1893 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1893 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as an independent during the 1893 college football season. In the school's inaugural season of intercollegiate football, there was no coach, and the team compiled a 0–2–1 record.


1893 Drexel Dragons football team
The 1893 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team did not have a head coach.


1893 Edmonton municipal election
The 1893 municipal election was held January 3, 1893 to elect the town council (consisting of a mayor and six aldermen, each elected for a one-year term) and three trustees for each of the public and separate school divisions.


1893 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
Voter turnout was 128 out of 268 eligible voters, or 47.7%.


1893 English cricket season
1893 was the fourth season of County Championship cricket in England. For the first time, the official championship was won by a team other than Surrey, who finished fifth. Yorkshire, captained by Lord Hawke won twelve matches to take the title. It was the first of a record eight championships (1893, 1896, 1898, 1900–1902, 1905 and 1908) for Hawke as a county captain.


1893 English cricket season
An Australian team toured the British Isles for the first time in three years, but lost the three-match Ashes Test series to England. It was the 15th Test series between the two sides and England won 1–0.


1893 English cricket season, Ashes tour
England won a fifth successive home series against Australia to recover The Ashes after losing them in the 1891–92 series in Australia. W. G. Grace was injured for one of the Tests, but captained England in the other two. The first Test ended in a draw, but England took advantage of a 392-run lead on first innings to beat the visitors by an innings and 43 runs in the second Test, while the third and final Test was another draw.


1893 Epsom Derby
The 1893 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on 31 May 1886. It was the 113th running of the Derby, and it was won by Isinglass. The winner was ridden by Tommy Loates and trained by James Jewitt.


1893 Epsom Derby, Full result
* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. shd = short-head; hd = head; PU = pulled up; UR = unseated rider.


1893 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1893 European Figure Skating Championships were held from January 21 to 22 in Berlin, German Empire. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures.


1893 European Figure Skating Championships
The results of these Championships had been declared invalid by the ISU Congress in 1895.


1893 European Rowing Championships
The 1893 European Rowing Championships were the inaugural European Rowing Championships held on Lake Orta in Italy on 10 and 11 September. The competition was for men only, and the regatta had three boat classes (M1x, M4+, M8+).


1893 European Rowing Championships, Medal summary
The French eight was made up from members of two clubs:1) Union Nautique de Lyon2) Émulation Nautique de Boulogne


1893 FA Cup Final
The 1893 FA Cup Final was a football game contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Everton. Wolves won by a single goal, scored by Harry Allen.


1893 FA Cup Final
This was the only time the final was staged at Fallowfield Stadium. Although the official attendance was 45,000, it is estimated that close to 60,000 spectators were actually in the ground. The overcrowding delayed the kick off and meant the pitch was often encroached upon during the game. Play was impeded so much that Everton, beaten 0–1, unsuccessfully demanded a replay afterwards, arguing the environment was not fit for a competitive match.


1893 FA Cup Final
Everton had come into the match as favourites. Only a week earlier, they had sent their reserves to face Wolves in a league match to allow their first team time to rest before their semi-final replay. The reserves beat Wolves' Cup final team 4–2 at Molineux, boosting Everton's confidence.


1893 FA Cup Final, Match summary
Everton dominated the first half but saw their wingers hindered by the stray feet of the encroaching spectators on the touchline. To counteract this obstruction, both sides began to resort to a long ball game through the centre of the field. This tactic failed to provide any goals in the opening 45 minutes.


1893 FA Cup Final, Match summary
As the second half progressed, Everton began to tire, perhaps feeling the effects of 4 games in 10 days. On the hour mark, Wolves captain Harry Allen launched a hopeful lob from distance, which was misjudged by Williams and allowed to bounce into the net. Everton complained that the crowd had impeded their attempts to clear the ball, thus presenting Allen with the opportunity in the first place.


1893 FA Cup Final, Match summary
At the final whistle, the crowd invaded the pitch to mob the victorious Wolves players who had claimed their club's first ever FA Cup triumph.


1893 French legislative election
The 1893 general election was held on 20 August and 3 September 1893.


1893 French legislative election
The Republicans were victorious and gained an increased majority, and President Sadi Carnot invited Jean Casimir-Perier to form a government. However, there was increasing tension between the Radicals and the Moderates in the ruling coalition, which had manifested itself in the passage of a protectionist tariff law with right-wing support in January 1892.


1893 French legislative election
After the election, following the bombing of the Chamber of Deputies by the anarchist Auguste Vaillant on 9 December 1893, Casimir-Perier rushed through the lois scélérates with the support of the Right.


1893 French legislative election
Casimir-Perier was elected to the presidency on 24 June 1894, following the assassination of President Carnot by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. In January 1895, however, he resigned, and was replaced by Félix Faure, again with the support of the Right.


1893 French legislative election
Casimir-Perier's government was followed by a series of moderate governments with right-wing support under Charles Dupuy, Alexandre Ribot and Jules Méline – with the short-lived exception of the government of Radical Léon Bourgeois (November 1895 – April 1896).


1893 Furman Purple Hurricane football team
The 1893 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman Purple Hurricane of Furman University during the 1893 college football season.


1893 Geneva Covenanters football team
The 1893 Geneva Covenanters football team was an American football team that represented Geneva College as an independent during the 1893 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach William McCracken, Geneva compiled a record of 2–2–1.


1893 Georgetown football team
The 1893 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented the Georgetown University during the 1893 college football season. Georgetown finished the season with a 4–4 record. Dick Harley served as player-coach. They played home games at Boundary Park.


1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1893 college football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 2–2–1 record. 1893 saw the Bulldogs play their first games against Georgia Tech, losing 28–6, Vanderbilt, losing 10–35, and Furman, winning 22–8. The rivalries with Georgia Tech and Vanderbilt continue to the present day, while the last game played against Furman was played in 1950. Today, the game with Georgia Tech is today known as "Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate."


1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team
One of the notable players on the team for the 1893 season was Blanton Winship, a law student at Georgia. Winship played tackle that year only, but went on to become a military lawyer, a veteran of both the Spanish–American War and World War I, the Judge Advocate General of the United States Army and the Governor of Puerto Rico.


1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Sources
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1893 Georgia Tech football team
The 1893 Georgia Tech football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1893 college football season. It was the team's second ever season, featuring its first ever victory.


1893 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 15 June 1893. Despite the Social Democratic Party (SPD) receiving a plurality of votes, the Centre Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 96 of the 397 seats, whilst the SPD won just 44. Voter turnout was 72.4%.


1893 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
The 1893 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University during the 1893 college football season. In their second season they played one game, a 16–0 win over Spokane High School. They were under second year head coach Henry Luhn.


1893 Grand National
The 1893 Grand National was the 55th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 24 March 1893.


1893 Grand National
Owner Charles Duff went on to field two more winners in 1912 and 1913, when he had becomeSir Charles Assheton-Smith.


1893 Greensburg Athletic Association season
The 1893 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their fourth season in existence. The team's record for this season is largely unknown.


1893 Guilford Quakers football team
The 1893 Guilford Quakers football team represented Guilford College during the 1893 college football season.


1893 Hampden–Sydney Tigers football team
The 1893 Hampden–Sydney football team represented Hampden–Sydney College during the 1893 college football season. The 1893 team played just one game, falling by a score of 12–6 at home to Randolph–Macon Yellow Jackets football in the first ever playing of the rivalry between the two schools.


1893 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1893 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1893 college football season. The Crimson finished with an 11–1 record. The team won its first 10 games but lost to Yale in the 11th game of the season by a 6–0 score.


1893 Hillsdale Dales football team
The 1893 Hillsdale Dales football team was an American football team that represented Hillsdale College in the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 4–1 with its only loss being against Notre Dame at South Bend, Indiana.


1893 Home Nations Championship
The 1893 Home Nations Championship was the eleventh series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 17 January and 11 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In winning all three matches, Wales won the Championship for the first time and also took the Triple Crown.


1893 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system
The matches for this season were decided on points scored. A try was worth two points, while converting a kicked goal from the try gave an additional three points. A dropped goal and a goal from mark were both worth four points. Penalty goals were worth three points.


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
Wales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Conway Rees (Llanelli), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Harry Day (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
England: Edwin Field (Cambridge U. ), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath) capt., RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), Frederic Alderson (Hartlepool Rovers), Howard Marshall (Blackheath), FR de Winton (Blackheath), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), JH Greenwell (Rockcliff), Sammy Woods (Wellington), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Philip Maud (Blackheath), FC Lohden (Blackheath), William Bromet (Tadcaster)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England
Ireland S Gardiner (Belfast Albion), T Edwards (Limerick), S Lee (NIFC) capt., W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), T Thornhill (Wanderers), Robert Johnston (Wanderers), TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EJ Walsh (Lansdowne), H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), MS Egan (Garryowen), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. England
England: Edwin Field (Cambridge U. ), RE Lockwood (Heckmondwike), JW Dyson (Huddersfield), T Nicholson (Rockcliff), EW Taylor (Rockcliff), H Duckett (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), JH Greenwell (Rockcliff), Sammy Woods (Wellington) capt., J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), Alfred Allport (Blackheath), Philip Maud (Blackheath), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Scotland: AWC Cameron (Watsonians), DD Robertson (Cambridge U. ), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), James Gowans (Cambridge U. ), RC Greig (Glasgow Acads), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HF Menzies (West of Scotland), Thomas Hendry (Clydesdale), GT Neilson (West of Scotland), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), JN Millar (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), A Dalglish (Gala), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish) capt.


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Wales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Bert Gould (Newport), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), Harry Day (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Ireland S Gardiner (Belfast Albion), LH Gwynne (Dublin U. ), S Lee (NIFC) capt., W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), B O'Brien (Derry), TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EG Forrest (Wanderers), H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), H Forrest (Wanderers), JS Jameson (Lansdowne), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), JH O'Conor (Bective Rangers)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Scotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), Willie Neilson (Cambridge U. ), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), WP Donaldson (Oxford U,), HF Menzies (West of Scotland), Thomas Hendry (Clydesdale), JM Bishop (Glasgow Acads), JD Boswell (West of Scotland) capt., D Fisher (West of Scotland), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), JE Orr (West of Scotland), JR Ford (Gala)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland
England: William Grant Mitchell (Richmond), JW Dyson (Huddersfield), Andrew Stoddart (Blackheath) capt., FP Jones (New Brighton), Cyril Wells (Cambridge U. ), H Duckett (Bradford), Frank Evershed (Blackheath), F Soane (Bath), JJ Robinson (Cambridge U. ), J Toothill (Bradford), H Bradshaw (Bramley), T Broadley (Bingley), Launcelot Percival (Rugby), William Yiend (Hartlepool Rovers), William Bromet (Tadcaster)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Scotland
Scotland: Henry Stevenson (Edinburgh Acads), GT Campbell (London Scottish), Gregor MacGregor  (London Scottish), Willie Neilson (Cambridge U. ), JW Simpson (Royal HSFP), William Wotherspoon (West of Scotland), HTO Leggatt (Watsonians), Thomas Hendry (Clydesdale), RS Davidson (Royal HSFP), JD Boswell (West of Scotland) capt., TM Scott (Melrose), WR Gibson (Royal HSFP), WB Cownie (Watsonians), JE Orr (West of Scotland), Robert MacMillan (London Scottish)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland
Wales: Billy Bancroft (Swansea), Norman Biggs (Cardiff), William McCutcheon (Swansea), Arthur Gould (Newport) capt., Bert Gould (Newport), Percy Phillips (Newport), Fred Parfitt (Newport), Frank Mills (Swansea), Charles Nicholl (Llanelli), David Samuel (Newport), Jim Hannan (Newport), Frank Hill (Cardiff), Arthur Boucher (Newport), Tom Graham (Newport), Wallace Watts (Newport)


1893 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. Ireland
Ireland W Sparrow (Dublin U. ), RW Dunlop (NIFC), S Lee (NIFC) capt., W Gardiner (NIFC), FE Davies (Lansdowne), WS Brown (Dublin U. ), B O'Brien (Derry), TJ Johnston (Queens Uni. Belfast), EG Forrest (Wanderers), H Lindsay (Dublin U. ), Arthur Wallis (Wanderers), RW Hamilton (Wanderers), R Stevenson (Dungannon), CV Rooke (Dublin U. ), Andrew Clinch (Dublin U.)


1893 Honduran presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Honduras on 14 September 1893. Domingo Vásquez was the only candidate, and was elected unopposed.


1893 Honduran presidential election, Background
On 9 February 1893 President Ponciano Leiva, who had been elected in 1891, announced he was stepping down and handed power to Minister of War Rosendo Agüero. Agüero susbequently delegated his power to Domingo Vásquez. Leiva formally resigned on 15 July, although he remained president until 7 August.


1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships
The 1893 Track Cycling World Championships were the inaugural world championships for track cycling. Before then there had been events described as world championships but without ratification by a world cycling authority. The creation of the International Cycling Association in 1892 made internationally recognised championships possible.


1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships
They took place in Chicago, United States. There were three events: sprint, stayers' race (motor-paced) and a 10 km, now classified as a scratch race. The rules allowed for a team race but it was not held. Races were held only for amateurs. Winners received a gold medal and all other participants a silver.


1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships
The USA took two of the three gold medals. The table below shows the position had gold, silver and bronze medals been awarded.


1893 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1893 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1893 college football season. In their second season under head coach Edward K. Hall, the Illini compiled a 3–2–3 record. End George H. Atherton was the team captain.


1893 Inangahua by-election
The Inangahua by-election of 1893 was a by-election held on 8 June 1893 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast seat of Inangahua.


1893 Inangahua by-election
The by-election was held because of the bankruptcy of the previous member of parliament Richard Reeves who had won the seat by just one vote.


1893 Inangahua by-election
This election saw Robert Stout, a twice former premier, who had been out of parliament since 1887 return under the newly organised New Zealand Liberal Party. Patrick O'Regan would also stand for the New Zealand Liberal Party in later years and won the seat of Inangahua at the 1893 New Zealand general election. This was the last by-election (or general election) in New Zealand held before the introduction of universal suffrage.


1893 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1893 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 1893 college football season. Indiana played sixt games and compiled a 1–4–1 record, winning a game against the Danville Athletic Club (18–0), tying with Kentucky (24–24), and losing games to Purdue (0–64), Butler (0–38), Wabash (12–24), and DePauw (0–34).


1893 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1893 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 29 November 1893 as part of that years local elections.


1893 Invercargill mayoral election
Incumbent mayor Duncan McFarlane was defeated, coming third behind Andrew Raeside and former unofficial mayor Aaron Blacke.


1893 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team
The 1893 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team represented Iowa Agricultural College (later renamed Iowa State University) as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The 1893 Cyclones compiled a 0–3 record, losing twice to Grinnell (6-36 and 2-6) and once to Cornell (6-14). They were outscored by a combined total of 56 to 4. W. P. Finney was the head coach, and  Ed Mellinger was the team captain.


1893 Iowa Agricultural Cardinals football team
Between 1892 and 1913, the football team played on a field that later became the site of the university's Parks Library.


1893 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1893 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1893 college football season. The season featured a new head coach in Ben "Sport" Donnelly. Like Dalton, Donnelly was only hired before the season to prepare and assemble the team. Donnelly was disliked compared to his predecessor but it did not stop Iowa from getting their first victory in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) with a win over Missouri.


1893 Iowa Senate election
In the 1893 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-fifth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 24 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1893 Iowa Senate election
A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1893 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly


1893 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Democrats had control of the Iowa Senate with 25 seats to Republicans' 24 seats and one seat held by the People's Party.


1893 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 2 Senate seats.


1893 Iowa Senate election
Republicans claimed control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1893 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 34 seats, Democrats having 16 seats, and the People's Party losing its lone seat (a net gain of 10 seats for Republicans).


1893 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1893 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1893. Republican nominee Frank D. Jackson defeated Democratic incumbent Horace Boies with 49.74% of the vote.


1893 Kalamazoo football team
The 1893 Kalamazoo football team was an American football team that represented Kalamazoo College in the 1893 college football season.


1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1893 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach A. W. Shepard, the Jayhawks compiled a 2–5 record (2–1 against conference opponents), tied for the conference championship, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 108 to 85. The Jayhawks played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. A. R. Champlin was the team captain.


1893 Kentucky Derby
The 1893 Kentucky Derby was the 19th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 10, 1893.


1893 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team
The 1893 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team represented Kentucky State College—now known as the University of Kentucky—during the 1893 college football season.


1893 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1893 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1893 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Confederation won the championship after a 1-04 to 0-00 defeat of Callan in the final.


1893 LSU football team
The 1893 LSU football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1893 college football season. This was the first year that LSU sponsored a football team. The Tigers were coached by university professor Dr Charles E. Coates against in-state school Tulane of New Orleans. The game sparked a rivalry between the Tigers and the Green Wave that has lasted generations. Future Louisiana governor Ruffin G. Pleasant was the quarterback and captain of the LSU team. In the first game against Tulane, LSU football players wore purple and gold ribbons on their uniforms.


1893 LSU football team
According to legend, purple and gold were chosen because they were Mardi Gras colors, and the green of Mardi Gras was sold out. An LSU baseball team had also worn purple and gold in its first varsity game against Tulane earlier in 1893, even though LSU's official colors at the time were actually blue and white.


1893 LSU football team
The rules of play in 1893 were more like rugby than what might be considered modern football. The rules called for eleven players on a side with a scrimmage line dividing the teams. The team on offense was required to begin a play by kicking the ball either forward or backward to the quarterback. The quarterback couldn't run with the ball, but he could hand it off. In order to keep possession, the offensive team had to either gain five yards in three downs or not lose ten yards. Forward passing was not allowed.


1893 LSU football team
Touchdowns counted for 4 points, with 2 points for a goal after a touchdown, 4 points for a field goal, and 2 points for a safety. Players wore an assortment of "football armor" such as "shin guards, rubber noses, head bands, ankle protectors, elbow and hip pads, ear guards, and mouth pieces. The game consisted of two 45-minute halves.


1893 Lafayette football team
The 1893 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1893 college football season. In its first year under head coaches Pearl T. Haskell and H. H. Vincent, the team compiled a 3–6 record. Ernest Edwards was the team captain. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1893 Lehigh football team
The 1893 Lehigh football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1893 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Harmon S. Graves, the team compiled a 7–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 174 to 84.


1893 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia in 1893. In the presidential election, incumbent Joseph James Cheeseman of the True Whig Party was re-elected for a second term, defeating Anthony D. Williams, Jr., who ran on the New Republican Party ticket.


1893 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1893 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1893 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
On 29 October 1893, Bruree won the championship after a 9-01 to 0-01 defeat of St. Michael's in the final. It was their first championship title.


1893 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1893. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.


1893 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 15, South Toxteth, 20 February 1894
Caused by the resignation of Councillor James De Bels Adam (Conservative, South Toxteth, elected 1 November 1891),  which was reported to the Council on 7 February 1894.


1893 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6 Castle Street, 19 June 1894
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Henry Hugh Hornby (Liberal Unionist, Castle Street, elected 1 November 1892), which was reported to the Council on 6 June 1894.


1893 Liverpool West Derby by-election
The 1893 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 10 January 1893 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP William Henry Cross. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Walter Hume Long.


1893 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1893 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the second edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 28 May 1893. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Léon Houa.


1893 Louisville Colonels season
The 1893 Louisville Colonels baseball team finished with a 50–75 record, good for eleventh place in the National League.


1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Louisville Colonels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Macleay colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Macleay on 29 May 1893 because of the resignation of Otho Dangar (Protectionist) due to insolvency.


1893 Maryland Aggies football team
The 1893 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1893 college football season. After losing all three of its games the previous season without scoring a point, Maryland showed considerable improvement in 1893. The Aggies defeated all six opponents and were named the District of Columbia and Maryland state champions.


1893 Maryville Scots football team
The 1893 Maryville Scots football team represented the Maryville College during the 1893 college football season. They had a 0–1 record with Japanese head coach Kin Takahashi.


1893 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1893 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1893 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1–9.


1893 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1893 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1893. Incumbent Democratic Governor William Russell did not run for a fourth term in office. Republican U.S. Representative Frederic Greenhalge was elected to succeed him, defeating Democratic former U.S. Representative John E. Russell.


1893 Massachusetts legislature
The 114th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1893 during the governorship of William E. Russell. Alfred S. Pinkerton served as president of the Senate and William Emerson Barrett served as speaker of the House.


1893 Mercer Baptists football team
The 1893 Mercer Baptists football team represented Mercer University in the 1893 college football season. They finished with a record of 0–1 as they lost their only game 6–10.


1893 Miami Redskins football team
The 1893 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1893 college football season. There was no paid head coach for the season. They went undefeated in 3 games.


1893 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team
The 1893 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team represented Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1893 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Ernest P. Goodrich, the Normalites compiled a record of 4–2, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 116 to 100. J. M. Swift was the team captain.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1893 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football that represented the University of Michigan as a member of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest during the 1893 college football season. In its second season under head coach Frank Barbour, the team compiled a 7–3 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 278 to 102.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team
The Wolverines lost three games in the middle of the season to Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, then closed the season with five consecutive victories, including victories over Purdue (46–8), Northwestern (72–6), and Kansas (22–0), and a Thanksgiving Day victory (28–10) in a rematch with Chicago.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Detroit Athletic Club
On October 7, 1893, Michigan defeated the Deltas of Detroit Athletic Club by a 6–0 score before a crowd of between 300 and 400 spectators at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Left halfback Raynor Freund scored Michigan's touchdown (four points) after 16 minutes into the game, and fullback George Dygert kicked the goal from touchdown (two points). Neither team scored in the second half.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: Detroit Athletic Club
Michigan's lineup in the game was Gustave Ferbert (left end), Edwin A. Murbach (left tackle), Willard W. Griffin (left guard), Charles T. Griffin (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), William I. Aldrich (right tackle), Ralph W. Hayes and Walter A. Parker (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Freund (left halfback), Avery (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Detroit Athletic Club
On October 14, 1893, Michigan again defeated Deltas, this time by a more dominant 26–0 score. The game began at 4:25 p.m. and was played in the rain, on a muddy field, and before a small crowd of approximately 150 persons at the Detroit Athletic Club grounds in Detroit. Michigan scored four touchdowns in the first half, and George Dygert kicked one goal from touchdown to give Michigan an 18-0 lead at halftime. Herman Leonard and Willard W. Griffin each scored two touchdowns in the half, including a 20-yard run by Leonard.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: at Detroit Athletic Club
Leonard and Griffin each scored another touchdown in the second half. Michigan's lineup in the game was Gustave Ferbert (left end), Henry M. Senter (left tackle), Frederick W. Henninger (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), W.W. Griffin (right guard), William I. Aldrich (right tackle), Mason (maybe Marsten) (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Leonard (left halfback), Raynor Freund (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Chicago
On October 21, 1893, Michigan lost to Chicago by a 10–6 score on the grounds at 57th Street and Ellis Avenue in Chicago. Michigan's touchdown was scored by George Dygert, and W. W. Griffin kicked the goal from touchdown.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: at Chicago
Michigan's lineup against Chicago was Gustave Ferbert (left end), Henry M. Senter (left tackle), W. W. Griffin (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Frank Villa (right tackle), Hayes (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Grosh and Paul (left halfback), Raynor Freund (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Minnesota
On October 28, 1893, Michigan lost to Minnesota, 30–24. The game began at 3:00 p.m. and was played in front of 1,000 spectators at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan's left halfback Raynor Freund scored two touchdowns, one on a 60-yard run around left end, and Hooper and Aldrich each scored one. Bartlett, a former Princeton player, started at right halfback for Michigan, but was injured and carried from the field. Dygert kicked at least one of the goals after touchdown for Michigan. Right halfback Southworth starred for Minnesota, scoring at least three touchdowns. The U. of M. Daily praised Minnesota for its excellent interference and "exceedingly strong" line.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Minnesota
When news of the victory reached the Minnesota campus, students there celebrated around a huge bonfire on the campus, executed "joyous gyrations", and toured the city, including a stop at the home of President Northrop.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Minnesota
Michigan's lineup against Minnesota was Ferbert (left end), Aldrich (left tackle), W. Griffin (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Hooper (right tackle), Roger Sherman (right end), James Baird (quarterback) (quarterback), Raynor Freund (left halfback), Bartell (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Wisconsin
On November 4, 1893, Michigan lost to Wisconsin by a 34–18 score at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan's captain George Dygert was unable to play due to injury. Baird served as captain for the game. W.W. Griffin scored three touchdown and kicked a goal from touchdown. Gustave Ferbert scored a touchdown. Wisconsin scored six touchdowns and kicked five goals from touchdown.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 5: Wisconsin
Michigan's lineup against Wisconsin was George Greenleaf (left end), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), James H. Hooper (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Frank Villa (right tackle), Roger Sherman (right end), James Baird (quarterback and captain), Gustave Ferbert (left halfback), Raynor Freund (right halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue
On November 11, 1893, Michigan defeated Purdue by a 46–8 score. The game began at 2:35 p.m. and was played before a crowd of 2,000 persons at Stuart Field in Lafayette, Indiana. A large number of Michigan alumni attended the game wearing blue and yellow. W. W. Griffin scored four touchdowns. Additional Michigan touchdowns were scored by Horace Dyer, Frank Villa, Frederick W. Henninger, and Gustave Ferbert. Buschman and Olin scored touchdowns for Purdue


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 6: at Purdue
Michigan's lineup against Purdue was Ferbert (left end), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), James H. Hooper (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Henninger (right guard), Villa (right tackle), Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Dyer (left halfback), Raynor Freund and Henry M. Senter (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at DePauw
On Monday, November 13, 1893, Michigan defeated DePauw by a 34–0 score at Greencastle, Indiana. Michigan's captain George Dygert did not play due to tonsilitis. The game was 40 minutes in length. Head coach Frank Barbour, playing at right halfback, and Gustave Ferbert, playing at left halfback, each scored two touchdowns for Michigan. James H. Hooper, Frank Villa, and Willard W. Griffin each scored one touchdown. Barbour also kicked two goals from touchdown, and Griffin kicked one.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at DePauw
Michigan's lineup against DePauw was Henry M. Senter (left end), Hooper (left tackle), Griffin (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Villa (right tackle), William I. Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Barbour (right halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 7: at DePauw
The victory over DePauw concluded a successful trip to Indiana. The team returned to Ann Arbor at noon on Tuesday, November 14, and were welcomed by an enthusiastic crowd of admirers at the train depot.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Northwestern
On November 18, 1893, Michigan defeated Northwestern, 72–6, at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The game was played in 30-minute halves. Michigan scored 12 touchdowns (48 points). Fullback George Dygert scored 42 points in the game on five touchdowns (20 points) and 11 kicks for goal from touchdown (22 points). Michigan also added two points on a safety. Gustave Ferbert and Frank Villa each scored two touchdowns, and additional Michigan touchdowns were scored by Willard W. Griffin, James H. Hooper, and James L. Morrison.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Northwestern
George Jewett scored Northwestern's only touchdown. Jewett had previously played for Michigan and was the first African-American to play football for both Michigan and Northwestern.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 8: Northwestern
Michigan's lineup against Northwestern was Henry M. Senter (left end),  Griffin (left tackle), Hooper (left guard), C. H. Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Villa (right tackle), William I. Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Ferbert (left halfback), Horace Dyer (right halfback), and Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: vs. Kansas
On November 25, 1893, Michigan defeated Kansas, 22–0. The game was played before 3,000 spectators, including 500 students who traveled from Kansas, at the Fairmount Oval in Kansas City, Missouri. Left tackle W. W. Griffin scored Michigan's first touchdown and kicked two goals from touchdown. Right halfback John W. Hollister scored three touchdowns.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: vs. Kansas
After the game, the Michigan team was entertained in a private box at the Ninth Street Theatre and later at the Kansas City Club.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: vs. Kansas
Michigan's lineup against Kansas was Henry M. Senter (left end), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), Hooper (left guard), Smith (center), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), Frank Villa (right tackle), Aldrich (right end), James Baird (quarterback), Horace Dyer (left halfback), Hollister (right halfback), and George Dygert (fullback).


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago
On Thanksgiving Day, November 30, 1893, Michigan defeated Chicago by a 28–10 score before a crowd of 3,500 persons at Marshall Field in Chicago. Michigan captain George Dygert remained injured and unable to play; quarterback James Baird served as captain in his place. The game began at 11:23 a.m. with the two coaches, Frank Barbour and Amos Alonzo Stagg, serving as referee and umpire in the first half and reversing roles for the second half. Michigan scored first when Frank Villa was pushed by his teammates across the goal line "by sheer beef and brawn".


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago
W. W. Griffin kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 6–0. Michigan's second touchdown was scored by Griffin, who was also pushed across the goal line by his teammates. Griffin again kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 12–0. Villa then scored another touchdown, and Griffin again kicked the goal. Michigan led, 18–0, at halftime.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago
In the second half, John W. Hollister made a 40-yard run around right end for Michigan's fourth touchdown. Griffin again kicked goal. After Michigan took a 24–0 lead, Chicago scored two touchdowns and cut the lead to 24–10. Roger Sherman then recovered a Chicago fumble and returned it for Michigan's fifth touchdown. Griffin failed to kick the goal, and Michigan led, 28–10.


1893 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 10: at Chicago
Michigan's lineup against Chicago was George Greenleaf (right end), Frank Villa (right tackle), Frederick W. Henninger (right guard), C. H. Smith (center), James Hooper (left guard), W. W. Griffin (left tackle), Henry M. Senter (left end), Baird (quarterback), Hollister (right halfback), Gustave Ferbert (left halfback), and Horace Dyer (fullback).


1893 Mid Tipperary by-election
The Mid Tipperary by-election, 1893 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Mid Tipperary on 24 February 1893. The vacancy arose because of the death of the sitting member, John McCarthy of the Irish National Federation. Only one candidate was nominated, James Francis Hogan of the Irish National Federation, who was elected unopposed.


1893 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1893 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1893 college football season. It was the only season under head coach Wallace Winter and it featured the second season of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest. Minnesota plowed undefeated through its schedule to set up an end-of-season matchup with Wisconsin for the league title. The game was a rout and the teams agreed to stop the game early after Minnesota took a 40–0 lead. Due to financial difficulties, the league disbanded after the 1893 season.


1893 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Wisconsin
On November 11, 1893, Minnesota finished its season with a 40 to 0 victory over Wisconsin in Minneapolis. Left halfback Pillsbury scored four touchdowns, and right halfback Adams scored three.


1893 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1893 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as a member of the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1893 college football season. In its first season under head coach Harry Orman Robinson, the team compiled a 4–3 record (2–1 against WIUFA championship) and tied with Kansas for the conference championship.


1893 Murrumbidgee colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Murrumbidgee on 30 March 1893 because of the resignation of the Premier Sir George Dibbs (Protectionist) due to insolvency. Sir George had twice been made bankrupt 10 and 15 years previously. He attributed his bankruptcy to depreciation in the value of his freehold and mining property.


1893 Natal parliamentary election
Early elections to the Legislative Council were held in the Colony of Natal between 14 and 20 September 1893. They followed the proclamation of new constitution on 4 July, granting the colony responsible government. Following the election, John Robinson was appointed the colony's first Premier. The new parliament in Pietermaritzburg was opened on 19 October.


1893 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1893 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1893 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach John A. Hartwell, the Midshipmen compiled a 5–3 record, shut out two opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 122 to 78.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team
The 1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1893 college football season. The team was coached by first-year head coach Frank Crawford, and played their home games at Lincoln Park, in Lincoln, Nebraska.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team
Prior to the 1893 season, NU hired an official head coach for the first time in program history. Frank Crawford, also the first head coach of Michigan's football program, was compensated with a $500 stipend plus tuition to the university. Nebraska also began charging a 25-cent admission fee to attend games played at Lincoln Park.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Doane
After no game between the two schools in 1892, Nebraska and Doane met in 1893 at Lincoln Park. Nebraska dominated the game, shutting out Doane, including a goal-line stand from the two-yard line that was followed by a lengthy NU touchdown drive. Doane, down by 28 late in the second half, ultimately forfeited the rest of the game.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Doane
Nebraska's first mascot, a white bull terrier painted red on one side, made its first appearance at this game.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Baker
According to the custom of the time, each team selected one of the two members of the officiating crew, and Baker's selection was a member of their own team. Baker's official reportedly made a number of calls or non-calls that prompted anger from the Bugeaters, who quickly fell behind 6–0. Ten unanswered points gave Nebraska a 10–6 lead until a late Baker touchdown tied the game, and the game ended 10–10. This was the only game ever played between Baker and Nebraska.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Denver Athletic Club
Nebraska's rematch with the Denver Athletic Club was a highly physical game, with reports of slugging, kicking, and at least one player temporarily knocked unconscious. Animosity ran high, reportedly nearing a riot by halftime. There were still ten minutes left to play in the second half of a tied game when the Denver AC squad was called for a slugging foul, turning the ball over to the Bugeaters. The Denver AC team walked off the field and, after an extended debate, refused to finish the game. This resulted in a forfeit, and the official score was recorded as a 1–0 Nebraska win.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri
Before Nebraska's first conference game of the season, the team was delayed arriving in Kansas City until very early on the morning of the game. Missouri took advantage of the weary Bugeaters, outsscoring NU 18–6 in the second half to win the game 30–18.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri
University of Missouri records list the final score as an 18–12 Missouri victory.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Kansas
Nebraska's attempts to even the series with Kansas were quickly dashed. The Jayhawks scored all 18 of the game's points, including a bizarre play in which a Kansas punt was fumbled by Nebraska and recovered by Kansas, whose players subsequently fumbled and recovered the ball twice before running it in for a touchdown.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa
Iowa met Nebraska to close out league play in blizzard conditions. The game was punctuated by the appearance of Bugeater head coach Frank Crawford in the lineup, playing off the right half and kicking field goals (this practice was not uncommon at the time). Nebraska held on for a 20–18 win, resulting in a third-place WIUFA finish between Nebraska and Iowa.


1893 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa
University of Iowa records suggest this game was played on November 23, 1893.


1893 New Hampshire football team
The 1893 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1893 college football season—the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. This was the first year that the college fielded a football team, which lost the only game it played.


1893 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
Scoring during this era awarded 4 points for a touchdown, 2 points for a conversion kick (extra point), and 5 points for a field goal. Teams played in the one-platoon system and the forward pass was not yet legal. Games were played in two halves rather than four quarters.


1893 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
NHC roster: Whittemore (C), Forrestal (RG), Sprague (RT), Brown (RE), Wiggin (LG), Russell (LT), Shattuck (LE), Roberts (QB), Howe (HB), Janvrin (HB), Demeritte (FB)


1893 New Hampshire football team, Schedule
Newmarket roster: Barrett (C), Simpson (RG), G. Evans (RT), P. Griffin (RE), Walker (LG), Kennedy (LT), Maguire (LE), Haley (QB), W. Evans (HB), M. Griffin (HB), Mellows (FB)


1893 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1893 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 2 January 1893.


1893 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1893 New York Giants season
The 1893 New York Giants season was the franchise's 11th season. The team finished in fifth place in the National League with a 68-64 record, 19.5 games behind the Boston Beaneaters.


1893 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 New York hurricane
The 1893 New York hurricane, also known as the Midnight Storm,  was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that struck the New York City area in August 1893. First identified as a tropical storm on August 15, over the central Atlantic Ocean, the hurricane moved northwestward for most of its course, ultimately peaking with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure reading of 952 mbar (hPa; 28.11 inHg). It turned due northward as it approached the U.S. East Coast and struck western Long Island on August 24. It moved inland and quickly deteriorated, degenerating the next day.


1893 New York hurricane
The storm inflicted severe damage with storm tides as high as 30 ft (9 m). Trees were brought down, houses were demolished, and Hog Island was largely washed away by the cyclone. Several areas suffered extensive effects from the hurricane, and at least 34 sailors lost their lives. The storm is regarded as one of the most severe hurricanes to strike the city.


1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history
The system was first classified as a tropical storm while situated in the central Atlantic Ocean on August 15, 1893. It steadily intensified as it tracked generally toward the west and attained hurricane force. Gradually curving northwestward, the storm continued to gain power and, on August 18, it achieved wind speeds corresponding to Category 2 intensity on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. This scale was devised in 1971 to categorize tropical cyclones based on their maximum sustained winds.


1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history
The storm is estimated to have maintained winds of approximately 100 mph (160 km/h) for several days as it passed well to the north of the Lesser Antilles. As the hurricane turned more northerly still, approaching the United States, it strengthened to major hurricane intensity, Category 3, on August 22. At this point, it peaked in intensity with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). The lowest known barometric pressure in relation to the storm was 952 mbar (hPa; 28.11 inHg).


1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history
Less than a day later, the storm deteriorated to Category 2 strength. Cape Hatteras, North Carolina experienced the hurricane on the morning of August 23 while its center passed less than 100 mi (160 km) offshore. Heading nearly due northward, the cyclone skimmed the New Jersey coastline, passing just east of Atlantic City, and weakened further to Category 1 status. On August 23 the storm was one of four hurricanes occurring simultaneously within the Atlantic Ocean. On August 24 the storm moved ashore on western Long Island, in the New York City area.


1893 New York hurricane, Meteorological history
At 1200 UTC that day, while centered just inland, its maximum winds were estimated to have been 85 mph (135 km/h). It progressed northward through New England, quickly weakening. It was briefly downgraded to a tropical storm before becoming extratropical. It dissipated fully on August 25, near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River.


1893 New York hurricane, Impact
Winds from the storm exceeded 50 mph (80 km/h) at Atlantic City and New York, initially blowing from the northeast before shifting southwesterly. The hurricane wrought severe destruction, described by The New York Times on August 25 as "a mighty war of winds and a great tumbling of chimneys" and 3.82 inches (97 mm) of rain falling from 8:00 PM Wednesday to 8:00 AM Thursday. A 30 ft (9 m) storm surge struck the shore, demolishing structures as large as an elevated railway. The storm has been cited as an example of a noteworthy New York City tropical cyclone. The cyclone is known for largely destroying Hog Island, a developed resort island along the southern Long Island coast, which had been as long as about 1 mi (1.6 km) in the 1870s.


1893 New York hurricane, Impact
The worst of the damage was reportedly confined to a 50 mi (80 km) area surrounding New York City. In a 12-hour period, 3.82 in (97 mm) of precipitation fell, breaking the daily rainfall record. Hundreds of thousands of dollars in losses accompanied the severe impact. Low-lying areas of the city, particularly those near the coast, were flooded. Roofs and chimneys were ripped off buildings and windows were broken in many homes and businesses. In Central Park, "More than a hundred noble trees were torn up by the roots, and branches were twisted off everywhere."


1893 New York hurricane, Impact
The park was devastated and thousands of dead birds fell to the ground after being washed out of, or drowned in, their nests. Groups of children gathered the birds and picked them up, with the apparent intention of selling them to restaurants. The storm took the lives of 34 sailors as vessels were blown ashore and men swept overboard. The tugboat Panther, towing two coal barges, was wrecked; 17 crew members perished and three lived.


1893 New York hurricane, Impact
High winds brought down telegraph wires and left the city almost entirely cut off from communication with outside locations. At Coney Island, the storm completely destroyed many buildings, walkways, piers, and beach resorts. Brighton Beach was hit particularly hard. The raging seas swept inland, washing out tracks of the Marine Railway. Bathing houses were moved a great distance by the cyclone. Near the Sheepshead Bay, Emmons Avenue was heavily damaged. Further to the east, at Greenport, numerous yachts were wrecked and scattered. Corn crops on land were ruined and fruit trees lost their fruits.


1893 New York hurricane, Impact
At Brooklyn, still an independent city from New York, houses were dismantled and uprooted trees blocked streets. Damage was widespread throughout the area and flood waters reached waist-high levels. The storm was the most severe in years at Jersey City, New Jersey, despite the fact that its damage was moderate. Trees were blown down and cellars filled with water there and in nearby areas, such as Hoboken.


1893 New York state election
The 1893 New York state election was held on November 7, 1893, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate, and delegates to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894.


1893 New York state election, History
The People's state convention met on August 18 and 19 at Sylvan Beach, New York. I. E. Dean was Permanent Chairman. James Wright was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: Wright 31, John Taft 28). De Myre S. Fero, of Glens Falls, was nominated for Comptroller on the first ballot (vote: Fero 47, E. P. Nevins 5). Frank H. Purdy, of Bluff Point, was nominated for Treasurer by acclamation. Thaddeus B. Wakeman, of New York City, was nominated for Attorney General; Lawrence J. McParlin for the Court of Appeals; and John A. Webster, of New York City, for State Engineer.


1893 New York state election, History
The Prohibition state convention met on August 30 at Elmira, New York. Joseph A. Bogardus was Chairman. They nominated Joseph A. Bogardus, of New York City, for Secretary of State; George Chester, of Buffalo, for Comptroller; William R. Hunt of Honeoye Falls, for Treasurer; Edwin C. English, of Corning, for Attorney General; Silas W. Mason for the Court of Appeals; and Chester Belding of Middletown, for State Engineer.


1893 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on October 5 and 6 at Saratoga, New York. Daniel N. Lockwood presided. Cord Meyer, Jr., for Secretary of State Comptroller Frank Campbell, Attorney General Simon W. Rosendale, Hugh Duffy for Treasurer, and State Engineer Martin Schenck, were nominated by acclamation. The incumbent Isaac H. Maynard was nominated for the Court of Appeals after Robert Weidenmann, of Rockland County, spoke out loud against this nomination, and asked for a roll call. Weidenmann however was the only one who voted against Maynard's nomination.


1893 New York state election, History
The ticket had been published already before the convention met, showing a strong party machine.


1893 New York state election, History
The electorate however had still in mind the electoral fraud of the Dutchess County senatorial election in 1891 which went through the courts and involved the Democratic state officers; Judge Maynards subtraction of the letter containing the corrected statement, sent by the Dutchess County Clerk to Albany, which action showed him as "cheap political trickster" and made him a "disgrace to the bench"; and Treasurer Danforth's and Ex-Treasurer Fitzgerald's connection with the bankrupt Madison Square Bank in which Danforth had deposited State funds and which had given Danforth a "loan" of about seven years Treasurer's salary but closed its doors in August 1893.


1893 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on October 6 at Syracuse, New York. Mr. Cullinen was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Judge Frank Brundage, of Onondaga County, as Permanent Chairman. Edward T. Bartlett was nominated for the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Bartlett 531½, William Rumsey 98, John Sabine Smith 80). John Palmer for Secretary of State, and James A. Roberts for Comptroller, were nominated by acclamation. Addison B. Colvin was nominated for Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Colvin 392, Thomas H. O'Neill 175, Richmond 107). Theodore E. Hancock was nominated for Attorney General during the second ballot (first ballot: John Woodward 332, Hancock 246½, Gilbert E. D. Hasbrouck 124). Campbell W. Adams was nominated for State engineer by acclamation amid great noise and after two thirds of the delegates had left. ;


1893 New York state election, Results
Dragged down by Judge Maynard, the Democratic ticket was defeated, ending a ten-year supremacy which began with the election of Grover Cleveland in 1884. The Republican ticket was elected, beginning a Republican era of thirteen years in New York state politics.


1893 New York state election, Results
Obs. : "Defective, blank and scattering" votes: 10,860 (Judge); 3,642 (Attorney); 3,481 (Treasurer); 3,305 (Secretary); 3,087 (Engineer); 2,990 (Comptroller)


1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election
The New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election 1893 was held to decide the second leader of the New Zealand Liberal Party. The position went to Westland MP and incumbent deputy leader Richard Seddon.


1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Background
John Ballance underwent bowel surgery in 1893, but was clearly dying. He was visited by all of his cabinet members in the days before his death with the exception of Joseph Ward. Ballance eventually died on 27 April 1893 by which time the jostling for position had already started.


1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, Richard Seddon
Seddon had been a Member of Parliament since 1879 and had been serving as Ballance's deputy since his appointment as Leader of the Opposition in 1889. Most saw him as Ballance's natural heir. Compared with many Liberal MPs, he was extremely popular with the masses; a desirable trait with an election looming.


1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Candidates, Robert Stout
Ballance's preferred successor was said to have been Robert Stout his former colleague in the Grey and Stout-Vogel ministries. He asked Stout to return to parliament and be his successor. Stout agreed. As Stout was not an MP at the time of Ballance's death, he was never able to contest the leadership officially. Two cabinet members (John McKenzie and William Pember Reeves) favoured a postponement of the appointment of a new leader until Stout could be present. Stout re-entered parliament after a winning a by-election in Inangahua on 8 June 1893.


1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Result
Seddon claimed the leadership (and therefore premiership) initially on an interim basis, as Ballance's deputy there was little opposition to this by cabinet. At a cabinet meeting on 28 April 1893 Seddon was confirmed as acting Premier. However, no formal leadership vote was held thereafter.


1893 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election, Aftermath
Seddon would remain the leader of the Liberal Party until his own death in 1906. Stout continued to agitate against him. Seddon proved to be a popular figure with the masses and continued to lead the Liberals for a further 13 years until his death.


1893 New Zealand general election
The New Zealand general election of 1893 was held on 28 November and 20 December in the European and Māori electorates, respectively, to elect 74 MPs to the 12th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The election was won by the Liberal Party, and Richard Seddon became Prime Minister.


1893 New Zealand general election
1893 was the year universal suffrage was granted to women over 21 (including Māori), plural registration was abolished, plural voting for Māori property-owners was abolished, and only those whose descent was exactly half Māori were allowed to choose whether to vote in European or Māori electorates. Women's suffrage was the most consequential change.


1893 New Zealand general election, 1892 electoral redistribution
The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1890 for the 1890 election. The 1891 New Zealand census was the first to automatically trigger an electoral redistribution, which was undertaken in 1892. The population drift to the North Island resulted in the transfer of one electorate from the south to the north. Only three electorates remained with unaltered boundaries: Thames, Wairarapa, and Timaru. 14 new electorates were established, and of those, eight electorates were established for the first time: Bay of Plenty, Otaki, Pareora, Patea, Riccarton, Waiapu, Waimea-Sounds, and Wellington Suburbs. The remaining six electorates had existed before, and they were re-established for the 12th Parliament: Caversham, Chalmers, Lyttelton, Rangitata, Waihemo, and Waipa.


1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage
By far the most notable change for the 1893 election was that the Electoral Act, 1893, extended the franchise to all women (including Māori) aged 21 and over. Women's suffrage was granted after about two decades of campaigning by women such as Kate Sheppard and Mary Ann Müller and organisations such as the New Zealand branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union led by Anne Ward. Of countries presently independent, New Zealand was the first to give women the vote in modern times.


1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage
John Hall, a Conservative politician and former premier, received most of the credit for pushing the legislation through Parliament; he is the only male who has his name inscribed on the Kate Sheppard National Memorial. There were only 10 weeks between the passage of the legislation and the election, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) set about to enrol as many women as possible.


1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage
The bill had passed under the Liberal government which generally advocated social and political reform, but only due to a combination of personality issues and political accident. Seddon opposed it (unlike many other Liberals) because many women supported prohibition. He had expected to stop the bill in the upper house, but found that one more vote was needed. Thomas Kelly, a new Liberal Party councillor had left himself paired in favour of the measure, but Seddon obtained his consent by wire to change his vote.


1893 New Zealand general election, Women's suffrage
Seddon's manipulation so incensed two opposition councillors, William Reynolds and Edward Stevens that they changed sides and voted for the bill, which was passed by 20 votes to 18 so giving the vote to women. Both the Liberals and the Conservatives subsequently claimed credit for sponsoring the enfranchisement of women and both sought to acquire women's votes, although the Liberals benefitted more.


1893 New Zealand general election, The election
The 1893 election was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 12th Parliament.


1893 New Zealand general election, The election
A total number of 302,997 (75.3%) voters turned out to vote. 65% of all eligible New Zealand women voted in the 1893 election. In 3 seats there was only one candidate. 31 and 39 electorates were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 Māori electorates.


1893 New Zealand general election, Results, Party totals
The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the 1905 election.


1893 New Zealand general election, Results, Electorate results
The following is a table of electorate results by electorate. Key


1893 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia
The 1893 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the second tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia. Ten matches were played against regional and district sides, but no Test matches were played. It was the first tour arranged by New Zealand Rugby Football Union, which had been founded the previous year. The only previous New Zealand national team was the side that toured New South Wales in 1884. Immediately before departing for Sydney, the tourists played a match against a "Combined XV" in Wellington, which New Zealand won 7–4.


1893 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia, Match summary
Complete list of matches played by New Zealand in Australia:


1893 Newfoundland general election
The 1893 Newfoundland general election was held on 6 November 1893 to elect members of the 17th General Assembly of Newfoundland in Newfoundland Colony. Although the Liberals won the majority of seats, the Tory party filed petitions against 15 elected Liberals and one Independent, James Murray, alleging election irregularities. The results of those elections were set aside by the courts and the candidates were barred from seeking reelection. The Tory Party, led by Augustus F. Goodridge, temporarily holding the balance of power, formed a government in 1894.


1893 Newfoundland general election
Once the resulting by-elections had been held, the Liberals regained the balance of power and formed a government led by Daniel J. Greene. Greene's government passed legislation allowing candidates who had been disqualified to seek election again. William Whiteway was subsequently reelected in a by-election in early 1895 and became Premier.


1893 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team
The 1893 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1893 college football season.


1893 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1893 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1893 college football season. They played seven games with a final record of 3–4. The team captain for the 1893 season was A. S. Bernard.


1893 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1893 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1893 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach Paul Noyes, the Purple compiled a 2–5–3 record.


1893 Notre Dame football team
The 1893 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1893 college football season. The team had no coach, compiled a 4–1 record, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 92 to 24.


1893 Oberlin Yeomen football team
The 1893 Oberlin Yeomen football team represented Oberlin College during the 1893 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Everett B. Camp, the team compiled a record of 6–1, including victories over Ohio State, Chicago, and Illinois. The 1892 and 1893 teams combined for a 13-game winning streak that was broken on November 18, 1893, in a loss to the Case School of Applied Science.


1893 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1893 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1893 college football season. They played all their home games at Recreation Park and were coached by Jack Ryder. The Buckeyes finished the season with a 4–5 record.


1893 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1893 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1893. Incumbent Republican William McKinley defeated Democratic nominee Lawrence T. Neal with 51.86% of the vote.


1893 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1893 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1893 college football season.


1893 Open Championship
The 1893 Open Championship was the 33rd Open Championship, held 31 August–1 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. William Auchterlonie won the Championship, two strokes ahead of the amateur Johnny Laidlay.


1893 Open Championship
The entries includes 46 professionals and 26 amateurs. The weather on the first day was very wet, rain falling heavily all day. In his first Open Championship, J.H. Taylor made an immediate impact, leading after the first round with a score of 75. Auchterlonie was next after a 78. In the afternoon Taylor has a disappointing 89. At the end of the day Auchterlonie led on 159, three ahead of John Ball, James Kay, Hugh Kirkaldy, and Robert Simpson, all on 162. Sandy Herd and Laidlay were a further stroke behind.


1893 Open Championship
Auchterlonie started his third round badly, taking six on the 1st hole and four at the short 2nd. However, he recovered well and took only 19 strokes for the final five holes to finish on 81 and a total 240. This was enough for him to retain the lead, but now by only one stroke from Herd, with Kay and Simpson only a shot further back and Laidlay three behind. Taylor disappointed again with an 86 to be 10 shots behind.


1893 Open Championship
In the final round, Auchterlonie again took six at the 1st hole but finished with an 82 and a total of 322 to set a difficult target for his challengers. Laidlay seemed to have ruined his chances with a seven at the 3rd but he played well for the rest of round and finished just two behind Auchterlonie on 324. Herd started badly taking 15 on the first three holes. He reached the 17th needing seven on the last two holes to match Auchterlonie. His second shot to the 17th found a bunker and he eventually finished three strokes behind the winner. Auchterlonie won the gold Championship Medal valued at £10 and the £30 first prize. He was just 21 years old and remains the second youngest Open Championship winner after Tom Morris Jr..


1893 Open Championship
In tieing for 6th place James Kay, long-term professional at Seaton Carew Golf Club, reached his second highest position in the 22 Open Championships in which he played. He also tied for 5th in 1892.


1893 Orange Athletic Club football team
The 1893 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1893 college football season. The AFU in 1893 consisted of three amateur football teams – the Orange Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club from Manhattan, and the Crescent Athletic Club from Brooklyn. The Orange team played its home games at the Orange Oval in East Orange, New Jersey, compiled a 7–2 record (2–0 against AFU opponents), and won the AFU championship.


1893 Penn Quakers football team
The 1893 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1893 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 12–3 record in their second year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, George Washington Woodruff. Significant games included victories over Navy (34–0), Penn State (18–6), Lafayette (82–0), and Cornell (50–0), and losses to national champion Princeton (4–0), Yale (14–6), and Harvard (26–4). The 1893 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 484 to 62. No Penn players were honored on the 1893 College Football All-America Team, as all such honors went to players on the Princeton, Harvard and Yale teams.


1893 Penn State football team
The 1893 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1893 college football season. The team was coached by George Hoskins. It was first team to play on Beaver Field, Penn State football's first permanent home.


1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season
The 1893 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season  was their third season in existence. The team finished with a record of 7–2.


1893 Pittsburgh College football team
The 1893 Pittsburgh College football team was an American football team that represented Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost—now known as Duquesne University—during the 1893 college football season. The team finished the season with a record of 0–2. Father McDermott was the team's coach.


1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 12th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; their 7th in the National League. The Pirates finished second in the National League with a record of 81–48.


1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1893 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1893 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian Province of Prince Edward Island on 13 December 1893. This was the first general election of Prince Edward Island won by the Liberal Party.


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1893 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1893 college football season. The team finished with an 11–0 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and National Championship Foundation. They outscored their opponents 270 to 14.


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
As the Princeton and Yale teams prepared to meet in late November 1893, an unprecedented amount of media and public attention fell upon the big game, which was being billed as the championship game of the season. Both teams entered the game with undefeated with records of 10–0. Yale had outscored its opponents 336–6 and was riding a 37-game winning streak dating back to a loss to Harvard in 1890. Princeton had outscored its opponents by a cumulative total of 264–14, and was seeking to avenge its 12–0 loss to Yale the previous year.


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
A crowd of 40,000, the largest ever to see a football game up to that time, showed up at the Polo Grounds in New York to see the two teams take the field. Three-time consensus All-American Philip King led Princeton into the game. He would later head the Princeton Football Association and help coach. King had just developed the double wingback formation with the ends deployed on the wings of the line.


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
From the double wingback formation, Princeton precisely executed a complete set of plays and completely befuddled the Yale eleven, captained by College Football Hall of Famer Frank Hinkey. The New York Sun noted that "Princeton in 1893 had the finest offensive machine it had developed up to this time – a team with continuity of attack, the ability to pile first down upon first down." Princeton was able to cross the goal once and held Yale scoreless, thus winning 6-0 and claiming the national championship.


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
However, the game did not pass without engendering some controversy. The New York Herald declared in a scathing commentary: "Thanksgiving Day is no longer a solemn festival to God for mercies given. It is a holiday granted by the State and the Nation to see a game of football. The kicker now is king and the people bow down to him. The gory nosed tackler, hero of a hundred scrimmages and half as many wrecked wedges, is the idol of the hour.


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
With swollen face and bleeding head, daubed from crown to sole with the mud of Manhattan Field, he stands triumphant amid the cheers of thousands. What matters that the purpose of the day is perverted, that church is foregone, that family reunion is neglected, that dinner is delayed if not forgot. Has not Princeton played a mighty game with Yale and has not Princeton won? This is the modern Thanksgiving Day."


1893 Princeton Tigers football team
The Yale-Princeton Thanksgiving Day game of 1893 earned $13,000 for each school from gate receipts, as the big games became the primary source of revenue for the college's athletic programs. Despite the loss, Yale was retroactively named champion by Parke H. Davis, and the NCAA Division I Football Records Book lists both Princeton and Yale as national champions.


1893 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1893 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1893 college football season. The team compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 334 to 144 in its first season under head coach D. M. Balliet. W. P. Finney was the team captain.


1893 Quchan earthquake
The 1893 Quchan earthquake occurred at about 19:30 local time (15:06 UTC) on 17 November. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused severe damage in Quchan County, particularly to the town of Quchan itself and there were an estimated 18,000 casualties.


1893 Quchan earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Kopet Dag mountain range lies at the northern edge of the complex zone of deformation caused by the continuing collision of the Arabian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. To the west it links with the Caucasus Mountains through the Caspian Sea. There is currently about 3 mm per year of shortening across the Kopet Dag as a whole. The Quchan Fault zone, trending NNW-SSE, is one of a set of active right lateral strike-slip faults that accommodate part of the shortening across the Kopet Dag and extension along its length.


1893 Quchan earthquake, Tectonic setting
It has an estimated displacement rate of about 1.5 mm per year. The damage areas of the sequence of earthquakes that affected the Quchan area between 1851 and 1895 follow the projected path of the Quchan fault and its likely continuation as a thrust fault in the Atrak valley, where it forms a surface anticline.


1893 Quchan earthquake, Earthquake
The shock was felt over a wide area, including all Turkmenistan and as far away as Tehran. It was preceded by a strong foreshock on 20 October. There were damaging aftershocks on both 18 and 19 November, with the latter being the most severe.


1893 Quchan earthquake, Damage
The city of Quchan was almost completely destroyed, with only a few houses strengthened with wooden braces following the 1871 earthquake surviving.


1893 Quchan earthquake, Aftermath
The winter that followed the earthquake was unusually severe, causing many further deaths. Just over a year later, on January 17, 1895, Quchan was again devastated by an earthquake, although the death toll was lower, as very few houses of adobe construction had survived the 1893 event and new houses were generally of wooden construction.


1893 Queensland colonial election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 18 April 1893 and 25 May 1893 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1893 Queensland colonial election, Key dates
Due to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.


1893 Queensland colonial election, Key dates
Queensland colonial election, 29 April 1893Legislative Assembly << 1888–1896 >>


1893 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1893 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1893. Incumbent Republican Daniel Russell Brown defeated Democratic nominee David S. Baker with 46.34% of the vote.


1893 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1893 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as an independent during the 1893 college football season. Dana Rucker returned for his second year as head coach, having helmed the team in 1891. Richmond compiled a record of 3–2.


1893 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1893 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1893 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 0–4 record and were outscored by their opponents 88 to 8. The team had no coach, and its captains were Chalmers P. Van Dyke, Gabe Ludlow, and George Ludlow.


1893 SAFA season
The 1893 South Australian Football Association season was the 17th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1893 SAFA season
Medindie Football Club (nickname Dingoes) which joined the SAFA in 1888 on 14 March 1893, at a meeting held at Temperance Hall, North Adelaide renamed to North Adelaide Football Club.


1893 SAFA season
The Adelaide Football Club, the first Australian rules football club in South Australia, dropped out of the SAFA and folded at the end of 1893. It has no relation to the modern day Adelaide Crows.


1893 SAFA season
The league would stabilise from this point forward, with no clubs leaving until the Woodville and West Torrens merger in 1991; as the SANFL considers Woodville-West Torrens a continuation of both Woodville and West Torrens, the original Adelaide is the last SANFL team to fold as of 2021.


1893 San Diego mayoral election
The 1893 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 4, 1893 to elect the mayor for San Diego. William H. Carlson was elected Mayor with a plurality of the votes.


1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
The 1893 election featured a field of five candidates. The Democrats, Republicans, and the People's Party each fielded one candidate. In addition to the regular parties, two independents also ran.


1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Many of the candidates had long roots in the City of San Diego prior to the election. Adolph Gassen had previously held other elected office within the City. John Kastle of the People's Party had previously served as president of the Chamber of Commerce. A.E. Cochran had been active in Democratic Party.


1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Independent candidate William H. Carlson campaigned vigorously, making numerous extravagant campaign promises, including electric car lines on every street, luxury hotels, steamship lines to every port on earth, transcontinental railroads, and jobs with high wages for all.


1893 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
On April 4, 1893, Carlson was elected mayor with a plurality of 46.8 percent of the vote, nearly twice as many votes as his closest competitor.


1893 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1893 San Jose State Spartans football team represented State Teachers College at San Jose during the 1893 college football season. In their second year of play, the Spartans lost in their contest against San Jose YMCA.


1893 San Roque hurricane
Hurricane San Roque was a destructive tropical cyclone in August 1893 that principally affected Puerto Rico, eastern New England, and Atlantic Canada. Its informal name in Puerto Rico arises from the feast day of Saint Roch, or San Roque in Spanish, which coincided with the hurricane's landfall on that island. It was the third known hurricane of the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season. The system was first observed on August 13 at low latitudes east of the Lesser Antilles.


1893 San Roque hurricane
It grew to be a powerful, slow-moving hurricane in the Caribbean Sea, and on August 17 struck Puerto Rico at the equivalence of Category 3 on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale. The eye crossed the island from southeast to northwest in about seven hours. A prolonged period of strong winds caused widespread destruction on the island, most notably along the northern coast. Large numbers of homes sustained varying degrees of damage, with flimsy shacks belonging to poor workers faring the worst; many families were left homeless, and four people were killed. Telegraph communications were severed across the island. In addition to the intense winds, several days of heavy rainfall in interior sectors triggered extensive river flooding. The combined effects of rain and wind destroyed fields of crops, most notably coffee and sugar cane.


1893 San Roque hurricane
On August 19, the hurricane began to turn northeastward, accelerate, and gradually weaken. Although its center remained far from the United States, heavy rainfall and gale-force winds overspread the country's East Coast on August 20 and 21. Eastern New England experienced conditions akin to a particularly bad nor'easter, with winds as high as 72 mph (116 km/h) recorded on Block Island. Across Rhode Island and Massachusetts, grain crops were flattened and orchards were stripped of their fruits.


1893 San Roque hurricane
The racing yacht Volunteer was badly damaged, and a fishing schooner sank off Nantucket; only one of the seven crew members managed to survive, by clinging to debris for 33 hours. Later that day, the now-rapidly moving cyclone made landfall in Nova Scotia. Damage to utility wires in Halifax cut power and communications services, and a child was killed by a downed power line. The storm wrought havoc on ships and boats throughout Atlantic Canada, becoming "one of the most notorious marine storms in the history of Nova Scotia".


1893 San Roque hurricane
The greatest maritime tragedy was the wreck of the steamship Dorcas and its barge, Etta Stewart, which struck a rocky shoal while underway east of Halifax. Dorcas capsized and was driven ashore, while the barge broke up in the pounding surf. All crew members and passengers on the two vessels, totaling 24 people, were killed. Two more people died when their boat sank on Trinity Bay in Newfoundland, for a storm total of 37 fatalities.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history
Because of scarce meteorological observations, little is known about Hurricane San Roque's early history. According to contemporaneous accounts, it most likely originated in the Intertropical Convergence Zone off the northern coast of South America. In the Atlantic hurricane database, its formation as a tropical storm is entered on August 13, corresponding with the first observation of the system, about 730 mi (1,170 km) east of Trinidad and Tobago. It crossed the Lesser Antilles island arc on August 15, passing between Dominica and Guadeloupe.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history
The intensifying cyclone moved toward the northwest and by 18:00 UTC on August 16, it was centered very close to St. Croix. Upon receiving the first report of the storm from Saint Thomas, the U.S. Weather Bureau issued a special bulletin relaying the current position of the hurricane, forecasting its recurvature by August 21, and advising shipping interests to take necessary precautions. At 00:00 UTC on August 17, the cyclone made landfall near Patillas, Puerto Rico, as the equivalent of a Category 3 major hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history
Modern reanalysis efforts estimated the intensity at landfall through the severity of wind damage in Puerto Rico, which was consistent with F2 on the Fujita scale. The eye was marked by a period of stark calm as it crossed the island such that during its passage, some people believed the storm to be over. At San Juan, to the north of the center path, barometric pressure fell to 987.8 mbar (29.17 inHg). Approximately seven hours after moving ashore, the center exited Puerto Rico between Isabela and Quebradillas.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history
On August 18, weather stations along the Atlantic coast of the Southeastern U.S. started to register the hurricane's distant influence. It passed over or close to the Turks and Caicos Islands. While situated northeast of the Bahamas on August 19, the hurricane began its recurvature to the north and ultimately northeast. Late on August 20 and into the following day, gales and heavy rainfall overspread the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast coasts. The hurricane weakened as it gained latitude and early on August 21, it passed approximately 185 mi (300 km) east of Cape Hatteras.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history
Later that day, the accelerating storm passed within 150 mi (240 km) of Nantucket. At 00:00 UTC on August 22, it was one of four active hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean, and the first of three to impact the U.S. East Coast in the span of eight days; Hurricane Four would strike western Long Island on August 24, and Hurricane Six ravaged the Sea Islands on August 28 before moving northward along the Eastern Seaboard.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Meteorological history
Though some modern researchers catalogued the system as a hurricane on its final approach to Nova Scotia, the official Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project found no conclusive evidence of hurricane-force winds in Canada. In the early morning hours of August 22, the storm made landfall in Nova Scotia via St. Margarets Bay, as an extratropical cyclone. Its northeasterly path placed greater Halifax in the typically intense right-front quadrant of the storm center; this would not be repeated until Hurricane Juan in 2003. After rapidly crossing Nova Scotia, the extratropical system impacted the island of Newfoundland. Its remnants continued eastward into the North Atlantic for several more days; its documented course ends on August 25.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact
The intensifying hurricane brought stormy conditions to the Lesser Antilles from Martinique to the Virgin Islands. In Saint Thomas, boats and docks were damaged, trees were blown down, and houses were unroofed.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico
For the first time in Puerto Rico's history, warning flags were used to alert the public of the approaching hurricane. Officials in San Juan first hoisted cautionary red flags during the mid-morning on August 16, upgraded three hours later to more urgent yellow and blue signals, and finally to black flags to mark the cyclone's onslaught. By mid-afternoon the Port of San Juan was closed; although orders were given to evacuate ships from the port, the short notice and lack of available tugboats meant some vessels had to ride out the storm at anchor, exposed to the elements.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico
Ships at dock were required to be unloaded of their cargo. When the severity of the hurricane became clear, local officials ensured moorings were secure and orchestrated the positioning of ships to minimize risk of collisions. Bus and tram services were suspended as conditions worsened, leaving many residents unable to reach their homes for the night.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico
On the night of August 16–17, winds of 55 mph (89 km/h) and 50 mph (80 km/h) were recorded in San Juan and Mayagüez, respectively, before both recording anemometers were blown away. It was the long duration of the storm, rather than its intensity alone, which made it so destructive. The northern coast suffered most as the storm wrought havoc on crops, telegraph infrastructure, and buildings of varying construction quality. Poorly built shacks and huts, the residences of impoverished workers, fared the worst.


1893 San Roque hurricane, Impact, Puerto Rico
In Camuy, the storm destroyed up to 20 houses, uprooted trees, and sparked two small fires; in the aftermath, the mayor appointed a special commission to facilitate the transfer of relief funds to storm victims. Many of the homeless families received donations from neighbors to help cover basic expenses. The winds unroofed many small huts near the shore of Arecibo, forcing their residents to flee for cover, and knocked down wooden and brick fences. The local telegraph station was rendered inoperative, slowing the initial spread of damage reports.