1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1890 college football season. It was the only season under head coach Tom Eck and featured the historic first meeting between Minnesota and Wisconsin, the most-played rivalry at the top level of NCAA college football. The two teams have played each other every year since then except for 1906. That game was canceled by President Theodore Roosevelt who had decided to "cool off heated college football rivalries because of injuries and deaths on the field." The game was a decisive 63-0 Minnesota win.


1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Coach Eck  started holding signal drills before each game and established a training table. This is considered to be the start of "scientific football" at Minnesota. He also acted as the team's trainer.


1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The week before that game, Minnesota took on Grinnell in Minneapolis, the first out-of-state opponent in Minnesota football history. The game was a hard fought 18-13 Minnesota victory.


1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The Ariel declared this team to be the "champions of the northwest".


1890 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Roster
Horace R. Robinson (captain), William C. Leary, George K. Belden, J.A. Harris, S.S. Start, Grant B. Rossman, Eugene L. Patterson, William C. Muir, George C. Sikes, Alf F. Pillsbury, Harry E. White, Charles E. Guthrie, James E. Madigan, David R. Burbank, Everhard P. Harding; Trainer Tom Eck.


1890 Minnesota Senate election
The 1890 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1890, to elect members to the Senate of the 27th and 28th Minnesota Legislatures.


1890 Minnesota Senate election
The Minnesota Republican Party won a plurality of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1891.


1890 Minnesota Senate election
The election resulted in Republicans losing control of the Senate for the first time since 1858 when Minnesota was granted statehood.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
In the late 1800s, Minnesota was one of the nation's most consistently Republican states, and conservative dominance extended to the State Senate as well. Since 1860, Republicans were the preeminent caucus in the Senate, not once losing a majority in the chamber.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
That being said, in the years leading up to 1890, Minnesota had emerged as a center of the Farmers' Alliance, a progressive agrarian movement. At the 1886 election, two members of the Alliance had taken seats from the Republicans, foreshadowing the 1890 result.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
It was not uncommon for local Alliance organizations to endorse members of the two major parties if their values were aligned, though it was more likely for Alliance groups to endorse known Democrats than Republicans. The same is true of the Prohibition Party and other groups.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
In St. Paul, a group of 100 local power brokers, 50 from either major party, assembled in August of 1890 with the intention of nominating a "Citizens' Ticket" for Ramsey County. The "committee of 100" hoped that local Democratic and Republican organizations would endorse their unity ticket, which they did in most cases.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
In western Minnesota, two candidates were endorsed as the "Peoples'" candidates. It is unclear if these endorsements were related as part of a broader organization or if the "Peoples'" designation was only of local significance.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
Three Republicans who lost their party's endorsement ran as Independent Republicans and won, then caucused as Republicans in the Senate. Two Democrats, one endorsed and one unendorsed, ran in the 36th District of Scott County. The endorsed candidate, James McHale, won.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Background
Prior to the 1890 election, the Minnesota Senate had 47 seats. A redistricting undertaken in 1889 added 7 seats, bringing the total to 54. In particular, Hennepin and Ramsey Counties as well as western and northern Minnesota gained new seats. Goodhue County lost a seat.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Results, Summary
Republicans won 26 seats, two short of the 28 needed to control the chamber. The Democratic Party and Farmers' Alliance won a combined 28 seats.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Results, Summary
Due to the fact that numerous candidates were endorsed by more than one party, it is impossible to calculate how many people voted for each party without counting votes multiple times. It can be said, however, that Republicans had certainly not won such a small percentage of the vote since Minnesota had been granted statehood.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Results, District results
The parties are as follows:   Alliance (All. ),   Citizen's Ticket (Cit. ),   Democratic (Dem. ),   Independent (Ind. ),   Labor (Lab. ),   People's Ticket (Peo. ),   Prohibition (Pro. ),   Republican (Rep.)


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Aftermath
When the new legislature met in January of 1891, a flurry of activity and political dealmaking led to strange arrangement of power in St. Paul. The 1891 session opened by Republican Lieutenant Governor Gideon Ives, and was swiftly moved to recess for three hours. In this time, Ignatius Donnelly organized the Democratic and Alliance members into a caucus (known as the "Combine") with him as its leader. To the great surprise of Republicans, the caucus was able to topple all their nominations for officers of the Senate.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Aftermath
By custom, Lieutenant Governor Ives would each day pass the president's gavel to Republican Senator John B. Sanborn to serve as president pro tempore (i.e., temporary) of the Senate. The Combine never elected a president of their own, making Sanborn the de facto president of the Senate until the start of the 1895 session.


1890 Minnesota Senate election, Aftermath
The result in the 23rd District of Washington County was contested in late January of 1891. The originally certified results counted Republican Jasper N. Searles as the winner by 4 votes, but after a tabulation discrepancy was discovered in Marine Township, Democrat James S. O'Brien was awarded the seat by the Senate's vote of 32 to 21 on January 29, 1891. This expanded the Combine's majority to 29 over the Republicans' 25 seats.


1890 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1890 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1890. Republican Party of Minnesota incumbent William Rush Merriam defeated Democratic Party of Minnesota challenger Thomas Wilson and Farmers' Alliance candidate Sidney M. Owen.


1890 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1890 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as an independent during the 1890 college football season. In the school's first season of intercollegiate football, the team was led by head coach A. L. McRae and compiled a 2–1 record.


1890 Namoi colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Namoi on 31 July 1890 because of the death of Tom Dangar (Free Trade).


1890 Namoi colonial by-election, Candidates
Both men were supporters of the former member Tom Dangar.


1890 Nashville Garnet and Blue football team
The 1890 Nashville Garnet and Blue football team represented the University of Nashville during the 1890 college football season. The team played only one game, in Nashville, Tennessee, sending a challenge to Vanderbilt University. Vanderbilt played its first game, and won 40–0.


1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain
The 1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain was the first, and to date only, professional baseball championship for the national baseball title of Great Britain. The National League's headquarters were located at 38 Holborn Viaduct, London. Aston Villa were the National League champions, despite Derby Baseball Club leading the league for much of the season, following their contentious dismissal from the championship, mid-season. Aston Villa were officially known as Birmingham Baseball Club Limited, with their uniforms emblazoned with ‘Birmingham AV’ on the jersey, despite being officially part of the famous football club.


1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain
As a result, in some reports of the day, they were referred to as Birmingham. Preston Amateurs were the Amateur League champions, beating Birmingham Amateurs 43-15 and 42–7 in a best of three finals. A large number of leading football and cricket professionals of the era were involved, alongside American professional baseball players.


1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, Champions, National League final standings
Derby Baseball Club expelled from the National League championship mid-season, record expunged.


1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, Rosters, Preston North End
W. Livesey was a sprinter of some regional notoriety who played as a reserve for Preston North End, local rugby union and as a professional baseball player for Preston North End. He was killed in 1893.


1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, Rosters, Stoke
Edgar Montford was one of two footballing brothers who played for Stoke City in the era, Edgar was part of the Stoke City football squad of 1889-90 so it is assumed this was the brother who was a professional baseball player in the same year. Harry Montford had left Stoke City for Leek by 1890.


1890 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1890 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 5–1–1 record and outscored its opponents 204 to 49. The season featured the inaugural meeting in the Army–Navy Game, which ended in a 24–0 victory for Navy. After the victory, Navy cadets in Annapolis "fired twenty-four great guns, and then paraded the streets with horns." Charles Emrich was the Navy team captain in 1890.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team
The 1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1890 college football season. It was the Cornhuskers' first season. The team was unofficially coached by Langdon Frothingham, though his actual role is unclear. Nebraska played no home games.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team
Frothingham suffered a broken leg while participating in a practice scrimmage prior to NU's game against Doane. After spending just one year teaching at Nebraska, he was hired at the Veterinary College of Dresden, and later at Yale's Sheffield Scientific School, before returning to Boston to teach at Harvard from 1901 until his retirement in 1928.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team
Having won both games against the only other viable Nebraska-based teams, the Old Gold Knights claimed what amounted to a state championship.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Before the season
Nebraska fielded its first football team in 1890. Dr. Langdon Frothingham, a veterinary physician and graduate of Harvard who was hired in 1889 to teach physiology, agriculture, and bacteriology, coached the team, mainly because he had brought a football with him from the East Coast. It is unclear if Frothingham traveled with the team to either of their two games, but it is known that he broke his leg preparing with the team for their second game, which actually took place in February of 1891. If Frothingham did attend the game, he would have been on crutches, but it is possible he had already left the university to teach in Dresden by then.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA
The University of Nebraska fielded their first football team, at the time without an official name, against the Omaha YMCA, on November 27, 1890. Approximately 500 students from the Lincoln campus were in attendance, a significant contingent given the transportation options available for a 55-mile journey. Early American football games were divided into two halves instead of four quarters, with four-point touchdowns and two-point "field kicks" after touchdowns.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA
Omaha started the game with possession and drove 40 yards before fumbling to Nebraska. Nebraska failed to capitalize, coming as close as one yard from the end zone before a penalty meant the drive resulted in no points. Omaha's subsequent possession ended early when an attempt to kick the ball out of the end zone failed and the kicker was tackled for a safety by Charles Chandler and James Porterfield, marking Nebraska's first-ever points scored and putting them ahead 2–0. After several possession changes, Nebraska came close enough to try for a field goal. However, the play was executed as a drop-kick, and although it went through the uprights it was ruled as a punt by officials, and no points were awarded.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA
Nebraska soon after forced an Omaha fumble in their end zone, but Omaha recovered it to prevent the touchdown, instead suffering another safety which brought the scoreboard to 4–0 Nebraska. After a third safety early in the second half, Nebraska led 6–0. The teams traded several more scoreless possession until Nebraska's Albert Troyer broke through the line and scored a touchdown to put Nebraska up 10–0, and time expired soon afterward.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Omaha YMCA
The YMCA's team colors were white and red, a pairing that would eventually be adopted by Nebraska. A local newspaper mentioned a rematch game in Lincoln a few weeks later, but it was not played.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane
The Nebraska football team, now christened the "Old Gold" and eventually remembered as the "Old Gold Knights", played the second and final game of the program's first season against Doane College in Crete, Nebraska.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane
Nebraska's started the game with a 50-yard pass to Ebenezer Mockett, and a subsequent 25-yard touchdown run by Oliver. The field kick was good and Nebraska was ahead 6–0. Later in the half, Oliver scored another touchdown, but the field kick failed and Nebraska led 10–0. Just before halftime, Ebenezer Mockett rushed for another touchdown to put Nebraska up 14–0.


1890 Nebraska Old Gold Knights football team, Game summaries, Doane
Both teams struggled in the second half, resulting in numerous kicks and fumbles as the teams traded possession. Eventually, Doane's kicker dropped the ball in the endzone, and it was recovered by James Porterfield for another Nebraska touchdown. Again, the field kick failed, and the score remained 18–0 until time expired.


1890 New Brunswick general election
The 1890 New Brunswick general election was held on 20 January 1890, to elect 41 members to the 27th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.


1890 New Brunswick general election
The government of Andrew George Blair was able to remain in power with the support of Independent MLAs. Of forty-one MLAs, twenty-six supported the government, and fifteen formed the opposition.


1890 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1890 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Republican nominee Hiram A. Tuttle defeated Democratic nominee Charles H. Amsden with 49.26% of the vote.


1890 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1890 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India.


1890 New Year Honours
They were announced in The Times on 1 January 1890, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1890 and on 7 January 1890.


1890 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).


1890 New York Athletic Club football team
The 1890 New York Athletic Club football team was an American club football team that represented the New York Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1890 football season. The New York team played their home games at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan, New York.


1890 New York Giants (PL) season
The 1890 New York Giants baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 74–57 record, good for third place, eight games behind the league champion Boston Reds. After the season, the league folded, and the Giants were bought out by their National League counterpart. The Giants were the original tenants of the Polo Grounds stadium that afterwards was occupied by the National League's New York Giants for 66 years.


1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 New York Giants (PL) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 New York Giants season
The 1890 New York Giants season was the franchise's 8th season. The team finished in sixth place in the National League with a 63–68 record, 24 games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. They also had to contend with a new crosstown rival, the New York Giants of the Players' League.


1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 New York state election
The 1890 New York state election was held on November 4, 1890, to elect a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.


1890 New York state election, History
In 1890, there was only one state officer to be elected statewide: a judge of the Court of Appeals, to succeed Robert Earl whose fourteen-year term would expire at the end of the year.


1890 New York state election, History
The Republican State Committee met on September 2 at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City. The incumbent Democrat Robert Earl was nominated to succeed himself on the first ballot (vote: Earl 21, Daniel G. Rollins 3).


1890 New York state election, History
The Democratic State Committee met on September 23 at the Hoffman House in New York City. Edward Murphy Jr. was Chairman. The incumbent judge Robert Earl was re-nominated unanimously.


1890 New York state election, History
The Socialist Labor state convention met on September 25 at Clarendon House in New York City. Francis Gerau was nominated for the Court of Appeals.


1890 New York state election, Result
68 Democrats and 60 Republicans were elected for the session of 1891 to the New York State Assembly. The New York State Senate consisted of 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats.


1890 New Zealand general election
The New Zealand general election of 1890 was one of New Zealand's most significant. It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the Liberal Government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.


1890 New Zealand general election
It was also the first election in which there was no legal plural voting. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the 'country quota' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.


1890 New Zealand general election
Following the election and the resignation of the previous government headed by Harry Atkinson, John Ballance formed the first Liberal Party ministry, taking office on 24 January 1891. At this stage no formal party organisation existed, but the formation of the Liberal ministry signalled the end of the system by which governments were made up of a loose and unstable coalition of independent MPs and the beginning of the 'party system'.


1890 New Zealand general election, Electoral redistribution
In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time: Te Aroha, Halswell, Dunedin Suburbs, and Palmerston. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution: City of Auckland, City of Christchurch, City of Dunedin, City of Wellington, Ellesmere, Franklin, Geraldine, and Westland.


1890 New Zealand general election, Electoral redistribution
74 MPs were elected to the 11th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori electorates voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members. This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.


1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Party totals
Note that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.


1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary
Mackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).


1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary
The Māori vote, for the remaining four seats, was held on 27 November. Maori electorates did not have electoral rolls so their voting figures and percentages are not included above.


1890 New Zealand general election, Results, Electorate results
The following table shows the results of the 1890 general election. Six European members were returned unopposed.


1890 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1890 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Republican nominee Andrew H. Burke defeated Democratic nominee William N. Roach with 52.23% of the vote.


1890 North Donegal by-election
The North Donegal by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Donegal on 25 June 1890. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, James Edward O'Doherty of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, James Rochfort Maguire representing the Irish Parliamentary Party, who was elected unopposed.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election
The North Kilkenny by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Kilkenny on 22 December 1890. It arose as a result of the death of the sitting member, Edward Marum of the Irish Parliamentary Party.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, Background
In the period immediately before the by-election, the Irish Parliamentary Party entered a serious crisis. Its leader, Charles Stewart Parnell, had just been cited as co-respondent in a divorce case, which he had not contested, causing a scandal. A heated discussion in a committee room in Westminster showed many of the party MPs were opposed to Parnell continuing as leader; shortly afterwards, a majority left to found a new Anti- Parnellite group.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, Background
The by-election in North Kilkenny was the first opportunity to test the support for the two sides among Irish voters, who up to that point had been firmly united behind the Irish Parliamentary Party. The contest at North Kilkenny would turn out to be the first of three by-elections, representing, as Frank Callanan puts it, 'a staggered plebiscite on [Parnell's] leadership'.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The campaign
The candidate chosen to replace Marum was Sir John Pope Hennessy, a former colonial administrator who had been a Conservative MP for King's County, twenty years earlier. Hennessy at first expressed his support for Parnell. However, once the party at Westminster had split and Parnell had lost the support of the Catholic Bishops, he announced he would 'act with the majority of the Irish party and the support of the Irish prelates'. The Parnellites then selected Vincent Scully, a Tipperary landlord, as their candidate.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The campaign
For the campaign, the main objective of the Anti-Parnellites was to focus attention on the divorce issue and away from Parnell's appeal to national patriotism. They turned to ridicule to break the effect of their former leader's celebrated mystique. The main figure behind their campaign was Michael Davitt, who masterminded an intensive campaign that divided the constituency into 18 polling districts, sending MPs and priests to each to spread the message. A group of activists led by Davitt pursued Parnell on his canvass, confronting and harassing him. There was violence at some points, with Davitt being assaulted and Parnell having what he said was quicklime thrown in his eye.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The campaign
Early in the campaign there was considerable expectation that Parnell would succeed, but as time went on this view faded. Observers noted that while Parnell had the support of the business community and large farmers (as well as the landless labourers, who did not have a vote), the middle and small farmers generally opposed him. For the Parnellites, one major factor acting against them was the Church, with priests allowing after-Mass meetings and speaking on Anti- Parnellite platforms, although fear of an election petition prevented more active support. The only area where Parnell won a majority was the one where the local Parish priest supported him.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The Voting
Although there were 5,700 voters on the register, it was calculated that only about 4,600 were available on the day. Given the generally hostile attitude of the Catholic Church to Parnell's supporters, it was noted that the Anti- Parnellite, Hennessy, had a number of priests supporting him as personation agents in the polling booths, and others were seen outside the booths. Matters were sometimes tense:


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The Voting
As the votes were counted, it quickly became clear that Scully would lose, with estimates of the Anti- Parnellite majority ranging from around 500 to 1,200. The final result was near the top of the scale - Hennessy won 2,527 votes to Scully's 1,365 - a majority of 1,162.


1890 North Kilkenny by-election, The Aftermath
The result at North Kilkenny was a disaster for the Parnellite movement, not only because it showed strong public support for his opponents, but also because his behaviour - his speeches were seen as poor, self-pitying and ill-tempered, in comparison to his normal eloquence and reserve - undermined his political image. A major element in his success was the mystique of electoral invincibility, and that was now shattered.


1890 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1890 Northwestern Purple football team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 4–1–1 record. Only two of the seven games were intercollegiate games, a 22–6 victory over Beloit College on November 22, 1890, in Evanston, and a 22–10 victory over Wisconsin on November 27, 1890, in Milwaukee. The game against Wisconsin was the first between Northwestern and another of the teams that would later organize the Big Ten Conference.


1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash
The Norton Fitzwarren rail crash occurred on 11 November 1890, at Norton Fitzwarren station on the Great Western Railway, approximately two miles south-west of Taunton in Somerset. A special boat train carrying passengers from Plymouth to Paddington collided with a goods train that was being shunted on the main line. Ten passengers were killed, and eleven people (including the driver and fireman of the special train) were seriously injured. Another significant accident occurred at Norton Fitzwarren in 1940.


1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Sequence of events
The incident began at 12:36 am, when a down goods train from Bristol to Exeter, hauled by both a standard-gauge engine and a broad gauge pilot engine, arrived at Norton Fitzwarren to take on and put off stock. Another down goods train, which was not scheduled to stop at the station, was due at 1:17 am, and at 1:05 am the guard of the first goods train was told by the signalman to shunt his train clear of the down line, on to the up main, while the pilot engine was separately moved on to a branch line.


1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Sequence of events
After the fast goods train had passed, the signalman moved the pilot engine back to the down main line - while this movement was taking place, at 1:23 am, the up boat train was offered to the signalman by the preceding signal box. Forgetting that the slow goods train was still on the up main line, the signalman accepted the boat train, and cleared his signals for it. At 1:24 am, with full steam on at a speed estimated at 50 mph, the boat train passed the signal box and ran into the goods train. The driver and fireman of the goods train managed to jump clear before the accident, but were unable to give any signal in the short time they had. The guard of the boat train did not recall any braking before the impact.


1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Causes
The immediate cause of the accident was that the signalman had forgotten that the goods train was still on the main line after being shunted and allowed the boat train into his section with the line obstructed.


1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Causes
The Board of Trade enquiry ruled that a contributory factor was the premature change of the goods train's headlamp from red to green; it was possible that the driver of the boat train would have noticed a red lamp ahead of him in time to apply his brakes. Another contributory factor was the failure of the guard of the goods train to notify the signalman of the presence of his train on the main line, as required by the rules of the company.


1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash, Causes
Following the inquest, twelve refuge sidings were built between Exeter and Weston.


1890 Nova Scotia general election
The 1890 Nova Scotia general election was held from 14 May to 21 May 1890 to elect members of the 30th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was the first football team fielded by the Ohio State University. It was two distinct teams: one that played a game that spring, and another that played that fall, with a new coach, a new captain, and a significant turnover of team members.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Spring team
The organizer and captain of the Ohio State was senior Jesse Lee Jones. Through schoolmate George Cole, Jones ordered a rule book and new ball from the Spalding company in Chicago. Jones played on the team at center. The team did not yet have a coach.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Spring team
The spring team played their first and only game on May 3, against Ohio Wesleyan. The game had to be played on the campus of Ohio Wesleyan because, at that time, the OWU faculty did not permit their students to play any intercollegiate games off-campus. Ohio State won that game 20–14. In 2008, the Delaware County Historical Society set an historical marker on the site of the game.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Spring team
The right tackle on the spring team was Herbert Johnston, later the inventor of the electric mixer.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team
After the graduation of Jesse Lee Jones, right guard Paul Lincoln took over as captain and as center. That fall George Cole invited Alexander S. Lilley to serve as coach of the team. Some sources claim that Lilley had also been coach during the spring game, but on May 3, 1890, Lilley had still been 500 miles away at Princeton.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team
The fall team lost the three intercollegiate games on their schedule, including a 64–0 home defeat to Wooster, as well as an exhibition game against the Dayton Athletic Club. They played their home games at Recreation Park, the site of which now contains an historical marker.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team
Frederick Douglas Patterson (1871-1932), the first African American player in history of the Ohio State football program, was a member of the fall team. He scored a touchdown in that year's Kenyon game.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team
Other players on the team were co captains Jesse L Jones and Paul Martyn Lincoln (1870-1944), Hamilton Hutchinson Richardson (1869-1960), Herbert Lincoln Johnston (1869-1938), David Silson Hegler (1869-1959), Hiram Edgar Rutan (1869-1940), W.S. Scott, C.C. Schaeffer, Walter A Landacre (1869-1956), Joseph H Large, Frank W. Rane, Richard T.B. Ellis, Charles Bradfield Morrey (1869-1954), A.P. Bronson, H Beatty, H. J. Whitacre, Romeo Orpheus Keiser (1870-1916), John Buchanan (Jack) Huggins (1871-1901), Charles William Foulk (1869-1958), Walter H. Miller, Arthur H. Kennedy and Edward D. Martin.


1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Fall team
Sources-- Life dates from find a grave and your source #3 provides the names.


1890 Ontario general election
The 1890 Ontario general election was the seventh general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 5, 1890, to elect the 91 Members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").


1890 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a sixth consecutive term in government, despite losing a small number of  seats in the Legislature.


1890 Ontario general election
The Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith won two additional seats.


1890 Ontario general election
This election was held under the Limited Vote system wherein Toronto voters had two votes for the three MPPs in their districts. This allowed a degree of minority representation.


1890 Open Championship
The 1890 Open Championship was the 30th Open Championship, held 11 September at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. John Ball won the Championship, three strokes ahead of Willie Fernie and Archie Simpson. Ball was both the first Englishman to win the Open and the first amateur to win it.


1890 Open Championship
Andrew Kirkaldy had the lead after the morning round with an 81. He was followed by his brother Hugh Kirkaldy and Ball on 82. These were the only players better than 85. Ball was playing with Willie Campbell who had a disappointing 86 to trail Ball by four strokes. Fernie was one of the early finishers in the afternoon and came back with a total of 167. Willie Park Jr. had an excellent 80 but was out of contention after a terrible start to his morning round.


1890 Open Championship
Hugh Kirkaldy was playing with Simpson. While Kirkaldy faded after a 91, Simpson matched Fernie with his total of 167. Andrew Kirkaldy was in the next group but, like his brother, had a poor second round. Ball and Campbell were the next group, the last of the contenders. Initially Campbell matched Ball in the second round but after taking eight at the 9th he lost another shot to Ball at the 10th and, after topping his drive at the 11th, he tore up his card. Ball continued playing steadily and it became known that he needed 20 for the last four holes to win. Finishing 5-4-5-4 he won eventually by three strokes. He had completed each nine holes in exactly 41.


1890 Orange Athletic Club football team
The 1890 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1890 football season. The Orange team played its home games in East Orange, New Jersey, and compiled a 5–4–1 record (3–1 against AFU opponents).


1890 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 1890 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 2, 1890 to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched Republican businessman and former Portland mayor David P. Thompson against Democratic incumbent Sylvester Pennoyer.


1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season
The 1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's fifth season of play. Although the club was based at the Rideau Skating Rink, it played only two games against outside teams and did not participate in championship play.


1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Team business
P. D. Ross was named team president, and Frank Jenkins, again the captain. The Club became affiliated with the new Ottawa Amateur Athletic Club and adopted the red, black and white colours of the Association, and adopted the Club's triskelion logo. The uniform was not yet the 'barber pole' design, but a white jersey with black trim and the Club logo, white knee breeches and black stockings.


1890 Ottawa Hockey Club season, Season
The Club played an exhibition game against the Montreal Victorias at the Rideau Rink (a 3–1 loss on February 25), in conjunction with the Canadian skating championships. The 'seconds' played five games, four against Ottawa College, now the second ice hockey team in town.


1890 Partick by-election
The Partick by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held in Scotland on 11 February 1890 for the British House of Commons constituency of Partick. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) Alexander Craig Sellar, who had held the seat since the 1885 general election. He had been elected as a Liberal in 1885, but joined the breakaway Liberal Unionists in 1886, and was re-elected at the election of 1886 as a Liberal Unionist.


1890 Partick by-election, Result
The seat was held for the Liberal Unionists by James Parker Smith;


1890 Penn Quakers football team
The 1890 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1890 college football season. The Quakers finished with an 11–3 record in their third year under head coach E. O. Wagenhorst. Significant games included victories over Rutgers (16–4 and 20–12), Penn State (20–0), and Lehigh (8–0 and 17–14), and losses to Princeton (6–0) and Yale (60–0). The 1890 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 259 to 134. No Penn players were honored on the 1890 College Football All-America Team.


1890 Penn State football team
The 1890 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania.


1890 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1890 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 4, 1890. Democratic candidate and former Governor Robert E. Pattison defeated Republican candidate George W. Delamater to become Governor of Pennsylvania. As of the  2020 presidential election, this is the last presidential, gubernatorial, or senatorial election in Pennsylvania where the Democratic candidate won the state without carrying Allegheny County.


1890 Peruvian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Peru on 13 April 1890. The result was a victory for Remigio Morales Bermúdez of the Constitutional Party, who received 68% of the vote.


1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season
The 1890 Philadelphia Athletics (alternately known as the Quakers) baseball team was a member of the short lived Players' League. They compiled a 68–63 record and finished in fifth place in the league. After the season, the league folded, and the Athletics were admitted into the American Association as a replacement for the AA version of the Philadelphia Athletics, a team expelled after the 1890 season.


1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Philadelphia Athletics (PL) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1890 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 54–78 record and finished in eighth place in the   American Association. During the season, the team struggled financially and wound up selling or releasing most of their players. They were able to finish the season with a pickup team and were subsequently expelled from the league following the season. They were replaced by a new Philadelphia Athletics team that had played in the Players' League the previous season.


1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; 2B = doubles; 3B = triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; 2B = doubles; 3B = triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season
The 1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the ninth season for the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise. The team finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 23–113, 66.5 games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. This was the final season for the team with the name "Alleghenys", as the team changed their name to the Pittsburgh Pirates the next season. They have had this name ever since.


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season
For all intents and purposes, the Alleghenys' season ended when most of their stars defected to the Pittsburgh Burghers of the Players' League. With a decimated roster, the Alleghenys made a wretched showing. The 113 losses by the Alleghenys set a new major league record, breaking the old record of 111 set the previous year by the Louisville Colonels. The record would stand until 1899, when the Cleveland Spiders lost 134 games, the all-time record.


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season
Poor attendances meant that they played 97 of their 136 games on the road, finishing with a road record of 9-88 (the 88 losses remained a record until 1899, and is unreachable under current MLB scheduling rules, which allow a maximum of 81 road games). Their .093 road winning percentage is the lowest in MLB history for a minimum of 60 games. This would be the last time the Pittsburgh franchise reached the century mark in the loss column until 1917, when the team was known as the Pittsburgh Pirates.


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season
The 1890 Pittsburgh Burghers baseball team was a member of the short-lived Players' League. They compiled a 60–68 record, good for sixth place. After the season, the league folded, and the Burghers were bought out by their National League counterpart.


1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Pittsburgh Burghers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 30 March 1890. The result was a victory for the Regeneration Party, which won 115 seats.


1890 Portuguese legislative election, Results
The results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.


1890 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1890 Prince Edward Island election was held on 10 August 1890 to elect members of the House of Assembly of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. This was the only election to produce a minority government for Prince Edward Island, until 2019


1890 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1890 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1890 college football season. The team finished with an 11–1–1 record. The Tigers recorded nine shutouts and outscored opponents by a combined total of 478 to 58. The team's only loss was by a 32–0 score against Yale and they tied the Orange Athletic Club 0–0.


1890 Princeton Tigers football team
Three Princeton players, fullback Sheppard Homans, Jr., end Ralph Warren, and guard Jesse Riggs, were consensus first-team honorees on the 1890 College Football All-America Team. In 1952, Grantland Rice paid tribute to Homans as the embodiment of the rough and tumble days of iron man football. Rice wrote: "Just as Ty Cobb represents the ball game of many years ago, this man represented the football that used to be."


1890 Princeton Tigers football team
The 115–0 defeat of Virginia is often marked as the beginning of major college football's arrival in the South.


1890 Purdue football team
The 1890 Purdue football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 3–3 record in the university's third season fielding an intercollegiate football team. Clinton L. Hare, a Yale alumnus who had been the coach of the Butler football teams that handed Purdue its sole losses in 1887 and 1889, was hired as Purdue's football coach in 1890. On November 1, 1890, Purdue lost to Michigan, 34–6, in the first football game between two teams that would later become members of the Big Ten Conference. Three weeks after losing to Michigan, Purdue defeated Illinois, 62–0. The team concluded its 1890 season with a loss to Butler, leaving Purdue 0–3 in three games against Butler football teams since 1887.


1890 Quebec general election
The 1890 Quebec general election was held on June 17, 1890, to elect members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party Parti national coalition led by Honoré Mercier, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Louis-Olivier Taillon.


1890 Quebec general election
A scandal and charges of corruption cut short Mercier's term of office. He was later cleared of all charges, but his political career was ended.


1890 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1890 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 2, 1890. Democratic nominee John W. Davis defeated incumbent Republican Herbert W. Ladd with 48.76% of the vote.


1890 Richmond Colts football team
The 1890 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team went winless and was coached by University of Richmond alumnus C. T. Taylor.


1890 Rochester Broncos season
The 1890 Rochester Broncos season was the team's only season in Major League Baseball. In 1889, the team had played in the minor league International Association as the Rochester Jingoes. The Broncos went 63–63 during the season and finished 5th in the American Association. They went 40–22 at home, but 23–41 on the road. After the season, the team returned to the minor leagues, moving to the Eastern Association as the Rochester Hop Bitters.


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Regular season
Harry Lyons led the league in at bats and in outs. Sandy Griffin was tied for 4th in the league in doubles. Jimmy Knowles was 4th in RBIs. Ted Scheffler was 2nd in stolen bases, 4th in hit by pitches, and tied for 4th in bases on balls.


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Regular season
Bob Barr was 1st in the league in walks issued and tied for 1st in games lost. Barr was 2nd in the league in games pitched, games started, complete games, batters faced, hits allowed, earned runs, and innings pitched. He was 4th in wins and in wild pitches. He was 5th in strikeouts and tied for 5th in shutouts.


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Regular season
The team had the third best ERA in the league. At 17, Harvey Blauvelt was the league's youngest player.


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Rochester Broncos season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1890 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1890 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 5–5–1 record and outscored their opponents, 222 to 147. The team had no coach, and its captain for the second consecutive year was James Bishop, Jr.


1890 SAFA season
The 1890 South Australian Football Association season was the 14th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1890 SAFA season
The Gawler Football Club withdrew at the end of the season and formed its own local competition, the predecessor of the current Barossa Light and Gawler Football Association.


1890 SAFA season, Premiership Matches, Round 8, Intercolonial Matches
On the weekends of July 5 and July 12 intercolonial matches were held and SAFA premiership matches suspended.


1890 South Australian colonial election
Colonial elections were held in South Australia from 9 April to 23 April 1890. All 54 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent government led by Premier of South Australia John Cockburn defeated the opposition led by Leader of the Opposition Thomas Playford II. Each district elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes.


1890 South Australian colonial election
Since the inaugural 1857 election, no parties or solid groupings had been formed, which resulted in frequent changes of the Premier. If for any reason the incumbent Premier lost sufficient support through a successful motion of no confidence at any time on the floor of the house, he would tender his resignation to the Governor of South Australia, which would result in interested members declaring their intent to run for the vacant position. A parliamentary ballot would then take place, resulting in the member with the most votes being sworn in by the Governor as the next Premier.


1890 South Australian colonial election
However, from the 1887 election there began a growing informal division between groups of members who were loosely described as ‘conservative’ and ‘radical’ by the press. The ‘conservatives’ found their leaders in John Cox Bray and John William Downer, while the ‘radicals’ were led by John Colton, Thomas Playford and John Cockburn. The leaders often contested government against their reported allies in loose alliances, producing an element of political ‘structure’ which began to see a trend emerge toward increased government stability. The United Labor Party would be formed in 1891, while the National Defence League would be formed later in the same year.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Ben Tillman was nominated by the Democrats and easily won the general election against A.C. Haskell to become the 84th governor of South Carolina.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Farmers' Association Convention
In January 1890, the Shell Manifesto was released by the Farmers' Association and it denounced the current Conservative Democratic state government while calling for a convention to be held in March. It was signed by the President of the Farmers' Association, George Washington Shell, but it was written by Ben Tillman who sought to manipulate the Association into supporting his candidacy for governor. The manifesto called for the nomination of candidates for statewide office, with the intent of giving Tillman an early advantage over his Conservative Democrat rivals.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Farmers' Association Convention
The Farmers' Association convened in Columbia on March 27 and immediately a call was made by W. Jasper Talbert to vote on proceeding with nominations for the statewide ticket. However, the tally from the delegates was 116 votes against nominations and 115 for nominations. Nevertheless, Talbert turned a one-vote defeat into a six-vote victory by switching votes of delegates without their consent and allowing votes of an unseated delegation from Beaufort County. The official vote to proceed with nominations stood at 120 to 114 and Talbert then simply announced the nomination of Tillman for governor without even obtaining a vote from the delegation.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats
The Conservatives and the state press condemned the Farmers' Association for trying to disrupt the unity of the state Democratic party. In addition, they stressed that if the Farmers' Associations candidates failed to achieve nomination at the Democratic convention, then their cause would lose all relevancy. Furthermore, the News and Courier conducted a straw poll of over a thousand residents in the state and released the results showing that John Calhoun Sheppard was the most favored candidate for governor, followed by Johnson Hagood and in third was Ben Tillman.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats
An anti-Tillman farmers convention was organized by the Conservatives and held in Columbia on April 23. Politics remained out of the public discourse at the conference, but discussions were ongoing in private to determine and select the man best to oppose Tillman for governor at the Democratic convention. In the end, they settled on John Bratton because he was a farmer and not a career politician. Many Conservatives disapproved of the choice of Bratton and instead favored either former Governor James L. Orr or Joseph H. Earle. The lack of unity on the part of the Conservatives was troubling as they were facing a formidable opponent in Tillman, who had unified most of the farmers behind his candidacy and was steadily gaining strength in the state.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats
Aware that Tillman was winning control of the Democratic party organization, the Conservatives pressed for a primary election to select delegates to the state nominating convention. Tillman had long called for primary elections, but he refused to endorse it when he sensed that he had greater strength in the county organization. The Executive Committee of the state Democratic Party called for a state convention in August to consider it nonetheless.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Conservative Democrats
On July 10, a conference of straightout Democrats led by A.C. Haskell was held in Columbia to discuss a possible primary and how best to defeat Tillman. Among those attending, were Wade Hampton and other leaders of the Democratic Party who had redeemed the state from Radical Republican rule in 1876. A call was issued for the formation of new Democratic clubs in the counties because Tillman's forces had so thoroughly taken over control of the county party machinery. However, despite the best efforts of the Conservatives, they were too late in the game and failed to generate enough support in order to block the election of delegates for Tillman.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Democratic Conventions
At the August 13 convention called by the state Democratic Executive Committee to consider primary elections, the assembled delegates installed Tillmanites in leadership positions and soundly defeated calls for a primary election. A month later at the nominating convention on September 15, Tillman's supporters had an even greater majority than the preceding convention and Tillman was selected as the governor without opposition.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Straightout Democrats
Many Democrats resigned to their fate and accepted the choice of Tillman, but a few hardcore Conservatives bolted from the convention to form a Straightout Democrat ticket. They met on October 9 in Columbia and nominated A.C. Haskell as their choice for governor along with a full statewide ticket. The delegates wore red shirts to evoke memories of the Straightout Democrat victory in the 1876 gubernatorial election.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic Campaign, Straightout Democrats
Most of the newspapers in the state disagreed with the decision of the Conservatives to adopt a separate statewide ticket and even Wade Hampton refused to vote for the Straightout ticket. Haskell tried to gain the support of black voters, but they rebuffed his advances because of his harsh methods he used against the blacks in the 1876 campaign. The state Republican party decided to endorse Haskell because Tillman wanted to disfranchise the black voters of the state.


1890 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election
The general election was held on November 4, 1890 and Ben Tillman was elected as governor of South Carolina, only losing the counties of Beaufort and Berkeley to Haskell. Turnout increased for this election over the previous election because it was the first contested general election for governor since the gubernatorial election of 1882.


1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890. Incumbent Republican Governor Arthur C. Mellette ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged in the general election by State Surveyor General Maris Taylor, the Democratic nominee, and Henry A. Loucks, the President of the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance and the Independent Party nominee. In part because the left-leaning vote was split, Mellette won re-election, but by a significantly reduced margin, winning a weak plurality with just 44% of the vote. Loucks beat out Maris for second place, receiving 32% of the vote to Taylor's 24%.


1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Party conventions
At the Democratic convention in June 1890, many convention delegates wanted to nominate Bartlett Tripp, the former Chief Justice of the Dakota Territorial Supreme Court. However, Tripp had declined to be a candidate several weeks prior, and State Surveyor General Maris Taylor was nominated by acclamation. Similarly, at the Republican convention in August, Governor Arthur C. Mellette received the gubernatorial nomination by acclamation.


1890 South Dakota gubernatorial election, Party conventions
Separately, the South Dakota Farmers' Alliance held a convention in 1890 and delegates voted to form the Independent Party and to contest the state elections. When the delegates reconvened at their nominating convention in July, Henry L. Loucks, the President of the Alliance, who had been seen as the frontrunner for the Independent Party's nomination in June, faced a challenge from Abraham Lincoln Van Osdel, a former territorial legislator. A close race developed between Loucks and Van Osdel, with just two votes separating them on the first, informal ballot and Loucks leading, 127–125. On the second, formal ballot, Loucks defeated Van Osdel by a wider margin, 134–115, and Van Osdel was subsequently nominated for Lieutenant Governor.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season
The 1890 Southern Rugby Football Union season was the 17th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the first competition for the new Agricultural Society Challenge Cup which was awarded to the winners of the premiership. The football season lasted from May to August. For the fourth season in succession, the Sydney University Football Club were declared premiers with the club remaining undefeated.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams
The Agricultural Society Challenge Cup continued to be open to all members of the Southern Rugby Football Union. Also continuing alongside was the Junior Badges for those clubs who chose not to enter the senior competition, and the Union Badges for all remaining clubs and second fifteens of senior or junior clubs. When entries closed on 3 May, 11 teams had entered the senior competition, 11 teams had also entered the Junior Badges and 21 teams had entered the Union Badges.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Teams
New to the senior competition in 1890 was the Sydney club. The club had been formed at the beginning of the season with some people expecting them to "lick" the other teams and come out on top of the table. Out of the four teams that dropped out of the premiership for the new season, only Double Bay survived, deciding to enter the Junior Badges instead. While Strathfield Rovers failed to last the season in 1889, both Newtown and Cammeray folded at the beginning of the current season.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
With representative games interfering with the calendar drawn up for the past seasons, a dedicated finals system had not been in place since 1887. For the new season, the Union decided upon the inclusion of a top-4 finals system. After the closing date for entries into the three badge competitions, the Union drew up the seasons games for the weekend between 31 May and 16 August. It was decided that the teams would be ranked according to points with wins worth 4 points and draws 2 points. Byes were counted as wins.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
In the event of a tie, teams would be ranked first by points against then points scored. The Union decreed that all games played at Moore Park would begin at 3:00pm with games at suburban grounds beginning at 3:15pm. In addition, games would now consist of two halves of no more than 40 minutes with one umpire decided upon by the teams. With a visiting Queensland team playing two matches in July and a Metropolitan-Western Districts game also played that month, it was decided that all club matches would be postponed until the completion of these representative games.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
For the coming season, the Agricultural Society of NSW offered a challenge cup to be competed for by the senior clubs. One condition of the offer was that the cup become the property of the club who held the cup for three seasons. They also offered a cheque for purchase of five honour caps to be awarded to the most deserving players of the club that was awarded the cup. The society also requested that all games be played  on their ground. The society requested the right to approve the rules and code for the competition. This offer was accepted by the Union with an alteration that not all matches would be played on the Agricultural Ground.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
The 1890 season was seen as one of the most interesting in recent time. It was believed that due to the presence of competitions for the clubs on three levels, that the state of play had improved with much of the unnecessary roughness stamped out. Crowd interest was increasing with much excitement towards the outcome of the contests. Unfortunately the weather for the matches played during June and July was awful. Rain caused some games to be postponed due to the unsatisfactory state of the grounds and the conditions. As a result, some of the matches were played during mid-week or when the representative matches were being played. However, the same poor weather conditions also interfered with those games as well.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
Once again, Sydney University A emerged from the season undefeated and rightful premiers. Throughout the season they displayed themselves to be excellent proponents of the game. Their supremacy over their rivals was seen to be due to their thorough knowledge of the scientific parts of the game. They made a science of passing, an important feature of the game. At the beginning of the season JAK Shaw, the captain of the previous three seasons, retired from football. The club also lost the services of point-scoring master, Paddy Flynn who left the Sydney area. Despite these losses, the team performed unselfishly making it hard to point out individual performances. Percy Colquhoun, Harry Abbott, the Belbridge brothers and Leo Neill were the chief scorers.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
For the second year running, Strathfield were runners-up to the Varsity. During the regular games, the club lost only against University A and Sydney. In the semi final against Parramatta, they easily defeated their opponents to progress to the final. Up until this point the club were considered to be equal to the Varsity in performance. However the final saw the eventual premiers walk over Strathfield to win the match by a large margin. Strathfield's poor performance in the final was disappointing. Robert Lusk, Henry Braddon and Harry Moses played consistently well for the entire season.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
The Parramatta Football Club performed well to see themselves in a high position amongst the other senior clubs. The club was in its second year of existence and boasted one of the lightest packs in the competition. Playing a fast and effective game, Parramatta displayed great stamina. The team were only beaten once by the Varsity and played two draws against Arfoma and Sydney.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
Though not as successful as prior seasons, the Arfoma Football Club played well enough to find themselves in the semi finals. A number of new players were enlisted at the beginning of the season resulting in the overall performance of the team falling short of previous form. Despite this, the Arfoma were only defeated by University A and Strathfield.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals
For the second time in history, and the first time in three years, a final series was included in the competition. At the conclusion of the main round of games, the teams were ranked according to the number of points they had earnt. The top four teams progressed to the semi finals on the 23 August, with the winners of both matches progressing to the final on 30 August. The semi finals were decided by ballot with both games scheduled to play at the Agricultural Society Ground.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals
The largest crowd recorded at a football match was present at the ground for the two semi final clashes. The Arfoma-University game held the most interest, with many hoping for the Varsity to experience defeat. After initially leading the match, Arfoma became demoralised when Sydney University increased their efforts. The final score saw the Varsity win 13 points to 3. The second match saw Strathfield defeat Parramatta 18 points to 4. After this result, some were predicting that Strathfield would give University a lot of trouble in the final.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 30 August
The final match for the inaugural Agricultural Society Challenge Cup was played on 30 August between Sydney University A and Strathfield. Approximately 4000 to 5000 people were in attendance to watch the contest with many predicting Strathfield to cause trouble for the undefeated Varsity. After a short delay, the game began and it wasn't too long before Strathfield scored through the efforts of Harry Moses. University raised their efforts and confined play for a while at the Strathfield end where two unanswered tries were scored.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Finals, Final, 30 August
At halftime, the score showed the Varsity leading 8 points to 3. Immediately play began again with no half time rest taken. University maintained their onslaught upon the Strathfield line. The second half was almost entirely one sided with University scoring freely. The Varsity added 5 tries and a goal from the field to lift the score to 31 points to 3. In the last moments of the match Lusk bolted away and scored for Strathfield to bring their final score to 6 points. The final score was a surprise to most in attendance. As was usual, the Varsity players worked together like machinery displaying excellent passing. Percy Colquhoun scored 16 points during the game. Strathfield fumbled the ball and played a messy game. With this win the University maintained their four year unbeaten run in the Sydney Rugby Premiership.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges
For the new season, the Junior Badges followed much of the same format as the senior competition. This was the fourth time that a competition was held for the Junior clubs. After entries closed, the eleven teams were included in a draw that covered the same period as the seniors. Teams were ranked according to points with the top four progressing to the semi finals. For the competition, fifteen silver medals were offered by Mr AJ Torning to be awarded to the winners of the junior final.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges
At the conclusion of the regular rounds, Wentworth finished at the top of the table with the Pirates, Eurotah and Oxford qualifying for the semi finals. Both the Pirates and Wentworth won their respective matches to proceed to the final for the Junior Badges. The final saw one of the most exciting and fiercely contest matches on the Agricultural Ground with both teams of equal footing. Wentworth won the match 4 points to 3 to awarded the Junior Badges.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Badges
Season 1890 saw the third competition for the Union Badges. As per previous seasons, clubs that chose not to participate in the Senior or Junior competitions and second teams for other clubs could participate. Any player who played in three or more games in the higher badges were not eligible to play in the Union Badges. Despite having 21 teams involved in the competition, the draw saw matches play the same span of weekends as the Senior Badges.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Union Badges
When the regular games were completed, Glebe finished at the top of the table with Fort Street College, University 3rd and Clifton qualifying for the semi finals. In the semi finals Fort Street College easily defeated Clifton to proceed to the final. Glebe drew with University 3rd in the second semi final. A replay match was organised midweek which was won by Glebe. From the moment that the final began, it was clear that Fort Street were completely outclassed. Glebe defeated Fort Street 26 points to nil to win the badges.


1890 Southern Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches
The month of July saw two Intercolonial Matches played between New South Wales and Queensland on the Association Cricket Ground. The first match, played under fine weather, saw a bit of a one-sided affair. In front of a healthy crowd, the local team defeated the visitors 15 points to 3. The second match only a week later saw disagreeable weather with rain falling almost until the beginning of the match. After almost being called off, the game went ahead with a healthy crowd. The contest was a tight affair with both teams playing a fast a skilful game. Both teams failed to score in the wet a slippery conditions with the match ending in a draw.


1890 St. Louis Browns season
The 1890 St. Louis Browns season was the team's ninth season in St. Louis, Missouri and its ninth season in the American Association. The Browns went 78–58 during the season and finished third in the American Association.


1890 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Sutherland County Council election
The first elections to Sutherland County Council were held in February 1890 as part of the wider 1890 local elections. County councils had been created in Scotland by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, following on from the Local Government Act 1888 which had created them in England and Wales.


1890 Sutherland County Council election
The election took place at a time of great change in Sutherland. The Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886 had established the first Crofters Commission, which acted as a land court which ruled on disputes between landlords and crofters. The largest land owner in the county was the Duke of Sutherland, who owned the Sutherland estate, comprising most of the county.


1890 Sutherland County Council election
To ensure the Duke's interest was represented on the new council all of the Sutherlands estates factors stood for election, along with James Gordon; the Assynt sub-factor. The estate anticipated defeat in the election having lost control of School and Poor boards in the early 1880s. Ultimately only Donald MacLean won a seat on behalf of the Sutherland interest. Despite having been anticipated, the estate was shocked by the scale of their loss, which they blamed on local land leaguers, merchants, ministers, and school teachers, as well as the fact that the vote was no longer secret. Evander McIver, a Lewis-man and factor for Scourie, complained that the new council was "formed of Radicals, Land Leaguers, and troublesome Clericals!"


1890 Sutherland County Council election
MacLean, with the Dukes consent, stepped down before the elections in 1892 after complaining his presence was a waste of time as he was supported by no other members, and there was little prospect of additional representatives for the estate being returned.


1890 Sutherland County Council election, Council results
In addition to the elected members the council also included Bailie Gunn, representing the burgh of Dornoch. The ex-officio members were the Duke of Sutherland, Lord Stafford, Sheriff Mackenzie, and a Mr Barclay of Skelbo.


1890 Swansea County Borough Council election
The annual election to Swansea County Borough Council took place in November 1890. It was followed by the 1891 election. Only three of the wards were contested.


1890 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden in 1890. Pro -free trade candidates received a majority of the vote. Gustaf Åkerhielm remained Prime Minister.


1890 Swedish general election, Campaign
The Free Traders and the Swedish Social Democratic Party ran joint lists in some constituencies.


1890 Swedish general election, Results
Only 22.8% of the male population aged over 21 was eligible to vote. Voter turnout was 38.5%.


1890 Swiss federal election
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 26 October 1890. The Radical Left narrowly retained its majority in the National Council.


1890 Swiss federal election, Electoral system
The 147 members of the National Council were elected in 52 single- and multi-member constituencies using a three-round system. Candidates had to receive a majority in the first or second round to be elected; if it went to a third round, only a plurality was required. Voters could cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency. There was one seat for every 20,000 citizens, with seats allocated to cantons in proportion to their population.


1890 Swiss federal election, Electoral system
The elections were held under the new Federal law concerning the elections of National Council members passed on 20 June 1890. Following the 1888 census (which had been brought forward from 1890 in order to redraw the constituencies prior to the elections) the number of seats was increased from 145 to 147, whilst the number of constituencies was increased from 49 to 52; Basel-Stadt, St. Gallen and Zürich all gained one seat, whilst Ticino lost a seat.


1890 Swiss federal election, Results, National Council, Summary
Voter turnout was highest in Schaffhausen (where voting was compulsory) at 94.3% and lowest in Schwyz at 35.6%.


1890 Swiss insurance referendum
A referendum on accident and health insurance was held in Switzerland on 2 October 1890. Voters were asked whether they approved of a federal resolution on amending the constitution with regards to accident and health insurance. It was approved by a majority of voters and cantons.


1890 Swiss insurance referendum, Background
The referendum was a mandatory referendum, which as it pertained to the constitution, required both a majority of voters and cantons, as opposed to an optional referendum, which required only a majority of the public vote.


1890 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1890 Syracuse Orangemen football team was an American football team that represented Syracuse University during the 1890 college football season. In their first season under head coach Robert Winston, the Orangemen compiled a 7–4 record.


1890 Syracuse Stars season
The 1890 Syracuse Stars baseball team finished with a 55–72 record, seventh place in the American Association during their only season in Major League baseball. They had previously played in the International Association in 1888 and 1889.


1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Syracuse Stars season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1890.


1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Robert Love Taylor did not seek re-election.


1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election
Democratic nominee John P. Buchanan defeated Republican nominee Lewis T. Baxter and Prohibition nominee D. C. Kelley with 56.57% of the vote.


1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination
The Democratic convention was held on July 15 to 18 at Nashville. John P. Buchanan was nominated by acclamation on the twenty-sixth ballot.


1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination, Results
Partial results of the balloting were as follows (excluding fractions).


1890 Tennessee gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination
The Republican convention was held on July 30 at Nashville. Lewis T. Baxter was nominated by acclamation.


1890 Timaru by-election
The 1890 Timaru by-election was a by-election held on 18 August 1890 during the 10th New Zealand Parliament in the seat of Timaru, a partly urban seat in Canterbury on the East Coast of the South Island.


1890 Timaru by-election, Background
The by-election was triggered because of the death of sitting member of parliament Richard Turnbull. The election saw William Hall-Jones win the seat over his main opponent, Edward George Kerr.


1890 Timaru by-election, Background
Kerr had contested the 1887 election against Turnbull, and was the proprietor of The Timaru Herald. Hall-Jones had initially refused nomination citing crucial upcoming business interests. However, several locals persisted and Hall-Jones eventually accepted. Hall-Jones, Kerr and W F Alpin were nominated, and after a show of hands went in favour of Hall-Jones a poll was demanded by the supporters of Kerr and Alpin.


1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
Toomevara won the championship. It was their first championship title.


1890 Toledo Maumees season
The 1890 Toledo Maumees baseball team finished with a 68–64 record, good for fourth place in the American Association during their only season in existence.


1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Toledo Maumees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1890 Trinity Blue and White football team
The 1890 Trinity Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team compiled a 0–1 record. The team had no coach; Robert L. Durham was the team captain.


1890 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
List of champions of the 1890 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open). The men's singles and doubles competitions were held from 18 August to 27 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's singles and doubles competitions were held from 10 June to 13 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, PA. It was the 10th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.


1890 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Valentine Hall /  Clarence Hobart defeated  Charles Carver /  John Ryerson 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 2–6, 6–3


1890 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Grace Roosevelt /  Ellen Roosevelt defeated  Bertha Townsend /  Margarette Ballard 6–1, 6–2


1890 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Oliver Campbell defeated last year's champion Henry Slocum 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the challenge round to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1890 U.S. National Championships. This was the first of three titles for Campbell.


1890 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Ellen Roosevelt won the singles tennis title by defeating reigning champion Bertha Townsend 6–2, 6–2 in the Challenge Round of the 1890 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship in front of a crowd of nearly 2,000 people. Roosevelt had won the right to challenge Townsend by defeating Lida Voorhees 6–3, 6–1 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 10 through June 13, 1890.


1890 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
There were two United States House of Representatives elections in Wyoming in 1890, both held on September 11, 1890. Republican lawyer Clarence D. Clark defeated Democratic George T. Beck with 58.22% of the vote and became the first person to represent Wyoming in the House of Representatives.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1890 for members of the 52nd Congress, taking place in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections
A stagnant economy which became worse after the Panic of 1890, combined with a lack of support for then Representative William McKinley's (defeated in the election) steep tariff act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the Democratic Party and presaging Harrison's defeat in the 1892 United States presidential election. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections
Furthermore, aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections
Bitterly divisive struggles over temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections
This election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
The previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party representative in Arkansas.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates
In 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early:


1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Early election dates
Idaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Idaho
There were two elections to the new state of Idaho.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio
The Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections, Wyoming
Republican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891).


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1890 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1890. Republicans picked up one Democratic-held district.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Florida for the 52nd Congress were held November 4, 1890.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Background
At the time of the 1890 election, Florida had two Representatives in the House of Representatives, both Democrats. In the 1st district, Robert H. M. Davidson was in his seventh term, having been first elected in 1876, while the 2nd district was represented by Robert Bullock in his first term.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Election results
Robert H. M. Davidson did not win renomination for Congress.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 4, 1890 to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. Two Democratic incumbents were re-elected, one Republican incumbent was defeated, and the four open seats were retained by the Democrats. The composition of the state delegation after the election was solely Democratic.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel Dibble of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1883, declined to seek re-election. William H. Brawley was nominated by the Democrats and he defeated Republican challenger William D. Crum in the general election.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George D. Tillman of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger Seymour E. Smith.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James S. Cothran of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1887, declined to seek re-election. George Johnstone won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican John R. Tolbert in the general election.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman William H. Perry of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1885, declined to seek re-election. George W. Shell won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican J.F. Ensor in the general election.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1883, defeated Republican challenger G.G. Alexander.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman George W. Dargan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1883, declined to seek re-election. Eli T. Stackhouse was nominated by the Democrats and defeated Republican challenger Edmund H. Deas.


1890 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 7th congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Thomas E. Miller of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1890, was defeated by Democratic challenger William Elliott.


1890 United States census
The United States census of 1890 was taken beginning June 2, 1890 but most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in 1921 when a building caught fire and in the subsequent disposal of the remaining damaged records. It determined the resident population of the United States to be 62,979,766—an increase of 25.5 percent over the 50,189,209 persons enumerated during the 1880 census. The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier.


1890 United States census
This was the first census in which a majority of states recorded populations of over one million, as well as the first in which multiple cities—New York as of 1880, Chicago, and Philadelphia—recorded populations of over one million. The census also saw Chicago rise in rank to the nation's second most populous city, a position it would hold until Los Angeles (then 57th) would supplant it in 1990. This was the first U.S. census to use machines to tabulate the collected data.


1890 United States census, Methodology
The 1890 census was the first to be compiled using methods invented by Herman Hollerith and was overseen by Superintendents Robert P. Porter (1889–1893) and  Carroll D. Wright (1893–1897). Data was entered on a machine readable medium (punched cards) and tabulated by machine. Changes from the 1880 census included the larger population, the number of data items to be collected from individuals, the Census Bureau headcount, the volume of scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators.


1890 United States census, Methodology
The net effect of these changes was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census. The total population of 62,947,714, the family, or rough, count, was announced after only six weeks of processing (punched cards were not used for this tabulation). The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was widely believed that the "right answer" was at least 75,000,000.


1890 United States census, Significant findings
The United States census of 1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in the United States, down from  400,764 Native Americans identified in the census of 1850.


1890 United States census, Significant findings
The 1890 census announced that the frontier region of the United States no longer existed, and that the Census Bureau would no longer track the westward migration of the U.S. population.