1800 Tequila, Packaging, Essential Artist Series
In 2008, 1800 Tequila released a special limited-edition Essential Artist Series, with 12 unique bottle designs. A second series was released in 2009 with one "celebrity artist" bottle created by Shepard Fairey's firm Studio Number One, plus 11 new designs picked from 15,000 online submissions from across the United States, including a $10,000 grand prize winner. Other series bottle designers include artists Gary Baseman, Yuko Shimizu and Tara McPherson. As of 2013, 1800 is on its fifth annual Essential Artists series. Each year, 1,800 of each Essential Artists bottle are produced.


1800 Tequila, Marketing, Celebrity endorsements
In October 2013, 1800 launched a new international advertising campaign featuring actor Ray Liotta in four commercials, directed by Anthony Mandler. Each of the moody spots are free of dialogue (with the exception of several where Liotta orders the tequila, with the only piece of dialogue being "1800"), were filmed in Buenos Aires and show Liotta traveling to get to a glass of 1800 Tequila. A previous 1800 campaign from 2011 featured actor Michael Imperioli in eight different commercials with a straightforward approach coveting the values of an older generation; and in 2009, rapper Rick Ross and his crew, the Triple C's, became brand ambassadors by publicly endorsing Select Silver.


1800 Tequila, Marketing, Sponsorships
1800 Silver has two sponsorships with two NBA teams, signing marketing agreements with the Los Angeles Lakers in 2009 (becoming the first spirits brand to sponsor the Lakers), and with the New York Knicks the following year. The agreements with both teams include ad placement at their respective stadiums, the Staples Center and Madison Square Garden, on the teams' websites, and various promotional activities throughout the NBA season.


1800 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut
Note: Between the two sources used, there is disagreement over the ordering of the candidates. Both sources have the same numbers of votes recorded, but disagree on which candidates received those votes, one source lists Goddard as 8th, Talmadge as 9th, etc., as listed here, while the other has them as 11th, 12th, etc., three places off for all of them until the bottom three listed here which are moved up to 8th-10th, suggesting that one of the two sources accidentally misplaced three names on the list. They are ordered here as Goddard and Talmadge in 8th and 9th place as it is more likely that they'd been at the top of the runners-up given that they were subsequently elected to fill vacancies in the 7th Congress.


1800 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
The Delaware United States House election for 1800 was held on October 7, 1800. The incumbent Representative and House Minority Leader James A. Bayard Sr. won reelection and defeated the former Representative John Patten, who would die later that year.


1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire
Of the 4 New Hampshire incumbents, only one was re-elected.


1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
Of the 5 New Jersey incumbents, only one was re-elected.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 29 to May 1, 1800, to elect ten U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 7th United States Congress.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
Ten U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1798 to a term in the 6th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1797. Jonathan N. Havens had died in October 1799, and John Smith was elected to fill the vacancy. Their term would end on March 3, 1801. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1801, and about a year and a half before Congress actually met on December 7, 1801.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
On March 27, 1797, the New York State Legislature had re-apportioned the congressional districts. The districts remained the same as at the previous election in April 1798, but two new counties were created in 1799: in the 7th D., Essex Co. was split from Clinton Co.; and in the 10th D., Cayuga Co. was split from Onondaga Co.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
6 Democratic-Republicans and 4 Federalists were elected. The incumbents Smith, Van Cortlandt, Elmendorf and Bird were re-elected.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
Note: The Anti- Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special elections
Dem.-Rep. Thomas Tillotson, who had been elected in the 5th D., was appointed Secretary of State of New York on August 10, 1801, and resigned his seat before Congress met.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special elections
Fed. John Bird, who had been re-elected in the 6th D. to a second term, resigned his seat on July 25, 1801, before Congress met.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special elections
Special elections to fill the vacancies were held in October 1801, and were won by Theodorus Bailey and John P. Van Ness, both Dem.-Rep. Thus New York was represented by 7 Democratic-Republicans and 3 Federalists in the House of the 7th Congress.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special elections
The House of Representatives of the 7th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on December 7, 1801, and all ten representatives from New York took their seats on this day.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special elections
John P. Van Ness was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson as a major in the militia of the Territory of Columbia and on January 17, 1803, his seat was declared vacant.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Pennsylvania for the 7th Congress were held October 14, 1800.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Background
Thirteen Representatives (8 Democratic-Republicans and 7 Federalists) had been elected in the previous election


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Pennsylvania was divided into 12 districts, one of which (the 4th) was a plural district, with 2 Representatives. This was the last election which used these districts.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
The counties that made up the 5th district did not border each other. That district was therefore made up of two separate pieces rather than being a single contiguous entity


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Note: Many of these counties covered much larger areas than they do today, having since been divided into smaller counties


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Election results
Nine incumbents (8 Democratic-Republicans and 1 Federalist) ran for re-election, all of whom won re-election. The incumbents Robert Waln (F) of the 1st district, Richard Thomas (F) of the 3rd district, John W. Kittera (F) of the 7th district and Thomas Hartley (F) of the 8th district did not run for re-election. Ten Democratic-Republicans and three Federalists were elected, a net gain of 2 seats for the Democratic-Republicans.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Special elections
There were three special elections following the October elections, one of which was for the outgoing Congress.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Special elections
In the 4th district, Peter Muhlenberg (DR) was elected to the Senate on November 27, 1800, while in the 12th district, Albert Gallatin (DR) was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in May, 1801. Neither served in the 7th Congress, and special elections were held in both districts on October 13, 1801


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
Of the 6 South Carolina incumbents, only 3 were re-elected.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
South Carolina switched to a general ticket for its two seats, instead of electing each one separately. Only one candidate received a majority in the 1800 election, requiring an 1801 run-off election to choose a Representative for the second seat.


1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
Vermont law required a candidate to win a majority to take office, necessitating a run-off election in the 2nd (Eastern) district.


1800 United States Senate special elections in New York
In 1800, there were two special elections for the U.S. Senate from New York:


1800 United States census
The United States census of 1800 was the second census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800.


1800 United States census
It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were enslaved. The 1800 census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following states were lost: Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia.


1800 United States census, Census questions
The 1800 census asks the following information in columns, left to right:


1800 United States census, Census questions
This census is one of the several for which some of the original data are no longer available. Original census returns for Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia were lost over the years.


1800 United States census, Data availability
No microdata from the 1800 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.


1800 United States census, State and regional populations
^ a: At the time of the 1800 census, the territory donated to form the District of Columbia was still being administered by the states of Maryland and Virginia. The state of Maryland included the population of the District under its control within its own return. The population of the District of Columbia within Maryland was 8,144 persons, including 5,672 whites, 400 free blacks, and 2,472 enslaved persons.


1800 United States census, State and regional populations
^ b: Persons 766 added to the particular items of this return.


1800 United States census, State and regional populations
^ c: This return has been received since the communication of the above Aggregate to Congress.


1800 United States census, State and regional populations
^ d: This return has also been since received, and is stated by the Marshal to be more correct than the first.


1800 United States elections
The 1800 United States elections elected the members of the 7th United States Congress. The election took place during the First Party System, and is generally considered the first realigning election in American history. Perhaps most significantly, this election was the first peaceful transfer of power between parties in American history. The Democratic-Republican Party won control of the Presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time. Conversely, the Federalist Party would never again control the Presidency or either house of Congress. Ohio was admitted as a state during the 7th Congress.


1800 United States elections
In the Presidential election, Democratic-Republican Vice President Thomas Jefferson became the first Democratic-Republican President, narrowly defeating incumbent Federalist President John Adams. Jefferson again won the South and Adams again won New England, but Jefferson won by adding New York and Maryland. Jefferson tied his own running mate, former Senator Aaron Burr of New York, in electoral votes, necessitating a contingent election in the House that Jefferson won. Burr, as the runner-up, was elected vice president. The contingent election led to the passage of the 12th Amendment, which altered the electoral college so that electors in all future elections cast an electoral vote for president and a separate electoral vote for vice president.


1800 United States elections
In the House, Democratic-Republicans won major gains, taking control of the chamber.


1800 United States elections
In the Senate, Democratic-Republicans picked up several seats, taking control of the chamber for the first time in the party's history.


1800 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1800, in 11 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election.


1800 United States gubernatorial elections
Six governors were elected by popular vote and five were elected by state legislatures.


1800 United States presidential election
The 1800 United States presidential election was the fourth quadrennial presidential election. It was held from October 31 to December 3, 1800. In what is sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800", Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated incumbent President John Adams of the Federalist Party. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.


1800 United States presidential election
Adams had narrowly defeated Jefferson in the 1796 election. Under the rules of the electoral system in place before the 1804 ratification of the 12th Amendment, each member of the Electoral College cast two votes, with no distinction made between electoral votes for president and electoral votes for vice president. As Jefferson received the second-most votes in 1796, he was elected vice president. In 1800, unlike in 1796, both parties formally nominated tickets. The Democratic-Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Jefferson and Aaron Burr, while the Federalists nominated a ticket consisting of Adams and Charles C. Pinckney. Each party formed a plan by which one of their respective electors would vote for a third candidate or abstain so that its preferred presidential candidate (Adams for the Federalists and Jefferson for the Democratic-Republicans) would win one more vote than the party's other nominee.


1800 United States presidential election
The chief political issues revolved around the fallout from the French Revolution and the Quasi-War. The Federalists favored a strong central government and close relations with Great Britain. The Democratic-Republicans favored decentralization to the state governments, and the party attacked the taxes the Federalists imposed. The Democratic-Republicans also denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts, which the Federalists had passed to make it harder for immigrants to become citizens and to restrict statements critical of the federal government.


1800 United States presidential election
The Democratic-Republicans were well organized at the state and local levels, but the Federalists were disorganized and suffered a bitter split between their two major leaders, Adams and Alexander Hamilton. According to historian John Ferling, the jockeying for electoral votes, regional divisions, and the propaganda smear campaigns created by both parties made the election recognizably modern.


1800 United States presidential election
At the end of a long and bitter campaign, Jefferson and Burr each won 73 electoral votes, Adams won 65, and Pinckney won 64. The Federalists swept New England, the Democratic-Republicans dominated the South, and the parties split the Mid-Atlantic states of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.


1800 United States presidential election
The Democratic-Republicans' failure to execute their plan to award Jefferson one more vote than Burr resulted in a tie, which necessitated a contingent election in the House of Representatives. Under the terms laid out in the Constitution, the outgoing House of Representatives chose between Jefferson and Burr. Burr was accused of campaigning for the presidency himself in the contingent election despite being a member of Jefferson's party. Each state delegation cast one vote, and a victory in the contingent election required one candidate to win a majority of the state delegations.


1800 United States presidential election
Neither Burr nor Jefferson was able to win on the first 35 ballots of the contingent election, as most Federalist representatives backed Burr and all Democratic-Republican representatives backed Jefferson. Hamilton favored Jefferson over Burr, and he convinced several Federalists to switch their support to Jefferson, giving Jefferson a victory on the 36th ballot. Jefferson became the second incumbent vice president to be elected president.


1800 United States presidential election, Candidates
Both parties used congressional nominating caucuses to formally nominate tickets for the first time. The Federalists nominated a ticket consisting of incumbent President John Adams of Massachusetts and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina. Pinckney had fought in the American Revolutionary War and later served as the minister to France. The Democratic-Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Vice President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and former Senator Aaron Burr of New York. Jefferson had been the runner-up in the previous election and had co-founded the party with James Madison and others, while Burr was popular in the electorally important state of New York.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
While the 1800 election was a re-match of the 1796 election, it ushered in a new type of American politics, a two-party republic and acrimonious campaigning behind the scenes and through the press. On top of this, the election pitted the "larger than life" Adams and Jefferson, who were formerly close allies turned political enemies.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
The campaign was bitter and characterized by slander and personal attacks on both sides. Federalists spread rumors that the Democratic-Republicans were radical atheists who would ruin the country (based on the Democratic-Republican support for the French Revolution). In 1798, George Washington had complained "that you could as soon scrub the blackamoor white, as to change the principles of a professed Democrat; and that he will leave nothing unattempted to overturn the Government of this Country".


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
Meanwhile, the Democratic-Republicans accused Federalists of subverting republican principles with the Alien and Sedition Acts, some of which were later declared unconstitutional after their expiration by the Supreme Court, and relying for their support on foreign immigrants; they also accused Federalists of favoring Britain and the other coalition countries in their war with France in order to promote aristocratic, anti-democratic values.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
Adams was attacked by both the opposition Democratic-Republicans and a group of so-called "High Federalists" aligned with Alexander Hamilton. The Democratic-Republicans felt that the Adams foreign policy was too favorable toward Britain; feared that the new army called up for the Quasi-War would oppress the people; opposed new taxes to pay for war; and attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as violations of states' rights and the Constitution. "High Federalists" considered Adams too moderate and would have preferred the leadership of Alexander Hamilton instead.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
Hamilton had apparently grown impatient with Adams and wanted a new president who was more receptive to his goals. During Washington's presidency, Hamilton had been able to influence the federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion (which threatened the government's power to tax citizens). When Washington announced that he would not seek a third term, Adams was widely recognized by the Federalists as next-in-line.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
Hamilton appears to have hoped in 1796 that his influence within an Adams administration would be as great as or greater than in Washington's. By 1800, Hamilton had come to realize that Adams was too independent and thought the Federalist vice presidential candidate, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, more suited to serving Hamilton's interests. In his third sabotage attempt toward Adams, Hamilton quietly schemed to elect Pinckney to the presidency. Given Pinckney's lack of political experience, he would have been expected to be open to Hamilton's influence.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
However, Hamilton's plan backfired and hurt the Federalist party, particularly after one of his letters, a scathing criticism of Adams that was fifty-four pages long, fell into the hands of a Democratic-Republican and soon after became public. It embarrassed Adams and damaged Hamilton's efforts on behalf of Pinckney, not to mention speeding Hamilton's own political decline.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign
The contemporarily unorthodox public campaigning methods employed in 1800 were first employed by Jefferson's running mate and campaign manager, Aaron Burr, who is credited by some historians with inventing the modern electioneering process.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign, Selection method changes
Partisans on both sides sought any advantage they could find. In several states, this included changing the process of selecting electors to ensure the desired result. In Georgia, Democratic-Republican legislators replaced the popular vote with selection by the state legislature. Federalist legislators did the same in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. This may have had some unintended consequences in Massachusetts, where the makeup of the delegation to the House of Representatives changed from 12 Federalists and 2 Democratic-Republicans to 8 Federalists and 6 Democratic-Republicans, perhaps the result of backlash on the part of the electorate. Pennsylvania also switched to legislative choice, but this resulted in an almost evenly split set of electors. Virginia switched from electoral districts to winner-take-all, a move that probably switched one or two votes out of the Federalist column.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Voting
Because each state could choose its own election day in 1800, voting lasted from April to October. In April, Burr's mobilization of the vote in New York City succeeded in reversing the Federalist majority in the state legislature to provide decisive support for the Democratic-Republican ticket. With the two parties tied 63–63 in the Electoral College in the autumn of 1800, the last state to vote, South Carolina, chose eight Democratic-Republicans to award the election to Jefferson and Burr.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Voting
Under the United States Constitution as it then stood, each elector cast two votes, and the candidate with a majority of the votes was elected president, with the vice presidency going to the runner-up. The Federalists therefore arranged for one of their electors to vote for John Jay rather than for Pinckney. The Democratic-Republicans had a similar plan to have one of their electors cast a vote for another candidate instead of Burr but failed to execute it, thus all of the Democratic-Republican electors cast their votes for both Jefferson and Burr, 73 in all for each of them.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Voting
According to a provision of the United States Constitution, a tie in a case of this type had to be resolved by the House of Representatives, with each state casting one vote. Although the congressional election of 1800 turned over majority control of the House of Representatives to the Democratic-Republicans by 68 seats to 38, the presidential election had to be decided by the outgoing House that had been elected in the congressional election of 1798 (at that time, the new presidential and congressional terms all started on March 4 of the year after a national election). In the outgoing House, the Federalists retained a majority of 60 seats to 46.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Disputes, Defective certificate
When the electoral ballots were opened and counted on February 11, 1801, it turned out that the certificate of election from Georgia was defective: while it was clear that the electors had cast their votes for Jefferson and Burr, the certificate did not take the constitutionally mandated form of a "List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each". Vice President Jefferson, who was counting the votes in his role as President of the Senate, immediately counted the votes from Georgia as votes for Jefferson and Burr, and no objections were raised.


1800 United States presidential election, General election, Disputes, Defective certificate
If the disputed Georgia ballots were rejected on these technicalities, Jefferson and Burr would have been left with 69 votes each, or one short of the 70 votes required for a majority, meaning a contingent election would have been required between the top five finishers (Jefferson, Burr, incumbent president John Adams, Charles C. Pickney and John Jay) in the House of Representatives. With these votes, the total number of votes for Jefferson and Burr was 73, which gave them a majority of the total, but they were tied.


1800 United States presidential election, Results
Jefferson and Burr carried every state that had supported the Democratic-Republicans in 1796, made gains in Maryland, and picked up Burr's home state of New York. In the six states choosing electors by some form of popular vote, they won a landslide over Adams and Pinckney, polling 15,846 more votes than the Federalist ticket. Adams made gains in Pennsylvania and North Carolina, but these votes were not enough to offset the Democratic-Republican gains elsewhere. Of the 155 counties and independent cities making returns, Jefferson and Burr won in 115 (74.19%), whereas the Adams ticket carried 40 (25.81%). This was the last time that Vermont voted for the Federalists, and the last time a Federalist won electoral votes from Pennsylvania.


1800 United States presidential election, Results
Source (Popular Vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825Source (Electoral Vote):


1800 United States presidential election, Results
(a) Votes for Federalist electors have been assigned to John Adams and votes for Democratic-Republican electors have been assigned to Thomas Jefferson. (b) Only 6 of the 16 states chose electors by any form of popular vote. (c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. (d) Eight votes were cast for electors pledged to both Adams and Jefferson; 46 votes were cast for electors of unknown affiliation.


1800 United States presidential election, Results by state
Of the 16 states that took part in the 1800 election, six (Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Virginia) used some kind of popular vote. In Rhode Island and Virginia, voters elected their state's entire Electoral College delegation at large; Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee all used some variation of single-member districts. In the rest, electors were chosen by the state legislature. Popular vote records for several states are incomplete, and the returns from Kentucky and Tennessee appear to have been lost. Below are the surviving popular vote figures as published in A New Nation Votes.


1800 United States presidential election, Results by state, District results
Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee chose each of their electors from specially-drawn single-member districts, the results from which are as follows.


1800 United States presidential election, Results by state, Close states and districts
States and districts where the margin of victory was under 1%:


1800 United States presidential election, Results by state, Close states and districts
States and districts where the margin of victory was under 5%:


1800 United States presidential election, Results by state, Close states and districts
States and districts where the margin of victory was under 10%:


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
In February 1801, the members of the House of Representatives balloted as states to determine whether Jefferson or Burr would become president. There were sixteen states, each with one vote; an absolute majority of nine was required for victory. It was the outgoing House of Representatives, controlled by the Federalist Party, that was charged with electing the new president. Jefferson was the great enemy of the Federalists, and a faction of Federalist representatives tried to block him and elect Burr. Most Federalists voted for Burr, giving Burr six of the eight states controlled by Federalists.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
The seven delegations controlled by Democratic-Republicans all voted for Jefferson, and Georgia's sole Federalist representative also voted for him, giving him eight states. The Vermont delegation was evenly split and cast a blank ballot. The remaining state, Maryland, had five Federalist representatives to three Democratic-Republicans; one of its Federalist representatives voted for Jefferson, forcing that state delegation also to cast a blank ballot.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
Publicly, Burr remained quiet between mid-December 1800 and mid-February 1801, when the electoral votes were counted. Behind the scenes, he faced mounting pressure from within the party to step aside if he and Jefferson should tie in electoral votes. However, there was confusion as to whether or not Burr could simply concede the presidency to Jefferson and become vice-president, or whether he would have been forced to withdraw entirely and allow one of the Federalist candidates to become vice-president, as the Constitution was unclear on the matter.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
Regardless, he refused to disavow the presidency, writing in December 1800 to Representative Samuel Smith (R-MD) that he would not "engage to resign" if chosen president, adding that the question was "unnecessary, unreasonable and impertinent." Rumors circulated that Representative James A. Bayard (F-DE) had—purportedly in Burr's name—approached Smith and Edward Livingston (R-NY) with offers of political appointments if they voted for Burr.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
True or not, House Republicans, who from the start of the 1800 campaign viewed Jefferson as their candidate for president and Burr for vice president, faced two abhorrent possible outcomes when the House met to vote: the Federalists could engineer a victory for Burr; or the Federalists could refuse to break the deadlock, leaving Federalist Secretary of State John Marshall as Acting President. Neither came to pass however, chiefly due to Hamilton's energetic opposition to Burr. Hamilton embarked on a frenzied letter-writing campaign to get Federalist Representatives to switch votes. He urged the Federalists to support Jefferson because he was "by far not so dangerous a man" as Burr; in short, he would much rather have someone with wrong principles than someone devoid of any.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
From February 11 to 17, the House cast a total of 35 ballots; each time eight state delegations voted for Jefferson, one short of the necessary majority of nine.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
On February 17, on the 36th ballot, Bayard changed his vote from Burr to no selection, joined by his allies in Maryland and Vermont. This changed the Maryland and Vermont votes from no selection to Jefferson, giving him the votes of 10 states and the presidency. The four representatives present from South Carolina, all Federalists, also changed their 3–1 selection of Burr to four abstentions.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election
Due to the experiences of this and the previous election, sentiment for a new way of selecting the President and Vice-President rose significantly, resulting in the 12th Amendment.


1800 United States presidential election, 1801 contingent election, Results
(a) The votes of the representatives is typical and may have fluctuated from ballot to ballot, but the result for each state did not change. (b) Even though Georgia had two representatives apportioned, one seat was vacant due to the death of James Jones. (c) Even though South Carolina had six representatives apportioned, Thomas Sumter was absent due to illness, and Abraham Nott departed for South Carolina between the first and final ballots.


1800 United States presidential election, Electoral College selection
The Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their electors were chosen. Different state legislatures chose different methods:


1800 United States presidential election, In popular culture
The election's story and the eventual reconciliation between Jefferson and Adams was also retold in a second-season episode of Comedy Central's Drunk History, with Jerry O'Connell portraying Jefferson and Joe Lo Truglio as Adams.


1800 United States presidential election, In popular culture
The election was featured in the HBO miniseries John Adams.


1800 United States presidential election, In popular culture
In Hamilton, a 2015 musical by Lin Manuel Miranda, the contest between Jefferson and Burr is recounted in "The Election of 1800." The song focuses on Alexander Hamilton's role in deciding the outcome of the 1801 contingent election. In the musical, John Adams's unpopularity means the real choice is between Jefferson and Burr, with Hamilton's "endorsement" tipping the scales in Jefferson's favor. Historians have criticized the musical for overstating Hamilton's importance to the outcome, as well as inflating the proportions of Jefferson's victory. It implies Hamilton's support for Jefferson over Burr was the catalyst for the Burr-Hamilton duel, when in fact the duel was provoked by Hamilton's statements about Burr in the 1804 New York gubernatorial election.


1800 United States presidential election, In popular culture
The story of the 1801 contingent election between Burr and Jefferson is told in Gore Vidal's 1973 novel Burr.


1800 United States presidential election in Connecticut
The 1800 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place between October 31 and December 3, 1800, as part of the 1800 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1800 United States presidential election in Connecticut
Connecticut cast nine electoral votes for incumbent Federalist President and New England native John Adams. However, Adams would lose to Democratic-Republican candidate Thomas Jefferson nationally.


1800 United States presidential election in New Jersey
The 1800 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place between October 31 and December 3, 1800, as part of the 1800 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1800 United States presidential election in New Jersey
During this election, New Jersey cast seven electoral votes for incumbent Federalist President John Adams. However, Adams would lose to Democratic-Republican Party candidate Thomas Jefferson nationally.


1800 United States presidential election in New York
The 1800 United States presidential election in New York took place between October 31 and December 3, 1800, as part of the 1800 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1800 United States presidential election in New York
During this election, New York cast 12 electoral votes for Democratic-Republican Party candidate Thomas Jefferson.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
The 1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on December 1, 1800 during a special session of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Members of the bicameral state legislature chose 15 electors to represent Pennsylvania in the Electoral College as part of the 1800 United States presidential election. Eight Democratic-Republican electors and seven Federalist electors were selected. Unlike in the previous election, when one elector split his ballot between Republican Thomas Jefferson and Federalist Thomas Pinckney, all 15 electors followed the party line, with the Republicans voting for Jefferson and the Federalists for incumbent President John Adams. This was the first and only U.S. presidential election in which Pennsylvania's electors were not chosen by popular vote.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Nationally, Jefferson and his running-mate, Aaron Burr, received 73 electoral votes apiece, to 65 for Adams and 64 for Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. The tie between Jefferson and Burr led to a contingent election in the House of Representatives, which Jefferson won, becoming the third president of the United States on March 4, 1801.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Campaign
In 1800, there was no general statute governing all elections in Pennsylvania; instead, the legislature passed a new law in advance of each election to lay out the rules by which it would proceed. Following the 1799 state elections, the Assembly was divided between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives and the Federalist-controlled Senate and was therefore unable to pass an election law.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Campaign
House Republicans supported a plan to choose all 15 electors by a statewide popular vote, as had been done in previous elections, but the 13 Federalist senators opposed this measure in the belief Jefferson would win an overwhelming victory (as he had in 1796) if the choice were put to the population at-large. They instead proposed that the electors be chosen from specially-drawn districts in order to maximize the Federalist vote and deny Jefferson the whole part of the Pennsylvania delegation.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Campaign
The deadlock continued well into fall 1800, at which point a popular vote became impractical, and the debate turned to how the electors would be chosen by the Assembly itself. The Republicans favored selecting all 15 electors in a joint session of the entire Assembly, but the Federalists, who would have been outnumbered in that case, demanded separate elections in the Senate and the House. Outraged Republicans undertook a public campaign in support of a joint selection but failed to sway the holdout senators.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Campaign
Finally, under a compromise proposed by Governor Thomas McKean, seven Republican and seven Federalist electors were appointed, with the fifteenth elector to be chosen by a joint session of the Assembly. Believing incorrectly that South Carolina's electors would give the Federalist ticket a narrow majority in the Electoral College if Pennsylvania's votes were not recorded, Republican leaders agreed to the compromise. Samuel Wetheril, the Republican nominee, defeated Robert Coleman, the Federalist nominee, by a vote of 60 to 33 to become the final elector, giving the Republicans eight of Pennsylvania's 15 electoral votes to seven for the Federalists. Seven members of the Assembly did not vote and two had not yet taken the oath of office.


1800 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Results
Note: These are the vote totals for each candidate for the entire State Assembly, including the State Senate and the State House.


1800 United States presidential election in South Carolina
The 1800 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place between October 31 and December 3, 1800, as part of the 1800 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 8 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1800 United States presidential election in South Carolina
During this election, South Carolina cast 8 electoral votes for incumbent Democratic-Republican Party candidate Vice President Thomas Jefferson.


1800 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1800 United States presidential election in Vermont took place between October 31 and December 3, 1800, as part of the 1800 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.


1800 United States presidential election in Vermont
During this election, Vermont cast four electoral votes for incumbent Federalist President and New England native John Adams. However, Adams would lose to Democratic-Republican Party candidate Thomas Jefferson nationally.


1800 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1800 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place throughout September, and resulted in the re-election of Isaac Tichenor to a one-year term.


1800 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Middlebury on October 9. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to examine the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council.


1800 Vermont gubernatorial election
The committee examined the votes, which showed that Isaac Tichenor was chosen for a fourth one-year term. In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected Paul Brigham for a fifth one-year term. No candidate for treasurer had a majority of the popular vote. In accordance with the Vermont Constitution, the General Assembly was required to make a choice. The Assembly met on October 10 and elected Benjamin Swan. Vote totals for the governor's race were reported as follows.


1800 Virginia's 13th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Virginia's 13th congressional district on July 31, 1800 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation, on June 7, 1800, of John Marshall (F), who was named Secretary of State by President John Adams.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 7th Congress in 1800 and 1801, at the same time as the 1800 presidential election, in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic Republican, defeated incumbent President John Adams, a Federalist.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections
These elections resulted in the Democratic-Republicans picking up 22 seats from the Federalists. This brought the Democratic-Republicans a solid majority of 68 seats, whereas the Federalists were only able to secure 38. Many state legislatures also changed to Democratic-Republican control, with the result that many new Democratic-Republicans were voted into the Senate. The Federalists never again succeeded in gaining a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, and  the national Federalist Party disintegrated completely in the early 1820s.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections
The victory of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans can be attributed partially to unpopular policies pursued by the Adams administration, including the Alien and Sedition Acts, which sought to curtail guarantees of freedom of speech and freedom of the press spelled out in the Bill of Rights.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections
The difference between Federalist policies in support of a strong national government and the Democratic-Republican preference for states' rights played a prominent role in the election. Federal taxation became an issue as Southerners and Westerners rejected federal taxes levied on property.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections
There were special elections in 1800 and 1801 during the 6th United States Congress and 7th United States Congress.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, Connecticut
Note: Between the two sources used, there is disagreement over the ordering of the candidates. Both sources have the same numbers of votes recorded, but disagree on which candidates received those votes, one source lists Goddard as 8th, Talmadge as 9th, etc., as listed here, while the other has them as 11th, 12th, etc., three places off for all of them until the bottom three listed here which are moved up to 8th-10th, suggesting that one of the two sources accidentally misplaced three names on the list. They are ordered here as Goddard and Talmadge in 8th and 9th place as it is more likely that they'd been at the top of the runners-up given that they were subsequently elected to fill vacancies in the 7th Congress.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the 1st and 6th districts, necessitating a second trial.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, New Jersey
In 1800, New Jersey returned to its traditional at-large district, continued to use this system to select representatives until it was abolished in 1842, with a single exception in 1813.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, Rhode Island
Rhode Island switched to a general ticket for its two seats, instead of electing each one separately. Only one candidate received a majority in the 1800 election, requiring an 1801 run-off election to choose a Representative for the second seat.


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, Tennessee
Claiborne did not serve in the 7th Congress as he was appointed Governor of Mississippi Territory and was replaced in a special election by William Dickson (Democratic-Republican)


1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections, Vermont
Vermont law required a candidate to win a majority to take office, necessitating a run-off election in the 2nd (Eastern) district.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1800 and 1801 were elections for the United States Senate that, coinciding with their takeover of the White House, led to the Democratic-Republican Party taking control of the United States Senate. Although the Federalists began the next (7th) Congress with a slim majority, they lost their majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections
By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and a Government trifecta.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections, Change in composition, Before the November elections
After the November 6, 1800 special election in New York.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections, Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.


1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections, Maryland, Maryland (Regular)
The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term.


1800 in Argentina
In 1800, the territory that would later become Argentina was part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, part of the Spanish Empire.


1800 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1800 in Australia.


1800 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1800 in Chile.


1800 in Chile, Events
July 3 - The city of  San Carlos is founded.


1800 in New Zealand
The only recorded ship visit is a 3-day visit to Hauraki (the Waihou River between the Hauraki Plains and Coromandel Peninsula) to collect timber. It is possible that sealers visit Dusky Sound and that whalers are off the north-east coast but no specific records of any such activity remains.


1800 in Siam
Formerly the capital of the Kingdom of Siam, Ayutthaya was a monumental city located within Southeast Asia. Founded in 1351, the Kingdom reigned between the years 1351 – 1767, before its collapse in 1767 due to a Burmese invasion.


1800 in Siam, Trade
Ayutthaya was a major trade trading centre, enjoying prosperous diplomatic ties with China, Japan, Persia and the former Ryukyu Kingdom, now known as Okinawa. From the seventeenth century onwards, Ayutthaya developed ties with significant European states including Great Britain, Netherlands, and Portugal. Developing a strong relationship with France, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya gifted over 1500 pieces of porcelain and traditional items to the French King and his relatives.


1800 in Siam, Collapse
Following a hostile invasion from neighbouring Burma in 1767, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya collapsed along with the destruction of the majority of its artefacts. "The Kingdom of Siam: The Art of Central Thailand, 1350-1800" was an art exhibition, displaying eighty-nine of the surviving Ayutthayan artworks. Amongst the artworks exhibited, included stone and bronze Buddha images, sculptures of Hindu deities, figural and decorative wood carvings, temple furnishings, illuminated manuscripts, jewellery, and textiles.


1800 in Siam, Reform
Now known as Thailand, Siam underwent reform in 1932 which resulted in the state transforming from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, whilst changing its name to Thailand in 1939. Thailand reverted its name back to Siam in 1945, however in 1949 this was reversed and Thailand has remained its name to this day. “Thai” refers to the name of the largest ethnicity residing in the country.


1800 in Siam, Thailand in the present
Thailand remains the only state in Southeast Asia not to be colonised by Europeans, through the selective ceding of Malay territories to the British Empire. During the Second World War, Thailand aligned its allegiance to Japan. After the Second World War, Thailand became allies with the United States.


1800 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1800 in South Africa.


1800 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1800 to Wales and its people.


1800 in art
The year 1800 in art is often estimated to be the beginning of the change from the Neoclassicism movement, that was based on Roman art, to the  Romantic movement, which encouraged emotional art and ended around 1850.


1800 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1800.


1800 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1800 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1800 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1800 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1800.


1800 in science
The year 1800 in science and technology included many significant events.


1800 in sports
1800 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1800Mattress.com
1800Mattress.com (formerly known as 1-800-Mattress, Dial-A-Mattress and Dial-A-Mattress Operating Corps) is an American bedding retailer headquartered in Hicksville, New York and famous for its ads that used the slogan "leave off the last S for savings" (since the word "mattress" has 8 letters and only 7 are necessary for the phoneword).


1800Mattress.com, History
1800mattress.com was founded as Dial-A-Mattress in 1976 by furniture store employee Napoleon Barragan. His idea for the business was inspired by an advertisement for Dial-A-Steak, a business that sold meat over the telephone. From its beginnings as a basement operation, 1979 saw the first Dial-A-Mattress ads on television and in October 1988, Dial-A-Mattress started promoting their toll-free 800 number in broadcast ads.


1800Mattress.com, History
Having quickly eclipsed the furniture store where Barragan originally worked,  the company went national in 1994 and later the name was changed to 1-800-Mattress corresponding with the familiar "1-800-Mattress" jingle written by Andy Vallario, the President and chief creative officer of Media Results, Inc. Part of the company's growth was spurred by referrals and a familiarity with the brand, largely due to the catchy jingle and brand awareness.


1800Mattress.com, History
In 2005, near the company's peak when it was the leading bedding telemarketing company in the US, 1800mattress had more than 300 employees with annual sales in excess of $100 million. It had nearly 50 showrooms and 250 distributors nationwide. On March 23, 2009, 1-800-Mattress filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection pending a proposed merger with former rival, Sleepy's and later that year the merger was completed and 1-800-Mattress officially became 1800Mattress.com. In 2015, Sleepy's was acquired from Mattress Firm for $780 million. While Sleepy's retail stores became Mattress Firm, 1800Mattress.com still exists to this day. In  2019, Mattress Firm appointed John Eck as its new CEO.


1800s (decade)
The 1800s (pronounced "eighteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1800, and ended on December 31, 1809. The term "eighteen-hundreds" can also mean the years between 1800 and 1899 (the years beginning with "18"), and is almost synonymous with the 19th century (1801–1900). This article refers to the decade comprising 1800–1809.


1800s (decade)
The decade was a period of drastic change. The advancements of the previous three decades towards the end of the 18th century had propelled the Industrial Revolution into a global movement, with entire wars fought with the newly developed technologies – creating an impetus to imperialist campaigns across Africa and Asia, as well as the counter-movement on Latin America later on.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Napoleonic Wars
The European political landscape was dominated by the Napoleonic Wars, a series of conflicts declared against Napoleon's First French Empire and changing sets of European allies by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to the application of modern mass conscription. French power rose quickly, conquering most of Europe by the end of the decade. The decade brought hard times.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Napoleonic Wars
On 9 November 1799 (18 Brumaire), Napoleon overthrew the French government, replacing it with the Consulate, in which he was First Consul. On 2 December 1804, after a failed assassination plot, he crowned himself Emperor.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Napoleonic Wars
In 1805, Napoleon planned to invade Britain, but a renewed British alliance with Russia and Austria (Third Coalition), forced him to turn his attention towards the continent, while at the same time failure to lure the superior British fleet away from the English Channel, ending in a decisive French defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar (in this battle, British Admiral Horatio Nelson was fatally wounded) on 21 October put an end to hopes of an invasion of Britain.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Napoleonic Wars
On 2 December 1805, Napoleon defeated a numerically superior Austro-Russian army at Austerlitz, forcing Austria's withdrawal from the coalition (see Treaty of Pressburg) and dissolving the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, a Fourth Coalition was set up, on 14 October Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, marched through Germany and defeated the Russians on 14 June 1807 at  Friedland. The Treaties of Tilsit divided Europe between France and Russia and created the Duchy of Warsaw.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Napoleonic Wars
The War of the Fifth Coalition, fought in the year 1809, pitted a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against the French Empire and Bavaria. Major engagements between France and Austria, the main participants, unfolded over much of Central Europe from April to July, with very high casualty rates. Britain, already involved on the European continent in the ongoing Peninsular War, sent another expedition, the Walcheren Campaign, to the Netherlands in order to relieve the Austrians, although this effort had little impact on the outcome of the conflict.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Napoleonic Wars
After much campaigning in Bavaria and across the Danube valley, the war ended favorably for the French after the bloody struggle at Wagram in early July, resulting in the Treaty of Schönbrunn . Although fighting in the Iberian Peninsula continued, the War of the Fifth Coalition was the last major conflict on the European continent until the French invasion of Russia in 1812 sparked the Sixth Coalition.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Other wars and political upheavals
1800s1 Jan 1800 – 31 Dec 1809The 1800s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1800, and ended on December 31, 1809. It was a decade of drastic change


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Slavery
This decade marked the greatest increase of the Atlantic slave trade to the United States. During the period of 1798 and 1808, approximately 200,000 slaves were imported from Africa to the United States. Still, the abolitionist movement began to gain ground in this period. Britain enacted the Slave Trade Act 1807, which barred the trade of slaves in Great Britain (though slavery was still legal). The United States enacted a similar ban in 1808. However, Napoleon revoked the French Empire's ban on slavery with the Law of 20 May 1802.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, Slavery
On 30 August 1800, under the cloak of religious meetings, Gabriel Prosser and Jack Bowler planned a slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia. The rebellion was postponed due to poor weather and was ultimately unsuccessful because of unnamed two slaves betraying the cause.


1800s (decade), Politics and wars, World leaders
1800 – 1801 – 1802 – 1803 – 1804 – 1805 – 1806 – 1807 – 1808 – 1809


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
This decade contained some of the earliest experiments in electrochemistry. In 1800 Alessandro Volta constructed a voltaic pile, the first device to produce a large electric current, later known as the electric battery. Napoleon, informed of his works, summoned him in 1801 for a command performance of his experiments. He received many medals and decorations, including the Légion d'honneur.


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
Also in 1800, William Nicholson and Johann Wilhelm Ritter succeeded in decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. Soon thereafter Ritter discovered the process of electroplating. He also observed that the amount of metal deposited and the amount of oxygen produced during an electrolytic process depended on the distance between the electrodes. By 1801 Ritter observed thermoelectric currents and anticipated the discovery of thermoelectricity by Thomas Johann Seebeck.


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
In 1806, Humphry Davy decomposed potash and soda, employing a voltaic pile of approximately 250 cells, showing that these substances were respectively the oxides of potassium and sodium, which metals previously had been unknown. Employing a battery of 2,000 elements of a voltaic pile and charcoal enclosed in a vacuum, Davy gave the first public demonstration of the electric arc lamp in 1809.


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
Steam transportation started to become viable during this decade. In 1803, William Symington's Charlotte Dundas, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, made her first voyage. Later, in 1807, Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat, the world's first commercially successful steamboat, made her maiden voyage.


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
In 1801, Richard Trevithick ran a full-sized steam 'road locomotive' on the road in Camborne, England, followed by his 10-seater London Steam Carriage in 1803. In 1804, Trevithick built a prototype steam-powered railway locomotive.


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
The first railway began operating during this time. The Surrey Iron Railway in Great Britain was established by the British Parliament in 1801, and began operation on 26 July 1803. The railway relied on horse-drawn haulage than powered locomotives.


1800s (decade), Science and technology, Electricity
In 1807, Isaac de Rivas made a hydrogen gas-powered vehicle, the first vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. James Watt creates first steam engine based on Newcomen's design.


1800s (decade), Culture, Fashion
Fashion in this period in European and European-influenced countries saw the final triumph of undress or informal styles over the brocades, lace, periwig, and powder of the earlier eighteenth century.


1800s (decade), Culture, Fashion
Fashionable women's clothing styles were based on the Empire silhouette — dresses were closely fitted to the torso just under the bust, falling loosely below. Inspired by neoclassical tastes, the short-waisted gowns sported soft, flowing skirts and were often made of white, almost transparent muslin, which was easily washed and draped loosely like the garments on Greek and Roman statues. No respectable woman would leave the house without a hat or bonnet. The antique head-dress, or Queen Mary coif, Chinese hat, Oriental inspired turban, and Highland helmet were popular. As for bonnets, their crowns and brims were adorned with increasingly elaborate ornamentations, such as feathers and ribbons. In fact, ladies of the day embellished their hats frequently, replacing old decorations with new trims or feathers.


1800s (decade), Culture, Fashion
1800–1809 was the height of dandyism in men's fashion in Europe, following the example of Beau Brummell. Older men, military officers, and those in conservative professions such as lawyers and physicians retained their wigs and powder into this period, but younger men of fashion wore their hair in short curls, often with long sideburns. This period saw the final abandonment of lace, embroidery, and other embellishment from serious men's clothing outside of formalized court dress. Instead, cut and tailoring became much more important as an indicator of quality.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons
The decade of the 1800s featured the 1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons. While data is not available for every storm that occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1800 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A minimal hurricane that passed through the Leeward Islands on August 10 moved through the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico to strike southeast Louisiana on August 18.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1800 Atlantic hurricane season
2) On August 27 and August 28, a hurricane struck Exuma in the Bahamas.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1800 Atlantic hurricane season
3) During September 9 and September 10 a hurricane impacted Bermuda. The storm dismasted the brig Eliza sailing from Savannah to New York, causing the loss of two lives from those swept overboard.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1800 Atlantic hurricane season
4) The October Storm of 1800 Between October 2 and October 5, a hurricane lingered across South Carolina. Twelve ships foundered at Charleston. The cyclone spawned a tornado which moved across the northwest section of the city. Its storm surge swept across much of Sullivan's Island. One died in Charleston.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1800 Atlantic hurricane season
5) The ship, Galgo, was sunk during a hurricane on October 9 over the southwest Atlantic. All 25 crew members were rescued.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1800 Atlantic hurricane season
6)   On October 31, a hurricane struck Jamaica before moving onward to Cuba and the southwest Atlantic. During November 4 and November 5, Bermuda experienced this hurricane. A lighthouse begun in 1795 on Wreck Hill was abandoned after this storm, as it was then determined to be an unsuitable site. (from Beware the Hurricane)


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1801 Atlantic hurricane season
1)  Nassau, Bahamas experienced a hurricane on July 22. 120 sails were wrecked onshore. The system moved westward into the Gulf of Mexico.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1801 Atlantic hurricane season
2)   On August 15 and August 16, this hurricane made landfall near Mobile, Alabama.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1802 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A hurricane was spotted west of Jamaica between October 6 and October 10. A hurricane was reported in Jackson, (Adams) New Hampshire. There were so many trees blown down, the town could not perform survey. Recorded in Vol 7 page 185 of NH legislature.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1803 Atlantic hurricane season
1) In August, a hurricane hit the West Indies. It continued through Jamaica, moved northward, and eventually hit England later in the month. It caused 121 deaths.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1803 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A hurricane hit near the Chesapeake Bay on August 29, causing at least one death.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1803 Atlantic hurricane season
3) The Carolina Hurricane of 1803 In addition, a minimal hurricane right on its heels hit near New Bern, North Carolina on August 31 and September 1. This type of tropical cyclone succession up the coast is similar to the Connie/Diane East coast landfalls of 1955.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1803 Atlantic hurricane season
4) The Norfolk Storm of 1803 During October 2 and October 3, a hurricane reportedly impacted Norfolk, Virginia.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
1) During August 18 and August 19, a hurricane was noted east of Bermuda, sinking the ship Alexander.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
2) On August 29, a violent hurricane was noted in Jamaica.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
3) 1804 Antigua–Charleston hurricane, The Great Charleston Gale of 1804, or Hurricane Santa Rosalía of 1804


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
A hurricane was first spotted near the Leeward Islands on September 3. Most ships at harbor in St. Kitts, Antigua, St. Bartholomew, and Dominica were destroyed. Reported strongest hurricane to hit St. Kitts since 1772 one. It moved west-northwestward across western Puerto Rico and Turks Island on September 4. The storm turned northwest, negatively impacting September 6–7. It then moved northwest to hit Georgia as a major hurricane on September 7. It continued slowly through South Carolina and North Carolina, leaving the mainland on September 9 before striking New England on September 12.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
Reported strongest hurricane to hit Charleston since 1752 one. The hurricane caused 500 deaths. Damages to crops on St. Simons Island totaled $100,000 (1804 USD). Overall damages from Savannah totaled $500,000 (1804 USD), while Charleston incurred $1,000,000 in damages (1804 USD). Part of cluster of hurricanes struck Charleston area in 1804, 1811, 1813, 1820, and 1822.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
4) Between September 22 and September 24, a tropical storm tracked from Cuba northward to South Carolina.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1804 Atlantic hurricane season
Later in the season, a major hurricane moved northwestward across the Western Atlantic to the north of Puerto Rico. It hit near Atlantic City, New Jersey on October 9, and turned northeastward. As it crossed New England, cool air was entrained in the circulation, and it became extratropical. The storm brought heavy snow across the Northeast, in some areas up to 2–3 feet, and killed 8 people. This was the first observation of snow from a landfalling hurricane, but not the last.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1805 Atlantic hurricane season
1) Between July 27 and August 1, a hurricane tracked through the southwest Atlantic east of Bermuda.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1805 Atlantic hurricane season
2) On September 30, a hurricane struck Mantanzas, Cuba then moved northward into Maine by October 3.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
A tropical cyclone was noted near the northeastern Lesser Antilles on August 17. Moving west-northwest, the cyclone strengthened into a major hurricane. As it moved offshore Georgia, coastal flooding occurred on Jekyll Island on August 22. The schooner L. T. was wrecked offshore St. Mary's, Georgia. Charleston, South Carolina experienced heavy rains and high winds which uprooted trees. Georgetown, South Carolina's lighthouse was leveled during the storm. The hurricane hit the southern North Carolina coast on August 23 and led to 42 deaths. It moved out to sea, disrupting British and French ships involved in the Napoleonic Wars. After struggling against the storm offshore the Mid-Atlantic coastline, the Rose in Bloom capsized offshore New Jersey on August 24, with a loss of 23 passengers.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A tropical cyclone moved through the Mona Passage on August 26 before moving just offshore the East Coast of the United States through September 3.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
3) A tropical storm caused damage in Vera Cruz, Mexico on September 8.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
4) Hurricane San Vicente of 1806 A hurricane hit Dominica on September 11, resulting in 457 casualties. The tropical cyclone subsequently moved through the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, striking Mississippi by September 18.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
5) On September 15, a hurricane hit northeast Florida, destroying several houses but leading to no deaths. On September 17, the hurricane hit New Orleans.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
6) On September 20, another hurricane hit Dominica, causing an additional 165 deaths.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
7) On September 28, a minimal hurricane hit the Outer Banks of North Carolina, destroying one ship.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1806 Atlantic hurricane season
8) During October 2, a tropical cyclone was witnessed at Jamaica. Moving northward, it struck South Carolina by October 9.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1807 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A tropical storm moved through the Lesser Antilles on July 25.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1807 Atlantic hurricane season
2) Hurricane San Jacinto of 1807 impacted Puerto Rico from August 17 to 19. It was a slow moving hurricane, affecting the island for 50 hours. The excessive rain caused all rivers to overflow causing great floods that destroyed crops. Many lives and livestock were lost. It crossed Puerto Rico from Humacao in the east to Aguadilla in the west and later continued to the Dominican Republic and Cuba.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1807 Atlantic hurricane season
3) On September 1, another tropical cyclone moved through the Lesser Antilles, striking Trinidad de Cuba on September 5.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1807 Atlantic hurricane season
4) Between October 16 and October 20, this hurricane moved from the extreme southeastern Caribbean Sea to the west of Jamaica.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1808 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A minimal hurricane hit the Outer Banks on September 12, damaging the lighthouse there.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1809 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A tropical cyclone struck Dominica, Guadeloupe, Tortola, and Montserrat between August 1 and August 3, killing 62 people.


1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1809 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A tropical storm affected the northern Leeward Islands between October 9 and October 13.


1800s in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the decade 1800–1809 to Wales and its people.


1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the 1st and 6th districts, necessitating a second trial that carried over until 1801.


1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island
Rhode Island switched to a general ticket for its two seats, instead of electing each one separately. Only one candidate received a majority in the 1800 election, requiring an 1801 run-off election to choose a Representative for the second seat.


1801
1801 (MDCCCI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1801st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 801st  year of the 2nd millennium, the 1st  year of the 19th century, and the  2nd   year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1801, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1801 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Batavian Republic on 6 October 1801. After a previous referendum in 1798 resulted in a new constitution being approved, the French were not satisfied with this constitution, and under their influence a new constitution was written.


1801 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum
In 1801, a referendum was held about the new constitution. Non -voters were counted as if they agreed to the new constitution, and the constitution passed with 87.46% in favour. On 16 October 1801, the new constitution became official.


1801 California Street
1801 California Street is a skyscraper in Denver, Colorado. The building was completed in 1983, and rises 53 floors and 709 feet (216 m) in height. The building stands as the second-tallest building in Denver and Colorado, and as the 151st-tallest building in the United States.


1801 California Street
1801 California Street was previously occupied by offices for US West, and then served as the world headquarters of Qwest Communications. In summer 2011 following CenturyLink's acquisition of Qwest, the Qwest sign was removed from the top and replaced with the CenturyLink sign. Upon its completion in 1983, the building stood as the tallest building in the city. However, it held that distinction for less than a year, being surpassed by Republic Plaza in 1984.


1801 California Street
The building has a brown concrete façade, and has a stepped design featuring four setbacks. It is an example of late-modernist high-rise architecture. The shape of the building resembles two interlocked octagonal sections, which separate near the building's roof. The roof houses an antenna mast; with this structure included, the building reaches to a total height of 738 feet (225 m), surpassing the 717-foot (219 m) roof of Republic Plaza. Therefore, when measuring by pinnacle height, 1801 California Street remains the tallest building in Denver.


1801 California Street
1801 California Street once held the distinction of hosting the brightest high-rise signs in the world, surpassing even the brightly lit high-rise logos found on the skyscrapers of Shanghai and Hong Kong. Four Qwest logos were installed in 2000, after the corporation moved their offices from 555 17th Street, situated two blocks away. The signs, light blue in color, were at the time the brightest high-rise lights in the world, visible from over 70 miles (113 km) away.


1801 California Street
However, Qwest removed the signs in 2004 due to increasing complaints from residents of Downtown Denver and rising energy costs, and the lights were replaced with ones of a darker blue color. In December 2011, Brookfield Office Properties acquired 1801 California Street from Public Service Enterprise Group for $215 million. In October 2015 the Transamerica logo was added to the skyscraper. On November 2, 2015 Transamerica relocated its Denver operations to 1801 California and now occupies several floors of the building.


1801 California Street
In the lobby of the building is an Ink Coffee and 1801 Eatery, and the Guard and Grace steakhouse. Brookfield sold a 51% interest in the property to AFL-CIO Building Investment Trust for $286 million on March 30, 2018.


1801 California Street
Exterior shots of the building were used as the setting for Colbyco in the television series Dynasty.


1801 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1801 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on April 9, 1801. Incumbent Federalist Governor Jonathan Trumbull Jr. won re-election to a fourth full term, defeating Democratic-Republican candidate Richard Law.


1801 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1801 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on October 6, 1801.


1801 Delaware gubernatorial election
Acting Governor James Sykes was not eligible for re-election under the Delaware Constitution of 1792.


1801 Delaware gubernatorial election
Democratic-Republican nominee David Hall defeated Federalist nominee Nathaniel Mitchell with 50.13% of the vote.


1801 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography
This Delaware elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1801 English cricket season
The 1801 English cricket season was the 30th in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status and the 15th after the foundation of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The season saw three top-class matches played in the country.


1801 English cricket season
Thomas Boxall published the earliest known instructional book on cricket called Rules and Instructions for Playing at the Game of Cricket etc..


1801 English cricket season, Matches
Only three top-class matches were played during the season, all of them staged at Lord's Old Ground. Two matches saw an England XI play Surrey sides. The other match was played between sides assembled by Thomas Mellish and W Turner.


1801 Georgia's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in Georgia's at-large congressional district on March 23, 1801 to fill a vacancy left by the death of James Jones on January 11, 1801, before the start of the 7th Congress. His death had also left a vacancy in the 6th Congress, which went unfilled.


1801 Georgia's at-large congressional district special election, Election results
Milledge took his seat at the start of the 1st session of the 7th Congress, on December 7, 1801. Milledge had served earlier, in the 4th and 5th Congresses. Milledge himself would subsequently resign in May, 1802, upon being elected Governor of Georgia


1801 Hollis Street
1801 Hollis Street is an office building in downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Home to many prominent businesses, it was built in 1985 and is one of the tallest buildings in Halifax, standing at 87 metres, with 22 floors. It is located near the waterfront, in a major financial district.


1801 Hollis Street
The building was originally known as the Central Trust Tower, but was re-branded as "1801" when the trust company closed in 1997.


1801 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1801 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 6.


1801 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
Federalist Governor Caleb Strong was re-elected to a second consecutive one-year term in office, defeating Democratic-Republican Elbridge Gerry.


1801 Massachusetts's 14th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Massachusetts's 14th congressional district to fill the vacancy left by George Thatcher (F) declining to serve a 7th term, having served continuously since the 1st Congress and, after the death of Thomas Hartley (F) in Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district on December 21, 1800, the last remaining member of the 1st Congress to have continuously served in the House. The election was held on June 22, 1801


1801 Massachusetts's 14th congressional district special election, Election results
Cutts took his seat with the rest of the 7th Congress at the start of the 1st session.


1801 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Massachusetts's 4th congressional district August 24, 1801 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Levi Lincoln Sr. (DR) on March 5, 1801, before the first session of Congress, upon being appointed U.S. Attorney General.


1801 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election, Election results
Massachusetts electoral law required a majority for election, which was not met on the June 22, 1801 first ballot, requiring a second election held on August 24.


1801 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1801 New Hampshire gubernatorial election took place on March 10, 1801. Incumbent Federalist Governor John Taylor Gilman won re-election to an eighth term, defeating Democratic-Republican candidate Timothy Walker in a re-match of the previous year's election.


1801 New York gubernatorial election
The 1801 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1801 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.


1801 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated state assemblyman and former Governor George Clinton. They nominated former U.S. representative and president of the Bank of Albany Jeremiah Van Rensselaer for Lieutenant Governor.


1801 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The Federalist Party nominated Lieutenant Governor Stephen Van Rensselaer. They nominated former U.S. senator James Watson for Lieutenant Governor.


1801 New York gubernatorial election, Results
The Democratic-Republican ticket of Clinton and Jeremiah Van Rensselaer was elected.


1801 New York's 6th congressional district special election
A special election was held in New York's 6th congressional district October 6–8, 1801 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of John Bird (F) on July 26, 1801, prior to the first meeting of the 7th Congress.


1801 New York's 6th congressional district special election, Election results
John P. Van Ness took his seat December 7, 1801, but did not complete the term, as he was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson as a major in the militia of the District of Columbia and on January 17, 1803, his seat was declared vacant and left vacant until the start of the Eighth Congress.


1801 North Carolina's 8th congressional district special election
A special election was held in North Carolina's 8th congressional district on August 6, 1801 to fill a vacancy created when David Stone (F) resigned upon being elected to the Senate before the 7th Congress began.


1801 North Carolina's 8th congressional district special election, Election results
Johnson took his seat on December 7, 1801, at the start of the 7th Congress. He subsequently died on July 23, 1802, creating a second vacancy which was filled in another special election.


1801 Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district on October 13, 1801 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Albert Gallatin (DR) in May, 1801, prior to the first meeting of the 7th Congress, after being appointed Secretary of the Treasury.


1801 Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district on October 13, 1801 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Peter Muhlenberg (DR) on March 3, 1801, prior to the beginning of the 7th Congress. Muhlenberg had been elected to the Senate.


1801 Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district on January 15, 1801 to fill a vacancy left by the death of Thomas Hartley (F) on December 21, 1800


1801 Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district special election, Election results
Stewart took his seat February 3, 1801. Stewart had also won the general elections in 1800.


1801 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1801 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an uncontested election held on April 1, 1801 to elect the Governor of Rhode Island. Arthur Fenner, the incumbent Governor, was the sole candidate and so won with 100% of the vote.


1801 State of the Union Address
The 1801 State of the Union Address was written by Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, on Tuesday, December 8, 1801. It was his first annual address, and it was presented in Washington, D.C, by a clerk. He did not speak it to the 7th United States Congress, because he thought that would make him seem like a king.


1801 State of the Union Address
He said, "Whilst we devoutly return thanks to the beneficent Being who has been pleased to breathe into them the spirit of conciliation and forgiveness, we are bound with peculiar gratitude to be thankful to Him that our own peace has been preserved through so perilous a season, and ourselves permitted quietly to cultivate the earth and to practice and improve those arts which tend to increase our comforts." During the address Jefferson proclaimed the Washington Doctrine of Unstable Alliances.


1801 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1801 Tennessee gubernatorial election took place from August 6–7, 1801. The incumbent governor, John Sevier, had reached his three consecutive term limit and had to wait until 1803 to run again. Democratic-Republican judge Archibald Roane won a term almost unanimously against scattering opponents.


1801 Tennessee's at-large congressional district special election
William Dickson defeated John Reah, George W. Campbell, and John Cocke to begin the 7th Congress in place of William C. C. Claiborne.


1801 Titicaca
1801 Titicaca (prov. designation: 1952 SP1) is a stony Eos asteroid from the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 September 1952, by Argentine astronomer Miguel Itzigsohn at La Plata Observatory in the capital of the province of Buenos Aires. It was named after Lake Titicaca in South America.


1801 Titicaca, Orbit and classification
Titicaca is a member of the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family in the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.8–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,916 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made, Titicaca's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation.


1801 Titicaca, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In March 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Titicaca was obtained from photometric observations taken by German amateur astronomer Axel Martin. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.2106 hours with a brightness variation of 0.50 in magnitude (U=3). A 2006-published lightcurve, constructed from photometry data from the Lowell photometric database, gave a concurring period of 3.211233 hours.


1801 Titicaca, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Titicaca measures between 19.31 and 24.77 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.11 and 0.18. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.109 and a diameter of 23.08 kilometers.


1801 Titicaca, Naming
This minor planet was named after Lake Titicaca in the Andes, on the border of Peru and Bolivia at an altitude of 3,812 metres (12,507 feet) above sea level, the largest lake by volume in South America and one of the largest and highest lakes in the world. Naming citation was published on 8 April 1982 (M.P.C. 6832).


1801 United States House of Representatives election in Tennessee
Claiborne did not serve in the 7th Congress as he was appointed Governor of Mississippi Territory and was replaced in a special election by William Dickson (Democratic-Republican)


1801 United States Senate election in New York
The 1801 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 27, 1801, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.


1801 United States Senate election in New York, Background
John Armstrong had been elected in November 1800 to fill the vacancy of this seat, and had taken his seat on January 8, 1801.


1801 United States Senate election in New York, Background
At the State election in April 1800, a Democratic-Republican majority of 28 was elected to the Assembly, but the Senate had a majority of 7 Federalists. The 24th New York State Legislature met from November 4 to 7, 1800; and from January 27 to April 8, 1801, at Albany, New York.


1801 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates
The incumbent U.S. Senator John Armstrong ran for re-election as the candidate of the Democratic-Republican Party.


1801 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath
Armstrong resigned on February 5, 1802, to make place for DeWitt Clinton who was elected by the State Legislature in a special election to fill the vacancy.


1801 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1801 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on February 19, 1801. Peter Muhlenberg was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1801 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
Incumbent Federalist William Bingham, who was elected in 1795, was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on February 19, 1801, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1801. Two ballots were recorded. The results of the second and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:


1801 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania
The 1801 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania was held on December 17, 1801. George Logan was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1801 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, Background
The Democratic-Republican Peter Muhlenberg was elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in February 1801. Sen. Muhlenberg resigned on June 30, 1801, after being appointed supervisor of revenue for Pennsylvania by President Thomas Jefferson.


1801 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, Results
Following the resignation of Sen. Peter Muhlenberg, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 17, 1801, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:


1801 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1801, in 13 states.


1801 United States gubernatorial elections
Eight governors were elected by popular vote and five were elected by state legislatures.


1801 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1801 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place throughout September, and resulted in the re-election of Isaac Tichenor to a one-year term.


1801 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Newbury on October 8. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to examine the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council.


1801 Vermont gubernatorial election
The committee examined the votes, which showed that Isaac Tichenor was chosen for a fifth one-year term. In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected Paul Brigham for a sixth one-year term. Benjamin Swan was elected to a second one-year term as treasurer. Vote totals for the governor's race were not recorded, but one Vermont newspaper indicated that Tichenor had been reelected "by a large majority."


1801 in Argentina
In 1801, the territory that would later become Argentina was part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, part of the Spanish Empire.


1801 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1801 in Australia.


1801 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1801 in Chile.


1801 in Chile, Incumbents
Royal Governors - Joaquín del Pino (-March 31), José de Santiago Concha Jiménez Lobatón (April 1-December), Francisco Tadeo Diez de Medina Vidanges (December-)


1801 in Chile, Births
May 6 - José Joaquín Pérez, seventh president of Chile.


1801 in New Zealand
The ships visits to collect timber come to an end as the wood they have been taking, kahikatea and pohutukawa, is found to be unsuitable for ship building. With the end of this industry the Firth of Thames area ceases to be the main point of contact for pakeha and Māori. At the end of the year Governor King reports half a dozen whaling ships are operating off the north coast. The first recorded sealing ship visit to Dusky Sound in 4 years takes place as most sealers visit the recently discovered Bass Strait rookeries instead.


1801 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1801 in South Africa.


1801 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1801 to Wales and its people.


1801 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1801.


1801 in paleontology
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1801.


1801 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1801 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1801 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1801 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1801.


1801 in science
The year 1801 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1801 in sports
1801 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1801 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1801 in the United Kingdom. The Acts of Union 1800 came into force this year.


1801 series CPU
The 1801 series CPUs were a family of 16-bit Soviet microprocessors based on the indigenous Elektronika NC microarchitecture cores, but binary compatible with DEC's PDP-11 machines. First released in 1980, various models and variants of the series were among the most popular Soviet microprocessors and dominated embedded systems and military applications of the 1980s. They were also used in widely different areas such as graphing calculators (Elektronika MK-85) and industrial CNCs (Elektronika NC series), but arguably their most well-known use was in several Soviet general-purpose mini- and microcomputer designs like  the SM EVM, DVK, UKNC, and BK families.


1801 series CPU
Due to being the CPU of the popular Elektronika BK home computer, used in its late years as a demo machine, as well as the DVK micros that often offered a first glimpse into the UNIX world, this processor achieved something of a cult status among Soviet and then Russian programmers.