1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Growing interest among students and alumni
In January 1893, an article by Ralph Stone (1868–1956), who later served as a Regent of the University of Michigan, appeared in The Inlander. Stone expressed hope that the development of a rivalry with the University of Chicago might help overcome the "woeful" lack of loyalty to alma mater manifested in the university's alumni. He wrote:


1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Growing interest among students and alumni
"The apparent lack of patriotism among our alumni is largely due to the fact that while in college there was little or no incentive to college spirit, so-called, growing out of contests with other colleges. Michigan has always been without a near-at-hand rival. Therefore, her alumni were born, brought up, and graduated into the world without much of an opportunity to yell, fight and bet upon her college base-ball team, foot-ball team, or crew. Perhaps the University of Chicago, under the leadership of Stagg, may alter matters in this respect in the near future. . . .


1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Growing interest among students and alumni
The athletic competition which is now awakening will rouse a more active display of their latent enthusiasm, and it will do it without sacrificing the real and more serious purpose of the University. While we deplore the excessive attention now paid at times to athletics, we cannot deny that athletic prestige does much to help a university in more substantial ways."


1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Starting lineup
The following 17 players received varsity letters for their participation on Michigan's 1892 football team.


1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Other players
The following players are listed in Michigan's 1892 roster or game summaries as having also participated on the 1892 team.


1892 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1892 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 1, 1892. Republican nominee John T. Rich defeated Democratic candidate Allen B. Morse with 47.21% of the vote.


1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1892 college football season. After the departure of Tom Eck, head coach in 1891, the University of Minnesota team played for one season without a coach. This year, an organization was formed called the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest by representatives of Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin and Northwestern. Minnesota went undefeated this season, including wins over all three other members of the league, so they won the first league championship.


1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The game against Michigan was Minnesota's first game in the historic rivalry that would spawn the most famous of all rivalry trophies, the Little Brown Jug. The game against Northwestern was also the first meeting with that school.


1892 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
October 17, 1892, Minnesota faced Michigan in Minneapolis. The game was the first of more than 90 meetings in the Little Brown Jug rivalry. Minnesota won the game, 14–6. The game was played on a Monday afternoon during a hard rain that made the field wet and muddy. The Detroit Free Press's account of the game reported that Michigan was "badly outclassed at center and could not withstand Minnesota's rush." At the end of a 45-minute first half, Minnesota led 10-0. Michigan's only touchdown came on a long run by George Jewett in the second half. Jewett and Ralph Hayes were also praised for making "great tackles."


1892 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1892 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1892. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Knute Nelson defeated Democratic Party of Minnesota challenger Daniel W. Lawler and People's Party candidate Ignatius L. Donnelly.


1892 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1892 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as a member of the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1891 college football season. In its first season under head coach E. H. Jones, the team compiled a 1–2 record.


1892 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1892 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, former Congressman William J. Stone, over the Republican candidate former Congressman William Warner, Populist candidate Leverett Leonard, and Prohibition candidate John Sobieski.


1892 Montana gubernatorial election
The 1892 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.


1892 Montana gubernatorial election
Republican nominee John E. Rickards defeated Democratic nominee Timothy E. Collins and Populist nominee William Kennedy with 41.17% of the vote.


1892 Montana gubernatorial election, Bibliography
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1892 NSW Rugby Union Season
The 1892 New South Wales Rugby Football season was the 19th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. This was the third competition for the Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield and the first competition for the Association Cricket Ground Cup. The football season lasted from May to September. The premiership was won for the sixth time by the Wallaroo Football Club, who had won their last premiership twelve years prior in 1880. Wallaroo defeated their greatest rivals, Sydney University A, in the final to win both the premiership and the Agricultural Society Challenge Shield.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season
Sydney University A were also in the final for the Association Cricket Ground Cup, which was won by the Randwick Football Club. The Junior Badges saw Carlton win the final. Their opponents, The Pirates were defeated in the final for the third year in succession. The Second Junior Badges saw Sydney University 2nd defeat Ryde in the final. The Third Junior Badges was won by Surry, who defeated Grosvenor in the final.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Teams
For 1892 10 teams submitted entries into the Senior Badges. Many of the clubs had competed in the Senior Badges during the last season. New to the ranks were Balmain and Wentworth. Wentworth had played the Junior Badges for a number of seasons and were the current premiers. Balmain was a new club, recently formed. Both the Arfoma and Rosedale clubs decided to focus their efforts on the Junior badges.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
At the beginning of the new season, a committee of the Association Cricket Ground generously donated a trophy to be competed for by the senior clubs. How the competition was to be arranged was left up to the Union to decide. With the Agricultural Society Shield and the premiership to also be awarded, the Union attempted to incorporate all awards into one competition.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
A round robin style preliminary round was arranged with each senior team playing against each other once. At the conclusion of the regular season, the four clubs with the best records would be drawn against each other in the Semi Finals for the Association Ground Cup. The next four clubs from the regular season would be drawn to play against each other in the Qualifying Round for the Agricultural Society Shield. For the second week, the winners of the Semi Finals would proceed to the Association Ground Cup Final.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
The winner of the Final, played on the Association Cricket Ground, will win the Cup. The losers of the Semi Finals will be drawn to play against the winners of the two Qualifying Round games. For the third week, the winners of these two games will be drawn against the Cup Finalists in the Agricultural Society Shield Semi Finals. The winners of the two Semi's will progress to the Shield Final with the winner awarded the Shield.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
As for the Premiership, all of the games contributing to the Association Ground Cup and the Agricultural Society Shield would continue to be added to the ladder. At the conclusion of these games, the team with the best record will be awarded the premiership. With this arrangement, the Premier may not be the winner of either of the two trophies.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Rule Changes
At a meeting prior to the beginning of the premiership a motion was put forward to change the name of the union from the Southern Rugby Football Union to the New South Wales Rugby Football Union. A vote was taken which saw this change made.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
The 1892 Sydney Rugby Football Season was seen as being successful in every way. The weather was everything that could have been desired, with the exception of rain during the last few weekends. Public interest was greater than had been seen during previous seasons. Gameplay had improved with an absence of heavy scrums and an adoption of more passing and kicking, thus making the game open, fast and exciting. Many games were even, with the final result in the balance right up to its conclusion.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
The first round of the premiership saw both the Balmain and Sydney Clubs fail to put together a team to play their respective opponents. After this, both clubs withdrew from the competition. All future games that had been arranged against them would be declared forfeits with the opposing club receiving the points on the ladder.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
From the beginning of the season, Sydney University A were seen as the winners of the Agricultural Society Shield, based upon past performances. With the club having already won the Shield twice, a third win would see them become the permanent owners of it. They were also favourites to win the new Association Ground Cup. However, after losing their first game against Wallaroo, it was seen that the team were not of the same exceptional high standard of past teams.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
With many of their top players no longer part of the team, the Varsity did well to become runners-up for the premiership. After the regular season matches had concluded, they found themselves playing in both trophy finals, however losing both. The season saw the re-igniting of their old rivalry with the Wallaroo club, meeting their nemesis three times during the competition. The Varsity won only one of these matches with the other two finishing in close losses for the club.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
After defeating the Varsity in the first round, the Wallaroo Football Club played consistently during the season holding the pride of place on the ladder. The manner that the team defeated their long standing rivals demonstrated that they would be difficult to beat. The main strength of the team lay in its forwards, being a large pack. Their back line were not superstars, however they could hold their own on the field. Wallaroo had the fewest points scored against them across the season. The team finished the thirteen matches with eleven wins and one draw. Their only loss came at the hands of the Varsity, where they lost their best three-quarter and had to play the majority of the match with only fourteen players. Wallaroo won both the Agricultural Society Shield and the Premiership, their first victory since 1880.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
The Randwick Football Club demonstrated a marked improvement in their performance during the Premiership. Their surprise win over Sydney University in the final for the Association Cricket Ground Cup raised the hopes of all. However the very next round saw them defeated by eventual premiers, Wallaroo. As a team, Randwick were one of the fastest with multiple sprinters in their pack but their forwards were too light.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
Zealandia, last season's finalist, started the year strongly. Early in the premiership the team lost the services of their captain leading to their performance to fall away rapidly. The team narrowly missed the Semi Finals for the Association Ground Cup and eventually bowed out in the Semi Finals for the Agricultural Society Shield.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
New to the Senior Badges, the Wentworth club held their own against the older teams. The reigning Junior Champions finished third after the regular season games, making the Semi Finals for the Association Ground Cup. Unfortunately they were eliminated from the competition and lost their Qualifying round match against Zealandia. It was hoped that their success in the premiership would encourage other teams to make the step up into the Senior Badges.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
Parramatta were a club that never quite reached their potential. As a team they contained many star players and it was believed that they should have finished higher on the ladder at the end of the season. With Fred Belbridge as captain, it was hoped that the performance of the club would improve in the future.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
After a splendid show last year, the Strathfield club were a miserable failure during 1892. Several of their best players left the club, with some quitting football altogether. The team were shaken by these exits and were unable to bring it together of the course of the season. Strathfield finished the season having only defeated the last placed University B team.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Season Summary
With as many as four teams spread across the Senior Badges and the Second Junior Badges, the Sydney University B team was seen to have lost the services of many players who played in the lower grades. It was believed that, if these players had chosen to through in their lot with them, the B team would not have finished at the bottom of the ladder.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 1, 13 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Semi Finals
The Semi Finals for the Cup were drawn through ballot with Wallaroo playing against old rivals Sydney University A, and Randwick taking on new comers Wentworth. Both games were scheduled to play on the Association Cricket Ground one after the other. In the first game, Wallaroo lost the services of their three-quarter, Strange, just before half-time. Even though Wallaroo now played with 14 men, a big handicap against the Varsity, the match remained pretty close. It was during the last twenty minutes of the match that University took command of the game and the scoreline blew out.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 1, 13 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Semi Finals
The Randwick-Wentworth match proved to be a fast and exciting game. Wentworth began the match strong, but Randwick held their resolve. Eventually, Randwick took charge of the game and played what was considered to be their best performance up to that point. Wentworth were given a demonstration of effective passing and game play. The win saw Randwick progress to play against University in the Cup Final.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 1, 13 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Qualifying Round
The two Qualifying Round matches were played together on the Agricultural Society Ground. The draw saw Strathfield play Parramatta and Zealandia against Sydney University B. Poor crowd attendance at the ground saw a stubborn contest between two depleted teams in Strathfield and Parramatta. Parramatta managed to score a narrow victory to move on to the next week of the finals. A fast game was witnessed between Zealandia and University B, the play quickly moving from one end of the ground to the other. Despite the scoreline, the match was seen to be even between the two teams. Zealandia managed to win the match. With these two results, Strathfield and University B were eliminated from the competition.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final
Miserable weather in the days leading up to the Cup Final and consistent rain during the game, saw the condition of the ground being very greasy. Considering the poor weather, a large crowd turned out for the match and grew with enthusiasm as the game progressed. Prior to the match beginning, it was the opinion of many that Sydney University A would win the match against Randwick. University drew first blood with James Moulton scoring a skilful try during the first ten minutes of the match.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final
The wet and heavy ball made kicking goals difficult, however many in the crowd believed the Varsity were now certain for victory. Randwick held their own over the next ten minutes of the game and were rewarded with Allan Scott scoring a try to even the match. Once again, the heavy ball denied Randwick a goal. The game remained close with the scores level at half time.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final
On resumption of the game, university commenced a consistent attack on the Randwick line. Both Henry Abbott and Moulton took numerous shots at the goal from the field, however the sodden ground and wet ball made drop kicking difficult. Eventually play moved towards the other end of the field with Randwick finally on attack. A kick from William MacPherson saw the ball end up crossing the university line. Moulton attempted to fall onto the ball, but it slipped away with Tom McMahon diving onto it and scoring a try for Randwick.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Association Cricket Ground Cup Final
With the attempt at goal being unsuccessful, only five minutes was left of the match. After this second try, university went to great lengths to even the score. Abbott displayed superhuman effort, dashing off through the thick crowd of opponents carrying all before him until he sank beneath the grasp of several players. Randwick also got their blood up with the battle raging fiercer than ever. A grand game considering the slippery conditions ended with a victory for Randwick.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Qualifying Round
The draw for the second Qualifying Round saw Zealandia facing Wentworth and Wallaroo taking on Parramatta with both games being played alongside each other upon the Agricultural Society Ground. The first match was fairly well contested with eventual winners, Zealandia, having the best of things throughout. Wentworth played nothing like in their old form. Zealandia played at their best despite still not having their captain, Galloway, back on the field. With rain affecting both matches, the crowd was still a fair size. For their match, Parramatta were handicapped with the absence of some of their players.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 2, 20 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Qualifying Round
To field a team, they were forced to field five 'pick-ups' who played well. Wallaroo managed to score two tries in the first half of the match, unable to add goals to either due to the nature of the weather. Parramatta were able to score in the second half, but lost the match.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 3, 27 August, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Semi Finals
Despite the weather clearing up for the morning, the miserable conditions continued during the Semi Finals for the Agricultural Society Shield. The first match saw Wallaroo drawn against Cup winners Randwick. Wallaroo won the toss and before ten minutes had passed, replacement player W Gregory had taken a mark with WS Corr kicking the goal from the field. The game became fast and open as a result of this with Frank Surman breaking through and scoring a try for Randwick. During the second half, Wallaroo had the better of their opponents, scoring a try to seal the win. The second Semi Final began soon after the conclusion of the first. Sydney University A had the best of the game, stretching out to a comfortable lead in the first half. Zealandia were able to mount an attack on the Varsity line, but were unable to avert a defeat.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 4, 3 September, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Final
The day of the Shield Final saw a beating rain fall for the entire afternoon, however a solid crowd turned out for the match to support their clubs. Considering the conditions, it was expected that the forwards would play a major part in the outcome of the match. Both Sydney University A and Wallaroo put their best team on the field and played the game with great determination. The condition of the ground, due to the weather, was so slippery that it made play difficult.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Finals, Week 4, 3 September, Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield Final
Both the university halfbacks, Henry Abbott and James Moulton, valuable players when the surface is dry, were made ineffective in the conditions. Players were unable to do a great deal of dodging or fending. Wallaroo were all over the Varisty players stopping them from passing the ball effectively, making the game a stop-start affair with short sharp rushes, scrimmages and good dribbling. It was a good deal into the second half before Wallaroo were able to score a try. This spurred both teams to greater efforts with University eventually holding down Wallaroo on their own line. Despite all efforts, the Varsity was unable to break through with the game ending. Thus the close of the football season saw Wallaroo win their first premiership in 12 years and the Agricultural Society Ground Shield.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges
The Junior teams had every reason to be proud of their performance during the season. The class of football played by the teams were at times equal to that of the senior grade. It was believed that many of the players should not be playing junior football, such was their skill. Junior matches were more often opener with passing and kicking more frequent. As the season progressed, the games played became more interesting and the competition became keener. For this season, Farmer & Co. donated 15 silver medals for the winners of the First Junior competition.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges
The competition for the Junior Badges saw a strange ending to the season. After beating all comers during the year, The Pirates Football Club were unexpectedly beaten in the final by Carlton. The fact that Carlton was victorious in the final did not provide conclusive evidence that they were the better team during the competition. Losing their first match of the season against the Pirates, Carlton improved as the year progressed. The form team for much of the season was the Pirates, being far superior to any other team during a greater part of the year.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Junior Badges
Unfortunately for them, the Junior Badges did not follow the same format for awarding the premiership as the senior grade. If it did, the Pirates would have been declared Premiers despite their finals loss. Double Bay finished the season with the third best record, however they displayed inconsistency with their performance. The Glebe were believed to be the champion junior of the year but failed to live up to those expectations. In the end Carlton finished the season with the record of winning two premierships in two years but in different grades.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Second Junior Badges
The quality of play of many of the Second Junior teams was appreciated by the public. The form of the eventual champions, Sydney University 2nd was superior to that of a Second Junior team. Their play, especially the kicking, was even better than some of the senior teams with one or two of the players capable of playing for the University B or A team. For much of the season, both the Pirates 2nd and Double Bay 2nd teams led the running for the premiership. It was regarded that the final would be played between these two. Amongst the other teams, Ryde continued to show improvement as the year progressed with the team eventually losing to the Varsity in the Final. Randwick Borough showed good form only to be eliminated in the semi final. University 2nd were awarded medals once again donated by AJ Torning.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Lower Grades, Third Junior Badges
For 1892 those clubs entered into the Third Junior Badges would be competing for the Union Medals. The competition saw two teams finish the regular season without loss, Willoughby and Waverley A, with both teams having no points scored against them. Willoughby was defeated by eventual premiers Surry in the quarter finals, the only points scored against them all year. The Surrys had suffered only one defeat in their run towards the championship in the first round against Willoughby. Surry went on to defeat the heavier Grosvenor team in the final. Grosvenor had amassed the greatest number of points during the season and on their way to the final had disposed of Waverley in the semi final. The final was expected to be a close and exciting affair however Surry had the better of the match and won easily.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July
The first Intercolonial game of the season saw what was possibly the biggest crowd seen at the Association Cricket Ground for a football match. The members stand, grandstand and public enclosure were well populated with estimates for the size of the crowd being close to 10,000.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July
A strong wind was blowing when the game commenced, New South Wales kicking off. Initial play saw the ball moving back and forwards between the two teams as they pressed hard into each other's territory. AD Graham kicked a few attempts at goal, missing both. James Moulton made some slippery linebreaks, the Queenslanders unable to get their hands on him. Eventually, Queenslander Jack O'Shea received a pass from Fred O'Rourke and broke away from the line. Percy Colquhoun chased him in vain with O'Shea scoring near the corner flag. The kick from Graham fell short.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July
After the restart, a failed run from Colquhoun and Frank Surman resulted in Queensland earning a shot at goal from New South Wales' 25. F O'Rourke missed his attempt. A few plays later, Billy Warbrick intercepted a pass and kicked and chased towards the New South Wales line. GC Matherson gathered the ball and got across the line to score for Queensland. Graham missed his attempt at kicking for a goal. Half time was soon called with Queensland leading 6 points to 0.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July
On returning to the field, New South Wales were without Jim Cowan, who had been injured in the first half. From the kick off play continued to seesaw between the two teams' 25's. Philip Phillips attempted a shot at goal for New South Wales, lacking the direction to be successful. Play soon returned to the Queensland 25 with a kick from O'Shea, against the wind, sending the ball back into their own corner. Moulton, Surman and Vernon Reed were not successful in grounding the ball with the Queenslanders forcing in goal.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July
A run from Warbrick and Petterson took the ball back to the New South Wales line with some exciting play right near the line. At length, O'Shea crossed the line and scored for Queensland with F O'Rourke missing another kick for goal. As soon as play was restarted, Queensland were on the attack again with both O'Rourke brothers attempting shots at goal. Play swung towards the Queensland 25 with New South Wales making a number of attempts at kicking a goal. At length, O'Shea intercepted a pass and made the run of the match. The Queenslander ran down the sideline, escaping two tackles and scored. F O'Rourke attempted another shot at goal, failing to add more points to the Queensland total. The final whistle was blown soon after to end the match.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. First Match, 23 July
The final result of the game was a surprise to both the crowd and New South Wales. Even the Queensland players themselves could not believe that they had held onto the win against the wind. Adopting the plan that the British Rugby team had when they played their matches in Sydney, Queensland played three quarters and three halves making the forward pack weaker but the backs stronger. Their forwards were strong in the scrimmage and their backs gave no chance for the New South Welshmen to get through. The Queenslanders played right up to the ball throughout the game, smothering the passing and running from their opposition.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
The return match between New South Wales and Queensland was held on the Association Cricket Ground on the 30 July. After the result of the first game and the resulting changes made by the local team, there was much interest in the match. With a slightly strengthened forward team and the inclusion of sprinter "Tot" Martineer in the squad, there was hope that the recent defeat would be reversed. The Queenslanders fielded an almost identical team from the previous game. Fine weather met the players as they entered the field to a loud reception. New South Wales won the toss and kicked off against the wind with Queensland defending the northern goal.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
From the kick off Fred O'Rourke brought the ball back to half way. Getting a hold of the ball, Martineer managed to make a run towards the Queensland 25. After a lot of scrimmaging, Edward Bowman made a break towards the Queensland line only to be stopped by captain William Warbrick. More scrimmaging within the Queensland 25 saw Ernest Roberts collect the ball and cross the try line. George Lusk took the kick and managed to score the two points. After the restart F O'Rourke took the ball into the New South Wales 25.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
Several scrimmages back at half way saw Paterson kick the ball back towards the New South Wales line. AD Graham followed up, collected the ball and pushed his way across the try line. Graham then failed to successfully take the kick. The score was now New South Wales 5, Queensland 3. Exciting play in the New South Wales 25 followed the kick off. Multiple rushes from the local team saw play move to the Queensland 25 where they were awarded a free kick. Lusk took the kick and cleanly sent the ball over the crossbar.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
New South Wales were now up by 6 points. Play immediately moved into the New South Wales 25 from the kick off. F O'Rourke made a dodgy run, breaking through a tackle and over the try line. Graham took the kick, failing to get the extra points. The lead for New South Wales was now only 3 points. When New South Wales kicked off, offside was called as some of their players were ahead of the kicker. A scrimmage on the New South Wales line was the penalty.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
Lusk managed to kick the ball out of danger before Queensland brought it back. A pass from F O'Rourke sent Jack O'Shea over the try line near the corner. The kick was taken by H Paul but was another failure with the ball falling short. With the scores now tied at 9 a piece, scrimmaging near the New South Wales 25 saw Danny Allman pass out to F O'Rourke who neatly potted a goal from the field. Further play that took the ball from either end took the game up to half time. At the whistle, Queensland were 4 points in front, 13 points to 9.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
The beginning of the second half saw an exchange of kicks between New South Wales and Queensland. A line break by Charlie O'Rourke at the New South Wales 25 saw O'Shea miss a pass and more scrimmaging taking the ball back to the centre of the ground. Quick passing from Queensland lead to O'Shea making another dart for the New South Wales line. Just as he was in reach of scoring, James Moulton took him into touch. Play continued to move back and forth between the two ends with O'Shea making a failed attempt at a field goal.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
Moulton soon had an opportunity himself for a drop goal, but the ball was blocked by the Queenslanders. From the throw in, a line break by New South Wales forward Fred Belbridge was stopped before he could cross over. Queensland kicked out to the half-way line where Roberts caught the ball and dashed back inside the Queensland 25 where he was brought down by George Hensler. New South Wales kept the pressure on the defenders until the ball was slowly pushed back to wards the half-way line.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
A kick took the ball into the New South Wales 25 where O'Shea looked like a certain scorer. Moulton and Martineer pulled him down before he could cross over. Queensland managed to force the ball further on and eventually onto the try line where J Todd leapt onto it and scored. The kick failed to add to the score. No sooner as the ball was kicked the play moved back into New South Wales territory. An intercept by Queensland led to a play that went from wing to wing. O'Shea crossed over and scored again, the kick again failing. The final whistle blew soon after with Queensland in front 19 points to 9.


1892 NSW Rugby Union Season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches, NSW v. Qld. Second Match, 30 July
Despite the radical alterations made by New South Wales, the result still finished against them. The game proved to be essentially one for the forwards, with the New South Wales back line not having much of an effect on the match. Moulton was able to make more runs than in the first match and Lusk provided effective goal kicking. Martineer scarcely got a chance to display his impressive skills, only touching the ball once or twice during the match. Except in goal kicking, Queensland won at all points in the game. Every man was at his best and played an excellent game throughout.


1892 NYU Violets football team
The 1892 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The Violets compiled an 0–1 record for the season.


1892 Natal parliamentary election
Elections to the Legislative Council were held in the Colony of Natal in September 1892. The initial result was a victory for the anti-responsible government party, which won 14 of the 24 seats. However, this was later overturned as four anti-responsible government members lost their seats after their election was annulled, and the by-elections were won by pro-responsible government candidates.


1892 Natal parliamentary election, Background
The Legislative Council was dissolved on 22 August 1892 following the submission of a report for the Council on the  Bill for Establishing Responsible Government of Natal. The elections were contested entirely on whether to accept the bill or not. The basis of opposition to the bill was the claim that it gave full control over the black population to the Crown, and the counter-claim that it did not put the black population under the control of the British government.


1892 Natal parliamentary election, Aftermath
The new Legislative Council was opened on 7 October 1892. In response to the speech of Governor Charles Mitchell, the Council passed a response by 14 votes to nine stating that the election results showed that the colony did not wish for responsible government and that the Council would not consider it. The decision was accepted by Mitchell.


1892 Natal parliamentary election, Aftermath
In November, the election results of four members of the Anti group in Newcastle and Weenen were annulled for violations of the ballot act, with one Newcastle member, Green, declared to be an alien. In the Weenen by-election in December, two pro-responsible government members were elected. The Newcastle by-election was scheduled for January, but was delayed due to the accidental destruction of the ballot papers. In the eventual contest, two more pro-responsible government members were elected in the Newcastle by-election, giving the group a four-seat majority.


1892 Natal parliamentary election, Aftermath
On 4 July Mitchell proclaimed a new constitution, granting the colony responsible government. As a result, fresh elections were held.


1892 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1892 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy during the 1892 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Ben Crosby, the Midshipmen compiled a 5–2 record and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 121 to 62.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team
The 1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1892 college football season. The team had no  head coach, though Omaha lawyer J. S. Williams led the team for one game, and played home games at Lincoln Park, in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as members of the Western Interstate University Football Association.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team
This was Nebraska's first season as a member of an athletic conference, joining Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri in the newly formed WIUFA.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team
Nebraska played without a permanent head coach for the third straight season, upsetting many program supporters. The university's newspaper opined "We are thoroughly disgusted with the cheap-John plan of amateur coaches". By the beginning of the 1893 season, Nebraska hired its first paid football coach.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Illinois
George Flippin, Nebraska's first black player and only the fifth black athlete at a predominantly white college, recovered a late fumble and later scored the game's only points to give the Bugeaters a 6–0 win.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Illinois
Historical sources disagree on who coached Nebraska in this game. Some suggest J. S. Williams coached this game and quit after, while others show a different coach recorded only as "Mr. Baldwin" was expected to coach against Illinois but ultimately did not, and therefore Williams arrived sometime after this game.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Illinois
This was the first game in which Nebraska appeared in scarlet and cream, which would later become the university's official colors.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, at Denver Athletic Club
Although Nebraska faced an out-of-state team for the first time in 1891, this was NU's first game played outside the state of Nebraska. The Bugeaters were badly outmatched by the professional-grade Denver Athletic Club, managing only a late touchdown to avoid a shutout loss.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri
This was set to be Nebraska's first-ever conference game, but the University of Missouri squad refused to play due to the presence of African American George Flippin on NU's roster. The game was ruled a forfeit and the score officially recorded as 1–0. Afterward, the WIUFA established a rule preventing member teams from refusing to play scheduled matches.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Missouri
Official University of Missouri records list the score of this game as a 6–0 forfeit Nebraska victory.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Kansas
Despite being only the second conference game for both teams, the WIUFA's brief conference slate made this the de facto conference championship game. The Bugeaters escaped early Jayhawks scoring opportunities, but were unable to do anything on offense as Kansas eventually wore Nebraska down to claim the first WIUFA football title.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Kansas
This was the first of what would become the longest continuous annual series between any two college football teams, as Kansas and Nebraska would met every year from 1891 through 2010. The annual series ended in 2011 when Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference.


1892 Nebraska Bugeaters football team, Game summaries, Iowa
Halfback George Flippin opened the game with a 40-yard run around the right end, which was followed by a Bugeater touchdown. Iowa responded with two touchdowns before halftime to pull ahead 10–4. Flippin scored to open the second half, and a successful extra kick tied the game at 10, when it was called on account of darkness, becoming the first tie in Nebraska history.


1892 New Brunswick general election
The 1892 New Brunswick general election was held in October 1892, to elect 41 members to the 28th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.


1892 New Brunswick general election
There were a number of issues that led to dissatisfaction with the government among certain groups of voters in the province:


1892 New Brunswick general election
However, the opposition was not able to organize an effective campaign to consolidate the support of factions opposed to the government.


1892 New Brunswick general election
The opposition had their best results in York County, where all the government candidates were defeated, and St. John County. A.G. Blair, the government leader, was defeated in York and was forced to run in a by-election held in Queen's.


1892 New Brunswick general election
Of forty-one MLAs, twenty-five supported the government, twelve formed the opposition, and the other four were neutral.


1892 New Brunswick general election
The province's Legislative Council had been abolished by legislation passed in 1891; that legislation now came into effect.


1892 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1892 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Republican nominee John Butler Smith defeated Democratic nominee Luther F. McKinney with 50.17% of the vote.


1892 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1892 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee George Theodore Werts defeated Republican nominee John Kean with 49.65% of the vote.


1892 New Orleans general strike
The New Orleans general strike was a general strike in the U.S. city of New Orleans, Louisiana, that began on November 8, 1892. Despite appeals to racial hatred, black and white workers remained united. The general strike ended on November 12, with unions gaining most of their original demands.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance
Early in 1892, streetcar conductors in New Orleans won a shorter workday and the preferential closed shop. This victory drove many New Orleans workers to seek assistance from the American Federation of Labor (AFL). As many as 30 new labor unions had been organized in the city before the summer of 1892. By late summer, 49 unions belonged to the AFL. The unions established a central labor council known as the Workingmen's Amalgamated Council that represented more than 30,000 workers. Three racially integrated unions—the Teamsters, the Scalesmen, and the Packers—made up what came to be called the "Triple Alliance." Many of the workers belonging to the unions of the Triple Alliance were African American.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance
On October 24, 1892, between 2,000 and 3,000 members of the Triple Alliance struck to win a 10-hour work day, overtime pay, and the preferential union shop. The Amalgamated Council wholeheartedly supported them.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance
The New Orleans Board of Trade, representing financial and commercial interests, appointed a committee to make decisions for the employers. The four main railways that served the city and the large cotton, sugar and rice commodity exchanges pledged their support for the Board of Trade. They helped raise a defense fund and asked the state governor to send in the militia to help break the strike. No negotiations took place during the first week.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance
Employers utilized race-based appeals to try to divide the workers and turn the public against the strikers. The board of trade announced it would sign contracts agreeing to the terms—but only with the white-dominated Scalesmen and Packers unions. The Board of Trade refused to sign any contract with the black-dominated Teamsters. The Board of Trade and the city's newspapers also began a campaign designed to create public hysteria. The newspapers ran lurid accounts of "mobs of brutal Negro strikers" rampaging through the streets, of African American unionists "beating up all who attempted to interfere with them," and repeated accounts of crowds of blacks assaulting lone white men and women.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The Triple alliance
The striking workers refused to break ranks along racial lines. Large majorities of the Scalesmen and Packers unions passed resolutions affirming their commitment to stay out until the employers had signed a contract with the Teamsters on the same terms offered to other unions.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike
Members of other unions began to call for a general strike to support the Triple Alliance. A number of meetings were held, during which sentiment proved so strong that a majority of the unions belonging to the Amalgamated Council voted in favor of a resolution calling for a general strike. A Committee of Five was formed to lead the general strike. Its members included the Cotton Screwmen's Union, the Cotton Yardmen's Union, the Printers, the Boiler Makers, and the Car Driver's Union.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike
Union pressure increased and a call for a general strike arose. Under the threat, some employers not party to the original dispute broke and pressed the board for negotiations. A tentative agreement collapsed and the Workingman's Council again called for a general strike, which began on November 8 after two postponements. Each of the 46 unions which joined the strike demanded the union shop and recognition of their union. Some also asked for shorter work-days or higher pay. Around 30,000 union members—half the city's workforce and virtually all its unionized workers—struck. Streetcars stopped running.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike
Recently organized utility workers, against the demands of the governor and the advice of the labor committee, joined the strike. The city's supply of natural gas failed on November 8, as did the electrical grid, and the city was plunged into darkness. The delivery of food and beverages immediately ceased, generating alarm among city residents. Construction, printing, street cleaning, manufacturing and even fire-fighting services ground to a halt.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike
On November 9, the press intensified their appeals to racial hatred. The New Orleans Times-Democrat declared that African American strikers wanted to "take over the city" (a veiled reference to black sexual assaults on white women) and that white women and children were already being harassed by black strikers.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike
But the press' appeal to racial hatred failed. Violent incidents never occurred, and picket lines were so quiet that the Board of Trade sent men into the streets to try to find evidence of any physical intimidation whatsoever. The employers, with assistance from the railroads, brought strikebreakers in from Galveston and Memphis. But when a call by the mayor for special deputies turned up only 59 volunteers, the employers began training their own clerks and managers for riot duty, offering to pay any costs for a state militia call-up.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The general strike
The mayor issued a proclamation forbidding public gatherings, essentially declaring martial law. Although the city was quiet, the Board of Trade convinced the racist Democratic Governor, Murphy J. Foster, to send in the state militia on November 10. But instead of a city under siege, militia leaders found the city calm and orderly. Governor Foster was forced to withdraw the militia on November 11. The strength of  the strike was reflected in the decline of bank clearings in New Orleans to half their pre-strike levels.


1892 New Orleans general strike, The strike, The settlement
The Board of Trade agreed to binding arbitration to settle the strike. Although they balked at first, the employers agreed to sit down with both white and black union leaders. After 48 hours of negotiations, the employers agreed to the 10-hour day and overtime pay, but not the union shop, nor would they grant recognition to the unions of the Triple Alliance. Other unions also won reduced hours and higher pay.


1892 New Orleans general strike, Aftermath
The Board of Trade was deeply angered by its humiliation during the general strike. On November 13, 1892, the Board of Trade induced a federal prosecutor to file suit in federal court against 44 of the unions belonging to the Amalgamated Council. The federal government accused the unions of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act by engaging in a conspiracy to restrain trade and 45 strike leaders were indicted in federal court for violating the act. A district court granted a temporary injunction against the unions. The AFL appealed the case. The injunction was stayed, and the suit delayed for several years. The federal government quietly withdrew its suit several years later.


1892 New Orleans general strike, Aftermath
The 1892 general strike helped strengthen the labor movement in New Orleans. Most existing unions gained substantial numbers of members. Three new unions formed during the general strike and affiliated with the Amalgamated Council.


1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments
At the time, the 1892 general strike was considered a success, demonstrating that black and white workers could maintain solidarity in the Deep South. The strikers had avoided violence, won most of their demands, avoided military repression, and succeeded in overcoming racial hatred. Samuel Gompers declared:


1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments
To me the movement in New Orleans was a very bright ray of hope for the future of organized labor and convinces me that the advantage which every other element fails to succeed in falls to the mission of organized labor. Never in the history of the world was such an exhibition... With one fell swoop the economic barrier of color was broken down.


1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments
However, subsequent analyses declared the strike a failure, and that unions had "sold out" workers because the unions failed to win the union shop. Just a month later, The New York Times editorialized: "Labor's Defeat In New-Orleans; The Victory of the Employers Complete." Many histories written in the next 40 years suggested that the strike's "massive" failure led the AFL to reject general strikes absolutely thereafter and remain intensely hostile even to limited strikes.


1892 New Orleans general strike, Varying assessments
More recently, however, historians have reassessed the strike's success. Declared one historian, "The failure of the strikers to win a preferential union shop did not detract from the significance of the struggle." The success of the workers in overcoming racial divisions in one of the major cities of the Deep South is notable (and would rarely be achieved again until the 1960s), as is the unification of skilled and unskilled worker.


1892 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1892 were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India.


1892 New Year Honours
They were announced in The Times on 1 January 1892, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1892.


1892 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).


1892 New York Giants season
The 1892 New York Giants season was the 10th season of the New York Giants professional baseball franchise as members of the National League. In a split season schedule, the Giants finished 10th in the first half of the season and sixth in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 71–80, eighth-best in the 12-team National League.


1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 New York Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 New York state election
The 1892 New York state election was held on November 8, 1892, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, three amendments to the State Constitution were proposed: to transfer the settlement of contested elections to the courts, to authorize the sale of the state-owned salt works at Salina, New York, and to increase the number of New York Supreme Court justices by ten.


1892 New York state election, History
In 1892, there was only one officer to be elected statewide: the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William C. Ruger in January 1892. Robert Earl had been appointed temporarily to fill the vacancy until the end of the year.


1892 New York state election, History
The Republican State Committee met on October 11 at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City. William Brookfield presided. The committee nominated Charles Andrews, the senior associate judge of the Court of Appeals (in office since 1870, Chief Judge by appointment 1881-82) for Chief Judge on the first ballot (vote: Andrews 26, Albert Haight 3).


1892 New York state election, History
The Democratic State Committee met on October 12 at the Hoffman House in New York City. Edward Murphy, Jr. presided. The Democrats endorsed the Republican nominee Charles Andrews unanimously.


1892 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team
The 1892 North Carolina A&M Aggies football team represented the North Carolina A&M Aggies of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts during the 1892 college football season.


1892 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1892 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1892 college football season. They played six games with a final record of 5–1. The team captain for the 1892 season was Michael Hoke. The team claims a southern title even though it was defeated by Virginia, for it beat the Cavaliers in a rematch. Those games with UVA mark the beginning of the South's Oldest Rivalry.


1892 North Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1892 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Democratic nominee Elias Carr defeated Republican nominee David M. Furches with 48.3% of the vote.


1892 North Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1892 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. People's Party nominee Eli C. D. Shortridge defeated incumbent Republican Andrew H. Burke with 52.43% of the vote.


1892 North Wexford by-election
The North Wexford by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Wexford on 11 March 1892. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, John Redmond of the Irish Parliamentary Party, in order to contest the seat of Cork City, following the death of its MP, Charles Stewart Parnell; Redmond, as a supporter of Parnell following a party split, was chosen to run as representative of the Parnellite faction.


1892 North Wexford by-election
Only one candidate was nominated, Thomas Joseph Healy of the Irish Parliamentary Party, an anti-Parnellite, and he was therefore elected unopposed. Redmond failed to be elected in Cork City, but shortly afterwards won a by-election in the constituency of Waterford City.


1892 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1892 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1892 college football season. The Wildcats compiled a 6–4–2 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 140 to 112. The team played 12 games, five of which were designated as "practice" games and seven of which were designated as official match games. The 1892 season included Northwestern's first games against teams representing Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota.


1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Players
The starters for the 1892 Northwestern football team were: Pierce (center); McClusky (right guard); C. D. Wilson (left guard); A. H. Culver (right tackle); J. Q. Vandouser (left tackle); J. F. Oates (right end); John Oberne (left end); M. P. Noyes (right halfback); R. E Kennicott (left halfback); F. W. Griffith (quarterback); and R. L. Sheppard (fullback).


1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On Saturday, October 29, 1892, Northwestern played its first game against Michigan and defeated the Wolverines, 10–8. Early in the game, Michigan's left tackle Frank Decke recovered a fumble and returned it for a touchdown. George Jewett's kick for goal failed, and Michigan led, 4–0. Northwestern then tied the game when it scored a touchdown but missed the kick for goal. Later in the first half, Northwestern scored another touchdown and kicked its goal for a 10-4 lead at halftime. Michigan scored a touchdown in the second half with George Jewett leading the attack.


1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Michigan's touchdown came on a fluke play when a Northwestern punt from deep in its own territory struck a Michigan rusher and bounced into the end zone. Woodworth fell on the ball for the touchdown. Jewett missed his second kick for goal, a kick that would have tied the game. Despite the missed kicks, the newspapers praised Jewett's play. The Chicago Daily Tribune noted: "In the second half, Jewett the big colored halfback of Ann Arbor, made a number of brilliant rushes." The game was played in 20-minute halves with 1,000 spectators in attendance. Craig of Cornell was the referee.


1892 Northwestern Purple football team, Game summaries, Michigan
After the game, a large celebration took place on the Northwestern campus in a square on Davis Street. Students blew tin horns, and a large pile of barrels and boxes were set afire. Members of the football team were carried around the fire before the crowd marched to Woman's Hall.


1892 Notre Dame football team
The 1892 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1892 college football season. Milestones for the season included the first 50-point game in ND history, and the first tie.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team
The 1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team represented Oberlin College during the 1892 college football season. In its first season under head coach John Heisman, the team compiled a perfect 7–0 record, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents, 262 to 20. The season included a disputed victory over Michigan and a pair of victories over Ohio State. The 1892 and 1893 teams combined for a 13-game winning streak that was broken on November 18, 1893, in a loss to the Case School of Applied Science.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
The season opened with a 40–0 win over Ohio State. Samuel P. Bush was an assistant coach for the Buckeyes.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
Oberlin played Ohio State again and won 50–0. In the second half, the ball was in Oberlin territory most of the time.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On November 19, Oberlin played a close game against Michigan. The outcome of the game was, and remains, disputed. Michigan records the game as a 26–24 victory, while Oberlin does not count the final Michigan touchdown and records the game as a 24–22 victory for Oberlin.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
George Jewett scored Michigan's first touchdown on 45-yard run around the right end. He also kicked goal, and Michigan led, 6–0. Williams then scored for Oberlin, and Hart kicked goal to tie the score. Savage scored Oberlin's second touchdown, and Hart again kicked goal to put Oberlin ahead, 12–6. Michigan scored three additional touchdowns in the first half, two by Jewett and one by W. W. Griffin. Jewett converted two out of the three kicks for goal from touchdown. Oberlin also scored another touchdown and kicked goal. At halftime, Michigan led, 22–18.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The second half consisted of only three short drives before the game ended in controversy. Michigan began the half with possession and fumbled. On Oberlin's first possession of the second half, Savage took the ball at Oberlin's two-yard line and ran 103 yards to Michigan's five-yard line where Jewett caught up and tackled him. Two plays later, Hart scored a touchdown and Oberlin kicked goal to take a 24–22 lead.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
On the next possession after Hart's touchdown, Michigan ran two plays when the referee Ensworth, a substitute player for Oberlin, called time and the entire Oberlin team "ran off the field so quickly it almost seemed prearranged." A Harvard man in the audience approached Oberlin's manager Hogen to say that "Oberlin would be everlastingly disgraced among reputable Rugby teams if she persisted," but the Oberlin team refused to play out the game, boarded its bus, and left for its hotel. Michigan refused to accept the ruling and, with the support of the umpire (Horace Greely Prettyman of Michigan), handed the ball to Jewett who walked for Michigan's claimed fifth touchdown.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The U. of M. Daily opined that Oberlin had played a strong game but had "neutralized the good impression" by "leaving the field several minutes before time was up." In another account, the Daily detailed the clock controversy as follows: "Referee Ensworth, an Oberlin substitute, lost all tab of time, and called the game at fourteen minutes to five, while the captain of each team had agreed to play until ten minutes before the hour. Time-keeper Spangler also verifies this. Captain Williams immediately got his team into the bus and were driven to their hotel. All expostulations with the Oberlin captain and manager were of no avail. Umpire Prettyman had the time and says that Mr. Ensworth did not take out a four minutes wait during the latter part of the half when one of the players was recovering from an injury."


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Adding to the intrigue, the Chicago Tribune reported that Michigan's left tackle "Doc" Pearson had earlier been ejected from the game and in turn slugged the referee—the Oberlin man who later called the game over.


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The Detroit newspapers reported that Michigan had won the game, while Oberlin newspapers reported that Oberlin had won. More than a century later, the controversy continued as the Oberlin Alumni Magazine published an article about "The Day Oberlin Beat Michigan".


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Postseason
Wrote The Oberlin Review in 1892: "Mr. Heisman has entirely remade our football. He has taught us scientific football."


1892 Oberlin Yeomen football team, Personnel
Oberlin's team trainer, "nurse to the wounded," was pre-med student Clarence Hemingway, who would go on to practice medicine in Oak Park, Illinois, and pass on his love of hunting in Michigan to his son, future novelist Ernest Hemingway.


1892 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1892 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1892 college football season. They played all their home games at Recreation Park and were coached by Jack Ryder. The Buckeyes finished the season with a 5–3 record.


1892 Open Championship
The 1892 Open Championship was the 32nd Open Championship, held 22–23 September at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Harold Hilton, an amateur, won the Championship by three strokes from another amateur John Ball and two professionals: Sandy Herd and Hugh Kirkaldy. This was the second win by an amateur following Ball's victory in 1890.


1892 Open Championship
The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers had previously hosted the Open six times on the public nine-hole Musselburgh Links before building the private 18-hole course at Muirfield. The Muirfield course had only been completed nine months before the Championship. The 1892 Open was the first to be contested over 72 holes and the first to take place on two days. 36 holes were played each day. As in previous years the order of play was determined by a draw but it was decided that a different draw would be used on the two days.


1892 Open Championship
After the announcement that the Open would move from Musselburgh to Muirfield, a number of local golfers protested about the change of venue. When the Honourable Company refused to change the venue back to Musselburgh, these members determined to run their own "open" competition on the same days as the official event. By offering much higher prize money, they hoped to induce the leading professionals to play in their "open". This, however, resulted in a large increase in the prize money for the official event from £30 in 1891 to over £100. Realising that the leading players would play in the official Open, the Musselburgh Open Tournament was moved to an earlier date (14 and 15 September) so that the professionals could compete in both events.


1892 Open Championship, Details
Herd was one of the early starters on the first day and his 77 gave him an early lead. He was later passed by John Ball, who scored 75, and by Horace Hutchinson with a 74. Hutchinson had a 78 in the afternoon to lead on 152, three ahead of Ball, Herd and Willie Park Jr.


1892 Open Championship, Details
Ball was one of the early starters on the second day and, finishing with seven successive fours, had a 74 and a total of 229. Herd had a 77 to lie three behind Ball. Hutchinson started badly with a six at the 1st and eventually finished with an 86 and a total of 238, nine behind Ball. The highlight of the morning was Hilton's round of 72. He started with a two and followed with six fours and an outward nine of 35. Coming home in 37 his total of 231 put him in second place, only two behind Ball. Kirkaldy lay fourth on 233.


1892 Open Championship, Details
Ball had a 79 in the final round to finish on 308. Kirkaldy came to last hole needing a five to beat Ball but topped his third shot into a bunker and took six to tie with Ball on 308. Soon afterwards, Herd came to the last also needing a five to finish ahead of Ball. However, he also took six after three-putting and Ball, Kirkaldy and Herd were all tied in the lead. Hilton was the last of the leading players to start.


1892 Open Championship, Details
He took six at the 2nd hole but then pitched in at the 3rd and holed from 15 yards at the 6th. Playing perfectly, he reached the 16th tee needing to score 18 from the last three holes to win. He took five at the 16th but followed with a three to simply need an eight at the last to win. Taking six he won the three strokes.


1892 Open Championship, Details
In tying for 5th place James Kay, long-term professional at Seaton Carew Golf Club, reached his highest position in the 22 Open Championships in which he played. He also tied for 6th in 1893.


1892 Open Championship, Details
There was some controversy after the finish when, the winner being an amateur, the first prize of £35 "was withdrawn according to the rules" and not distributed to the professionals, "a proceeding, however, which did not altogether please the professionals, who hardly seemed to understand the arrangement". Herd and Kirkaldy shared the second and third prizes of £18 and £12, receiving £15 each. An unnamed member donated £5 to be given to the player with the lowest round, to be given in cash to professionals or to buy a memento if an amateur. A miniature gold medal was presented to the winner.


1892 Open Championship, Final leaderboard
As an amateur Hilton did not receive the first prize of £35. He did, however, receive a gold medal and £5 in plate for recording the lowest score for a single round. The Royal Liverpool Club, of which he was a member, received possession of the Championship Cup for the year. The prize money for the professionals was reduced accordingly to £75.


1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open
The Musselburgh Open took place a week before the official event on 14 and 15 September. Because of the late change in date entries were allowed until the opening day. 58 players competed including six amateurs. Most of the leading professionals played. The tournament format was similar to that of the official Open except that, Musselburgh being only a nine-hole course, there were eight rounds of nine holes rather than four rounds of 18.


1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open
The first prize was £30 and a championship gold medal. There were 11 other prizes from £16 down to £2 and total prize money of £95. If the winner was an amateur he would receive £30 in plate but otherwise amateurs would not receive prize money.


1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open
Douglas McEwan was leader after the first round with 36. After two rounds Willie Fernie and Sandy Herd led on 75. Jack Kirkaldy took over the lead after a third round of 35 to lead on 112, a lead he maintained at the end of the day after a 36 put him on 148. Herd was second on 153.


1892 Open Championship, Musselburgh Open
In the fifth round Kirkaldy took eight at the 2nd and 3rd holes and finished with 44. Herd took over the lead on 190. Herd himself had a bad sixth round and David Brown led on 231. Willie Park Jr. scored 37 in the seventh round and led on 269 and finishing with a last round 36 his total was 305, five ahead of the rest. After some good golf Tom Vardon came second. Park had trailed by ten at the end of the first day.


1892 Orange Athletic Club football team
The 1892 Orange Athletic Club football team was an American football team that represented the Orange Athletic Club in the American Football Union (AFU) during the 1892 college football season. The AFU in 1892 consisted of three amateur football teams – the Orange Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club from Manhattan, and the Crescent Athletic Club from Brooklyn.


1892 Orange Athletic Club football team
The Orange team played its home games at the Orange Oval in East Orange, New Jersey, compiled a 4–4–4 record (1–1 against AFU opponents), and played against some of the best teams in the country, losing to Yale 58 to 0 and Princeton 23 to 0. On December 17th, the OAC faced the Varuna Boat Club of Bay Ridge in one of the most well-known sport venues in the United States, Madison Square Garden.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election
The second election to Pembrokeshire County Council was held on 8 March 1892. It was preceded by the 1889 election and followed by the 1895 election.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Overview of the result
At the inaugural election in 1889 most seats were contested, but three years later many of the sitting members were returned unopposed.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Unopposed returns
In the vast majority of wards, candidates were returned unopposed. There were fewer contested elections than three years previously.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Boundary changes
Multi-member wards in Pembroke and Pembroke Dock were replaced by single member wards. Tenby continued as a two member ward.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Results, Castlemartin
Earl Cawdor, who was elected at the inaugural election, was replaced by another Conservative representative.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Results, Eglwyswrw
The returning member gave his casting vote in favour of the sitting member, Thomas Williams.


1892 Pembrokeshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
Mr G. P. Brewer (L.), N arberth, 46 votes; Mr Joseph Thomas (L.), Haverfordwest, 38; Mr Benjamin Rees (L.), Granant, 38; Mr H. Seymour Allen (L.), Crescelly, 28; Rev William Evans (L.), Pembroke Dock, 23 Mr R. Thomas (L.). Trebover, 28; Mr William Watts Williams (L.), St. David's, 28; Mr William Mason (L.), Pem- broke Dock, 26.


1892 Penn Quakers football team
The 1892 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1892 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 15–1 record in their first year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, George Washington Woodruff. Significant games included victories over Penn State (20–0), Navy (16–0), Lafayette (8–6 and 10–4), and Princeton (6–4), and its sole loss to undefeated national champion Yale (28–0). The 1892 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 405 to 52. Penn halfback Harry Thayer was selected by both Walter Camp and Caspar Whitney as a first-team player on the 1892 College Football All-America Team.


1892 Penn State football team
The 1892 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1892 college football season. The team was coached by George Hoskins and played its home games on the Old Main lawn in University Park, Pennsylvania.


1892 Perth colonial by-election
The 1892 Perth colonial by-election was a by-election held on 12 January 1892 for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Perth, which covered the city of Perth and its immediate environs.


1892 Perth colonial by-election
The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the sitting member, Dr Edward Scott. Scott had been elected at the inaugural elections of the Assembly on 10 December 1890, and served both as the member and the Mayor of Perth. He travelled to England following the completion of his mayoral term, and by mid-November 1891, it had become clear he intended to resign his parliamentary seat, and he sent a telegram to the Speaker and a letter to his lawyer, Mr E. Sholl.


1892 Perth colonial by-election
However, under the Constitution Act 1889, his seat could not be declared vacant as the Act stipulated he had to resign "under his own hand" to the Speaker. This arrived by mail from England on 18 December 1891, and on 22 December, the seat was declared vacant and writs issued for a by-election to elect a new member.


1892 Perth colonial by-election, Candidates
Edward Vivien Harvey Keane, the mayor of Perth, had recently resigned his seat at Geraldton due to business interests, and was a contractor for the Midland Railway. He was supported by some Ministerial members of Parliament and by Timothy Quinlan, the member for West Perth who had recently joined the Opposition grouping.


1892 Perth colonial by-election, Candidates
Thomas Molloy, the senior councillor of the Perth City Council, also nominated. Molloy was supported by the Trades and Labor Council, as well as several Opposition members of Parliament including Alfred Canning and William Loton.


1892 Perth colonial by-election, Results
Within 50 minutes of the close of voting, it was clear that Molloy had won. 16 informal ballots were recorded, of which 7 were proxy votes which did not contain a date, whilst 9 had incorrectly voted at the booth. Molloy later addressed a large gathering in front of the People newspaper office in Murray Street, and the following evening, took up his seat in the Legislative Assembly next to Lancel de Hamel, the unofficial Opposition leader.


1892 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1892 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in American baseball. The team competed in the National League, which played a split season this year. The Phillies finished in third place in the first half of the season, and in fifth place in the second half. Their overall record was 87–66, fourth-best in the National League.


1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason, Spring training
The Phillies held spring training in Gainesville, Florida, the team's first spring in Florida. Twelve members of the team rode the train 40-hours from Philadelphia's Broad Street Station to Gainesville. They played an exhibition against the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. The team lost $469.69 on the trip.


1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season
The 1892 Pittsburgh Athletic Club football season  was their second season in existence. The team finished with a record of 3–3–1. This season also marked the first recorded accounts of professional players being used in American football.


1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 11th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; their sixth in the National League. In a split season schedule, the Pirates finished sixth in the first half of the season and fourth in the second half. Overall, the team had a record of 80–73, sixth-best in the 12-team National League.


1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1892 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 23 October 1892.


1892 Portuguese legislative election, Results
The results exclude the six seats won at national level and those from overseas territories.


1892 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1892 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1892 college football season. The team finished with a 12–2 record. The Tigers recorded 12 shutouts and outscored opponents by a combined total of 473 to 18. The team's sole losses were against Penn and Yale.


1892 Princeton Tigers football team
Two Princeton players, quarterback Philip King and guard Art Wheeler, were consensus first-team honorees on the 1892 College Football All-America Team. Both were also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1892 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1892 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented Purdue University in the 1892 college football season. In their second year under head coach Knowlton Ames, the Boilermakers compiled an undefeated 8–0 record (5–0 Big Ten) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 320 to 24, including victories over Illinois (12-6), Wisconsin (32-4), Michigan (24-0), Indiana (68-0), and Chicago (38-0). J. C. Teeters was the team captain.


1892 Quebec general election
In the 1892 Quebec general election on March 8, 1892, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Conservative Party, led by Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Félix-Gabriel Marchand.


1892 Quebec general election
Mercier had been accused of corruption and removed from office as Premier by Quebec Lieutenant-governor Auguste-Réal Angers on December 16, 1891. The scandal probably influenced the outcome of the election. Mercier gave up the post of Liberal leader (and leader of the Opposition) to Félix-Gabriel Marchand, and was later acquitted of all charges.


1892 Quebec general election
Boucher de Boucherville resigned a year later, and was replaced by Louis-Olivier Taillon as Conservative leader and premier. Taillon in turn resigned in 1896, and was replaced by Edmund James Flynn. Flynn lost the 1897 election, and the Conservatives never held power in Quebec again.


1892 Rangitikei by-election
The 1892 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the fifth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1880 and the following one took place in 1909. Robert Bruce, who had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890, won the by-election narrowly.


1892 Rangitikei by-election
This was the last election in Rangitikei and the fifth last election overall in New Zealand in which there was no universal suffrage. The Electoral Act 1893 extended voting rights to all women aged 21 and over.


1892 Rangitikei by-election, Background
Robert Bruce, an independent, had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890. In 1890 he contested the election for the Waitotara electorate in South Taranaki, but was beaten by incumbent George Hutchison. The Rangitikei electorate, meanwhile, was won by Douglas Hastings Macarthur, but Macarthur died on 24 May 1892. Macarthur's death resulted in a by-election which took place on 8 July 1892.


1892 Rangitikei by-election, Background
The two candidates for this by-election were Robert Bruce, a previous MP and conservationist, and John Stevens, also a previous MP for Rangitikei between 1881 and 1884. Bruce was a candidate for the opposition and Stevens was an Independent Liberal as the Liberal Party was reluctant to endorse him in light of the recent Bruce by-election in which the candidate the Liberal Party endorsed lost by a large margin. Furthermore, the result was regarded as "a foregone conclusion in favour of Mr Bruce".


1892 Rangitikei by-election, Results
The by-election was much closer than what was expected as Bruce won by 61 votes, a margin of less than 3%. After the election results were announced at the Club Hotel in Marton both candidates gave speeches and enjoyed a whisky together.


1892 Rangitikei by-election, Results
Bruce would never go on to win another election, as he temporarily retired in 1893 and lost to Stevens in the Manawatu electorate in both 1896 and 1899.


1892 Recreo earthquake
The 1892 Recreo earthquake took place in the Catamarca Province of Argentina on 21 March at about 01:45 AM, with magnitude of 6.0 on the Richter magnitude scale. Its epicenter was located  approximately at , and at a depth of about 30 kilometres (19 mi).


1892 Recreo earthquake
The earthquake had a maximum felt intensity of VII on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused some fatalities and serious structural damage in the town of Recreo.


1892 Republican National Convention
The 1892 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held at the Industrial Exposition Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota, from June 7 to June 10, 1892. The party nominated President Benjamin Harrison for re-election on the first ballot and Whitelaw Reid of New York for vice president.


1892 Republican National Convention
James S. Clarkson of Iowa was the outgoing chairman of the Republican National Committee. J. Sloat Fassett of New York was Temporary Chairman, and Governor William McKinley Jr. of Ohio was the Permanent Chair of the convention.


1892 Republican National Convention
Harrison's Secretary of State James G. Blaine, who had resigned from the cabinet on June 4, 1892, the eve of the convention, had his name submitted for consideration by the delegates, but drew little support. Future president William McKinley tied Blaine for second place among the delegates.


1892 Republican National Convention
Although successful in his bid for renomination, President Harrison's performance was underwhelming for an incumbent, in part to the crushing defeat that the party had suffered in the 1890 mid-term elections. He and Reid would lose the fall 1892 election to former President Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson.


1892 Republican National Convention
The 1892 RNC was also the first convention where women were allowed to be delegates. Therese Alberta (Parkinson) Jenkins, delegate from Wyoming, cast the first vote by a woman for president; Wyoming had granted full suffrage for women at statehood in 1890.


1892 Republican National Convention, Results, Presidential ballot
Source: . . (January 8, 2010). Source: . . (September 7, 2009).


1892 Republican National Convention, Vice Presidential ballot
Vice President Levi Morton was dumped from the ticket, as Harrison was not particularly fond of Morton, who was closer to Blaine supporters. Morton was replaced by Ambassador Whitelaw Reid of Ohio.


1892 Republican National Convention, Vice Presidential ballot
This was also the first, and so far only, time in U.S. political history where the presidential and vice presidential nominees were both graduates from the same university: Harrison and Reid were graduates of Miami University located in Oxford, Ohio.


1892 Republican National Convention, Republican Party Platform
The Republican platform supported high tariffs, bimetallism, stiffer immigration laws, free rural mail delivery, and a canal across Central America. It also expressed sympathy for the Irish Home Rule Movement and the plight of Jews under persecution in czarist Russia.


1892 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1892 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1892. Republican nominee Daniel Russell Brown defeated Democratic nominee William T. C. Wardwell with 50.22% of the vote.


1892 Richmond Colts football team
The 1892 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as an independent during the 1892 college football season. Led by Penwick Shelton in his first and only year as head coach, Richmond compiled a record of 2–3.


1892 Romanian general election
General elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania in February–March 1892, ending in a major victory for the incumbent Conservative Party cabinet. The elections reunited the mainstream Conservatives, under Prime Minister Lascăr Catargiu, with the breakaway Junimea faction. The cabinet which organized and won the election, then governed to 1895, reunited three doyens of Romanian conservatism: Catargiu, Petre P. Carp, and Take Ionescu. All three represented the political line most favored by Carol I, King of Romania.


1892 Romanian general election
The elections for both Assembly and Senate were unusually free in their historical context, but still noted for their various irregularities. The Opposition, led by the National Liberal Party (PNL), was poorly prepared for the race, having failed to reunite around a common platform.


1892 Romanian general election
The years 1891–1893 witnessed the defeat and passing of a liberal founders' generation, under brothers Ion and Dimitrie Brătianu, and the ascendancy of a new party elite, under Dimitrie Sturdza. This interval was used by Carp for the advancement of various fiscal and administrative reforms, some of which were violently resisted by the middle- and lower-class population. The period also rekindled debates about the census suffrage, contributing to the emergence of a small Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1893.


1892 Romanian general election, Context
During most of 1891, Romania had a "Liberal Conservative Party" cabinet headed by Ion Emanuel Florescu, but maneuvered by Catargiu, the Interior Minister; it was supported in the Assembly by George D. Vernescu and his "Sincere Liberal" group, which had torn itself off from the PNL. According to cultural historian Z. Ornea, Vernescu had "poisoned his relations with the [national] liberals to such a degree that, unable to return into the fold, he made it his mission to take up a comfortable and authoritative seat on the leadership of the conservative party."


1892 Romanian general election, Context
The Junimea society had by then drifted away from Catargiu's party, declaring their incompatibility with Vernescu, as well as with Catargiu's left-wing partner, George Panu. From June 1889, the Junimists under Titu Maiorescu where an autonomous "Constitutional Party", formed around the newspapers Epoca and România Liberă. The Catargiu–Florescu alliance had replaced another Conservative cabinet, headed by General Gheorghe Manu, and conditionally supported by Junimea. The latter's fall had marked the definitive divorce between the Conservatives and Junimea: as Minister of Education, Maiorescu had failed to pass his law on schooling reform, and had withdrawn the Constitutionalists from the coalition.


1892 Romanian general election, Context
Lacking Junimist support, Florescu's administration won the elections of April 1891 with an inconsistent majority. The PNL-led Opposition had 60 of 183 deputies, including 7 Junimists and Vasile Morțun, the maverick socialist. However, they also signified a defeat for prominent PNL figures: Panu, Nicolae Fleva, and party leader Ion Brătianu, who died soon after this personal deception.


1892 Romanian general election, Context
In early November, Florescu's coalition fell apart: King Carol I and various Conservative politicians demanded Vernescu's expulsion, and a "Conservative concentration"—that is to say, an ideologically coherent government, with the inclusion of Junimea delegates. Conflicts also erupted between Catargiu and Vernescu, over the appointment of Nicolae Moret Blaremberg as Minister of Justice, and over Vernescu's vetoing of Catargist candidates in the parliamentary bureaus. The government was split by other historic rivalries—Florescu and Pache Protopopescu, the Mayor of Bucharest, had both defected from Vernescu's party, and only had conditional support from Catargiu. At the time, Protopopescu resigned from his post, giving Vernescu a token victory.


1892 Romanian general election, Context
On November 18, Catargiu, Iacob Lahovary and Constantin Olănescu resigned from the cabinet, leaving Florescu without parliamentary backing. Florescu attempted to present the king with a reformed cabinet, but was snubbed by the latter; Catargiu was given a mandate to form his cabinet, which took office nine days later. On December 9, however, a consolidated opposition of PNL and "Sincere Liberal" parliamentarians passed a motion of no confidence. The king called in early elections, but obtained from Catargiu a promise to form the "Conservative consolidation" before that time. He refused to consider a PNL cabinet under Dimitrie Sturdza, because he felt that the party was in disarray after Brătianu's death, and also because Catargiu, unlike many of the PNL doctrinaires, fully endorsed Romania's participation in the Triple Alliance.


1892 Romanian general election, Context
On November 15, Catargiu had visited Maiorescu in his home, for the first time in over a decade of mutual antipathy. The consolidation pact was sealed by December 12, when the Catargiu cabinet came to include three Junimists: Petre P. Carp, Menelas Ghermani, and Alexandru Marghiloman; also joining the team, and weakening the Opposition, was a popular former PNL cadre, Take Ionescu.


1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results
By February 13, the government had presented its comprehensive program: "It promises various welcome reforms, such as the improvement of fortunes for the small landowners and industrialists, the immovability of judges, the reorganization of sanitation services, a partial reorganization of the army, possibly the reduction of tariffs, and education reform." This move prompted the various liberal factions to speed up their own merger, although, as noted by Conservative journalist Constantin Bacalbașa, they were "taken up by surprise, disorganized, [...] divided into four factions, with no single government platform."


1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results
The elections were widely seen as marred by irregularities, and to some degree fraudulent. According to Bacalbașa: "as always in Romania, the administration's pressures [on the voters] ran very high." However, Ornea suggests that they were overall "free elections", "more relaxed" that usual, and offering genuine legitimacy to the consolidation cabinet. A total 68,295 voters were registered for the Assembly, with 57,766 (85%) in the 2nd and 3rd Colleges—of low- and medium-income electors. 46,880, or 68.6% voted, of which 2.6% were blank or invalid ballots. There were 16,406 voters registered for Senate, with 9,120 (55.5%) in the 2nd (and last) College. 11,188, or 68.1%, cast their votes, with 1.6% of these being blank or invalid ballots.


1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results
The result was an uncontested majority for the Conservatives and the Junimists. Following the first round of February, 137 of 183 deputies were with the Catargiu majority, and 27 with the Opposition; 19 more sections were left to settle during ballotage in March. Writer Radu Rosetti, a protégé of Catargiu's, was among those reelected, after defeating Radu Ralea in an intense campaign at Fălciu County's 3rd College. Conservative winners also included A. C. Cuza, the former socialist and Junimist, emerging as an antisemitic doctrinaire, who took his first mandate in the Assembly.


1892 Romanian general election, Campaign and results
Five more candidates of the PNL-led alliance won seats in the lower chamber during ballotage; they were joined by three independents, who caucused with the Opposition. One of these was the "peasant deputy", Constantin Dobrescu-Argeș. In Senate, the government counted on 57 supporters to 17, from a total of 112 eligible senators (8 more were appointed by the Romanian Orthodox Church). Most factional leaders, including Vernescu, Panu, Dimitrie Brătianu, Eugeniu Stătescu, and Petre S. Aurelian, were elected to either Assembly or Senate. An exception was George D. Pallade, who lost, for the first time in his career, at Bârlad.


1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath
The "Conservative concentration" was unique in its era, in that it provided political stability under a Conservative cabinet—variously described as a "barely disguised Junimist government" or a Conservative coalition "on the basis of Junimist principles." Virtually unopposed in the Assembly, the Catargiu administration was able to push through Carp's reforms. This was tested immediately by the votes for Assembly and Senate Presidents, going to General Manu and G. G. Catacuzino, respectively. The Catargiu–Carp partnership ran a full term in office, to 1895—the first such Conservative cabinet since 1871, and the last one in history. According to Bacalbașa, it should be seen as "one of Romania's most competent and most civilized"—functioning so despite the mutual resentment between its two leaders. As noted by Ornea, the cabinet was primarily kept because it guaranteed the preservation of Carol's foreign policy.


1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath
D. Brătianu, who had taken over the PNL leadership from his deceased brother, also died in June 1892, leaving the party to be run and reorganized by Sturdza. Although the Catargiu regime was unusually stable, the Opposition mustered enough support to sabotage some of Carp's laws. Carp's move to overtax rural industries and make them support administrative decentralization infuriated the populace. In April 1893, instigated by Sturdza, wagoners and artisans blocked the entrance to Parliament on Dealul Mitropoliei; by 1894, these disturbances erupted into full-blown riots in various parts of the country.


1892 Romanian general election, Aftermath
Slowly turning toward ethnic and economic nationalism, especially so during the Transylvanian Memorandum affair of 1892, Sturdza put up "a sustained effort [...] to overturn the Conservative government. The next three years were by all accounts one of the most tumultuous periods in the history of Romanian political parties between the achievement of independence and the First World War."