1874 New York state election
The 1874 New York state election was held on November 3, 1874, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and one member of the New York State Senate.


1874 New York state election, History
The Prohibition state convention met on June 23 at Auburn, New York. James L. Bagg was temporary chairman until the choice of Charles C. Leigh as president. Myron H. Clark was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Clark 81, Horace V. Howland 27, Charles C. Leigh 9). James L. Bagg for lieutenant governor, Horace V. Howland for Judge of the Court of Appeals, Daniel Walford for Canal Commissioner, and Ira Bell for Prison Inspector, were nominated by acclamation.


1874 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on September 16 and 17 at Syracuse, New York. Samuel J. Tilden was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Tilden 252, Amasa J. Parker 126, Lucius Robinson 6, J. McQuade 3, George G. Bradley 1). William Dorsheimer was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Dorsheimer 193, Smith M. Weed 135, Stephen T. Hayt 34, Edward F. Jones 15, George W. Schuyler 11). Adin Thayer was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Thayer 196, Isaiah Fuller 148, Nathaniel P. Milliman 5). George Wagener was nominated for Prison Inspector during the first ballot when he had 118 votes and George W. Millspaugh 35. Theodore Miller was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Miller 196, Robert Earl 115).


1874 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 23 at the Opera House in Utica, New York. Theodore M. Pomeroy was temporary chairman until the choice of Ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan as president. The incumbents Governor John A. Dix, Lieutenant Governor John C. Robinson, Judge Alexander S. Johnson, Canal Commissioner Alexander Barkley and Prison Inspector Thomas Kirkpatrick were re-nominated by acclamation.


1874 New York state election, History
The Liberal Republican state convention met on September 29 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. Charles Hughes was president. The convention did not nominate a ticket.


1874 New York state election, Result
The whole Democratic ticket was elected, defeating all the incumbents.


1874 New York state election, Result
The seat in the New York State Senate was won by Democrat Albert P. Laning.


1874 New York state election, Result
75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the New York State Assembly.


1874 New Zealand census
The 1874 New Zealand census was a population count taken in 1874. The population of New Zealand was 299,385, not including Māori. The Maori population was estimated to be around 46,000, of whom 43,538 lived in the North Island. This included part-Māori people living as Māori. Census papers were delivered to households during February 1874, to be completed for the night of 1 March 1874. The census asked questions about people's age, sex, marital status, religion, place of birth, health and education. Additional questions were asked about land use and ownership and about farm animals and equipment.


1874 New Zealand census
The census of Māori people was conducted differently to the general census. Instead of delivering papers to each household and later collecting them, officers enquired about the population from reliable local Māori. The reasoning was that Māori had always been used to transmitting their history and pedigrees orally, so more accurate results would be obtained than by means of printed forms.


1874 New Zealand census
The number of Chinese living in New Zealand was shown to have almost doubled from the previous census in 1871, from 2640 to 4796. Only one Chinese woman was said to live in the country.


1874 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election
The Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 January 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Joseph Cowen. It was won by his son, the Liberal candidate Joseph Cowen.


1874 Newfoundland general election
The 1874 Newfoundland general election was held in 1874 to elect members of the 12th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Colony of Newfoundland. The Conservative Party led by Frederick Carter formed the government.


1874 North Devonshire by-election
The North Devonshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 18 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Stafford Northcote, becoming Chancellor of the Exchequer. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 North Hampshire by-election
The North Hampshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Sclater-Booth, becoming President of the Local Government Board. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 North Lancashire by-election
The North Lancashire by-election of 1874 was fought on 26 March 1874. The by-election in the North Lancashire constituency was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Wilson-Patten. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Henry Clifton.


1874 North Lincolnshire by-election
The North Lincolnshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Rowland Winn, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 North Northamptonshire by-election
The North Northamptonshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 18 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, George Ward Hunt, becoming First Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 North Northumberland by-election
The North Northumberland by-election of 1874 was fought on 17 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Earl Percy, becoming Treasurer of the Household. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 North Staffordshire by-election
The North Staffordshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 23 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Adderley, becoming President of the Board of Trade. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 Northampton by-election
The Northampton by-election of 1874 was fought on 6 October 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Charles Gilpin. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles George Merewether.


1874 Northwich F.C.
1874 Northwich Football Club is a football club based in Northwich, Cheshire, England. Established in 2012 by supporters of Northwich Victoria, they are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West. Home matches are played at Barnton's Townfield ground.


1874 Northwich F.C.
The club is fully owned by its supporters, and is run by a democratically elected board.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
The club was established on 15 November 2012 at a meeting at Lostock Social Club in Lostock Gralam, near Northwich, when members of the Northwich Victoria Supporters' Trust were given the opportunity to decide on creating a new football club due to growing disenfranchisement with how Northwich Victoria has been run over many years. The vote ended with a 141–4 vote in favour of a new club. It had emerged on the day of the vote that the owner of Northwich Victoria had been declared bankrupt (later annulled) and therefore failed the FA Fit and Proper Persons test.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
On 29 November 2012 fans attended an open meeting in Northwich, where they chose the name 1874 Northwich for the club. In order to avoid legal issues over the new club's name, none of the proposed options included the words Vics or Victoria. The date 1874 was chosen because it was the year in which the original club named Northwich Victoria was founded, or at least, when they played their first formal match.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
The original club became defunct and disbanded in 1890, when a new club, which elected to use the name Northwich Victoria was founded from an amalgamation of the original club bearing the same name and Hartford and Davenham United. Alongside the naming of the club, fans were also given the chance to vote on a motto; the phrase 'Ever Glorious', which was used by the Cheshire Regiment was chosen due to their links with the town of Northwich. One of the other options included the Latin translation, 'Semper Gloriosa'. Ever Glorious has also become established as the name of the club's match-day programme.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
On 3 January 2013 it was confirmed that the club had been officially registered with the Cheshire County Football Association and had applied to join the North West Counties League in time for the 2013–14 season, and were accepted into Division One of the league on 23 May. The appointment of the club's first manager, former Winsford United and Ashton Athletic boss Ian Street was announced on 25 April 2013, with his assistant Lee Duckworth being announced three days later. The club played their first match on 10 July 2013 against local team Lostock Gralam, winning 3–1. Their first honours came three days later in the Supporters Direct Shield, when they defeated AFC Rushden & Diamonds 3–0 in Widnes at the Halton Stadium.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
Their first league game was played on 3 August 2013 against Oldham Boro, where 490 fans attended the game which finished 1–1. In their first season, the club finished third in Division One, initially missing out on promotion to the Premier Division on goal difference. However, following the resignation of Formby in May, Northwich were promoted in their place. In their second season, the club finished third in the Premier Division and  entered the FA Cup for the first time. They finished fourth in the Premier Division in 2015–16, and also won the Mid-Cheshire Senior Cup, beating Witton Albion in the final.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
Ian Street resigned as first-team manager on 12 March 2017, with assistant Paul Bowyer and first-team coach Wayne Goodison becoming caretaker joint managers before being appointed on a permanent basis. The club went on to win the Mid-Cheshire Senior Cup with a 1–0 win over Northwich Victoria in the final. In 2017–18 they reached the semi-finals of the FA Vase, losing 4–2 on aggregate to Thatcham Town. The following season saw the club win the North West Counties Football League Cup, beating league champions City of Liverpool 1–0 in the final at Moss Lane.


1874 Northwich F.C., History
In July 2021 the club won the much-delayed 2019–20 League Cup, defeating Runcorn Town 6–3 in the final. After the 2020–21 season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the club were promoted to Division One West of the Northern Premier League having had the highest points-per-game (PPG) average in the North West Counties League Premier Division over the previous two curtailed seasons.


1874 Northwich F.C., Ground
The club play at the Townfield ground in Barnton, groundsharing with Barnton F.C. They previously played at Winsford United's Barton Stadium from their establishment until the end of the 2018–19 season.


1874 Northwich F.C., Managerial records
Based on win % in all matches excluding friendlies, correct as of 7 August 2019


1874 Nova Scotia general election
The 1874 Nova Scotia general election was held on 17 December 1874 to elect members of the 26th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.


1874 Open Championship
The 1874 Open Championship was the 14th Open Championship, held 10 April at Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Mungo Park won the Championship, by two strokes from runner-up Tom Morris, Jr. This was the first Open Championship played at Musselburgh.


1874 Open Championship
Play started at about 12 noon in dull and showery weather but later in the day the weather improved. The course, especially the greens, "were rather heavy".


1874 Open Championship
Many of the spectators followed Tom Morris, Jr. and Willie Park, Sr. who were paired together. Morris started badly and came to grief in several bunkers. Park scored 40 in the first round to Morris's 42. However, as the day progressed, Morris improved while Park fell away. The best player in the first two rounds was Mungo Park with scores of 37 and 38. At this stage he led by 4 from G. McCachnie, 5 from George Paxton with Tom Morris, Jr. and Willie Park a full 8 shots behind.


1874 Open Championship
Mungo Park had a third round 43 with G. McCachnie, George Paxton, Jamie Anderson and Tom Morris, Jr. each four behind at that stage. Bob Martin was a further shot behind after a third round 38. Mungo Park scored 41 in his final round and although Morris again played a useful round he still finished two behind. McCachnie fell away with a closing 47. "During the last round the utmost excitement prevailed, and as each couple came in a knot of spectators gathered round them to ascertain what luck had attended them."


1874 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 1874 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 1, 1874 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican J. C. Tolman against Democratic incumbent La Fayette Grover and independent Thomas Franklin Campbell.


1874 Oxford University by-election
The Oxford University by-election of 1874 was fought on 14 March 1874. The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Gathorne Hardy, becoming Secretary of State for War. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 Oxford by-election
The Oxford by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Edward Cardwell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Alexander William Hall.


1874 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1874 Philadelphia Athletics finished in third place in the National Association with a record of 33-22. Dick McBride pitched all of the team's innings and led the league with a 1.64 earned run average.


1874 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1874 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1874 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1874 Philadelphia White Stockings season
The Philadelphia White Stockings played in 1874 as a  member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished fourth in the league with a record of 29-29.


1874 Philadelphia White Stockings season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1874 Philadelphia mayoral election
The Philadelphia mayoral election of 1874 saw the reelection of William S. Stokley. He defeated Alexander McClure, an independent candidate who was supported by the Democratic party.


1874 Poole by-election
The Poole by-election of 1874 was held on 26 May 1874. It was caused by the election being declared void on petition, after "corrupt conduct and treating". It was retained by Liberal MP, Evelyn Ashley.


1874 Portsmouth by-election
The Portsmouth by-election of 1874 was fought on 16 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, James Dalrymple-Horn-Elphinstone, becoming Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 12 July 1874.


1874 Preston by-election
The Preston by-election of 1874 was fought on 24 April 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, John Holker, becoming Solicitor General for England and Wales. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1874 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1874 college football season. The team beat Columbia and Rutgers by identical 6–0 scores, finished with a 2–0 record, and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. Isaac H. Lionberger was the team's captain.


1874 Princeton Tigers football team
This season marked the third of four consecutive national championships, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881.


1874 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1874 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1874 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1–3 record and were outscored by their opponents 17 to 7. The team had no coach, and its captain was Abram T. Marine.


1874 Scottish Cup Final
The 1874 Scottish Cup Final was the inaugural final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1873–74 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match took place at Hampden Park on 21 March 1874 and was contested by Queen's Park and Clydesdale.


1874 Scottish Cup Final
Queen's Park won the match 2–0 with goals from Billy MacKinnon and Robert Leckie. Subscription fees from 15 of these clubs were used to pay for the Scottish Cup trophy which the teams would compete for. The trophy is the oldest in association football and is also the oldest national trophy in the world.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Background
Following the foundation of The Football Association in 1863 and the success of their FA Cup, established in 1871, the committee of Queen's Park convened a meeting in Dewar’s Hotel, Glasgow on 13 March 1873 to form the Scottish Football Association. Seven clubs attended the meeting; Clydesdale, Dumbreck, Eastern, Granville, Queen's Park, Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV while the eighth founding member – Kilmarnock – intimated by letter their support. The founding members took the decision to establish their own annual competition and thus the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup was born. Subscription fees from these eight clubs plus seven of the other eight to enter the inaugural competition were used to pay for the Scottish Cup trophy which the teams would compete for. Unlike the FA Cup, the original trophy is still awarded to the winners of the competition.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final
Both clubs entered the competition in the first round. Queen's Park won all of their matches before the final at the first attempt whilst Clydesdale need two replays to see off 3rd Lanark RV in the quarter-finals.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Queen's Park
Queen's Park entered the competition in the first round and defeated Dumbreck with an emphatic 7–0 victory on 25 October 1873. In the quarter-finals the club faced Eastern, producing a 1–0 win to progress to the first semi-final. The club eliminated Renton in a 2–0 win to complete a hat-trick of clean sheets in the tournament and qualify for the final of the first ever Scottish Cup.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Clydesdale
Along with Queen's Park, Clydesdale produced an emphatic victory in the first round, defeating Granville 6–0 in what would be Granville's only competitive match. In the next round the club faced 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers where the first two matches ended in draws forcing replays. The original fixture ended 1–1 and the first replay 0–0. In the second replay of the fixture, Clydesdale overcame their opponents 2–0 to progress the semi-final stage. The club faced Blythswood at Kinning Park and won 4–0 to progress to the first Scottish Cup final.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report
Queen's Park and Clydesdale took to the pitch at a windy Hampden Park on 21 March 1874. The match kicked-off at quarter to four, Clydesdale with the disadvantage of having the wind in their faces.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report
In the first half Clydesdale controversially had a goal ruled out. Queen's Park protested when referee James McIntyre initially appeared to award a goal after Fred Anderson kicked the ball past Queen's goalkeeper John Dickson. There were no goal nets to catch the ball if it had been placed between the posts and it was claimed that Anderson's shot had rebounded off a spectator's knee. Had the goal been allowed to stand, the teams would have changed ends according to the rules at the time and Clydesdale would gain the advantage of having the wind behind them.


1874 Scottish Cup Final, Match, Report
Instead, Queen's Park retained that advantage and, early in the second half, Billy MacKinnon gave them the lead with "a powerful shot after a superb individual run". Robert Leckie scored Queen's Park's second goal with a shot not long before time was called.


1874 South Australian football season
The 1874 South Australian football season was the twelfth year of interclub football in South Australia.


1874 South Australian football season, Metropolitan football matches, August 15
Kensington were scheduled to play Victorian at Kensington but the latter failed to appear; the umpire awarded the match to Kensington on forfeit.


1874 South Australian football season, Ladder
In the table below, Senior Results is based only upon games played against senior clubs; the record listed under W-L-D is the record over all matches, including those against country and junior teams. The senior results include the premiership playoff match.


1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1874 to select the governor and lieutenant governor of the state of South Carolina. Daniel Henry Chamberlain won the election and became the 76th governor of South Carolina.


1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign
At the convention of the state Republicans on September 8 through September 11 in Columbia, the delegates felt that reform was vital for the continuation of Republican power. Governor Franklin J. Moses, Jr. was caught up in corruption scandals and never considered as a nominee for reelection to Governor. Instead, Daniel Henry Chamberlain was nominated for Governor and soundly won the nomination.


1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign
Chamberlain had been the Attorney General of South Carolina from 1868 to 1872 and pushed for reform of the state government. His association with Radical Republicans such as Senator John J. Patterson and former Governor Robert Kingston Scott enabled him to keep the support of stalwart Republicans while preaching a reform message.


1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign
It was this close association with Radical Republicans that again caused a split within the Republican party. The Independent Republicans met in Charleston on October 2 to select candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor. John T. Green was chosen to be their nominee for Governor and Martin Delany, a black man, was their candidate for lieutenant governor. The Independent Republicans adopted the Republican platform and the only difference between the two parties was that the Independent Republicans claimed their intention to clean up state government if elected.


1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Campaign
The Conservative Party of South Carolina formed in 1874 from the members of the State Tax Union advocating for change. They endorsed the Independent Republican ticket for statewide offices and their platform consisted entirely of restoring honesty and efficiency in state government.


1874 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election
The general election was held on November 3, 1874 and Daniel Henry Chamberlain was elected as governor of South Carolina. Turnout was the highest for a gubernatorial election thus held in South Carolina, although many white voters stayed away from the polls.


1874 South Devonshire by-election
The South Devonshire by-election of 1874 was fought on 19 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Massey Lopes, becoming Civil Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 South West Lancashire by-election
The South West Lancashire by-election of 1874 was fought on 19 March 1874. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Richard Assheton Cross, becoming Home Secretary. It was retained by the incumbent.


1874 St Ives by-election
The St Ives by-election of 1874 was fought on 28 December 1874. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Davenport. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Praed who received 617 votes against Liberal candidate Sir Francis Lycett's 552 votes. During the  election, the town held a holiday, with shops closed and ships not leaving harbour.


1874 St Ives by-election
Praed's election was later declared void, resulting in a further by-election in 1875, where Praed was returned again to the seat.


1874 Stevens football team
The 1874 Stevens football team represented Stevens Institute of Technology in the 1874 college football season.


1874 Swiss constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Switzerland on 19 April 1874. The new constitution was approved by 63.2% of voters and a majority of cantons. It gave more responsibilities and powers to the federal government.


1874 Swiss constitutional referendum, Background
In order to pass, any amendments to the constitution needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.


1874 Tenterfield colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Tenterfield on 24 August 1874 because Robert Abbott had been appointed Secretary for Mines in the first Parkes ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.


1874 Tenterfield colonial by-election
Edward Jones was an auctioneer from Glen Innes, and this was the first and only time he was a candidate for the Legislative Assembly.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot
The Tompkins Square Park riot occurred on January 13, 1874, at Tompkins Square Park in what is now the East Village and Alphabet City neighborhoods of Manhattan, New York City. The riot started after the New York City Police Department clashed with a demonstration involving thousands of unemployed civilians.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
The riot occurred in the midst of the Panic of 1873, a depression that began in 1873 and lasted for several years. Workers movements throughout the United States had been making demands of the government to help ease the strain of the depression. Organizations rejected offers of charity and instead asked for public works programs that would provide jobs for the masses of unemployed. Formed in December 1873, The Committee of Safety in New York City tried to organize a meeting with city officials but was denied any such opportunity.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
Impelling the workers' demands and the subsequent riot was poverty which, as the result of the Panic of 1873, had become significantly more prevalent in the United States, causing great plight to American workers. The Bureau of statistics in Massachusetts had found that the majority of working men then were unable to support their families from their earnings, and depended on the assistance of their children in order not to be in poverty and debt. Meanwhile, workers also had to deal with inflation as prices for rent, fuel and clothing didn't fall to meet decreased wages.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
Evictions had become widespread and people roamed the streets looking for food to eat. In New York City, there were over 90,000 homeless workers, almost half of them women, who were forced to sleep in police stations. They became known as "revolvers" because they could only stay in a police station for a few nights a month and therefore had to keep moving.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
In response, the committee organized a demonstration for January 13, 1874 to meet in Tompkins Square Park, which had often been used as a gathering point for demonstrations, and planned to march to City Hall. Demonstrators would demand that Mayor William F. Havemeyer establish a public works program to generate employment opportunities by donating $100,000 to a Labor Relief Bureau to be established by the committee.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
A separate organization, headed by Patrick Dunn, then called for a more militant demonstration on January 5, urging workers to use direct action if the government did not respond to demands. Members of the Committee of Safety attended the protest, at first trying to discourage workers from marching to City Hall that day but then joining the committee that led the march once it became clear that the demonstration could not be prevented. The demonstrators' demands were turned down by Aldermen at City Hall, and Committee of Safety members encouraged people to return for another demonstration on January 8.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
Over 1,000 people showed up for the January 8th demonstration in Union Square. The police also sent one precinct's full reserve force. Dunn proposed for the crowd to march on City Hall again but was outnumbered by Committee of Safety supporters, who instead chose to march to Tompkins Square. At Tompkins Square,  several demands, including the 8-hour day, were voted for, and the crowd was then encouraged to return again on January 13 for the original march organized by the Committee of Safety. Another precinct had its reserve force ready in Tompkins Square, but the police did not take any action that day.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
The Committee of Safety's attempts to pacify the movement did not bring them any sympathy however. Across the city, newspapers warned of the menace that the Committee represented. It was rumored that weapons had been bought with jewels stolen in Paris by Communards. The Police Board refused to allow the demonstration to come near City Hall, instead advising for the Committee to march to Union Square. When asked, Governor John A. Dix rejected the Committee's pleas to intervene on their behalf in the matter.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Background
In the end, the Committee decided not to have a march at all but simply hold the meeting in Tompkins Square Park for which they had already received the permit from the Department of Parks. At the request of the Police Board, however, the Department of Parks revoked the permit the night before the meeting. The police claimed to have told the Committee of Safety organizer Peter J. McGuire about the change of decision, who claimed to have been out when the message was delivered. The Department of Parks decision certainly was not made known to the masses of protesters in time to cancel the demonstration the next morning.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot
Over 7,000 workers gathered in Tompkins Square Park on January 13, 1874, including about 1,200 workers from the German Tenth Ward Workingmen's Association. This was the largest demonstration that New York City had ever seen. Roughly 1,600 policemen were stationed in the surrounding area. There were no notices in sight, however, to inform the crowd that the meeting's permit had been revoked.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot
Shortly after 10 a.m., police entered the square and dispersed most of the crowd from the park, beating people with clubs. Other police on horseback cleared the surrounding streets. Men from the German Tenth Ward Workingmen's Association fought back, attempting to defend the square. One policeman was hit in the head with a hammer. Christian Mayer was arrested for the incident.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot
Samuel Gompers described the events and his experiences: "mounted police charged the crowd on Eighth Street, riding them down and attacking men, women, and children without discrimination. It was an orgy of brutality. I was caught in the crowd on the street and barely saved my head from being cracked by jumping down a cellarway."


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, The riot
Panic spread across New York the rest of the day. One school was put under police protection as it was rumored that immigrants were planning to burn it down. City Alderman Kehr claimed that he had to jump off a street car to escape from protesters.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Aftermath
A total of 46 arrests were made in connection with the January 13 Tompkins Square meeting. Bail was set at $1000 for each arrestee. Mayer, along with as his fellow Tenth Ward Workingmen's Association member, Joseph Hoefflicher, received assault charges, and both went to jail for several months. Mayer was finally pardoned at the end of the summer by Governor Dix after a campaign led by a socialist newspaper. A third German worker, Justus Schwab, who had been arrested for carrying a red flag, was charged with incitement to riot. Schwab's East First Street saloon, a meeting place for radicals, was memorialized in 2012 with a plaque placed by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Aftermath
The unemployed movement lost much momentum after the riot. Efforts to organize another march proved to be futile. With the exception of the campaign to pardon Mayer, support was not sustained for those who were injured or arrested in the riot. By the end of the month, the Committee of Safety dissolved itself to form the Industrial Political Party, which was then also dissolved later that year.


1874 Tompkins Square Park riot, Aftermath
Attempts were made to have members of the Police Board fired over the incident. John Swinton, editor at the New York Sun, described police actions as an "outrage" in statements  made at the New York State Assembly's Committee on Grievances. These were later published as a pamphlet, The Tompkins Square Outrage, but the campaign to have the Board fired never succeeded. At the same time, the New York City Police Department increased their surveillance and harassment of political organizations. They were able to intimidate landlords into evicting radical groups and canceling meetings on their premises. A church fire was wrongly blamed on radicals, and rumor of a Communist plot to kill the mayor was circulated, both in an attempt to justify police actions.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island
The 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island was an astronomical expedition by French scientists to observe the  9 December 1874 transit of Venus on subantarctic Campbell Island in the Southern Ocean some 600 km south of New Zealand. It was one of several such scientific expeditions from various countries sent around the world to observe the rare astronomical event.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Preparation
The expedition was conducted under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences which established a committee to plan the operation. A year before the transit was due, the French naval frigate FRWS Vire, based at Nouméa and commanded by Captain J. Jacquemart, visited the island from 28 November to 25 December 1873. The officers and crew of the ship made a thorough survey of the coastline and set up a platform for astronomical equipment on the headland between Camp Cove and Garden Cove in Perseverance Harbour and cleared a path to the beach. They also planted a garden with potatoes, cabbages and other vegetables.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Preparation
The leader of the main expedition was A. Bouquet de la Grye, a naval hydrographer, assisted by hydrographer P. Hatt and naval officer Th. Courrejolles who was in charge of the photographic equipment. The fourth scientist was naturalist and expedition doctor Henri Filhol. They were accompanied by a support staff which included technicians, carpenters and mechanics. The expedition departed Marseilles in June 1874. They reached Sydney on 21 August and joined the Vire which had brought equipment from Nouméa. They left Sydney on 2 September and arrived at Campbell Island on 9 September.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island
After briefly checking North East Harbour and rejecting it as a venue for their work, they continued to Perseverance Harbour and Garden Cove. There, finding that there was insufficient space for their encampment and equipment and that nothing had survived in the vegetable garden except for a few cabbages, they set up their camp in Venus Bay instead.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island
September was occupied by unloading the Vire, erecting several prefabricated buildings and constructing a 20 m stone jetty. Pens were built for the sheep and pigs brought as food. On 22 September one of the technicians, Paul Duris, died of typhoid fever and was buried on the point opposite Venus Bay. The encampment was ready for occupation on 1 October. From mid October until mid November the Vire was away and the expedition members filled their time testing their equipment and repairing that which had been damaged on the outward voyage. Filhol collected natural history specimens and observed the wildlife. The weather was not helpful; the expedition endured a series of storms which caused damage to the buildings.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island
On 9 December the skies were cloudy, though as the time of the transit approached the sun appeared briefly giving the observers a view of Venus against the sun's corona  – a view obscured by clouds at the moment of first contact. They also had a twenty-second view of Venus at the end of the transit between third and fourth contacts as it was half off the sun's disc. No useful measurements were able to be made.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Campbell Island
It took three weeks for the expedition to dismantle their camp and load the ship. They departed on 28 December. Although observations and measurements of the transit had been unsuccessful, Filhol published a comprehensive account of his examination of the natural history of the island, while the chart produced by the naval officers subsequently formed the basis of maps of the island and British Admiralty charts for several decades. Many geographic features were named by the expedition after its own personnel and members of the transit committee in Paris, as well as for other expedition-related objects, including:


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island, Other expeditions
The Campbell Island expedition was one of six French expeditions sent to observe the 1874 transit. The other two sites in the southern hemisphere were Saint Paul Island in the Indian Ocean and Nouméa in New Caledonia, while in the northern hemisphere French astronomers visited Nagasaki in Japan, Peking in China, and Saigon in Vietnam. Other countries which sent similar expeditions were the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany and the United States.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii
The 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii was an astronomical expedition by British scientists to observe the December 8  transit of Venus at three separate observing sites in the Hawaiian Islands, then known as the Sandwich Islands. It was one of five 1874 transit expeditions organized by George Biddell Airy, Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. The purpose of the expedition was to obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit (AU), the distance from the Earth to the Sun, by measuring solar parallax. Previous efforts to obtain a precise value of an AU in 1769 had been hampered by the black drop effect. There is a collection of papers relating to this expedition at the Cambridge Digital Library.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Background
George Biddell Airy began preparations for the expedition in 1869 and procured funds in June of that year. Airy spent 1870–71 acquiring the necessary supplies and equipment. He made George Lyon Tupman, a captain in the Royal Marine Artillery, the lead astronomer of the Sandwich Islands expedition (known as Station B) in April 1872 and Tupman was also given responsibility for overseeing the organisation of all five official British expeditions and training the 22 observers. Tupman's journals recording the pre-expedition work at Greenwich have been digitised.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team
The Sandwich Islands team was composed of seven observers - Professor George Forbes, Henry Glanville Barnacle, John Walter Nichol, Lieutenant Francis Edward Ramsden, Lieutenant E. J. W. Noble, Captain George Lyon Tupman, and Richard Johnson - plus three Sappers of the Royal Engineers. In June 1874, the team left Liverpool in two groups carrying 93 tons of provisions on HMS Scout. They stopped along the way and met up in Valparaíso, Chile; they reached Honolulu Harbor on 9 September. The voyage out, and the rest of the expedition, were depicted in a series of caricature drawings by Lieutenant Noble, which have been digitised.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team
The team manned observing stations on three different islands. The primary observing station was established by George Lyon Tupman on the island of Oahu in the Apua district of Honolulu. The site was atop the bell tower of Kawaiaha`o Church. Nearby Ali`iolani Hale, at that time the Hawaiian Kingdom's capitol building, was a second Oahu location atop the building's clock tower manned by an American observer. Two auxiliary stations were established, one in Waimea, Kauai, manned by Richard Johnson with assistance from Lieutenant R.H. Wellings of HMS Scout, and another in Kailua, Hawaii, manned by George Forbes and Henry Glanville Barnacle.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team
As well as observing the transit on 8 December 1874, the observers undertook a large amount of work to establish the positions, particularly the longitudes, of the three observing sites. This information was fed into the Trigonometrical Survey of the Kingdom of Hawaii, then in progress and led by Professor William DeWitt Alexander. Tupman's journal of the Honolulu Station and Forbes's journal of the Kailua (Hawaii) Station have been digitised.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Team
Charles Darwin's son, Leonard Darwin, was a photographer on the 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to New Zealand, after which he traveled to Hawaii aboard the Mikado to meet the team in Honolulu.


1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii, Publications
George Biddell Airy published an Account of Observations of the Transit of Venus in Hawaii in 1881, with more than 200 pages about the expedition.


1874 United Kingdom general election
The 1874 United Kingdom general election saw the incumbent Liberals, led by William Gladstone, lose decisively, even though it won a majority of the votes cast. Benjamin Disraeli's Conservatives won the majority of seats in the House of Commons, largely because they won a number of uncontested seats. It was the first Conservative victory in a general election since 1841. Gladstone's decision to call an election surprised his colleagues, for they were aware of large sectors of discontent in their coalition.


1874 United Kingdom general election
For example, the nonconformists were upset with education policies; many working-class people disliked the new trade union laws and the restrictions on drinking. The Conservatives were making gains in the middle-class, Gladstone wanted to abolish the income tax, but failed to carry his own cabinet. The result was a disaster for the Liberals, who went from 387 MPs to only 242. Conservatives jumped from 271 to 350. For the first time the Irish nationalists would be elected. Gladstone himself noted: "We have been swept away in a torrent of gin and beer"


1874 United Kingdom general election
The election saw the Irish of the Home Rule League become the first significant third party in Parliament, with 60 of 101 of the seats for Ireland. This had been the first general election that used a secret ballot following the 1872 Secret Ballot Act. The Irish Nationalist gains could well be attributed to the effects of the Secret Ballot Act as tenants faced less of a threat of eviction if they voted against the wishes of their landlords.


1874 United Kingdom general election
In this election also, the first two working-class MPs were elected: Alexander MacDonald and Thomas Burt, both members of the Miners' Union, were elected as Liberal-Labour (Lib–Lab) MPs in Stafford and Morpeth, respectively. The 1867 Reform Act eroded the legislative power of the rural gentry. The 1874 election, especially in Ireland, saw great landowners losing their county seats to tenant farmers.


1874 United Kingdom general election
This is the only time since the introduction of the secret ballot that a party has been defeated despite receiving an absolute majority of the popular vote. This was primarily because over 100 Conservative candidates were elected unopposed. This meant no votes were cast in those 100 places where the Conservative candidates were anticipated to be popular; in the seats where Liberal candidates did stand, they polled a high proportion of the vote on average.


1874 United Kingdom general election
The election saw 652 MPs elected, 6 fewer than at the previous election. Following allegations of corruption the Conservative-held constituencies of Beverley and Sligo Borough, and the Liberal-held constituencies of Bridgwater and Cashel, had been abolished.


1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The 1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland produced the first major electoral appearance of the Home Rule League under chairman Isaac Butt. The party's electoral success, in which it won 60 MPs, taking control of Irish electoral politics from the previously dominant Conservative and the Liberal parties was the beginning of a dominance that was to see the party as the Irish Parliamentary Party control the political landscape in Ireland until its wipeout in the 1918 general election in Ireland.


1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
However its success in 1874 was marred by the lack of unity within the party in the House of Commons, where many of its members in effect sat as Liberal MPs and voted against their own Irish colleagues. It was not until then chairman Charles Stewart Parnell in the early 1880s introduced a strict whip that the party began to exercise serious influence, and act as a unit, in Westminster.


1874 United Kingdom general election in Ireland, Results
Not included in the results is the University of Dublin constituency, which returned two Conservatives to parliament.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida were held November 3, 1874 for the 44th Congress.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background
Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but in 1872, both seats were elected at large. In 1874, Florida was divided, for the first time, into districts for the United States House of Representatives.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Contested election
In the 2nd district, Jesse J. Finley (D) challenged Walls' re-election. On April 19, 1876, Finley was declared the winner of the election in the 2nd district 8,147 - 7,804


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1874 South Carolina United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 3, 1874 to select five Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two incumbents were re-elected, two open seats were retained by the Republicans, and the open seat in the 2nd congressional district was picked up by the Independent Republicans. The composition of the state delegation after the election was four Republicans and one Independent Republican.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Joseph Rainey of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Independent Republican Samuel Lee.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Alonzo J. Ransier of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1873, declined to run for re-election. Independent Republican Edmund William McGregor Mackey defeated Republican Charles W. Buttz in the general election.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district Special Election
Incumbent Republican Congressman Robert B. Elliott of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1871, resigned in 1874 so that he could return to South Carolina and stem the massive corruption on the part of the state Republican Party. A special election was called to be held simultaneously with the regular election. Lewis C. Carpenter was nominated by the Republicans and was unopposed in the special election.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Solomon L. Hoge was nominated by the Republicans for the regular election of the 3rd congressional district and he defeated Conservative challenger Samuel McGowan.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Alexander S. Wallace of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1870, defeated Conservative challenger Joseph B. Kershaw.


1874 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Robert Smalls was nominated by the Republicans for the newly created 5th congressional district and he defeated Independent Republican J.P.M. Epping.


1874 United States elections
The 1874 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant's second term, during the Third Party System. Members of the 44th United States Congress were chosen in this election. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. Colorado joined the union during the 44th Congress. Democrats took control of a chamber of Congress for the first time since the start of the Civil War, winning a huge number of seats from House Republicans. However, the Republicans retained a majority in the Senate. The election marked the first occurrence of the six-year itch phenomenon, in which a president's party lost many Congressional seats during the president's second mid-term election.


1874 United States elections
The Panic of 1873, a series of scandals, and an unpopular Congressional pay raise all damaged the Republican Party's brand. With the passage of the Reconstruction amendments, the importance of the parties' roles in the Civil War also receded in the minds of many. Though Republicans won governorships in Northern states such as Pennsylvania, the election increased Democratic power in the South, which it later dominated after the end of Reconstruction.


1874 United States elections
In the House, Democrats won massive gains when the Republicans lost a total of 93 seats (the second-largest swing in the history of the House, and the largest House loss by the Republican Party), turning a dominant Republican majority into a similarly-dominant Democratic majority.


1874 United States elections
In the Senate, Democrats picked up several seats, but Republicans retained a commanding majority.


1874 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1874 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 1, 1874. Incumbent Republican Julius Converse, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Asahel Peck defeated Democratic candidate W.H.H. Bingham to succeed him.


1874 Victorian football season
The 1874 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1874. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier was Carlton.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership
Five metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1874 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne, North Melbourne and St Kilda.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership
North Melbourne and St Kilda were newly elevated from junior ranks to senior ranks for this season.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership
Carlton, who were undefeated during the season, was considered the premier club, with Melbourne placed second, mostly by virtue of Carlton winning all four matches it played against Melbourne during the year.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership
Melbourne was considered to have had the better record against the remaining clubs, because Carlton had recorded four draws against those other clubs, but such was Carlton and Melbourne's dominance at the time that the matches against the other clubs had little influence on the premiership.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership
Carlton's record across all matches in 1874 was twelve wins and five draws from seventeen games; Melbourne's record was twelve wins, five losses and one draw from eighteen games.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership, Club senior records
The below table is set of results for senior clubs during the 1874 season. The list shows the record across all matches, including those against senior, junior and intercolonial clubs.


1874 Victorian football season, 1874 premiership, Club senior records
The Australasian and The Leader newspapers indicated Albert-park was the third best club, with North Melbourne fourth best, and St Kilda fifth: although North Melbourne's win-loss record appears superior to Albert-park's, its easier fixture (four of its 11 matches were against junior teams) was taken into account. Lists published in The Argus from 1889  and in the Football Record in 1912-1923 recorded St Kilda as the third-placed club in 1874, but the contemporary sources dispute this.


1874 Waitemata by-elections
The 1874 Waitemata by-elections were two by-elections held on 28 July and 8 September 1874 in the Waitemata electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.


1874 Waitemata by-elections
The first (28 July) by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Henderson on 24 April 1874.


1874 Waitemata by-elections
The first by-election was won by Gustav von der Heyde. William Lee Rees had been nominated but subsequently decided not to stand. This by-election was challenged by petition, as von der Heyde had not yet been naturalised.


1874 Waitemata by-elections
However the second (8 September) by-election confirmed von der Heyde as the MP.


1874 Waitemata by-elections
In both by-elections he was challenged by John Sangster Macfarlane, who subsequently won the seat in the 1876 general election. Macfarlane favoured abolition of the provinces, and said that the Provincial government was against him.


1874 Waitemata by-elections, Results
The poll totals for 8 September exclude 18 double votes for von der Heyde, 20 double votes for Macfarlane and 6 informal votes.


1874 Wakefield by-election
The Wakefield by-election of 1874 was fought on 4 May 1874. The byelection was fought due to the void Election of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Green. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Kemp Sanderson.


1874 Wellington City mayoral election
The 1874 Wellington City mayoral election was the first election for the Mayor of Wellington to be conducted by public vote. The election was won by William Sefton Moorhouse, who defeated former mayor Joseph Dransfield.


1874 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
Prior conventions dictated that Wellington's mayors were chosen by the city councillors from amongst one of themselves. In December 1874 an election open to the voting public was held with the intention of ratepayers selecting who would occupy the office of mayor for the 1875 term. The election was held on 17 December and saw William Sefton Moorhouse defeat Joseph Dransfield by a 2 to 1 vote margin.


1874 Wenlock by-election
The Wenlock by-election of 1874 was fought on 12 November 1874. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Weld-Forester. It was won by the Conservative candidate Cecil Weld-Forester.


1874 West Maitland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Maitland on 4 August 1874 because Benjamin Lee resigned.


1874 West Somerset by-election
The West Somerset by-election of 1874 was held on 12 January 1874. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Conservative Party, William Gore-Langton. It was won by the Conservative candidate Vaughan Lee, who was unopposed.


1874 Wigtown Burghs by-election
The Wigtown Burghs by-election of 1874 was fought on 12 June 1874. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, George Young, to become a Judge of the Court of Session. It was won by the Conservative candidate Mark John Stewart.


1874 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1874 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1874 college football season. The team finished with a 3–0 record and was retroactively named national champion by the National Championship Foundation and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. The team captain was Hugh J. McBirney.


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1874 and 1875 for Representatives to the 44th Congress, occurring in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote.


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
With the election following the Panic of 1873, Grant's Republican Party was crushed in the elections, losing their majority and almost half their seats to the Democratic Party. This was the first period of Democratic control since the pre-war era. The economic crisis and the inability of Grant to find a solution led to his party's defeat. This was the second-largest swing in the history of the House (only behind the 1894 elections), and is the largest House loss in the history of the Republican Party.


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
In the south, the Democrats and Conservatives continued their systematic destruction of the Republican coalition. In the South, Scalawags moved into the Democratic Party. The Democratic landslide signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed and a realignment of the Republican coalition that had dominated American politics since the late 1850s.


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
While the ongoing end of Reconstruction in the South was one of the main reasons for the shift, turn-of-the-century historian James Ford Rhodes explored the multiple causes of the results in the North:


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
In the fall elections of 1874 the issue was clearly defined: Did the Republican President Ulysses S. Grant and Congress deserve the confidence of the country? and the answer was unmistakably No ... The Democrats had won a signal victory, obtaining control of the next House of Representatives which would stand Democrats 168, Liberals and Independents 14, Republicans 108 as against the two-thirds Republican majority secured by the election of 1872. Since 1861 the Republicans had controlled the House and now with its loss came a decrease in their majority in the Senate ...


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
The political revolution from 1872 to 1874 was due to the failure of the Southern policy of the Republican party, to the Credit Mobilier and Sanborn contract scandals, to corrupt and inefficient administration in many departments and to the persistent advocacy of Grant by some close friends and hangers-on for a third presidential term. Some among the opposition were influenced by the President's backsliding in the cause of civil service reform, and others by the failure of the Republican party to grapple successfully with the financial question.


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections
The depression, following the financial Panic of 1873, and the number of men consequently out of employment weighed in the scale against the party in power. In Ohio, the result was affected by the temperance crusade in the early part of the year. Bands of women of good social standing marched to saloons before which or in which they sang hymns and, kneeling down, prayed that the great evil of drink might be removed. Sympathizing men wrought with them in causing the strict law of the State against the sale of strong liquor to be rigidly enforced. Since Republicans were in the main the instigators of the movement, it alienated from their party a large portion of the German American vote.


1874 and 1875 United States House of Representatives elections, Election dates
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1874–75, there were still 10 states with earlier election dates, and 3 states with later election dates:


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1874 and 1875 had the Democratic Party gain nine seats in the United States Senate from the Republican Party (the party of incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant). Republicans remained in the majority, however.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Results summary
Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 43rd Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1874 or in 1875 before March 4; ordered by election date.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 44th Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1875; ordered by state.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 44th Congress
There were no special elections in 1875 to the 44th Congress.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
The New York election was held on January 19 and 20, 1875, by the New York State Legislature.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
Republican Reuben E. Fenton had been elected in January 1869 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1875.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
At the state election in November 1873, a Republican majority was elected for a two-year term (1874-1875) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1874, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was elected Governor, 75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the Assembly, and Democrat Albert P. Laning was elected in the 31st District to fill a vacancy in the State Senate. The 98th New York State Legislature met from January 5 to May 19, 1875, at Albany, New York.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
The caucus of Democratic State legislators met on January 15, State Senator Albert P. Laning, of Buffalo, presided. All but one of the legislators were present, only Assemblyman John M. Roscoe, of Schoharie County, was sick. The caucus nominated Francis Kernan for the U.S. Senate. Kernan had been the Democratic/Liberal Republican candidate for Governor in November 1872 but had been defeated by John Adams Dix. Now Kernan was the choice of Tammany boss John Kelly who had succeeded the corrupt William M. Tweed.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
Kelly was opposed by John C. Jacobs, who proposed Ex-State Senator Henry C. Murphy, Jacobs's predecessor from the 3rd District, and the Democratic candidate who had lost the U.S. Senate elections in 1867 and 1869 when the Democrats were the minority. Kelly stood firm in his intention to dominate the Democratic Party, and had the caucus nomination made by viva voce vote instead of the more traditional secret ballot. Jacobs and Murphy had expected to get votes from many legislators who would not dare to cross Kelly openly, but had to abandon their hopes when the secret ballot was voted down 74 to 13.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
The caucus of the Republican State legislators nominated Ex-U.S. Senator from New York Edwin D. Morgan.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
On January 19, the Democratic majority of the Assembly nominated Francis Kernan, and the Republican majority of the State Senate nominated Ex-U.S. Senator Edwin D. Morgan. On January 20, both Houses met in joint session to compare nominations, and finding that they disagreed, proceeded to a joint ballot. Francis Kernan was elected, the first Democratic U.S. Senator from New York since 1851 when Daniel S. Dickinson left office.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, New York
Note: The vote for Ex-Governor of New York Hoffman was cast by Reuben E. Fenton's brother-in-law Samuel Scudder, a Democratic Assemblyman from Cattaraugus County.


1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania election was held on January 19, 1875. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, elected William A. Wallace.


1874 college football season
The 1874 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton, Harvard, and Yale as having been selected national champions. Only Princeton and Yale officially claim championships for this season.


1874 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1874 in Australia.


1874 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1874.


1874 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1874 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1874 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1874 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1874 in Canada, Historical documents
With imperial troops withdrawn from most of Canada, major general has recommendations for instruction of militia (Note: racial stereotypes)


1874 in Canada, Historical documents
Sam Steele describes North-West Mounted Police horses stampeding at the start of the March West


1874 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1874 in Chile.


1874 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1874 in New Zealand.


1874 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1874 in South Africa.


1874 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1874 to Wales and its people.


1874 in architecture
The year 1874 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1874 in association football
The following are events in 1874 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.


1874 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1874  throughout the world.


1874 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of  1874.


1874 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1874.


1874 in paleontology, Plesiosaurs, New taxa
A member of Microcleididae; new genus for "Plesiosaurus" rugosus Owen, 1840.


1874 in paleontology, Plesiosaurs, New taxa
A rhomaleosaurid; new genus for "Plesiosaurus" cramptoni Carte and Bailey, 1863


1874 in poetry
God grant that the reader, emboldened and having become at present as fierce as what he is reading, find, without loss of bearings, his way, his wild and treacherous passage through the desolate swamps of these sombre, poison-soaked pages; for, unless he should bring to his reading a rigorous logic and a sustained mental effort at least as strong as his distrust, the lethal fumes of this book shall dissolve his soul as water does sugar.


1874 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1874 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1874 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1874 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1874.


1874 in science
The year 1874 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1874 in sports
1874 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1874 transit of Venus
The 1874 transit of Venus, which took place on 9 December 1874 (01:49 to 06:26 UTC), was the first of the pair of transits of Venus that took place in the 19th century, with the second transit occurring eight years later in 1882. The previous pair of transits had taken place in 1761 and 1769, and the next pair would not take place until 2004 and 2012. As with previous transits, the 1874 transit would provide an opportunity for improved measurements and observations. Numerous expeditions were planned and sent out to observe the transit from locations around the globe, with several countries setting up official committees to organise the planning.


1874 transit of Venus
There were six official French expeditions. One expedition went to New Zealand's Campbell Island, the other five travelling to Île Saint-Paul in the Indian Ocean, Nouméa in New Caledonia in the Pacific, Nagasaki in Japan (with an auxiliary station in Kobe), Peking in China, and Saigon in Vietnam.


1874 transit of Venus
There were five official British expeditions or observation sites. One expedition travelled to Hawaii, with two others sent to the Kerguelen Archipelago in the far southern reaches of the Indian Ocean, and Rodrigues, an island further north in the Indian Ocean, near Mauritius. A fourth expedition went to a site near Cairo in Egypt, and the fifth travelled to a site near Christchurch in New Zealand. Several of the expeditions included auxiliary observation stations that were constructed in addition to the main observation sites.


1874 transit of Venus
In the United States, the Transit of Venus Commission sent out eight expeditions funded by Congress, one to Kerguelen, one to Hobart, Tasmania, one to Queenstown, New Zealand, one to Chatham Island in the southern Pacific, one led by James Craig Watson in Peking, one to Nagasaki in Japan, and one to Vladivostok in Russia. The eighth expedition had been intended for Crozet Island, but was unable to land there and instead made observations from Tasmania. These expeditions obtained 350 photographic plates for the 1874 transit.


1874 transit of Venus
The transit was observed from many observatories, including the Melbourne Observatory, Adelaide Observatory and Sydney Observatory in Australia, the Royal Observatory at Cape Town in what is now South Africa, the Royal Alfred Observatory on Mauritius, the Madras Observatory in Madras, India, the Colonial Time Service Observatory in Wellington, New Zealand, and the Khedivial Observatory in Egypt. The Sydney Observatory sent an observing party to Goulburn in Australia.


1874 transit of Venus
Italian astronomer Pietro Tacchini led an expedition to Muddapur, India. Other locations in India from where the transit was observed included Roorkee, and Visakhapatnam. The German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger directed an expedition that travelled to the Auckland Islands (subantarctic New Zealand islands). German astronomers also travelled to Isfahan in Persia, and to Kerguelen. The Dutch astronomer Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans made observations from Réunion, and observations were also made from various points in the Dutch East Indies. Austrian astronomers made observations from Jassy, in what is now Romania. The Russian astronomer Otto Wilhelm von Struve organised expeditions to make observations in eastern Asia, the Caucasus, Persia and Egypt. Two Mexican expeditions travelled to Yokohama in Japan.


1874 transit of Venus
There were also several individuals that journeyed to various locations to observe the transit, or funded private expeditions. Archibald Campbell made observations from Thebes in Egypt. James Ludovic Lindsay funded a private expedition to Mauritius. Several private or amateur observations were known to have been made from New South Wales, including from Eden, Windsor, and Sydney. A privately funded expedition from the USA also travelled to Beechworth, Victoria, in Australia.


1874 transit of Venus
Not all the observers were able to make measurements, either due to adverse weather conditions, or problems with the equipment used. Many observers, particularly those on the official expeditions, used the new technique of photoheliography, intending to use the photographic plates to make precise measurements. However, the results of using this new technique were poor, and several expeditions were unable to produce publishable results or improve on existing values for the astronomical unit (AU). In addition to this, observations made of Mars were producing more accurate results for calculating the value of the AU than could be obtained during a transit of Venus.


1874–75 3rd Lanark RV season
The 1874–75 season was the second season of competitive football by 3rd Lanark RV.


1874–75 3rd Lanark RV season
During the club's early years, the team would play in red shirts and blue shorts. Their traditional white shorts weren't introduced until 1876.


1874–75 3rd Lanark RV season, Scottish Cup
3rd Lanark RV entered the Scottish Cup for the second time but were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Dumbarton


1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season
The 1874–75 season was the second season of competitive football by Dumbarton.


1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup
Dumbarton reached the semi final of the Scottish Cup before losing to local rivals Renton, after a protested match and a 1-1 draw.


1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup
The second round of the Scottish Cup pitted Dumbarton against Rangers for their first ever meeting, and this remains the oldest competitive tie between Dumbarton and any of the current Scottish league clubs.


1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies
During the season, 6 'friendlies' matches were reported to have been played, including home and away fixtures against neighbours Vale of Leven. In addition, a match was played against Dumbarton Cricket and Football Club - who would later change their name to Lennox F.C.. Of these matches, five were drawn and one lost, scoring two goals and conceding five.


1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
Amongst those making their first appearances for the club this season was Archie Lang. Of those playing their final game in Dumbarton 'colours', Robert Ball was of note being the player who scored Dumbarton's first ever goal.


1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
Only includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.


1874–75 FA Cup
The 1874–75 FA Cup was the fourth season of England's oldest football tournament, the Football Association Challenge Cup or "FA Cup". 29 teams entered, one more than the previous season, although four of the 29 never played a match. The final was contested by Royal Engineers – playing in their third final in the four seasons of the FA Cup – and Old Etonians – playing in their first final.


1874–75 FA Cup
On their way to the final, Royal Engineers knocked out Cambridge University in the Second Round and holders Oxford University in the Semi-finals, while Old Etonians only managed to score more than one goal in one match: their second replay against Swifts, which they won 3–0. The biggest win of the competition was recorded by two-time FA Cup winners Wanderers, who beat Farningham 16–0 in the First Round.


1874–75 FA Cup
In the final, played on 13 March 1875, Old Etonians forced a replay against Royal Engineers, with the two sides playing out a 1–1 draw. The replay was played three days later, when two goals from Henry Renny-Tailyour secured a 2–0 win for Royal Engineers.


1874–75 FA Cup, Format
First Round: 28 teams (with Reigate Priory getting a bye) would face another team, eliminating the losers


1874–75 FA Cup, Format
Second Round: The 14 First Round teams and Reigate Priory would play against an opponent, with Old Etonians getting a bye


1874–75 FA Cup, Format
Third Round - Finals: The remaining teams would play in a knockout-round style, due to the teams being a power of two. In the finals, Old Etonians lost in a replay to Royal Engineers


1874–75 FA Cup, First round
All 29 teams entered the competition at the First Round stage. However, due to the odd number of entrants, Reigate Priory were given a bye to the Second Round. Three teams – Civil Service, Windsor Home Park and Shropshire Wanderers – were also awarded walkovers. Three of the ties finished as draws and went to replays; of these, one had to be decided by a second replay. The biggest win in the competition came at this stage with Wanderers' 16–0 win over Farningham.


1874–75 FA Cup, Second round
The 15 teams that progressed from the First Round took part in the Second Round. Due to the odd number of teams, Old Etonians were given a bye to the Third Round. Oxford University were awarded a walkover in their tie against Windsor Home Park. In all but one of the fixtures, the losing teams failed to score. Two matches saw the biggest win of the round: both Royal Engineers and Wanderers beat their respective opponents 5–0. None of the ties required replays.


1874–75 FA Cup, Third round
The eight teams that progressed from the Second Round took part in the Third Round. There was no need for any team to be given a bye to the next round, and there were no walkovers. Only one tie required a replay, in which Shropshire Wanderers recorded the biggest win of the round: a 2–0 win over Woodford Wells.


1874–75 FA Cup, Semi-finals
The four winning teams from the Third Round took part in the Semi-finals. Old Etonians beat Shropshire Wanderers at the first attempt, but Royal Engineers required a replay to beat Oxford University after a 1–1 draw; they won the replay 1–0.


1874–75 FA Cup, Final
The 1875 FA Cup Final was played on 13 March 1875 between Royal Engineers and Old Etonians at Kennington Oval in London. The match was refereed by cup founder C. W. Alcock of Wanderers F.C. It finished as a 1–1 draw, with goals from Henry Renny-Tailyour for Royal Engineers and Alexander Bonsor for Old Etonians, which meant that there would have to be a replay.


1874–75 FA Cup, Final, Replay
The replay was played three days later, also at Kennington Oval and refereed by C. W. Alcock. Two goals from Henry Renny-Tailyour  gave Royal Engineers a 2–0 win and their first FA Cup title in three attempts.


1874–75 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1874–75 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1874 college football season. The team finished with a 1–1 record and was retroactively named co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. The team captain was Arthur B. Ellis.


1874–75 Harvard Crimson football team
After the first rugby football game in the United States was played by McGill University visiting Harvard in May 1874, Harvard traveled to Montreal for another rugby style game in October. No goals were scored, the game ended in a 0–0 tie, but Harvard had scored three tries to win the game in front of 2,000 spectators.


1874–75 Home Nations rugby union matches
The 1874-75 Home Nations rugby union matches are a series of international friendlies held between the England, Ireland and Scotland national rugby union teams. This season of games was notable as it saw the first international appearance of the Ireland team.


1874–75 Home Nations rugby union matches, Results, Scoring system
The matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.


1874–75 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland
England: AW Pearson (Guy's Hospital), L Stokes (Blackheath), William Henry Milton (Marlborough Nomads), AT Michell (Oxford University), EH Nash (Oxford University), WE Collins (St George's Hospital), FR Adams (Richmond), Thomas Batson (Blackheath), EC Cheston (Richmond), Charles Crosse (Oxford University), EC Fraser (Oxford University), HJ Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), JDG Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), WHH Hutchinson (Hull), Henry Arnold Lawrence (Richmond) capt., Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), JEH Mackinlay (St George's Hospital), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), ES Perrott (Old Chestonians), Dawson Turner (Richmond), Roger Walker (Manchester)


1874–75 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, England vs. Ireland
Ireland: RB Walkington (NIFC), HL Cox (Dublin University), RJ Bell (NIFC), AP Cronyn (Dublin University), R Galbraith (Dublin University), J Myles (Dublin University), EN McIlwaine (NIFC), WS Allen (Wanderers), G Andrews (NIFC), WH Ash (NIFC), M Barlow (Wanderers), BN Casement (Dublin University), A Combe (NIFC), W Gaffikin (Windsor), E Galbraith (Dublin University), FT Hewson (Wanderers), JA McDonald (Methodist College), RM Maginess (Dublin University), G Stack (Dublin University) capt., HD Walsh (Dublin University)


1874–75 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England
Scotland: WD Brown (Glasgow Academicals) capt., T Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), Malcolm Cross(Glasgow Academicals), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), HM Hamilton (West of Scotland), John Kennedy Todd (Glasgow Academicals), JR Hay-Gordon (Edinburgh Academicals), Allan Arthur (Glasgow Academicals), JW Dunlop (West of Scotland), AP Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), George Raphael Fleming (Glasgow Academicals), Gilbert Heron (Glasgow Academicals), RW Irvine  (Edinburgh Academicals), A Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), JAW Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), AG Petrie (Royal HSFP), J Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), D Robertson (Edinburgh Academicals), A Wood (Royal HSFP)


1874–75 Home Nations rugby union matches, The matches, Scotland vs. England
England: AW Pearson (Blackheath), Reg Birkett (Clapham Rovers), S Morse (Marlborough Nomads), AT Michell (Oxford University), WAD Evanson (Civil Service), WE Collins (St George's Hospital), FR Adams (Richmond), James Bush (Clifton), EC Cheston (Richmond), WRB Fletcher (Marlborough Nomads), JSM Genth (Manchester), HJ Graham (Wimbledon Hornets), Edward Kewley (Liverpool), Henry Arnold Lawrence (Richmond) capt., Francis Luscombe (Gipsies), Murray Marshall (Blackheath), S Parker (Liverpool), JE Paul (RIE College), Dawson Turner (Richmond)


1874–75 New South Wales colonial election
The 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election was held between 8 December 1874 and 12 January 1875. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 28 November 1874 by the Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, on the advice of the Premier, Henry Parkes.


1874–75 New South Wales colonial election
There was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.


1874–75 New South Wales colonial election, Results
New South Wales colonial election, 8 December 1874 – 12 January 1875 Legislative Assembly << 1872–1877 >>


1874–75 Northwich Victoria F.C. season
The 1874–75 season was Northwich Victoria's 1st season playing solely Association Football. Before this year, club played both Rugby and Association Football as well as hare and hounds. The club's first game was against Stedman College on a field in the nearby village of Comberbach.


1874–75 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad
This is the squad who played for Northwich Victoria in their first ever game.


1874–75 Northwich Victoria F.C. season, First-team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1874–75 Queen's Park F.C. season
The 1874–75 season was the fourth season of competitive football by Queen's Park.


1874–75 Queen's Park F.C. season
This was the second season in which Queen's Park played in their now traditional black and white hoops. Between 1874 and 1876, each player wore distinctive socks.


1874–75 Queen's Park F.C. season, Scottish Cup
Queen's Park retained the Scottish Cup, winning the competition for the second time after they defeated Renton in the final.


1874–75 Scottish Cup
The 1874–75 Scottish Cup – officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup – was the second season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Teams from Edinburgh, Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire entered the competition for the first time and with 12 new teams entering the competition, a total of 25 were included in the first round draw. The competition began on 10 October 1874 and concluded with the final on 10 April 1875. The cup was won for the second time by Queen's Park who defeated Dunbartonshire club Renton 3–0 in the final.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Format
As with the inaugural competition, the second edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament, however, an odd number of teams entering the competition necessitated the introduction of byes for the first time.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Format
For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Format
A similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Format, Calendar
The exact dates of some matches are unknown as newspaper coverage of football in the late 19th century was not as comprehensive as it would become.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Teams
All 25 teams entered the competition in the first round.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, First round
Glasgow team Standard were the first team in the competition's history to receive a bye and advanced straight to the second round. The first round got underway on 10 October 1874 when Rangers and Oxford made their Scottish Cup debuts. Goals from McNeil and Gibb gave Rangers a 2–0 home win at Flesher's Haugh to see them through. Dumbarton, Kilmarnock and Helensburgh - who were also making their debut in the competition - all recorded their first wins in the competition a week later.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, First round
On the same day, Eastern secured their passage to the second with a 3–0 win over 23rd Renfrew RV and 3rd Lanark RV's tie with Barrhead went to a replay following a goalless draw at Cathkin Park. The remaining matches were played on 24 October 1874, however the exact date of West End's 3–0 win over Star of Leven is unknown. Holders Queen's Park defeated Western, Dumbreck won 5–1 against Alexandra Athletic, Clydesdale drew with Vale of Leven and 3rd Lanark RV defeated Barrhead in a replay. Blythswood and Hamilton scratched their ties with Renton and Rovers respectively and Vale of Leven resigned before their replay with Clydesdale.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Second round
With 13 teams remaining in the competition, Rovers received a bye to the quarter-finals. Queen's Park's 7–0 win over West End was the highest-scoring game in the 1874–75 competition and equalled the record for the biggest win they themselves had set in the previous season. Renton and Clydesdale overcame Helensburgh and Dumbreck respectively while Kilmarnock lost 3–0 at home to Eastern. Dumbarton and 3rd Lanark RV also advanced to the quarter-finals after overcoming Rangers and Standard in a replay following goalless draws in their original matches.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Quarter-finals
Only two matches were played in the quarter-finals after Rovers scratched their tie with Queen's Park and Clydesdale received a bye to the semi-finals. Both matches finished 1–0 to the home teams as Dumbarton defeated 3rd Lanark RV on 19 December 1874 and Renton saw off Eastern one week later.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Semi-finals
The two semi-finals produced a total of three replays between them. Renton managed to see off Dumbarton away from home a week after a 1–1 draw in the original fixture on 27 March 1875. The other semi-final saw old rivals Queen's Park and Clydesdale face off in a replay of the previous season's final. A goalless draw at Kinning Park was followed by a 2–2 draw at Hampden Park before Queen's edged the second replay 1–0 away from home.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Final
After 26 matches played and 53 goals scored, the tournament culminated in the 1875 Scottish Cup Final on 10 April 1875. The match, played at the original Hampden Park in Crosshill, was watched by 7,000 spectators and refereed by A. Campbell of Clydesdale. As Hampden Park was the home of finalists Queen's Park, the match was one of a select few cup finals in Scotland that were not played on neutral territory.


1874–75 Scottish Cup, Final
All three goals came in the final 15 minutes of the match courtesy of Scotland internationals Angus MacKinnon, Thomas Highet and Billy MacKinnon. Queen's Park won 3–0 to claim the trophy for the second consecutive season.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season
The 1874-75 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the  rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season
It includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, History
The matches here remain 20 - a - side. These matches, with more players on the park, made it harder to score.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, History
In addition, scoring a try did not count for points. The try gave you an attempt to get a score by means of the conversion; if the conversion was missed then it did not benefit the try scoring team. It was only goals that mattered.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, History
Both inter-city matches this season show just how difficult it was to score when the teams were 20-a-side.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, History
The February 1875 match was the fourth draw in succession, although the North British Mail noted that Glasgow District had the best of the Inter-City match. It was noted that the 1875 match was played in two halves lasting 50 minutes each.


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City
Glasgow District: William Davie Brown  [captain], James Stewart Carrick (both Glasgow Academicals)Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland)James Howe McClure, George Buchanan McClure  (both West of Scotland), John Kennedy Todd  (Glasgow Academicals)Gilbert Heron, Charles Chalmers Bryce, Allan Arthur, Henry William Allan, George Raphael Fleming (all Glasgow Academicals),Tom Paterson Neilson, John Alexander Neilson, J.S. Kennedy, Preston (West of Scotland)C.E. McArthur, Henry Melville Napier, W.B. Russell, J. Hutchison (Glasgow University)Edinburgh District: W. Blackwood (Edinburgh Academicals), G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), N. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Johnston (Warriston), T. Bell (Edinburgh Academicals), George Paterson (Warriston), T. L. Knott (Royal HSFP), J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals) [ captain], R. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), N. T. Brown (Institution), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), A. Wood (Royal HSFP), S. McDonald (Warriston), Connell (Edinburgh University), T. Spens (Edinburgh University), C. Villar (Warriston)


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City
Edinburgh District: R. Johnstone (Warriston), G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Montgomery (Edinburgh Wanderers), L. Aitken (Edinburgh Academicals), W. Connell (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Warriston), Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals) [


1874–75 Scottish Districts season, Results, Inter-City
captain], J. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), J. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), A. Wood (Royal HSFP), James Robertson (Royal HSFP), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Warriston), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P. ), W. Forsyth (Edinburgh University), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals)Glasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), T. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University), J. K. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), J. H. McClure (West of Scotland), G. R. McClure [captain] (West of Scotland), G. Heron, Allan Arthur, G. Fleming, J.S. Tod, A. Arwell, S. Smith, H. Allen, J. H. Dunlop, F. McRae, W. S. Brown (all Glasgow Academicals), W. R. Russell, J. Cochrane (both West of Scotland), J. Hutchinson (Glasgow University)


1874–75 Tufts Jumbos football team
The 1874–75 Tufts Jumbos football team represented Tufts University in the 1874 college football season.


1874–75 Vale of Leven F.C. season
The 1874–75 season was the first season of competitive football by Vale of Leven.


1874–75 Vale of Leven F.C. season
Vale had entered the inaugural Scottish Cup in 1873–74 but withdrew from the competition without playing a match.


1874–75 Vale of Leven F.C. season, Scottish Cup
Vale of Leven entered the Scottish Cup for the second time. They played their first match against Clydesdale at home but withdrew from the competition after the match which had finished 0–0.


1874–75 in English football
The 1874–75 season was the fourth season of competitive football in England.


1874–75 in English football, National team
England and Scotland met again in a 2–2 draw at the Kennington Oval


1874–75 in Scottish football
Season 1874–75 in Scottish football saw the Scottish Cup being contested for the second time.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Overview
After its successful introduction the previous season, the Scottish Cup was again competed for, with Queen's Park once again lifting the trophy. For the second season running, Queen's contented themselves with the domestic tournament, declining to enter the FA Cup.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Overview
International competition was once again restricted to the annual clash with England, while the Glasgow v Sheffield representative fixture was played in Scotland for the first time.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
There was a modest expansion in the competition in its second season, which attracted 25 entrants – up from 16 for the previous season. There was geographic expansion too, with the 3rd Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers team becoming the first team from the east of the country to participate.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
Holders Queen's Park once again lifted the trophy, defeating Western and West End in the early rounds, then progressing to the semi-finals when opponents Rovers withdrew. The semi-final, against the previous season's runners-up, Clydesdale, took three games to settle with Queen's finally winning 1–0 at Kinning Park following 0–0 and 2–2 draws. Renton, meanwhile had defeated their local rivals Dumbarton in their own replayed tie.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Scottish Cup
The final saw Queen's Park comfortably run out 3–0 winners. The crowd, estimated at 7,000, reflected the growing interest in football as it was almost three times the number that had attended the previous year.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Scotland national team
The 1875 international saw Scotland visiting London for a second time, on this occasion returning with a draw.


1874–75 in Scottish football, Representative matches
27 February 1875:  Glasgow 2  Sheffield 0 (Hamilton Crescent, Partick)