1885
1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1885th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 885th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 85th  year of the 19th century, and the  6th   year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1885, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1885 American Cup
The 1885 American Cup was the inaugural edition of this tournament staged by the American Football Association. Six teams contended for the first edition played in the 1884–85 season. Five of the teams were from New Jersey and one from New York. The Association and the tournament itself were the result of the success the game had in the previous winter and fall and despite all the teams coming from a relatively limited area it was anticipated that the game would undoubtedly grow.


1885 American Cup
The draw for the first round was reported in newspapers on October 1 1884 after being conducted by the clubs' secretaries at Paterson. The completion of the trophy was announced several days later. The trophy was exhibited in several places around Newark, Paterson and New York. The trophy, originally valued at $200, was described as having "a neat design in silver and gold appropriate figures of foot ballists being engraved on it". Clark ONT became the first winners of the trophy along with the purse of $150.


1885 American Cup, Participants
Clark ONT played at their association ground in the rear of the Kearny Mills. They wore crimson jerseys, white knickerbockers, and crimson stockings. Paterson wore blue and white striped jerseys, white knickerbockers, and blue stockings. The Domestics, also having blue and white for colors, were composed of employees of the Domestic Manufacturing Company and played at their counterparts baseball ground at Williams Hill. However in March 1885 the Domestic company no longer allowed the baseball club to use that name so they simply became the Newark baseball club and their field also became Newark baseball grounds aka Emmett street grounds. The participants hailing from three different cities were as follows:


1885 American Cup, First round
ONT: GK J. Douglas, DF A. Kenworthy, E. Sargent, MF Joe Swithemby, J. Howarth, T. Smith, FW J. Spillane, J. Mitchell, Jack Swithemby, J.McGurk, William Clark Jr.(c)Domestic: GK W. Hollenbeck, DF J. Corby, F. Ward, MF C. Riker, L. Conklin, FW C. Fairchild, R.O'Toole, H.Chadwick(c), T. Bock, T. Butchford, J.Utter.


1885 American Cup, Second round
The secretaries of the remaining three teams met on November 8 in East Newark to make the second round draw which resulted in the Rangers being pitted against New York on Thanksgiving Day with the winner to meet ONT in the final round.


1885 American Cup, Second round
Kearny Rangers: GK D. Ferguson, DF W. Hood, D. Morris, MF John Hood, James Lennox(c), FW R. Raeburn, J. Hill, A. Bolton, H. Ashley, W. Taylor, J.Milner.


1885 American Cup, Final round
The final was played in the snow on Valentine's Day. ONT emerged victorious by a score of 2-1, however captain Mitchell of New York entered a protest indicating that some of the ONT players were not members of the club and that the goal posts were not regulation size. The AFA ordered the game replayed at Paterson.


1885 American Cup, Final round
ONT: GK P. Hughes, DF H. Holden, J. Donnelly, MF Joe Swithemby, J. Howarth, T. Smith, FW P. Garron, William Thornton, Jack Swithemby(c), J. Swarbrick, J.McGurk.New York: GK T. Walker, DF A. Johnston, F. Marsterton, MF W. Sinclair, J. Gold, FW A.Mitchell(c), A. Young, J. Lowe, J. Grant, D. Sinclair, D.McNeil.


1885 Antrim by-election
The Antrim by-election, 1885 was a by-election held on Thursday 21 May 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Antrim in present-day Northern Ireland.


1885 Antrim by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the death, at the age of only 43, of the sitting Conservativel MP James Chaine on 4 May 1885. Chaine had been one of the MPs for the constituency since 1874.


1885 Antrim by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives selected Robert Torrens O'Neill as their candidate. O'Neill, who was 40 years old at the time of the by-election, was the third son of Lord O'Neill and thus a member of the prominent Irish Chichester family headed by the Marquess of Donegall.


1885 Antrim by-election, Candidates
The Liberals chose William Pirrie Sinclair, a 38-year-old, Belfast born merchant and ship owner with business interests in Glasgow, Liverpool and elsewhere.


1885 Antrim by-election, The campaign
O'Neill announced his candidature with the issue of an address to the electors of Antrim, calling himself a Constitutional candidate. He said he would try to advance the interests of the tenant farmers and would support measures to enable them to buy their farms on easy terms. He also pledged strenuously to oppose the admission of atheists to Parliament.


1885 Antrim by-election, The campaign
Sinclair had two main campaigning themes. He favoured some reform of Irish government but opposed Home Rule. He also took a stand against the policies of his own government in opposing the case for coercion laws, for example those which allowed imprisonment without trial or rent boycotts and those giving government officers the power to change trial venues or appoint special juries.


1885 Antrim by-election, Result
Sinclair gained the seat from the Tories with a majority of 139 votes. This seemed to come as something of a surprise to both sides as the Conservatives had been reported as confident and the Liberals rather despondent. The defeat was taken as a bad omen for the Conservatives in view of the forthcoming general election. One commentator put forward the possible explanation that the Conservatives had not taken the election as seriously as they should, given that the general election would soon be upon them.


1885 Antrim by-election, Result
There was a reduced turnout over the previous general election in 1880 and it was felt that the voters too were underwhelmed by the prospect of going to the polls twice in quick succession. The Liberals believed that their candidates stand on Coercion was an important factor. Thomas Alexander Dickson Liberal MP for Tyrone said he had spoken at one of Sinclair's campaign meetings and had been enthusiastically received on this issue.


1885 Antrim by-election, Result
The Times newspaper was sceptical on this as an explanation, which, it reported, could have been down to numerous factors; but it did point to the Coercion question as one which could prove fruitful for the Irish Party at the forthcoming general election and problematic for the Liberals. This certainly seemed to prove true. The Liberals failed to win any seat in what is today Northern Ireland at the 1885 general election, while the Conservatives won sixteen and the Nationalists eight.


1885 Antrim by-election, Result
One psephologist has noted that the fact that the Liberal Party was not in a majority in the House of Commons was caused by the activities of the Irish Nationalists. Charles Stewart Parnell had advised his supporters to vote Conservative if there were no Irish Nationalist candidates running and that it is almost certain the Nationalists caused the loss of at least five, or perhaps seven or more Liberal seats.


1885 Antrim by-election, Result
The Antrim seat itself was abolished for the 1885 election and divided into four single member divisions. Sinclair stood in North Antrim in a three-cornered contest but was not successful. The defeated O'Neil was luckier. He tried his hand in the new seat of Mid Antrim where he beat Sinclair's by-election helper Thomas Dickson.


1885 Antrim by-election, Result
Sinclair did however return to the House of Commons at the 1886 general election as Liberal Unionist Party member for Falkirk Burghs in the central Scottish Lowlands.


1885 Argyle colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Argyle on 31 March 1885 because of the resignation of John Gannon resigned due to ill health.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1885 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1885. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In 1885 there were two tropical storms and six hurricanes in the Atlantic basin. However, in the absence of modern satellite monitoring and remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes eight tropical cyclones for 1885 in the Atlantic basin; two were tropical storms and six were hurricanes. The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Two, which hit Georgia as a Category 2 hurricane, causing 25 deaths. The first cyclone was a tropical storm that existed in the Atlantic between August 7 and August 13 without making landfall. From north of Puerto Rico, Hurricane Two struck the Bahamas but then remained offshore until making a landfall in South Carolina. The hurricane caused considerable damage throughout the Carolinas, Georgia and Maryland.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Also in August, Tropical Storm Three formed in the Gulf of Mexico, before crossing Florida and dissipating off South Carolina. Hurricane Four also grew from a tropical storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico. It brought high winds and flooding to towns along the Gulf coast. This storm also crossed over Florida into the Atlantic and eventually made another landfall at New Brunswick as an extratropical storm. Hurricane Five existed in the tropical Atlantic between September 18 and September 21, without making landfall.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Hurricane Six formed as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico and reached hurricane strength off North Carolina a week later on October 2. The cyclone had impacted both Mississippi and Florida as it had travelled north. Hurricane Seven existed in the mid-Atlantic between September 26 and September 29. The last known cyclone of 1885 was Tropical Storm Eight which formed north of Cuba and impacted Florida. It travelled through the south-east United States and brought gales and flooding to the North Carolina coast.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
A tropical storm was seen on August 7 to the southeast of Bermuda. It moved north-northeastward, and became a hurricane on August 8. It turned to the northeast, and passed offshore of Newfoundland on the 10th as a 90 mph (145 km/h) hurricane. The hurricane weakened over the north Atlantic Ocean, and became extratropical on the 14th.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
A tropical storm was first observed north of Puerto Rico on August 21. It moved to the west, hitting the Bahamas. It paralleled the coast of Florida and Georgia, remaining offshore until its South Carolina landfall on the 25th as a Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane passed across North Carolina just west of Wilmington and Hatteras. At Smithville (Southport) the anemometer was destroyed measuring a wind speed of 98 mph. The maximum wind speed was estimated at125 mph.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The hurricane weakened to a Category 1 hurricane as it accelerated to the northeast, but restrengthened to a 105 mph (169 km/h) Category 2 hurricane on the 27th. It became extratropical on August 28. The storm caused considerable damage at Wilmington, Smithville (Southport), Charleston and at Morehead City. The value of this damage was estimated at $1,790,000. Heavy rains and flooding were also seen across Maryland. At Ellicott City, Maryland lightning set fire to a residence causing damage worth $16,000. In total the hurricane caused 25 deaths.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
A tropical storm formed in the western Gulf of Mexico on August 29. It moved quickly to the northeast, and made landfall on extreme southeastern Louisiana on the 30th as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. After crossing Florida, the storm was last seen off the coast of South Carolina on August 31.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
On September 17, a tropical storm developed in the western Gulf of Mexico near Veracruz, Mexico. It paralleled the Gulf of Mexico coastline to the northeast flooding coastal towns. Winds along the Texas coast at Indianola were reported at 45 miles per hour (72 km/h). After hitting southeastern Louisiana on September 21, the storm crossed Florida. Over the Western Atlantic, it strengthened to become a hurricane on the 22nd before becoming extratropical near its New Brunswick landfall on the 23rd. The storm brought flooding to Indianola and coastal flooding in the Galveston area. Four people died when a coal barge, the Orient, was cast adrift in the Gulf.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
From September 18 to the 21st, a hurricane existed in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles, peaking at 80 mph (129 km/h) before never being seen again.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
A tropical storm formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on September 24. It drifted northward, and hit southeastern Mississippi before turning eastward. It moved across the Florida panhandle and peninsula, and became a hurricane to the southeast of North Carolina on October 2. Its track after this point is unknown.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
A tropical storm in the central Atlantic Ocean moved northward in late September, reaching 90 mph (145 km/h) winds before dissipating.


1885 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight
A tropical storm formed north of Cuba on October 10. It moved northward, and hit Florida as a strong tropical storm. It moved northeastward through the southeast United States, passing west of Jacksonville and later Savannah. It reached southwestern Virginia around midnight on October 12 and became extratropical on the 13th. Gales of 44-56 mph occurred along the North Carolina coast. High tides coincided with the storms passage and led to the waterfront at Smithville (Southport) being flooded.


1885 Aylesbury by-election
The Aylesbury by-election, 1885 was a by-election held on Thursday 16 July 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP Sir Nathaniel Rothschild (usually known as 'Natty') of the famous Rothschild merchant banking family. Rothschild had been one of the two MPs for Aylesbury since 1865. However, since the formation of the Liberal government of W E Gladstone in 1880, Rothschild had become increasingly disillusioned with the policies of his leader. In particular he was odds with Gladstone's foreign policy in the Middle East and domestically he was an opponent of Irish home rule. It is likely that Gladstone agreed to send Rothschild to the House of Lords to reinforce his Liberal sympathies or perhaps to have him replaced in the Commons by someone more supportive of party policy. In neither case was he successful.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, Candidates
The Liberals chose another scion of the Rothschild family, Ferdinand de Rothschild. 'Ferdy' Rothschild, who was aged 46 years at the time of the by-election, was a man of considerable independent means as a result of his family connections and spent most of his time in art collecting and appreciation, although he also had a great fondness for country sports. It was Ferdy who was responsible for the building of the magnificent, Château-like Waddesdon Manor. Ferdinand was the brother-in-law of Natty Rothschild, who was the brother of Ferdy's late wife Evelina (1839-1866). Natty did not like Ferdinand and considered him 'effete, fussy and pretentious'. However politically, as it turned out, Ferdinand was in tune with his brother-in-law as they both moved from the Liberal to the Liberal Unionist Party cutting themselves off from Gladstone on the issue of Ireland.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives, who had history of sharing the Aylesbury seat with the Liberals, chose Mr William Graham as their candidate.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign
Graham announced his candidature and launched his campaign at the market ordinary held at the George Hotel in Aylesbury on 27 June 1885 with a speech to assembled businessmen. Rothschild issued an address to the electors on 30 June. Among the reforms he said he would support were measures for making the transfer of land cheaper and easier, equalising duties on property and the abolition or modification of the law on entail.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign
He was in favour of some degree of the licensing of public houses to be placed in the hands of the ratepayers, deplored the economic conditions which had afflicted rural areas and pledged to do what he could to alleviate hardships and make the cultivation of land more attractive. He stated that every cottage occupier should be given enough garden ground to grow his own food and, like other members of his family, said he was strongly supportive of measures designed to extend and secure civil and religious rights.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign
He was a free trader, opposed to any levies of taxes on imported food. These articulate sounding views may not however have been all Ferdinand's own work. The Liberal politician Lewis 'Loulou' Harcourt regarded Ferdy as something of a political protégée but wrote in his diary that while he was glad Ferdinand had been selected as candidate, senior Liberals had reservations that he was capable of getting through the campaign without someone to look after him. He also recorded that Ferdy was 'profoundly ignorant on all political subjects and was in need of a great deal of cramming'. Fortunately, Harcourt records, he was to visit the constituency soon and speak for Rothschild and no doubt did his best to bring his protégée up to scratch.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, The campaign
Meetings and canvassing took place, with visits from Liberal and Conservative MPs – some were described as 'uproarious' and a free for all took place outside the George Hotel after polls had closed on the evening of 16 July.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, Result
Rothschild comfortably held the seat for the Liberals with a majority of 937 votes. This seems to have come as something of a surprise for the other Liberal MP for Aylesbury, George Russell. On the eve of poll, Russell had confided in Louisa, Lady Knightley of Fawsley, the wife of Tory MP Rainald Knightley, that he was low at the possible outcome of the contest. Lady Knightley recorded in her journal that it would be a triumph if the Conservatives were to beat Rothschild.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, Result
This is confirmed by Loulou Harcourt who wrote in his Journal for 17 July 1885 that when he got a telegram from Rothschild with the result of the by-election he was pleased the majority was very much larger than expected and most satisfactory for most of the electors were agricultural labourers. The result must also therefore have been a relief to Gladstone and the Liberal leadership, although not for too long in view of the Rothschilds' defection to the cause of Liberal Unionism.


1885 Aylesbury by-election, Result
Ferdy Rothschild held his seat as a Liberal at the 1885 general election and retained it as a Liberal Unionist thereafter at every election until dying in office in December 1898.


1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Belmont Stakes
The 1885 Belmont Stakes was the 19th running of the Belmont Stakes, a race that would become the third leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series. Run on June 6, 1885, it was the 19th time the event was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, New York. The race drew six starters and was won easily by Tyrant who beat George L. Lorillard's runner-up St. Augustine by three lengths, with third place going to Preakness Stakes winner Tecumseh owned and trained by Charles Littlefield Sr. Heavily favored, Tyrant's winning time was 2:43 flat over a distance of 1½ miles on a dirt track which was rated as good. The Breeder and Sportsman report on the race stated that "Tyrant won the race in the most easy manner possible."


1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race
In 1884, the two-year-old Tyrant was conditioned for racing on the Rancho Del Paso's three-quarter mile training track but it was decided that the colt was not yet ready for the rigors of competition. As such, Tyrant only began his racing career as a three-year-old in 1885.


1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race
To be prepared and able to compete at racetracks in the New York City area, Tyrant and six other horses along with jockey Patsy Duffy and trainer William Claypool had traveled for 13 days from Rancho Del Paso Stud in Sacramento County, California. The New York racing community marveled at the excellent condition of the seven horses which had been shipped by rail transport in a boxcar specially built for Rancho Del Paso owner James Ben Ali Haggin.


1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race
Tyrant soon showed how good he was with a win in the important Withers Stakes at the Jerome Park track. As reported by the Breeder and Sportsman, Tyrant was trained by William Claypool and the win in the Withers Stakes marked the first time a California horse with a California trainer had won a major race for three-year-olds on the East Coast. About the Belmont Stakes, the Breeder and Sportsman wrote that "out of the original entry of sixty-two horses there were only six left in, most of them having been frightened by Tyrant's victory in the Withers."


1885 Belmont Stakes, Background to the big race
Miss Palmer was the only filly in the field and was in last place shortly after the race began and remained there until the end. While the filly had won the Ladies Stakes on the same track as the Belmont, and had done it impressively, that was just seven days before the Belmont Stakes.


1885 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1885 are the birthday honours announced in 1885 in celebration of the birthday of Queen Victoria.


1885 Birthday Honours, The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
Appointments to the Order of the Bath were published in The London Gazette on 15 June 1885.


1885 Birthday Honours, Order of St Michael and St George
Appointments to the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George were published in The London Gazette on 6 June 1885.


1885 Birthday Honours, Order of the Star of India
Appointments to the Order of the Star of India were published in The London Gazette on 6 June 1885.


1885 Birthday Honours, Order of the Indian Empire
Appointments to the Order of the Indian Empire were published in The London Gazette on 6 June 1885.


1885 Birthday Honours, Knight Bachelor
Appointments of Knight Bachelor were published in Times, London on 6 June 1885.


1885 Boston Beaneaters season
The 1885 Boston Beaneaters season was the fifteenth season of the franchise. The team finished in fifth place in the National League with a record of 46–66, 41 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.


1885 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1885 saw the reelection of Hugh O'Brien.


1885 Brooklyn Grays season
The 1885 Brooklyn Grays finished the season in fifth place. The team added several players from the defunct Cleveland Blues team after team owner Charlie Byrne bought the Blues assets for $10,000 after the 1884 season.


1885 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1885 Brooklyn Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1885 Bruce by-election
The 1885 Bruce by-election was a by-election held on 5 August 1885 in the Bruce electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.


1885 Bruce by-election
The by-election was held after the resignation of Robert Gillies for health reasons. He had won the seat at the general 1884 election.


1885 Bruce by-election
The runner-up James McDonald had represented Bruce up to the 1884 election. A former representative of the Bruce electorate, William Murray, was invited to contest the by-election but he declined.


1885 Bruce by-election
J. C. Anderson was born in Bruce and had farmed there for thirteen years.


1885 Bruce by-election
William Hutchison wrote that he had "many pleasant memories" of the electoratebut another correspondent said it was a "very palpable defeat" and denied that the Kaitangata miners were told how to vote.


1885 Buffalo Bisons season
The 1885 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 38–74 record, good for seventh place in the National League. As things continued to implode on the field, the team ownership sold the whole franchise to the Detroit Wolverines. With all their players gone, the team finished out the season with local amateurs filling in.


1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Buffalo Bisons season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Canterbury colonial by-election
A by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 16 September 1885 because Henry Moses was appointed to the Legislative Council.


1885 Central Cumberland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Central Cumberland on 21 November 1885 because of the resignation of John Lackey who was appointed to the Legislative Council.


1885 Chicago White Stockings season
The 1885 Chicago White Stockings season was the 14th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the 10th in the National League and the 1st at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings won the National League pennant for the first time since 1882, beating the New York Giants by two games. They went on to face the St. Louis Browns in the 1885 World Series. The series ended without a champion, with both teams winning three games with one tie.


1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Chicago White Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Chicago White Stockings season, 1885 World Series
The White Stockings tied the St. Louis Browns in the World Series 3–3–1.


1885 Chicago mayoral election
The Chicago mayoral election of 1885 saw Democratic incumbent Carter Harrison Sr. win an unprecedented fourth term, receiving a majority of voter and narrowly defeating Republican Sidney Smith by a less than half-percent margin of victory.


1885 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Republicans exploited controversies which had tarnished the image of Harrison's administration. Unsubstantiated allegations of voter fraud and patronage had been key controversies throughout his mayoralty. In February 1885, a month before the election, a grand jury found Michael Cassius McDonald's right-hand man Joseph Mackin and others with connections to Harrison guilty of election fraud in the 1884 elections. Despite the fact that no personal wrongdoing on Harrison's part was involved in these charges, the charges against Mackin and others compounded with the preexisting rumors relating to Harrison to foster a public sentiment that challenged Harrison's popularity.


1885 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Citizens groups led by the city's elite forged a strong campaign effort against Harrison, taking advantage of the voter fraud charges against those connected to Harrison.


1885 Chicago mayoral election, Campaign
Harrison lost the support of many liberal German voters that had previously voted for him.


1885 Chicago mayoral election, Results
Less than 50% of the city's German population voted for Harrison.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka
1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka was an ethnic cleansing event that took place in Eureka, California on February 7, 1885.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Background
Anti - Chinese sentiment in the United States had been rising since mid-19th century. Numerous anti-Chinese riots broke out in the west, including California. The San Francisco riot of 1877 led to the formation of the Workingmen's Party of California that same year; its slogan "The Chinese must go!" served to further incite resentment toward Chinese immigrants. The growing sinophobia was reflected in 1882 when the United States Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, ceasing Chinese immigration.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Background
In the Humboldt Bay area, the logging industry drew Chinese laborers, who formed a Chinatown in Eureka around Fourth and E streets. By 1880 the Chinese population in Eureka was reported to be 96.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion
On the evening of February 6, 1885 around 6 pm, Eureka City Councilman David Kendall was caught in the crossfire of two rival Chinese gangs and killed. Two hundred feet from Chinatown was Centennial Hall (built a decade before to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence), where a crowd of over 600 whites gathered and decided to evict the Chinese.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion
Next day, February 7, city resolutions were passed stipulating that "all Chinamen be expelled from the city and that none be allowed to return."


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion
A Committee of Fifteen organized the systemic deportation of virtually all 480 Chinese residents aboard two steamships to San Francisco; only a few Chinese managed to stay within the county.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Expulsion
Amazingly, no fatalities occurred during the expulsion, but Chinatown was demolished, with nothing left behind. To this day, there are few Asians in Humboldt County.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath
This "peaceful" method of expelling Chinese was touted as The Eureka Method (or Eureka Plan), and served as a model for Chinese expulsions in other California cities, including Crescent City (1885), Arcata (1886), Ferndale (1906), as well as other towns along the west coast such as Tacoma, Washington (1885).


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath
In 1886 the San Francisco Chinese Six Companies sued the city of Eureka in Wing Hing vs. Eureka, demanding reparations and financial compensation as a consequence of the expulsion, but the case was dropped since the Chinese couldn't own land, they had lost no property.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath
In 1890, the Humboldt County business directory boasted it is "The Only County in the State Containing No Chinamen".


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath
Exclusion of Chinese and other Asians in Eureka continued well into the 20th century. In 1941, the Eureka City Council revised its charter:


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath
Sec . 190 No Chinese shall ever be employed, either directly or indirectly on any work of the city, or in the performance of any contract or sub-contract of the city, except in punishment of a crime. Nor shall any provisions, supplies, materials, or articles of Chinese manufacture or production ever be use or purchased by or furnished to the city.


1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka, Aftermath
This section was not removed from Eureka's charter until 1959.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season
The 1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American Association, 16 games behind the St. Louis Browns.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season
During the off-season, the Red Stockings hired O. P. Caylor to become the manager of the team, the first time in club history that the club did not have a player-manager. Cincinnati also signed Tony Mullane to a contract. Mullane, who spent the 1884 season with the Toledo Blue Stockings, had a 36–26 record with a 2.52 ERA in 67 starts, striking out 325 batters.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season
Mullane was suspended for the 1885 season for defying his contract, as the Blue Stockings and the St. Louis Maroons, another team he tried to sign with, folded after the 1884 season, and the St. Louis Browns attempted to reclaim Mullane, as he pitched there in 1883. Before the Browns could reclaim him, he signed with the Red Stockings.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season
Frank Fennelly, who the Red Stockings acquired late in the 1884 season from the Washington Nationals, had a breakout season, hitting .273 with ten home runs and a league high 89 RBI. Charley Jones led the team with a .322 average, and had five home runs and 35 RBI to go along with it, while John Reilly hit .297 with five homers and 60 RBI.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season
On the mound, nineteen-year-old Larry McKeon led the Red Stockings with 20 wins and a 2.86 ERA in 33 starts, while Will White had eighteen wins and a 3.53 ERA in 34 starts.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Regular season, Season summary
Cincinnati began the season very well, putting up an impressive 16–8 record in their first 24 games to sit in second place in the league, two games behind the St. Louis Browns. The Red Stockings then began to slump, as they would win only six of their next sixteen games to slip into third place, seven games behind the Browns. On July 1, the Red Stockings acquired Jim Keenan and Larry McKeon, who both jumped from the Detroit Wolverines to join Cincinnati. The Red Stockings improved with their new acquisitions in the lineup, as the team eventually moved back into second place, however, they were too far behind the Browns, and Cincinnati finished the season with a 63–49 record, good for second place, however, they were sixteen games out of first.


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Cincinnati Red Stockings season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Cincinnati football team
The 1885 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1885 college football season. The team compiled a 1–0–1 record. Arch Carson was the team captain. The team had no head coach and played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati. In its inaugural season of college football, Cincinnati played two games against the Mount Auburn Athletic Club team with the games three weeks apart.


1885 Cincinnati football team
Cincinnati did not play its first intercollegiate football game until three years later in December 1888.


1885 Colorado College Tigers football team
The 1885 Colorado College Tigers football team represented Colorado College during the 1885 college football season.


1885 Crescent Athletic Club football team
The 1885 Crescent Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented Brooklyn's Crescent Athletic Club during the 1885 college football season. The team compiled a 3–1 record.


1885 Detroit Wolverines season
The 1885 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 41–67 record, finishing in sixth place in the National League.


1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Detroit Wolverines season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Dissolution Honours
The 1885 Dissolution Honours List was issued in June 1885 prior to the general election of that year.


1885 Dissolution Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour.


1885 English cricket season
1885 was the 99th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). It was the third in succession in which Nottinghamshire was proclaimed the champion county.


1885 English cricket season, Notes
An unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed. The return match between Kent and Lancashire was cancelled because Lord Harris objected to the bowling of two Lancashire players


1885 FA Cup Final
The 1885 FA Cup Final was a football match between Blackburn Rovers and Queen's Park on 4 April 1885 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the fourteenth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Blackburn had won the Cup in the previous season while Queen's Park were competing in their second final with the previous final being previous year. Rovers won 2–0 in their second successive FA Cup Final victory, with the goals coming from Jimmy Forrest and James Brown.


1885 French legislative election
The 1885 general election was held on 14 and 18 October 1885.


1885 French legislative election
Following the deaths of Napoléon, Prince Imperial and the Comte de Chambord, the monarchists and Bonapartists formed a conservative electoral alliance under the leadership of the Baron de Mackau. In the first round of the election, the conservatives won 176 seats, whereas the Republicans - partly because radical and moderate Republicans ran against each other, underestimating the danger from the right - only won 127. However, in the second round the radical and moderate Republicans agreed that the worse-placed Republican candidates would withdraw, and Republicans won 244 seats to the conservatives' 25, leading to a Republican victory.


1885 French legislative election
Henri Brisson remained prime minister immediately after the election, but resigned in December following his defeat in the presidential election to the incumbent, Jules Grévy. Brisson was replaced by Charles de Freycinet.


1885 Grand National
The 1885 Grand National was the 47th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 27 March 1885.


1885 Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 7 April 1885. Supporters of Theodoros Deligiannis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 170 of the 245 seats. Deligiannis became Prime Minister on 1 May.


1885 Home Nations Championship
The 1885 Home Nations Championship was the third series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, but the tournament was not completed.


1885 Home Nations Championship
The 1885 Championship was notable for the disputes occurring between the Home Nation Unions which prevented a full tournament to be completed. England and Scotland refused to face each other due to the refereeing disagreement from their 1884 encounter, and Wales and Ireland also failed to meet due to union disputes. The 1885 Championship also experienced a rare replay, when the Ireland versus Scotland game at Ormeau was abandoned after bad weather stopped play. The replay was played in Scotland.


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
Wales: Arthur Gould (Newport), Frank Hancock (Cardiff), Martyn Jordan (Newport), Charles Taylor (Ruabon), Charlie Newman (Newport) capt., William Gwynn (Swansea), Ernest Rowland (Lampeter), John Sidney Smith (Cardiff), Evan Richards (Swansea), Tom Clapp (Newport), Bob Gould (Newport), Horace Lyne (Newport), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), Samuel Goldsworthy (Swansea), Lewis Thomas (Cardiff)


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
England: HB Tristram (Oxford University), CG Wade (Oxford University), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), JJ Hawcridge (Bradford), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), Frank Moss (Broughton), G Harrison (Hull), AT Kemble (Liverpool), RS Kindersley (Oxford University), HJ Ryalls (New Brighton), ED Court (Blackheath), RSF Henderson (Blackheath), A Teggin (Broughton), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Scotland Pat Harrower, Bill Maclagan capt., Alexander Stephen, Gardy Maitland, Bunny Wauchope, Augustus Grant-Asher, Tom Ainslie, George Robb, John Jamieson, Robert Maitland, William Peterkin, Charlie Reid, Charles Berry, John Tod, Gordon Mitchell


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Wales: Arthur Gould, Frank Hancock, Martyn Jordan, Charles Taylor, Charlie Newman capt., William Gwynn, Willie Thomas, Edward Alexander, Frank Hill, Tom Clapp, Bob Gould, D Morgan, Thomas Baker-Jones, Samuel Goldsworthy, Lewis Thomas


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland
England: CH Sample (Cambridge University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath), JJ Hawcridge (Bradford), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), Frank Moss (Broughton), G Harrison (Hull), AT Kemble (Liverpool), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), HJ Ryalls (New Brighton), CH Horley (Swinton), CS Wooldridge (Blackheath), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland
Ireland: GH Wheeler (Queen's College, Belfast), EH Greene (Dublin Uni. ), JP Ross (Lansdowne), RG Warren (Lansdowne), RE McLean (NIFC), EC Crawford (Dublin Uni. ), THM Hobbs (Dublin Uni. ), Thomas Lyle (Dublin Uni. ), FW Moore (Wanderers), T Shanahan (Lansdowne), RM Bradshaw (Wanderers), TC Allen (NIFC), HJ Neill (NIFC), RW Hughes (NIFC), WG Rutherford (Lansdowne) capt.


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland
Scotland James Veitch, Bill Maclagan (capt), Henry Evans, Gardyne Maitland, ARD (Bunny) Wauchope, Patrick Wauchope, Tom Ainslie, John Brown, John Jamieson, Walter Irvine, William Peterkin, Charlie Reid, Jack Tait, John Tod, Gordon Mitchell


1885 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Ireland
Ireland: Robert Morrow, Ernest Greene, John Ross, Robert Warren, Daniel Ross, D.V. Hunter, J.A. Thompson, Thomas Lyle, Frederick Moore, Thomas Shanahan, Robert Bradshaw, Arthur Forrest (capt), Harry Neill, Jack Johnston, William Hogg


1885 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1885 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 26 November 1885.


1885 Invercargill mayoral election
In a rematch from the 1882 election, John Lyon McDonald was elected, defeating former mayor John Kingsland.


1885 Iowa Senate election
In the 1885 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-first Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 24 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1885 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 39 seats to Democrats' 11 seats.


1885 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 15 Senate seats.


1885 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1885 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 31 seats and Democrats having 19 seats (a net gain of 8 seats for Democrats).


1885 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1885 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1885. Republican nominee William Larrabee defeated Democratic nominee Charles E. Whiting with 50.76% of the vote.


1885 Kentucky Derby
The 1885 Kentucky Derby was the 11th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 14, 1885.


1885 Lafayette football team
The 1885 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1885 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 3–2–1 record. John Hamme was the team captain, and E. Swift was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1885 Lehigh football team
The 1885 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1885 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 1–5–1.


1885 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia in May 1885. In the presidential election, the result was a victory for incumbent Hilary R. W. Johnson of the True Whig Party (the dominant ruling party at the time), who was re-elected for a second term.


1885 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Monday 2 November 1885. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.


1885 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No.2, Scotland, 11 November 1885
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Joseph Simpson (Liberal, Scotland, elected 1 November 1883), reported to the Council on 2 December 1885.


1885 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No.12, Lime Street, 4 June 1886
Caused by the death of Councillor Thomas Patrick Holden (Party?, Lime Street, elected 1 November 1883) on 17 May 1886.


1885 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 16, North Toxteth, 22 July 1886
Alderman Thomas Rigby died on 4 June 1886. In his place Councillor John Hughes (Conservative, North Toxteth, elected 1st November 1883)was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 7 July 1886


1885 Louisville Colonels season
The 1885 Louisville Colonels season was a season in American baseball. The team (formerly the Louisville Eclipse) finished with a 53–59 record, sixth place in the American Association.


1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1885 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1885 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 3–2–1.


1885 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1885 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 3. Incumbent Republican Governor George D. Robinson was re-elected to a third term in office over Democratic Mayor of Boston Frederick O. Prince.


1885 Massachusetts legislature
The 106th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1885 during the governorship of George D. Robinson. Albert E. Pillsbury served as president of the Senate and John Q. A. Brackett served as speaker of the House.


1885 Massachusetts legislature
In 1885 the legislature officialized the state coat of arms and seal. Other notable legislation included an "Act to Protect Persons Using Public Libraries From Disturbance."


1885 Men's tennis tour
The 1885 Men's tennis tour was the ninth annual tennis tour, consisting of 54 tournaments it began at the beginning of the year in Pietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and ended 12 October in New Haven, Connecticut, United States.


1885 Men's tennis tour, Summary of tour
In a repeat of the 1884 final Herbert Lawford retains his Irish Lawn Tennis Championships title in Dublin defeating Ernest Renshaw in five sets. William Renshaw Wins a fifth consecutive Wimbledon Championship. American player James Dwight breaks British dominance at the Northern Championships in Manchester defeating defending champion Donald Stewart in straight sets. In the United States Richard Sears collects a fifth consecutive US National Championship beating Godfrey Brinley in four sets. In Australia New South Wales Championships are held for the first time at the Association Cricket Ground at the Moore Park in Sydney . In England the British Covered Court Championships, one of the first tournaments in history to be played on indoor courts is held in London.


1885 Men's tennis tour, Summary of tour
American player James Dwight is the title leader this season winning 5 titles from 7 finals he is the first non-European player to do so since 1877.


1885 Men's tennis tour, Calendar
Notes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.


1885 Men's tennis tour, Calendar
Notes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season


1885 Men's tennis tour, Attribution
This article contains some copied and translated content from this article Tornei di tennis maschili nel 1885 (at Italian Wikipedia)


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1885 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1885 college football season. The team compiled a 3–0 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 82 to 2. The team captain was Horace Greely Prettyman.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team
The season began with a home-and-away series against a team from Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The first game was played in Windsor under Canadian rules (allowing 15 men on the field per side), and was the second and final football game played by a Michigan football team in a foreign country. The return game against Windsor was the first to be played on the University of Michigan campus, prior home games having been played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds. The team concluded the season with a 42–0 victory on Thanksgiving Day against the Peninsular Cricket Club team from Detroit.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
With several veteran players returning from the undefeated 1884 team, expectations were high for the 1885 team. The returning players included James E. Duffy, Horace Greely Prettyman, John M. Jaycox, Thomas H. McNeil, and Raymond W. Beach. On October 4, 1885, The Michigan Argonaut (a University of Michigan weekly newspaper) wrote: "From this number there is no reason why an eleven cannot be made up which will equal any Rugby team the university ever had. With the good material now present, we may expect some interesting games before the fall season closes."


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
One of the challenges facing the 1885 team was the lack of other college and university teams in proximity to Ann Arbor. Other major colleges and universities in the region had not yet established regular varsity football programs: Notre Dame, Purdue, Indiana, and Penn State did so in 1887; Northwestern in 1888; Iowa, Ohio State and Wisconsin in 1889; and Nebraska, Illinois, Pittsburgh, and Missouri in 1890. In 1881 and 1883, Michigan had traveled to the east coast to play games against the major college teams of that region. In the absence of such a trip, Michigan was left with the option of playing Albion College (the only other established collegiate program in Michigan during the 1880s) and club teams from Detroit, Chicago, and even Windsor, Ontario.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Football on roller skates
In March 1885, the Princess football team of Detroit challenged Michigan to a football game on roller skates to be played at a roller rink in Ann Arbor. In mid-March 1885, The Michigan Argonaut reported: "The Rugby team are [sic] now practicing football on rollers." The two teams ultimately met on April 3, 1885, for a Friday night game "on rollers" at the Palace Rink. The Wolverines defeated the Princess team "in two straight innings." The game is not recorded as an official game in Michigan's football records.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor
On November 7, 1885, Michigan officially began its season with an 8–2 victory over the Windsor team from the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU), a league that was instrumental in the development of Canadian football. (The Ottawa, Toronto and Hamilton teams in the Canadian Football League began as members of the ORFU.). The Windsor team had advanced to the second round of the ORFU playoffs in 1883.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor
The game was played in Windsor, Ontario, under Canadian rules. The match was Michigan's second game played in Canada, the first having been a victory over the University of Toronto in 1880. The Canadian rules allowed each team to have 15 men on the field. In addition, the ball was not snapped back from the line, but was instead “dribbled until it is out of the rush.”


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor
The Chronicle (a University of Michigan weekly newspaper) noted that the team played well despite being unacquainted with the Windsor rules. The Michigan Argonaut credited the victory to James E. Duffy: "The game was practically won by Duffy who in the middle of the first inning succeeded in kicking a goal from in field, thus scoring six points." The intermission was called at 4:30 p.m. with Michigan leading 8–0.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor
After a 15-minute break, the game resumed at 4:45 p.m., and Windsor scored two points on "rouges," described in The Chronicle as follows: "Michigan made a rouge; one point for Windsor. . . . The ball went out of bounds and on being thrown in, a rouge was made by Michigan." The game was eventually stopped because of darkness. The Michigan Argonaut called the victory “a flattering one, as being entirely unacquainted with the Canadian rules, our team expected to be defeated.”


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Windsor
The Windsor team hosted a banquet for the Michigan team at the British American Hotel. The Michigan lineup against Windsor consisted of Muir (goalkeeper), Jaycox and Duffy (halfbacks), McNeil and Bishop (quarterbacks), Prettyman, Skinner, Hetzler, Bumps, Kennedy, Morrow, Banks, Trowbridge, Beach and Higgins (rushers). E. L. Dorn and Hastings were umpires, and Morton of Windsor was the referee.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
Michigan's second game of the 1885 season was a return game against Windsor on November 14, 1885. The game, originally set to be played at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds, was instead played on the campus. It was the first football game played on Michigan's campus, and The Michigan Argonaut applauded the Rugby Association's decision to move the game to the campus: “The distance to the [Fair grounds] has constantly been urged as an argument favoring such a change, to say nothing of the impossibility of playing an errorless game on such wretched turf. . . . A game on the campus has all the spirit of genuine college playing and it is to be hoped that the experiment undertaken by the present Association will have the hearty encouragement of all who enjoy a lively college game.”


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
The game was played under American intercollegiate rules, putting the Canadians at a disadvantage. Michigan won the game, 32-0. The Windsor team had sent a telegram canceling the game, but Edward L. Dorn, the president of the Michigan Rugby Association, traveled to Windsor on the morning of the scheduled game, and "a team was picked up, somewhat inferior to the team which met our boys at Windsor last week."


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
The game was played in two innings with the first inning beginning at 3:45 p.m. and ending at 4:20 p.m.  Horace Prettyman scored a touchdown in the first inning. At the intermission between innings, Michigan led 8–0. The Wolverines added 24 points in the second inning, with James E. Duffy and Horace Prettyman serving as the principal ball carriers. Skinner and McNeil scored touchdowns for Michigan.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
After the game, the Michigan Rugby Association hosted the Windsor team at a banquet at Hangsterfer's (referred to in The Michigan Argonaut as “Hank's parlors”). T. H. McNeil served as toastmaster and called on Horace Prettyman to speak on the topic of "Foot-ball," and then on a Windsor player to speak about "The Social Features of Foot-ball." The banquet reportedly featured "roast turkey a la Ann Arbor" and "'Miss Ann Arbor kisses,' well suited to tempt the Canadian appetite."


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
The banquet continued until midnight with the evening “passed in singing college songs and general conversation.”  With the lack of large colleges making it difficult to arrange games under the inter-collegiate rules, one of the topics discussed at the banquet was a proposal that Michigan learn the Candadian rules to enable it to play games more readily against the teams from Windsor, Toronto, and Hamilton.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
The captain and star of the Windsor team was a player named Parkyn. In early January 1886, The Michigan Argonaut reported that Parkyn had become ill with malarial fever after returning from Ann Arbor, and had died a short time later. The Argonaut wrote: "The Windsor team has lost a good player, and foot-ball, a warm friend and advocate."


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Windsor
Michigan's lineup for the home game against Windsor was Morrow, Higgins, McNeil (quarterback), Prettyman (halfback), J. L. Banks, J. L. Duffy (goalkeeper), J. E. Duffy (halfback), Bumps, Bishop, and Skinner. The referee was Michigan's national intercollegiate champion sprinter, Frederick N. Bonine, and the umpires were Dorn and Bartlett.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
The Wolverines concluded their season with a Thanksgiving Day football game in Detroit. Michigan defeated the Peninsular Cricket Club team by a score of 42–0. The Peninsular Cricket Club began as a cricket club in 1858' but by 1885 it had evolved into the city's leading all-purpose athletic club, featuring baseball, tennis, and bicycling. In 1887, it would become part of the new Detroit Athletic Club. The 1885 football game was played at the Peninsular Cricket Grounds near Woodward Avenue and started at 3:15 p.m.  Because of "bitter cold" weather, the game attracted only about 200 spectators.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
Michigan took a 16-0 lead in the first inning with four touchdowns, a field goal (kicked by J. E. Duffy), and two rouges. The Wolverines added 26 points in the second inning, including touchdowns by Prettyman and McNeil. The Detroit Free Press wrote that the game was a mismatch:


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
"It was evident from the start that the Detroit team were no match for the others, nearly all the men being very light, while the visitors were all of good size and strong build. In play there was more disparity still, the Detroits showing no kicking ability at all, the result being a game made up very largely of scrimmaging . . ."


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
The Chronicle wrote that J. L. Duffy and Horace Prettyman "did the best work" for Michigan and noted that the Michigan players "immediately showed their superiority, both in running and rushing, by rapidly carrying the ball toward their opponent's goal." The Michigan Argonaut concluded that the victory was the result of a heavier team and "careful practice," and noted that the best features of the game were "some fine runs by Prettyman and good kicking by Duffy."


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
The Michigan lineup against the Detroit team consisted of J. E. Duffy (goalkeeper), J. M. Jaycox and J. L. Duffy (backs), N. Banks, T. H. McNeil, and H. G. Prettyman (halfbacks), and Wm. Morrow, F. F. Bumps, J. L. Skinner, C. D. Wright, L. F. Gottschalk, F. G. Higgins, G. C. Higgins, J. McNaughton and H. G. Hetzler (forwards). E. L. Dorn and Belcher (of Montreal) served as umpires, and T. M. Morton (of Windsor) was the referee. Approximately 40 Michigan students attended the game.


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
At the conclusion of the season, The Chronicle published an editorial urging the University to send its football team to the east on an annual basis. The newspaper also criticized the strength of the teams defeated in 1885:


1885 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, at Peninsular Cricket Club
"[I]f it were regularly understood that our eleven and our nine were to go east every year, our under-graduate material would be brought forward and men who now never venture on the ball field would be so anxious to try for the nine or the eleven, that there is small doubt that such teams could be picked as would win victories in the east and return with laurels won from more than one eastern competitor, instead of deeming it their greatest victory to beat a club composed of men in Detroit who play without practice."


1885 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1885 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1885, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Governor Robert Lowry ran for reelection to a second term.


1885 Mississippi gubernatorial election, General election
In the general election, Democratic candidate Robert Lowry, the incumbent governor, defeated independent candidate Put Darden in a landslide.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1885 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1885 college football season. The team was the fourth intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and marked the first time that the school played a multiple-game season. The squad was captained by halfback Cornelius Billings. The year began with a blowout victory over St. John's College, but was followed by close losses to Johns Hopkins University and the Princeton Tigers reserves squad. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins, and began a ten-game, seven-year rivalry with St. John's.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude
According to Ellsworth P. Bertholf's biographer C. Douglas Kroll, the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward. The Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students. The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude
It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, apparently on the Academy superintendent's cow pasture. Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, due to the lack of support from officials. When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8–0 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting a seven-year rivalry between the schools. The 1883 season resulted in Navy's first ever loss, a 2–0 defeat by Johns Hopkins. Navy returned the favor the following year, defeating Hopkins in a close 9–6 game.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary
The Naval Academy scheduled three games for the 1885 season, breaking from the tradition of playing only Johns Hopkins. According to Morris Allison Bealle, "Football at Annapolis had shed its swaddling clothes when the autumn of 1885 rolled around. Some of the faculty actually gave in and admitted that football might, at that, be or become an interesting diversion" so the squad was allowed to schedule three games. The first was played against St. John's College, also located in Annapolis.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary
The game kicked off a brief rivalry with St. John's, which would conclude in 1911 with Navy winning eighteen of twenty-one contests. The 1885 match was a 46–10 blowout victory over St. John's. The second game of the season was the annual Thanksgiving Day match against Johns Hopkins. After winning the previous year, Navy fell to Johns Hopkins 12–8. The season concluded with the Naval Academy challenging the Princeton freshman team, a game which ended in a 10–0 shutout loss for Navy.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Players
The 1885 Naval Academy team was made up of thirteen players at four different positions. The squad consisted of seven rushers, two fullback, three halfbacks, and a quarterback:


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath
The first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east–west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5–1–2 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14–14 in the match. As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1885 season. According to statistics compiled by Billingsly, Houlgate, the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Helms Athletic Foundation, Princeton was declared the 1885 season champion.


1885 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath
The 1885 season brought Navy's overall win–loss record to an even 3–3–1. It also brought the Academy's record against Johns Hopkins to 2–2 tie. The season marked the first time a team for the Naval Academy would play a multiple-game season. In 1886, their schedule was expanded from three games to five, and continued to grow through subsequent years. It was the worst single-season record for the Academy until 1888, when they went 1–4. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14–12–2. The school would outscore their opponents 292–231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54–19–3.


1885 New South Wales colonial election
The 1885 New South Wales colonial election was held between 16 October and 31 October 1885. This election was for all of the 122 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 37 single-member constituencies, 24 2-member constituencies, seven 3-member constituencies and four 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 7 October 1885 by the Governor, Lord Augustus Loftus, on the advice of the Premier, George Dibbs.


1885 New South Wales colonial election
There was no recognisable party structure at this election, the last election for which this was the case; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system. Dibbs had succeeded Alexander Stuart two weeks before the election was held, and maintained a fragile grip on power after the election until 22 December, when he was defeated by Sir John Robertson.


1885 New South Wales colonial election, Results
New South Wales colonial election, 16 – 31 October 1885 Legislative Assembly << 1882–1887 >>


1885 New York Giants season
The 1885 New York Giants season was the franchise's 3rd season. The team finished in second place, 2 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.


1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 New York Metropolitans season
The 1885 New York Metropolitans were hard hit as manager/co-owner Jim Mutrie moved over to manage the New York Giants and took several of the team's stars with him. The Metropolitans finished with a 44–64 record, seventh place in the American Association.


1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 New York state election
The 1885 New York state election was held on November 3, 1885, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary state, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.


1885 New York state election, History
The Prohibition state convention met on September 9 at Syracuse, New York. William J. Groo presided. Henry Clay Bascom, of Troy, was nominated for governor by acclamation. W Jennings Demorest, of New York City, for lieutenant governor, Edward Evans, of Tonawanda, for Secretary of State, Hiram Vandenburgh, of Fulton County, for treasurer, Frederick Sheldon, of Hornellsville, for attorney general, and George A. Dudley for state engineer, were nominated unanimously.


1885 New York state election, History
The Greenback State Committee met on September 9 at Clarendon Hall in New York City. Ralph Beaumont was chosen to preside over the convention. The Anti- Monopoly delegates met in an adjoining room, Dr. Seeger presided. The remnants of Benjamin F. Butler's "People's Party" merged with the Anti- Monopolists. When the Greenback/Anti- Monopoly convention opened there was much debate among the several factions, and the Anti- Monopolists walked out. The remaining Greenbackers were split in two opposing factions: the friends and the adversaries of Edward O. Jones, the latter faction led by Louis F. Post, a New York City banker.


1885 New York state election, History
Post's faction then walked out too, and the remaining delegates nominated George O. Jones, of Albany, for governor; Lyman W. Gage, of Rochester, for lieutenant governor; George W. Pimm, of Coldenham, for Secretary of State; Nelson S. Shaler, of Catskill, for comptroller; Allen Wood for treasurer; William B. Guernsey, of Norwich, for attorney general; and Edwin A. Stillman for state engineer.


1885 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 23 at the Skating Rink in Saratoga, New York. James W. Husted was president. Ex-Comptroller Ira Davenport (in office 1880-1881) was nominated for governor after the second ballot. Many candidates were proposed and on the first ballot the votes were scattered among many names, the second ballot stood as follows: Davenport 214, Joseph B. Carr 194, James D. Warren 113, C. N. Bliss 66, Frederick W. Seward 54, Swinburne 29, Drexel 12, Levi P. Morton 8, Alonzo B. Cornell 2, William M. Evarts 1.


1885 New York state election, History
Then many delegates changed their votes and Davenport was nominated. Secretary of State Joseph B. Carr (in office since 1880) was nominated for lieutenant governor; Deputy Secretary of State Anson S. Wood was nominated to succeed Carr; and Ex-Comptroller James W. Wadsworth (in office 1880-1881) was nominated again, all three by acclamation. For Treasurer, a first ballot was taken and the votes were scattered among many different names (vote: D. Ogden Bradley 173, William T. O'Neil 157, Waldo Wallace Rockwell 149, Nathan D. Wendell 88, Robert N. Marvin 76, Stephen C. Medbury 49).


1885 New York state election, History
Then it was proposed to give the nomination to a German-American, and Charles F. Ulrich was nominated unanimously. Edward B. Thomas was nominated for attorney general on the second ballot (first ballot: Thomas 318, E. H. Hobbs 257, Edward Mitchell 93, Sheldon 8; second ballot: Thomas 353, Hobbs 321, Mitchell 5). William V. Van Rensselaer was nominated for state engineer by acclamation.


1885 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on September 24. George Raines was president. The incumbent Governor David B. Hill was re-nominated on the first ballot (vote: Hill 338, Abram S. Hewitt 33, Henry W. Slocum 8, Roswell P. Flower 1). Contrary to tradition, the nomination was not "made unanimous."


1885 New York state election, Results
21 Republicans and 11 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1886–1887) in the State Senate; and 77 Republicans and 51 Democrats were elected to the State Assembly.


1885 Newfoundland general election
The 1885 Newfoundland general election was held on 31 October 1885 to elect members of the 15th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The Reform Party had been created by Robert Thorburn on a platform of "Protestant Rights" after supporters of the Orange Order abandoned the Whiteway government after sectarian riots in 1885 against the government's 'denominational compromise'. Whiteway's Conservative Party was destroyed as a result and Whiteway founded a new Liberal Party. Thorburn's new party swept to power but soon turned away from its sectarian agenda by inviting Catholic Liberals into the Cabinet.


1885 North-West Territories election
The 1885 North-West Territories election was the first major election in the history of the territory. The election took place on 15 September 1885.


1885 North-West Territories election
The election was held to elect members to new districts to cope with the rapid growth of settlers in the territories at the time. Elections were also held in established electoral districts to renew members terms at the end of 3 years as per North-West Territories law at the time. The election would see 11 members acclaimed and elected to various electoral districts to the 1st Council of the North-West Territories.


1885 North-West Territories election
The election was not considered a general election, since it did not involve every electoral district, and was not caused by the dissolution of the council. It was also held in the wake of the North-West Rebellion of spring, 1885.


1885 North-West Territories election
The election would be followed by the 1st North-West Territories general election in 1888 at the completion of the 3-year term. The election conducted without political parties.


1885 North-West Territories election, Members elected
Calgary and Moose Mountain did not participate in the 1885 election having elected members to a three-year term in 1884. Moosomin and St. Albert electoral districts were won by acclamation.


1885 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1885. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 84 of the 114 seats in the Storting. Johan Sverdrup remained Prime Minister.


1885 Oamaru by-election
The Oamaru by-election 1885 was a by-election held in the Oamaru electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament, on 20 May 1885. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Samuel Shrimski, who was appointed to the Legislative Council, and was won by Thomas William Hislop.


1885 Oamaru by-election, Background
For the 1876 election, Waitaki became a two-member electorate. Four candidates put their names forward. Steward and Joseph O'Meagher contested the election as abolitionists (i.e. they were in favour of abolishing the provincial government), while Thomas William Hislop and Shrimski were provincialists (i.e. they favoured the retention of provincial government). The provincialists won the election by quite some margin, and both became members of parliament for the first time. Hislop and Shrimski were both confirmed in the 1879 election, but Hislop resigned on 28 April 1880 "for private reasons". From 1881 onwards, Waitaki became a single-member constituency again, and Shrimski won the re-constituted Oamaru electorate.


1885 Oamaru by-election, Background
In the 1884 general election, Shrimski was challenged by Viscount Reidhaven (who later became the Earl of Seafield when he succeeded his father). Shrimski resigned on 28 March 1885 and was appointed to the Legislative Council on 15 May 1885. Shrimski was one of an unprecedented nine appointments made by the Stout–Vogel Ministry in 1885, which inflated the council's membership to 54. Three other appointments also caused by-elections in the Tauranga, Waimea, and Southern Maori electorates.


1885 Oamaru by-election, The election
Shrimski's resignation became public knowledge on 28 March 1885. Hislop was first discussed by The Oamaru Mail as a likely candidate three days later, but he declared that he would only become a candidate if the electors so wished. Reidhaven first advertised his candidacy on 6 April. William Hutchison's possible candidacy was discussed in the media, but nothing came of it.


1885 Oamaru by-election, The election
A large meeting was held on Friday evening of 10 April for "liberal electors only" to choose a representative for the upcoming by-election. The candidacies of Hislop, who was in attendance, and Reidhaven, who was otherwise engaged, were discussed. Hislop was eventually proposed by one of the attendees, with three quarters of the electors supporting his nomination, and nobody voting against the motion. Nobody proposed Reidhaven. The nomination meeting was held on 13 May, where Hislop and Reidhaven were formally put forward as candidates, with Hislop winning the show of hands. A Timaru evening paper wrote the following endorsement of Hislop just before the election, which The Oamaru Mail quoted in its 16 May edition:


1885 Oamaru by-election, The election
Mr Hislop is an old and active citizen of Oamaru, of liberal views and progressive energy, one too who has seen a good deal of public life. Above all, Mr Hislop has been the consistent foe of land monopoly. His noble opponent has just been called out of a position of obscurity to the enjoyment of a title. His political views have not yet been enunciated, his fitness for parliamentary honors [sic] has never yet been tested. He is an entirely untried man. A man who has filled representative public positions with credit is the most eligible candidate.


1885 Oamaru by-election, The election
Hislop won the by-election with a majority of 61 votes (7.47%).


1885 Oamaru by-election, Election results, 1884 election
The 1884 general election was contested by two candidates in the Oamaru electorate.


1885 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1885 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 13, 1885. Republican nominee Joseph B. Foraker defeated Democratic incumbent George Hoadly in a rematch of the 1883 election with 48.95% of the vote.


1885 Open Championship
The 1885 Open Championship was the 25th Open Championship, held 3 October at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Bob Martin won the Championship for the second time, by a stroke from Archie Simpson.


1885 Open Championship
Simpson was one of the early starters. The first six holes took him 32 strokes but he reached the turn in 43 and coming home in 40 had an excellent round of 83. Martin started well an reached the turn in 41, eventually finishing with an 84. These turned out to be the leading scores of the morning play.


1885 Open Championship
In the second round, Simpson again started badly, taking 38 for the first seven holes. He eventually finished with an 89 to a total of 172. Martin started his round better and, reaching the turn in 43, was now a stroke ahead of Simpson. Playing steadily he had 16 strokes for the last three holes to beat Martin. Taking five and six at the next two holes left him needing five at the last to take the lead. He put his third shot close at the last but missed the short putt and took five. David Ayton Sr. had a second round of 84 but was too far behind after the first round.


1885 Open Championship
The Championship is best remembered for an event that never took place. Various sources refer to David Ayton losing the Open by taking 11 at the "Road hole" (the 17th) but a contemporary newspaper report gives his scores there as 6 and 7. His full cards are given as: Round 1: 555565734 = 45, 544764464 = 44, Total 89, Round 2: 554565533 = 41, 435565474 = 43, Total =84.


1885 Open Championship, Field
Amateurs: David Baldie, Leslie Balfour, John Ball, Robert Tod Boothby, W. Burn, Harry Everard, Samuel Mure Fergusson, Bruce Goff, W.H. Goff, T.S. Hendry, James Hunter, Horace Hutchinson, James Kirk, Johnny Laidlay, Arthur Molesworth, L. Ross


1885 Open Championship, Field
Professionals: Jamie Allan, David Anderson Sr., David Anderson Jr., Willie Anderson Sr., David Auchterlonie, Joseph Auchterlonie, Tom Auchterlonie, David Ayton Sr., Willie Brown, Jack Burns, Ben Campbell, Willie Campbell, C. Conacher, David Corstorphine, William Cosgrove, Willie Dunn, George Fernie, J. Fernie, Willie Fernie, Thomas Gourlay, David Grant Sr., William Greig, Sandy Herd, J. Kinsman, Robert Kinsman, Hugh Kirkaldy, Jack Kirkaldy, Bob Martin, George Mason, Douglas McEwan, Jack Morris, James Morris, Tom Morris Sr., Frank Park, Mungo Park, Willie Park Jr., James Paxton, Peter Paxton, James Rennie, Ben Sayers, George Sayers, Archie Simpson, David Simpson, Jack Simpson, Robert Simpson


1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season
The 1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's second of play. The Club played in the Montreal tournament.


1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business
The Club moved its practices to the new Dey's Skating Rink, which was electrically-lit. The Club now adopted the colours of gold and blue for their uniforms. Frank Jenkins was selected Captain for the season.


1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Season
The club played in the Montreal Winter Carnival Tournament. Games were held at the Crystal Rink. William O'Dell was goaltender, replacing Albert Low, who was on a survey exhibition. Ottawa placed second to the Montreal Hockey Club.


1885 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Roster
G. Currier, Thomas D. Green, Thomas Gallagher, F.M.S. (Frank) Jenkins(captain), Jack Kerr, Halder Kirby, William O'Dell(goal)


1885 Penn Quakers football team
The 1885 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1885 college football season. In its first year under head coach Frank Dole, the team compiled a 8–5 record. Paul Thompson was the team captain.


1885 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1885 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 55–57 record and finished in fourth place in the   American Association.


1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Philadelphia Quakers season
The 1885 Philadelphia Quakers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a record of 56–54, a distant third place in the National League, 30 games behind the Chicago White Stockings.


1885 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season
The 1885 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 4th season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise. The Alleghenys finished third in the American Association with a record of 56–55.


1885 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1885 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1885 college football season. The team finished with a 9–0 record and was retroactively named as national champions by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis. This season marked Princeton's 13th football national championship.


1885 Princeton Tigers football team
The season was notable for one of the most celebrated football plays of the 19th century—a 90-yard punt return by Henry "Tillie" Lamar in the closing minutes of the game to beat Yale, 6–5, a team Princeton had not defeated since 1878.


1885 Providence Grays season
After the team's success in 1884, things went downhill for the 1885 Providence Grays. The team dropped in the standings, finishing 30 games back in fourth place and attendance fell drastically. After the season, the club's directors sold all the remaining players to the Boston Beaneaters and folded the team.


1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1885 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1885 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 1, 1885. Republican nominee George P. Wetmore defeated Democratic nominee Ziba O. Slocum with 55.97% of the vote.


1885 Richmond Colts football team
The 1885 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as an independent during the 1885 college football season.


1885 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1885 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1885 college football season. The Queensmen played only one intercollegiate game, a 10-5 loss to Lehigh on November 14, 1885, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The team had no coach, and its captain was Lewis Chamberlain.


1885 SAFA season
The 1885 South Australian Football Association season was the 9th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1885 SAFA season
The Adelaide Football Club  combined with North Parks from the Adelaide and Suburban Football Association and returned to the league in a standalone capacity for the first time since 1880 (it had merged with Kensington for the 1881 season, but resigned after  five games).


1885 SAFA season
The 1885 SAFA season was the first time since 1878 that all clubs played a fixed number of games.


1885 SAFA season
Twenty three of the thirty games played had crowd figures quoted for an approximate average of 1,800 spectators per game.


1885 Scottish Cup Final
The 1885 Scottish Cup Final was the 12th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1884–85 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. For only the second time in the competition's history, the final was contested by two teams from outside Glasgow: Renton, who had never won the cup before, and three-time winners Vale of Leven, representing neighbouring communities in Dunbartonshire (their home grounds were approximately 1.6 miles (2.6 km) apart).


1885 Scottish Cup Final
The original match - which ended in a 0–0 draw - was played at the second Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 21 February 1885 and was watched by a crowd of 3,000 spectators. The replay took place at the same venue on 28 February 1885 in front of 5,000 spectators. Renton won the competition for the first time after they beat Vale of Leven 3–1.


1885 Scottish Cup Final
This was the first Scottish Cup final to be held at the second Hampden Park.


1885 Scottish Cup Final, Background
Vale of Leven had reached the final on four previous occasions, winning the trophy for three consecutive seasons between 1877 and 1879. They had reached the final for the third season in succession however, they never appeared for the previous final in protest after the SFA had refused to postpone the match. Prior to 1885, no team had reached the final for three successive seasons without lifting the trophy at least once.


1885 Scottish Cup Final, Background
Renton had only previously reached the final once before 10 years earlier when they lost 3–0 to Queen's Park


1885 Scottish Cup Final, Background
As the earlier rounds of the Scottish Cup were regionalised at the time, Dunbartonshire neighbours Renton and Vale of Leven had previously met three times in the competition with Vale of Leven progressing each time.


1885 Southern Maori by-election
The 1885 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 10 June 1885 in the Southern Maori electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament.


1885 Southern Maori by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Hōri Kerei Taiaroa, when he was re-appointed to the Legislative Council.


1885 Southern Maori by-election
Taiaroa has been appointed to the Legislative Council in February 1879, but in August 1880 had been disqualified over a technicality, a cause of bitterness and resentment among Māori. When appointed by Sir George Grey Taiaroa held (and continued to hold) a salaried (government) office, hence was not eligible to sit in the Council, despite having attended three sessions.


1885 Southern Rugby Union Season
The 1885 Southern Rugby Union season was the 12th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the third competition for the Gardiner Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May till September 1885. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Sydney University. University were awarded the Gardiner Challenge Cup and were crowned premiers by a committee of the Union. The club were undefeated during the premiership season.


1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams
In 1885, the Union decided to elevate three Junior clubs into the Gardiner Challenge Cup. Arfoma, St. Leonards and Newtown had performed well during the previous season and were given the opportunity to compete for the cup.


1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
In 1885 the Sydney Rugby Premiership continued to develop into a more structured competition. Before the season began, the Southern Rugby Football Union decided to promote three Junior Clubs into the Gardiner Challenge Cup. This took the competing teams to eight. The number of games during the season also increased, with most of the teams playing each other twice. However, at the conclusion of the season, some clubs had not played the same number of games as others. The competition still did not see organised rounds and an official points ladder.


1885 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
Overall, the season was not seen as being as brilliant as the previous. The Association Cricket Ground became unavailable during the season, which had an effect upon the games being played. This ground was the only one that fenced in the playing field. As a result, many games were interrupted by the crowds encroaching upon the field. The Agricultural Society made their ground available to the Union later in the season, with two games often being played side-by-side. This did see some confusion with players stopping play in one game on hearing the call from the other game.