1832 Newfoundland general election, Candidate requirements
Each candidate had to be male, twenty-one years or older, of sound understanding, either natural-born to the island or a lawfully naturalized British citizen, and a resident of two years standing who had occupied a dwelling as either tenant or owner. Also, no candidate could have a criminal record for any infamous or heinous crime. Voters were held to much the same restrictions as candidates except the residency requirement was reduced from two years to one.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election
The election was conducted over a period of two months from the day of proclamation to the last polling date of December 8, 1832. There were forty-seven polling booths located at strategic locations and not all communities had one. Except for the districts of St. John's, Conception Bay, and Bonavista, the candidates were elected by acclamation.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of Conception Bay
The nomination for Conception Bay was held on October 31, 1832, with the following candidates nominated for the four available seats:


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of Conception Bay
After the election results of November 3, 1832, Robert Pinsent withdrew and the remaining four were declared representatives for the district.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of St. John's
Seven candidates offered themselves for election after the reading of the Proclamation and the Writ. Two more offered after the first polling day, which was met with some skepticism. Nominated were:


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of St. John's
(a) No voting took place on Sunday, November 11. (b) dropped out of the race after results of November 6. (c) nob - not on ballot. (d) not one of the original nominees.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of St. John's
After the results of voting on November 12, 1832, Dr. William Carson withdrew and the remaining three were declared as representatives of the District of St. John's.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of St. John's
At the opening of the House of Assembly on January 2, 1833, Dr. Carson petitioned the House for Patrick Kough's removal, claiming he was a government employee and ineligible. The petition was denied.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of Bonavista
There were two candidates for the district of Bonavista, Hugh Alexander Emerson and William Brown. After three polling stations had voted, William Brown withdrew. The returning officer, Peter LeMessurier, refused to recognize his withdrawal from the race and continued to the next polling station at Greenspond, a Brown stronghold. After those results, William Brown was declared the winner, and no voting took place at the remaining polling station at Cape Freels.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Election, District of Bonavista
At the opening of the House of Assembly on January 2, 1833, Hugh Alexander Emerson petitioned the House for William Brown's removal due to Peter LeMessurier's actions. The petition was denied.


1832 Newfoundland general election, Governance
John Bingley Garland was appointed the first Speaker of the House. Both John Bingley Garland and William Thomas were appointed to the Executive Council and resigned their seats in the House of Assembly. William Row, who ran for a seat in St. John’s, was given the seat for Trinity Bay and Dr. William Carson was given a seat for the District of St. John's.


1832 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1832. As political parties were not officially established until 1884, all those elected were independents. The number of seats in the Storting was increased from 81 to 95. Voter turnout was 48%, although only 5.6% of the country's population was eligible to vote.


1832 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1832 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 9, 1832. Incumbent Governor George Wolf, a Democrat, defeated Anti-Masonic candidate Joseph Ritner to win re-election.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak
The 1832 Sligo cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera in the port town of Sligo in northwestern Ireland.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak
The outbreak resulted in an official total of 643 deaths, out of a population of 15,000. However, the official figures are considerably lower, as only Fever Hospital deaths were recorded.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Background
The outbreak was part of a second worldwide pandemic caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and lasted from 1829 to 1851. The approach of the cholera epidemic was well documented at the time, but how it was spread was a mystery. In the first pandemic, the disease was first noted in India, Moscow, Russia in 1830, Finland and Poland in 1831, and Great Britain in 1831. It struck first at the ports, and Sligo was the second busiest port on the west coast at the time after Limerick. Overall, the outbreak killed at least 50,000 people in Ireland.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Background
Cholera killed those infected within hours, usually less than three, and almost certainly less than twelve. Victims skin often showed a bluish tinge, and diarrhoea led to rapid severe dehydration and death.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
The only surviving medical report is by a Dr. Irwin, then attached to the Fever HospitalThe first case of Cholera Asiatica (as it was known then) was noted at Rathcarrick, three miles from the town by a Dr. Coyne on Sunday 29 July. More cases then appeared at Culleenamore, suspected to have been spread by bathers. Dr. Coyne later died of the disease himself.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
The Board of Health had the houses of the poor whitewashed and cleaned inside and out. Tar barrels were left burning in the streets in an effort to fumigate the air. Attempts to set up extra medical facilities in the town were resisted by the townspeople, as nobody wanted the infected to be anywhere near them. People armed with clubs and sticks resisted doctors and hospitals being among them. In many cases, doctors themselves were blamed for the outbreak.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
The outbreak began in Sligo town on 11 August 1832, with the first official figures for Sligo town being released by Dublin Castle on 18 August. These recorded 63 new cases, 22 deaths and no recoveries. From then until the end of the month the death toll averaged fifty a day. The Fever Hospital was used for the sick, but most of the orderlies fled through fear of the plague or the mob. Mr. Fausset, the Provost of the town, described the grounds of the Fever Hospital covered in corpses and no-one to bury them. He said he felt as if the "end of the world had come".


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
Carpenters were unable to keep up with the demand for coffins and so mass graves were dug instead. and local legend suggests that people were buried alive, so great was the haste to dispose of the corpses.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
An unofficial quarantine cordon was set up around the town through which no one was allowed to pass, but they were driven back to the town.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
Efforts to understand the source of the infection included the flying of kites to see if it had an atmospheric origin. Wells were tested.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Outbreak
At the height of the outbreak the population was reported by the Evening Post to have dropped from 15,000 to 2,000, most having fled to the countryside.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Aftermath
The official number of cases was recorded as 1,230, with 643 deaths, although the real toll is suspected to have been considerably higher as many did not report being ill and there was a widespread reluctance to go to a hospital. It was thought that the actual death toll was more than 1,500 people. The population of the town dropped from 15,000 to 12,000.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Aftermath, Charlotte Blake Thornley's account
Charlotte Blake Thornley, the mother of Bram Stoker was a witness to the cholera outbreak as the family were living on Gaol Street in the town at the time. They survived by fleeing to Ballyshannon having to break the cordon to do so. She wrote a vivid account of the beginning and aftermath of the outbreak.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Aftermath, Charlotte Blake Thornley's account
But gradually the terror grew on us as time by time we heard of it nearer and nearer. It was in France, it was in Germany, it was in England, and (with wild affright) we began to hear a whisper pass "it was in Ireland". Then mens’ senses began failing them for fear, and deeds were done (in selfish dread) enough to call down Gods direct vengeance on us. One i vividly remember, a poor traveller was taken ill on the roadside, some miles from the town, and how did those Samaratines tend him? They dug a pit and with long poles pushed him living into it and covered him up alive. But God’s hand is not to be thus stayed and severely like Sodom did our city pay for such crimes.


1832 Sligo cholera outbreak, Aftermath, Charlotte Blake Thornley's account
It is believed that her descriptions of the events at the time were influential on themes and atmosphere of her sons most famous book, Dracula.


1832 State of the Union Address
The 1832 State of the Union Address was written by Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States. It was delivered to the 22nd United States Congress by a clerk on Tuesday, December 4, 1832. He said, "Although the pestilence which had traversed the Old World has entered our limits and extended its ravages over much of our land, it has pleased Almighty God to mitigate its severity and lessen the number of its victims compared with those who have fallen in most other countries over which it has spread its terrors."


1832 State of the Union Address
He ended with, "Limited to a general superintending power to maintain peace at home and abroad, and to prescribe laws on a few subjects of general interest not calculated to restrict human liberty, but to enforce human rights, this Government will find its strength and its glory in the faithful discharge of these plain and simple duties."


1832 United Kingdom general election
The 1832 United Kingdom general election, the first after the Reform Act, saw the Whigs win a large majority, with the Tories winning less than 30% of the vote.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since November 1830. He headed the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of All the Talents in 1806–07.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
In addition to the Whigs themselves, Grey was supported by Radical and other allied politicians. The Whigs and their allies were gradually coming to be referred to as liberals, but no formal Liberal Party had been established at the time of this election, so all the politicians supporting the ministry are referred to as Whig in the above results.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The Leader of the House of Commons since 1830 was Viscount Althorp (heir of the Earl Spencer), who also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The last Tory prime minister, at the time of this election, was the Duke of Wellington. After leaving government office, Wellington continued to lead the Tory peers and was the overall Leader of the Opposition.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The Tory Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons was Sir Robert Peel, Bt.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
John Wilson Croker had used the term "conservative" in 1830, but the Tories at the time of this  election had not yet become generally known as the Conservative Party. This distinction would finally take hold after the Liberal Party was officially created.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
In Irish politics, Daniel O'Connell was continuing his campaign for repeal of the Act of Union. He had founded the Irish Repeal Association and it presented candidates independent of the two principal parties.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
Following the passage of the Reform Act 1832 and related legislation to reform the electoral system and redistribute constituencies, the tenth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 3 December 1832. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 29 January 1833, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
The general election took place between December 1832 and January 1833. The first nomination was on 8 December, with the first contest on 10 December and the last contest on 8 January 1833. It was usual for polling in the University constituencies and in Orkney and Shetland to take place about a week after other seats. Disregarding contests in the Universities and Orkney and Shetland, the last poll was on 1 January 1833.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
For the distribution of constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons, before this  election, see the 1831 United Kingdom general election. Apart from the disenfranchisement of Grampound for corruption in 1821 and the transfer of its two seats as additional members for Yorkshire from 1826, there had been no change in the constituencies of England since the 1670s. In some cases the county and borough seats had remained unaltered since the 13th century. Welsh constituencies had been unchanged since the 16th century. Those in Scotland had remained the same since 1708 and in Ireland since 1801.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
In 1832 politicians were facing an unfamiliar electoral map, as well as an electorate including those qualified under a new uniform householder franchise in the boroughs. However the reform legislation had not removed all the anomalies in the electoral system.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Table of largest and smallest electorates 1832–33, by country, type and number of seats


1832 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.


1832 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country


1832 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The 1832 United Kingdom general election in Ireland saw the emergence of the Repeal Association as a major political movement in Ireland. The Association, led by Daniel O'Connell, aimed to repeal the 1800 Acts of Union and restore Ireland to the status enjoyed after the reforms of 1782, while maintaining Catholic emancipation.


1832 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
This was the first election following the Representation of the People (Ireland) Act 1832 and the Parliamentary Boundaries (Ireland) Act 1832, which introduced wide-ranging electoral reforms.


1832 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Following the reapportionment resulting from the 1830 census, Pennsylvania gained two representatives, increasing from 26 to 28, and was redistricted into 25 districts, two of which were plural districts. Pennsylvania elected its members October 9, 1832.


1832 United States elections
The 1832 United States elections elected the members of the 23rd United States Congress. Taking place during the Second Party System and a political conflict over the re-authorization of the Second Bank of the United States, the elections were contested between Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party and opponents of Jackson, including the National Republicans. Though the Democrats retained the presidency and the House, they lost their Senate majority. The Anti-Masonic Party also fielded the first notable presidential candidacy from a third party.


1832 United States elections
In the Presidential election, Democratic President Andrew Jackson easily defeated National Republican Senator Henry Clay from Kentucky. Anti -Masonic candidate William Wirt received 7% of the popular vote, the strongest popular vote showing by a third party up to that point, while Nullifier John Floyd was the first third party candidate to win electoral votes. Jackson was the last president to win a second term until Abraham Lincoln won a second term in 1864. The first presidential nominating conventions took place during this election. Also, for the first time, every state but South Carolina chose its presidential electors via statewide popular vote.


1832 United States elections
Following the 1830 census, the House increased in size, adding 27 seats. Opponents of Jackson maintained the same number of seats, but the Democrats won several seats, increasing their majority.


1832 United States elections
In the Senate, the anti-Jackson faction won moderate gains, taking the majority in the Senate.


1832 United States presidential election
The 1832 United States presidential election was the 12th quadrennial presidential election, held from November 2 to December 5, 1832. Incumbent president Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, defeated Henry Clay, candidate of the National Republican Party.


1832 United States presidential election
The election saw the first use of the presidential nominating conventions, and the Democrats, National Republicans, and the Anti-Masonic Party all used conventions to select their candidates. Jackson won re-nomination with no opposition, and the 1832 Democratic National Convention replaced Vice President John C. Calhoun with Martin Van Buren. The National Republican Convention nominated a ticket led by Clay, a Kentuckian who had served as Secretary of State under President John Quincy Adams. The Anti-Masonic Party, one of the first major U.S. third parties, nominated former Attorney General William Wirt.


1832 United States presidential election
Jackson faced heavy criticism for his actions in the Bank War, but remained popular among the general public. He won a majority of the popular vote and 219 of the 286 electoral votes, carrying most states outside New England. Clay won 37.4% of the popular vote and 49 electoral votes, while Wirt won 7.8% of the popular vote and carried the state of Vermont. Virginia Governor John Floyd, who had not actively campaigned, won South Carolina's electoral votes. After the election, members of the National Republican Party and the Anti-Masonic Party formed the Whig Party, which became the Democrats' primary opponent over the next two decades.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations
With the demise of the Congressional nominating caucus in the election of 1824, the political system was left without an institutional method on the national level for determining presidential nominations. For this reason, the candidates of 1832 were chosen by national conventions. The first national convention was held by the Anti-Masonic Party in Baltimore, Maryland, in September 1831. The National Republican Party and the Democratic Party soon imitated them, also holding conventions in Baltimore, which would remain a favored venue for national political conventions for decades.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party
President Jackson and Vice President Calhoun had a strained relationship for a number of reasons, most notably a difference in opinion about the Nullification Crisis and the involvement of Calhoun's wife Floride in the Eaton affair. As a result, Secretary of State Martin Van Buren and Secretary of War John H. Eaton resigned from office in April 1831, and Jackson requested the resignation of all other cabinet officers except one. Van Buren instigated the procedure as a means of removing Calhoun supporters from the Cabinet.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party
Calhoun further aggravated Jackson in the summer of 1831 when he issued his "Fort Hill Letter," in which he outlined the constitutional basis for a state's ability to nullify an act of Congress. The final blow to the Jackson-Calhoun relationship came when Jackson nominated Van Buren to serve as Minister to Great Britain and the vote in the Senate ended in a tie, which Calhoun broke by voting against confirmation on January 25, 1832.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party
In January it was not clear who the Democrats' candidates would be in the election later that year. Jackson had already been nominated by several state legislatures, following the pattern in 1824 and 1828, but he worried that the various state parties would not unite on a vice-presidential nominee. As a result, the Democratic Party followed the pattern of the opposition and called a national convention.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party
The 1832 Democratic National Convention, the Democratic Party's first, was held in the Athenaeum in Baltimore (the same venue as the two opposition parties) from May 21 to May 23, 1832. Several decisions were made at the convention. On the first day, a committee was appointed to provide a list of delegates from each state. This committee, later called the Credentials Committee, reported that all states were represented.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party
Delegates were present from the District of Columbia, and on the first contested roll call vote in convention history, the convention voted 126–153 to deprive the District of Columbia of its voting rights in the convention. The Rules Committee gave a brief report that established several other customs. Each state was allotted as many votes as it had presidential electors; several states were overrepresented and many were underrepresented. Second, balloting was taken by states and not by individual delegates. Third, two-thirds of the delegates would have to support a candidate for nomination, a measure intended to reduce sectional strife. The fourth rule, which banned nomination speeches, was the only one the party quickly abandoned.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party
No roll call vote was taken to nominate Jackson for a second term. Instead, the convention passed a resolution stating that "we most cordially concur in the repeated nominations which he has received in various parts of the union." Martin Van Buren was nominated for vice president on the first ballot, receiving 208 votes to 49 for Philip P. Barbour and 26 for Richard Mentor Johnson. Afterward, the convention approved an address to the nation and adjourned.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Barbour Democrats
The Barbour Democratic National Convention was held in June 1832 in Staunton, Virginia. Jackson was nominated for president and Philip P. Barbour for vice president. Barbour withdrew, but the ticket appeared on the ballot in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Republican Party
Soon after the Anti-Masonic Party held its national convention, supporters of Henry Clay called a national convention of the National Republican Party. 18 of the 24 states sent delegations to the convention, which convened on December 12, 1831. Four of the six states that did not send delegations were states of the Deep South.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Republican Party
On the convention's fourth day, the roll call ballot for president took place. The chairman of the convention called the name of each delegate, who gave his vote orally. Clay received 155 votes, with delegate Frederick H. Shuman of North Carolina abstaining because he believed that Clay could not win and should wait until 1836. As additional delegates arrived, they were allowed to cast their votes for Clay, and by the end of the convention he had 167 votes to one abstention. A similar procedure was used for the vice-presidential ballot. Former Congressman John Sergeant of Pennsylvania was nominated with 64 votes to six abstentions. A prominent Philadelphia attorney with connections to the Second Bank of the United States and a reputation as an opponent of slavery, Sergeant gave the ticket geographical balance.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, National Republican Party
After the nominations, the convention appointed a committee to visit Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, then adopted an address to the citizens of the nation.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic Party
The Anti-Masonic Party held the first national nominating convention in American history. 111 delegates from 13 states (all from free states, except Maryland and Delaware) assembled in the Athenaeum in Baltimore from September 26 to September 28, 1831.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic Party
Several prominent politicians were considered for the presidential nomination. Richard Rush would have been the nominee, but pointedly refused. As a result of this action, along with his softness toward Jackson, former President John Quincy Adams never forgave him. Adams was willing to run as the Anti-Masonic candidate, but the party leaders did not want to risk running someone so unpopular.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic Party
The delegates met behind closed doors for several days before the convention officially opened, making some initial decisions. Several unofficial presidential ballots and one official ballot were taken, in which William Wirt defeated Rush and John McLean for the nomination. Ironically, Wirt was a Mason and even defended the Order in a speech before the convention that nominated him. Wirt hoped for an endorsement from the National Republicans. When the National Republican Party nominated Henry Clay, Wirt's position became awkward. He did not withdraw, even though he had no chance of being elected.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic Party
The convention was organized on September 26 and heard reports of its committees on the 27th. The 28th was spent on the official roll call for president and vice president. During the balloting, each delegate's name was called, after which that delegate placed a written ballot in a special box. Wirt was nominated for president with 108 votes to one for Rush and two abstentions. Amos Ellmaker was nominated for vice president with 108 votes to one for John C. Spencer (chairman of the convention) and two abstentions.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Nullifier Party
While the South Carolina state legislature remained nominally under Democratic control, it refused to support Jackson's reelection due to the ongoing Nullification Crisis, and instead opted to back a ticket proposed by the Nullifier Party led by John C. Calhoun. The Nullifiers were made up of former members of the Democratic-Republican Party who had largely supported Jackson at the previous election, but were much stauncher proponents of states' rights, which ultimately led them to repudiate Jackson during his first term. Calhoun himself declined to head the ticket, instead nominating Governor of Virginia John Floyd, who also opposed Jackson's stance on states' rights. Merchant and economist Henry Lee was nominated as Floyd's running mate.


1832 United States presidential election, Nominations, Nullifier Party
Ultimately, Floyd's candidacy amounted to little more than a protest against Jackson, as his ticket did not run in any state outside of South Carolina. He nonetheless received all the state's electoral votes.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
The election campaign revolved around the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson, who disliked banks and paper money in general, vetoed the renewal of the Bank's charter and withdrew federal deposits from the bank. Clay hoped to divide Jackson's supporters and curry favor in Pennsylvania, the bank's headquarters, by attacking Jackson. His supporters criticized Jackson's use of presidential veto power, portraying him as "King Andrew."


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
However, the attacks on Jackson generally failed, in spite of heavy funding by the bank, as Jackson convinced the ordinary population that he was defending them against a privileged elite. Jackson campaign events were marked by enormous turnout, and he swept Pennsylvania and the vast majority of the country.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Jackson won the election in an electoral college landslide. Jackson received 219 electoral votes, defeating Clay (49), Floyd (11), and Wirt (7) by a large margin.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Jackson's popularity with the American public and the vitality of the political movement with which he was associated is confirmed by the fact that no president was again able to secure a majority of the popular vote in two consecutive elections until Ulysses S. Grant in 1872.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results
To date, only two other presidents from the Democratic party were ever able to replicate this feat: Franklin D. Roosevelt (for the first time in 1936) and Barack Obama (in 2012). Furthermore, no president succeeded in securing re-election again until Abraham Lincoln in 1864.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results
In spite of his achievement, Jackson was the second of only five presidents to win re-election with a smaller percentage of the popular vote than in the prior election. The other four are James Madison in 1812, Grover Cleveland in 1892, Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 and 1944, and Barack Obama in 2012.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results
Following the election and Clay's defeat, an Anti- Jackson coalition would be formed out of National Republicans, Anti-Masons, disaffected Jacksonians, and small remnants of the Federalist Party whose last political activity was with them a decade before. In the short term, it formed the Whig Party in a coalition against President Jackson and his reforms.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results
(a) The popular vote figures exclude South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote. (b) 66,706 Pennsylvanians voted for the Union slate, which represented both Clay and Wirt. These voters have been assigned to Wirt and not Clay. (c) All of John Floyd's electoral votes came from South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislatures rather than by popular vote. (d) Two electors from Maryland for Clay failed to cast votes.


1832 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Results by state
The 1832 presidential election results, by state, are displayed in the map below.


1832 United States presidential election in Alabama
The 1832 United States presidential election in Alabama took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1832 United States presidential election in Alabama
Alabama voted for the Democratic candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won Alabama by a margin of 99.94%.


1832 United States presidential election in Connecticut
The 1832 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1832 United States presidential election in Connecticut
Connecticut voted for the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, over the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Clay won Connecticut by a margin of 20.97%.


1832 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1832 United States presidential election in Delaware took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Delaware
Delaware voted for the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, over the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson. Clay won the state by a narrow margin of 1.98%. This was the first election in which Delaware voted by popular vote for President in a contested election. It had used the Congressional District Method in the uncontested Election of 1788-89, but had since changed to selecting its electors through the state legislature from 1792-1828.


1832 United States presidential election in Georgia
The 1832 United States presidential election in Georgia took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Georgia
Georgia voted unanimously for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson.


1832 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1832 United States presidential election in Illinois took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Illinois
Illinois voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won Illinois by a margin of 36.61%.


1832 United States presidential election in Indiana
The 1832 United States presidential election in Indiana took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Indiana
Indiana voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won Indiana by a margin of 34.20%.


1832 United States presidential election in Kentucky
The 1832 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Kentucky
Kentucky voted for the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, over the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson. Clay won Kentucky by a margin of 8.98%. His victory may have been influenced by the home state advantage he received from his native state.


1832 United States presidential election in Louisiana
The 1832 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Louisiana voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won Louisiana by a margin of 23.34%.


1832 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1832 United States presidential election in Maine took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 10 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Maine
Maine voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won the state by a margin of 10.70%.


1832 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1832 United States presidential election in Maryland took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 10 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Maryland
While Maryland voted for the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, over the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, by a mere four votes, this is irrelevant because electors weren't awarded based on the statewide vote. They were chosen in four district elections. A total of ten electoral votes were allocated, with five going to Clay and three to Jackson, while two electors failed to cast votes. In terms of raw votes cast, Clay's four-vote margin is the smallest between two major candidates in any state in any presidential election in United States history.


1832 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1832 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts voted for the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, over the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt, and the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson. Clay won Massachusetts by a margin of 25.54%.


1832 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1832 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Mississippi voted unanimously for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson.


1832 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1832 United States presidential election in Missouri took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Missouri
Missouri voted unanimously for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson.


1832 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The 1832 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
New Hampshire voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won New Hampshire by a margin of 13.52%.


1832 United States presidential election in New Jersey
The 1832 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in New Jersey
New Jersey voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won New Jersey by a margin of 0.76%.


1832 United States presidential election in New York
The 1832 United States presidential election in New York took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 42 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in New York
New York voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won New York by a narrow margin of 4.2%.


1832 United States presidential election in North Carolina
The 1832 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in North Carolina
North Carolina voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won North Carolina by a margin of 69.54 points. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Wilkes County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1832 United States presidential election in Ohio
The 1832 United States presidential election in Ohio took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Ohio
Ohio voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won Ohio by a narrow margin of 2.98%.


1832 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
The 1832 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 30 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania voted for the Democratic candidate, Andrew Jackson, over the Anti-Masonic candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won Pennsylvania by a margin of 15.92%. National Republican candidate Henry Clay did not appear on the official ballot.


1832 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Although Martin Van Buren was nominated as Jackson's running mate nationally, Pennsylvania's 30 electors choose native William Wilkins as his running mate instead.


1832 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Although Wirt lost Pennsylvania, with 42.04 percentage points, the Keystone State would prove to be his strongest in terms of popular vote percentage. Vermont, the only state to vote for Wirt, only gave him 40.79 percentage points.


1832 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
The 1832 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
Rhode Island voted for the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, over the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson. Clay won Rhode Island by a margin of 13.86%.


1832 United States presidential election in South Carolina
The 1832 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in South Carolina
South Carolina cast 11 electoral votes for the Nullifier Party candidate, John Floyd. These electors were elected by the South Carolina General Assembly, the state legislature, rather than by popular vote.


1832 United States presidential election in Tennessee
The 1832 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Tennessee
Tennessee voted for the Democratic Party candidate, state native Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay. Jackson won Tennessee by a large margin of 90.84%.


1832 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1832 United States presidential election in Vermont took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Vermont
Vermont voted for the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew Jackson. Vermont was the only state in the country that Wirt carried in 1832, by a margin of 6.08%. As of 2017, Wirt's performance remains the best-ever by a third-party Presidential candidate in any Northeastern state, constitutes the solitary occasion a third-party candidate has carried any New England state, and the only time a person from Maryland has ever won an electoral vote for the Presidency from pledged electors. (Spiro Agnew of Maryland would in 1968 and 1972 win the electoral vote for the vice presidency.)


1832 United States presidential election in Vermont
While Vermont was the only state that voted for Wirt, it would only prove to be his second strongest in terms of popular vote percentage, the first being Pennsylvania with 42.04 percentage points.


1832 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1832 United States presidential election in Virginia took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 23 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1832 United States presidential election in Virginia
Virginia voted for the Democratic Party candidate, incumbent President Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won Virginia by a margin of 49.93%.


1832 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1832 Vermont gubernatorial election took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of William A. Palmer to a one-year term as governor.


1832 Vermont gubernatorial election
The candidates for governor in 1832 were: incumbent William A. Palmer (Anti-Masonic); former Governor Samuel C. Crafts (National Republican); and Democrat Ezra Meech. In the general election, the General Assembly, which met in Montpelier on October 11, determined that the results were: total votes, 41,027; Palmer, 17,318 (42.2%); Crafts, 15,499 (37.8%); Meech, 8,210 (20.0%).


1832 Vermont gubernatorial election
Because no candidate received a majority as required by the Vermont Constitution, the General Assembly was required to select. Over 42 ballots, 223 members cast ballots, meaning 112 were required for a choice. Palmer consistently led the balloting with more that 100 votes, and attained as many as 111. On the 43rd ballot, 222 members cast ballots, meaning 111 were required for a choice. One Crafts supporter did not vote and one voted for Palmer, who was elected with 112 votes to 72 for Crafts, 37 for Meech, and 1 recorded as scattering.


1832 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the race for lieutenant governor, the total votes were 40,914. Anti - Mason and incumbent Lebbeus Egerton received 17,181 votes (42.0%), Jedediah Harris, a National Republican, received 15,304 (37.4%), and Democrat John Roberts received 8,429 (20.6%). The General Assembly was required to choose and with 219 members voting on the first ballot, 110 votes were necessary for a choice. Egerton was elected with 111 votes to 66 for Harris, 40 for Roberts, and 2 scattering.


1832 Vermont gubernatorial election
Benjamin Swan won election to a one-year term as treasurer, his thirty-third. Though he had nominally been a Federalist, Swan was usually endorsed by the Democratic-Republicans and even after the demise of the Federalist Party he was frequently unopposed. In 1832, he was the candidate of the National Republicans and Democrats, and Augustine Clarke was the Anti-Masonic candidate. The popular vote was reported as: total votes cast, 40,389; Swan, 23,687 (58.6%); Clarke, 16,702 (41.4%).


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1832. They were held concurrently with the 1832 presidential election, in which Democrat Andrew Jackson was re-elected.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections
The Jacksonians gained 17 seats, picking up several new seats in districts that were created following the 1830 census, with the rival National Republican Party losing three seats.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections
Economic issues were key factors in this election: Southern agricultural districts reacted angrily to the passage of the Tariff of 1832, which led to the Nullification Crisis. President Andrew Jackson and the Jacksonians showed a distrust for the banking sector, particularly the central Second Bank of the United States, which was strongly supported by the rival Anti- Jacksonian Party.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections
The third-party Anti-Masonic Party, based on anti-Masonry, gained eight seats, and Nullifier Party, a John C. Calhoun-led states' rights party that supported South Carolina in the Nullification Crisis, picked up eight of the nine representatives in South Carolina's delegation.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections
The House initially elected Andrew Stevenson as Speaker, but he resigned from the House after President Jackson appointed him as U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom: Anti- Jacksonian Representatives subsequently elected John Bell as Speaker over James Polk.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Election summaries
Following the 1830 Census, 27 new seats were apportioned, with 4 states losing 1 seat each, 8 states having no change, and the remaining 12 states gaining between 1 and 6 seats.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Connecticut
Connecticut kept its apportionment at 6 seats and elected its members at-large April 11, 1833.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Georgia
Georgia now had 9 seats, having gained 2 seats in reapportionment, and elected its members at-large on October 1, 1832.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
Elections were held April 1, 1833, after the term began but before the House convened in December 1833. However, at least one district went to several ballots into early 1834.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Pennsylvania
Following the reapportionment resulting from the 1830 census, Pennsylvania gained two representatives, increasing from 26 to 28, and was redistricted into 25 districts, two of which were plural districts. Pennsylvania elected its members October 9, 1832.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Tennessee
Elections held late, from August 1 to August 2 1833.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections, Vermont
Vermont elected its members January 1, 1833, but two were elected late in the Spring of 1833. The 4th district's election in the previous cycle (1830–1831) went to eleven ballots, so its member wasn't elected until the 1832, near the beginning of this cycle (1832–1833).


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri
Elections to the House of Representatives in Missouri for the 23rd Congress were held August 5, 1832 and August 6, 1833 for two Representatives. Unusually, rather than a single election for both seats, the second seat was elected a year after the first.


1832 and 1833 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri, Background
In the 22nd Congress, Missouri had been represented by a single Representative elected at-large. With reapportionment following the Census of 1830, Missouri's representation increased to 2 representatives. Going into the election, Missouri was represented by William H. Ashley (J), who'd been elected in a special election held in 1831.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1832 and 1833 were elections that had the Anti- Jacksonian coalition assume control of the United States Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the 1832 presidential election.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were elected by state legislatures.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 22nd Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 23rd Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 23rd Congress
There were two late regular elections and two special elections, in which the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4. They are ordered here by election date.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Georgia (Special)
Jacksonian George Troup resigned November 8, 1833 and Jacksonian John Pendleton King was elected November 21, 1833 to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Indiana
Class 1 Anti- Jacksonian senator James Noble died February 26, 1831, having served in office since statehood in 1816. Anti - Jacksonian Robert Hanna was appointed August 19, 1831 to serve until a special election, and Hanna did not run for the seat.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Indiana, Indiana (Special)
On January 3, 1832, Jacksonian John Tipton was elected to finish Noble's term, ending March 3, 1833.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Indiana, Indiana (Regular)
That same day, Jacksonian John Tipton was also elected to the next term, beginning March 4, 1833.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Mississippi
Jacksonian senator Powhatan Ellis resigned July 16, 1832 to become a U.S. District Judge. The governor appointed Jacksonian John Black to finish the term. But when the term ended March 3, 1833, the legislature had failed to appoint a successor.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Mississippi
Black was eventually elected to the seat November 22, 1833, this time as an Anti-Jacksonian.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, New York, New York (Special)
William L. Marcy had been elected in 1831 to the class 3 seat. In November 1832, Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, New York, New York (Special)
On January 4, 1833, Silas Wright Jr. was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, New York, New York (Regular)
For the regular election, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge received majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania
The election was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833, Samuel McKean was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjourned sine die without electing a Senator.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania
Upon the expiration of incumbent George M. Dallas's term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and elected Jacksonian Samuel McKean to the seat after three additional ballots. The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7 session are as follows:


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, South Carolina (Special)
There were two special elections to the U.S. Senate in South Carolina during this cycle.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, South Carolina (Special), South Carolina (Special, class 2)
The first election, on December 29, 1832, was to the class 2 seat held by Nullifier Robert Y. Hayne, who had resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1835, was won by Nullifier John C. Calhoun.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, South Carolina (Special), South Carolina (Special, class 3)
The second election, on November 25, 1833, was to the Class 3 seat held by Nullifier Stephen D. Miller, who had resigned March 2, 1833. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1837, was won by Nullifier William C. Preston.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Special)
Incumbent Jacksonian senator Littleton Tazewell resigned July 16, 1832 to become Governor of Virginia. On December 10, 1832, Jacksonian William C. Rives was elected to finish the Class 2 seat's term ending March 3, 1837. He would only serve, however, until his February 22, 1834 resignation.


1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections, Virginia, Virginia (Regular)
Incumbent senator (and future President), John Tyler was re-elected to the Class 1 seat in 1833, changing from Jacksonian to Anti-Jacksonian.


1832 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1832 in Australia.


1832 in Canada, Historical documents
Extensive geographical description of "Indian territories" from Labrador to Pacific Ocean (Note: racial stereotypes)


1832 in Canada, Historical documents
Prince Edward Island society described in terms of class and ethnic (English, Scottish, Irish, Acadian) stereotypes


1832 in Canada, Historical documents
Fur trading rivalry in Saguenay region makes trade of little value to any but Indigenous people, who "will soon be extinct"


1832 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1832 in Chile.


1832 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1832 in New Zealand.


1832 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1832 in South Africa.


1832 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1832 to Wales and its people.


1832 in architecture
The year 1832 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1832 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1832.


1832 in paleontology
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1832.


1832 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1832 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1832 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1832 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1832.


1832 in science
The year 1832 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1832 in sports
1832 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1832–33 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1832-1833 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833, Samuel McKean was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1832–33 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjourned sine die without electing a Senator.


1832–33 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
Upon the expiration of incumbent George M. Dallas' term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and elected Democrat Samuel McKean to the seat after three additional ballots. The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7th session are as follows:


1833
1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1833rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 833rd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 33rd  year of the 19th century, and the  4th   year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1833, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1833 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1833 Alabama gubernatorial election was an uncontested election held on August 5, 1833, to elect the Governor of Alabama. Democratic candidate John Gayle stood unopposed and so was elected with 100% of the vote.


1833 Bahamian general election
General elections were held in the Bahamas in December 1833. They were the first elections in which non-white residents were able to vote, and three non-white candidates were elected to the General Assembly; Stephen Dillet, Thomas Minns and John Deane.


1833 Bahamian general election, Background
General elections had previously been held in 1832. However, following a series of confrontations between the General Assembly and Governor Blayney Townley Balfour in 1833 over control of public buildings and the appointment of civil servants, Balfour dissolved the Assembly on 4 December 1833 after the Assembly voted by 21–2 to approve a resolution to withhold funding until the Governor accepted that the Assembly had control. Balfour ordered that elections be held within a fortnight, with the vote in Nassau set for 17 December.


1833 Bahamian general election, Electoral system
The elections were the first to be held under the 1833 Act to Relieve His Majesty's Free Coloured and Black Subjects of the Bahamas Islands From All Civil Disability, which gave free non-white men over 21 the right to vote and stand in general elections in the territory, though slaves were still excluded. Although property qualifications still severely restricted the franchise, with only around 4% of the population eligible to vote, several non-white candidates ran in the elections. The 25 members of the Assembly were elected in 13 constituencies ranging in size from one to four seats.


1833 Bahamian general election, Aftermath
Henry Adderley, the elected member for Long Island, claimed that he had been elected "contrary to his wish and consent", and asked to be excused from the Assembly. The Assembly was opened on 17 January 1834.


1833 Bahamian general election, Aftermath
In July 1834, several by-elections were held to elect additional members; George Anderson and Thomas Cartwright were elected from Exuma, George Adderly and Benjamin Sims Jr were elected from Long Island, James Malcolm was elected from Harbour Island, and George Camplejohn and Samuel Clutsam were elected from Eleuthera.


1833 Belgian general election
General elections were held in Belgium in 1833. In the Senate elections Catholics won 31 seats and Liberals seven. Only 46,000 people (1.1% of the country's population) were eligible to vote.


1833 Belgian general election
The Chamber of Representatives was fully renewed, following its dissolution by royal order of 28 April 1833. The King did so because of conflicts between the Liberal government (of Albert Goblet d'Alviella and Charles Rogier) and the Catholic-majority Parliament. The Chamber elections were held on 23 May 1833, with a run-off on 30 May. On 21 May 1833, just a few days before the elections, the government secured a significant diplomatic victory with the Convention of London, an agreement with the Netherlands to extend the ceasefire for an indefinite period.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake
The 1833 Nepal–India earthquake, also known as the 1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake occurred on August 26 at 22:58 local time (NPT). This earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.6–7.9 and struck with an epicenter somewhere in or near the Kathmandu Valley. The earthquake caused major destruction in numerous towns and villages in Nepal, northern India and Tibet. The earthquake was so powerful that it was felt in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Despite the extent of the damage, the number of fatalities resulted from the earthquake was surprisingly low, approximately 500. This was because the mainshock was preceded by two smaller but intense foreshocks earlier that day, causing many residents to make refuge outside their homes.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Main Himalayan Thrust is a decollement structure which defines the boundary between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate. This thrust fault is the source of most of Nepal's earthquakes. The earthquake of 1833 has been suggested by geologists to be a repeat of the 1344 earthquake, and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake was a repeat of the 1833 event. All of which failed to release all the strain that had been building over the past centuries, thus was an incomplete rupture of the Main Himalayan Thrust.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Tectonic setting, Earthquake
The decollement rupture area of the 1833 event is likely the same as in 2015, but closer to Kathmandu. Both earthquakes occurred along the Main Himalayan Thrust, and unlike the 1934 quake, did not rupture to the surface, thus, were blind thrust earthquakes. Inferring from isoseismal maps prepared after the quake, researchers believe the earthquake was caused by an 80 km to 120 km long by 40 km wide section of the megathrust fault rupturing. The same fault patch that broke in 1833 would re-rupture again during the Mw  8.0 1934 Bihar earthquake, as it did little to release the elastic tension along the decollement.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Tectonic setting, Earthquake
Very little is known about the epicenter location of the earthquake due to the poor constrains in data. Researcher and seismologist Nicholas Ambraseys determined the epicenter coordinates was . Another epicenter area located roughly 130 km west of the 1934 earthquake epicenter, at the eastern edge of a seismic gap has been favoured by many authors.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description
At about 6:00 pm, the first foreshock was felt in Kathmandu for 40 seconds, it was significant but not strong enough to cause any fatalities. Plants and trees were seen swaying from the crowns to their roots. The next foreshock occurred at 10:45 pm, which had similar effects like the one five hours earlier. These foreshocks would have a large influence on the number of casualties caused by the mainshock.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description
Fifteen minutes later, another earthquake rocked the city. It was described in the beginning as gentle rocking, followed by some rumbling sounds. Shaking then escalated to a more violent characterstic; trees were seen bending, and houses ripped from their foundations. Horses and cattles escaped from their stalls, frightened by the earthquake. The earthquake was so strong that people found it difficult to walk, like those seen in footages of the 2015 earthquake. It lasted an approximate three minutes. Many terrified residents got to the ground and began to pray during the earthquake.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description
In Kathmandu, the earthquake was assigned a modified Mercalli intensity scale rating of VIII (Severe) to X (Extreme). In an article published by The India Gazette on September 12 the same year, the earthquake was perceived as wave-like with long rolls and peaks, in a northeast and southwest direction.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description
At Chhapra, Bihar, the mainshock was still strong enough to be felt even from Nepal. It shook houses and woke many residents from their sleep. Many people rushed out of their houses even as more strong shock rocked the city. Huge chunks of cornice and plasters fell from walls during the quake. Several native dwellings were reportedly destroyed, and at least three lives were lost to house collapses. A massive fissure also tore through the ground some two miles from the city.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description
The foreshocks were also distinctly felt in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, jolting many people from their sleep, including the Europeans settling in the area. Almost all the Europeans residing in an establishment ran out of their residences for fear that they would crumble. Tremors were still felt even 20 minutes later. The mainshock struck at just before midnight, described as more violent than earlier events, and as if being "seized by several hands and shaken violently backwards and forwards". All the local residents in the city dashed out of their homes. The earthquake was so intense that standing was nearly impossible.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description, Aftershocks
An aftershock sequence immediately followed after the mainshock, but it gradually decayed after persisting for several weeks. Strong aftershocks were felt on October 4, October 18 and November 26 of 1833.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Historical description, Aftershocks
In 1835, a major aftershock struck the same region. The estimated magnitude of this aftershock is on the order of Mw  6.5 or greater. Thirty-three years later, another large earthquake struck on May 23, 1866. Estimates of this magnitude range between Mw  6.8 and 7.4, too small to cause any surface ruptures. Its epicenter location remains uncertain although some geologists suggest it was in the same location as the May 2015 Nepal earthquake, or it might be a deeper event like that of the Bihar earthquake in 1988.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Impact
The earthquake was felt over an area roughly 1 million km2 in Nepal, northern India and southern Tibet. Large landslides, rockfalls and avalanches in the mountainous region destroyed over 4,600 homes and temples. The two foreshocks occurring a few hours to minutes before the larger quake may have greatly reduced the death toll. Residents were driven out of their homes and dwellings due to panic caused by the two shocks. Had the two foreshocks not happen, many residents would have been killed.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Impact
At least 30% or more of all homes in the northern Nepal and southern Tibet region were totally destroyed. In the Kathmandu Valley, 400 buildings crumpled to the ground, burying many occupants residing in them. One of the two towers of the Dharahara, built by Bhimsen Thapa collapsed completely, and was never rebuilt. The other tower suffered minor damage and was repaired shortly after. The new tower stood over the city until 1934 when the magnitude 8.0 earthquake would knock it down again.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Impact
The other was partially damaged and quickly restored, only to be destroyed once again during the 1934 Bihar earthquake. The home of Matabarsing Thapa, was completely destroyed, and the garden houses belonging to Bhimsen Thapa became unfit for occupancy. In all, a total of 18,000 buildings were totally wiped out, with over 4,000 having collapsed in the Kathmandu Valley region.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Impact
In the town of Bhaktapur (then Bhatgaon), east of the Kathmandu Valley, at least 200 individuals were killed, making it the worst affected area outside the valley. One quarter (25%) to 70% of the town suffered major destruction, including at least 2,000 homes and six to eight temples.


1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake, Impact
In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns, and destroyed a small number of buildings. It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. Damage there was generally less widespread, with fewer deaths recorded. The capital of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, felt four distinct shocks with the last two causing homes to creak, and lamps to swing about. Shaking caused animals including birds, elephants and snakes to behave unusually. Residents of the city ran out of their homes, fearing it would collapse on them, and began to pray. The same effects were observed in other parts of India, where many people and animals became frightened.


1833 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Republic of New Granada in 1833. Francisco de Paula Santander was re-elected President, whilst Joaquín Mosquera was elected Vice President.


1833 Colombian presidential election, Background
Following the promulgation of the new constitution, Francisco de Paula Santander was elected interim President by the Constituent Assembly on 9 March 1832, to serve until the first official presidential term began on 1 April 1833.


1833 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1833 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 12, 1833. Former senator and Democratic nominee Henry W. Edwards was elected, defeating incumbent governor and National Republican nominee John S. Peters with 41.31% of the vote.


1833 Connecticut gubernatorial election
Peters won a plurality of the vote, but did not win a majority. The state constitution required in that case, the Connecticut General Assembly would elect the governor. Edwards won the vote in the state legislature and was elected governor.


1833 Connecticut gubernatorial election
This was the last appearance of the National Republican Party in a Connecticut gubernatorial election.


1833 Costa Rican Head of State election
In the election for Head of State of Costa Rica held between 3 and 16 February 1833, Manuel Aguilar Chacón, supported by liberal groups from San Jose and Alajuela, obtained 21 electoral votes cast by the second-degree electors elected by universal male suffrage weeks before. However, the minimum necessary to win was 22 votes according to the Constitution at the time, thus the election was declared null and it would correspond to the Parliament, then called the Constitutional Congress, to choose the Head of State, choosing conservative and monarchist José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado.


1833 Kunming earthquake
The 1833 Kunming earthquake was an 8.0 Mw earthquake that struck the provincial capital Kunming in Yunnan, China on September 6, 1833. The earthquake had its epicenter along the Xiaojiang Fault near the town of Songming, approximately 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Kunming's city centre. The earthquake destroyed many buildings, homes, and temples in Kunming and the nearby countryside. More than 6,000 people died as a result of the earthquake and another 80,000 were displaced. The Qing government at the time provided relief to the region and used the event to strengthen its administration in the province. The 1833 Kunming earthquake was the largest magnitude earthquake in Yunnan's recorded history.


1833 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1833 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 9, 1833. Incumbent Democratic Governor Samuel E. Smith was defeated for re-nomination by Robert P. Dunlap. Smith ran for re-election as an Independent Democrat.


1833 Maine gubernatorial election
Dunlap defeated National Republican candidate Daniel Goodenow and Smith with 52.14% of the vote.


1833 Maine gubernatorial election, Democratic nomination
The Democratic state convention was held on June 26, 1833 at Augusta, Maine.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 11.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
National Republican Governor Levi Lincoln Jr. did not run for a tenth term in office. He was succeeded by John Davis, a National Republican, who defeated former President John Quincy Adams, Democrat Marcus Morton, and Working Men's candidate Samuel Allen. Because no candidate received a majority of the popular vote, the election was thrown to the Massachusetts General Court, where Davis was elected.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic
In March, Representative Edward Everett approached John Quincy Adams to inform him that Governor Levi Lincoln Jr. would not seek a tenth term in office and that a union of the National Republican Party and Anti-Masonic Party could be effected to ensure Adams's election.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic
A group of Anti- Masons traveled to Washington to appeal to Adams in July but found him reluctant to accept their nomination without guarantee of a National Republican alliance. They give him the assurance that National Republicans would unite with them in his nomination as they had in support of Senator Daniel Webster. He remained skeptical, aware that many conservatives and Masons within the state National Republican Party were opposed to his candidacy.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Anti-Masonic
Because of his reluctance, Adams suggested Edward Everett himself seek the endorsement, but when he attempted to gain Anti-Masonic support with a speech denouncing Masonic influence, he was informed he could no longer secure the National Republican endorsement and declined to seek either party's nomination. Given Everett's withdrawal and Samuel Lathrop's refusal to run as the party's nominee for a third time, Adams resolved to accept, expecting that he would also receive the National Republican endorsement. He was formally endorsed at the Anti-Masonic convention in September.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, National Republican
However, the Everett brothers approached Adams once more to ask him to withdraw in favor of John Davis at the behest of George Bancroft, Davis's brother-in-law. Adams faced an uphill battle for the National Republican nomination; 35 of the 63 delegates from Boston were influential Masons.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, National Republican
Davis, a moderate critic of Masonry, was nonetheless reluctant to accept the National Republican nomination. He did so only at the urging of Governor Lincoln and was nominated at the National Republican convention in October.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic
The Democrats largely avoided the conflict over Masonry and perennial nominee Marcus Morton publicly declared that he would not join the Anti-Masonic movement nor publicly discuss Freemasonry.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic
In June, the party was buoyed by the personal presence of President Andrew Jackson in the state, which he toured with Josiah Quincy as his aide-de-camp en route to Harvard to accept an honorary doctorate of letters. Jackson's tour drew large crowds of supporters and caused at least one National Republican publication, the Boston Courier, to remark that as President, Jackson deserved the honor.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic
At the party convention in September, Morton was nominated again without opposition, though the convention's resolutions against John C. Calhoun and nullification may have caused a stir and the beginnings of a rift between the conservative urban faction led by David Henshaw, who was friendly with Calhoun, and the liberal rural faction led by Morton.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Nominations, Working Men's
The Working Men's Party was formed in a separate convention held in Boston on October 2. Samuel Allen, a graduate of Dartmouth and Congregationalist minister, was selected as the new party's nominee. He declared that the party was on the side of "producers" against "accumulators" and those who controlled "associated wealth."


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign
A major issue in the campaign was President Jackson's cancellation of government deposits in the U.S. Bank in September, outraging conservative supporters of the Bank. Democrats continued to remain silent on Masonry throughout the election, and focused on absorbing the Allen's supporters by declaring his principles as identical to those of Jackson.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign
The last days of the campaign were particularly intense as National Republicans bitterly attacked Adams and Morton. The Morning Post published a report on the eve of the election claiming that Morton was the preferred candidate of National Republican leaders, suggesting that both Davis and Adams lacked support from the party leadership. With the Democrats focused on the Working Men and Adams appeal to individual National Republicans, the Anti-Mason's felt their chances of winning were strong.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results
Though Davis won a plurality of the vote, he did not secure a majority necessary to secure his election. Adams made large gains for the Anti- Masons in the eastern part of the state, chiefly at the expense of the National Republicans. The conservative National Republicans had lost more than a quarter of their votes to the three liberal parties.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results
Allen drew support from Democrats and rural National Republicans; his support was preponderantly rural.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results
Morton carried Dukes and Essex counties because Adams took enough National Republican votes to leave Democratic pluralities, but did increase his vote overall despite Allen's presence in the race.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Legislative vote
Because no candidate secured a majority, the election was decided by the General Court. The newly formed 1834 Massachusetts House of Representatives would choose two candidates and the Senate would select one as Governor.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Legislative vote
Negotiations ensued between the Anti- Masons and Democrats in the House to present Morton and Adams; Morton would then be elected by the Senate on the ground that he was more friendly to the Anti- Masons than Davis.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Legislative vote
On November 26, Edward Everett visited Adams to prevail upon him to withdraw and endorse Davis. Despite some private resistance, Adams eventually did so, possibly out of fear that Morton's election would be seen as a victory for President Jackson or possibly from reluctance to leave his district without a Representative in Congress.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Legislative vote
Davis was elected by an alliance of National Republicans and Anti-Masons, who went on to form the bulk of the new Whig Party, though not without shedding some dissenters.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Legislative vote
Adams endorsed an amendment to the state constitution which would abandon the majority requirement; this amendment would not come until May 1855.


1833 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, References, Bibliography
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1833 Massachusetts legislature
The 54th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1833 during the governorship of Levi Lincoln Jr.. Benjamin T. Pickman served as president of the Senate and William B. Calhoun served as speaker of the House.


1833 Morpeth by-election
The 1833 Morpeth by-election was held on 31 December 1833 It was won by the unopposed Whig candidate Edward George Granville Howard who replaced his brother Frederick George Howard.


1833 Naval Air Squadron
1833 Naval Air Squadron (1833 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm between 1943 and 1945 and then again from 1947 to 1957.


1833 Naval Air Squadron, First creation
The squadron was first formed on 15 July 1943 at the US Naval Air Station at US Naval Air Station Quonset Point, Rhode Island under the command of Lt Cdr (A) H A Monk and with a compliment of 10 aircraft. Equipped with the American Chance Vought F4U-1 known as the Corsair I in British service the squadron moved to the US Naval Air Station Brunswick, Maine in August 1943 before shipping back to the United Kingdom in October 1943 on board the escort carrier HMS Trumpeter.


1833 Naval Air Squadron, First creation
While at Brunswick the squadron was re-equipped with an upgraded version of the Corsair, the F4U-1D or Corsair II. The squadron formed part of 15 Naval Fighter Wing under the command of Lt Cdr R J Cork succeeded upon Cork's death in March 1944 by Lt Cdr A M Tritton, the other squadrons being 1830 Squadron and 1831 Squadron. In December 1943 the decision was made to increase the compliment of squadrons to 14 aircraft and to achieve this 1831 Squadron was disbanded with its pilots being distributed to the other two squadrons. The wing was assigned to HMS Illustrious and landed on Illustrious on 27 December 1943. On 30 December 1943 Illustrious sailed for the Indian Ocean to join the British Pacific Fleet.


1833 Naval Air Squadron, First creation
In March 1944 Lt Cdr Monk was posted away and replaced as commanding officer by Lt Cdr N S Hanson RNVR. From May 1944 the squadron took part in several operations including Operation Cockpit, Operation Transom, Operation Crimson, Operation Robson, Operation Outflank, Operation Meridian and Operation Iceberg. In August 1944 the size of the squadron was enlarged again, to 18, with 1838 Squadron from HMS Victorious being disbanded to provide the additional personnel and aircraft.


1833 Naval Air Squadron, First creation
During Operation Iceberg, Illustrious was damaged by a Japanese Kamikaze attack and the damage sustained resulted in Illustrious being withdrawn from combat operation in May 1945. The personal of the two fighter squadrons were retained on-board, although the aircraft were disembarked in Australia, until the ship returned to the UK in June 1945. The following month both squadrons were disbanded.


1833 Naval Air Squadron, First creation
The squadron was awarded three battle honours; Okinawa 1945, Palemberg 1945 and Sapeng 1944.


1833 Naval Air Squadron, Second creation
In 1947 the squadron was reformed at HMS Gamecock near Bramcote, Warwickshire  as one of the first four units of the RNVR Air Branch. Initially equipped with piston-engined aircraft such as the Supermarine Seafire and the Hawker Sea Fury, latterly the squadron was equipped with jet aircraft, the de Havilland Sea Vampire and the Supermarine Attacker. The move to jet aircraft required the squadron to move to RAF Honiley, close to Bramcote, as the facilities at Bramcote were unsuitable for jet aircraft. The squadron was disbanded in March 1957 along with the rest of the RNVR Air Branch.


1833 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election
In the October 9, 1832 elections, Joel B. Sutherland (D) was re-elected to the 1st district, but resigned his seat to accept a judgeship. He then subsequently resigned that judgeship to run in this October 8, 1833 special election which was called to fill the vacancy caused by his original resignation, and won that election.


1833 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election, Election results
There were also 57 votes for someone with the surname of Martin, first name and party affiliation unknown.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 1833 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 29 January 1833.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
This was the first Parliament after the Reform Act 1832. Not wishing to have an inexperienced Speaker preside over the reformed Parliament, the government persuaded the long-serving incumbent Speaker Charles Manners-Sutton to postpone his retirement. He was standing for a seventh term as Speaker.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
Joseph Hume (Radical) objected that Manners-Sutton, a vocal opponent of the reform, should not preside over a reformed Parliament. He proposed Edward Littleton (Whig). Daniel O'Connell (Irish Nationalist) seconded.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
Viscount Morpeth, although a Whig, commended Manners-Sutton's conduct as Speaker, and proposed him. Sir Francis Burdett (Radical) seconded.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
A debate ensued. Littleton spoke against his own nomination, stating his support for Manners-Sutton and asking that Manners-Sutton be elected without a division.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
O'Connell objected to this: he would not countenance a Tory Speaker after the reform, believing that "the grand advantage of the Reform Bill was to put down Toryism in England — that vile and abominable system, which existed by the plunder of the people, and by the usurpation of their rights".


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
Among other objections to Manners-Sutton was the pension awarded on the basis that he was retiring: if re-elected he might draw both a pension and a salary.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
Voting on Hume's motion that Littleton take the Chair, the motion was defeated by 31 votes to 241, a majority of 210. The amended motion that Manners-Sutton take the Chair was then passed without division.


1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The elections of 1833 and 1835 (in which Manners-Sutton was defeated) were the only elections since 1780 in which an incumbent Speaker seeking re-election was opposed.


1833 Sumatra earthquake
The 1833 Sumatra earthquake occurred on November 25 at about 22:00 local time, with an estimated magnitude in the range of 8.8–9.2 Mw . It caused a large tsunami that flooded the southwestern coast of the island. There are no reliable records of the loss of life, with the casualties being described only as 'numerous'. The magnitude of this event has been estimated using records of uplift taken from coral microatolls.


1833 Sumatra earthquake, Background
The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 1984, 2000 and 2002.


1833 Sumatra earthquake, Damage
There is only sparse information available regarding the extent of damage associated with either the earthquake or the subsequent tsunami. However, the tsunami was clearly devastating along the southwest coast of Sumatra from Pariaman to Bengkulu. There is also a lone report of significant damage in the Seychelles. The tsunami also caused severe damage in the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Waves have also been reported to reach northern Australia, the Bay of Bengal and Thailand, although in small intensity.


1833 Sumatra earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake
The earthquake shaking lasted 5 minutes in Bengkulu and 3 minutes in Padang, combined with the severity this suggests a very large source rupture. The rupture extent and the magnitude of this earthquake has been determined using the effect of relative sea level changes on coral microatolls from a group of small islands along the outer arc ridge that runs parallel the coast of Sumatra, the Mentawai islands. These microatolls, named for their resemblance to island atolls, can be used to provide a record of sea level change.


1833 Sumatra earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake
Microatolls form because the coral head cannot grow up beyond low tide level (known as highest level of survival or HLS) as exposure leads to death. The morphology of the microatolls directly reflects changes in HLS. The presence of annual growth banding combined with the Uranium-thorium dating method allows morphological changes to be dated, with an uncertainty of only a few years to a few decades.


1833 Sumatra earthquake, Characteristics, Tsunami
Modelling of the tsunami suggests that most of the energy would have been radiated out into the Indian Ocean, sparing most coastal population centres outside Sumatra itself. Detailed modelling around Sumatra matches well with limited observations available.


1833 United States Senate election in New York
The 1833 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 5, 1833, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.


1833 United States Senate election in New York, Background
Charles E. Dudley had been elected in 1829 to this seat to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Martin Van Buren who had been elected Governor in November 1828. Dudley's term would expire on March 3, 1833.


1833 United States Senate election in New York, Background
At the State election in November 1832, a very large Jacksonian-Democratic majority was elected to the Assembly, and six of the eight State Senators elected were Jacksonian Democrats. The 56th New York State Legislature met from January 1 to April 30, 1833, at Albany, New York. The party strength in the Assembly as shown by the election for Speaker was: 99 for Jacksonian Democrat Charles L. Livingston and 22 for Anti- Mason John C. Spencer.


1833 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates
On February 2, the Jacksonian Democratic State legislators held a caucus to nominate a candidate. The members were divided between Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, New York Supreme Court Justice Jacob Sutherland, and Ex-Assemblyman Benjamin F. Butler. On the first ballot no-one received a majority. Sutherland's name was then withdrawn by his brother-in-law Edward Livingston with the intent to join the supporters of Butler and Sutherland against Tallmadge, but Tallmadge was eventually nominated by a very small majority ("three or four" votes [see Hammond, pg. 432]) Nevertheless, some of the Jacksonian Democrats voted for Butler.


1833 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates
Francis Granger, the defeated gubernatorial candidate of the last State election was the candidate of the Anti- Masons and National Republicans.


1833 United States Senate election in New York, Election
When Tallmadge's name was brought forward in the Legislature, members of the opposition, among them Isaac L. Varian and John C. Spencer, objected, arguing that Tallmadge as a State Senator was constitutionally ineligible. The State Constitution of 1821 provided in § 10 that "no member of the Legislature shall receive any civil appointment ... from the Legislature, during the term for which he shall have been elected," which supports this point of view.