1883 Grand National
The 1883 Grand National was the 45th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1883. With only 10 starters, it was the smallest Grand National field in history (excluding the precursors of 1836-8).


1883 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1883 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1883 college football season. The team compiled an 8–2 record, losing its rivalry games against both Princeton and Yale. Randolph M. Appleton was the team captain.


1883 Home Nations Championship
The 1883 Home Nations Championship was the inaugural series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Five matches were played between 16 December 1882 and 3 March 1883. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.


1883 Home Nations Championship
England were the inaugural winners, and in beating the other three nations became the first winners of the Triple Crown although the phrase was not in use at the time (actually not before 1894).


1883 Home Nations Championship, Results, Scoring system
The matches for this season were decided on goals scored. A goal was awarded for a successful conversion after a try, for a dropped goal or for a goal from mark. If a game was drawn, any unconverted tries were tallied to give a winner. If there was still no clear winner, the match was declared a draw.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
Wales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College) capt., Harry Bowen (Llanelli), William Norton (Cardiff), James Clare (Cardiff), Charlie Newman (Newport), David Gwynn (Swansea), Edward Treharne (Pontypridd), Thomas Judson (Llanelli), Frank Purdon (Swansea) Tom Clapp (Nantyglo), Bob Gould (Newport), George Frederick Harding (Newport), Alfred Cattell (Llanelli), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), George Morris (Swansea)


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
England: AS Taylor (Blackheath), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Oxford University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), RS Kindersley (Oxford University), CS Wooldridge (Oxford University), Harry Vassall (Oxford University), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), Graham Standing (Blackheath), WM Tatham (Oxford University), Robert Henderson (Blackheath), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
England started off their winning campaign by beating the newest of the home nations, Wales. This was the second meeting between the two countries and the first rugby union international hosted on Welsh soil. The match is also recognised as the first match where brothers of former international were also capped; England's Arthur Evanson and Arthur Taylor, brothers of Wyndham Evanson and Henry Taylor. Another first was referee A Herbert, the first Welshman to officiate an international rugby union match.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Wales vs. England
After the humiliation of the first meeting between the two sides, when Wales lost by a margin of 13 tries, this game was seen as a vast improvement in play. The 'competent' Welsh team were undone by Australian Oxford scholar Gregory Wade, whose wing play the Welsh team had difficulty stopping.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Scotland: David Kidston (Glasgow Acads), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), DJ Macfarlan (London Scottish), WS Brown (Edinburgh Inst FP), Andrew Ramsay Don Wauchope (Fettesian-Lorettonians), A Walker (West of Scotland), T Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., JG Mowat (Glasgow Acads), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), JG Walker (West of Scotland), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Acads)


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Wales: Charles Lewis (Llandovery College) capt., William Norton (Cardiff), Bill Evans (Rhymney), Charlie Newman (Newport), George Frederick Harding (Newport), John Arthur Jones (Cardiff), John Griffin (Edinburgh University), Thomas Judson (Llanelli), Frank Purdon (Swansea) Tom Clapp (Nantyglo), Bob Gould (Newport), Alfred Cattell (Llanelli), Thomas Baker Jones (Newport), George Morris (Swansea), Horace Lyne (Newport)


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
This was the very first time the home nations of Scotland and Wales had faced each other in a rugby union game. Wales lost this opening game, and it would take another six attempts for the Welsh to be victorious over the Scots.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. Wales
Wales turned up for the game one man short, so were forced to draft in Dr. A. Griffin of Edinburgh University as a replacement forward. The match also saw two Championship firsts; the first siblings to play in a Championship match AJ Walker and JG Walker, and also the first player to leave the field of play due to injury, when JG Walker twisted his knee in the first 15 minutes. This game also saw the last international match of the season for A.R. Don 'Bunny' Wauchope, when the talismanic Scot was incapacitated by a knee injury.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland
England: AS Taylor (Blackheath), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Oxford University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), HT Twynam (Richmond), JH Payne (Broughton), EJ Moore (Oxford University), CS Woolridge (Oxford University), BB Middleton (Birkenhead Park), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), Graham Standing (Blackheath), WM Tatham (Oxford University), RM Pattisson (Cambridge University), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland
Ireland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), RE McLean (NIFC), RH Scovell (Dublin University), WW Fletcher (Kingstown), JP Warren (Kingstown), A Millar (Kingstown), SAM Bruce (NIFC), AJ Forrest (Wanderers), JW Taylor (NIFC), DF Moore (Wanderers), H King (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast), RW Hughes (NIFC), FS Heuston (Kingstown), G Scriven (Dublin University) capt.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, England vs. Ireland
Although the first meeting in the Championship between the countries, this was the ninth time Ireland and England had faced each other in an international rugby union game; and the ninth failure by the Irish to beat England. Wade was again the standout player for the English. However, Ireland played most of the game with 14 men, after R.W. Hughes withdrew after suffering terrible sea-sickness on the notoriously rough voyage across the Irish Sea. For Ireland four players were 'one cap' internationals, Fletcher, Warren, Forrest and Millar.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Ireland: JWR Morrow (Queen's College, Belfast), RE McLean (NIFC), WW Pike (Kingstown), AM Whitestone (Dublin University), SR Collier (Queen's College, Belfast), WA Wallis (Wanderers), SAM Bruce (NIFC), R Nelson (Queen's College, Belfast), JW Taylor (NIFC), DF Moore (Wanderers), H King (Dublin University), JA McDonald (Methodist College, Belfast), RW Hughes (NIFC), FS Heuston (Kingstown), G Scriven (Dublin University) capt.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Scotland: JP Veitch (Royal HSFP), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), MF Reid (Loretto), GR Aitchison (Edinburgh Wanderers), PW Smeaton (Edinburgh Acads. ), A Walker (West of Scotland), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., William Peterkin (Edinburgh Uni. ), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), D McCowan (West of Scotland), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Acads)


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
The first meeting between the two countries in the Home Nations Championship was played on a heavily waterlogged pitch at North of Ireland's Ormeau Road. The Irish team suffered badly in the conditions and at one point were playing with just ten men due to injuries. Heavy Irish defending was the only reason the score line remained so close.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Ireland vs. Scotland
Scotland continued their practice of capping promising schoolboys with the inclusion of Marshall Reid, an 18-year-old form Loretto School.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England
Scotland: David Kidston (Glasgow Acads), Bill Maclagan (London Scottish), MF Reid (Loretto), WS Brown (Edinburgh Inst FP), PW Smeaton (Edinburgh Acads. ), A Walker (West of Scotland), T Ainslie (Edinburgh Inst FP), JB Brown (Glasgow Acads), John Jamieson (West of Scotland), DY Cassels (West of Scotland) capt., JG Mowat (Glasgow Acads), C Reid (Edinburgh Acads), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Inst FP), D McCowan (West of Scotland), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Acads)


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England
England: HB Tristram (Oxford University), CG Wade (Oxford University), Arthur Evanson (Oxford University), WN Bolton (Blackheath), A Rotherham (Oxford University), JH Payne (Broughton), EJ Moore (Oxford University), CS Wooldridge (Oxford University), Robert Henderson (Blackheath), Herbert Fuller (Cambridge University), Charles Gurdon (Richmond), WM Tatham (Oxford University), RM Pattisson (Cambridge University), GT Thomson (Halifax), ET Gurdon (Richmond) capt.


1883 Home Nations Championship, The matches, Scotland vs. England
With both England and Scotland victorious in their first two matches, this encounter became the Championship decider. England used six backs, to Scotland's five, and the tactic was successful with a narrow English win. The scoring of one of the English tries was greeted with derision by sections of the Edinburgh crowd, which was deplored by the President of the SRU at the after-game dinner.


1883 Honduran presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Honduras between 9 and 11 November 1883. The result was a victory for Luis Bográn.


1883 Honduran presidential election, Background
President Marco Aurelio Soto resigned from office on 10 March 1883. Although he claimed to be ill, it was considered likely that he was concerned by rumours that Guatemalan president Justo Rufino Barrios was supporting Soto's opponents. Although Soto's resignation was rejected, he was allowed to travel to the United States and Europe, and in May passed power to a Council of Ministers consisting of Bográn, Enrique Gutiérrez Lozano and Rafael Alvarado Manzano. He resigned from office again on 27 August.


1883 Honduran presidential election, Background
Gutiérrez was the favourite to succeed Soto, but died on 11 September during the election campaign.


1883 Inangahua by-election
The 1883 Inangahua by-election was a by-election held on 14 May 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of Inangahua.


1883 Inangahua by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas S. Weston. The by-election was won by Edward Shaw.


1883 Inangahua by-election
He was opposed by Edward Wakefield, who opposed the Government. Wakefield got large majorities at Brunnerton and Black's Point.


1883 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1883 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 29 November 1883.


1883 Invercargill mayoral election
William Sherriffs Moir was elected mayor. His opponents would go on to be the next two mayors.


1883 Iowa Senate election
In the 1883 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twentieth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1883 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 45 seats to Democrats' two seats, two Greenbackers, and one Independent.


1883 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 24 Senate seats.


1883 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1883 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 39 seats and Democrats having 11 seats (a net gain of 9 seats for Democrats).


1883 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1883 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1883. Incumbent Republican Buren R. Sherman defeated Democratic nominee L. G. Kinne with 50.15% of the vote.


1883 Ipswich by-election
The 1883 by-election for Ipswich was held when the sitting Conservative MP Thomas Clement Cobbold died. It was won by the Liberal candidate Henry Wyndham West. The unsuccessful conservative candidate was William Thomas Charley.


1883 Kentucky Derby
The 1883 Kentucky Derby was the 9th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 23, 1883. An article in the Louisville Commercial about the 1883 Derby contained the first reference to the track as Churchill Downs.


1883 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 1883 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 3, 1883. Democratic nominee J. Proctor Knott defeated Republican nominee Thomas Z. Morrow with 59.97% of the vote.


1883 Lafayette football team
The 1883 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1883 college football season. Playing without a regular coach, the team compiled a 2–4 record and was outscored by a total of 126 to 110. Theodore Welles was the team captain, and F. Drake was the manager. The team played its home games on The Quad in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1883 Lewisburg football team
The 1883 Lewisburg football team represented the University at Lewisburg—now known as Bucknell University—during the 1883 college football season. The team lost its only game to Lafayette.


1883 Liberian general election
Presidential elections were held in Liberia in May 1883. Only one candidate, Hilary R. W. Johnson, contested the election, and was supported by both the True Whig Party and the Republican Party. Following the election, Johnson declared himself to be a True Whig. He took office on 7 January 1884.


1883 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 1 November 1883. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.


1883 Liverpool City Council election
This was the first local election since the passing of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 which "criminalised attempts to bribe voters and standardised the amount that could be spent on election expenses" and introduced election agents.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections
At the meeting of the Council on 9 November 1883, the terms of office of eight alderman expired.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections
The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the Council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1892 for a term of six years.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 6, Castle Street, 13 November 1883
Caused by the resignation of Councillor Samuel Smith MP (Liberal, Castle Street, elected 1 November 1882) which was reported to the Council on 5 December 1883.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 12, Lime Street, 23 November 1883
Caused by the election of Councillor Edward Grindley  (Conservative, Lime Street, elected 1 November 1881) as an aldermen by the Council (councillors and aldermen) on 9 November 1883.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Aldermanic By-Election, 9 January 1884
Caused by the death of Alderman Andrew Boyd on 20 December 1883. Subsequently, former Councillor David Radcliffe (Conservative, Rodney Street, elected 1 November 1880) , of Formby Hall Ainsdale, was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 9 January 1884.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 14, West Derby, 26 April 1884
Caused by the death of Councillor Samuel Leigh Gregson (Conservative, West Derby, elected 1 November 1882)on 3 April 1884.


1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9, Great George, 21 May 1884
Caused by the resignation of Councillor John Frederick Rogers (Party?, Great George, elected 1 November 1883).


1883 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, No. 9, Great George, 2 September 1884
Caused by the death of Councillor Benjamin Lewis (Liberal, Great George, elected 1 November 1882)  on 12 August 1884.


1883 Louisville Eclipse season
The 1883 Louisville Eclipse season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 52–45 record, fifth place in the American Association.


1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs


1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs


1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Louisville Eclipse season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Maltese general election
General elections were held in Malta between 8 and 11 October 1883. All but one of the elected Council members were members of the Anti-Reform Party.


1883 Maltese general election, Background
The elections were held under the 1849 constitution, which provided for an 18-member Government Council, of which ten members would be appointed and eight elected.


1883 Maltese general election, Results
A total of 10,637 people were registered to vote, of which just 2,749 cast votes, giving a turnout of 26%.


1883 Manitoba general election
The 1883 Manitoba general election and was held on January 23, 1883.


1883 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1883 Maryland gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1883.


1883 Maryland gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor William Thomas Hamilton did not seek re-election.


1883 Maryland gubernatorial election
Democratic candidate Robert Milligan McLane defeated Republican candidate Hart B. Holton.


1883 Massachusetts Aggies football team
The 1883 Massachusetts Aggies football team represented Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1883 college football season. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. Massachusetts finished the season with a record of 1–1.


1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6.


1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
Governor Benjamin Butler ran for re-election on a fusion ticket between the Democratic Party and the Greenback Labor Party but was defeated by Republican U.S. Representative George D. Robinson.


1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
In the concurrent but separate election for Lieutenant Governor, Republican Oliver Ames was re-elected to a second term.


1883 Massachusetts legislature
The 104th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1883 during the governorship of Benjamin Butler. George Glover Crocker served as president of the Senate and George A. Marden served as speaker of the House.


1883 Melbourne Cup
The 1883 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 6 November 1883.


1883 Melbourne Cup
This year was the 23rd running of the Melbourne Cup. The race was run by 5/1 favourite Martini-Henry who became the first New Zealand bred horse to win the race. He also the first and to date only Melbourne Cup winner to have a hyphen in its name. Martini-Henry won this race at just his second start and had won the VRC Derby at his first start three days earlier. Martini-Henry would go on to the VRC St Leger in the autumn before break down in the Caulfield Cup and being retired to stud.


1883 Melbourne Cup
This is the list of placegetters for the 1883 Melbourne Cup.


1883 Men's Tennis tour
The 1883 Men's tennis tour was the seventh annual tennis tour, consisting of 31 tournaments. The Wimbledon Championships was won by William Renshaw for the third consecutive year, while Richard Sears continued his dominance at the U.S. National Championships also winning a third successive title. Other big winners this season were Ernest Renshaw, picking up the Irish Championships, Herbert Wilberforce winning the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships in Manchester, and Herbert Lawford collecting his second and final title at the Princes Club Championships. The title leader this season was Charles Walder Grinstead winning 5 tournaments from 6 finals.


1883 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar
Notes 1: Challenge Round: the final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of tennis (from 1877 through 1921), in some tournaments not all.


1883 Men's Tennis tour, Calendar
Notes 2:Tournaments in italics were events that were staged only once that season


1883 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1883 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1883 college football season. The Wolverines played their only home game at the Ann Arbor Fairgrounds.


1883 Michigan Wolverines football team, Roster
The following is the roster of the 1883 team as listed in the University of Michigan yearbook, The Palladium, for 1884. Forwards


1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 1883 college football season. The season was the only season under head coach Thomas Peebles, the first coach in the history of the program. He came to the University to teach philosophy and since he had played football with distinction at Princeton University, he was recruited to coach the football team. He was described as "having a twinkling eye, a moustache, winged collars and the bearing of a scholar so that even on the field of play he looked as though he were en route to the court of St. James."


1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Upon arrival in Northfield, Minnesota for the first game of the year, there was a dispute between the arriving players from Minnesota and the team representing Carleton College. Carleton insisted that a member of the faculty be allowed to play, and they also insisted on playing rugby style football. Coach Peebles preferred the soccer style of play, but agreed to the conditions as long as he could act as the referee. Carleton won the game 4–2.


1883 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Team of 1883: J.W. Adams (captain), Don Davidson, Mitchell, Blanding, Niles, Winchell, Graham, McNair, Bassett, Smith, Hammond, Crafts."


1883 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1883 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1883 to elect the governor of Minnesota.


1883 Mudgee colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 6 March 1883 because of the resignation of Adolphus Taylor after a heated argument with the member for Upper Hunter John McElhone in which McElhone challenged Taylor to resign and both would contest Taylor's seat.


1883 Mudgee colonial by-election, Aftermath
McElhone was re-elected at the by-election for Upper Hunter which was conducted on the same day, with the Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate reporting that McElhone had been nominated without his authority.


1883 NYU Violets football team
The 1883 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University in the 1883 college football season. The team played two games, the score for week one is unknown while the score for the game against Paterson was a 4–2 win.


1883 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1883 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1883 college football season. The team was the third intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and the first time the school participated in consecutive seasons. The squad was captained by member Frank Hill. The team played just a single game, a 2 to 0 (2–0) shutout loss to Johns Hopkins, which was the school's first ever loss. The squad was the first to have the approval of the academy's staff, and is regarded as the first official game played by the Midshipmen. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins.


1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude
The first intercollegiate football game was played on November 6, 1869, between the Rutgers Scarlet Knights, then known as the Rutgers Queensmen, and the New Jersey Tigers, now the Princeton Tigers. The game was a mixture of rugby and soccer, with teams scoring by kicking the ball into the opponent's net. The game slowly developed, with many new and safer rules being added during the early 1870s. The number of schools participating in the sport also grew. However, even with the expansion, Princeton dominated the game, being declared the champion eight times in ten years. Yale was the only team which came close to Princeton, being awarded four championship designations during the same period.


1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Prelude
The Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students. The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie. It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, at most likely an unused drill field on the Naval Academy campus. Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, likely due to the lack of support. When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8–0 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting the seven-year rivalry between the schools.


1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Season summary, Johns Hopkins 2, Navy 0
The Naval Academy team played its only game of the 1883 season against a squad from Johns Hopkins University. It was captained by Frank Hill, and was the first squad to receive approval from Naval Academy faculty. Previously, the squad was operated entirely by students. The game was played at the Naval Academy on November 29, 1883, Thanksgiving Day, most likely on an unused drill field or parade field. The game "began in heat and discussion", with the "skillful and light weight" Johns Hopkins controlling the "endurance and muscle" of the Naval Academy's team. However, tensions in the game quickly escalated. During the middle of the game, "matters grew so hot" that Johns Hopkins players were preparing to stop playing. Johns Hopkins scored two single-point safeties and shutout Navy, winning 2–0. The game "ended in quarrel and wrangle".


1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath
The first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east–west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl. The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5–1–2 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14–14 in the match. As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1882 season. According to statistics compiled by the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, the Helms Athletic Foundation, and the Billingsley college football research center, Yale was declared the 1883 season champion, giving them their ninth championship overall.


1883 Navy Midshipmen football team, Postseason and aftermath
The Midshipmen's loss was the first in school history, and ended the team's shutout streak at two seasons. The Naval Academy would not get another shutout until the 1886 season, when they defeated Johns Hopkins 6–0. The 1883 season continued a seven-season, eight-game long rivalry with Johns Hopkins, which Navy would win, five games to four. The 1883 game was the first win for Johns Hopkins, which had officially started playing football in 1881. 1883 is considered to be the first season played by the Naval Academy, according to the school athletic department. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14–12–2. The school would outscore their opponents 292–231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54–19–3.


1883 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1883 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1883. Democratic nominee Leon Abbett defeated Republican nominee Jonathan Dixon with 49.93% of the vote.


1883 New York Gothams season
The 1883 New York Gothams season was the franchise's first season. The team replaced the Troy Trojans when the National League awarded its franchise rights to John B. Day. The team went 46–50, finishing in sixth place.


1883 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 New York Gothams season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 New York Metropolitans season
The 1883 New York Metropolitans finished with a 54–42 record, fourth place in the American Association. This was the first season in the Association for the Metropolitans, who had previously played as an independent team from 1880–1882.


1883 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs


1883 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs


1883 New York Metropolitans season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 New York state election
The 1883 New York state election was held on November 6, 1883, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer and the State Engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, a constitutional amendment to abolish contract labor from the state prisons was proposed and accepted with 498,402 votes for and 269,377 against.


1883 New York state election, History
The Greenback-Labor state convention met on September 5, and nominated Thomas K. Beecher for Secretary of State, Louis A. Post for Attorney General, Gaius L. Halsey for Comptroller, Jurian Winne for Treasurer and Edwin A. Stillman for State Engineer.


1883 New York state election, History
The Republican state convention met on September 19 at Richfield Springs, New York. Elbridge G. Lapham was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Warner Miller as President. The incumbents, Secretary of State Joseph B. Carr, Comptroller Ira Davenport, State Engineer Silas Seymour and Attorney General Leslie W. Russell, were re-nominated by acclamation. Pliny T. Sexton was nominated for Treasurer on the first ballot (vote: Sexton 260, Ethan Allen 215).


1883 New York state election, History
The Prohibition state convention met on September 26 at Syracuse, New York, and nominated Frederick Gates for Secretary of State, Stephen Merritt for Comptroller, James Baldwin for Treasurer, George A. Dudley for State Engineer and Virgil A. Willard for Attorney General.


1883 New York state election, History
The Democratic state convention met on September 27 at Buffalo, New York.


1883 New York state election, Results
The incumbents Carr and Maxwell were re-elected. The incumbents Davenport, Russell and Seymour were defeated.


1883 Newtown colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Newtown on 13 January 1883. The election was triggered by the appointment of Henry Copeland as Secretary for Public Works in the Stuart ministry.


1883 Newtown colonial by-election
George Reid comfortably retained his seat at the East Sydney by-election held the week before, while the six other ministers, Alexander Stuart (Illawarra), George Dibbs (St Leonards), Henry Cohen (West Maitland), James Farnell (New England), Francis Wright (Redfern) and Joseph Abbott (Gunnedah), were re-elected unopposed.


1883 Newtown colonial by-election, Aftermath
The next by-election was held the following week for East Sydney and Henry Copeland was comfortably elected.


1883 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1883 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 9, 1883. Democratic nominee George Hoadly defeated Republican nominee Joseph B. Foraker with 49.87% of the vote.


1883 Ontario general election
The 1883 Ontario general election was the fifth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada, to elect the 88 Members of the 5th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). Held on February 27, 1883, the fifth Ontario provincial election was the only one ever contested in the month of February.


1883 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a fourth consecutive term in government, despite losing nine seats in the Legislature.


1883 Ontario general election
The Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, won eight additional seats.


1883 Open Championship
The 1883 Open Championship was the 23rd Open Championship, held 16 November at the Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. Willie Fernie and Bob Ferguson were tied on 158 each. They had a 36-hole playoff on 17 November, Fernie winning by a single stroke from Ferguson.


1883 Open Championship
The weather was dull with light winds. Play did not begin until about 11:30 and with an early sunset the final groups played their last few holes in near darkness.


1883 Open Championship
Fernie led at lunch with rounds of 38 and 37. His total of 75 was two ahead of Willie Park Jr. and three ahead of Ferguson, the defending champion who had had rounds of 38 and 40.


1883 Open Championship
Fernie continued playing well although he took eight at the 3rd hole of his third round. Disaster came at the 2nd hole of the final round where he took 10. Despite this he had rounds of 40 and 43 and a total of 158. Park dropped out of contention in the afternoon and finished on 165. Interest now switched to Ferguson who was playing in the second to last group.


1883 Open Championship
His third round 42 seemed to put him out of the running but, playing in near darkness, he had a good last round of 38 to finish on 158 and tie with Fernie. Willie Brown was the best scorer in the afternoon with two rounds in the thirties but he finished on 160, two behind the leaders.


1883 Open Championship
The playoff on the following day was close throughout. Light rain fell during the first and last rounds but, despite this, there was a large crowd to watch the play. Ferguson got off to the better start and was soon two strokes up. Ferguson dropped two strokes at the 8th but Fernie took four at the last to drop a shot behind again. In the second round Ferguson again dropped two strokes on the 8th to level the scores again and dropping another at the last was now behind for the first time.


1883 Open Championship
When play resumed after lunch, the first three holes were halved before Ferguson levelled the match again at the short 4th. Fernie dropped another shot at the short 7th so Ferguson took the lead again. In the last round, Fernie again took the lead but by the time they reached the 8th tee the scores were level. Both players were on the green in two but Fernie three-putted and Ferguson took the lead to the last hole. Ferguson had the honour and hit his tee shot left of the hole while Fernie put his to four yards. Ferguson's first putt was short and then Fernie holed his putt for a two. "Quietness having been restored" Ferguson missed his putt and took four to give Fernie the Championship.


1883 Peninsula by-election
The 1883 Peninsula by-election was a by-election held on 22 January 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of Peninsula.


1883 Peninsula by-election
The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP James Seaton on 10 November 1882. The by-election was won by William Larnach.


1883 Peninsula by-election
He was opposed by Bishop Moran and Michael Donnelly. One sub-headline on the result of the election was "Bishop defeated". Another report expected a "close run" between Larnarch and Donnelly, but the Bishop came second.


1883 Penn Quakers football team
The 1883 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1883 college football season. They finished with a 6–2–1 record.


1883 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1883 Philadelphia Athletics finished with a 66–32 record and won the championship of the  American Association.


1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Philadelphia Quakers season
The 1883 Philadelphia Quakers season was the first in the franchise's existence. The team was founded earlier in the year as a replacement for the Worcester franchise. It was the first year Philadelphia was represented in the National League since the original Athletics were disbanded in 1876. The American Association's Philadelphia Athletics had been founded a year earlier.


1883 Philadelphia Quakers season
The team opened the year managed by Bob Ferguson; however, he was fired as manager after a disappointing 4–13 start and replaced by Blondie Purcell. The team finished the season 17–81, worst in the National League.


1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Philadelphia Quakers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season
The 1883 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the 2nd season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise. The Alleghenys finished seventh in the American Association with a record of 31–67.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1883 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1883 college football season. The team finished with a 7–1 record and outscored opponents 238 to 26, using the new scoring rules introduced by Walter Camp. The Tigers won their first seven games before losing the final game of the season to Yale in New York.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team
Alex Moffat was the team's captain and star player. Moffat played at the halfback position and developed a reputation as "probably the greatest kicker ever seen on a football field." Football historian David M. Nelson credits Moffat with revolutionizing the kicking game in 1883 by developing the "spiral punt," described by Nelson as "a dramatic change from the traditional end-over-end kicks." Moffat has also been credited with inventing the drop kick, and kicked equally well with either foot. In 1883, Moffat kicked 32 goals in 15 games.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On Wednesday, October 17, Princeton defeated Rutgers at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Princeton totaled two goals and three touchdowns, all scored in the second half. Rutgers was held to three safe touchdowns.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On Monday, October 22, Princeton defeated Lafayette by a 53–6 score in a game played in Princeton. Princeton totaled five goals from field, four goals from touchdowns, and one touchdown.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On Wednesday, October 24, Princeton defeated Stevens Institute by a 14–0 score at the St. George's Cricket Club in New York. Princeton scored two goals and two touchdowns.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On October 27, Princeton defeated Rutgers by a 61–0 score in a game played in Princeton. Princeton totaled eight goals and three touchdowns to nine safeties.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On November 3, Princeton defeated Pennsylvania in a game played in Princeton by a score of 41–6. Princeton scored on four goals from touchdowns, two goals from field, and two touchdowns. Penn scored on one goal and three safeties.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On November 6, Princeton defeated Wesleyan by a 24–0 score at the Polo Grounds in New York. The game was played "under the new American college rules", while Yale played a game against Rutgers on the same day under the "old Rugby rules".


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On November 17, Princeton defeated Harvard by a 26–7 score at the Princeton football grounds. Princeton scored five goals and one touchdown and held Harvard to one goal and one touchdown. Moffat made all five goals, two drop kicks with his right foot, two drop kicks with his left foot, and one from placement.


1883 Princeton Tigers football team, Game summaries
On November 24, Princeton lost the final game of the season to Yale. The game was played at the Polo Grounds in New York. Yale scored one goal (worth six points) and held Princeton scoreless.


1883 Providence Grays season
The Providence Grays finished the 1883 season in third place after a hard-fought four-way battle for the National League pennant.


1883 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1883 Providence Grays season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1883 Queensland colonial election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 10 August 1883 and 30 October 1883 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1883 Queensland colonial election, Key dates
Due to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day. The elections were held in seven sets:


1883 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1883 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 4, 1883. Republican nominee Augustus O. Bourn defeated Democratic nominee William Sprague IV with 54.48% of the vote.


1883 Rochester tornado
On August 21, 1883, a devastating tornado affected southeastern portions—the Driftless Area—of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The massive tornado, retrospectively estimated to have been an F5 on the modern Fujita scale, caused at least 37 deaths and over 200 injuries. The tornado was part of a tornado family, a series of tornadoes produced by a supercell, that included at least two significant tornadoes across Southeast Minnesota on August 21. A third significant tornado occurred two hours before the main event hit Rochester.


1883 Rochester tornado
The Rochester tornado indirectly led to the formation of Saint Mary's Hospital, now part of the Mayo Clinic. The tornado closely followed destructive tornadoes a month earlier in the same area: on July 21, two significant, deadly tornadoes hit the area, including an F4 tornado family that killed four people in Dodge and Olmsted Counties, especially near Dodge Center.


1883 Rochester tornado, Meteorological synopsis
On the morning of August 21, a mid-latitude, deepening low-pressure center moved east-northeastward toward Minnesota, crossing the state during the afternoon and evening. The following morning, the cyclone had already deepened to at most 29.42 inHg (996 mb), suggesting a robust system on the preceding day. At the time, surface weather data from the Upper Mississippi Valley were sparse, but nearby observations in the afternoon indicated high temperatures in the middle 80s to low 90s °F. Eyewitnesses reported very humid conditions, indicating ample moisture for thunderstorms to develop. As author Joseph Leonard mentioned in the History of Olmsted County, Minnesota,


1883 Rochester tornado, Meteorological synopsis
At Rochester the day had been hot with a strong southeast wind, the air was smoky and oppressive, the heavens were overcast with clouds of a dull leaden line, and there were, apparently, three strata, all moving in different directions.


1883 Rochester tornado, Meteorological synopsis
Although meteorology in 1883 was primitive compared with modern science, Leonard's observations and other weather reports reveal quite a bit about the atmospheric conditions in Southeastern Minnesota on August 21. High temperatures, sufficient humidity, strong surface winds, and vertical wind shear appear to have all been present—all of which are key factors in the development of tornadoes.


1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track
By 4:00 p.m. CDT (21:00 UTC), light rain began falling over the area, and at 4:30 p.m. CDT (21:30 UTC), a thunderstorm spawned an F3 tornado about 10 mi (16 km) south of Rochester, near Pleasant Grove. The tornado killed two people, injured ten others, and damaged at least four farmsteads, one of which it destroyed. After the passage of the storm, conditions briefly improved. At about 6:00 p.m. CDT (23:00 UTC), residents of Rochester noticed a "low bank of cloud"—a thunderstorm—southwest of the city. Few residents were alarmed, but the storm rapidly grew in size and intensity as time passed.


1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track
The Rochester tornado first touched down at about 6:30 p.m. CDT (23:30 UTC), approximately 4 mi (6.4 km) northwest of Hayfield in Dodge County. The tornado damaged farmsteads in Westfield, Hayfield, Ashland, Vernon, and Canisteo townships. In all, the tornado passed through 40 farms across Dodge County, at least 10 of which it razed, killing five or more people.


1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track
As it entered Olmsted County, the tornado obliterated farmhouses, outbuildings, and machinery in Salem Township, causing one death. The tornado continued to destroy structures on farms in Kalmar, Cascade, and Rochester townships before entering the city of Rochester itself. Heavy rainfall preceded the tornado.


1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track
Just after 7:00 p.m. CDT (00:00 UTC), skies in Rochester assumed a greenish tint, and a rumbling sound became audible. The "roar" of the tornado gave many residents advance warning. "Dense darkness" enveloped the city as the tornado struck. In just five minutes, the tornado passed through the north side of Rochester, causing devastating damage. The northern third of Rochester was devastated, with 135 homes destroyed and 200 damaged. The tornado also caused extensive damage to a 1-mile-wide (1.6 km) swath that extended 10 mi (16 km) eastward from Rochester.


1883 Rochester tornado, Storm development and track
At 9:30 p.m. CDT (02:00 UTC), a final tornado, posthumously rated F3, killed one person and injured 19 others near St. Charles and Lewiston in Winona County.


1883 Rochester tornado, Impact, aftermath, and recovery
The city of Rochester did not have a place to treat the injured from this tornado, as all but three of Minnesota's hospitals were located in Minneapolis–Saint Paul at that time, and none of the remainder was sited near Rochester. Following the tornado, a dance hall in Rochester, Rommel Hall, served as a makeshift emergency room. Local doctor William Mayo and his two sons, William and Charles, assumed responsibility for the patients' wellbeing; Mother Mary Alfred Moes of the Sisters of St. Francis also assisted. Subsequently, the Mayo family and the Sisters of St. Francis collaborated to establish St. Mary's Hospital, which ultimately yielded the Mayo Clinic and later the Tornado Guild, the latter of which was dedicated to tornado preparedness.


1883 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1883 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1883 college football season. The Queensmen compiled a 1–6 record and were outscored by their opponents, 255 to 54. The team had no coach, and its captain was Charles Pattison.


1883 SAFA season
The 1883 South Australian Football Association season was the 7th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1883 SAFA season
The Victorian Football Club renamed itself North Adelaide at the beginning of the season but has no connection to the modern day North Adelaide Roosters.


1883 SAFA season, Ladder
Note: South Park were ranked above South Adelaide on head-to-head record (2-1).


1883 Scottish Cup Final
The 1883 Scottish Cup Final was the 10th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1882–83 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match - which ended in a 2–2 draw - was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 31 March 1883 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators. For the first time in the competition's history, the final was contested by two teams from outside Glasgow - Dumbarton, who had never won the cup before, and three-time winners Vale of Leven.


1883 Scottish Cup Final
The replay took place at the same venue on 7 April 1883 in front of 8,000 spectators. Dumbarton won the competition for the first - and so far only - time after they beat Vale of Leven 2–1.


1883 Scottish Cup Final
This was the last Scottish Cup final to be held at the first Hampden Park before it was demolished by the Caledonian Railway to make way for the Cathcart District Railway.


1883 Scottish Cup Final, Background
Vale of Leven had reached the final on three previous occasions, winning the trophy for three consecutive seasons between 1877 and 1879. Only Queen's Park (six) had played in more finals than Vale of Leven before 1883.


1883 Scottish Cup Final, Background
Dumbarton became the third different team to reach the final on three consecutive occasions after Queen's Park and Vale of Leven. Both their previous appearances in the final had ended in defeat after a replay to Queen's Park in 1881 and 1882.


1883 Scottish Cup Final, Background
As the earlier rounds of the Scottish Cup were regionalised at the time, Dunbartonshire clubs Dumbarton and Vale of Leven had previously met five times in the competition. Vale of Leven had gone on to win the Scottish Cup after their first two meetings in 1877–78 and 1878–79 but Dumbarton had won each of the subsequent three ties.


1883 Selwyn by-election
The 1883 Selwyn by-election was a by-election held on 6 April 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of Selwyn.


1883 Selwyn by-election
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Hall.


1883 Selwyn by-election
A government supporter, he was opposed by the Hon. Edward Richardson and John McLachlan.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season
The 1883 Southern Rugby Union season was the 10th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. Twelve clubs competed from May till August 1883. The season culminated in the Premiership, which was won by Redfern. This was the first premiership in which the winner was awarded the Gardiner Cup. Redfern were crowned Premiers at a committee meeting of the Union.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Teams
By the beginning of the season, the Southern Rugby Football Union had 37 clubs signed up as part of the Union. Out of these, 24 resided within the Sydney area with 6 representing a school or college. This left 18 clubs based within Sydney, independent of any school. Some of these clubs were considered to be "Senior" Clubs with the others called "Junior" Clubs.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Teams
It is not clear whether all clubs were eligible for the Premiership or a select group were. According to the Sydney Club Rugby discussion board on the Green and Gold Rugby website, 12 clubs competed for the Premiership. However, in the Australian Town and Country Journal, they state that these were only the principal clubs. This indicates that more clubs were considered when deciding upon the Premier Club. The Paddington Club was included in the list in the Australian Town and Country Journal, but was not included as a member club of the Union. They may have signed on at a later date.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Rule Changes
The rules were changed at the beginning of the season determining who was the victor in a match. Previously, games were decided by the number of goals scored irrespective of tries scored. The new system involved awarding points to tries and goals with the winner of the match being the team with the greatest number of points. As a result of this change, it was noticed that game tactics had changed with players working towards tries rather than goals. Some lamented this and suggested that the system be improved to encourage more kicking.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary
The 1883 SRFU Sydney Rugby Premiership was the first season to award the Premiers with the Gardiner Cup. This was a trophy sponsored by Mr W Gardiner for a football competition known as a 'challenge cup'. Unfortunately, the Union found it difficult to organise such a competition due to the lack of suitable playing fields and the disorganisation of club engagements. One of the biggest problems with matches was the encroachment of spectators onto the playing field. This would result in games being suspended. Police intervention was sought after to ensure games could continue uninterrupted. At the beginning of the season, the Union was able to arrange for a section of the grounds at Moore Park in the control of the Agricultural Society of NSW to be used for football matches.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary
The organisation for the Gardiner Cup was still unsettled by 14 June. At a meeting of the Southern Rugby Football Union, a suggestion was made to award the Cup to the Premiers of the season, as decided by the committee of the Union.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary
Premiers for 1883 were the Redfern Football Club. The first fifteen were undefeated for the season with only 11 points scored against them. Matches included games played against Junior teams. Their second game against Sydney University resulted in their opponents unable to form a team to play against them. President of the club was the Hon. Edmund Barton.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Season Summary
At the time, the Premiership was decided by a committee of the Union. It was not clear how the Union decided upon the Premier club. When the season had concluded, it was suggested that the relative positions of the clubs should not be left up to the allotment of the Union. It was suggested that a set of rules be arranged at the beginning of the season to determine the champion and what was needed to obtain the premiership.


1883 Southern Rugby Union season, Representative Games, Intercolonial Matches
After the success of the previous season's games, a New South Wales team was sent to Brisbane to compete against a Queensland team in two intercolonial matches. This was the first time that a representative team had been sent by the Southern Rugby Football Union. The first match saw a thrilling game with Queensland snatching the win 12 points to 11. Pratten ran the entire length of the field to score the winning try. At the conclusion of the game, the enthusiastic Queensland crowd carried Pratten from the field. The second match saw New South Wales win the game 13 points to nil surprising the Queensland crowd. The NSW forwards displayed superior power with the team showing superb passing.


1883 St. Louis Browns season
The St. Louis Browns 1883 season was the team's second season in St. Louis, Missouri and its second season in the American Association. The Browns went 65–33 during the season and finished second in the American Association.


1883 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Pos=Position, G=Games played, AB=At bats, R=Runs scored, H=Hits, 2B=Doubles, 3B=Triples, Avg=Batting average, HR=Home runs, RBI=Runs batted in, BB=Base on balls, Slg=Slugging percentage


1883 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
G=Games played, AB=At bats, R=Runs scored, H=Hits, 2B=Doubles, 3B=Triples, Avg.=Batting average, HR=Home runs, RBI=Runs batted in, BB=Base on balls, Slg=Slugging percentage


1883 Tehachapi train wreck
The Tehachapi train wreck occurred on January 20, 1883, near Tehachapi, California, when a runaway train rolled down a slope into a curve and derailed. The accident resulted in the deaths of 15 people, including former Wisconsin congressman Charles H. Larrabee and Maria Guirado, the wife of the former California Governor John G. Downey. Governor Downey was also injured in the wreck.


1883 Tehachapi train wreck, Incident
On January 20, 1883, a 4-8-0 steam locomotive had just climbed a steep peak in Tehachapi, California. However, when the train was left unattended, it became a runaway and derailed along the same track that it had previously climbed. Both sleeper cars, an express car, and the mail and baggage coaches derailed and ignited a fire. Fifteen were killed. Investigation into the incident revealed that two strangers had boarded the train. It is believed that these two men were robbers that had lost control of the train and would also die in the disaster.


1883 Transvaal presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Transvaal on 16 April 1883. The election was held after the country's triumvarate leadership, consisting of Paul Kruger, Piet Joubert and Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, was abolished. The result was a victory for Kruger, who was sworn in on 9 May.


1883 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1883 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, United States. The tournament ran from 21 August until 24 August. It was the 3rd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year.


1883 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles
Richard D. Sears /  James Dwight def. Arthur Newbold /  Alexander Van Rensselaer 6–0, 6–2, 6–2


1883 U.S. National Championships – Doubles
Dwight and Sears won the title by defeating Newbold and Van Rensselaer in the final.


1883 U.S. National Championships – Singles
Richard Sears won his third singles title in defeating James Dwight in the final 6–2, 6–0, 9–7 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1883 U.S. National Championships. Except for the final, each match was played on the best of three sets. Winner of a set was the player who won six games first, no two-games advantage was required. The participation was restricted to players who competed for US clubs.


1883 United States House of Representatives elections
There were several special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1883 during the 47th and 48th Congresses.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
The 1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held in January 1883. Incumbent Republican Senator George Frisbie Hoar was re-elected to a second term in office despite a serious challenge from Democrats and members of his own party.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
At the time, Massachusetts elected United States Senators by a resolution of the Massachusetts General Court.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature
At the time, the Massachusetts legislature was controlled by the Republican Party, as it had been since that party's founding. However, 1883 was the high point of the Massachusetts Democratic Party in the latter half of the 19th century. The upcoming Senate election was a dominant issue in the 1882 legislature elections.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, State legislature
The Senate was composed of 22 Republicans and 18 Democrats, and the House had 151 Republicans, 84 Democrats, and 5 independents. Unless the Republicans could emerge unanimously in favor of one candidate, it was possible for the Democratic Party to choose the winner from among the Republican candidates.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Anti-Hoar sentiment
Incumbent George F. Hoar, who was elected in 1877 after a protracted four-day struggle, faced strong opposition from within the Republican Party. The anti-Hoar faction cited his icy and aloof demeanor, which had allegedly cost him any chance at influence in the Senate.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Anti-Hoar sentiment
Harvard President Charles William Eliot was among those who called for Hoar's defeat.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Anti-Hoar sentiment
Newly-elected Democratic Governor Benjamin F. Butler, a former Republican, was also a bitter rival of Hoar, decreasing the chances that he could rely on Democratic votes. The Democratic party, now at its apex, also may have looked to defeat Hoar to weaken the unity of the Republicans in the long term. However, Governor Butler's inaugural address may have inflamed partisan tensions, leading many Republicans to return to Hoar's side.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Background, Edmunds speech
Before the election, Hoar made a speech in which he excoriated his Republican Senate colleague George F. Edmunds for missing a minor vote; Edmunds had been at the deathbed of his teenage daughter and just returned from her funeral. Edmunds rose in response and choking back tears said, "The Senator knows I was not present at the session." Hoar attempted to apologize, but his speech was widely criticized in the Democratic press.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Declared
The chief names offered by anti-Hoar faction were William W. Crapo and outgoing Governor John Davis Long, a candidate more friendly to the Butler Democrats and the younger "progressive" element in the Republican Party, including Henry Cabot Lodge and Oliver Ames. Any candidate faced the difficult task of uniting the disparate elements of the anti-Hoar faction, which included Democrats, Butler Republicans, and anti-reform Stalwarts.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Candidates, Potential
The following candidates were mentioned as potential candidates or received votes, but did not openly declare their willingness or desire to be elected.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, Republican conference (January 10)
There was some effort made by Long supporters to call for a binding caucus of the Republican legislators, but this effort was defeated at an informal conference. Speeches at the conference expressed favor for Senator Hoar.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16
On the fifth ballot, Democrats abandoned Bowerman in favor of Long, giving him victory in the Senate.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 16
In the House, a single ballot was taken, showing Hoar with a lead but 11 votes short of a majority.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 17
On the second day, the two houses met in a joint convention. No candidates achieved a majority, but Hoar and Long each gained.


1883 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Election, January 17
After the second ballot, a motion for a third ballot was defeated by the Hoar faction 128–119. The Long supporters claimed that a third ballot would have given their man the victory.


1883 Upper Hunter colonial by-election
The 1883 Upper Hunter colonial by-election was held on 6 March 1883 for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Upper Hunter because of the resignation of John McElhone after a heated argument with the member for Mudgee Adolphus Taylor in which McElhone challenged Taylor to resign and both would contest Taylor's seat. The Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate reported that despite McElhone saying he would not stand for Upper Hunter, he had been nominated without his authority.


1883 Upper Hunter colonial by-election, Results
John McElhone was defeated at the by-election for Mudgee which was conducted on the same day.


1883 VFA season
The 1883 Victorian Football Association season was the seventh season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. It was the club's fifth VFA premiership in just six seasons, and was the second in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884.


1883 VFA season, Association membership
As the East Melbourne Football Club folded in August 1882, the senior metropolitan membership of the Association (including Geelong) was reduced from seven to six clubs in 1883: Carlton, Essendon, Geelong, Hotham, Melbourne and South Melbourne.


1883 VFA season, Association membership
At this time, three other provincial senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management, for a total membership of nine: Ballarat, Albion Imperial and Horsham Unions. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership.


1883 VFA season, 1883 VFA premiership
The 1883 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club. Geelong won fifteen and drew three of its twenty-one matches for the season. It was named premiers ahead of runners-up South Melbourne, whose record of eighteen wins and three draws from twenty-five matches was almost equally meritorious. Carlton finished third.


1883 VFA season, 1883 VFA premiership, Club senior records
The below table details the playing records of the six clubs in all matches during the 1883 season. Two sets of results are given:


1883 VFA season, 1883 VFA premiership, Club senior records
The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper. The VFA had no formal process by which the clubs were ranked, so the below order should be considered indicative only, particularly since the fixturing of matches was not standardised; however, the top three placings were later acknowledged in publications including the Football Record and are considered official.


1883 Welsh Cup Final
The 1883 Welsh Cup Final, was the 6th in the competition. It was contested by Wrexham and Druids at The Racecourse, Wrexham.


1883 Wimbledon Championship
The 1883 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 7 July until 16 July. It was the 7th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1883. William Renshaw won for the third year running, and so won the original Field championship cup outright. The players changed ends at the end of each set, or (if the umpire so ruled) at the end of each game.


1883 Wimbledon Championship, Gentlemen's singles, Final
William Renshaw defeated  Ernest Renshaw, 2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3


1883 Wimbledon Championship – Singles
Ernest Renshaw defeated Donald Stewart 0–6, 6–3, 6–0, 6–2 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion William Renshaw defeated Ernest Renshaw 2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 in the Challenge Round to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1883 Wimbledon Championships. The challenge round was watched by 2500 spectators.


1883 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1883 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1883 college football season. The team compiled a 9–0 record, shut out eight of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents, 540 to 2. The team was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, Billingsley Report, National Championship Foundation and Parke H. Davis.


1883 college football season
The 1883 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Yale as having been selected national champions.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa
The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Indonesian: Letusan Krakatau 1883) in the Sunda Strait began on 20 May 1883 and peaked on the late morning of Monday, 27 August 1883, when over 70% of the island of Krakatoa and its surrounding archipelago were destroyed as it collapsed into a caldera.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa
The eruption was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history and explosions were so violent that they were heard 3,110 kilometres (1,930 mi) away in Perth, Western Australia, and Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800 kilometres (3,000 mi) away. The sound was claimed to be heard in 50 different locations around the world and the sound wave is recorded to have travelled the globe seven times over. At least 36,417 deaths are attributed to the eruption and the tsunamis it created.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa
Significant additional effects were also felt around the world in the days and weeks after the volcano's eruption. Additional seismic activity continued until February 1884; reports of seismic activity after October 1883 were later dismissed by Rogier Verbeek's investigation into the eruption.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Early phase
In the years before the 1883 eruption, seismic activity around the Krakatoa volcano was intense, with earthquakes felt as far away as Australia. Beginning on 19 May 1883, steam venting began to occur regularly from Perboewatan, the northernmost of the island's three cones. Eruptions of ash reached an estimated altitude of 6 km (20,000 ft) and explosions could be heard in New Batavia (Jakarta) 160 km (99 mi) away.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Early phase
Eruptions at Krakatoa started again around 16 June, with loud explosions of a thick black cloud covering the islands for five days. On 24 June, a prevailing east wind cleared the cloud, and two ash columns could be seen issuing from Krakatoa. The seat of the eruption is believed to have been a new vent or vents that formed between Perboewatan and Danan. The violence of the ongoing eruptions caused tides in the vicinity to be unusually high, and ships at anchor had to be moored with chains. Earthquakes were felt at Anyer, Banten, and ships began to report large pumice masses to the west in the Indian Ocean.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Early phase
In early August, a Dutch topographical engineer, Captain H. J. G. Ferzenaar, investigated the Krakatoa islands. He noted three major ash columns (the newer from Danan), which obscured the western part of the island, and steam plumes from at least eleven other vents, mostly between Danan and Rakata. When he landed, he noted an ash layer about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) thick, and the destruction of all vegetation, leaving only tree stumps. He advised against any further landings.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase
By 25 August, the Krakatoa eruptions intensified. At about 1:00 pm on 26 August, the volcano went into its paroxysmal phase. By 2:00 pm, a black cloud of ash could be seen 27 kilometres high. At this point, the eruption was almost continuous and explosions could be heard every ten minutes or so. Ships within 20 km (12 mi) of the volcano reported heavy ash fall, with pieces of hot pumice up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter landing on their decks. Between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm, a small tsunami hit the shores of Java and Sumatra, 40 km (25 mi) away.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase
On 27 August, four enormous explosions occurred, which marked the climax of the eruption. At 5:30 am, the first explosion was at Perboewatan, triggering a tsunami heading to Telok Betong, now known as Bandar Lampung. At 6:44 am, Krakatoa exploded again at Danan, with the resulting tsunami propagating eastward and westward.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase
The third and largest explosion, at 10:02 am, was so violent that it was heard 3,110 km (1,930 mi) away in Perth, Western Australia, and the Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800 km (3,000 mi) away, where the blast was thought to have been cannon fire from a nearby ship. The third explosion has been reported as the loudest sound heard in historic times.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase
The loudness of the blast heard 160 km (100 mi) from the volcano has been calculated to have been 180 dB. Each explosion was accompanied by tsunamis estimated to have been over 30 metres (98 feet) high in places. A large area of the Sunda Strait and places on the Sumatran coast were affected by pyroclastic flows from the volcano. The energy released from the explosion has been estimated to be equal to about 200 megatonnes of TNT (840 petajoules), roughly four times as powerful as the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. At 10:41 am, a landslide tore off half of Rakata volcano, along with the remainder of the island to the north of Rakata, causing the final explosion.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase, Pressure wave
The pressure wave generated by the colossal third explosion radiated out from Krakatoa at 1,086 km/h (675 mph). The eruption is estimated to have reached 310 dB, loud enough to be heard 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) away. It was so powerful that it ruptured the eardrums of sailors 64 km (40 miles) away on ships in the Sunda Strait, and caused a spike of more than 8.5 kilopascals (2.5 inHg) in pressure gauges 160 km (100 miles) away, attached to gasometers in the Batavia gasworks, sending them off the scale.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase, Pressure wave
The pressure wave was recorded on barographs all over the world. Several barographs recorded the wave seven times over the course of five days: four times with the wave travelling away from the volcano to its antipodal point, and three times travelling back to the volcano. Hence, the wave rounded the globe three and a half times. Ash was propelled to an estimated height of 80 km (50 mi).


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Climactic phase, Pressure wave
The eruptions diminished rapidly after that point, and by the morning of 28 August, Krakatoa was silent. Small eruptions, mostly of mud, continued into October 1883. By then, less than 30% of the original island remained.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects
The combination of pyroclastic flows, volcanic ash, and tsunamis associated with the Krakatoa eruptions had disastrous regional consequences. Some land in Banten, approximately 90 km south, was never repopulated; it reverted to jungle and is now the Ujung Kulon National Park. The official death toll recorded by the Dutch authorities was 36,417.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, "The Burning Ashes of Ketimbang"
Verbeek and others believe that the final major Krakatoa eruption was a lateral blast, or pyroclastic surge. Around noon on 27 August 1883, a rain of hot ash fell around Ketimbang (now Katibung in Lampung Province) in Sumatra. Approximately 1,000 people were killed in Sumatra; there were no survivors from the 3,000 people on the island of Sebesi. There are numerous reports of groups of human skeletons floating across the Indian Ocean on rafts of volcanic pumice and washing up on the east coast of Africa, up to a year after the eruption.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Tsunamis and distant effects
Ships as far away as South Africa rocked as tsunamis hit them, and the bodies of victims were found floating in the ocean for months after the event. The tsunamis which accompanied the eruption were believed to have been caused by gigantic pyroclastic flows entering the sea; each of the four great explosions was accompanied by large pyroclastic flows resulting from the gravitational collapse of the eruption columns. This caused several cubic kilometres of material to enter the sea, displacing an equal volume of seawater. The town of Merak was destroyed by a tsunami which was 46 metres high. Some of the pyroclastic flows reached the Sumatran coast as much as 40 km (25 mi) away, having apparently moved across the water on a cushion of superheated steam. There are also indications of submarine pyroclastic flows reaching 15 km (9.3 mi) from the volcano.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Tsunamis and distant effects
Smaller waves were recorded on tidal gauges as far away as the English Channel. These occurred too soon to be remnants of the initial tsunamis and may have been caused by concussive air waves from the eruption. These air waves circled the globe several times and were still detectable on barographs five days later.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Geographic effects
In the aftermath of the eruption, it was found that Krakatoa had almost entirely disappeared, except for the southern third. The Rakata cone was cut off along a vertical cliff, leaving behind a 250-metre (820 ft) cliff. Of the northern two-thirds of the island, only a rocky islet named Bootsmansrots ('Bosun's Rock'), a fragment of Danan, was left; Poolsche Hoed had totally disappeared.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Geographic effects
The huge amount of material deposited by the volcano drastically altered the surrounding ocean floor. It is estimated that as much as 18–21 km3 (4.3–5.0 cu mi) of ignimbrite were deposited over 1,100,000 km2 (420,000 sq mi), largely filling the 30–40 m (98–131 ft) deep basin around the mountain. The land masses of Verlaten and Lang islands were increased, as was the western part of the remnant of Rakata. Much of this gained material quickly eroded away, but volcanic ash continues to be a significant part of the geological composition of these islands. The basin was 100 m (330 ft) deep before the eruption, and 200–300 m (660–980 ft) after.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Geographic effects
Two nearby sandbanks (called Steers and Calmeyer after the two naval officers who investigated them) were built up into islands by ashfall, but the sea later washed them away. Seawater on hot volcanic deposits on Steers and Calmeyer had caused steam to rise, which some mistook for a continued eruption.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global climate
In the year following the eruption, average Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures fell by 0.4 °C (0.72 °F). The record rainfall that hit Southern California during the water year from July 1883 to June 1884 – Los Angeles received 970 millimetres (38.18 in) and San Diego 660 millimetres (25.97 in) – has been attributed to the Krakatoa eruption. There was no El Niño during that period as is normal when heavy rain occurs in Southern California, but many scientists doubt that there was a causal relationship.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global climate
The eruption injected an unusually large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas high into the stratosphere, which was subsequently transported by high-level winds all over the planet. This led to a global increase in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in high-level cirrus clouds. The resulting increase in cloud reflectivity (or albedo) reflected more incoming light from the sun than usual, and cooled the entire planet until the sulfur fell to the ground as acid precipitation.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global optical effects
The 1883 Krakatoa eruption darkened the sky worldwide for years afterwards and produced spectacular sunsets throughout the world for many months. British artist William Ascroft made thousands of colour sketches of the red sunsets halfway around the world from Krakatoa in the years after the eruption. The ash caused "such vivid red sunsets that fire engines were called out in New York, Poughkeepsie, and New Haven to quench the apparent conflagration." This eruption also produced a Bishop's Ring around the sun by day, and a volcanic purple light at twilight. In 2004, an astronomer proposed the idea that the red sky shown in Edvard Munch's 1893 painting The Scream is also an accurate depiction of the sky over Norway after the eruption.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Effects, Global optical effects
Weather watchers of the time tracked and mapped the effects on the sky. They labelled the phenomenon the "equatorial smoke stream". This was the first identification of what is known today as the jet stream. For several years following the eruption, it was reported that the moon appeared to be blue and sometimes green. This was because some of the ash clouds were filled with particles about 1 μm wide – the right size to strongly scatter red light, while allowing other colours to pass. White moonbeams shining through the clouds emerged blue, and sometimes green. People also saw lavender suns and, for the first time, recorded noctilucent clouds.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes
The fate of northern Krakatoa has been the subject of some dispute among geologists. It was originally proposed that the island had been blown apart by the force of the eruption. Most of the material deposited by the volcano is clearly magmatic in origin, and the caldera formed by the eruption is not extensively filled with deposits from the 1883 eruption. This indicates that the island subsided into an empty magma chamber at the end of the eruption sequence, rather than having been destroyed during the eruptions.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes
The established hypotheses – based on the findings of contemporary investigators – assume that part of the island subsided before the first explosions on the morning of 27 August. This forced the volcano's vents to be below sea level, causing:


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes
There is geological evidence which does not support the assumption that only subsidence before the explosion was the cause. For instance, the pumice and ignimbrite deposits are not of a kind consistent with a magma-seawater interaction. These findings have led to other hypotheses:


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Possible causes
A numerical model for a Krakatoa hydrovolcanic explosion and the resulting tsunami was described by Mader & Gittings, in 2006. A high wall of water is formed that is initially higher than 100 metres driven by the shocked water, basalt and air.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Verbeek investigation
Although the violent phase of the 1883 eruption was over by late afternoon of 27 August, after light returned by 29 August, reports continued for months that Krakatoa was still in eruption. One of the earliest duties of Verbeek's committee was to determine if this was true and also verify reports of other volcanoes erupting on Java and Sumatra. In general, these were found to be false, and Verbeek discounted any claims of Krakatoa still erupting after mid-October as due to steaming of hot material, landslides due to heavy monsoon rains that season, and "hallucinations due to electrical activity" seen from a distance.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Verbeek investigation
No signs of further activity were seen until 1913, when an eruption was reported. Investigation could find no evidence the volcano was awakening, and it was determined that what had been mistaken for renewed activity had actually been a major landslide (possibly the one which formed the second arc to Rakata's cliff).


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Verbeek investigation
Examinations after 1930 of bathymetric charts made in 1919 show evidence of a bulge indicative of magma near the surface at the site that became Anak Krakatau.


1883 eruption of Krakatoa, Comparison of selected volcanic eruptions
Vesuvius is estimated to have killed thousands, yet the death toll is uncertain: so far, evidence of fewer than 2,000 human deaths has been identified.


1883 in Argentina, Births
This article article about the history of Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1883 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1883 in Australia.


1883 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1883.


1883 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1883 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1883 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1883 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1883 in Belgium
The following lists events that happened during 1883 in the Kingdom of Belgium.


1883 in Canada, Historical documents
Destitute Cree insist government live up to its treaty obligations


1883 in Canada, Historical documents
Haida story of The Man in the Moon repeated by ethnographer James G. Swan and illustrated by Johnny Kit Elswa


1883 in Canada, Historical documents
Routing CPR line away from more fertile prairie land will hinder settlement


1883 in Canada, Historical documents
Mounties return stolen horses, but deny U.S. Army claim that Cree will wage war in Montana


1883 in Canada, Historical documents
One cattle hand shoots another, then outraces Mounties to U.S. border


1883 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1883
The Ontario Rugby Football Union was formed on January 6, 1883. The Quebec Rugby Football Union would organize ten days later.


1883 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1883, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1883 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1883 in Chile.


1883 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1883 in New Zealand.


1883 in New Zealand, Sport, Horse racing
The New Zealand Cup is so-named, the race having been run under another name since 1865.


1883 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1883 in Norwegian music.


1883 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1883 in South Africa.


1883 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1883 to Wales and its people.


1883 in association football
The following are the association football events of the year 1883 throughout the world.


1883 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1883  throughout the world.


1883 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1883.


1883 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1883.


1883 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1883 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1883 in poetry, Deaths
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1883 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1883.


1883 in science
The year 1883 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1883 in sports
1883 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1883 Çeşme earthquake
The 1883 Çeşme earthquake occurred at 13:30 UTC on October 15. It had a magnitude of 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. There was widespread damage in the Urla–Çeşme area with 3,600 homes destroyed and at least 120 people killed. There were damaging aftershocks on October 22 and November 1.


1883–84 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season
The 1881–82 season was the third season in which Bolton Wanderers competed in a senior competitive football competition. The club entered the FA Cup in November 1883, but were knocked out in the fourth round by Notts County.


1883–84 British Home Championship
The 1883–84 British Home Championship was the inaugural international football tournament, played between the Home Nations of the British Isles which at the time made up the constituent nations of the United Kingdom; England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. International football matches had begun with annual games played between England and Scotland in 1872 and they had been joined by Wales in 1876 and Ireland in 1882.


1883–84 British Home Championship
The tournament was played in an unusual layout, with Ireland playing all three of their games first, and losing heavily in each one. Then England and Scotland played what would eventually be the deciding match of the tournament, which Scotland won in a close fought contest. Finally, Wales played both England and Scotland, losing heavily to each in turn and thus granting Scotland victory in the first British Home Championship. Scotland won the final match, even though many of the best Scottish players were absent playing for Queen's Park FC in the 1884 FA Cup Final, which took place on the same day.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season
The 1883–84 season was the 11th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at a national level.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup
After the success of the previous season, Dumbarton fell at the 'first hurdle' in the Scottish Cup by losing to local rivals Renton.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup
Dumbarton's fortunes were no better in the Glasgow Charity Cup where they lost at the semi final stage to 3rd LRV. A protest was lodged by Dumbarton after the game that their opponents had played several players from other teams - against SFA rules.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Glasgow Charity Cup
However the basis of the objection was doomed to failure, due in part to the fact that the game had been refereed by the president of the SFA, and if the protest had been successful, Queen's Park's victory over Rangers would have had to be replayed, as the QP team was similarly sprinkled with 'guest' players - indeed it seemed that very few decisions went against Queens Park in those days!


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches
Notwithstanding the early cup exit, Dumbarton's fixture card was a busy one.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches
The season began with a charity match against Rangers in aid of the Daphne Disaster Fund. This was followed in Scotland with home and away fixtures against Queen's Park, Vale of Leven, Rangers, St Mirren (the Renfrewshire Cup holders) and St Bernards - all 10 of which were won, in addition to a 7-0 thumping of Ayrshire Cup holders Kilmarnock Athletic.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches
There were also 12 'friendly' matches played against English opposition, including home and away fixtures against Aston Villa, Walsall Swifts, Nottingham Forest, Blackburn Rovers and Blackburn Olympic, the 1882-83 FA Cup winners. The 6-1 win at Boghead against 'Olympic' was at the time recognised as the unofficial Championship of Great Britain.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies/other matches
In all, 23 matches were won, 1 drawn and 7 lost, scoring 95 goals and conceding 38.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
Of note amongst those donning the club's colours for the first time was Robert 'Plumber' Brown.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics
Only includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps
An international trial match was played on 8 March 1884 to consider selection of teams to represent Scotland against Ireland, England and Wales in the inaugural British Home Championship. Joe Lindsay, James McAulay, William McKinnon and Peter Miller were all selected to play for the 'Probables' against an 'Improbable' XI which included 'Sparrow' Brown and Jock Hutcheson. The game ended in a 2-2 draw with McKinnon scoring one of the 'Probables' goals.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps
- Robert 'Sparrow' Brown earned his first and second caps against Ireland and Wales respectively.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps
- Joe Lindsay earned his fourth and fifth caps against England and Wales respectively, scoring a goal in the 4-1 win over the Welsh.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps
- William McKinnon earned his third and fourth caps against England and Wales respectively.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International caps
- James McAulay earned his fourth cap against England and Michael Paton earned his second cap against Wales.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team
Dumbarton reached the final of the Scottish Second XI Cup for the second time in three seasons before losing out to the holders, Kilmarnock Athletic.


1883–84 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team
On the same day as the international trial, a Dumbartonshire XI played against a Glasgow XI to raise funds for the Second Eleven Association. Ralph Aitken, James Liddell, James Miller and W Watt played, with Miller scoring twice and Watt once in the 4-1 win.


1883–84 FA Cup
The 1883–84 Football Association Challenge Cup was the thirteenth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. One hundred teams entered, sixteen more than the previous season, although three of the one hundred never played a match.


1883–84 FA Cup
Preston North End was disqualified from the competition in February 1884, after an FA committee determined that the club had violated rules against professionalism by offering financial inducements to Scottish players.


1883–84 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season
Season 1883–84 was the ninth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the ninth time.


1883–84 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season, Overview
Hearts reached the third round of the Scottish Cup and were knocked out by Edinburgh rivals Hibs. Later that season they reached the semi final of the newly renamed East of Scotland Shield once again being knocked out by Hibs.


1883–84 Hibernian F.C. season
Season 1883–84 was the 8th season in which Hibernian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the 7th time.


1883–84 Hibernian F.C. season, Overview
Hibs reached the semi-final of the Scottish Cup, losing 5–1 to the Queen's Park.


1883–84 Iowa Hawkeyes men's soccer team
The 1883–84 Iowa Hawkeyes men's soccer team represented the State University of Iowa during the 1883–84 college soccer season. Per the Intercollegiate Football Research Association and the American Soccer History Archives, the 1883–84 squad was declared the de facto national champion during this season, although it was nearly 20 years prior to the first formal awarding of a collegiate soccer champion. The team played two matches against Cornell College and won both 1–0, giving them a perfect 2–0–0 record, leaving them with the best overall record among college soccer programs that season.


1883–84 Iowa Hawkeyes men's soccer team
According to a research study by Melvin Smith in his book Evolvements of Early American Foot Ball: Through the 1890/91 Season, it was Iowa's third season fielding a team.


1883–84 Morton F.C. season
The 1882–83 season was Morton Football Club's seventh season in which they competed at a national level, entering the inaugural Scottish Cup. The club competed in the Scottish Cup.


1883–84 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season
The 1883–84 season was the first season in which Newton Heath LYR F.C. competed in a senior competitive football competition, having spent the first five years of their existence playing friendly matches against local clubs. The club entered the Lancashire Cup in October 1883, but were knocked out in the first round by Blackburn Olympic's reserve team.


1883–84 Newton Heath LYR F.C. season, Lancashire Cup
For their first ever competitive match, Newton Heath were drawn at home to Blackburn Olympic in the first round of the Lancashire Cup. The opposition had won the FA Cup the previous season, beating Old Etonians in the final. However, they did not seem to be taking Newton Heath seriously, sending only their reserve team for the match, which was played on 27 October 1883. This gave the Heathens every chance of progressing to the next round, and indeed they were only 2–1 down at half-time. They then equalised shortly after the break, but were then hit by a barrage of goals, eventually losing the tie 7–2.