the  3rd   year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1872, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1872 Aberdeen by-election
The Aberdeen by-election of 1872 was fought on 29 June 1872. The election occurred as a result of the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, William Henry Sykes. It was won by the "Moderate Liberal" candidate John Farley Leith against the official Liberal candidate James William Barclay, whose reputation as a Radical led to a split in the local party


1872 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1872 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1872, in order to elect the Governor of Alabama. Republican David P. Lewis, a former Confederate Congressman, won the election, which would mark the last time until 1986 in which a Republican was elected Governor of Alabama.


1872 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1872 Atlantic hurricane season was quiet, lasting from mid-summer through mid-autumn. There were five tropical cyclones, of which four attained hurricane status. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1872 cyclones, significant changes were made to the tracks of Hurricane Two and Hurricane Four in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz, who also proposed smaller changes to the known track of Hurricane Three. Further analysis, in 2003, revised the track of Hurricane Five.


1872 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes five tropical cyclones for the 1872 season. Four storms attained hurricane status, with winds of 75 mph (119 km/h) or greater. Only two of the systems directly impacted land. The second hurricane of the season, was the most intense, with maximum sustained winds up to 100 mph (170 km/h). The first storm of the season was a tropical storm that developed in the Gulf of Mexico on July 9 and made landfall along the US Gulf coast before dissipating over Tennessee.