18 East 50th Street, History, Showrooms
After the building was remodeled in 1937, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle characterized the building as selling "furniture at all prices", with entire floors dedicated to selling furniture from France, England, and the U.S.  Hampton Shops reorganized in mid-1938 after filing for bankruptcy. The stock of the company was liquidated starting in December 1938 and continuing for twelve weeks.


18 East 50th Street, History, Later tenancy
After Hampton Shops' bankruptcy, 18 East 50th Street was remodeled in 1940 and leased to art and design businesses. The storefront was leased to a fur clothing store, while the upper floors contained tenants such as a dress company and a photography studio. The building was owned by 18 East 50th Street Inc. until 1945, when it was sold to air conditioning manufacturer Carrier Corporation, which opened a New York City branch office there.


18 East 50th Street, History, Later tenancy
The Costume Museum rented space at 18 East 50th Street in 1943, though it was subsequently combined with the Metropolitan Museum of Art and moved to the Met's building in early 1946. The Carrier Company sold the building in November 1947 to Webb & Knapp, and the building was resold a month later to the Drake America Corporation, which initially intended to use the space as offices. Drake America ultimately resold the building to British firm A. M. Corporation for investment the following year.


18 East 50th Street, History, Later tenancy
The building continued to be used as showrooms and galleries. John Gerald opened a home-furniture showroom in 1949, and an Italian decor showroom opened in 1954. Some restrictions were placed on the operation of 18 East 50th Street, likely because the building was close to St. Patrick's Cathedral. A certificate of occupancy, issued by the Department of Buildings in September 1951, said that the windows could only display "paintings, statuary, and tapestries";  signs could not be projected from the facade; loading was forbidden from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.; and the building could not open on Sundays. During the 1960s, the building contained the Savoy Art and Auctions Galleries.


18 East 50th Street, History, Later tenancy
18 East 50th Street also contained industrial and office tenants, including the National Advertising Service, the executive offices of television studio Filmways, and George Nelson & Company Industrial Design. Another tenant during this time was Bill Castleberry, president of Zebra Associates, the largest advertising agency owned by Black Americans until its bankruptcy in 1976. At one point, the building also served as headquarters of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York's school system, as well as a sales office for property on Roosevelt Island.


18 East 50th Street, History, Later tenancy
18 East 50th Street was sold in 1977 to Pamela Equities, subsequently known as Pan-Am Equities, which operated the New York Health & Racquet Club. Part of the interior was then converted into space for the club, while the facade was renovated with new glass storefronts and an awning. The building became known alternately as the New York Health & Racquet Club Building. Its subsequent occupants included office tenants such as the Foreign Press Center and Sports Orthopedic and Athletic Rehabilitation. In mid-2016, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) proposed protecting twelve buildings in East Midtown, including 18 East 50th Street, in advance of proposed changes to the area's zoning. On November 22, 2016, the LPC designated 18 East 50th Street and ten other nearby buildings as city landmarks.


18 Essential Songs
18 Essential Songs is a collection of songs recorded throughout Janis Joplin's career released in 1995 by Columbia Records. It included songs from her solo career as well as with Big Brother & the Holding Company. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it as gold on April 12, 1999.


18 Essential Songs, Reception
AllMusic critic William Ruhlmann awarded the album 4.5 out of five stars and noted:


18 Essential Songs, Reception
18 Essential Songs is a one-disc distillation of the triple-disc Janis box set. Running 70 minutes, it is a more extensive best-of than the ten-track 1973 Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits album. But it is denied "first pick" status because, unlike that album, it does not contain the hit version of Joplin's only number one single, "Me and Bobby McGee." (It does, however, contain an alternate demo version of that song.)


18 February 2007 Baghdad bombings
Three car bombs exploded in mainly Shia areas of Baghdad, killing at least 63 people and injuring more than 120 on 18 February 2007. It happened despite a huge military offensive was going on, led by US and Iraqi troops.


18 February 2007 Baghdad bombings
One of the killed, Ehab Karim, is a midfield footballer for Al Sinaa.


18 Field Ambulance
18 Field Ambulance is one of the 16 Royal Canadian Medical Service (RCMS) reserve medical units. Situated in Thunder Bay, Ontario, 18 Field Ambulance has a proud reputation among the Canadian Forces.


18 Field Ambulance, History
The 18 Field Ambulance was formed in 1921 in Winnipeg. Originally it was designated 4 Field Ambulance in order to perpetuate the First World War service of 4 Canadian Field Ambulance, Canadian Expeditionary Force. Its war-time predecessor had been formed in Winnipeg on 7 November 1914 and served in France and Flanders 1915–1919 as part of the 2nd Canadian Division. During the Second World War, 4 Field Ambulance formed another active service unit, which served first in Italy and later in France and Belgium.


18 Field Ambulance, World War I
Assigned as Medical unit for 6th Canadian Infantry Brigade and provided their medical needs at the following battles:The Somme,Amiens,Vimy Ridge,Fosse,Passchendaele, andArras.


18 Field Ambulance, World War II
During World War II, 18 Field Ambulance was assigned as Medical unit for the 1st Infantry Brigade (Royal Canadian Regiment, Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment, 48th Highlanders) and provided their medical needs at the following battles.


18 Field Ambulance, World War II, Italy, 1943-1945
Medical staff, who were involved early in the planning of the invasion of Italy, developed a plan to evacuate casualties back to the landing beaches where additional clearing stations and field surgical units, as well as special beach medical sections would be located. These would be available for the care of the casualties until they could be evacuated by landing craft to Sicily itself or to nearby hospital ships. The units which would put this plan into effect included a field ambulance accompanying each brigade, two field surgical units, a field dressing station and a field transfusion unit.


18 Field Ambulance, World War II, Italy, 1943-1945
Their role was to set up an advanced surgical center near the advanced dressing station in Reggio. All of the remaining divisional medical resources were to have crossed to Italy by D-Day +7. In addition, plans were made for landing strips to be made available and prioritization of those casualties who might require air transport.


18 Field Ambulance, World War II, Italy, 1943-1945
Malaria treatment and prophylaxis was a high priority and many proposals were put forth to reduce the incidence rate. One such proposal was to withdraw the issue of short pants from the troops as they tended to leave these on after dark when mosquitoes became active. 4 Field Ambulance was given the task of caring for the wounded being ferried to Sicily on landing craft. This tasking was in addition to the normal duties of providing medical care.


18 Field Ambulance, World War II, Italy, 1943-1945
The Canadians landed on 3 September 1943 with negligible opposition and secured their objectives by the end of the day. The first casualty to be treated by 4 Field Ambulance in Italy was on 7 September when the unit was set up in Delianuova along with No. 1 Field Surgical Unit and No. 1 Field Transfusion Unit. On 8 September the surrender of Italy was announced. At this time the Canadian axis of advance was moving mainly to the east coast road and soon Locri was in 3rd Brigade hands. By the 13th the Unit moved into Marina di Catanzaro and were joined by their rear-party with additional vehicles and equipment. This brought them up to war establishment for the first time since the original landing.


18 Field Ambulance, Notable members
Honorary LCon Margaret Ruth Page, C.M., C.D., M.P.H., R.N. Appointed the Order of Canada (Member) on October 23, 1997. Her contributions to nursing have been felt from the city of Thunder Bay to the continent of Africa. A former Director of Nursing at Lakehead University, she also served as Principal of the Kamuzu College of Nursing in Malawi, working with locals to improve the training program. During her term as President of the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, she helped to improve working conditions for nurses and to modernize the profession, making it more responsive to changing needs. Her dedication and expertise in public health and administration have benefited both nurses and those they serve (Governor General of Canada, 2007).


18 Fingers of Death!
18 Fingers of Death! is a 2006 parody kung-fu film made, written, directed and starring James Lew. Also starring are Maurice Patton as Ronald Mack, Pat Morita as Mr. Lee, and Lisa Arturo as Sushi Cue. Lori Beth Denberg also appears in the film.


18 Gramercy Park
18 Gramercy Park is a 19-story historic building in Manhattan, New York City, USA. Built as a hotel in 1927 and designed by the architectural firm Murgatroyd & Ogden, it was a women's temporary residence owned by The Salvation Army from 1963 to 2008. It was then known as the Parkside Evangeline. In 2010, The Salvation Army sold the building to Eastgate Realty for US$60 million. The investors were the Zeckendorf family and Israeli billionaire Eyal Ofer. In 2012, the building was redesigned by Robert A.M. Stern Architects as a luxury 16-unit condominium building.


18 Gramercy Park
Residents have a key to Gramercy Park, a private park.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
The area which is now Gramercy Park was once in the middle of a swamp. In 1831, Samuel B. Ruggles, a developer and advocate of open space, proposed the idea for the park due to the northward growth of Manhattan. He bought the property, 22 acres of what was then a farm called "Gramercy Farm", from the heirs of James Duane, son of the former mayor, father of James Chatham Duane, and a descendant of Peter Stuyvesant.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
Ruggles then deeded the land on December 17, 1832, to five trustees, who pledge to hold 42 lots in trust to be used as parkland. To develop the property, Ruggles spent $180,000 to landscape it, draining the swamp and causing about a million horsecart loads of earth to be moved. He then laid out "Gramercy Square", deeding possession of the square to the owners of the 66 parcels of land he had plotted to surround it, and sought tax-exempt status for the park, which the city's Board of Aldermen granted in 1832.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
It was the second private square created in the city, after Hudson Square, also known as St. John's Park, which was laid out by the parish of Trinity Church. Numbering of the lots began at #1 on the northwest corner, on Gramercy Park West, and continued counter-clockwise: south down Gramercy Park West, then west to east along Gramercy Park South (East 20th Street), north up Gramercy Park East, and finally east to west along Gramercy Park North (East 21st Street).


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
As part of his overall plan for the square, Ruggles received permission on January 28, 1833, from the Board of Alderman to open up Fourth Avenue, which had been limited to use by trains, to vehicular traffic. He also brought about the creation by the state legislature of Lexington Avenue and Irving Place, two new north–south roads laid out between Third and Fourth Avenues and feeding into his development at the top and bottom of the park. The new streets reduced the number of lots around the park from 66 to 60.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
Gramercy Park was enclosed by a fence in 1833, but construction on the surrounding lots did not begin until the 1840s, due to the Panic of 1837. In one regard, this was fortunate, as the opening of the Croton Aqueduct in 1842 allowed new townhouses to be constructed with indoor plumbing. The first formal meeting of the park's trustees took place in 1844 at 17 Union Square (West), the mansion of James W. Gerard, which is no longer extant, having been demolished in 1938.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
By that time, the landscaping had already begun with the hiring of James Virtue in 1838, who planted privet inside the fence as a border; by 1839 pathways had been laid out and trees and shrubs planted. Major planting also took place in 1844 – the same year the park's gates were first locked – followed by additional landscaping by Brinley & Holbrook in 1916. These plantings had the effect of softening the parks' prim formal design.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
Gramercy Park is now a quiet residential corner within New York's most unambiguously enduring neighborhood. It is the only park in Manhattan with a keyed entry, as it is a private park. Access to the park is exclusive to people who live directly on the park's perimeter, which features a number of the city's most architecturally enchanting buildings, complete with wrought-iron gates, bluestone sidewalks, shaded lawns, and wooden benches. Owners at 18 Gramercy Park may purchase an annual key to the park.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
As of 2008, the cost for a key was $350, with a $1,000 fee for lost keys, which rises to $2,000 for a second instance. The Medeco locks are changed annually, and any property that does not pay the annual assessment of $7,500 per lot has its key privileges revoked. Additionally, the keys are very hard to duplicate. As of 2012, there were 383 keys in circulation, each individually numbered and coded.


18 Gramercy Park, Neighborhood History
Some of the area's notable previous residents include Henry James, Diminish Stuyvesant, Herman Melville, Edith Wharton, Stanford White, Oscar Wilde, and Winslow Homer.


18 Gramercy Park, Building Features
Since its completion in September 2012, the building has sold all of its units(many of which are full-floor residences), with many costing more than US$4,000 per square foot, including the three-level Maisonette with a private passage. The units feature marble showers, Miele dishwashers and thick white-oak floors. The building features two rooftop porches, a club room, spa and wellness center, 24-hour porter, full-time staff(including concierge) and four exposures with park and horizon views. Pets are permitted.


18 Gramercy Park, Unit Prices
18 Gramercy Park units have reportedly sold for between $10Million USD and $42Million USD for the 6,329 ft² duplex penthouse.


18 Gramercy Park, Redesign Building Architects
One of the world's most celebrated architects, Robert A.M. Stern is a senior member of the Yale School of Engineering and an author and instructor with a significant enthusiasm for the improvement of New York urbanism. Robert A.M. Stern Architects, LLP, is a 265-person engineering and interior configuration firm with nearly 50 years of practice as a universal pioneer in private, business, and institutional projects. Previous projects include Manhattan's The Chatham condominium, London's Audley Square House, the Spangler Center at Harvard Business School and Hong Kong's 50 Connaught Road Central.


18 Greatest Hits (2 Plus 1 album)
18 Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Polish group 2 Plus 1, released in 1991 by Sonic Records. It was 2 Plus 1's first album released directly on CD, and their last authorised release in the original line-up, before Janusz Kruk's death in 1992. Branded as a greatest hits album, the CD featured majority of the band's most notable hits, although ignored their English-language material. The album was re-released as 21 Greatest Hits five years later with slightly altered track listing, and the original 1991 issue is now a rare collectors' item.


18 Greatest Hits (Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5 album)
18 Greatest Hits is a compilation album by American singer Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5. Released solely in the United Kingdom, it spent three weeks at the summit. It became Jackson's second number one on the UK Albums Chart (right behind Thriller), as well as the Jackson 5's first and only number-one album.


18 Greatest Hits (Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5 album), Track listing
Tracks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17 and 18 sung by The Jackson 5.


18 Greatest Hits (Sandra album)
18 Greatest Hits is the second greatest hits album by German singer Sandra, released on 12 October 1992 by Virgin Records.


18 Greatest Hits (Sandra album), Background and release
18 Greatest Hits consists of all Sandra singles released between 1985 and 1992, many of them in shorter 7″ versions, excluding her most recent single, "I Need Love". A new version of "Johnny Wanna Live" from the Paintings in Yellow album was also included and released as a single to promote the collection. A video version of the album was released on VHS, including all 18 music videos.


18 Greatest Hits (Sandra album), Background and release
The compilation peaked at number 10 on the German chart, and has been certified gold in Germany and platinum in France. The album was re-released on 31 March 2003 under the title The Essential with a different artwork, but the same track listing.


18 Greatest Hits (Sandra album), Track listing
All tracks are produced by Michael Cretu, except tracks 4, 5 and 7, produced by Cretu and Armand Volker.


18 Greatest Hits (Sandra album), Certifications
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.


18 Hits
ABBA 18 Hits was released by Polar Music International on 8 September 2005, and is a compilation of hits by ABBA.


18 Hits
The 18 Hits set was released as a mid-price alternative to the best-selling full-price collection ABBA Gold: Greatest Hits and features 14 of the group's biggest hits and concludes with four non-English versions; "Honey Honey" (Swedish version), "Waterloo" (French version), "Ring Ring" (German version) and the Spanish version of "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)", entitled "Dame! Dame! Dame!". Among the more notable omissions on the 18 Hits collection are one of the band's biggest hits, "Dancing Queen", as well as "Chiquitita", "Take a Chance on Me" and "I Have a Dream".


18 Hits
The Swedish edition of 18 Hits, also released in 2005, featured four Swedish language recordings instead of the four non-English versions; "Waterloo", "Honey Honey", "Ring Ring (Bara Du Slog En Signal)" and "Åh Vilka Tider". This is the first ABBA CD to include "Åh Vilka Tider", which had originally been released as the B-side to the Swedish version of "Ring Ring". It would also appear worldwide on The Complete Studio Recordings. A budget-priced DVD entitled 16 Hits was released simultaneously.


18 Hits
While numerous other similar hits compilations with the group have been released both before and since, 18 Hits has proved to be one of Universal Music's bestselling ABBA products, peaking in the Top 10 in Poland and the Top 20 in the UK, Spain and Hungary and re-entering the charts in many territories after the premiere of movie Mamma Mia! in the summer of 2008. It never included any songs from The Visitors or any other songs released from 1981 to 1982.


18 Hits
This compilation is not available digitally, as many tracks, featured in this compilation, are part of other ABBA compilations available in digital distribution. It is, eventually, still repressed on CD for many regions of the world.


18 Hits, Track listing
All tracks are written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus unless otherwise noted..


18 Hits, Certifications
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.


18 Hours
18 Hours is a 2017 Kenyan drama film written and directed by Njue Kevin on his directorial debut. The cast includes Nick Ndeda, Sue Wanjiru, Brian Ogola, Isaya Evans and  Shirleen Wangari.


18 Hours
The film "follows a rookie paramedic who survives 18 hours in an ambulance for the life of a road accident casualty who is denied admission into hospital." The film, made history as being the first Kenyan picture to be nominated for the Best Overall film at the Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA) bagging 4 other nominations in the 2018 awards.


18 Hours, Plot
Loosely based on the real-life paramedic Brian Odhiambo, the story gives a positive perspective on the healthcare system that of a medic who will do whatever it takes to save the life of a patient.


18 Hours, Plot
Zach works for Raven paramedics services. His job is to handle emergency cases. An emergency call comes in from a witness about an accident that along a Highway. A pedestrian has been involved in a high speed hit and run while on his way home from work.


18 Hours, Plot
Assigned head of the rescue, Zach and his driver Mark dash out of their base and in about 20 minutes, they arrive at the scene. The casualty is bleeding from the head and not moving.


18 Hours, Plot
Zach and Mark get the casualty into their ambulance and soon after, they are on their way to different hospitals. Joined by Sabina (the casualty victim’s wife), they each take turns watching over the casualty as they ensure he has sufficient oxygen all the time. Zack is determined to keep the accident victim alive, 18 hours after the accident.


18 Hours, Production
The inspiration of the film began back in 2015 when Njue Kevin, the writer & director, read an article on the newspaper. It was a story inspired by a real-life tragedy, where a man bled in an ambulance for 18 hours because Kenyatta National Hospital claimed it did not have an ICU bed. And that’s when we started playing around with the idea that this can be a powerful film; a film that can entertain but also be used for social change. Producer, Phoebe Ruguru was then attached and the script development began with speaking to several doctors and emergency technicians who were fully immersed and involved with the project throughout. It's a medical thriller, so we had to be true to the medical fraternity, Njue told BBC World service.


18 Hours, Production
The casting process was open to the public and involved Kenyan actors even though the production received applications from actors across the globe including some from LA, Hollywood, London, and Germany. The casting call was put online and received 1000 applicants with only 25 making it to the film. After the writing, Njue hired a storyboard artist and camped 4 weeks in his apartment in Nairobi where they made sketches and images to visually tell the story.


18 Hours, Release
18 Hours opened to theatres across East Africa on 10 November 2017 to a sold out premier. A number of media personalities graced the launch including Kenyan athlete David Rudisha, who was involved in the marketing campaign to advocate for better emergency response in Kenya.


18 Hours, Release
The film was positively received in Kenya with reviews highlighting the audacity of Njue Kevin and his team to make the 18 Hours movie.


18 Hours (2021 film)
18 Hours is a 2021 Malayalam-language mystery thriller film directed by Rajesh Nair. It was released on 1 August 2021 through Manorama Max.


18 Hronia Live
18 Hronia Live (Greek: 18 Χρόνια Live; English: 18 Years Live), also referred to as 18XL, is a live album by popular Greek singer Katy Garbi recorded and released in 2007 by Sony BMG Greece. The album is her first live album; a double disk compilation of songs performed during a special charity concert held in Egaleo, Greece.


18 Hronia Live
A Gold certification was awarded on March 11, 2008 at an elaborate party, whose attendance included many of Garbi's longtime collaborators and fellow singers.


18 Hronia Live, Release
The initial paperback album cover was originally detailed to incorporate a metallic gold title situated upon a full cover collage of images throughout Garbi's solo career. However, upon the album's release the decision was made to change the title font colour to scarlet, increasing the contrast between collage and title. The first release on December 5 also had the collage continue along the back cover, and an inner booklet containing song titles, various photos and a double paged message from Katy addressing her fans, thanking her collaborators and explaining her song choices.


18 Hronia Live, Release
December 31 brought the release of the reissue of 18 Hronia Live, after a second decision was passed by Sony BMG to include a track listing at the back of the album cover.


18 Hronia Live, Singles
The following singles were officially released to radio stations. Additional songs such as, "Esena Mono live ", "Taxeia live", and "Sou 'ho Etimi Sygnomilive", despite not having been released as singles, managed to gain radio airplay and internet release.


18 January 2004 Baghdad bombing
At 8 am on 18 January 2004, a suicide bombing occurred in the Green Zone in Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq. The bomber exploded a 500kg bomb in a Toyota pickup truck outside while in a queue of vehicles waiting to enter the main United States headquarters. The attack killed 24 people, injured dozens of others and set cars on fire.


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
The 18 July 2012 Damascus bombing of the National Security headquarters in Rawda Square, Damascus, killed and injured a number of top military and security officials of Bashar al-Assad's government. Among the dead were the Syrian Defense Minister and Deputy Defense Minister. The incident occurred during the Syrian Civil War, and is considered to be one of the most notorious events to affect the conflict. Syrian public-owned television reported that it was a suicide attack while the opposition claims it was a remotely detonated bomb.


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Bombing
The attack, during a meeting of ministers and a number of heads of security agencies, resulted in the death of the Syrian Defense Minister General Dawoud Rajiha. Also killed were Assef Shawkat, president Bashar al-Assad's brother-in-law and deputy defense minister, the assistant to the vice president General Hasan Turkmani, and Hafez Makhlouf, head of investigations at the Syrian Intelligence Agency. However, Hafez Makhlouf was also reported to be wounded. The country's intelligence and national security chief Hisham Ikhtiyar was seriously wounded.


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Bombing
There were conflicting reports on the fate of the Interior minister Mohammad al-Shaar with initial accounts stating that he had also been killed, but later state TV reported that he survived although wounded. Additional reports stated that he was in stable condition. Al-Shaar was reported dead later, according to Al Jazeera. Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan, the national secretary of the Ba'ath Party, was also wounded in the bombing. On 20 July 2012, the death of Hisham Ikhtiyar was confirmed by Syrian authorities.


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Bombing, Perpetrators
The bomber was reportedly a bodyguard of one of the meeting's attendants. The opposition, meanwhile, claimed that the cause of the explosion was not a suicide bomber, but a rebel insider who planted a bomb inside the building and detonated it remotely from a distant location. Another report said that the bomb was hidden in the briefcase of Syrian Interior Minister Mohammad al-Shaar, who was injured in the blast.


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Bombing, Perpetrators
The Salafist Liwa al-Islam ("Brigade of Islam") and the Free Syrian Army both claimed responsibility for the bombing. Louay Almokdad, the Free Syrian Army's logistical coordinator, claimed that the attack was perpetrated by a group of Free Syrian Army members in coordination with drivers and bodyguards working for Assad's high-ranking officials. It was further stated that the two explosive devices, one made of 25 pounds of TNT, and the other a smaller C-4 plastic-explosive device, had been put in the room days before the meeting by a person working for Hisham Ikhtiyar.


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Bombing, Perpetrators
According to a 2016 Daily Beast article, former Syrian general Mohamad Khalouf claimed Iran and Assad were actually responsible for the bombing. Khalouf said that the officials killed were more moderate members of the regime whom Iran wanted removed. Bassam Barabandi, a former Syrian diplomat, also blamed Iran. The same Daily Beast article also quoted Syrian intelligence sources that said Assad believed the dead officials were planning a coup against him, and that all investigations into the bombing were blocked. Former ambassador Robert Stephen Ford said of the bombing, "I don't think we know how it was done."


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Reaction, Domestic
Although there were no statements from President Assad himself, Syrian TV said after the attack that a decree from him named Gen. Fahd Jassem al-Freij, who used to be the army chief of staff, as the new defense minister. Syrian state television said foreign-backed terrorists had carried out the attack. The country's armed forces said in a statement that Syria was "determined to confront all forms of terrorism and chop off any hand that harms national security".


18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, Reaction, Domestic
On 19 July 2012, Syrian state television broadcast images of President Assad at the Presidential Palace in Damascus, cutting short speculation fueled by his silence following the attack against his inner circle the previous day. In the images broadcast by the television, Assad was seen in blue suit, receiving the new defense minister, Fahd Jassem al-Freij, after the swearing ceremony. According to Israeli newspaper Haaretz, the state TV announcement appeared aimed at sending the message that Assad is alive, well and still firmly in charge. It said Assad wished the new defense minister good luck but it did not say where the swearing-in took place. Nor did it show any photos or video of the ceremony, as it usually would.


18 March Division
The 18 March Division (Arabic: فرقة 18 آذار) was a rebel group part of the Free Syrian Army that is active during the Syrian Civil War. It was named after the 18 March 2011 protests in Daraa. It was created on 11 April 2013 by colonel Mohammed Khaled al-Duhni out of three units. On 18 July 2013, the Southern Tawhid Brigade, one of the affiliated groups, left the 18 March Division following internal disputes. It joined the Southern Front on 14 February 2014.


18 March Division, History
In April 2015, after 5 Southern Front groups unilaterally rejected all forms of cooperation with the al-Nusra Front, the 18 March Division clashed with al-Nusra in the Dar'a al-Balad district of Daraa. Conflicting reports stated that the al-Nusra Front captured a member of the Southern Tawhid Brigade and threw a grenade at the latter group's headquarters.


18 March Division, History
On 28 September 2016, one of the group's field commanders, Hosam Abazid, was assassinated in the eastern Daraa countryside. Hosam Abazid was previously a member of the al-Nusra Front, then defected to the Southern Tawhid Brigade, then to the Islamic Muthanna Movement, and re-defected back to the 18 March Division.


18 Mart Çan power station
18 Mart Çan power station (also known as Çan power station) is a coal-fired power station in Turkey in Çan, which burns lignite mined locally and belongs to the state power company. It was shut down in March 2021 but reopened after a flue gas desulferization system was installed at a cost of US$45.9 million.


18 Mart Çan power station
In June 2021 İklim Değişikliği Politika ve Araştırma Derneği (Climate Change Policy and Research Association) said the plant should be shut down for operating without an environmental permit.


18 May 1811 Medal
The 18 May 1811 Medal (Spanish: Medalla 18 de Mayo 1811) is the second highest military decoration of the Uruguayan Army. The medal was established 16 December 1997 to complement the Medal of Military Merit, the highest decoration of the Uruguayan Army, and commemorates the Battle of Las Piedras which took place on that date. The medal is presented in three classes and are awarded based on the rank of the recipient. The medal is awarded to Uruguayan and foreign military officers, as well as civilians, for outstanding achievement and meritorious service.


18 May 1811 Medal, Appearance
The design of the medal depicts a four-armed cross of the sun's rays in silver. In the center of the cross is the Artigas' Cockade. The second class medal adds a golden laurel wreath around the cockade, while the first class medal includes the laurel wreath as well as three gold five-pointed start surmounting the cockade.


18 May 1811 Medal, Appearance
The ribbon of the medal is 36 mm wide, with a broad central stripe of white, flanked by blue edges, bisected by red stripes. When worn as a service ribbon, the grades of the medal are differentiated by a device. The ribbon for the third class is plain, the ribbon for the second class bears a gold colored laurel wreath device in the center, while the first class service ribbon bears a laurel wreath device surrounding three five-pointed gold stars.


18 Meals
18 Meals (Spanish: 18 comidas) is a 2010 Spanish comedy film directed by Jorge Coira and starring Luis Tosar and Federico Pérez Rey.


18 Melpomene
Melpomene (minor planet designation: 18 Melpomene) is a large, bright main-belt asteroid that was discovered by J. R. Hind on June 24, 1852, and named after Melpomenē, the Muse of tragedy in Greek mythology. It is classified as an S-type asteroid and is composed of silicates and metals.


18 Melpomene
Melpomene occulted the star SAO 114159 on December 11, 1978. A possible Melpomenean satellite with a diameter at least 37 km was detected. The satellite candidate received a provisional designation S/1978 (18) 1. In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty. Melpomene was observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in 1993. It was able to resolve the asteroid's slightly elongated shape, but no satellites were detected.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point
18 Merriman Street, Millers Point is a heritage-listed residence located at 18 Merriman Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point, History
Millers Point is one of the earliest areas of European settlement in Australia, and a focus for maritime activities. Merriman Street contains a substantial collection of Georgian style houses and terraces. This cottage was built c. 1855, first tenanted by the NSW Department of Housing in 1986.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point, Description
Simple single storey, two bedroom, Georgian style Victorian cottage with later verandah addition. Stone sills and brick arched lintels to door and windows. Shutters on windows, fanlight over entry door. Storeys: 1 Construction: Painted brick work, corrugated galvanised iron, timber verandah and joinery. Style: Victorian Georgian.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point, Heritage listing
As at 23 November 2000, 18 Merriman Street contains housing groups of the utmost historical importance.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point, Heritage listing
It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830s and is an important example of C19th adaptation of the landscape.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point, Heritage listing
18 Merriman Street, Millers Point was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


18 Merriman Street, Millers Point, References, Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on , entry number 857 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under  , accessed on 13 October 2018.


18 Miles Out
"18 Miles Out" is the tenth episode of the second season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead. It originally aired on AMC in the United States on February 26, 2012. The episode was written by Scott M. Gimple and series showrunner Glen Mazzara and directed by Ernest Dickerson. In the episode, Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) and Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) debate Randall (Michael Zegen)'s fate, leading to a physical battle between the two. Meanwhile, the survivors at the Greene farm deal with Beth Greene (Emily Kinney)'s suicidal behavior. In addition, this episode foreshadows the revelation that people do not need to be bitten to turn into walkers when Rick and Shane find two walkers without any sign of bite marks on them, although Rick dismisses the importance of this discovery.


18 Miles Out
Gimple added Rick and Shane's climactic fight scene into the episode's script, while Dickerson collaborated with stunt coordinator Lonnie Smith, Jr. on the choreography. An 800-pound motorcycle was used in the sequence, which was lightened by emptying the gas tank. "18 Miles Out" features recurring appearances from several actors and actresses including Lauren Cohan (Maggie Greene), Emily Kinney (Beth Greene), and Michael Zegen (Randall Culver).


18 Miles Out
"18 Miles Out" was well received by a number of television commentators, who praised the storyline and character development. Upon airing, it attained 7.04 million viewers and a 3.8 rating in the 18-49 demographic, according to Nielsen ratings. The episode became the second most-viewed cable telecast of the day, as well as the second most-watched cable television program of the week.


18 Miles Out, Plot
Randall (Michael Zegen), the teenager who Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) rescued, has fully recovered from his leg injury. Rick and Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) tie him up, gag him with duct tape and blindfold him, with plans to leave him at a school 18 miles from the farm. En route, Rick confronts Shane about what Lori (Sarah Wayne Callies) has told him, including Shane's attraction to Lori and Shane's involvement in Otis' death.


18 Miles Out, Plot
At the school, they find a secure building and leave Randall there with a knife. As they leave, Randall pleads to take them back, and then says he had gone to school with Maggie Greene (Lauren Cohan) and knows her father Hershel (Scott Wilson), suggesting he knows the farm's location. Shane prepares to kill Randall, but Rick tackles him. During the fight that follows, Rick is able to defeat Shane, who angrily breaks a window that releases a horde of walkers in the building. Shane takes safety in a school bus while Rick rescues Randall back to their vehicle. After contemplating leaving Shane, Rick returns to help Shane get to safety as well. They tie up and gag Randall again and return with him to the farm. Rick tells Shane that he will need to follow his orders to remain part of the group.


18 Miles Out, Plot
At the farmhouse, Lori, Maggie, and Andrea (Laurie Holden) are taking care of Maggie's younger sister Beth (Emily Kinney), who is now conscious. Maggie confides that Glenn (Steven Yeun) has lost confidence because he feels their relationship made him lose focus at the shootout in the bar, hence Lori advises her to make Glenn "man up". The women eventually realize Beth has become suicidal and place her under suicide watch. Lori and Andrea argue; Andrea believes the decision to stay alive should be Beth's alone, while Lori strongly disagrees; Andrea and Lori criticize each other in the process.


18 Miles Out, Plot
Andrea then proceeds to take over responsibility for Beth, after convincing Maggie to take a break. She locks Beth inside the room, opens the bathroom door, and leaves Beth alone to make her own choice. She advises the pain will never subside, "but you make room for it". Beth attempts suicide by using a shard of broken mirror to cut her wrist, but Maggie and Lori manage to pry the bathroom door open in time to save Beth, who is bleeding profusely but relatively okay.


18 Miles Out, Plot
Andrea returns to the house to check on Beth and is confronted by a furious Maggie. Andrea reasons that she allowed Beth to explore her choices, and Beth is now more convinced than ever that suicide is not an option. Maggie condemns Andrea's actions and forbids her from ever again setting foot inside the house.


18 Miles Out, Production
"18 Miles Out" was directed by Ernest Dickerson and co-written by Scott M. Gimple and showrunner Glen Mazzara. The storyline between Rick Grimes and Shane Walsh reaches a climax in "18 Miles Out", in which the two men get into a heated argument, ultimately engaging in a physical confrontation. Gimple conceived and wrote the scene into the episode's script. In the fight scene, the moves were choreographed. Dickerson collaborated with Lonnie Smith, Jr. who served as the stunt coordinator. Smith cast two stuntmen to demonstrate and act out the scene for Lincoln and Bernthal so they could duplicate the choreography.


18 Miles Out, Production
Jeremy Connors portrayed Rick, while Trent Bry played the role of Shane. In the fight sequence, Shane topples a motorcycle onto Rick's legs, temporarily immobilizing him. The motorcycle weighed an estimated 800 pounds; in order to decrease the weight of the vehicle, Dickerson and his team emptied the gas tank. This was rehearsed at the series' production studios. Scalan Backus, The Walking Dead's special effects technician, rigged the vehicle's footpeg to prevent it from sliding and making contact with the actors' legs.


18 Miles Out, Production
Backus also added a rod with a secure stable so it would give further clearance to the actors and increase the motorcycle's height from the ground. The cameramen filmed the shots at an angle, creating the illusion that the vehicle did hit the actors' legs. Writer Robert Kirkman summated on the aftermath of the confrontation:


18 Miles Out, Production
At the end of this week's episode, Rick is of the mind that they're square; they've got everything out in the open, they've each said their piece and they both know where each other stands, they've had their big blowout and they're riding back in that car and Rick thinks he's handled it. He doesn't necessarily think he's got his friend back, but he thinks the matters are settled. From the look of Shane in that car, I don't know that he's necessarily thinking that. For the most part, this conflict may be put on the back burner for the time being. It definitely seems like Shane still has a bone to pick.


18 Miles Out, Production
While returning to Hershel's farm, Shane stares at a walker in an abandoned field. Kirkman stated the walker symbolizes the growing scope of the zombie virus. "We're really just trying to show that that kind of thing is inescapable," he said. "You're just driving down the street, you look over and, 'Oh, there you go, there’s a zombie.' We're trying to show that this world is becoming more and more populated by zombies.


18 Miles Out, Production
Our thinking is that large population centers like Atlanta are really where the heart of this began and as [Rick and crew] moved out to Hershel’s farm they didn’t really encounter very many walkers because they are moving out of the city center at a faster rate than the zombie population. And that zombie population is starting to catch up with them. The area is starting to become more and more dense with walkers."


18 Miles Out, Production
Lori Grimes accuses Andrea of participating very little in household tasks. Kirkman avouched that since the initiation of the zombie apocalypse, many of the characters have reverted to traditional gender roles; "Lori is really just aggravated over a lot of things and she's lashing out. She was serious and she wants Andrea to pull her weight; certain people are stuck with certain tasks and to a certain extent people are retreating back into traditional gender roles because of how this survival-crazy world seems to work.


18 Miles Out, Production
Lori has a lot of things going on so she's definitely going to be behaving somewhat irrationally at times as she tries to cope with the pregnancy and the conflict between Rick and Shane as well as dealing with the fact that Rick was out on the road again. She's going through a lot of stuff."


18 Miles Out, Cultural references
"18 Miles Out" features several references to music, film, media, and other pop culture phenomena. The episode is structured similarly to the Breaking Bad episode "4 Days Out".


18 Miles Out, Cultural references
Alan Sepinwall of HitFix wrote: "'18 Miles Out' has a title that's very similar to '4 Days Out', one of the most memorable episodes of Breaking Bad, and a structure that's relatively similar: our two leads go on a long drive together for what should be a routine bit of business, have a lot of conversations about where they are at this point, and then hit a major obstacle that might keep them from driving home alive."


18 Miles Out, Cultural references
While driving in his car, Rick tells Shane of an incident with a close relative, who was sitting in blizzard-like conditions while listening to a narrative of Lord of the Rings. A scene towards the end of the episode contains the song Driver's Seat by rock band Sniff 'n' the Tears. In the concluding scene of "18 Miles Out", the song "Civilian" by indie folk band Wye Oak can be heard playing in the background.


18 Miles Out, Reception, Ratings
"18 Miles Out" was originally broadcast on February 26, 2012 in the United States on AMC. Upon airing, the episode attained 7.04 million viewers and a 3.8 rating in the 18-49 demographic, according to Nielsen ratings. Although it obtained the highest-rating in the 18-49 demographic out of any cable telecast of the day, "18 Miles Out" was the second most-viewed cable television program of the week. Its total viewership was slightly below that of the 2012 NBA All-Star Game, which garnered 7.07 million viewers. The episode became the second highest-rated cable program of the week dated February 26. Ratings and total viewership increased moderately from the previous episode, "Triggerfinger", which received 6.89 million viewers and a 3.6 rating in the 18-49 demographic.


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
"18 Miles Out" was critically acclaimed by television commentators. Bex Schwartz of Rolling Stone opined that the installment was an excellent and well-written episode, proclaiming that it "balanced zombie action with human drama".


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
In his B grade review for the episode, Zack Halden of The A.V. Club felt that "18 Miles Out" was one of the second season's more solid attempts; "While there's no question this is still serialized, the story here had a clear beginning, middle, and end, and we stay focused the whole time on two plot arcs: Rick and Shane deciding what to do with Randall [...] while Lori, Maggie, and Andrea deal in their own individual ways with Beth’s desire to kill herself." Halden resumed that it made him hopeful of future installments of The Walking Dead.


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
Matt Barone of Complex, Andrew Conrad of The Baltimore Sun, and IGN's Eric Goldman asserted that "18 Miles Out" was one of the series' best episodes, while The Star-Ledger's Mark Mauer thought that it was redundant, ultimately concluding that "it indulged in another subplot centered on a petty argument". Goldman professed that the episodic direction was more focused than previous installments. Concluding his review, he gave the episode a 9.5 out of 10, signifying an "amazing" rating. SFX journalist Ian Berriman echoed analogous sentiments, inevitably issuing "18 Miles Out" a four-and-a-half star rating. He called it the season's best episode, and wrote that it was filled with "action, explosive arguments, [and] difficult decisions".


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
Aaron Rutkoff of The Wall Street Journal touted the installment; "The writers' oratorical impulses were mostly kept in check, giving us instead an action-filled A plot in the field and a suspenseful B plot on the farm, and both have serious stakes. The motif connecting the two plots: knives. This episode was all about knives." Gary Roszko of The Huffington Post stated that "18 Miles Out" was a nice transition from what he thought was the typical development of the show. Sepinwall asserted that the episode was the strongest telecast since the second-season premiere, "What Lies Ahead".


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
While CraveOnline writer Blair Marnell felt that it was a good telecast, he declared that "18 Miles Out" was slightly inferior to its predecessor. New York's Starlee Kine was critical of the flashbacks in the episode, who described the process as baffling. She wrote, "It was done in the oddest way, though, where the flashbacks didn’t add any additional information than that which we already knew. It was as though the writers thought a flashback could be used in place of their characters having backstories, instead of as a vehicle to convey them."


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
Critics lauded the development of the storyline between Shane and Rick. Writing for Best Week Ever, Dan Hopper stated that it presented a cold and eerie outlook on the future of the two men. Nate Rawlings of Time evaluated their physical confrontation as "darn good", and Alex Crumb of The Faster Times called it "wholly satisfying". Entertainment Weekly writer Darren Franich commended the fight scene; "The Shane/Rick fight was great, a brilliantly extended scuffle that started out with an air of boys-will-be-boys pettiness but quickly escalated into something genuinely homicidal."


18 Miles Out, Reception, Critical response
Goldman summated on the scene: "Of course, it was also gratifying to finally see that conflict turn physical, with a fight we've been waiting to see for a long time. Rick vs. Shane was appropriately brutal and did a very good job of representing the two men's different tactics—Rick was no doubt a formidable and dangerous guy in a fight, wailing on Shane with a series of punches. But Shane was going for the kill, using anything he could grab as a weapon, as he shoved a motorcycle onto Rick at one point and then threw a massive wrench at him in an effective, 'Holy S**t!' moment."


18 Minutes
18 Minutes is a 1935 British drama film directed by Monty Banks and starring Gregory Ratoff, John Loder and Benita Hume.


18 Minutes, Plot
A lion tamer adopts an orphaned girl and marries her, only to find that she loves another.


18 Minutes, Critical reception
TV Guide described 18 Minutes as an "Interesting drama, way above average for British films of the time"; and rated it three out of five stars.


18 Monkeys on a Dead Man's Chest
18 Monkeys on a Dead Man's Chest is an album by David Thomas and Two Pale Boys, released in March 2004.


18 Monkeys on a Dead Man's Chest, Track listing
All tracks composed by David Thomas, Andy Diagram and Keith Moliné


18 Monocerotis
18 Monocerotis is a binary star system located about half way from Orion's Belt to Procyon, in the equatorial constellation of Monoceros. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.47, and is positioned around 370 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. The system is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +11 km/s.


18 Monocerotis
It is reported as a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 1,760.9 days (4.8 years) and an eccentricity of 0.4. The visible component is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0+IIIaBa0.2, showing a slight overabundance of barium. The spectrum displays strong violet lines of CN. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, this star has expanded to 27 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 311 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,750 K.


18 Months
18 Months is the third studio album by Scottish DJ and musician Calvin Harris. It was released on 26 October 2012 by Deconstruction, Fly Eye and Columbia Records. It marked Harris's first album where he does not regularly provide vocals on each song, instead producing the music and having guest singers sing for him, as Harris stated in late 2010 he did not intend to sing on his songs anymore. The album also shows a shift from Harris' usual nu disco-style songs, focusing more on an electro house style.


18 Months
18 Months debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, earning Harris his second consecutive number-one album on the chart. It had sold over 923,000 copies in the United Kingdom as of July 2017. The album includes the singles "Bounce", "Feel So Close", "Let's Go", "We'll Be Coming Back", "Sweet Nothing", "Drinking from the Bottle", "I Need Your Love" and "Thinking About You", all of which, along with "We Found Love" featuring Rihanna, reached the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart, making 18 Months the first album in history to spawn nine top-10 singles. The songs "Let's Go" and "Sweet Nothing" were nominated for Best Dance Recording at the 55th and 56th Grammy Awards, respectively.


18 Months, Singles
"Bounce" was released as the album's lead single on 10 June 2011, featuring American R&B singer Kelis. The song peaked at number two in the United Kingdom, number six in Ireland and number seven in Australia.


18 Months, Singles
The second single "Feel So Close" was released on 19 August 2011, reaching number two in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and number seven in Australia. The song also became Harris's first solo single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, reaching number 12.


18 Months, Singles
"Let's Go" was released as the album's third single on 30 March 2012, and it features American R&B singer Ne-Yo. It peaked at number two in the United Kingdom, number six in Ireland and number 17 in Australia and the US. "Let's Go" received a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 55th Grammy Awards in 2013. The track was used in Pepsi Max's Crowd Surfing television advert.


18 Months, Singles
"We'll Be Coming Back", featuring English singer and rapper Example, was released on 27 July 2012 as the fourth single from the album. It peaked at number two in the United Kingdom and number eight in Australia, while becoming both Harris's and Example's first solo single to reach number one in Ireland.


18 Months, Singles
"Sweet Nothing" was released as the album's fifth single on 12 October 2012, featuring Florence Welch of English indie rock band Florence and the Machine. The song topped the charts in the UK and Ireland, becoming Harris and Welch's second collaborative number-one single, as well as the first UK chart-topper from 18 Months. It also debuted and peaked at number two in both Australia and New Zealand. In the US, the single peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Sweet Nothing" was nominated for Best Dance Recording at the 56th Grammy Awards in 2014.


18 Months, Singles
"Drinking from the Bottle" was released as the album's sixth official single on 27 January 2013, featuring English rapper Tinie Tempah. The song reached number five in the UK and number nine in Ireland.


18 Months, Singles
"I Need Your Love", which features English singer Ellie Goulding, was released on 12 April 2013 as the seventh single from the album. The track reached number four in the UK and number six in Ireland, while charting inside the top five in countries such as Australia, Austria, Finland and Sweden. When "I Need Your Love" reached the UK top five in April 2013, Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album (including "We Found Love"), overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson.


18 Months, Singles
"Thinking About You", featuring Ayah Marar, was released on 2 August 2013 as the album's eighth and final single. It reached number eight in the UK, number 11 in Ireland, number 28 in Australia and number 40 in New Zealand.


18 Months, Singles, Promotional singles
"Awooga" was released on 21 March 2011 through Harris's label Fly Eye Records. The accompanying music video consists of footage from his then-recent concerts in Australia.


18 Months, Singles, Promotional singles
Harris's collaboration with Nicky Romero, "Iron", was released on Beatport on 10 September 2012 by Protocol Recordings.


18 Months, Critical reception
18 Months received generally mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 57, based on 17 reviews. Fraser McAlpine of BBC Music hailed the album as a "collection almost exclusively in the key of triumph", as well as "a portfolio of win for Calvin, an annual report where the graph is almost all peaks and the troughs are so far down they're practically invisible."


18 Months, Critical reception
Arwa Haider of Metro commented that "18 Months could be a capsule collection of smash singles, yet it also works brilliantly as an album. That's partly because these are never faceless anthems; its singers [...] are well judged and rise to the songs, while the catchy hooks are lovingly arranged". AllMusic's Tim Sendra wrote that the album "shows Harris to be a solid producer with an easily identifiable sound."


18 Months, Critical reception
Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times noted that despite the variety of male collaborators, the album "only deepens the impression that Harris is best when linked with a lady; his skills in that area are several times more developed than they are anywhere else." The Independent's Andy Gill was unimpressed by Ellie Goulding's performance on "I Need Your Love", but complimented Welch on "Sweet Nothing", and cited Harris's collaboration with Nicky Romero on "Iron" as the album's "killer cut".


18 Months, Critical reception
Emily Mackay of NME opined that "[t]he best collaborations stand alone, but the rest demands small hours and sweat to animate it", stating the album "feels more like a deserved victory lap than a forward step or a new instalment, but apart from his sole vocal on 'Feel So Close', the victor seems oddly absent." Killian Fox of The Observer remarked, "Nothing else on 18 Months matches up to the blockbusting collaborations with Kelis, Florence Welch and Rihanna", concluding that "Harris's production has become increasingly homogenised and, despite the array of vocalists, everything here risks sounding the same."


18 Months, Critical reception
At Entertainment Weekly, Melissa Maerz complimented songs like "We Found Love" and "I Need Your Love", but found that the album does not offer "many surprises". Despite referring to Harris as a "brilliant pop craftsman", The A.V. Club's Chris DeVille felt that the album "suffers from EDM fatigue" and that "almost every track eventually congeals into the same automaton thud."


18 Months, Critical reception
Evan Sawdey of PopMatters critiqued that "while 18 Months [...] is pretty much the hit-making monster that launched [Harris] in to the world spotlight, the truth of the matter is that it feels like a rather compromised vision of who he is an artist, sacrificing his quirkiness for a brooding new persona that starts to get stale over the course of a complete full-length." The Guardian critic Rebecca Nicholson expressed that "Harris knows how to make the most of his guests, leading them through a series of euphoric bangers that seem destined for success. But for all the pop divas he has roped in, there's a veneer of cynical, laddy EDM, resulting in the kind of tracks Skrillex might come up with on an Ayia Napa booze cruise."


18 Months, Commercial performance
18 Months debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 52,356 copies, becoming Harris's second consecutive number-one album on the chart. The album fell to number four the following week, selling 34,734 copies. In its third week, it slipped to number nine with 24,689 units sold. In mid-January 2013, the album returned to number one for one week before slipping to number two. By July 2017, 18 Months had sold 923,861 copies in the United Kingdom.


18 Months, Commercial performance
In the United States, 18 Months sold 17,000 copies to debut at number 19 on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart, becoming Harris's first album to enter the former chart. As of March 2014, it had sold 173,000 copies in the US. 18 Months had also sold over 25 million singles worldwide as of August 2013.


18 Months, Certifications
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.


18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms
The 18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms in Tunisia, (French: Collectif du 18 Octobre) was formed when a number of political parties, NGOs and human rights activists advocating various political ideologies, among them Islamists, secularists and communists, came together to campaign against the dictatorship, political misconduct and human rights violations of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali’s regime in pre-revolutionary Tunisia.


18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms
As the head of the Tunisian Journalists Union (SNJT-French: ) and human rights activist Lutfi Hajji writes, the coalition “expressed the long- cherished hope of the political and civil forces in the country that by rallying around basic claims, a balance could be reached between the ruling party, which had dominated all aspects of political life for half a century, and the opposition forces which remained disparate and hindered by their internal and external disputes.”


18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms
The Coalition arose out of a protest, organised by opposition and human rights groups, against the hosting of the United Nations-sponsored World Summit on the Information Society by Tunisia, in November 2005. The sit-in involved a 52-day protest at the headquarters of the Tunisian Order of Lawyers in Tunis and a 32-day hunger strike by the following eight national personalities representing various political parties and civil organisations: Abderraouf Ayadi, Ahmed Najib Chebbi, Samir Dilou, Hamma Hammami, Mohamed Nouri, Ayachi Hammami, Mokhtar Yahyaoui and Lutfi Hajji. The strike began on 18 October 2005, one month before the World Summit on the Information Society, in order to draw attention to the violations of basic freedoms in Tunisia.


18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms
A forum was formed in which the opposition groups elaborated a shared vision for a democratic Tunisia. The Coalition produced joint position papers on fundamental issues such as consensus on democracy, civil liberties, gender equality, freedom of belief and conscience and the relationship between religion and state. The Coalition also laid the foundation for future common ground between Tunisia’s main political opposition forces, which served as a basis for cooperation after the Revolution.


18 Pages
18 Pages is an upcoming Indian Telugu-language film written by Sukumar and directed by Palnati Surya Pratap. Produced by GA2 Pictures and Sukumar Writings. The film stars Nikhil Siddharth and Anupama Parameswaran.


18 Pages, Production
The principal photography of the film began in October 2020 in Hyderabad.


18 Partsezd
18 Partsezd (Russian: 18 Партсъезд) is a rural locality (a village) in Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement of Omsky District, Russia. The population was 234 as of 2010.


18 Partsezd, Geography
18 Partsezd is located 40 km north of Rostovka (the district's administrative centre) by road.


18 Poems
18 Poems is a book of poetry written by the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, published in 1934 as the winner of a contest sponsored by Sunday Referee. His first book, 18 Poems, introduced Thomas's new and distinctive style of poetry. This was characterised by tightly metered, rhyming verse and an impassioned tone. Written in his "womb- tomb period", the poems explore dark themes of love, death and birth, employing a rich combination of sexual connotations and religious symbolism. The lyricism and intensity of the poems in the book contrasted with the emotional restraint shown in the poetry of the successful modernist poets that worked as his contemporaries. The book received critical acclaim, but was not initially commercially successful.


18 Poems
The poem, The force that through the green fuse drives the flower, is known as the poem that "made Thomas famous", and also appears in the book. The poems are considered by many to be evocative but difficult to understand. Critic and contemporary of Thomas, Geoffrey Grigson, said that, regarding the influence of prominent poets on Thomas, the young poet was “untainted with Eliot or with Auden . . . whose poems, though a bit unintelligible, sounded at least familiar in an old grandiloquent way.”


18 Poems
The poems in 18 poems are untitled and are often referred to by their first lines.


18 Presents
18 Presents (Italian: 18 regali) is a 2020 Italian drama film written and directed by Francesco Amato, with Vittoria Puccini, Benedetta Porcaroli and Edoardo Leo in lead roles. The film is based on an actual Italian woman, Elisa Girotto, who had planned and allocated 17 years of birthday gifts for her daughter Anna before her death in September 2017 due to a terminal breast cancer. Girotto had been diagnosed with cancer at the time that she gave birth to her daughter, in August 2016 at the age of 40. The film was released on 2 January 2020, and received positive reviews for its emotional screenplay. Elisa's husband Alessio Vincenzotto was also credited for his story about his wife. It was also streamed on Netflix on 8 May 2020, which was Mothers' Day in the United States.


18 Presents, Plot
A pregnant mother Elisa (Vittoria Puccini) gives birth to her baby daughter Anna (Benedetta Porcaroli) and attempts to be part of her life by allocating 18 sentimental emotional gifts for her unborn daughter, soon after realizing that she has breast cancer. Elisa does this during her remaining days, to allow Anna to receive her birthday gifts every year on her birthday until age 18. Elisa dies when her baby is just one year old and Anna gets to know about her mother's love and sacrifice after growing up and feels guilty.


18 Presents, Production
Principal photography commenced in 2019 and was produced jointly by Lucky Red, 3 Marys Entertainment and Rai Cinema. The film's trailer was released on 11 December 2019.


18 Presents, Reception
As of June 2020, the film holds a 60% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on five reviews with an average rating of 6.58 out of 10.


18 Presents, Reception
User-generated website "Bechdel Test" lists '18 Presents' as one of the 2020 women-oriented films.


18 Sagittarii
18 Sagittarii is a single star in zodiac constellation of Sagittarius, located around 550 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.58. This object is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −19 km/s.


18 Sagittarii
This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III, which indicates it has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. It has expanded to about 9 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 309 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,341. There is a much lower abundance of iron in the spectrum compared to the Sun.


18 Scorpii
18 Scorpii is a solitary star located at a distance of some 46.1 light-years (14.13 parsecs) from the Sun at the northern edge of the Scorpius constellation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.5, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye outside of urban areas. The star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +11.6.


18 Scorpii
18 Scorpii has some physical properties in common with the Sun, a G-type star. Cayrel de Strobel (1996) included it in her review of the stars most similar to the Sun, and Porto de Mello & da Silva (1997) identified it as a younger solar twin. Some scientists therefore believe the prospects for life in its vicinity are good. One candidate planet has been discovered orbiting this star.


18 Scorpii, Characteristics
18 Scorpii is a main sequence star of spectral and luminosity type G2 Va, with the luminosity class of 'V' indicating it is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core region. Sousa et al. (2008) found its metallicity to be about 1.1 times that of the Sun, which means the abundance of elements other than hydrogen or helium is 10% greater. The radius of this star, as measured using interferometry by Bazot et al. (2011), is 101% the radius of the Sun.


18 Scorpii, Characteristics
When combined with the results of asteroseismology measurements, this allows the mass of the star to be estimated as 102% of the Sun's mass. This star is radiating 106% of the Sun's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,433 K. It is this heat that gives the star the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star.


18 Scorpii, Characteristics
According to Lockwood (2002), it has a temporal photometric behavior very similar to the Sun. Its brightness variation over its entire activity cycle is 0.09%, about the same as the Sun's brightness variations during recent solar cycles. Using the technique of Zeeman-Doppler imaging, Petit et al. (2008) have detected its surface magnetic field, showing that its intensity and geometry are very similar to the large-scale solar magnetic field. The estimated period for the activity cycle of 18 Scorpii is about seven years, which is significantly shorter than the Sun's, and its overall chromospheric activity level is noticeably higher. Like the Sun, it has a hot corona with a temperature in the range of 1.5–2 MK and an X-ray luminosity of 8 ± 1.5 ergs s−1.


18 Scorpii, Characteristics
Though 18 Scorpii is only slightly more metal-rich overall than the Sun, its lithium abundance is about three times as high; for this reason, Meléndez & Ramírez (2007) have suggested that 18 Scorpii be called a "quasi solar twin", reserving the term solar twin for stars (such as HIP 56948) that match the Sun, within the observational errors, for all parameters.


18 Scorpii, Characteristics
18 Scorpii is a young star at 2.9 Gyr (2.9 Billion years old). 18 Scorpii has not yet entered its stable burning stage. The Sun at 4.7 Gyr is at its most stable stage. Due to 18 Scorpii age, it is at the edge of range for a solar twin, and is more of a Solar analog. 18 Scorpii was thought to be 5.0 billion years old in the past, new measurements in 2013 found 18 Scorpii to be younger at 2.9 billion years old.


18 Scorpii, Characteristics
18 Scorpii was identified in September 2003 by astrobiologist Margaret Turnbull from the University of Arizona in Tucson as one of the most promising nearby candidates for hosting life, based on her analysis of the HabCat list of stars. This is a solitary star, and does not display the level of excess infrared emission that would otherwise suggest the presence of unconsolidated circumstellar matter, such as a debris disk. In a paper published in April 2017, a candidate planet was found orbiting 18 Scorpii (HD 146233) with a period of 2,529 days (6.92 yr).


18 Shades of Gay
18 Shades of Gay is an art installation by Claude Cormier along Sainte-Catherine Street in Montreal's Gay Village, in Quebec, Canada.


18 Stafford Terrace
18 Stafford Terrace, formerly known as Linley Sambourne House, was the home of the Punch illustrator Edward Linley Sambourne (1844–1910) in Kensington, London. The house, now Grade II* listed, is currently open to the public as a museum.


18 Stafford Terrace
18 Stafford Terrace was an almost new townhouse when the Sambournes moved in, in 1875. It was Linley Sambourne who set about re-decorating the house in the Aesthetic style. Today the house is a fine example of middle-class Aestheticism; its influences can still be seen permeating throughout the house, from decorative Sunflower motifs in the stained glass windows to the fine selection of William Morris wallpapers that hang within the rooms through to the displayed collection of blue-and-white Chinese import porcelain.


18 Stafford Terrace, Legacy
Linley Sambourne died in 1910 but it was not until his wife Marion's death four years later that the house passed to their bachelor son Roy. Roy kept the house's interior largely unchanged until his own death in 1946. The house then passed to Roy's sister Maud Messel. Maud already had a large London residence therefore 18 Stafford remained mostly unoccupied and unchanged. In the years leading up to Maud's death in 1960, the house had become increasingly fascinating to her daughter Anne, Countess of Rosse. This fascination led to Anne proposing the foundation of the Victorian Society in 1957, and in turn the continued preservation of the house largely as it had been lived in by Linley.


18 Stafford Terrace, Legacy
Lady Rosse negotiated the sale of the house to the Greater London Council and the lease to the Victorian Society in 1980; the house was then opened to the public as a museum which included the furniture, art, and decorative schemes retained from its original inhabitants, Linley Sambourne and his household. Following the demise of the Greater London Council the ownership of the house transferred to the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in 1989. The Royal Borough continued to work with the Victorian Society until 2000, when the lease to the Victorian Society was not renewed.


18 Stafford Terrace, Sambourne family archive
The archive is made up of personal papers relating to Edward Linley Sambourne, members of his family and their home at 18 Stafford Terrace. Dating from 1815 to the present day it includes diaries, letters, legal and financial papers, photographs and ephemera which give insights into both Sambourne's professional and middle-class family life in the later Victorian/Edwardian period. The archive is held at Leighton House Museum.


18 Station Road, Barnes
18 Station Road, also known as Milbourne House, is a Grade II* listed house at Station Road, Barnes, London SW13, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It has an early 18th-century facade, and earlier features internally.


18 Station Road, Barnes
It was home to the novelist Henry Fielding in about 1750, for which there is a blue plaque on the facade. Field Marshal James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley moved there in 1770.


18 Steps
18 Steps is an EP by rock artist Trey Anastasio. It was released in 2006 on Rubber Jungle Records. It was included as a bonus with pre-orders of Bar 17 from his official website. The disc contains nine new songs, which are outtakes from Bar 17. Like the tracks on Bar 17, the tunes featured on 18 Steps were recorded over roughly a three-year period, from the spring of 2003 to the summer of 2006. 18 Steps can be found in select independent record stores, online auctions, and is still available for download via LivePhish.


18 Steps, Album Cover
David Steinberg (aka "Zzyzx") contributed the mathematical expression for the cover. He briefly explains it on Tom Marshall's podcast , and mentions it includes stirling numbers, phi, and the sum of a convergent series to form something like 17 + 2 - ... = 18 steps.


18 Steps, Track listing
All tracks are written by Trey Anastasio, except where noted.


18 Stone of Idiot
18 Stone of Idiot is a British television programme broadcast on Channel 4 in 2005 designed as a vehicle for Johnny Vegas and produced by Chris Evans.


18 Stone of Idiot
The first show was broadcast on 27 May 2005 and a further five episodes were broadcast weekly thereafter. Vegas' stated intention was to make a programme "so ridiculous that there was no way they'd recommission it."


18 Stone of Idiot
Each show had one primary guest whom Vegas interviewed, and who were further involved in various stunts and skits.


18 Stone of Idiot, Guest list
An appearance was made by former MP Neil Hamilton who danced in a perspex box whilst buckets of fish were poured over his head.


18 Stone of Idiot, DVD release
On 31 October 2005 a DVD of the series (entitled Johnny Vegas - 18 Stone of Idiot - Unseen & Uncut) was released.


18 Stone of Idiot, DVD release
The show was edited down to a 78-minute compilation and accompanied by 169 minutes of extras, which comprises a full-length commentary by Vegas, writer Tony Pitts and series producer Gareth Collett; a 36-minute compilation of Celebrity Lock-In footage (the segment was not included in the main programme compilation); 18 minutes of outtakes; a 5-minute compilation of footage of the Angry Baboon character (again, these interludes were not included in the main compilation); and an extended 32-minute version of the My Favourite Things segment which saw Vegas appear on Challenge's Celebrity Poker Club.


18 Tauri
18 Tauri is a single star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus, located 444 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.66. The star is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +4.8. It is a member of the Pleiades open cluster, which is positioned near the ecliptic and thus is subject to lunar occultations.


18 Tauri
This is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B8 V, and is about halfway through its main sequence lifetime. It displays an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of an orbiting debris disk with a black body temperature of 75 K at a separation of 137.8 AU from the host star. The star has 3.34 times the mass of the Sun and 2.89 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 160 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 13,748 K. 18 Tauri has a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 212 km/s.


18 Tracks
18 Tracks is an album by Bruce Springsteen, released in 1999. All but three selections had been on the boxed set Tracks, released six months before. This single album was intended to capture more casual fans, and thus was oriented towards the shorter, more pop-oriented selections from Springsteen's vault.


18 Tracks
"The Promise", a Darkness on the Edge of Town outtake that gained considerable reputation as Springsteen's ultimate tale of betrayal following live performances beginning in 1976 and even more so in 1978, was included in a newly recorded version among the three new numbers after howls of outrage from the faithful for leaving it off Tracks. "The Fever" had been recorded in 1973 but never seriously considered for inclusion on an album; instead, it became familiar to progressive rock radio listeners as manager Mike Appel released it to such stations in 1974 and it became an underground hit. It was also recorded by Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes. Obscure early-1990s Human Touch outtake "Trouble River" was the third previously unreleased cut exclusive to this compilation.


18 Tracks
When Springsteen appeared on The Charlie Rose Show in November 1998 to promote Tracks, Charlie Rose asked him specifically about excluding "The Promise" and "The Fever." Springsteen responded that he was never happy about the way "The Promise" had been recorded and that "The Fever" was never one of his favorite songs. Though he would acquiesce and release both songs on 18 Tracks to appease his fans, he re-recorded "The Promise" rather than include any of the rejected outtakes he had in his archives.


18 Tracks
Though it had been recorded with the full E Street Band during the original sessions for Darkness on the Edge of Town, Springsteen returned to the solo piano arrangement that had been typically used for its earliest live performances, including its debut at Monmouth Arts Centre in Red Bank, NJ on August 3, 1976. Jacob Nierenberg of Consequence of Sound would later write that "this stripped-down version [from 18 Tracks] is even better than the original [studio outtake]."


18 Tracks
The new recording of "The Promise" would be nominated in 2000 for two Grammy Awards: Best Rock Song and Best Male Rock Vocal Performance.


18 Tracks
Commercial goals for the album were not met, as it only reached No. 64 on the Billboard 200 album chart and became his first album not to receive a RIAA certification. It did modestly better on the UK charts.


18 Ursae Majoris
18 Ursae Majoris, or e Ursae Majoris, is a single star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.832. The annual parallax shift measured from Earth's orbit is 27.90 mas, which provides a distance estimate of 117 light years. It is moving closer to the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of −16 km/s, and is an unbound and older member of the Ursa Major Moving Group.


18 Ursae Majoris
The stellar classification assigned to this star is A6 V, which indicates it is an A-type main-sequence star that is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. The star's variability was first noticed by American astronomer Frank Schlesinger in 1914 and it has been given the variable star designation DD UMa. This is a low amplitude Delta Scuti variable with a magnitude change of around 0.4 and pulsation cycles of 9.4 and 15.0 cycles per day. It is rotating rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of about 158 km/s. This is giving the star an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge that is an estimated 6% larger than the polar radius.


18 Ursae Majoris
18 UMA is about a billion years old with 1.72 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating around 13 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 7,450 K.


18 Ursae Majoris, Naming
With τ, h, υ, φ, θ and f, it composed the Arabic asterism Sarīr Banāt al-Na'sh, the Throne of the daughters of Na'sh, and Al-Haud, the Pond. According to the catalogue of stars in the Technical Memorandum 33-507 - A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars, Al-Haud were the title for seven stars : f as Alhaud I, τ as Alhaud II, this star (e) as Alhaud III, h as Alhaud IV, θ as Alhaud V, υ as Alhaud VI and φ as Alhaud VII .


18 Vayasu
18 Vayasu (English: 18 years old) is a 2012 Indian Tamil psychological thriller film written and directed by R. Panneerselvam starring the actor known as Johnny, Gayathrie plays the female lead role. The music is by Charles Bosco. The film is dubbed in Hindi as Anokha Jaanwar (English: Strange animal).


18 Vayasu, Synopsis
Karthik, a mentally unstable man, has never received love and affection from anyone. Due to his illness, whenever he is depressed, he starts behaving like an animal that he sights first.


18 Vayasu, Plot
The movie is about Karthik (Johnny Chakravarthy) who develops psychological disorder after seeing his father committing suicide. He displays the characteristics of any animal he comes across, when he is anxious. As he grows up, he meets Gayathri (Gayathrie), an orphan. Gayathri is harassed by her caretaker. Johnny is ill-treated by his mother (Yuvarani). Also her life with her paramour affects him a lot. It is all set for Johnny and Gayathri to get married. One devastating day, Johnny kills his mother. Gayathri gets shocked and she decides to fly from her lover, who runs away from the hands of law. Enters Dr. Suchitra (Rohini) Whether Johnny succeeds in winning back Gayathri's love is what the film is all about.


18 Vayasu, Critical reception
Vivek Ramz of in.com wrote "Even though Director Paneer Selvam has a new premise, he lets it go loose with lot of loopholes in the script. He has tried to make the offbeat theme into a mainstream one and failed miserably in doing the same." Rohit Ramachandran of Nowrunning.com said of the film "18 Vayasu, just like its protagonist, is on the brink of falling apart." K.R. Manigandan of The Hindu claimed that the film misses its mark.


18 Vayasu Puyale
18 Vayasu Puyale (English: 18 years Storm) is a 2007 Tamil romance film directed by M. Vijay. The film features newcomer Ajay Pradeep and Preethi Varma in lead roles, with Rajesh, Nalini, Fathima Babu, Thanalakshmi, Babu, Venniradai Moorthy, Lollu Sabha Balaji, Pandu, Srilatha, and Scissor Manohar playing supporting roles. The film was produced by M. S. Tamilarasan and M. Illias. It had musical score by Leo, cinematography by Rajarajan, and editing by P. Sai Suresh. The film was released on 14 September 2007.


18 Vayasu Puyale, Plot
The storyline revolves around Surya (Ajay Pradeep), a college dropout and good-for-nothing guy. Surya is from a middle-class family and lives with his father Ramakrishnan (Rajesh), mother Seetha (Fathima Babu), and little sister Divya (Thanalakshmi). Ramakrishnan advised Surya to be more responsible and find a job as quickly as possible. Surya, with a certificate on hand, decides to look for a job. One day, at a pedestrian crossing, Surya falls in love at first sight with a girl named Pooja (Preethi Varma).


18 Vayasu Puyale, Plot
Surya starts hanging out with his friends in his lover's college. Surya tries to impress Pooja by acting like a hero and offering her gifts, but she refuses to accept his love. Pooja tells him that she does not believe in love marriage. Surya, with his parents, arranged a meeting at the groom’s house, where he made a marriage proposal to Pooja. Pooja and her family agree to an arranged marriage. Surya and Pooja eventually get married.


18 Vayasu Puyale, Plot
All of these events turn out to be Surya's imagination. At the pedestrian crossing, Surya is immersed in his dreams and gets hit by a car, so Gayathri (Preethi Varma) takes the seriously wounded Surya to the nearby hospital, and he is saved by the doctors. Afterwards, Surya starts the quest to find his lover Gayathri. Gayathri lives with her aunt Vasantha (Nalini), a ruthless loan shark who wants all of her wealth, and her psychopath cousin Gaja (Babu), who wants to marry her. After the death of her parents, Gayathri found herself alone and became depressed.


18 Vayasu Puyale, Plot
She needed the love of a person, so she runs away from her aunt's house. Thereafter, she tries to commit suicide by jumping off a cliff, but Surya, who passed through, saves her. Surya then reveals that he is crazy about her and wants to marry her. First completely disoriented, Gayathri finally accepts his proposal. Mad with rage, Vasantha and Gaja are looking for Gayathri. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.


18 Vayasu Puyale, Production
The film director M. Vijay claimed that, "the screenplay of his movie was set in a novel and different fashion" and added, "This kind of screenplay may strike a note of similarity with Virumaandi where the first half and the second half of the film were two different interpretations of the same incidents". He stated that, "the film will have all the commercial elements like dappan koothu, comedy, etc". Newcomer Leo had scored music for the film. The story of the film is about 18-year-olds who let their imagination run riot. The scenes which happened in Preethi Varma's real life were reflected in this film. However, the thing was that all of these scenes were shot much earlier than her real life elopement episode.


18 Vayasu Puyale, Soundtrack
The film score and the soundtrack were composed by film composer Leo. The soundtrack, released on 23 April 2007, features 5 tracks with lyrics written by Snehan, Balaji, and R. P. Ilayaraaja.


18 Victoria Grove
18 Victoria Grove, also known as Albert Lodge, is a Grade II listed house in Victoria Grove, Kensington, London W8, built in the early 19th century.


18 Victoria Grove
The land locally was bought by John Inderwick (1785–1867) in 1836, "variously described as optician or ivory turner, and latterly as an importer of meerschaum pipes and snuff boxes", who became a successful speculative developer, and the architect was probably Joel Bray.


18 Victoria Grove
In 1838, the house was leased to George Hinton, who built the houses to the north in Canning Place.


18 Vulpeculae
18 Vulpeculae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Vulpecula, located about 489 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white-hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.51. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −11.7 km/s.


18 Vulpeculae
This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 9.3 days and a small eccentricity of 0.0116. It is a detached binary with a semimajor axis of 0.14742 ± 0.00047 AU. The system contains a Delta Scuti variable, but the temperature places it to the blue (hotter) side of the δ Scuti instability strip. The combined stellar classification of this system remains unclear, with classes of A3 III, A1 IV, A3 V, and A2 IV being given. The ultraviolet spectrum matches an A3 dwarf star. It shows no spectral peculiarities.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period
18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period (隋唐十八条好汉) are 18 legendary and fictional heroes living in Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty. The concept of 18 Warriors was first mentioned in the traditional historical novel Shuo Tang. The ranking of those 18 warriors was based on their skills in martial arts as well as their physical strength. Some of them somehow have historical archetypes such as Qin Shubao and Shan Xiongxin while others are created by authors of folk stories such as Luo Cheng and Yuwen Chengdu.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, The ranking
The ranking itself is disputed, largely because the novel Shuo Tang only defined 13 out of all 18 warriors. Those 13 defined by the book Shuo Tang were generally accepted:


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, The ranking
However, who would fit in the rest 5 seats in this list are disputed. According to stories in the book, there are several possible figures, including Yuchi Gong (尉迟恭), Wang Bodang (王伯当), Cheng Yaojin (程咬金), Hua Gongyi (华功义), Liang Shitai (梁师泰), Han Qinhu (韩擒虎), Ma Shumou (麻叔谋), Cao Yanping (曹延平), etc. Also, some coeval (Sui and early Tang) individuals from history or other fictions are also potential candidates for this list, including Zuo Tiancheng (左天成), Lai Hu'er (来护儿), Luo Shixin(罗士信), Hou Junji (侯君集), Wang Junke (王君可), Wang Bo (王薄), Lu Mingyue (卢明月), etc.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, The ranking
The most popular version of the full list chooses Cao Yanping, Lai Hu'er, Liang Shitai and Zuo Tiancheng to be the No. 12 ~ 15 warriors and regards Yuchi Gong as the 17th.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Li Yuanba, In the novel
In the Shuo Tang, Li Yuanba (李元霸) is definitely the most powerful and skillful warrior in his time. He is the fourth son of Li Yuan(李渊), the founder of Tang Dynasty. He has a superb physical strength, which can be illustrated by his weapons: a pair of golden hammers with the weight of 400 jin(236.1 kg) each. With his help, Li Yuan not only defeated Turks, but also easily occupied the capital city Chang'an after his rebellion. However, Li Yuanba is not smart, sometimes even stupid.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Li Yuanba, In the novel
His teacher told him never to kill anyone using a Golden-Tang (a spades-like weapon) during a battle. However, Li Yuanba killed Wu Tianxi and Yuwen Chengdu, both of whom used Golden-Tangs, in two separate battles. After killing Yuwen Chengdu, Li Yuanba was trapped in a thunder storm. He was annoyed by the lightning and thunders, so he threw up his heavy hammers to beat the sky. When the hammer fell back to the ground, Li Yuanba was hit. He died under his own weapon.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Li Yuanba, Archetype
There are two archetypes of Li Yuanba. The first one is Li Xuanba (李玄霸), the third son of Li Yuan in the real history, who died young. Li Yuanba's name and social identity are derived from Li Xuanba. Another one is Li Daoxuan (李道玄), who was a famous royal-family general of the early Tang Dynasty. There are many similarities between Li Yuanba in the novel and Li Daoxuan in the history: great skills of martial arts, great generals, royal-family members, died at a young age, etc.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Yuwen Chengdu, In the novel
In the Novel, Yuwen Chengdu (宇文成都) is the elder son of Yuwen Huaji(宇文化及), a politically powerful man in Sui Dynasty. Before Li Yuanba became known, Yuwen Chengdu was regarded as the strongest warrior in Sui Dynasty. His weapon, as mentioned above, is a golden Tang, with a weight of 200 kg. He was so strong that normal opponents would flee away after hearing his name. In the battle of Siming Mountain, Yuwen Chengdu, alone, fought against the allies of Wu Yunzhao, Wu Tianxi and Xiong Kuohai, for a whole day, and eventually defeated the allies. He was generally regarded as a hero, but he was negatively influenced by his family, especially his father Yuwen Huaji, who killed Yang Guang, the emperor of Sui Dynasty, in a military rebellion. Yuwen Chengdu was killed by Li Yuanba during the battle of Lintong Pass after the military rebellion.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Yuwen Chengdu, Archetype
Yuwen Chengdu is based on Yuwen Chengji (宇文承基), the son of Yuwen Huaji in real history. However, in the real history, Yuwen Chengji would just be a nobody without his father. After the military rebellion, Yuwen Chengji was killed by Dou Jiande (窦建德) along with his father Yuwen Huaji, uncle Yuwen Zhiji (宇文智及), and younger brother Yuwen Chengzhi (宇文承趾),the archetype of Yuwen Chenglong (宇文成龙) in the novel. The only survivor of his family, Yuwen Shiji (宇文士及), eventually became a top officer in Tang Dynasty.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Pei Yuanqing, In the novel
Pei Yuanqing (裴元庆) is the third strongest warrior in that period. Before Li Yuanba became known to all, Pei Yuanqing was the only one who could challenge Yuwen Chengdu. He was the third son of Pei Renji (裴仁基), the general of the troop stationed in Shanma Pass. Similar to Li Yuanba, Pei Yuanqing became famous in a young age and was known for his physical strength. His weapons are a pair of silver hammers with the weight of 150 kg each. He and his father and brothers were ordered to attack the rebellion army in Wagang Fort(瓦岗).


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Pei Yuanqing, In the novel
Pei Yuanqing easily defeated tens of Wagong Warriors, including some famous ones in this list such as Qin Shubao and Shan Xiongxin (see below). However, later he and his family were framed by another general. Without any choices, Pei's family surrendered to Wagang Fort. Pei Yuanqing was killed by a fire attack during the battle of Linyang Pass.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Pei Yuanqing, Archetype
Pei Yuanqing is derived from the historical figure of Pei Xingyan (裴行俨), who, similar to Pei Yuanqing in the noval, was a young general in Sui Dynasty. The real history of Pei Xingyan and his father Pei Renji was similar to the story in Shuo Tang. The father and son were famous generals at that time. They were ordered to attack Wagang Fort, but they failed and then surrendered to the rebellion army. Later, Pei Xingyan became one of the four major cavalry officers in Wagang Fort.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Pei Yuanqing, Archetype
After the rebellion of Wagang Fort eventually ended with internal conflicts, Pei, along with Cheng Yaojin and Qin Shubao (See Below), joined another rebellion army led by warlord Wang Shichong (王世充). However, they soon realized that Wang Shichong was not a good leader. Cheng and Qin left for Li Yuan’s army but Pei and his father failed to escape. Later, Wang Shichong sentenced them to death.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Xiong Kuohai and Wu Brothers
Xiong Kuohai, Wu Yunzhao and Wu Tianxi are three totally fictional warriors in the novel of Shuo Tang. Generally, Xiong Kuohai and Wu Tianxi do not have archetypes in real history. Wu Yunzhao's archetype is argued.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Xiong Kuohai and Wu Brothers, Xiong Kuohai
Xiong Kuohai (雄阔海) was a famous brigand in Taihang Mountain area. There were two types of his stories. One version said that he liked to use a pair of axes while another version mentioned that his weapon was a heavy iron stick. Although, as a brigand, he ran his illegal business in the mountains, he was willing to help poor and homeless people near the camp of his brigand troop. He met the general Wu Yunzhao in Taihang Mountain and was persuaded to join the government troop to fight for the country.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Xiong Kuohai and Wu Brothers, Xiong Kuohai
However, several months after that, Wu Yunzhao rebelled for his family (see below). As a result, Xiong Kuohai did not have a way to join the official military. Later, in Xiangzhou (相州), the cruel general Ma Shumou was stealing kids because he liked to eat young children. The governor of Xiangzhou, Gao Tansheng (高谈圣 in the book, or 高檀晟 in real history), was annoyed by this heartless behavior of the general from central military department of the country. Gao Tansheng found Ma Shumou and argued about this, but Ma sent Gao into the jail.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Xiong Kuohai and Wu Brothers, Xiong Kuohai
Knowing about this, Xiong Kuohai got angry. He led his brigand troop to Xiangzhou and killed Ma Shumou. Then, he persuaded Gao Tansheng to upspring. After that, more and more upspring and rebellions happened all over the country due to the cruel rule of the emperor, corruption of local governments, and the endless war against Goguryeo Koreans and Turks. When the emperor Yang Guang was travelling to Jiangdu (江都), 18 major rebellion forces got together in Siming Mountain, a mountain located just on the emperor's way to Jiangdu, trying to overthrow the emperor and his dynasty.


18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period, Characters, Xiong Kuohai and Wu Brothers, Xiong Kuohai
There, Xiong Kuohai, along with Wu Yunzhao and Wu Tianxi, fought against Yuwen Chengdu for a whole day. With the help of Pei Yuanqing, they nearly defeated the emperor's military force. However, after Li Yuanba came to help the emperor (that was before Li's family's rebellion), they failed to kill the cruel emperor Yang Guang. Years later, the central government wanted to put down all rebellions at ones. The emperor Yang Guang asked Yang Lin to set a martial arts test in Yangzhou (扬州) to attract heroes and warriors to that city.