1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
Dumbarton played their final league game on 2 May against St Mirren at Paisley. A couple of changes were made with Lang replacing Boyle and James Miller taking Taylor's place. Goals by Galbraith(2) and Bell had the Sons three ahead by half time. The Saints recovered to score midway through the second half, though J Miller restored the three goal lead shortly thereafter. St Mirren scored again at the end to make the score 4–2. At the same time Celtic had beaten Rangers, meaning that Rangers would require to win their game in hand to equal Dumbarton's points total.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
The following Monday evening Dumbarton Rangers (Dumbarton's second XI) beat Clydebank's 2nd XI 4–0 to win the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup – the third scoop of both county cups in succession.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
On 9 May while Dumbarton had a rest week, Rangers won their outstanding fixture to tie with Dumbarton at the top of the league, and in the absence of rules to decide on a winner, the League committee decided on a play off.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
The semi final of the new League Charity Cup was played at Celtic Park between Dumbarton and Rangers on 16 May. Boyle returned to the team. Both teams played a fast game and play raged from end to end. Taylor opened the scoring for Dumbarton after 30 minutes and that was the score at the interval. The Sons kept up the pressure in the second half but there was no further scoring. Near the end McMillan and a Rangers player had a ‘disagreement’ and both were sent from the field.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
The league decider was played at Cathkin Park on 21 May in front of 10,000 spectators. The team was unchanged from that which had played five days earlier. Rangers were determined to make good their previous disappointing performance and after a spirited first half they led 2–0. After the interval the Sons got down to the task in hand but it wasn't till 20 minutes from time that Taylor got one back. J Miller then scored the equaliser and despite hemming the Gers in for the final minutes a winning goal could not be found. It was subsequently decided that rather than have a further playoff that the Championship be shared.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
Over the next two days Dumbarton played two friendlies in a north of Scotland tour (2-2 against Arbroath on 22 May and 6–2 against Aberdeen on 23 May).


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, May
On 30 May a friendly was played against Kings Park at Stirling and was won 4–2.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June
As the football season came to its end, Dumbarton still had two finals to play.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June
On 3 June the final of the Greenock Charity Cup was decided at Cappielow as Dumbarton played hosts Morton for the second year in succession. Hutcheson returned at centre forward in place of J Miller. The Sons were quickly into their stride and were four up by half time. Play settled down in the second half and a goal for each team made the final score 5–1.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Story of the Season, June
Then on 10 June, Celtic were the opponents in the final of the League Charity Cup at Cathkin Park. Miller was back in the attack As it was Dumbarton saved their best final performance for the crowd of 12,000. Bell opened the scoring and despite constant pressure this was the score at the interval. It was more of the same in the second half and two goals from Taylor ended the season on a high with a 3–0 win and yet another piece of silverware for the Dumbarton trophy cabinet.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
Amongst those leaving the club from the first XI were Ralph Aitken to Newcastle West End, Duncan Stewart to Port Glasgow Athletic and Joe Lindsay to Renton. The first XI was enhanced by John Taylor and Daniel Watson stepping up from the reserves and also James McNaught joining from Methlan Park.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
John 'Jack' Bell became the first ever League topscorer with 20 goals. However, his partner 'up front' John Taylor scored more competitive goals in total - 33 to Bell's 31.


1890–91 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team
Dumbarton were defeated by Queen's Park in the second round of the Scottish Second XI Cup, but retained the Dumbartonshire Second XI Cup for the third successive year with a win in the final over Clydebank.


1890–91 Eastville Rovers F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was the eighth to be played by the team that are now known as Bristol Rovers, and their seventh playing under the name Eastville Rovers.


1890–91 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review
Eastville Rovers' stay in this year's Gloucestershire Senior Challenge Cup was a brief one. Prior to this season they had never failed to reach the semi-final stage, but after gaining automatic entry to the competition based on their performance last season they found themselves eliminated in the first round by Bedminster.


1890–91 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review
There was a depleted look to the club friendly match list too due to poor weather during the middle part of the season. A severe frost set in across England throughout December and January, which meant that very little football was possible over the winter.


1890–91 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Season review
The club stopped fielding a reserve team this season, leaving only a single team representing the club. They had entered a second XI into the inaugural Gloucestershire Junior Challenge Cup last year, but they opted not to put a team into the competition this time around.


1890–91 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record
The total cumulative record of Eastville Rovers up to the end of the 1890–91 season is shown below. This is calculated by adding the numbers in the section above to the total games played up to the end of the last season. Friendly matches are not included in this table, and games held at neutral venues are considered to have been played away from home.


1890–91 Eastville Rovers F.C. season, Statistics, Cumulative record
As of the summer of 1891, Rovers' competitive matches had all been played in the Gloucestershire Cup.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season
In 1890–91, Everton competed in the Football League's third season, and were crowned champions for the first time by two points over two-time defending champions Preston North End. They also competed in the FA Cup but lost in the first round to Sunderland.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Regular Football League First team
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad
Having finished the previous season as runners up Everton made just one signing of note during the summer when William Campbell was brought from Bootle to fill the centre half role, which had remained unsettled since George Farmer had been dropped the previous November. Robert Smalley's position in goal was also under threat from an emerging twenty-year-old Scot named Jack Angus while David Kirkwood having lost the battle to secure the inside right birth to Alec Brady, now shared the centre back duties with Charlie Parry


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad
This settled look ensured that there were just two new faces in the opening day 4–1 victory at West Bromwich Albion, Campbell, who scored and Angus who kept goal in the side listed above as the most settled team used that season. The team remained unchanged through the first four games of the campaign, which were all won, before Latta missed the fifth game. Everton still won to take their winning start to five games before being held to a 2–2 draw at Aston Villa. Everton remained unbeaten for their first seven games but their first choice eleven did not play again as a run of three straight defeats saw the return of Robert Smalley for one game in place of Jack Angus before David Jardine was signed in November from Bootle.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad
Everton completed all bar one of their fixtures before the end of January and had to wait while the nearest challengers for the title, Preston played a series of games to close the gap at the top to two points. Everton's final game of the season was at Burnley on Saturday 14 March 1891 when almost half the 10,000 attendance was made up of visiting Everton fans. The team of Jardine, McLean, Doyle, Lochhead, Holt, Parry, Latta, Brady, Geary, Chadwick and Milward required only a draw but failed, losing 3–2.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad
Preston would themselves have claimed a third consecutive title has they won their fixture at Sunderland but Evertonians, returning to Liverpool by train from Burnley were met with a delighted crowd at the station who informed them that Preston had lost 0–3 and that Everton had won the title for the first time.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Other members of the title winning squad
There was no official honour for individual players for being crowned champions so the Everton directors had a medal minted for every player The Football League took up the idea the following year and medals have been presented to every championship winning side since.


1890–91 Everton F.C. season, Achievements
Despite being crowned champions the 1890/91 team actually picked up fewer points than the side who missed out on the title the previous season. Their title triumph came despite a record losing and winless away run in the middle of the season. The 1891 title side also equalled or set the following club records.


1890–91 FA Cup
The 1890–91 FA Cup was the twentieth edition of the world's oldest football knockout competition, The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup.


1890–91 FA Cup, Qualifying rounds
For information on the matches played from the Preliminary Round to the Fourth Qualifying Round, see 1890–91 FA Cup qualifying rounds.


1890–91 FA Cup qualifying rounds
This was the third season where the FA Cup, or the Football Association Challenge Cup, used a series of qualifying rounds in order to determine qualifiers for the actual Cup competition itself and the first season that a Preliminary Round was used.


1890–91 FA Cup qualifying rounds
See 1890–91 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round onwards.


1890–91 Football Alliance
The 1890–91 Football Alliance was the second season of the Football Alliance, an association football league which was set up in England as an alternative to the Football League, which had begun in the 1888–89 season.


1890–91 Football Alliance
Stoke joined the Alliance in this season after dropping out of the Football League at the end of the previous season and were crowned champions after the penultimate round of fixtures on 4 April. Last season's champions The Wednesday finished bottom after losing thirteen games in a dreadful season. Even a 4–2 win (3–0 at half time) at home to runners up Sunderland Albion on the last day of the season failed to lift Wednesday off the foot of the table.


1890–91 Football Alliance
At the end of the season, Stoke were elected back to the Football League along with sixth-placed Darwen, while Sunderland Albion left to join the Northern League.


1890–91 Football Alliance, Election to the Football League
The number of clubs in the Football League was to be increased by two for the 1891–92 season. In addition to the four League sides seeking re-election, six non-league clubs (five of them from the Football Alliance) also sought League membership. The voting went as follows:


1890–91 Football League
The Football League 1890–91 was the third Football league season, after dominating and being crowned champions for the first two football league seasons Preston North End slipped to second and Everton won the league with a two-point gap. Meanwhile, there had been changes in the league since the last football league season, Stoke had not been re-elected to the football league, so joined the rival Football Alliance. They were replaced with Sunderland, who were nicknamed "the team of all talents" at the time.


1890–91 Football League, Final league table
The table below is reproduced here in the exact form that it can be found at the  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79, with home and away statistics separated.


1890–91 Football League, Final league table
Beginning with the season 1894–95, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded). In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976–77 season. Since the goal average was used for this purpose for such a long time, it is presented in the tables below even for the seasons prior to 1894–95.


1890–91 Football League, Final league table
During the first five seasons of the league, that is until the season 1893–94 re-election process concerned the clubs which finished in the bottom four of the league.


1890–91 Football League, The re-election process
The number of clubs in the Football League was to be increased by two for the 1891–92 season. In addition to the four League sides seeking re-election, six non-league clubs (five of them from the Football Alliance) also sought League membership. The voting went as follows:


1890–91 Football Tournament
Statistics of the Football Tournament in the 1890/1891 season. The format was slightly unusual in that all games had to have a winner. Therefore, if the match was level after 90 minutes, extra time was played. If the match was still level after extra time, the match was replayed until a winner emerged.


1890–91 Football Tournament, Overview
It was contested by 7 teams, and Kjøbenhavns Boldklub won the championship.


1890–91 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season
The 1890–91 season is the 1st season of competitive football by Heart of Midlothian. Hearts also competed in the Scottish Cup, the Rosebery Charity Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.


1890–91 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview
Hearts finished 6th in the league in its inaugural year, also going on to win the Scottish Cup for the first time.


1890–91 Hibernian F.C. season
Season 1890–91 was the 14th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 14th time.


1890–91 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview
Hibs reached the second round of the Scottish Cup, losing 9–1 to Dumbarton.


1890–91 Irish League
The 1890–91 Irish League was the first year of league football under the Irish Football Association.


1890–91 Irish League, League format
For this season, the league used a double Round-robin format, where teams played each other both home and away once.


1890–91 Kilmarnock F.C. season
Season 1890–91 was the 18th season of competitive football by Kilmarnock.


1890–91 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview
Kilmarnock entered the Scottish Cup for the 18th time and also competed in the Ayrshire Cup. They were eliminated in the first round of the Scottish Cup in a replay by Annbank for the second consecutive season despite scoring six times in the two matches.


1890–91 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview
Killie fared better in the Ayrshire Cup. After defeating Irvine, 5–0, in the first round, they recorded a club-record 15–0 win against Lanemark in the second round, a record which still stands after 129 years. They overcame Kilbirnie 3–1 in a third round replay to reach the semi-finals where they defeated local rivals Kilmarnock Athletic, 3–2. In the final, Kilmarnock set another record as they defeated Hurlford 7–1 – the largest margin of victory in an Ayrshire Cup final.


1890–91 Kilmarnock F.C. season, Overview
After three seasons playing in black and white stripes, Kilmarnock changed their uniforms back to the original Oxford blue. The team would play the next five seasons decked all in blue.


1890–91 Netherlands Football League Championship
The Netherlands Football League Championship 1890–1891 was contested by five teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem and Rotterdam. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship, making it the first proper football league in Continental Europe. HVV Den Haag from The Hague won the championship, it was considered to be the first official one, since it was the first season in which all teams played an equal number of matches.


1890–91 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was Newton Heath's second season in the Football Alliance; they finished in 9th position. The club also took part in the FA Cup, reaching the Second Qualifying Round; the Lancashire Senior Cup, in which they reached the Second Round; and the Manchester and District Challenge Cup, in which they finished as runners-up to Ardwick.


1890–91 Northern Football League
The 1890–91 Northern Football League season was the second in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.


1890–91 Northern Football League, Clubs
The league featured 6 clubs which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:


1890–91 Ottawa Hockey Club season
The 1890–91 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's sixth season of play. The club would have an outstanding record, winning 13 and losing 1. The club would play in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) in the OHA's first season and would win its championship, the Cosby Cup, against Amateur Hockey Association of Canada(AHAC) teams and against other Ottawa teams.


1890–91 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business
The club met on November 19, 1890, and elected their officers:


1890–91 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business
The club also approved the idea of the forming of a city league in Ottawa composed of the Ottawa HC, Rideau Club, Ottawa College, Dey's Rink and Rebels clubs. This was the start of the Ottawa City Hockey League.


1890–91 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business
The club nominated J. A. Baum to be their representative at the founding meeting of the Ontario Hockey Association. Frank Jenkins, it was announced, would not play this year due to "an accident to his leg."


1890–91 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business
In the team's financial statement for the season, the team recorded a $70.11 deficit on expenses of $121.11 and minus an OAAC grant of $30 and $21 from team member subscriptions.


1890–91 Rangers F.C. season
The 1890–91 season is the 17th season of competitive football by Rangers.


1890–91 Rangers F.C. season
The season saw the club play in a league set-up for the first time in its history.


1890–91 Rangers F.C. season, Overview
Rangers played a total of 20 competitive matches during the 1890–91 season. They were the joint winners of the first ever Scottish League, sharing the title with Dumbarton. The club's drew the championship play-off 2–2, so both were awarded the title and declared champions.


1890–91 Rangers F.C. season, Overview
The club ended the season without the Scottish Cup after being knocked out by Celtic in the first round by 1–0.


1890–91 Royal Arsenal F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was the fifth in the history of Royal Arsenal, the club that was to become Arsenal F.C. This was the club's first season as a professional side, with overwhelming support to do so from the players. Their achievements in the previous season saw them granted direct admission to the First Round Proper of the FA Cup, marking their first full appearance in the competition. This season also saw them move grounds from Manor Field to the Invicta Ground, also in Plumstead.


1890–91 Royal Arsenal F.C. season
During the season, the team played in three cup competitions: the FA Cup, the London Senior Cup and the London Charity Cup. After finishing as runners-up the previous season, they won the London Senior Cup for the first time. Turning professional meant that they rescinded their membership of both London and Kent FAs, though support for the club continued to soar, with average attendances of 6,600, higher than half the teams in The Football League.


1890–91 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Matches
Royal Arsenal played 35 matches during the 1890–91 season, of which 27 were friendlies, 8 were competitive fixtures, with one of these being a first-class FA Cup fixture.


1890–91 Royal Arsenal F.C. season, Players
Below is a list of all players who made at least one appearance for Arsenal over the season. Interestingly, this was also the first season in which an official substitution was recorded, with HT. Offer coming on and some point during the 25 April 1891 game against Sunderland. Players making their debut for Arsenal are shown in Bold, Goalkeepers are marked in Italics.


1890–91 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1890–91 Rugby Union County Championship was the third edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.


1890–91 Rugby Union County Championship
Lancashire won the competition for the first time, winning all ten of their county fixtures during the season, which included beating the three teams declared champions of their respective divisional groups.


1890–91 Scottish Cup
The 1890–91 Scottish Cup was the 18th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Heart of Midlothian defeated Dumbarton 1–0 to win the trophy.


1890–91 Scottish Cup, First round
Beith, Bellstane Birds, Glengowan, Portland Lybstor and Edinburgh University received byes into the second round.


1890–91 Scottish Cup, Second round
Dundee Our Boys, Edinburgh University and Stranraer received byes into the third round.


1890–91 Scottish Cup, Third round
Arbroath and Fifth KRV Receiver byes into the Fourth round.


1890–91 Scottish Cup, Fifth Round
East Stirlingshire, Leith Athletic, Abercorn and Third Lanark received byes into the Quarter Final.


1890–91 Scottish Districts season
The 1890–91 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.


1890–91 Scottish Districts season, History
North of Scotland District arranged a number of matches this season.


1890–91 Scottish Districts season, History
Midlands District arranged a New Year fixture against Edinburgh Academicals.


1890–91 Scottish Football League
The 1890–91 Scottish Football League was the first season of the Scottish Football League. It began on 16 August 1890 and concluded on 12 May 1891. The league was won jointly by Dumbarton and Rangers who ended the season with an equal number of points.


1890–91 Scottish Football League, Season overview
Dumbarton and Rangers ended the league season with an equal number of points so a play-off match was organised at Cathkin Park in Glasgow on 21 May 1891 to determine the winner. The game ended in a 2–2 draw so both clubs were declared champions.


1890–91 Scottish Football League, Season overview
On 30 September 1890 after playing four games in the league, Renton was suspended by the Scottish Football Association for professionalism, and the club was subsequently expelled from the league with their record expunged. Celtic, 3rd LRV and Cowlairs were docked four points each for fielding ineligible players. At the end of the season, the bottom three teams had to submit applications to rejoin the league for the next season along with other non-league clubs. St Mirren, Vale of Leven and Cowlairs submitted applications along with non-league club Leith Athletic. In the election, Cowlairs lost their league position to Leith Athletic, with St Mirren and Vale of Leven being re-elected.


1890–91 Scottish Football League, Clubs
The inaugural season of the Scottish Football League was contested by 11 clubs. This was reduced to 10 clubs after four games when Renton was expelled from the league for professionalism.


1890–91 Scottish Football League, Championship Play-off
Rangers defeated 3rd Lanark RV 4–1 in their final league match on 9 May 1891 to move level with Dumbarton on 29 points, and a play-off was organised to determine which team would be crowned champions. However, the match finished as a draw and, with no more dates available for a further replay before the end of the season, it was decided that Dumbarton and Rangers would be declared joint champions.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was Sheffield United's second, and their first and only season playing in the newly formed Midland Counties League, as the club sought to establish itself as a major footballing force. The team was selected by the club's football committee and coached by a trainer, but day-to-day affairs were overseen by club secretary Joseph Wostinholm. The club saw a large influx of players during the season as it continued to bolster its numbers with amateurs loaned or signed from other teams in the local area, a policy that resulted in an unsettled side, indifferent league results, and a mid-table finish.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season
United (nicknamed the Blades) entered the FA Cup once more but were lucky to reach the first round proper, losing to Burton Swifts during qualifying only to see the Staffordshire club disqualified. They also competed in the Wharncliffe Charity Cup and the Sheffield Challenge Cup, in which they were beaten finalists for the second year in succession.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season
The development of the playing squad continued with the signings of John Drummond and Billy Hendry from Preston North End, who brought experience and a solid professionalism. Harry Lilley was recruited in the early part of the season, and became a regular in United's defence for several seasons.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Background
After a first season of mixed fortunes on the field the football committee recognised the appetite amongst the Sheffield public for the game, as attendances at Bramall Lane had steadily increased. They recognised that league football was essential to grow that interest and offer a better standard of opposition, and had therefore joined the recently created Midland Counties League, although still insisting on organising numerous friendly fixtures. The committee continued to select the team, although J. B. Wostinholm oversaw the day–to–day running of the club.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Kit
Although United's jersey remained predominantly white, thin red vertical stripes were introduced for the first time, which evolved into the solid red and white stripes that the team still plays in today. The team retained the blue shorts and socks worn in the previous season.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League
The previous season had been considered reasonably successful, but United still looked to improve the quality of players in the squad. The players recruited from Scotland during the previous summer had failed to live up to expectations and the majority of them were released; only Calder and Robertson were retained. Billy Bridgewater and Edward Cross were signed from nearby Rotherham Town, and Harry Lilley arrived from Staveley during the close season, but the Blades persisted with their policy of utilising guest amateur players from the local area.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League
United were now playing in the Midland Counties League but results were indifferent, with the Blades winning only twice in their opening eight fixtures. Their fortunes began to improve in November and December however as they registered a series of victories including an impressive 4–0 win over Kidderminster at Bramall Lane and a 5–2 victory at Derby Midland. Despite the relative failure of their previous recruitment in Scotland, by the end of the year United had signed Gavin Crawford and Harry Munro from north of the border as the Blades entered 1891 in more positive form.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League
Following a league fixture break during January 1891 United resumed their campaign in February, but the form they had shown in the run up to Christmas deserted them, and results were inconsistent. In the midst of congested fixture list the Blades finished the season fifth in the league (out of ten sides) and once again resolved to improve the quality of players by recruiting established professionals ahead of the next season.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Midland Counties League
They duly negotiated the transfers of  John Drummond, Billy Hendry and Samuel Dobson from Preston North End, then one of the top sides in the country, and they arrived over a number of weeks through February and March to bolster United's first team options. The most significant signing during the season was that of a young Ernest Needham from Staveley in February 1891. Although he did not play for United in the 1890–91 season he went on to become one of the club's greatest players, making more than 500 appearances.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, FA Cup
Having had relative success during their first FA Cup campaign the previous season United struggled to replicate that form and were fortunate to make it past the qualifying rounds in 1890. Having narrowly defeated Derby Junction they lost 2–1 to Burton Swifts in the next game, but the Staffordshire club was subsequently disqualified for fielding an ineligible player. Matlock and Loughborough were then easily despatched as United reached the first round proper of the cup for the second time. This was as far as the Blades would progress however, as they met Notts County at Bramall Lane in mid–January only to be trounced 9–1 by the visitors, a result that remains the club's worst in the competition.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cups
United once again entered the Sheffield Challenge Cup and reached the final for the second season in succession. After a straightforward 7–1 victory over Attercliffe in round one the Blades made their way past Kilnhurst in the semi-final at the second time of asking. On 21 March they met near neighbours Doncaster Rovers in the final, but despite having home advantage, with the game being played at Bramall Lane, United lost 2–1.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Local cups
The team entered the Wharncliffe Charity Cup at the semi-final stage but were drawn against established cross-city rivals The Wednesday. Despite increasing rivalry between the clubs, a relatively small crowd of just over 3,000 spectators were present at Wednesday's Olive Grove ground to watch them beat United 2–1.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies
Despite now playing competitive league football United continued to fill the fixture list with numerous friendlies, which ultimately led to them playing 64 first-team games over the course of eight months. There was a noticeable improvement in the quality of opposition however, as a number of the more established professional teams visited Bramall Lane during the first half of the season, drawing reasonable crowds in the process. Although there were early season losses to Everton and Preston North End, United secured victories against Bolton Wanderers and Derby County, both at the time members of the Football League First Division.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies
The second half of the season saw a continued run of exhibition games but the quality of opposition was, at times, not as high. Despite lesser opposition, results tailed off as the fixture congestion these games created began to take its toll on the squad, most notably at the point when United's involvement in the Sheffield Challenge Cup meant that they had two first-team games scheduled for the same day. Rather than cancelling the pre-arranged friendlies the Blades went ahead with both fixtures, splitting the first team between them.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Season overview, Friendlies
The highlight of the fixture calendar did result from a friendly match however, as a then record 14,000 Sheffielders were present at Bramall Lane in January to watch United beat local rivals The Wednesday for the first time, running out 3–2 victors. January also saw United take on their first ever non–English team when they played Scottish side Linthouse, although the match was limited to only 35 minutes each way owing to poor light.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, First team
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1890–91 Sheffield United F.C. season, Squad, Players leaving before end of the season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was the tenth season of competitive association football played by Small Heath Football Club, an English football club based in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, and their second season in the Football Alliance. They finished in tenth position in the twelve-team league for the second consecutive year. Seven wins, two draws and thirteen defeats gave them sixteen points, one point fewer than in 1889–90. The team scored 58 goals in Alliance competition, but conceded 66, at an average of three goals per match.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season
Small Heath entered the 1890–91 FA Cup at the  first qualifying round stage, but were disqualified from the competition after winning their second qualifying round match for fielding an unregistered player. In local competitions, they were eliminated by West Bromwich Albion in the first round of the Birmingham Senior Cup and by Aston Villa in the semi-final of the Birmingham Charity Cup. Small Heath also played several friendly matches during the season.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season
Small Heath used twenty-two different players in nationally organised competitive matches during the season and had eight different goalscorers. Five players – the full-back pairing of Tom Bayley and Fred Speller and forwards Jack Hallam, Fred Wheldon and captain Will Devey – were ever-present over the 24-match season. The top scorer in the Alliance was centre-forward Charlie Short with 16 goals; if the FA Cup is included, Short and Devey each scored 17.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Background
Small Heath finished tenth in the inaugural season of the Football Alliance, and was re-elected for 1890–91. Among regular first-team players to leave the club were Walter Gittins, Eddy Stanley, and Chris Charsley. Gittins was Fred Speller's full-back partner for most of the previous season, and moved on to Stafford Rangers. Stanley had been with the club for nine years before injury forced his retirement.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Background
During that time he played in 22 FA Cup matches, scoring 14 times, contributed two goals and an assist as Small Heath won their first trophy, the Walsall Cup in 1883, and scored 5 goals from 13 games in the first Football Alliance campaign. Goalkeeper Charsley, a serving police officer, announced his retirement. In June, he was honoured with a dinner at which he was presented with a £40 collection and a piano. The Birmingham Daily Post suggested the club "were hardly likely ever to find so good a man again".


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Background
New arrivals included forward Charlie Short, who had played one match for Small Heath in March before finishing the season with Unity Gas, full-back Tom Bayley from Walsall Town Swifts, and goalkeeper Charles Partridge from Wednesbury Old Athletic.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Background
The club's intended new kit – a plain royal blue shirt and stockings with white knickerbockers – failed to arrive by the start of the season, so the team began the new campaign in the previous year's black shirts with an amber collar, white knickerbockers and black stockings, which had proved difficult to see for players and spectators alike. When the new kit arrived ahead of the match against Sunderland Albion in mid-September, the suppliers had sent only nine sets, so they had to play one more game in the old colours. Will Devey was captain.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
The season opened with a friendly against local Football League club Aston Villa, who suffered a defeat that was "little short of humiliating, and altogether unexpected, even by adherents of Small Heath who had been looking forward to the contest with feelings of apprehension". The visitors "thoroughly deserved their pronounced and handsome victory", by four goals to nil in a rough game, in which "play was once stopped for some minutes due to one of the Villa men having been badly kicked, and subsequently the Villa goal-keeper and one of the Small Heath players came very nearly to fighting."


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
The Football Alliance season began with a visit to Walsall Town Swifts in summery weather. Will Devey opened the scoring, but Swifts asserted their superiority and led by three goals at the interval; Small Heath regrouped, and the second half brought one goal for each side. On "one of the hottest days of the whole year", Small Heath had intended to introduce their new blue-and-white kit for the visit of Sunderland Albion, but had to revert to the "old and dismal black-and-amber jerseys" when they discovered the suppliers had sent only nine sets of clothing. Chris Charsley kept goal, apparently having postponed his retirement, and Small Heath played well in losing 3–0. The Post commented favourably on Fred Speller at full-back and on half-backs Harry Morris and Ted Devey, and described how "the ponderous Jenkins did much useful work in his usual inelegant fashion."


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
A strong Small Heath team played a "dashing" game in a 3–1 friendly defeat away to West Bromwich Albion, but took the next friendly, a 3–0 win at home to Midland League club Warwick County, rather less seriously. The Post's correspondent thought  Speller was "always safe and judicious" and his full-back partner Tom Bayley had improved since the Sunderland game, but was unimpressed by Charles Partridge's goalkeeping. The forwards passed well but missed too many chances in the Alliance match away to Grimsby Town as Heath lost 3–1.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
October began with the first qualifying round of the 1890–91 FA Cup at home to Hednesford Town, who went into the match unbeaten, having scored 50 goals and conceded just 3. After the kickoff was delayed while the Small Heath team had their photographs taken, Hednesford were outclassed 8–0. Despite fears that the attendance at The Wednesday's first home Alliance game of the season would be adversely affected by the minimum admission charge being raised to 4d.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
and by Sheffield United arranging a friendly for the same day, a crowd of 7,000 watched Small Heath secure their first point of the season. The visitors settled down only after Wednesday had taken the lead, and struck the crossbar twice before Billy Walton took advantage of a poor clearance to tie the scores. Two minutes later, Will Devey scored with a low shot, but "one of the best got goals ever scored on Olive Grove", a fine team attack finished by Harry Winterbottom, made the half-time score 2–2. Jack Hallam's long shot regained the lead for Heath soon after the interval, but Wednesday levelled the scores again late in the game after strong attacking pressure.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
A strong wind blowing towards the Charles Road end was instrumental in settling the visit of Walsall Town Swifts in the Alliance: in a match with "a great deal of bumping, but very little science", Swifts scored when the wind was in their favour, Small Heath did not. The Post attributed the lack of a detailed match report on the 3–3 friendly draw with West Bromwich Albion to its reporter's inability to find space in the press hut after it was invaded by spectators seeking shelter from the rain.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
The Football Alliance fined Small Heath and three other clubs £1 each for not notifying the secretary of their results, a minor failure in administrative competence compared with what was to follow. In the second qualifying round of the FA Cup, Small Heath had a harder time than perhaps they expected in beating Wednesbury Old Athletic by two goals. Credit was as much due to Charsley, Speller and Jenkyns in defence as to the goalscorers.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, September–October
But their efforts were in vain, as Wednesbury's protest, that Charlie Short had not been registered in time to play in the match, was upheld, and Small Heath were disqualified from the competition. The local press was scathing: the Post called it "quite the most egregious blunder which has been perpetrated in football circles this season", and supposed that "the veriest tyro in the winter pastime would have known better than to spoil the club's chances for fame in such an absurd way".


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
Small Heath went into November bottom of the Alliance with only one point, and approached the encounter with league leaders Stoke "intend[ing] at least to test the opponents' mettle". They did rather better than that. In a fast-paced game, they took a two-goal lead in the first half and scored another three in the second, Stoke's only reply coming from Ted Devey's own goal.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
Walter Ward's debut in goal in a 1–1 draw at Bootle attracted praise from the Liverpool Mercury, as did his defence, and the quickness on the ball and combination play of the forwards, particularly Hallam and Will Devey, was also noted. Small Heath arranged a friendly with Burslem Port Vale for the day allocated for the next round of the Association Cup. Heath's forwards combined well in attack and shot accurately to score five goals (with several disallowed) to Vale's one.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
In contrast, the forwards performed with "little cohesion, and were especially weak in front of goal" on their return to Alliance competition at home to Darwen. Arthur Turner, in what was to be his only appearance in league competition, was a poor substitute for Short, and neither Will Devey nor Charsley were at their best, the latter putting through his own net with an attempted clearance. At 4–1 behind with little time remaining, the home side adopted a more direct style of play that brought two goals, but Darwen held on for the win.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
Their next match, a visit to local rivals Birmingham St George's, took a similar course. On a pitch with a thick covering of snow, Saints took a three-goal lead before Heath recovered their competitiveness, and the game reached half-time with the score 4–2. John Devey increased Saints' lead, but after Fred Wheldon had a goal disallowed, Hallam scored twice, and Saints were hard pressed to stop their visitors gaining an unlikely draw.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
The Post warned that "if Small Heath seriously contemplate winning another Alliance match this season, it will be necessary for their players to make a more sustained effort during the progress of the game, and not wait until the last twenty minutes before they afford the spectators a glimpse of their proper form."


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
On the next Monday, those few spectators not discouraged by the wintry weather watched an attractive and well-contested 2–2 draw with Aston Villa in a friendly at Coventry Road, followed a few days later by a rather more lacklustre friendly against Derby Midland that finished with the same score. Alliance competition resumed with a visit to Newton Heath. On a hard pitch, Small Heath attacked from the start, playing a passing game, but failed to convert any of their chances. Newton Heath scored either side of the interval, each goal going in off a Small Heath full back, then, after Hallam scored with a high shot, a lively finish to the game produced a third home goal.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, November–December
After a trial in the Port Vale friendly in November, Tommy Hands made his competitive debut for Small Heath away to Stoke, playing at outside left alongside Wheldon; he was to play nearly 150 matches for the club over the next six seasons. Short gave the visitors an early lead, and the defence held out for half an hour before conceding to a scrimmage. In the second half, Short regained the lead, but soon after Stoke equalised again, Walter Ward was injured and had to leave the field. Stoke took full advantage of their extra man and the Small Heath defence weakened by Fred Speller taking over in goal; they forced two more goals to take the match 4–2 and return their opponents to the bottom of the table.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
Playing under protest because of the slippery playing surface, Small Heath lost their opening match of 1891 at Darwen by five goals to three. The Birmingham Daily Post thought the practice of playing under protest was disruptive both to clubs and supporters, and it was high time the leagues ruled that if a match takes place at all, and bad light or extreme weather does not prevent its completion, then the result should stand.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
On 10 January, The Wednesday were the first visitors to Coventry Road after a spell of weather so cold that even before Christmas the pools in Birmingham's parks had been overcrowded with skaters; the pitch was several inches deep in snow, but playable. Speller made several mistakes early in the game which Wednesday failed to punish, but once Wheldon opened the scoring, the match became one-sided.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
At Wednesday's request, the Sheffield Association had restricted to two the number of their players selected for the annual inter-association match against Glasgow scheduled for the same day, but their absence had an adverse effect. After half-time, the Small Heath forwards, with Will Devey partnering Hallam on the right wing and Short in Devey's usual position in the centre, "commenced to play with a vigour and cleverness they have rarely before shown this season", and were seven goals to the good before Charsley fumbled a ball to allow the visitors a late consolation.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
Small Heath failed to progress past their opening match in the Birmingham Cup, on a "dreadfully hard and slippery" pitch covered with straw at West Bromwich Albion's ground. They led 2–1, and appeared to have increased that lead, but the referee, who was unsighted and whose umpires disagreed as to the goal's validity, could not be sure the ball had crossed the line. Ted Devey's half-back play, particularly his constructive use of the ball, was praised, as was Jenkyns' physicality, but Albion still scored twice without reply in the second half.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
The referee realised he might have been mistaken, and attempted to have the match replayed, but the result stood. The Alliance meeting with Birmingham St George's, scheduled for 24 January, was postponed because the latter club's Association Cup tie took precedence, so Small Heath finished January with a comfortable victory in a friendly against Kidderminster.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
Alliance competition resumed with a fast-paced, open game in which Small Heath beat Crewe Alexandra 4–3. Villa had the better of an ill-tempered friendly, in which former policeman Caesar Jenkyns and Villa's Tom McKnight were sent off after indulging in "an unseemly and violent bout of fisticuffs". In Jenkyns' absence, the 36-year-old Charlie Simms played his first and only league match of the season, at home to Grimsby Town. Short scored early in the second half, but the forwards lacked composure in front of goal, and despite Charsley's best efforts, Grimsby scored twice.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
After the match, the Post's correspondent described Small Heath as "a most erratic combination". As if to illustrate the point, they beat leading club Nottingham Forest twice in three days. At Nottingham, on a frosty pitch with bright, low sun that made goalkeeping difficult, the two teams scored alternately, Forest taking the lead and Heath equalising, until 4–4, when Short's 73rd-minute winner inflicted Forest's first home league defeat of the season. At Coventry Road, the good weather and the previous result attracted a large crowd, and kickoff was delayed for half an hour.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, January–February
When play did begin, Small Heath's "forwards were smart and quick on the ball, passed judiciously and accurately, and shot with precision and power" in a 4–2 win. The Post echoed its earlier assessment: "there are no half measures about the Coventry Road players; they are either very good or very bad."


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March–April
March began with an even game against Newton Heath. The visitors took the lead early in the first half when the ball was adjudged over the line before Charsley cleared, and Wheldon equalised shortly before the interval. Constant pressing in the second half was repulsed by the Newton Heath defence, and Wheldon failed to convert with only the goalkeeper to beat, then, two minutes from time, Wheldon was successful from a similar position and Small Heath won 2–1.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March–April
Their defence was much weakened by the inclusion of Fred Heath in place of Caesar Jenkyns, and Birmingham St George's won the postponed match quite easily. At home to Bootle, Ward came in for Charsley in goal, and Albert Evers, making his league debut, and Charsley's brother Walter came in to the half-back line instead of Heath and the still-absent Jenkyns. The scores were level at one apiece until nearing half-time, when Charlie Short scored three goals in as many minutes; another three in the second half, for Devey, Hands and Wheldon, secured a 7–1 win and lifted Small Heath to ninth place in the table.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March–April
On the Saturday of the Easter weekend, Small Heath achieved an unexpected victory in a friendly against West Bromwich Albion. Playing with the benefit of a cold wind at their backs, Wheldon gained a first-half lead, but Albion's defence was too strong for that lead to be increased. Against the wind in the second half, Short fell over in the act of shooting before Wheldon scored again, and however hard Albion tried, they could only pull one goal back.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March–April
On Easter Monday, Heath suffered a heavy defeat at Middlesbrough Ironopolis in a friendly; the match was goalless at half-time, but once "the home team no longer had the sun in their eyes", the score rose regularly. They did little better in the Alliance at Sunderland Albion the next day, where "the home side had three-fourths of the play to themselves, and exhibited their superiority from start to finish" as they won by four goals to nil.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March–April
A friendly played in a downpour at Coventry Road, won by Aston Villa by five goals to four with the last kick of the game, preceded the meeting of the same two clubs in the Birmingham Charity Cup at the County Cricket Ground. On "a perfect quagmire" of a pitch, "accurate and scientific football was out of the question", and Villa won 3–1 to reach the final. Small Heath's competitive programme ended with a heavy defeat at Crewe Alexandra that confirmed their tenth-place finish in the Alliance. Three friendlies against local opposition completed their season.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Season review, March–April
Three Warwick County players were tried out in the 3–2 defeat of Wolverhampton Wanderers; the winning goal was scored by Will Devey, who was confirmed to be joining Wolverhampton for the coming season. A poor performance earned Small Heath a thrashing at Walsall Town Swifts, and in the last match of the campaign, neither club fielded its strongest eleven as Small Heath beat Birmingham St George's 2–0.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath
Throughout the season, the team's two main problems were inconsistency and the inability to keep a clean sheet. On too many occasions, a fine display alternated with a collapse; at least one goal was conceded in every Alliance match, at least three goals in 14 of the 22. The tenth-place finish, with one point fewer than in their first season, was a fair reflection of their performances. At the Annual General Meeting of the Football Alliance, the bottom four teams were all re-elected. The club was £234 in debt at the end of the season. The Birmingham Daily Post suggested that


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath
Misfortune and mismanagement did them considerable damage during the cup-tie crisis, and towards the latter end of the season the team did not get the encouragement it deserved from the public; but with a larger staff of directors and an infusion of new blood into the team it is hoped that Small Heath patrons will be induced to encourage an old and respected club.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Summary and aftermath
In February, it was reported that the Devey brothers intended to stay with Small Heath, but it was a decision dependent "on circumstances over which finance has sole control." By April, it was confirmed that Will Devey, top scorer both this season and last, was to join Football League club Wolverhampton Wanderers. Caesar Jenkyns succeeded him as captain. New players ahead of the 1891–92 season included the former Warwick County players George Hollis (goalkeeper), Billy Ollis (centre half) and Fred Wilkes (centre forward), who were tried out in an end-of-season friendly. Arthur Carter, a forward who had also signed from Warwick County, was obliged to retire on medical advice after a serious leg injury.


1890–91 Small Heath F.C. season, Match details
For consistency, attendances and goalscorers' names in the Football Alliance and FA Cup match details are sourced from Matthews (2010). Information in contemporary newspaper reports could, and often did, differ.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season
1890–91 was the sixth season for St. Mary's Football Club (St. Mary's F.C.) based in Southampton in southern England. Having won the Hampshire Junior Cup outright in the previous season, the club entered the Hampshire Senior Cup, winning it at the first attempt.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season
St. Mary's continued to play their home grounds at the Antelope Ground in St. Mary's Road and to wear a strip of cherry red quarters, although the shorts were now blue rather than white. The club continued to dominate football in the town of Southampton, with Freemantle, outside the town boundary until 1895, the only other substantial club in the locality.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Summary of the season
By the end of the season, St. Mary's had won not only the Hampshire Senior Cup, but also the Charity Cup put up by Hampshire County Cricket Club. They were also able to widen the circle of friendly matches to include stronger military and touring sides. The season ended with a club membership in excess of 400 and a bank balance of £100, double that at the start of the season.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel
Although he continued to play, F. A. Delamotte stood down as club secretary and was replaced by John Hendin, with Harry Johns being appointed treasurer. Canon Basil Wilberforce remained as Honorary President although Dr. Russell Bencraft, the senior committee member, was responsible for the running of the club. There were two new members of the playing staff; George Marshall and Ernie Nicholls, both of whom would remain with the club for several years.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel
The only player remaining from the eleven who played in the inaugural match in November 1885 was regular goalkeeper Ralph Ruffell although Arthur Fry made a brief return, making one cup appearance in goal in the absence of Ruffell. Apart from this change, the same eleven players appeared in all five cup matches played during the 1890–91 season.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Personnel
Although there is no record of St. Mary's having any full-time professional players, they were able to attract the best players from the area. William Pickford, the secretary of the Hampshire F.A. (and later the President of the Football Association) writing some years later said: "It may or may not be that there were "inducements", though without doubt the honour of playing with a brilliantly successful side was itself no inconsiderable one".


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
Having won the Hampshire Junior Cup outright in the previous season, St. Mary's now turned their attention to the Hampshire Senior Cup. Their chances of success at a senior level were not rated very highly as the Hampshire Independent reported:


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
When the Senior ties commenced there was a very diverse feeling abroad as to the Saints' chances of getting a look in at the final; and some whose digestion had interfered with their judgement predicted that, although they had pulled off the junior honour, they would soon go under when pitted against the senior clubs of the county.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
They were given a bye into the second round, where they met Geneva Cross, a team derived from staff at the Royal Victoria Hospital at Netley, who were easily defeated, 5–0. The match was played at the Antelope Ground in very muddy conditions, with the frozen pitch being softened by rain; the mud was reported to be "ankle deep at the Infirmary End".


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
A month later, St. Mary's met Banister Court in the semi-final; Banister Court were a school team composed mainly of teachers, who were renowned for their "pretty football". Amongst the pupils at Banister Court was the 16-year-old Charles Miller, who would go on to become the "father of Brazilian football", although he was deemed "too light" to play against St. Mary's burly full-backs.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
Despite the efforts of W. P. Cole in the Banister Court goal, who was reported to "throw the ball out like an expert labourer, with pints of beer in him, excavating a trench", St. Mary's won the match 3–0 to set up the final against the holders, the Royal Engineers from Aldershot Garrison on 14 March 1891.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
As the holders, the Engineers were favourites to take the trophy for a third consecutive season. Playing at the County Ground in front of a record crowd estimated at between 4,000 and 5,000, who paid entrance fees totalling £63, St. Mary's took the lead after 20 minutes, through Ernie Nicholls who produced "a stinging shot which no goalkeeper could have saved" although the Engineers were level by half-time, following a slip by the Saints' captain, George Carter.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
In the second half, goals from Frank Bromley ("a cheer rent the air that might have been heard more than a mile away") and Bob Kiddle ("the delight of the Southampton people knew no bounds") gave St. Mary's the victory, thus remaining undefeated in four seasons of Hampshire cup football. The Southampton Times commented that "Saints never played a better game"; "once more, they had walked smiling through their opponents".


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
Writing in the Bournemouth Guardian, "Offside" considered the St. Mary's triumph as


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
almost the only event of any notion in the local football world ... It was a victory highly creditable to the Southampton Club, for no other team in the County could have tackled the Engineers with the confidence that the Saints displayed.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Hampshire Senior Cup
After the match, the two sides went to Gidden's Restaurant where the Saints entertained the Engineers. During the after-dinner speeches, Dr. Russell Bencraft announced that the club "might enter for the English Cup, just for the sake of competing, as (he) felt sure they could hold their own against such teams as Swindon and Reading etc. and it would be a feather in their caps to get through a round or two".


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches
St. Mary's continued to play most of their football in friendly matches, widening the circle to include stronger military and touring sides.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Friendly matches, Results
The results of the friendly matches that are known were as follows:


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Player statistics
The players who appeared in either of the two Cup tournaments were as follows. This list does not include players who only played in friendly matches.


1890–91 St. Mary's F.C. season, Players
The players who made their first competitive appearance for the club in 1889–90 include the following:


1890–91 Stoke F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was Stoke's only season in the Football Alliance.


1890–91 Stoke F.C. season
Stoke played their only season in the Football Alliance which they won the title and were re-elected back into the Football League at the end of the season. Stoke found life much easier in the Alliance and lost just twice as they ended up with 33 points and their first league title.


1890–91 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League
For the 1890–91 season Stoke joined the Football Alliance which comprised 12 teams made up from the Midlands and the North. This was very much the secondary competition to the Football League and while Stoke had struggled in their two previous seasons, they quickly came to grips with life in the Alliance and finished as champions. Stoke only lost two matches all season and were re-elected back into the Football League.


1890–91 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, League
Both defeats came in Birmingham, 5–2 at St George's and 5–1 at Small Heath and in both games they had their goalkeeper (Bill Rowley and Wilf Merritt respectively) carried off due to injury. With no reserve 'keepers available for the following fixtures Stoke resorted to utilising two outfield players, Hughie Phillips v Crewe Alexandra and Alf Underwood v Bootle in goal. Eventually Ike Brookes the Staffordshire County cricket wicket-keeper was signed for the rest of the season and played in the last 12 matches where Stoke remained unbeaten to claim the title.


1890–91 Stoke F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup
While out of the Football League, Stoke played a major part in the formation of the penalty kick when, in February 1891 they were knocked out of the FA Cup in the third round by Notts County 1–0 after two previous 3–0 victory's over Preston North End and Aston Villa. With time running out and Stoke pressing forward for an equalizer, Notts County's defender Jack Hendry handled in the area so the referee gave a free kick to Stoke. Notts County put all eleven men on the line and Stoke failed to score. This same referee, who recognised what an unjust event had occurred later became a football legislator and it was he who introduced the penalty kick to the Football League and FA Cup competitions for the 1891–92 season.


1890–91 Sunderland A.F.C. season
The 1890–91 season was Sunderland's 11th season in existence, and their first season as a Football League club. Sunderland were elected into the league for the beginning of its third season, in place of Stoke City who had finished bottom in 1889–90.


1890–91 Sunderland A.F.C. season
Although bottom by mid December, Sunderland had a strong second half of the season, losing only once in the new year and finishing in seventh place (out of twelve). They would have finished fifth were they not deducted two points for failing to register goalkeeper Ned Doig ahead of the game at West Brom.


1890–91 Sunderland A.F.C. season
Sunderland went on a cup run, reaching their first ever FA Cup Semi-final, losing in a replay to Notts County. Sunderland declined to enter their first team into the Durham Challenge Cup, instead opting to send Sunderland 'A'.


1890–91 Welsh Amateur Cup
The 1890–91 Welsh Amateur Cup was the first season of the Welsh Amateur Cup. The cup was won by Wrexham Victoria who defeated Flint Town 4-1 in the final.


1890–91 Welsh Cup
The 1890–91 FAW Welsh Cup was the 14th edition of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales. The competition was won by Shrewsbury Town.


1890–91 in English football
The 1890–91 season was the 20th season of competitive football in England.


1890–91 in English football, Events
Everton started the 1890–91 season in superb form with five straight victories, with Fred Geary scoring in each of the first six matches. By mid-January, Everton had completed all but one of their fixtures and were on 29 points, while Preston North End were eleven points adrift with seven games still to play. Everton then had to sit out the next two months as Preston completed their fixture list until they were only two points adrift with one match each left to play.


1890–91 in English football, Events
Both teams played their final games of the season on 14 March, with Everton losing 3–2 at Burnley (Geary scored both Everton goals) and Preston going down 3–0 at Sunderland. Everton were thus able to win the Football League Championship for the first time, by a margin of two points with fourteen victories from their 22 league games.


1890–91 in English football, National team
In the 1891 British Home Championship, for the second time England played matches against Wales and Ireland on the same day, 7 March 1891, winning both comfortably.


1890–91 in English football, National team, Wales
England awarded six new caps for the Welsh game, including the Everton left wing pairing of Edgar Chadwick and Alf Milward. For three of the débutantes, Leonard Wilkinson (goalkeeper) of Oxford University, Thomas Porteous of Sunderland and Elphinstone Jackson of Oxford University, this was their single England appearance. The final débutante was Albert Smith of Nottingham Forest, who made the first of 3 appearances at right-half.


1890–91 in English football, National team, Ireland
For the Irish match, for which England selected a predominantly Midlands based team, another five players made their debut, of which Joseph Marsden of Darwen and Jem Bayliss of West Bromwich Albion (both defenders) were not selected again. The other débutantes were Alf Underwood of Stoke at left-back, George Cotterill of Cambridge University, who made the first of 4 appearances at centre-forward (scoring on his debut) and fellow forward Arthur Henfrey (Corinthian) (who also scored on his debut). This was also Tinsley Lindley's final England appearance, which he marked by scoring 2 goals, as England were comfortable  6–1 victors.


1890–91 in English football, National team, Scotland
Scotland also beat Wales and Ireland, so, once again, the England v. Scotland match, played at Ewood Park, Blackburn on 6 April 1891, was the championship decider. England selected an experienced team including four players from the Everton side who had recently won the Football League championship, although, rather surprisingly considering the venue, no players were selected from the Blackburn Rovers side who had won the FA Cup in the final on 21 March. England took an early lead and were 2–0 up at half time and, although Scotland pulled a goal back through Frank Watt late in the game, England managed to hang on in a close game to clinch victory and the championship.


1890–91 in Scottish football
1890–91 in Scottish football was the 18th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the introduction of the Scottish Football League with ten teams competing.


1890–91 in Scottish football, Scottish Football League
Dumbarton and Rangers were declared joint champions after drawing a play-off game 2–2 at Cathkin Park, Glasgow on 21 May 1891. Renton started the season as members of the Scottish Football League, but were expelled for professionalism (the game was still officially amateur at this stage). Also, Celtic, Third Lanark and Cowlairs were all docked four points for fielding ineligible players.


1890–91 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
Hearts were winners of the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Dumbarton in the final.


1890–91 in Scottish football, Junior Cup
Vale of Clyde were winners of the Junior Cup with a 2–0 win over Chryston Athletic, in a replay after a draw in the first final.


1891
1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1891st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 891st  year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st  year of the 19th century, and the  2nd   year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1891, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1891 AHAC season
The 1891 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season saw the Montreal Hockey Club win the league and Canadian championship for the fourth straight season. Ontario launched the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) as the popularity of the sport spread west. Ottawa, the eventual Ontario champion, played in a challenge with Montreal and lost.


1891 AHAC season, Season
The Dominion Hockey Club did not return to put on a challenge. The Shamrock Athletic Association mounted their first challenge. The Ottawa Hockey Club returned to AHAC play.


1891 AHAC season, Season, Overall challenge record
Quebec lost to Montreal by default on January 7. As a result, Quebec was not allowed to issue any additional challenges for the 1891 season.


1891 AHAC season, Season, Overall challenge record
† National champion. The Montreals retained their championship all season without being defeated.


1891 AHAC season, Schedule and results
Games consisted of a mixture of Challenge games and Exhibition (friendlies)


1891 AHAC season, Schedule and results
Game on January 7 was defaulted to Montreal HC by Quebec. Quebec telegraphed that the team would not show.


1891 AHAC season, Player statistics, Goaltending averages
Note: GP = games played, GA = goals against, SO = shutouts, GAA = Goals against average


1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the fifth staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Dublin were the champions.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Representative clubs
From 1887 until 1891 the club champions represented the whole county.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the fourth All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Dublin were the winners.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
It was the first of six All-Ireland football titles won by Dublin in the 1890s.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
According to the website of the beaten finalists Clondrohid GAA (counties were represented by their club champions at that time), "Clondrohid had now qualified for the All Ireland Senior Football Final against Young Irelands of Dublin played on 28th February 1892 in Clonturk Park in Dublin. Clondrohid won the game 2-9 to 2-1, but several hours after the game the referee disallowed the first Clondrohid goal and as at the time a goal outweighed any number of points, Young Irelands were deemed victorious. Clondrohid subsequently appealed the decision and a replay was granted but for different reasons was never played and Dublin entered the record books as winners of the All Ireland Football title of 1891."


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 20 September 1891 and ended on 28 February 1892.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
Cork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Kerry won the All-Ireland following a 2-3 to 1-5 defeat of Wexford in the final.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams
The Leinster championship was contested by four teams: Dublin (Raparees), Kildare (Maynooth), Laois and Wexford (Crossabeg).


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams
Three counties contested the Munster championship: Cork (Blackrock), Kerry (Ballyduff) and Limerick (Treaty Stones).


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams
There were no provincial championships in either Connacht or Ulster.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 4th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Clonturk Park, Dublin, on 28 February 1892, between Kerry and Wexford. The Leinster champions lost out to their Munster counterparts on a score line of 2-3 to 1-5.


1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The game is notable for a number of reasons. This remains Kerry's only triumph in the All-Ireland championship. It came a full twelve years before their first All-Ireland title in Gaelic football. This remains the only All-Ireland final to be decided after a period of extra-time.


1891 American Cup
The 1891 American Cup was the seventh edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. The Fall River East Ends won their first title, keeping the title in Fall River for the fourth year running. Fall River Olympic won the title in 1890 and Fall River Rovers won in 1888 and 1889.


1891 American Cup, Participants
Joining this season were British Hosiery, Cumberland Rangers, Holyoke Rangers, Lowell Thistle, New Rochelle, and Nonpareils. Not returning from last season were Lonsdale, Paterson FC, Providence Athletic, and Trenton FC.


1891 American Cup, Round 1
The drawing for round one took place on Saturday September 20. Caledonian drew a bye to Round 2. Matches to be played on or before October 18.


1891 American Cup, Round 1, Eastern District
One source gave the final score as 7–0. Another gave the half-time score as 7-0 and the final as 10–1.


1891 American Cup, Round 1, Eastern District
A protest was entered by Fall River Olympic. The match was ordered to be played again on the Pawtucket grounds by November 15.


1891 American Cup, Round 1, Western District
Thistles failed to show up. Match was given to Kearney Rovers.


1891 American Cup, Round 1, Western District
Two sources gave a final score of 13–0. Two others gave a final score of 14–0.


1891 American Cup, Round 2
The drawing for round two took place on Saturday October 25, matches to be played within the next six weeks.


1891 American Cup, Round 2, Eastern District
Match was protested by East Ends, but the protest was dismissed.


1891 American Cup, Round 2, Western District
Match was protested by Nonpareils, but the protest was dismissed.


1891 American Cup, Round 3
Round 3 matches were arranged at a meeting on Saturday December 20. Nonpareil to play Longfellows and Fall River East Ends to play Fall River Rovers, on or before the First Saturday in March.


1891 American Cup, Round 3, Eastern District
Fall River Rovers entered a protest. A meeting was held on Saturday March 14 to consider the protest but a quorum was not present.


1891 Argentine Primera División
The 1891 Primera División was the first ever Argentine championship making Argentina's the oldest football league outside Continental Europe. This tournament was organized by the Argentine Association Football League whose president was F.L. Wooley. This league only lasted one season, so in 1892 no championship was held. In 1893 other Association with the same name would be established by Alexander Watson Hutton becoming current Argentine Football Association.


1891 Argentine Primera División
The championship took the format of a league of 5 teams, with each team playing the other twice. Many of the results of individual games have been lost, hence the lack of goals for and against in the table below. Hurlingham registered in the tournament but did not take part of the same.


1891 Argentine Primera División
At the end of the season, St. Andrew's and Old Caledonians finished at the top position with 13 points each. They were declared joint champions, but played a playoff match to decide which team got to keep the medals, being St. Andrew's the winner.


1891 Argentine Primera División
The current Association has not included this title in their documents, except in its web page where only St. Andrew's is listed as champion.


1891 Argentine Primera División, Final standings, Playoff game
This match was played to decide which team got to keep the medals.


1891 Army Cadets football team
The 1891 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1891 college football season. In the first full season of Army football (Army had played a single game in 1890), the Cadets compiled a 4–1–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 80 to 73. The Cadets opened the season with a 10–6 victory over Fordham, the team's first-ever win. In the final game of the season, the Cadets defeated the Midshipmen by 32-16 in the second annual Army–Navy Game.


1891 Army Cadets football team
Army's head coach in 1891 was 22-year-old Henry L. Williams, who had played football at Yale. Williams remained at the Academy only one year. He later served as head coach at Minnesota for 22 years and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1891 Army Cadets football team
No Army Cadets were honored on the 1891 College Football All-America Team.


1891 Aston Manor by-election
The Aston Manor by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Aston Manor on 20 March 1891. It was triggered by the death of incumbent MP George Kynoch.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1891 Atlantic hurricane season began during the summer and ran through the late fall of 1891. The season had ten tropical cyclones. Seven of these became hurricanes; one becoming a major Category 3 hurricane.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season
Because there were no modern satellite or other remote-sensing technologies, only cyclones that affected populated land areas or that encountered ships at sea are currently known, so the true total could be higher. For the years 1886 through 1910, an undercount bias of zero to four tropical cyclones per year has been estimated.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season
The tracks of four of the ten cyclones were revised in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas. Following re-analysis in 2003, two storms previously considered distinct are now regarded as a single system, Tropical Storm 8. A number of other storms from 1891 were considered for inclusion in the Atlantic hurricane database, HURDAT, but are currently excluded due to a lack of evidence of tropical storm intensity.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
A tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico northwest of Campeche on 3 July. By the evening of 6 July it was approaching the coastline of Texas and had become a Category 1 hurricane. It made landfall just west of Galveston and quickly weakened to a tropical storm. It dissipated near the Alabama-Tennessee state line two days later after further weakening to a tropical depression. Sections of Galveston were flooded by a storm surge. At Baton Rouge, tornadoes related to the hurricane demolished one hundred homes and caused two floors of the state penitentiary to collapse, killing ten prisoners.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
A tropical storm formed south of the Cape Verde Islands on 17 August and travelled on a northwesterly path before dissipating in the Atlantic Ocean on 29 August without making landfall. For the majority of this period, it is believed to have been at least a Category 1 hurricane based on several factors: readings taken at Bermuda, which it passed on 27 August; the capsizing of a steamer, the Dunsmurry, on 29 August; and observations from another ship, La Touraine, which on 30-31 August encountered the rough seas left in the hurricane's wake.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
The Martinique Hurricane of 1891 or Hurricane San Magín of 1891


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
A Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) was first seen at mid-day on 18 August about 100 mi (160 km) east of Barbados. The hurricane tracked northwestward at 20 mph (32 km/h) and grew to a major Category 3 hurricane. That night, the hurricane passed over Martinique, lashing the island for four hours. The hurricane killed more than 700 people in Martinique.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
After reaching its peak intensity with winds of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 961 mb, the storm began to weaken, becoming a Category 2 storm early on 20 August. That evening, it passed to the south of Puerto Rico where sustained winds were measured at 100-105 mph. As it began to turn northward, it made landfall on the extreme eastern edge of the Dominican Republic with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). Around midnight on 21 August, the cyclone passed north of Grand Turk.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
During the late afternoon and into the evening hours there, frequent rain squalls occurred, and at 10:15 pm a strong gust of wind was reported. After that gust, the winds decreased in intensity, until around midnight when winds picked up from the west. By 8:00 am the next morning, the wind was blowing southerly, and steady rain was falling on the island.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
The hurricane continued to weaken while traveling northeastward through the Bahamas on 22 August. The center of the storm passed directly over Crooked Island, Bahamas. On 23 August, a ridge of high pressure situated off the southeast coast of the United States prevented the storm, which had become a Category 1 hurricane, from curving back to the north. Instead, it passed over the Florida peninsula as a tropical storm, making landfall near Homestead on 24 August. Subsequently, it moved into the Gulf of Mexico, where it dissipated on 25 August.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
On Martinique, the storm destroyed houses, crops and trees across the entire island. Fifty boats in harbours around Martinque were damaged or destroyed. At Ducos, only four homes remained following the storm, and at St. Pierre, at least 34 people lost their lives. At Fort de France, twenty people were killed. A military camp at Balata was destroyed, with a number of soldiers there sustaining injuries from airborne debris. In total, the death toll from this hurricane was put at 700. In South Florida, the cyclone also produced hurricane-force winds that blew boats ashore near present-day Cutler.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
On 2 September a tropical storm formed northeast of the Leeward Islands. It began moving northwestward and reached category 2 hurricane strength by 4 September. By 7 September the cyclone was off the coast of New England and was bringing heavy rain to that area. When the hurricane made landfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland on 8 September, it destroyed a number of small vessels but then quickly weakened and dissipated north of Newfoundland in the Labrador Sea on 10 September.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
A tropical storm formed in the open Atlantic near 19°N 47°W on 16 September before developing into a Category 2 hurricane on 20 September. This hurricane never made landfall but did pass within 100 km of Bermuda on the night of 21 September. A ship was reported wrecked on the coast of the island that night. The hurricane became an extratropical storm on 26 September in the mid-Atlantic off the coast of Nova Scotia.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
A tropical storm formed in the open Atlantic near 21°N 54°W on 29 September. It moved northwestward becoming first a Category 1 hurricane then, on 3 October, a Category 2 hurricane. At this strength it passed to the south then to the west of Bermuda on 4 October. It quickly weakened as it continued heading north and was already an extratropical storm when it made landfall in Nova Scotia on 6 October. It also struck Newfoundland before dissipating in the Labrador Sea on 8 October.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
A moderate tropical storm formed in the Caribbean Sea south of Jamaica on 4 October and passed to the west of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands before striking the Isla de la Juventud and Cuba on 6 October. The next day it passed across southern Florida before travelling northeastward off the east coast of the United States and then dissipating in the open Atlantic on 8 October. The storm drove some vessels on the coast of Cuba ashore, and two people drowned in flooding on the island.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight
A tropical depression formed north of Honduras on 7 October and strengthened into a tropical storm the next day. On 9 October it passed across Cuba and quickly weakened to become an extratropical storm. It made landfall in Florida on 10 October and, five days later, in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland where it dissipated.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
A tropical storm formed north of Grenada on 12 October and made landfall on Saint Croix and the main Virgin Islands on 14 October. The system strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane as it proceeded north. The hurricane's storm centre passed west of Bermuda on 18 October but weakened to a tropical storm just before reaching the southern tip of Newfoundland on 20 October.


1891 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten
On 3 November, a tropical storm formed northeast of present-day Nassau, Bahamas. It travelled north, passing east of Bermuda on 5 November. The storm never made landfall before dissipating in the open Atlantic off of Nova Scotia on 6 November.


1891 Australian shearers' strike
The 1891 shearers' strike is one of Australia's earliest and most important industrial disputes.


1891 Australian shearers' strike
The dispute was primarily between unionised and non-unionised wool workers. It resulted in the formation of large camps of striking workers, and minor instances of sabotage and violence on both sides. The strike was poorly timed, and when the union workers ran out of food, they were forced to come to terms. The outcome is credited as being one of the factors for the formation of the Australian Labor Party and the rise to power of a pro-Labor Party faction in the Australian Socialist League.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Background
In 1891, wool production was one of Australian continent's largest industries, however, working conditions for sheep shearers during the 19th century in Australia were consistently poor. With the growth of the wool industry, more workers became shearers and employees of the sheds and as their number and influence rose, many joined unions to campaign for better conditions.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Background
By 1890, the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia boasted tens of thousands of members, and had unionised thousands of sheds. At their annual conference in Bourke in 1890, the Union laid down a new rule, which prohibited members from working with non-union workers. Soon after, shearers at Jondaryan Station on the Darling Downs went on strike over this issue. As non-union labour was still able to process the wool, the Jondaryan shearers called for help. The Rockhampton wharfies responded and refused to touch the Jondaryan wool. The unionists won the battle. This galvanised the squatters, and they formed the Pastoralists' Federal Council, to counter the strength of the unions. The Australian Socialist League also involved itself directly with the shearers as the strike loomed (which would lead to its involvement in the foundation of the Australian Labor Party).


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
Many union shearers were outraged when Logan Downs Station Manager Charles Fairbain asked the shearers to sign a contract that would reduce the power of their union. On 5 January 1891 the shearers announced a strike until the following demands for a contract were met:


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
The strike started and quickly spread. From February until May, central Queensland was on the brink of civil war. Striking shearers formed armed camps outside of towns. Thousands of armed soldiers protected non-union labour and arrested strike leaders. The unionists retaliated by raiding shearing sheds, harassing non-union labour and committing acts of sabotage, although the incidents of actual violence or arson were few.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
One of the first May Day marches in the world took place during the strike on 1 May 1891 in Barcaldine. The Sydney Morning Herald reported that 1340 men took part of whom 618 were mounted on horse. Banners carried included those of the Australian Labor Federation, the Shearers' and Carriers' Unions, and one inscribed 'Young Australia'. The leaders wore blue sashes and the Eureka Flag was carried. The "Labor Bulletin" reported that cheers were given for "the Union", "the Eight-hour day", "the Strike Committee" and "the boys in gaol". It reported the march:


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
In the procession every civilised country was represented doing duty for the Russian, Swede, French, Dane etc, who are germane to him in other climes, showing that Labor's cause is one the world over, foreshadowing the time when the swords shall be turned into ploughshares and Liberty, Peace and Friendship will knit together the nations of the earth.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
But the shearers were unable to hold out. The summer had been unseasonably wet, and the strike was poorly timed for maximum effect on the shearing season (winter). By May the union camps were full of hungry penniless shearers. The strike had been broken. The squatters had won this time, but it had proved a costly exercise.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
Thirteen union leaders were charged with sedition and conspiracy, taken to Rockhampton for the trial, convicted, and sentenced to three years in gaol on St Helena Island Prison. Three of those imprisoned (William Hamilton, Julian Stuart, and George Taylor) later became Labor members of parliament – Hamilton in Queensland and the other two in Western Australia.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, The strike
The 1891 shearers' strike is credited as being one of the factors for the formation of the Australian Labor Party. On the 9 September 1892 the Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party was read out under the well known Tree of Knowledge at Barcaldine following the Great Shearers' Strike. The State Library of Queensland now holds the manifesto, in 2008 the historic document was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Australian Register  and in 2009, the document was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World International Register.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions
Henry Lawson's well known poem, Freedom on the Wallaby, was written as a comment on the strike and published by William Lane in the Worker in Brisbane, 16 May 1891. And William Lane wrote his novel in 1892, The workingman's paradise, with two aims: to support fundraising efforts for the imprisoned unionists, and to explain unionism and socialism to those who would listen.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions
Banjo Paterson's song Waltzing Matilda, an unofficial Australian anthem, was also written about this era of shearers' industrial disputes in Queensland.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions
Helen Palmer's song 'The Ballad of 1891', set to music by Doreen Jacobs, details the lead up to the strike and aftermath.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions
The 1975 film Sunday Too Far Away, directed by Ken Hannam has been partly inspired by the events surrounding this strike.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Literary references and allusions
Playwright Errol O'Neill wrote On the Whipping Side – a play about the 1891 shearers' strike. This was first performed by the Queensland Theatre Company in 1991 and toured parts of Queensland.


1891 Australian shearers' strike, Legacy
The site of the striking shearers' campsite in Barcaldine is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.


1891 Baltimore Orioles season
In their last season in the American Association, the 1891 Baltimore Orioles finished in fourth place (third among teams that played a full schedule) with a record of 71–64. After the season, the AA folded, and the Orioles joined the National League.


1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Birthday Honours
The 1891 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 29 May 1891 and in The Times on 30 May 1891.


1891 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1891 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor
The Queen appointed the following to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:


1891 Boston Beaneaters season
The 1891 Boston Beaneaters season was the 21st season of the franchise.


1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Boston Beaneaters season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Boston Reds season
The 1891 Boston Reds baseball team finished the season with a 93–42 record and won the American Association championship in their first season in the new league after the demise of the Players' League. Thus they became only the second team (after the 1889–1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms) to win championships in two different leagues in successive seasons, as well as the only team to win the pennant every single season of its existence. After the season, the AA also disbanded, and the Reds team folded with the league.


1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Boston Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1891 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1891 saw the reelection of Nathan Matthews Jr.


1891 Bourke colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bourke on 4 December 1891 because of the resignation of Peter Howe (Protectionist), which was given to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly after he had been convicted of conspiracy to defraud.