1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1823 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A tropical storm moved from Curaçao on July 8 to near Jamaica on July 10.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1823 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A tropical storm moved south of Jamaica on August 2 and August 3.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1823 Atlantic hurricane season
3) A hurricane which formed in the west-central Gulf of Mexico on September 11 moved slowly northeast, striking the central Gulf coast on September 14.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1824 Atlantic hurricane season
1) The Georgia Coastal Hurricane of 1824 or Hurricane San Pedro of 1824. A severe hurricane was sighted at Guadeloupe on September 7 and moved across the northeast Lesser Antilles. It passed very near south coast of Puerto Rico on September 9 and the southwest Atlantic to hit Florida on September 13, passing inland near Cape Florida and returning to sea near Cape Canaveral. A ship carrying the contractor and supplies for building three lighthouses in Florida was lost, possibly sunk by this storm. The storm then went ashore in Georgia and South Carolina on September 14, causing 100 deaths.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1824 Atlantic hurricane season
It washed out all bridges between Darien and Savannah. Moving northward, it hit Savannah and South Carolina before going out to sea. Because hurricanes were somewhat frequent, residents were used to evacuating the area. Those who did not evacuate saw the destruction caused by this strong hurricane. This is likely one of the strongest hurricanes to hit Georgia in its history.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1824 Atlantic hurricane season
2) Between September 26 and September 27, a tropical storm moved south of Jamaica.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1825 Atlantic hurricane season
1) Charleston Hurricane of 1825. A tropical storm formed south of Santo Domingo on May 28. It moved across Cuba on the 1st, and while moving across Florida it caused heavy winds. When it reached the western Atlantic it rapidly strengthened, hitting Charleston as a hurricane, but it lost strength over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1825 Atlantic hurricane season
2) On July 6, a moderate hurricane hit Puerto Rico, destroying 6 villages.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1825 Atlantic hurricane season
3) Hurricane Santa Ana of 1825. Two weeks later, on July 26, a powerful hurricane hit near Guadeloupe. It continued west-northwestward to hit Puerto Rico, causing 1,300 deaths, before tracking to the west of Bermuda by August 2. The Santa Ana hurricane may have been one of the most intense cyclones to strike Puerto Rico in the last few hundred years. No atmospheric pressure readings are available from Puerto Rico, however, a minimum pressure of 918 mbar (27.1 inHg) in Guadeloupe indicates that the storm was potentially a Category 5 strength hurricane (there are no officially observed Category 5 hurricanes before 1924). See List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1825 Atlantic hurricane season
4) A hurricane struck Haiti on September 28 and moved northwestward into northeast Florida by October 3.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1825 Atlantic hurricane season
5) On November 17–18, the schooner Harvest was wrecked on the North Carolina coast, probably near Nags Head, and five or more persons killed in what may have been a late season hurricane.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1826 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A hurricane hit the Cayman Islands and western Cuba on August 27, causing 33 deaths.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1826 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A tropical storm spotted near Dominica on August 31 moved west-northwest to Jamaica before moving northward to the Grand Banks by September 10.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1826 Atlantic hurricane season
3) Heavy cyclone devastated la Orotava valley, Tenerife, Canary Islands in November. About 500 – 1000 victims.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1827 Atlantic hurricane season
1) Tropical Storm San Jacinto of 1827 A hurricane struck Antigua and Puerto Rico on August 17, and moved westward to Jamaica before continuing westward to Vera Cruz, Mexico.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1827 Atlantic hurricane season
A hurricane formed over the Windward Islands on August 18. It moved northwest through the Bahamas on the 21st, and hit Cape Hatteras on August 24. It moved up the Chesapeake Bay, causing higher than normal tides, and eventually through New England by August 27. This is known as the St. Kitts Hurricane.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1827 Atlantic hurricane season
3) A hurricane struck Belize City on August 19, 1827, and “drove all ships on shore at Belize.” It has been identified as ‘Event 5’ in Belizean sedimentary records by McCloskey and Keller.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1827 Atlantic hurricane season
4) A tropical storm moved through the southwest Atlantic between the West Indies and Bermuda from August 29 to September 8.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1828 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A hurricane moved from the northern Lesser Antilles on September 15 northward by Bermuda on September 19, where it caused a "severe gale" and sank 3 ships, before moving into the north Atlantic shipping lanes.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1829 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A tropical storm moved through the Gulf of Mexico between July 9 and July 13.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1829 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A strong tropical storm moved through South Carolina and the Outer Banks of North Carolina before moving northwest of Bermuda during the last week of August.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1829 Atlantic hurricane season
3) On September 10, a hurricane hit the mouth of the Rio Grande. Port Isabel and Brazos Santiago saw great destruction, while other towns had higher than normal tides.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1829 Atlantic hurricane season
4) A hurricane hit Saint Bartholomew on October 26, possibly sinking one ship.


1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons, References, Books
Terry Tucker. Beware the Hurricane! The Story of the Gyratory Tropical Storms That Have Struck Bermuda. Bermuda: Hamilton Press, 1966, p. 87–89.


1820s in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the decade 1820–1829 to Wales and its people.


1820s in Western fashion
During the 1820s in European and European-influenced countries, fashionable women's clothing styles transitioned away from the classically influenced "Empire"/"Regency" styles of c. 1795–1820 (with their relatively unconfining empire silhouette) and re-adopted elements that had been characteristic of most of the 18th century (and were to be characteristic of the remainder of the 19th century), such as full skirts and clearly visible corseting of the natural waist.


1820s in Western fashion
The silhouette of men's fashion changed in similar ways: by the mid-1820s coats featured broad shoulders with puffed sleeves, a narrow waist, and full skirts. Trousers were worn for smart day wear, while breeches continued in use at court and in the country.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Overview
During the first half of the 1820s, there were slight gradual modifications of Regency styles, with the position of the waistline trending successively lower than the high waistline of the Regency (just below the breasts), and also further development of the trends of the late 1810s towards giving skirts a somewhat conical silhouette (as opposed to earlier more clinging and free-flowing styles), and in having various types of decoration (sometimes large and ornate) applied horizontally around the dress near the hem. Sleeves also began increasing in size, foreshadowing the styles of the 1830s. However, there was still no radical break with the Empire/Regency aesthetic. Skirts became even wider at the bottom during the 1820s, with more ornamentation and definition toward the bottom of the skirt such as tucks, pleats, ruffles, or loops of silk or fur.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Overview
During the second half of the 1820s, this neoclassical aesthetic was decisively repudiated, preparing the way for the main fashion features of the next ten to fifteen years (large sleeves, somewhat strict corseting of the natural waist, full skirts, elaborate large-circumference hats, and visual emphasis on wide sloping shoulders). Rich colors such as chrome yellow and Turkey red became popular, and fabrics with large bold checkerboard or plaid patterns became fashionable, (another contrast with the previous fashion period, which had favored small delicate pastel prints). A bustle was sometimes also worn. Belts accentuated the new defined waist.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Overview
Dresses were often worn with a round ruffled linen collar similar to a soft Elizabethan ruff.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Hairstyles and headgear
Early in the decade, hair was parted in the center front and styled into tight curls over the temples. As the decade progressed, these curls became more elaborate and expansive. The bun on the back became a looped knot worn high on top of the head. Wide-brimmed hats and hat-like bonnets with masses of feathers and ribbon trims were worn by mid-decade.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Hairstyles and headgear
Conservative married or older women wore indoor caps of fine linen descended from the earlier mob cap; these had a pleated or gathered caul on the back to cover the hair, and a narrow brim at the front that widened to cover the ears and often tied under the chin. These caps were worn under bonnets for street-wear.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Hairstyles and headgear
Women also began to wear caps known as a cornette around 1816. These caps were tied under the chin and worn indoors. They also tended to be greatly adorned with plumes, ribbons, flowers, and jewels. Another alternative to the cornette was the turban, also often bejeweled and adorned, which shows the great interest in exotic cultures.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Outerwear
Shawls remained popular. Cloaks and full-length coats were worn in cold or wet weather.


1820s in Western fashion, Women's fashions, Shoes
The fashionable shoe was a flat slipper. In the late 1820s, the first high shoe appeared and became vogue for both men and women. The shoe typically consisted of a three-inch high cloth top that laced on the inner side and a leather vamp that supported a long, narrow, and squared toe.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Overview
By the mid-1820s, men's fashion plates show a shapely ideal silhouette with broad shoulders emphasized with puffs at the sleevehead, a narrow waist, and very curvy hips.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Overview
A corset was required to achieve the tiny waistline shown in fashion plates. Already de rigueur in the wardrobes of military officers, men of all middle and upper classes began wearing them, out of the necessity to fit in with the fashionable gentry. Usually referred to as "girdles", "belts" or "vests" (as "corsets" and "stays" were considered feminine terms) they were used to cinch the waist to sometimes tiny proportions, although sometimes they were simply whalebone-stiffened waistcoats with lacing in the back.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Overview
Many contemporary cartoonists of the time poked fun at the repressed nature of the tightlaced gentlemen, although the style grew in popularity nonetheless. This was the case especially amidst middle-class men, who often used their wardrobe to promote themselves, at least  in their minds, to a higher class — hence the dandy was born.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Overview
The emergence of wool as a primary fabric choice for men's outer garments led to a revolution in tailoring that allowed fit and finish to be of the utmost importance as opposed to ornamentation. This revolution allowed for an idealized classical silhouette to be materialized in men's fashion.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Shirts and cravats
Shirts of linen or cotton featured tall standing collars and were worn with wide cravats tied in a soft bow.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Coats and waistcoats
Around 1820, coats began to be made in an entirely new way. The tails and lapels were cut separately and subsequently attached to the coat. This ensured a better fit, a greater following of the body's contours, and more consistent positioning, even when the coat was unbuttoned. The tails themselves were narrow, pointed, and fell just below the knee. The shoulders were broad and the coat stood off the chest, yet was snug at the waist. Coats also were padded at the chest and waist. The collars and lapels were also padded in order to stiffen them. The collars were high and shawl-like in order to frame the face. Coats were cut straight across the waist. Waistcoats were buttoned high on the chest. Cutaway coats were worn as in the previous period for formal daywear, but the skirts might almost meet at the front waist.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Coats and waistcoats
Frock coats had the same nipped-in waist and full skirts. Very fashionable sleeves were gathered or pleated into a slightly puffed "leg of mutton" shape. Coats could be made of wool or velvet, and jewel colors like bottle green and midnight blue were high style. Double-breasted coats were very much in fashion throughout the decade.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Trousers and breeches
Trousers underwent a notable change in the 1820s. The new fit was a product of the French Revolution as it was considered uncouth to wear attire that looked wealthy. The length of the pant changed from below the knee to below the ankle and the fit of the pant loosened slightly from the first decade of the 19th century. The pants featured a small waistline and flared out slightly at the hip with small pleats, creating the image of fullness in the hip region. The introduction of straps that went under the foot, known as stirrup pants, also changed the shape and fit of these trousers.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Trousers and breeches
Full -length light-colored trousers were worn for day; these were cut full through the hips and thighs, tapering to the ankles. They were held smoothly in place by straps fastened under the square-toed shoes. Dark trousers were worn for evening wear, and breeches were worn for formal functions at the British court (as they would be throughout the century). Breeches were also worn for horseback riding and other country pursuits, especially in Britain, with tall fitted boots.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Hats and hairstyles
Tall, silk hats again came into style. They were seen as a comfortable and light way to protect against sun and rain and were adequate for travelling and hunting. The crowns of tall hats also became curvy in keeping with the new style, and began to flare from the headband to the top. Curled hair and sideburns were fashionable.


1820s in Western fashion, Men's wear, Shoes
Rubber was introduced to Europe and America and created a shift in shoes from the pattens and clogs to the galosh. The galosh was soft and gummy in warm weather and hard and stiff in the cold. The style of men's shoes closely mirrored that of women's, as they were narrow, heelless slippers with low-cut vamps. They were very flimsy looking, as though they were held on by suction cups, for the leather barely covered the toes and hardly gripped the heel.


1820s in Western fashion, Children's fashion
Portrait of Alwine and Robert Uellenberg by Heinrich Christoph Kolbe, Germany, 1825


1820s in association football
The following are events in the 1820s decade which are relevant to the development of association football. All events happened in English football unless specified otherwise.


1820s in association football, Bibliography
This association football article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1820s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1820s.


1820–1821 Massachusetts legislature
The 41st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1820 and 1821 during the governorship of John Brooks. John Phillips served as president of the Senate and Elijah H. Mills served as speaker of the House.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
This was the first election in Maine since its separation from Massachusetts. In the previous election, Massachusetts had had 20 representatives. Seven seats (representing the 14th-20th districts) were reassigned from Massachusetts to Maine. In addition, under the terms of the law which admitted Maine to the union, any vacancies in the 16th Congress by Representatives elected to represent Massachusetts but residing in the new states of Maine would be filled by a resident of Maine.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
John Holmes, who had been elected to the House for the former 14th district of Massachusetts was elected as one of the first two senators for Maine. The vacancy was filled in a special election by Joseph Dane (Federalist). Dane was the only Representative officially considered as representing Maine in the 16th Congress. The Representatives from the 15th-20th districts were still classified as being from Massachusetts for the remainder of the 16th Congress.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
Maine elected its members November 7, 1820. Maine law required a majority to win election necessitating additional ballots if a majority was not received so additional ballots were held January 22, 1821 and September 10, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
This was the first election in Massachusetts after the separation of the former District of Maine as the new State of Maine, taking the old 14th – 20th districts with it.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members November 6, 1820. Massachusetts had a majority requirement for election, which was not met in the 2nd district necessitating two additional elections on January 8, 1821 and April 16, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, Notes
This Massachusetts elections–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
In 1820, Vermont returned to using districts. This would be the only election in which the 6th district would be used.


1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
Vermont elected its members September 5, 1820. A majority was required for election, which was not met in the 2nd or 3rd district, requiring additional ballots to achieve a majority. The 2nd district required 7 ballots. The 3rd district required two additional ballots. The additional ballots were held December 11, 1820, and February 19, May 1, July 2, September 4, and October 22, 1821.


1820–1821 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1820–1821 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on three separate dates from December 1820 to December 1821. On December 10, 1821, William Findlay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1820–1821 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 12, 1820, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1821. Two ballots were recorded on December 12. The election convention re-convened on January 16, 1821, when three ballots were recorded with no result, after which the convention adjourned sine die. Upon the expiration of incumbent Jonathan Roberts's term on March 4, 1821, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the nomination convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 10, 1821, and elected Democratic-Republican William Findlay to the seat. The results of the sixth and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:


1821
1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1821st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 821st  year of the 2nd millennium, the 21st  year of the 19th century, and the  2nd   year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1821, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1821 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1821 Alabama gubernatorial election was held on August 6, 1821, to elect the third Governor of Alabama. Democratic-Republican candidate Israel Pickens defeated fellow Democratic-Republican candidate Henry H. Chambers with 57.43% of the vote.


1821 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1821 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 12, 1821. Incumbent governor and Toleration Party candidate Oliver Wolcott Jr. was re-elected, winning with 86.91% of the vote.


1821 Coronation Honours
The 1821 Coronation Honours were appointments by King George IV to various orders and honours on the occasion of his coronation on 19 July 1821. The honours were published in The London Gazette on 14, 24 and 28 July 1821.


1821 Coronation Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1821 Kentucky's 8th congressional district special election
On October 13, 1821, before the first meeting of the 17th Congress, Wingfield Bullock (DR) of Kentucky's 8th district died. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy.


1821 Kentucky's 8th congressional district special election, Election result
Breckinridge took his seat on January 2, 1822, a month into the 1st Session of the 17th Congress.


1821 Light Regiment (India)
1821 Light Regiment is part of the Regiment of Artillery of the Indian Army.


1821 Light Regiment (India), Formation
1821 Light Regiment was raised at Siliguri on 15 September 1965 as 182 Light Regiment (Pack). The nucleus of the regiment was the 142 Mountain Battery – which itself was raised on 1 March 1962 as part of 51 Mountain Regiment (Pack) at Harchura (Rangapara North), Assam.


1821 Light Regiment (India), Formation
In 1973, 182 Light Regiment (Pack), was split into 1821 (Independent) Light Battery and 1822 (Independent) Light Battery. The class composition was changed from a single class (Sikhs) to ‘All India, All Classes’. On 4 August 1984, the 1821 (Independent) Light Battery was redesignated as 1821 Light Regiment.


1821 Light Regiment (India), History
142 Mountain Battery took part in the operations in NEFA in 1962.


1821 Light Regiment (India), History
During the Nathu La operation in 1967, 182 Light Regiment provided timely and effective fire support. Captain NS Burns was awarded the Sena Medal for his courageous action. It lost Gunner Sukhdev Singh.


1821 Light Regiment (India), History
The unit was part of the 104 Infantry Brigade under 19 Infantry Division in Tithwal Sub-sector. It proved its mettle in Lipa Valley at Tangdhar. It played a stellar role in providing fire support for the capture of Wanjal, when field and medium guns were crested.


1821 Light Regiment (India), History
The regiment has also participated in Operation Rakshak between 1993 and 1996 at Gund, during Operation Vijay in 1999 at RS Pura and in Operation Parakram.


1821 Light Regiment (India), Honours and Awards
The regiment has won one Sena Medal, one Mentioned in dispatches, four COAS Commendation Cards and six Army Commander Commendation Cards.


1821 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1821 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 10, 1821.


1821 Maine gubernatorial election
Incumbent acting Democratic-Republican Governor William D. Williamson became Governor in May 1821 when Governor William King resigned. Williamson did not stand for re-election but successfully stood for election to the U.S. House of Representatives.


1821 Maine gubernatorial election
Democratic-Republican candidate Albion Parris defeated Federalist candidate Ezekiel Whitman and Democratic-Republican Joshua Wingate, Jr.


1821 Maine gubernatorial election
Williamson would resign as Governor in December 1821 and be followed in office as acting Governor by Benjamin Ames and Daniel Rose before Parris took office in January 1822.


1821 New Jersey's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in New Jersey's at-large congressional district on October 8, 1821 to fill a vacancy caused by the death of John Linn (DR) on January 5, 1821, prior to the start of the 17th Congress.


1821 New Jersey's at-large congressional district special election, Election results
Condict took his seat with the rest of New Jersey's delegation at the start of the 1st session of the 17th Congress.


1821 New York's 6th congressional district special election
On September 7, 1821, Representative-elect Selah Tuthill (DR) of New York's 6th district died before the first meeting of the 17th Congress. A special election was held November 6–8, 1821 to fill the resulting vacancy.


1821 New York's 6th congressional district special election, Election results
Borland took his seat December 3, 1821, at the start of the First Session o the 17th Congress


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane
The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane was one of four known tropical cyclones that have made landfall in New York City. Another, even more intense hurricane in pre-Columbian times (sometime between 1278 and 1438) left evidence that was detected in southern New Jersey by paleotempestological research. The third was the 1893 New York hurricane, and the fourth was Hurricane Irene in 2011.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane
The first of three recorded tropical cyclones recorded in the 1821 Atlantic hurricane season, the storm that would eventually strike New York was first observed off the southeast United States coast on September 1, with winds estimated in excess of 135 mph (215 km/h). It moved ashore near Wilmington, North Carolina, and passed near Norfolk, Virginia before moving through the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey just inland. On September 3, the hurricane struck approximately near Jamaica Bay, which later became part of New York City, and on September 4 it was observed over New England. This was just 6 years after the destructive Great September Gale of 1815.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Meteorological history
A tropical cyclone was first observed on September 1 off the southeast coast of the United States. Initially, it was believed to be the same storm that struck Guadeloupe on the same day, though subsequent research indicated there were two separate storms. The hurricane tracked by the Bahamas while tracking generally northward, and it attained major hurricane status over the western Atlantic Ocean.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Meteorological history
As it approached the United States coastline, the hurricane was very intense, with winds estimated at over 135 mph (215 km/h) and potentially as strong as 160 mph (255 km/h), or a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Late on September 2, the hurricane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina and later turned to the northeast to cross the Pamlico Sound.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Meteorological history
The hurricane accelerated northeastward, and passed over the Hampton Roads area early on September 3. After crossing the Chesapeake Bay, the cyclone traversed the Delmarva Peninsula near the Atlantic coastline, and at around 1500 UTC the eye passed directly over Cape Henlopen, Delaware; a thirty-minute period of calm was reported. It continued across the Delaware Bay and later passed over Cape May, New Jersey, where a fifteen-minute calm was reported. Modern researchers estimate it was a Category 3 or Category 4 hurricane upon striking New Jersey, one of the few hurricanes to hit the state.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Meteorological history
Moving ashore at very low tide, it paralleled the state's coastline just inland, and after exiting into Lower New York Bay the hurricane made landfall on New York City at around 1930 UTC on September 3; this makes it the only major hurricane to directly hit the city. A minimal hurricane in 1893 also made landfall on what later became part of New York City. One modern researcher estimates the hurricane was moving at a forward speed of 35 mph (55 km/h), and upon moving ashore had a pressure of 965 mbar. The hurricane continued northeastward through New England, and after entering Massachusetts on September 4 its exact path was unknown; one researcher estimated the cyclone tracked northeastward until losing its identity over southeastern Maine, while another assessed the storm as passing far to the west of Maine.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Meteorological history
Based on the arrangement of effects in New England, meteorologist William C. Redfield deduced that the wind field and center of tropical cyclones are circular; previously the winds were believed to be in a straight line.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
The continuous cataracts of rain swept impetuously along, darkening the expanse of vision and apparently confounding the heaven, earth and seas in a general chaos


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
In North Carolina, a powerful storm surge flooded large portions of Portsmouth Island; residents estimated the island would have been completely under water had the worst of the storm lasted for two more hours. Strong winds occurred across eastern North Carolina, resulting in at least 76 destroyed houses. Numerous people were killed in Currituck.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
The strongest winds of the hurricane lasted for about an hour in southeastern Virginia, after which the storm rapidly abated. Several houses were completely destroyed, with many others receiving moderate to severe damage. The winds destroyed most of the roof of the courthouse, and uprooted trees across the region; fallen tree limbs damaged a stone bridge in Norfolk. The hurricane produced a strong storm surge along the Virginia coastline, which reached 10 feet (3 m) at Pungoteague on the Delmarva Peninsula.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
The storm surge, which reached several hundred yards inland, destroyed two bridges and flooded many warehouses along the Elizabeth River. Rough waves grounded the USS Guerriere and the USS Congress, and also destroyed several schooners and brigs. Along the eastern shore, the storm surge flooded barrier islands along the Atlantic coastline, causing severe crop damage and downing many trees. Several houses were destroyed, and at Pungoteague the impact of the hurricane was described as "unexampled destruction"; five people drowned in Chincoteague. Considered one of the most violent hurricanes on record in the Mid-Atlantic, the hurricane caused $200,000 in damage in Virginia (1821 USD, $3.1 million 2007 USD).


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
Gale-force winds affected the Delmarva Peninsula; on Poplar Island in Talbot County, Maryland, winds peaked at 1600 UTC on September 3. The strongest winds were confined to the Atlantic coastline, with outer rainbands producing heavy rainfall in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore. Fierce winds were observed in Cape Henlopen, Delaware, with the strongest gales occurring after the eye passed over the area.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
Upon making landfall on Cape May, New Jersey, the cyclone produced a 5-foot (1.5 m) storm surge on the Delaware Bay side of the city. Lasting for several hours, the hurricane-force winds were described as "[blowing] with great violence", causing widespread devastation across the region. Wind gusts in Cape May County reached over 110 mph (180 km/h), and around 130 mph (210 km/h) in Atlantic County. In Little Egg Harbor, the hurricane damaged to the port.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
Strong winds reached as far inland as Philadelphia, where winds of over 40 mph (65 km/h) downed trees and chimneys; in the city, precipitation accrued to 3.92 inches (99.6 mm). Further to the north, the hurricane destroyed a windmill at Bergen Point, New Jersey. Though the hurricane struck at low tide, it produced a storm surge of over 29 feet (9 m) along several portions of the New Jersey coastline, causing significant overwash.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
The hurricane produced a storm surge of 13 feet (4 m) in only one hour at Battery Park, a record only broken 191 years later by Hurricane Sandy. Manhattan Island was completely flooded to Canal Street; one hurricane researcher remarked that the storm surge flooding would have been much worse, had the hurricane not struck at low tide. However, few deaths were reported in the city, since the flooding affected neighborhoods much less populated than today. The hurricane brought light rainfall as it passed New York City, though strong winds left severe damage across the city. High tides occurred along the Hudson River. Strong waves and winds blew many ships ashore along Long Island. One ship sank, killing 17 people. Along Long Island, the winds destroyed several buildings and left crops destroyed.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Impact
In New England, the hurricane produced widespread gale-force winds, with damage greatest in Connecticut. The Black Rock Harbor Light in Black Rock, Connecticut, was destroyed on September 21. Elsewhere in the state, the winds damaged or destroyed churches, houses and small buildings. Moderate crop damage to fruit was reported as well. Strong winds extended into eastern Massachusetts, though little damage was reported in the Boston area. Hurricane-force winds reached as far north as Maine.


1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, Historical context
The Swiss Re insurance company estimates that a hurricane with the exact track of the 1821 storm would cause $107 billion in direct property damage in 2014. Damage would reach over $1 billion in Atlantic and Ocean counties in New Jersey and New Haven, and Hartford counties in Connecticut. Damage would reach over $2 billion in Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island, as well as Fairfield County, Connecticut. Indirect losses, including lost tax revenue and lower real estate, would reach nearly $250 billion nationwide for a similar storm. The damage would be far greater than what occurred during Hurricane Sandy in 2012, which caused $65 billion in damage in the country when it struck New Jersey.


1821 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election
On December 20, 1820, Jesse Slocumb (DR) of North Carolina's 4th district died. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy


1821 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election, Election results
Blackledge took office on February 7, 1821, near the end of the 16th Congress. He was also elected to the 17th Congress.


1821 Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district special election
On July 20, 1821, William Cox Ellis (F) from Pennsylvania's 10th district resigned. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy on October 9, 1821.


1821 Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district special election
In April, 1821, prior to the first meeting of the 17th Congress, Representative-elect James Duncan (DR) from Pennsylvania's 5th district resigned. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy on October 9, 1821.


1821 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1821 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an election held on April 4, 1821 to elect the Governor of Rhode Island. William C. Gibbs, the Democratic-Republican nominee, beat Samuel W. Bridgham, the Federalist candidate, with 56.97% of the vote.


1821 South Carolina's 9th congressional district special election
In 1821, Representative-elect John S. Richards (DR), who'd been elected to represent South Carolina's 9th district, declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting, the first of two special elections in the 9th district for the 17th Congress.


1821 South Carolina's 9th congressional district special election, Election results
Blair took his seat at the start of the 17th Congress. Blair himself subsequently resigned May 8, 1822, resulting in a second special election.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 24 to 26, 1821, to elect 27 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 17th United States Congress.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
27 U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1818 to a term in the 16th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1819, and ending on March 3, 1821. The previous congressional elections were held usually in even-numbered years, about ten months before the term would start on March 4 of the next year, and about a year and a half before Congress actually met in the following December. This time the congressional elections were moved a year forward, and were held together with the State elections in late April 1821, after the congressional term already had begun, but about half a year before Congress actually met on December 3, 1821.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Except for the split of the 21st District, the geographical area of the congressional districts remained the same as at the previous elections in 1818. Five new counties had been created. Hamilton Co. was split from Montgomery Co. inside the 14th District. Oswego Co. was created from parts of Oneida and Onondaga counties, but the parts remained in their previous congressional districts. On March 9, 1821, the New York State Legislature divided the 21st District in two districts: Ontario Co. and the newly created Monroe Co. remained as the 21st District; the remainder became the new 22nd District, including the new counties of Erie and Livingston.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
15 Bucktails and 12 Clintonian/Federalists were declared elected. Cadwallader D. Colden (Fed.) successfully contested the election of Peter Sharpe (Buckt. ), so that New York was represented by 19 Democratic-Republicans and 8 Federalists in the 17th Congress. The incumbents Wood, Van Rensselaer, Dickinson, Taylor, Pitcher and Tracy were re-elected; the incumbents Gross, Monell, Hall, Richmond and Allen (all Clintonians) were defeated.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
Note: It is difficult to ascertain the party affiliation of some of the fusion candidates: At this time the Democratic-Republican Party was already split into two opposing factions: on one side, the supporters of DeWitt Clinton and his Erie Canal project; on the other side, the Bucktails (including the Tammany Hall organization in New York City), led by Martin Van Buren. At the same time, the Federalist Party had already begun to disintegrate, and many of its former members joined either the Bucktails or the Clintonians. However, in Congress both Bucktails and Clintonians aligned with the Democratic-Republicans from the other States. Wood, Colden, Patterson, Ruggles, Van Rensselaer, Dickinson, Kirkland and Sterling were Federalists; Wilkin, McCarty, Taylor, Gross, Gebhard, Monell, Hall, Richmond, Camp, Allen and Tracy were Clintonians.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special elections and contested election
Selah Tuthill, elected in the 6th District, died on September 7, 1821, before Congress met. A special election to fill the vacancy was held from November 6 to 8, and was won by Charles Borland, Jr.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special elections and contested election
The House of Representatives of the 17th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on December 3, 1821, and 24 of the representatives took their seats. Ruggles and Sterling took their seats later, and Peter Sharpe did not appear.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special elections and contested election
On December 6, 1821, a petition on behalf of Cadwallader D. Colden was presented to contest the election of Peter Sharpe in the 1st District. On December 11, the Committee on Elections submitted its report. They found that in the town of Brookhaven 220 votes had been returned for Cadwallader D. Colden, but the final letter of the name "n" had been misread as an "r" when the election certificate was viewed in the office of the Secretary of State of New York.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special elections and contested election
They also found that in the town of Hempstead 395 votes were returned for "Cadwallader Colden" by mistake, the Queens County Clerk having omitted the middle initial although all these votes had in fact been given for "Cadwallader D. Colden". The Secretary of State of New York, receiving the abovementioned result, issued credentials for Sharpe who never took or claimed the seat. On December 12, the House declared Colden entitled to the seat, and he took it.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special elections and contested election
On January 14, 1822, Solomon Van Rensselaer resigned his seat to accept an appointment as Postmaster of Albany to replace Solomon Southwick whose financial affairs were in such a messy state that he had defaulted the post-office monies. To fill the vacancy, a special election was held from February 25 to 27, and was won by Stephen Van Rensselaer defeating Ex-Postmaster Southwick. Stephen Van Renssealaer took his seat on March 12, 1822.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
North Carolina elected its members August 9, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina, Notes
This North Carolina elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
Tennessee elected its members August 9–10, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
Virginia elected its members in April 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, Notes
This Virginia elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1821 United States Senate election in New York
The 1821 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 6, 1821, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.


1821 United States Senate election in New York, Background
Nathan Sanford had been elected in 1815 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1821.


1821 United States Senate election in New York, Background
Although nominally in the same party, the Democratic-Republicans were split into two fiercely opposing factions: the "Clintonians" (allies of Governor DeWitt Clinton), and "Bucktails" (a combine of the Tammany members from New York City and Clinton's upstate adversaries led by Martin Van Buren). The Federalist Party had disbanded, the larger part joining the Clintonians, the others the Bucktails. At the State election in April 1820, although Clinton was re-elected Governor, a Bucktails majority was elected to the Assembly, and five of the eight State Senators up for renewal were Bucktails.


1821 United States Senate election in New York, Background
The 44th New York State Legislature met from November 7 to 20, 1820; and from January 9 to April 3, 1821, at Albany, New York. The party strength in the Assembly as shown by the vote for Speaker was: 69 for Bucktail Peter Sharpe and 52 for Clintonian John C. Spencer.


1821 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates
Before the election, a caucus of Democratic-Republican State legislators was held with 82 members present. 58 voted for Van Buren, 24 for Sanford, and Martin Van Buren was declared nominated. In the election, he received the votes of the Bucktails.


1821 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates
Disregarding the caucus nominee, a practice now already established, the incumbent U.S. Senator Nathan Sanford received the votes of the Clintonians.


1821 United States Senate election in New York, Result
Martin Van Buren was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.


1821 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1821 Vermont gubernatorial election took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of Richard Skinner to a one-year term as governor.


1821 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Montpelier on October 11. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to review the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council. With the Federalist Party defunct, Democratic-Republican Richard Skinner was the only major candidate. The committee determined that Skinner had easily won a second one-year term against only scattering opposition.


1821 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the election for lieutenant governor, the committee determined that Democratic-Republican William Cahoon, who was unopposed, had won election to a second one-year term. The vote totals were recorded as 11,817 (98.8%) for Cahoon, with 146 (1.2%) scattering.


1821 Vermont gubernatorial election
Benjamin Swan was unopposed for election to a one-year term as treasurer, his twenty-second. Though nominally a Federalist, Swan was usually endorsed by the Democratic-Republicans and often ran unopposed. Vote totals for the 1821 election were recorded as 10,637 (99.6%) for Swan and 41 (0.04%) scattering.


1821 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the race for governor, the results of the popular vote were reported as follows.


1821 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1821 in Australia.


1821 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1821 in Chile.


1821 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1821 in New Zealand.


1821 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1821 in South Africa.


1821 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1821 to Wales and its people.


1821 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1821.


1821 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1821.


1821 in poetry
— words chiselled onto the tombstone of John Keats, at his request


1821 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1821 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1821 in poetry, Deaths
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1821 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1821.


1821 in science
The year 1821 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1821 in sports
1821 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1821 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1821 in the United Kingdom. This is a census year.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom
1821: The Struggle for Freedom (Greek: 1821: Αγώνας για την Ελευθερία) is a turn-based strategy video game developed and published by Greek game developer Icehole Games (at the time known as Metal Fin) in 2001. In 1821, the player is tasked with leading the scattered Greek forces over the course of the Greek War of Independence, and liberate Greek territories from Ottoman rule by controlling both the economic and military aspects of the revolutionary effort.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Gameplay
1821 is a 2D turn-based statistical management game. The game map, which provides an isometric representation of Greece, including the Peloponnese, Central Greece, Thessaly, Epirus, Crete and the Aegean islands, is divided into territories where the players can move their armies. Each territory contains a city, which generates revenue (counted in grosha) on a monthly basis for its owner. All cities have citizens and a garrison, with some cities having a castle or a port (if that city is coastal). Furthermore, each city is characterized by a revolutionary fervor stat, which indicates how easy it is for the player to liberate that territory.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Gameplay
Each game round corresponds to one month of in-game time, with the final round taking place in 1829. Each unit has 30 in-game days to perform its designated actions during the course of a single round. Hence, each action (i.e. troop movement), costs a specific number of days to complete. Each unit may contain up to four different combat arms, namely irregular soldiers (klephts), regular troops, cavalry and artillery, and is led by at least one Hero, each one corresponding to a prominent figure in Greece's War of Independence.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Gameplay
Heroes are characterized by stats affecting various aspects of the game, including Combat prowess, Persuasion, Popularity, Ambition and Greed. Heroes with high ambition or greed stats may cause infighting or even defect to the Ottoman Empire. Armies are further characterized by Training and Morale, which are affected by various elements, such as the staging of training exercises, battle outcome, and Hero leadership. Players are also required to resupply their forces at regular intervals, as any army left without supplies for three consecutive rounds is immediately disbanded.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Gameplay
Players may bolster their ranks at a city they occupy by means of conscription, which costs both grosha and at the same time reduces the local population, while ships can be built in the ports of Hydra, Spetses and Psara for a monetary fee. From 1826 onward, players can also appeal for help to the three Great Powers—Russia, Britain and France—and receive a one-time free allied army or fleet unit, or a significant monetary loan.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Gameplay
Battles in 1821 take place whenever two opposing armies are moved into the same territory. If the city in that territory does not have a castle, the winner of the battle takes control of the city. If there is a castle, and the attacking army emerges victorious, the defending forces will fortify themselves, and a siege will ensue. A siege causes the defending army to gradually consume the castle's resources. When these run out, the city and consequently, the entire territory is handed over to the attacking force.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Gameplay
The outcome of battles is largely affected by the terrain types of the territory on which the battle takes place. There are a total of four terrain types (mountain, forest, hill and plain) and each territory may be characterized by two to four different terrain types. Before each battle, the player will have to choose in which terrain they prefer the battle to take place.


1821: The Struggle for Freedom, Development and release
Development on 1821 lasted two years, with the game's developers reportedly completing 95% of the work working from their homes. The game is entirely presented in the Greek language and therefore saw a release only in its home country.


1821–1822 Massachusetts legislature
The 42nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1821 and 1822 during the governorship of John Brooks. John Phillips served as president of the Senate. Josiah Quincy III and Luther Lawrence served as speakers of the House.


1822
1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1822nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 822nd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 22nd  year of the 19th century, and the  3rd   year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1822, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1822 (book)
1822, subtitled How a wise man, a sad princess and a money crazy Scotsman helped D. Pedro to create Brazil, a country that had everything to go wrong (in Portuguese: Como um homem sábio, uma princesa triste e um escocês louco por dinheiro ajudaram D. Pedro a criar o Brasil, um país que tinha tudo para dar errado), is a non-fiction historical book written by Laurentino Gomes, the author of 1808, and edited by Nova Fronteira.


1822 (book)
The name of the book refers to the year in which Prince Pedro declared the independence of Brazil with the well-remembered "Cry of Ipiranga". It is a comprehensive study of the beginnings of independent life in a giant country in the New World.


1822 (book)
In 2011, the book earned Gomes his third and fourth Jabuti Prizes, in the categories "best reportage-book" and "non-fiction book of the year".


1822 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1822 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 11, 1822. Incumbent governor and Toleration Party candidate Oliver Wolcott Jr. defeated former congressman and Federalist Party candidate Zephaniah Swift, winning with 86.59% of the vote.


1822 Delaware gubernatorial special election
The 1822 Delaware gubernatorial special election was held on October 1, 1822. A little more than a year into his three-year term, Democratic-Republican Governor John Collins died in office, elevating State Senate Speaker Caleb Rodney, a Federalist, to the governorship and triggering a special election for a three-year term in 1822. Former Governor Joseph Haslet ran as the Democratic-Republican nominee against James Booth, the Federalist nominee. Haslet won a narrow victory over Booth, receiving just 22 more votes than his opponent. However, for the third time in four years, a vacancy occurred; Haslet died on June 20, 1823, and State Senate Speaker Charles Thomas became Governor until the 1823 special election.


1822 Delaware gubernatorial special election, Bibliography
This Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1822 Delaware's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in Delaware's at-large congressional district on October 1, 1822 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Caesar A. Rodney (DR) on January 24, 1822, having been elected to the Senate. This election was held on the same day as the general elections for Congress in Delaware.


1822 Delaware's at-large congressional district special election, Election results
Rodney took his seat December 2, 1822, at the start of the 2nd session of the 17th Congress.


1822 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 1822 Illinois gubernatorial election was Illinois's second gubernatorial election and its first competitive election. All candidates in the election represented the Democratic-Republican Party.


1822 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 1822 Indiana gubernatorial election took place on August 5, 1822, under the provisions of the Constitution of Indiana. It was the third gubernatorial election in the State of Indiana. William Hendricks, the outgoing United States representative for Indiana's At-large congressional district, was elected without opposition, taking 100% of the vote. This remains the only uncontested gubernatorial election in the history of Indiana. The election took place concurrently with elections for lieutenant governor and members of the Indiana General Assembly.


1822 Indiana gubernatorial election
Hendricks had represented Indiana in the United States Congress since the state's admission to the Union in 1816. The outgoing governor, Jonathan Jennings, had been reelected by an overwhelming margin in 1819 only to be sharply criticized for the poor condition of the state's finances following the Panic of 1819. Despite extremely modest expenditures, the state's expenses had exceeded its total revenue in every year since 1816; the insolvency of the state banking system, resulting in the depreciation of paper currency, further exacerbated a difficult situation. By 1822, a series of new taxes had yielded an increase in revenue, and the state's finances appeared to be improving.


1822 Indiana gubernatorial election
Hendricks resigned his congressional seat in May, signaling his willingness to become a candidate for governor. By this time his name had already been for some months before the public. No other candidates were nominated in opposition. In the early years of statehood, the Democratic-Republican Party was dominant nationally, and the state's politics were conducted on a nonpartisan basis. Hendricks' candidacy was supported by public meetings and newspaper endorsements lauding his "able, faithful, and energetic services" to the state. The equal enthusiasm with which editors from eastern and western counties regarded his candidacy signaled the end of the geographic factionalism which had typified politics of the territorial era. On election day, Hendricks was elected without a single dissenting vote recorded.


1822 Indiana gubernatorial election
Shortly after the election, Governor Jennings resigned to seek the congressional seat vacated by Hendricks, briefly elevating Lieutenant Governor Ratliff Boon to the governorship.


1822 Indiana gubernatorial election, Results, Results by county
The official returns appear to have been lost. In light of the unanimity of Hendricks' election, many newspapers felt it unnecessary to publish the full results of the election.


1822 Indiana gubernatorial election, Results, Results by county
The surviving results, as compiled in A New Nation Votes, are as follows.


1822 Indiana's at-large congressional district special election
On July 25, 1822, William Hendricks (DR) of Indiana's at-large district resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Hendricks had represented the state since it was first admitted to the Union.


1822 Indiana's at-large congressional district special election, Election results
Jennings had previously served as delegate for Indiana Territory in the 11th through 14th Congresses. Jennings took his seat December 2


1822 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1822 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 9, 1822. Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor Albion Parris won re-election to a second term.


1822 Maine's 2nd congressional district special election
The 1822 special election for Maine's 2nd congressional district was to select the successor for Representative Ezekiel Whitman (F), who resigned from his position on June 1, 1822. Mark Harris won the election, and took his seat on December 2, 1822.


1822 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1822 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 1.


1822 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
Federalist Governor John Brooks was re-elected to a sixth term in office over Republican William Eustis.


1822 New York gubernatorial election
The 1822 New York state election was held from November 4 to 6, 1822, to elect the governor and the lieutenant governor, as well as all members of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly.


1822 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated State Supreme Court Justice Joseph C. Yates. The anti-Clintonian faction nominated former U.S. representative and state assemblyman Erastus Root for Lieutenant Governor. The Clintonian faction nominated Henry Huntington for Lieutenant Governor.


1822 New York's 9th congressional district special election
On January 14, 1822, Solomon Van Rensselaer (DR) of New York's 9th district resigned to accept a position as Postmaster of Albany. A special election was held February 25–27, 1822.


1822 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1822 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1822. Incumbent Democratic Governor of Ohio William Medill became governor after the resignation of Reuben Wood to accept a Senate seat, leaving Speaker of the Senate Allen Trimble to act as governor. Former Senator, and 1820 gubernatorial challenger Jeremiah Morrow narrowly beat Trimble and former Ohio Supreme Court Justice William Irvin.


1822 Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district special election
On May 8, 1822, the last day of the First Session of the 17th Congress, Henry Baldwin (DR) of Pennsylvania's 14th district resigned from Congress. A special election was held on October 1, 1822 to fill the resulting vacancy.


1822 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election
On May 8, 1822, the last day of the First Session of the 17th Congress, William Milnor (F) of Pennsylvania's 1st district resigned. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy on October 1, 1822, a week before the general elections for the 18th Congress.


1822 Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district special election
On May 20, 1822, Samuel Moore (DR) of Pennsylvania's 6th district resigned. A special election was held on October 1, 1822 to fill the resulting vacancy


1822 Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district special election
On October 17, 1822, Ludwig Worman (F) of Pennsylvania's 7th district died in office. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy on December 10, 1822


1822 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 22 November 1822. The elections were the only vote held under the 1822 constitution, which provided for a unicameral legislature.


1822 Portuguese legislative election, Background
The Liberal Revolution of 1820 would lead to the 1820 Portuguese elections and to the Constituent Cortes of 1820. The Constituent Cortes would approve the Portuguese Constitution of 1822, along with alterations to the electoral system that would be implemented in 1822.


1822 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system
Unlike in 1820, when an indirect system was used, members of the new 118-seat legislature were elected directly by secret vote according to the electoral law passed on 11 July 1822; 111 were elected from multi-member constituencies (102 on the mainland and 9 on islands) with between three and six seats, with an additional seven single-member constituencies representing overseas colonies.


1822 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system
A two-round system was used, with candidates needing to receive at least 50% of the vote in the first round to be elected; in the second round only a plurality was required.


1822 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system
All men over the age of 25 were enfranchised except members of religious orders, servants, vagabonds and those still dependent on their parents. Men who were married, serving in the military, had graduated from university or were part of the secular clergy were allowed to vote if they were aged 20 or over. In comparison with the previous election of 1820, this election would also restrict voting rights to the literate.


1822 Portuguese legislative election, Aftermath
The Vilafrancada (27 May 1823) would mark the beginning of the end of the 1822 constitution and a return to absolutism. The parliament held its last session on 2 June 1823, when it approved a declaration against any change to the 1822 constitution. Two days later, John VI of Portugal signs a letter declaring that the constitution needs reform and later summons the Portuguese Cortes. The Septembrism movement would reinstate the 1822 constitution (12 September 1836 - 4 April 1838).


1822 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1822 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an uncontested election held on April 3, 1822 to elect the Governor of Rhode Island. William C. Gibbs, the Democratic-Republican nominee, was the only candidate and so won with 100% of the vote.


1822 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district special election
On May 8, 1822, William Lowndes (DR) of South Carolina's 2nd district resigned. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy


1822 South Carolina's 9th congressional district special election
On May 8, 1822, James Blair (DR) of South Carolina's 9th district resigned. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy. Blair himself had been elected in a special election earlier in the same Congress.


1822 Spanish general election
General elections to the Cortes Generales were held in Spain in 1822. At stake were all 203 seats in the Congress of Deputies.


1822 Spanish general election, History
The 1822 elections were the second ones since the 1820 revolution. The elections were held under the Spanish Constitution of 1812. 3,215,460 people were eligible to vote (universal male suffrage), out of a population of 11,661,865.


1822 Spanish general election, Constituencies
A majority voting system was used for the election, with 33 multi-member constituencies and various single-member ones.


1822 Spanish general election, Results
Almost all MPs were liberals, mainly from the radical veinteañista/exaltada faction.


1822 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Delaware was reduced once more from two back to one seat after the Fourth Census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the 1822 election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election.


1822 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia
Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.


1822 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
Vermont lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. For the 1822 election, Vermont switched back to using a single at-large district. This would be the last year that Vermont would use an at-large district until 1932, when its representation was reduced to a single seat. Vermont elected its members September 3, 1822.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
Indiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census, and elected its members August 5, 1822.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbent William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) having resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings (Jackson Democratic-Republican), elected to the new 2nd district, was elected in the ensuing special election to fill the at-large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
Kentucky gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Kentucky elected its members August 5, 1822.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky, Notes
This Kentucky elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana
Louisiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Louisiana elected its members July 1–3, 1822.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana, Notes
This Louisiana elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from November 4 to 6, 1822, to elect 34 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 18th United States Congress.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
27 U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1821 to a term in the 17th United States Congress which had begun on March 4, 1821. Selah Tuthill died on September 7, 1821, before Congress met, and Charles Borland, Jr. had been elected to fill the vacancy. Solomon Van Rensselaer resigned his seat in January 1822, and Stephen Van Rensselaer had been elected to fill the vacancy. The representatives' term would end on March 3, 1823.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
Most previous congressional elections in New York had been held together with the annual State elections in late April, but under the New York Constitution of 1821, the elections were moved permanently to November: about four months before the congressional term began, and a little more than a year before Congress actually met on December 1, 1823.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
At this time the Democratic-Republican Party in New York was split into two opposing factions: on one side, the supporters of DeWitt Clinton and his Erie Canal project; on the other side, the Bucktails (including the Tammany Hall organization in New York City), led by Martin Van Buren. At the same time, the Federalist Party had already disbanded, and most of its former members had joined the Clintonians.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
On April 17, 1822, the New York State Legislature re-apportioned the congressional districts according to the figures of the 1820 United States census. The number of district was increased to 30, creating eight new districts; the number of seats was increased to 34, creating for the first time a triple-seat district, and keeping two double-seat districts.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
23 Bucktails and 11 Clintonian/Federalists were declared elected. The incumbents Wood, Morgan, Cambreleng, Van Wyck, Van Rensselaer, Taylor, Litchfield, Rochester and Tracy were re-elected; the incumbents Ruggles, Dickinson, Campbell and Woodcock were defeated.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
Note: In Congress both Bucktails and Clintonians aligned with the Democratic-Republicans from the other States. Of the Anti- Bucktails Wood, Ruggles, Strong, Dickinson, Van Rensselaer, Storrs and Russell were old Federalists; Stockholm, Craig, Beck, Cady, Taylor, Gross, Richmond, Lawrence, Marvin, Thompson, Hayden, Adams and Tracy were Clintonians.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
William B. Rochester, re-elected in the 28th District, was appointed Judge of the Eighth Circuit Court on April 21, 1823, and resigned his seat before Congress met. A special election to fill the vacancy was held, and was won by William Woods, of the same faction.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
The House of Representatives of the 18th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on December 1, 1823, and 30 of the representatives, among them Isaac Wilson and William Woods, took their seats on this day. Lawrence took his seat on December 5; Herkimer on December 8; Tracy on December 16; and Morgan on December 18.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
A petition on behalf of Parmenio Adams was presented to contest the election of Isaac Wilson in the 29th District. On December 30, 1823, the Committee on Elections submitted its report. They found that in the town of China by mistake 67 votes had been returned for Wilson, although he had polled only 45. They also found that in the town of Attica by mistake 98 votes had been returned for Adams, although he had polled only 93.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
The Secretary of State of New York, receiving the abovementioned result, issued credentials for Wilson who took his seat when Congress met on December 1. Correcting the mistakes in the China and Attica returns, Adams had 2,072 and Wilson 2,071 votes.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
Wilson also claimed that he had received 1 vote in Middlebury which was counted as a "blank vote" by the election inspectors because the name printed on the ballot was "partially erased with the stroke of a pen," and that he had received 2 votes in the Town of Stafford and 4 votes in the Town of Byron which were not counted by the election inspectors because the ballots were folded together in pairs. The committee upheld the decision of the election inspectors in both cases, and declared Adams entitled to the seat, winning the election by a single vote. On January 7, 1824, after much debate, the House declared Parmenio Adams entitled to the seat instead of Wilson, and Adams took it.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
During this congressional term party lines broke down while four candidates lined up to succeed President James Monroe. At the 1824 United States presidential election, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay and William H. Crawford received electoral votes, but no candidate received a majority. Thus the election was referred to the House of Representatives, to choose among the three most voted candidates: Adams, Jackson and Crawford.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath, special election and contested election
Henry Clay supported Adams, so that after the election on February 9, 1825, one month before the end of the term, the members were back-labeled (according to their actual vote) as "Adams-Clay Democratic-Republicans" (Sharpe, Van Wyck, Williams, Herkimer, Cady, Taylor, Martindale, Lawrence, Marvin, Rose, Hayden, Woods, Adams and Tracy), "Jackson Democratic-Republicans" (Morgan and Craig), "Crawford Democratic-Republicans" (Tyson, Cambreleng, Frost, Jenkins, Hoogeboom, Foote, Eaton, Richards, Ten Eyck, Collins, Clark, Dwinell, Litchfield, Day) and "Adams-Clay Federalists" (Wood, Strong, Van Rensselaer, Storrs).


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
Ohio gained eight seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Ohio elected its members October 8, 1822.


1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, Notes
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1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Pennsylvania elected its members October 8, 1822.


1822 United States elections
The 1822 United States elections occurred in the middle of Democratic-Republican President James Monroe's second term, and was the last election of the First Party System. Members of the 18th United States Congress were chosen in this election. The 1820 census added 26 seats to the House. Democratic-Republicans continued to dominate both chambers of Congress.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake
The 1822 Valparaíso earthquake was a major earthquake that occurred in Valparaíso, Chile on November 19, 1822. The earthquake has an estimated surface wave magnitude of 8.5. It triggered a moderate tsunami measuring up to 12 feet or 3.6 meters along the Chilean coast. The earthquake and tsunami killed 72 to as much as 300 people and left a further 200 injured.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake
Based on the historical accounts from Maria Graham, a British travel writer who documented her experience in the earthquake, seismologists concluded that the event was likely a result of thrust faulting. A deep section of the Peru-Chile subduction zone ruptured at a plausible depth of around 40 km. This depth is similar to the 2007 Tocopilla and 1906 Valparaíso earthquakes.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
The earthquake was felt for as much as five minutes. In Concón, three distinct jolts were felt with the second being the most intense and lasting two minutes. A loud rumbling noise which seemed to be emanating from the ground was heard. Luminous activity was also seen in the sky during the quake. A canal connected to the Aconcagua River was buried and suffered cracks by collapsing debris when the riverbank failed.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
In Quintero, palm trees were permanently deformed when the earthquake caused them to lean to one side. Nearly every home in the city was so badly damaged by the earthquake and resulting fire that residing in them was impossible. Near the Aconcagua River, the city Quillota also saw the destruction of many homes. Is it said that only 20 homes and a church survived the shocks.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
Near Valparaíso, the city of Viña del Mar was near totally destroyed. Nearby cities including Limache and La Ligua were also damaged. In Valparaíso, the earthquake razed at least 700 private homes and countless public homes to the ground. The port area of the city suffered extensive damage because it was situated on loose alluvium. Many mud homes crumbled as a result. Most of the damaged structures were those constructed with bricks. Wooden and stone homes were either undamaged or lightly affected.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
The violent shocks caused active mines to cave-in and collapse, killing many workers.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
Illapel and San Felipe also suffered severe damage. In Santiago, the earthquake was felt VII on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing damage to 30 buildings.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Quote
‘At a quarter past ten [in the evening], the house received a violent shock, with a noise like the explosion of a mine. I sat still.. until, the vibration still increasing, the chimneys fell, and I saw the walls of the house open.. We jumped down to the ground, and were scarcely there when the motion of the earth changed from a quick vibration to a rolling like that of a ship at sea. The shock lasted three minutes. Never shall I forget the horrible sensation of that night. [ Back in the house] I observed that the furniture in the different rooms .. Had all been moved in the same direction, and found that direction to be north-west and south-east.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Quote
Mr Cruikshank has ridden over from old Quintero: he tells us that there are large rents along the sea shore; and during the night the sea seems to have receded in an extraordinary manner, and especially in Quintero Bay. I see from the hill, rocks above the water that never were exposed before.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Quote
On the night of the nineteenth, during the first great shock, the sea in Valparaiso bay rose suddenly, and as suddenly retired in an extraordinary manner, and in about a quarter of an hour seemed to recover its equilibrium; but the whole shore is more exposed and the rocks are about four feet higher out of the water than before.‘


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Quote
‘in the evening I had a pleasant walk to the beach with Lord Cochrane; we went chiefly for the purpose of tracing the effects of the earthquake along the rocks. On the beach, though it is high water, many rocks with beds of muscles remain dry, and the fish are dead; which proves that the beach is raised about four feet at the Herradura. Above these recent shells, beds of older ones may be traced at various heights along the shore; and such are found near the summits of some of the loftiest hills in Chile.‘


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Quote
In her journal accounts, Graham went on to speculate that repeated earthquakes could be responsible for the general elevation of land, and the building of mountains, in places like the Andes; themes that were later taken up by Charles Lyell, and then Charles Darwin – who was in Chile 13 years later, where he experienced the 1835 Concepcion earthquake firsthand.


1822 Valparaíso earthquake, Tsunami
Three distinct waves struck the coast after the earthquake. A flagship used in rescue and recovery of the earthquake was carried by the first tsunami wave and stranded near the gates of a customs office. The surge retreated, leaving many vessels stranded on the seafloor. After a few minutes, two additional but weaker waves struck the coast.


1822 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1822 Vermont gubernatorial election took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of Richard Skinner to a one-year term as governor.


1822 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Montpelier on October 10. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to review the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council. Democratic-Republican Richard Skinner was the only major candidate. The committee determined that Skinner had easily won a third one-year term against only scattering opposition.


1822 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the election for lieutenant governor, the committee determined that Democratic-Republican Aaron Leland had won election to a one-year term. A contemporary newspaper article reported the results as: Leland, 6,792 (61.4%); Ezra Butler, 1,838 (16.6%); William Hunter, 1,785 (16.1%); William Strong, 48 (0.4%); scattering, 604 (5.5%).


1822 Vermont gubernatorial election
Benjamin Swan was unopposed for election to a one-year term as treasurer, his twenty-third. Though nominally a Federalist, Swan was usually endorsed by the Democratic-Republicans and even after the demise of the Federalists Swan often ran unopposed. Newspaper accounts of the election reported that Swan had received 7,986 votes (99.6%), with 34 votes (0.4%) scattering.


1822 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the race for governor, the results of the popular vote were reported as follows.


1822 Waterman
1822 Waterman, provisional designation 1950 OO, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.5 kilometers in diameter.


1822 Waterman
It was discovered on 25 July 1950, by Indiana University's Indiana Asteroid Program at its Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. The asteroid was named after American physicist Alan T. Waterman.


1822 Waterman, Orbit and classification
Waterman is a S-type asteroid. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 2 months (1,168 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation, as its first identification, 1943 EB, made at the German Sonneberg Observatory in 1943, remained unused.


1822 Waterman, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In January 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Waterman was obtained from photometric observation taken at the U.S Etscorn Observatory in New Mexico. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.581 hours with a brightness variation of 0.51 magnitude (U=3).


1822 Waterman, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Waterman measures between 6.06 and 6.52 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.264 and 0.325. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 7.46 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.1.


1822 Waterman, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of American physicist Alan Tower Waterman (1892–1967), who was the first director of the U.S. National Science Foundation. He went to Washington to serve with OSRD (1941–45), ONR (1946–51), and NSF (1951–63), after being an academic physicist for 25 years.


1822 Waterman, Naming
Waterman was awarded the Karl Taylor Compton Gold Medal for distinguished statesmanship in science, the Public Welfare Medal and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3825).


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 18th Congress were held at various dates in different states between July 1822 and August 1823 during President James Monroe's second term.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
Following the 1820 Census, Congress added 26 seats to the House. Most relative population growth was in the West.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
This was the last House election during the virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings and the largest midterm gain of seats by a President's party. The Democratic-Republican Party remained nationally dominant, and the Federalist Party limited to state and local influence.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
This election heralded key change not apparent until the end of the 18th Congress. The four-way 1824 presidential election, in which all candidates ran as Democratic-Republicans, would result in no candidate winning an Electoral College majority. Representatives elected to the 18th Congress are often classified by how they voted in the 1825 contingent election, which after a controversial, unanticipated political deal chose John Quincy Adams President, triggering a new, rancorous, abruptly realigned period of partisanship.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
Following the 1820 Census, 26 new seats were apportioned, with 4 States losing 1 seat each, 9 States gaining between 1 and 8 seats, and the remaining 11 States having no change in apportionment.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections
There were special elections in 1822 and 1823 to the 17th United States Congress and 18th United States Congress.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Alabama
Alabama increased from one to three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. The state then changed from a single at-large district to three geographic districts. Alabama elected its members August 3, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Connecticut
Connecticut lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Connecticut elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Delaware
Delaware was reduced once more from two back to one seat after the Fourth Census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the October 1, 1822 election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Georgia
Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Georgia elected its members October 7, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Indiana
Indiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census, and elected its members August 5, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Indiana
Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbent William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) having resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings (Jackson Democratic-Republican), elected to the new 2nd district, was elected in the ensuing special election to fill the at-large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Kentucky
Kentucky gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Kentucky elected its members August 5, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Louisiana
Louisiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Louisiana elected its members July 1–3, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Maine
Although Maine neither gained nor lost seats after the 1820 United States Census, redistricting placed two incumbents into the 3rd district. Maine elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. Maine law required a majority for election, with additional ballots taken if a majority were not achieved. This proved necessary in 1822 in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 6th districts, but all members were still chosen before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members November 4, 1822. Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in 3 districts, necessitating additional elections on March 3, 1823 and May 12, 1823; nevertheless, all elections were complete before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, New Hampshire
New Hampshire elected its members August 26, 1822. New Hampshire law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters for election, that is 1/12 of votes. Only five candidates received the requisite majority, and so a May 11, 1823 run-off election was held for the sixth seat.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, New York
New York's representation increased after the 1820 United States Census from 27 to 34 seats, elected from 30 districts, two with two members each, and one with three members. New York elected its members November 4–6, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, New York
As in the previous election, the Democratic-Republican Party in New York was divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" and the Clintonians, which distinction is not marked here. The Clintonians and the Federalists ran on a joint ticket in 1822 as in 1821, in some cases, it's unclear which party a candidate belonged to, those are marked Crawford Federalist.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, North Carolina
North Carolina's delegation remained unchanged after the census, at thirteen seats. North Carolina elected its members August 14, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio
Ohio gained eight seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Ohio elected its members October 8, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Pennsylvania elected its members October 8, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Tennessee
Tennessee gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Tennessee elected its members August 7–8, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Vermont
Vermont lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. For the 1822 election, Vermont switched back to using a single at-large district. This would be the last year that Vermont would use an at-large district until 1932, when its representation was reduced to a single seat. Vermont elected its members September 3, 1822.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Virginia
Virginia lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Nineteen incumbents ran for re-election leaving three open seats. Virginia elected its members in April 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections, Non-voting delegates
There were three territories with the right to send delegates to the 18th Congress.


1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.


1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections, Factions
At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford, Andrew Jackson, or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay."


1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.


1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; ordered by state.


1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.


1822 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1822 in Australia.


1822 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1822 in Chile.


1822 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1822 in New Zealand.


1822 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1822 in South Africa.


1822 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1822 to Wales and its people.


1822 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1822.


1822 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1822.


1822 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1822 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1822 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1822 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1822.


1822 in science
The year 1822 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1822 in sports
1822 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1822 territorial division of Spain
The 1822 territorial division of Spain was a rearrangement of the territory of Spain into various provinces, enacted briefly during the Trienio Liberal of 1820–1823. It is remembered today largely as a precursor to the similar 1833 territorial division of Spain; the provinces established in the latter remain, by and large, the basis for the present-day division of Spain into provinces.


1822 territorial division of Spain, Background
After the uprising led by liberal general Rafael del Riego of 1820 led to the Trienio Liberal (three years of government by the Spanish liberals), that government proposed a new division of Spain in its entirety, for administrative, governmental, judicial and economic purposes, according to criteria of legal equality, unity and efficiency.


1822 territorial division of Spain, The provinces
On 27 January 1822 the government approved a provisional division of Spain into 52 provinces. The 1833 statute would follow this pattern closely, although it eliminated three of the provinces and renamed five others.


1822 territorial division of Spain, The provinces
The following table groups provinces by the "historic regions" that were introduced in 1833.