182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Later service
In 2004 Charlie Company was attached to Task Force 1-114th and deployed to Egypt with the Multinational Forces Of Observers. Upon their return 10 volunteers from Charlie (official designated Charlie Company Forward) was attached to 3-103rd AR under 2/28 BCT. They served in Ramadi Iraq until 2006


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Later service
In 2006, the regiment was reorganized and redesignated the 182nd Cavalry Regiment, ending 370 years of history as an infantry regiment. Thus as a Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition force, the 1st Squadron, 182nd Cavalry Regiment served as a fast-moving armored reconnaissance unit.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Later service
From August 2006 to November 2007 the 1st Squadron 182d Cavalry served as Task Force Patriot in Kosovo. They were responsible for a large portion of southern Kosovo in the turbulent year that preceded final status and independence for Kosovo from Serbia.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Later service
As of 2007, the squadron had detached elements serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2008, the squadron completed a 15-month tour of active duty in Kosovo supporting the NATO efforts there as part of Task Force Patriot. One notable contribution of the Task Force was the collection of school supplies and textbooks for children in remote areas of the country through its civil affairs program.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Back to infantry
An online article by the Massachusetts Army National Guard, dated 3 August 2009, stated that the unit would soon revert to an infantry configuration.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Back to infantry
Effective 13 December 2010, the 1–182d Cavalry was yet again redesignated to the 1–182d Infantry Regiment.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Back to infantry
In March 2011, the 1st Battalion 182d Infantry mobilized for service in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. In June 2011, the 182d Infantry relieved the 181st Infantry in Afghanistan.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Back to infantry
Delta company 2nd platoon was inserted into Assadabad Afghanistan at FOB WRIGHT in June 2011 and manned remotely positioned observation post Nevada upon a ridge line 8 kilometers from the Pakistan border over seeing the Sar Kani village and the Kunar valley.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Back to infantry
They received many distinguished decorations to include the Purple Heart, the ARCOM; they conducted more than 75 combat missions in which they were either a gunner, driver or dismounted personnel, the NATO award was awarded for service in relation to ISAF operations, the over seas service ribbon (OSR), the global war on terrorism service medal (GWOTSM), Afghanistan campaign medal with 1st campaign star, certain members of the platoon were awarded the Combat Infantry Badge for direct participation in ground combat action for having been personally present and under hostile enemy fire in Afghanistan, Pech Valley, Kunar province while leaving Cop Honaker-Miracle the patrol was ambushed with IED explosion dividing the element in half they relied on their training and prevailed with no casualties, on 17 Aug 2011 while serving with PRT Kunar in direct support of operation enduring freedom, the NAVY achievement medal was awarded to the national guard soldiers that were attached with the Navy element  At the end of March 2012, having been relieved by the 143rd Infantry, the 182d Infantry was released from active duty, having completed its tour in Afghanistan.


182nd Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Back to infantry
In July 2015, the 1-182 IN conducted Annual Training with the New York Army National Guard's 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) as part of the 'aligned for training' initiative. The 1-182 IN will be officially assigned to the 27th IBCT on 1 October 2016.


182nd Mixed Brigade
The 182nd Mixed Brigade (Spanish: 182.ª Brigada Mixta), was a mixed brigade of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in the spring of 1938 in Andalusia and had four battalions, the 725, 726, 727 and 728.


182nd Mixed Brigade
Apparently this mixed brigade ended up in the last Republican zone behind the XYZ Line at the end of the conflict. But data are lacking regarding its final fate.


182nd Mixed Brigade, History, Northern Army unit
In 1937 the Spanish Republican Army Chief of Staff had planned to form a 182nd Mixed Brigade made up from battalions belonging to the Carabineros Corps that would have been placed under the 56th Division of the XVI Army Corps as a reserve of the Northern Army (Ejército del Norte). However, in the summer of 1937 the isolated Republican territory in Northern Spain fell to the rebel faction and this unit ended up not being established.


182nd Mixed Brigade, History, Latter unit
On 30 April 1938 a new unit named '182nd Mixed Brigade' was established in Andalusia. It was placed under the 54th Division of the IX Army Corps of the Andalusian Army (Ejército de Andalucía). The commander of the unit was Militia Major Pablo Careaga Odriozola. When the 54th Mixed Brigade was disbanded its troops and materiel were integrated into the newly formed 182nd Mixed Brigade.


182nd Mixed Brigade, History, Latter unit
On 12 June 1938, in the face of the imminent takeover of Castellón de la Plana by the Francoist armies, the 54th Division was transferred to this front in order to become part of the XIII Army Corps of the Levantine Army (Ejército de Levante). But when the 182nd Mixed Brigade arrived to the front line on 21 July the city had already been lost to the rebel forces. Since the situation was irreversible the 182nd Mixed Brigade withdrew southwards, seeking the protection afforded by the XYZ Line.


182nd Mixed Brigade, History, Latter unit
It seems that this unit remained in this relatively less active area of the front, seeing little action until the end of the Civil War. Some members of the brigade managed to reach France, but the fate of many others is unknown.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment
The 182nd New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 182nd New York Infantry was organized at New York City, New York in November 1862 and mustered in under the command of Colonel Mathew Murphy. Man of the men who enlisted were serving in the 69th New York State Militia.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Newport News, Virginia, Department of Virginia, to December 1862. Corcoran's Brigade, Division at Suffolk, VII Corps, Department of Virginia, to April 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, VII Corps, to July 1863. Corcoran's Brigade, King's Division, XXII Corps, Department of Washington, to November 1863. 1st Brigade, Corcoran's Division, XXII Corps, to December 1863. 2nd Brigade, Tyler's Division, XXII Corps, to May 1864. 4th Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps, Army of the Potomac, to June 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps, to July 1865.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 182nd New York Infantry mustered out of service July 15, 1865.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Newport News, Virginia, November 10, 1862. Duty at Newport News, Va., until December 1862, and at Suffolk until May 1863. Action at Deserted House, Va., January 30, 1863. Siege of Suffolk April 12-May 4. Attack on Suffolk April 24. Nansemond River May 3. Siege of Suffolk raised May 4. Operations on Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad May 12–26. Holland House, Carrsville, May 15–16. Dix's Peninsula Campaign June 24-July 7. Moved to Washington, D.C., July 12, and duty in and about the defenses of that city and guard duty along Orange & Alexandria Railroad until May 1864.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ordered to join the Army of the Potomac in the field May 1864. Rapidan Campaign May 17-June 15. Spotsylvania Court House May 17–21. North Anna River May 28-26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 16–18. Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, June 22–23, 1864. Demonstration north of the James July 27–29. Deep Bottom July 27–28. Demonstration north of the James August 13–20. Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, August 14–18. Ream's Station August 25. Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865. Watkins' House March 25. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Boydton and White Oak Road March 29–31. Crow's House March 31. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Sailor's Creek April 6. High Bridge, Farmville, April 7. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. At Burkesville until May 2. March to Washington, D.C., May 2–12. Grand Review of the Armies May 23. Duty at Washington until July.


182nd New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 126 men during service; 8 officers and 65 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 53 enlisted men died of disease.


182nd New York State Legislature
The 182nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met in Albany from January 5, 1977, to December 31, 1978, during the third and fourth years of Hugh Carey's governorship.


182nd New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938 and the U.S. Supreme Court decision to follow the One man, one vote rule, re-apportioned in 1971, and amended in 1974, by the Legislature, 60 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. Senate and Assembly districts consisted of approximately the same number of inhabitants, the area being apportioned contiguously without restrictions regarding county boundaries.


182nd New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, the Communist Party, the Socialist Workers Party, the Libertarian Party and the Labor Party also nominated tickets.


182nd New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1976, was held on November 2. The only statewide elective offices up for election was a U.S. Senator from New York. Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan, with Liberal endorsement, defeated the incumbent Conservative James L. Buckley who had Republican endorsement. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for U.S. Senator, was: Democrats 3,239,000; Republicans 2,525,000; Conservatives 311,000; Liberals 184,000; Communists 25,000; Socialist Workers 16,000; Libertarians 11,000; and Labor 7,000.


182nd New York State Legislature, Elections
Eight of the eleven women members of the previous legislature—State Senators Carol Bellamy (Dem. ), a lawyer of Brooklyn; Karen Burstein (Dem. ), a lawyer of Lawrence; and Linda Winikow (Dem. ), of Spring Valley; and Assemblywomen Jean Amatucci (Dem. ), a registered nurse of White Lake; Elizabeth Connelly (Dem. ), of Staten Island; Estella B. Diggs (Dem. ), of the Bronx; Mary B. Goodhue (Rep.), a lawyer of Mount Kisco; and Gerdi E. Lipschutz (Dem. ), of Queens—were re-elected. Mary Rose McGee (Dem. ), of Huntington, was also elected to the Assembly.


182nd New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1977, was held on November 8. No statewide elective offices were up for election. Two vacancies in the Assembly were filled. State Senator Carol Bellamy was elected President of the New York City Council.


182nd New York State Legislature, Elections
On February 14, 1978, Pinny Cooke (Rep.) was elected to fill a vacancy in the Assembly; and on April 11, 1978, Olga A. Méndez (Dem.) was elected to fill a vacancy in the State Senate.


182nd New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the first regular session (the 200th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 5, 1977; and recessed indefinitely on July 15.


182nd New York State Legislature, Sessions
Warren M. Anderson (Rep.) was re-elected Temporary President of the State Senate.


182nd New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the second regular session (the 201st) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 4, 1978; and recessed indefinitely on June 24.


182nd New York State Legislature, Sessions
On March 14, 1978, Assemblywoman Jean Amatucci had a baby son, becoming the first New York state legislator to give birth during her elected term.


182nd New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


182nd New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


182nd New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


182nd New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 182nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 182nd OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 182nd Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio August 4 through October 13, 1864, and mustered in for one year service on October 27, 1864, under the command of Colonel Lewis Butler. Five companies were first organized at Camp Toledo in Toledo, Ohio, before being sent to Camp Chase to complete organization of the regiment.


182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Post and Defenses of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to December 1864. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XX Corps, Department of the Cumberland, to March 1865. Garrison at Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to July 1865.


182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 182nd Ohio Infantry mustered out of service July 7, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee, and was discharged at Camp Chase on July 13, 1865.


182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
This regiment was organized in the state at large from Aug. 4 to Oct. 27, 1864, to serve for one year. On Nov. 1 it was ordered to Nashville Tenn., and on the 6th joined Gen. Thomas' forces at that place. The regiment took part in the Battle of Nashville, where it remained performing guard and provost duty until July 7, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the war department.


182nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 61 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.


182nd Tunnelling Company
The 182nd Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Background
By January 1915 it had become evident to the BEF at the Western Front that the Germans were mining to a planned system. As the British had failed to develop suitable counter-tactics or underground  listening devices before the war, field marshals French and Kitchener agreed to investigate the suitability of forming  British mining units. Following consultations between the Engineer-in-Chief of the BEF, Brigadier George Fowke, and the mining specialist John Norton-Griffiths, the War Office formally approved the tunnelling company scheme on 19 February 1915.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Background
Norton-Griffiths ensured that tunnelling companies numbers 170 to 177 were ready for deployment in mid-February 1915. In the spring of that year, there was constant underground fighting in the Ypres Salient at Hooge, Hill 60, Railway Wood, Sanctuary Wood, St Eloi and The Bluff which required the deployment of new drafts of tunnellers for several months after the formation of the first eight companies. The lack of suitably experienced men led to some tunnelling companies starting work later than others.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Background
The number of units available to the BEF was also restricted by the need to provide effective counter-measures to the German mining activities. To make the tunnels safer and quicker to deploy, the British Army enlisted experienced coal miners, many outside their nominal recruitment policy. The first nine companies, numbers 170 to 178, were each commanded by a regular Royal Engineers officer. These companies each comprised 5 officers and 269 sappers; they were aided by additional infantrymen who were temporarily attached to the tunnellers as required, which almost doubled their numbers.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Background
The success of the first tunnelling companies formed under Norton-Griffiths' command led to mining being made a separate branch of the  Engineer-in-Chief's office under Major-General S.R. Rice, and the appointment of an 'Inspector of Mines' at the GHQ Saint-Omer office of the Engineer-in-Chief. A second group of tunnelling companies were formed from Welsh miners from the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the Monmouthshire Regiment, who were attached to the 1st Northumberland Field Company of the Royal Engineers, which was a Territorial unit. The formation of twelve new tunnelling companies, between July and October 1915, helped to bring more men into action in other parts of the Western Front.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Background
Most tunnelling companies were formed under Norton-Griffiths' leadership during 1915, and one more was added in 1916. On 10 September 1915, the British government sent an appeal to Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand to raise tunnelling companies in the Dominions of the British Empire. On 17 September, New Zealand became the first Dominion to agree the formation of a tunnelling unit. The New Zealand Tunnelling Company arrived at Plymouth on 3 February 1916 and was deployed to the Western Front in northern France. A Canadian unit was formed from men on the battlefield, plus two other companies trained in Canada and then shipped to France. Three Australian tunnelling companies were formed by March 1916, resulting in 30 tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers being available by the summer of 1916.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history
182nd Tunnelling Company was formed about October 1915, and from December 1915 until the end of the war the company served under Fourth Army.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Battle of Messines
After its formation, the 182nd Tunnelling Company was deployed for work in positions near Bailleul in October 1915. The unit then took over the newly-begun Kruisstraat deep mines near Wytschaete. Preparations for digging deep mines at Kruisstraat were begun by 250th Tunnelling Company in December 1915, handed over to 182nd Tunnelling Company at the beginning of January 1916, and to 3rd Canadian Tunnelling Company  at the end of the month. These activities formed part of the mines that were dug by the British 171st, 175th, 250th, 1st Canadian, 3rd Canadian and 1st Australian Tunnelling companies as part of the prelude to the Battle of Messines (7–14 June 1917), while the British 183rd, 2nd Canadian and 2nd Australian Tunnelling companies built deep dugouts (underground shelters) in the Second Army area.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Armentières
182nd Tunnelling Company then moved to Armentières and was relieved there in March 1916 by 1st Canadian Tunnelling Company.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
Spring 1916 saw the 182nd Tunnelling Company move to Berthonval and the construction of subways in Zouave Valley on Vimy Ridge. Vimy was an area of busy underground activity for much of the war. British tunnellers had taken over mining in the area progressively from the French between February and May 1916. From spring 1916, the British had deployed five tunnelling companies along the Vimy Ridge, and  during the first two months of their tenure in the area, 70 mines were fired, mostly by the Germans.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
Between October 1915 and April 1917 an estimated 150 French, British and German charges were fired in this 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) sector of the Western Front. In May 1916, a German infantry attack, which forced the British back 640 metres (700 yd), was aimed at neutralising British mining activity by capturing the shaft entrances. From June 1916, however, the Germans withdrew many miners to work on the Hindenburg Line and also for work in coal mines in Germany.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
In the second half of 1916 the British constructed strong defensive underground positions, and from August 1916, the  Royal Engineers developed a mining scheme to support a large-scale infantry attack on the Vimy Ridge proposed for autumn 1916, although this was subsequently postponed. After September 1916, when the Royal Engineers had completed their network of defensive galleries along most of the front line, offensive mining largely ceased although activities continued until 1917. The British gallery network beneath Vimy Ridge eventually grew to a length of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi).


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
In addition to 182nd Tunnelling Company, also 172nd, 175th, 176th, 184th and 185th Tunnelling Companies were active around Vimy, as was 255th Tunnelling Company. The Canadian Corps was posted to the northern part of Vimy Ridge in October 1916 and preparations for an attack were revived in February 1917. Prior to the Battle of Vimy Ridge (9–12 April 1917), the British tunnelling companies secretly laid a series of explosive charges under German positions in an effort to destroy surface fortifications before the assault.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
The original plan had called for 17 mines and 9 Wombat charges to support the infantry attack, of which 13 (possibly 14) mines and 8 Wombat charges were eventually laid. At the same time, 19 crater groups existed along this section of the Western Front, each with several large craters. In order to assess the consequences of infantry having to advance across cratered ground after a mining attack, officers from the Canadian Corps visited La Boisselle and Fricourt where the mines on the first day of the Somme had been blown.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
Their reports and the experience of the Canadians at St Eloi in April 1916 – where mines had so altered and damaged the landscape as to render occupation of the mine craters by the infantry all but impossible –, led to the decision to remove offensive mining from the central sector allocated to the Canadian Corps at Vimy Ridge.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
Further British mines in the area were vetoed following the blowing by the Germans on 23 March 1917 of nine craters along no man's land as it was probable that the Germans were aiming to restrict an Allied attack to predictable points. The three mines already laid by 172nd Tunnelling Company were also dropped from the British plans. They were left in place after the assault and were only removed in the 1990s. Another mine, prepared by 176th Tunnelling Company against the German strongpoint known as the Pimple, was not completed in time for the attack.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Vimy Ridge
The gallery had been pushed silently through the clay, avoiding the sandy and chalky layers of the Vimy Ridge, but by 9 April 1917 was still 21 metres (70 ft) short of its target. In the end, two mines were blown before the attack, while three mines and two Wombat charges were fired to support the attack, including those forming a northern flank.


182nd Tunnelling Company, Unit history, Spring Offensive
At the time of the German spring offensive in March 1918, when the enemy broke through the Lys positions, the 182nd Tunnelling Company was in the very southern area occupied by Fifth Army, scattered over a wide area. Gathered near Fargniers (near Tergnier on the St-Quentin canal), the Company was used as emergency infantry in the defence of Nos 1 and 2 Keeps. This was followed by a fighting withdrawal to Baboeuf and then Varesnes (near Noyon). When the tide turned, troops of the 182nd Tunnelling Company were involved in the capture of the Bellicourt canal tunnel, Landrecies and Le Cateau.


182nd–183rd Streets station
182nd–183rd Streets is a local station on the IND Concourse Line of the New York City Subway. It is served by D train at all times except rush hours in the peak direction and the B train during rush hours.


182nd–183rd Streets station, History
This station was built as part of the IND Concourse Line, which was one of the original lines of the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND). The route of the Concourse Line was approved to Bedford Park Boulevard on June 12, 1925 by the New York City Board of Transportation. Construction of the line began in July 1928. The station opened on July 1, 1933, along with the rest of the Concourse subway.


182nd–183rd Streets station, Station layout
This underground station has three tracks and two side platforms. The center track is used by the D express train during rush hours in the peak direction.


182nd–183rd Streets station, Station layout
Both platforms have a Claret red trim line with a black border and mosaic name tablets reading "182ND-183RD ST." in white sans-serif lettering on a black background with a Claret red border. Below the trim line are tile captions in white lettering on a black background showing "182" in the south half of the station and "183" in the north half, similar to the arrangement at the 174th–175th Streets station. There are also directional tile captions below the name tablet mosaics.


182nd–183rd Streets station, Station layout
Hunter green i-beams run along the platforms at regular intervals with alternating ones having the standard black station name plate with white lettering.


182nd–183rd Streets station, Station layout, Exits
The mezzanine used to be full length, but has been reduced in size. Because of this, the station's name is a misnomer. Crossovers between the two directions are allowed only from the northernmost set of stairs. The only open exits are at all four corners of 182nd Street and Grand Concourse. A gated-off passageway on the north end of the mezzanine lead to a former booth and exits to all four corners of 183rd Street. The stairs have been sealed on street level as early as 1996.


182nd–183rd Streets station, Station layout, Exits
There were two additional exits at the south end that lead to both sides of the Grand Concourse and Anthony Avenue (between East 181st and 182nd Streets). At the request of the local community, these exits and the passageway leading to them were temporarily closed in January 1989 due to low usage, safety hazards and because vandals and criminals frequented the area. After the hearings took place in February and March the same year, these exits were completely shuttered after June 1989 and the stairs were also sealed on street level. However, the entrance structures remained on street level as early as June 1994.


183
Year 183 (CLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Victorinus (or, less frequently, year 936 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 183 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


183 (number)
183 (one hundred [and] eighty-three) is the natural number following 182 and preceding 184.


183 AM
The following radio station broadcasts on AM frequency 183 kHz:


183 BC
Year 183 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Labeo (or, less frequently, year 571 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 183 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


183 Club
183 Club is a Taiwanese boyband managed by Jungiery. In other words, 183 Club is part of J-Star. Originally they were called "183 Yu Le Bu," meaning "183 Entertainment Group," but it was later decided that the name should be shortened to what it is now: 183 Club. The average height of the original five members combined is roughly 183 cm, hence the group name 183 Club. However, it is true that only one member is actually 183 cm tall: Yen Hsing-su, the former leader of 183 Club.


183 Club
They have acted in various Taiwanese dramas such as Magicians of Love, The Prince Who Turns into a Frog and Le Robe de Mariage des Cieux.


183 Club
The group's Magicians of Love Original Soundtrack won Best Original Soundtrack at the 2007 HITO Radio Music Awards, presented by Taiwanese radio station Hit FM.


183 Istria
Istria (minor planet designation: 183 Istria) is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 33 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory in Pola, in what is now Croatia. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.77 hours. It was named for the Istrian Peninsula.


183 Istria, Orbit and classification
Istria is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.8 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,703 days; semi-major axis of 2.79 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.35 and an inclination of 26° with respect to the ecliptic.


183 Istria, Physical characteristics
Istria has been characterized as a common, stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification.


183 Istria, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In August 1979, a rotational lightcurve of Istria was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Alain Harris. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 11.77 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.31 magnitude (U=3). Observations by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi gave a similar period of 11.6 hours (U=2).


183 Istria, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Istria measures between 30.779 and 35.43 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1890 and 0.2582.


183 Istria, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Istrian Peninsula in the Adriatic Sea, where the city of Pula (then Pola) with its discovering observatory is located. A the time the peninsula was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The asteroid's name was given by Vice-Admiral Bernhard von Wüllerstorf-Urbair, who is known as the captain of the first Austrian circumnavigatory adventure with the sail frigate SMS Novara. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 183).


183 series
The 183 series (183系, 183-kei) was a Japanese limited express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1972 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), and formerly also operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West). In terms of design, it is closely based on the late-model AC/DC 485 series, with minor cosmetic differences and DC-only drive. The last 189 series sets were withdrawn on March 29, 2019.


183 series
The trains were built by Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo, and Tokyu Car Corporation.


183 series, Former operations, JR-West
The 183 series trains operated by JR-West were actually DC-only conversions of 485 series trainsets. They were used on limited-express services from Kyoto and Shin-Osaka to the northern coast of Kyoto and Hyogo prefectures, as part of the "Kitakinki Big X Network". These trainsets were gradually phased out from spring 2011 in favor of the new 287 series, and completely removed from regular scheduled services by the start of the revised timetable on 16 March 2013.


1830
1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1830th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 830th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th  year of the 19th century, and the  1st   year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1830, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1830
It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy.


1830 Belgian general election
Elections to the temporary National Congress were held in Belgium on 3 November 1830, following the declaration of independence from the Netherlands. The elections were held using a modified form of the Dutch system, as defined by the Orders of the Provisional Government of 10 October and 12 October 1830. 200 members were elected by plurality in constituencies of varying sizes, and suffrage was restricted to taxpaying men over the age of 25, with a higher tax threshold in urban areas than rural ones. Although clergy and academics were exempt from the restrictions, only around 1% of the country's population was eligible to vote.


1830 Belgian general election, Electoral system
The order of 12 October 1830 distributed the 200 seats among the 44 administrative districts of the nine Belgian provinces. Along with these deputies, an equal number of substitutes were elected in each district.


1830 Belgian general election, Aftermath
The Constitution adopted in February 1831 instituted a bicameral parliament, the first elections for which were held a year later.


1830 Central American federal election
After the victory of rebel liberal leader Francisco Morazán in 1829 by taking Guatemala City and thus ending the Central American Civil War, Morazán urged the Congress for new elections. This were held in 1830.


1830 Central American federal election
Main candidates were conservative leader José Cecilio del Valle and Morazán himself. After the election Morazán obtained 202 electoral votes and Valle 103, still less than required for both to win according to the Constitution (same that happened in the 1825 election) though this time the liberal-dominated Congress chose to respect the popular vote, which favoured Morazán, proclaiming him president for a four-year term. Valle accepted the results.


1830 Colombian presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Gran Colombia on 4 May 1830 following the resignation of incumbent President Simón Bolívar. Joaquín Mosquera was elected President, whilst Domingo Caycedo was elected Vice President.


1830 Colombian presidential election, Background
Suffering from ill-health, President Bolívar resigned in January 1830 during a Constitutional Convention. He named Domingo Caycedo as his successor until a Congressional vote in May.


1830 Colombian presidential election, Aftermath
Mosquera and Caycedo were forced out of office on 4 September under pressure from the military. General Rafael Urdaneta was appointed interim president the following day whilst a response from Bolívar on whether he would return to the Presidency was awaited. However, he refused to accept the post, and gave his support to Urdaneta. Bolívar died in December.


1830 Colombian presidential election, Aftermath
Following a brief civil war in early 1831, Urdaneta left office and elections were held for a Constituent Assembly. Presidential elections were held the following year.


1830 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1830 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 8, 1830. Incumbent governor and National Republican nominee Gideon Tomlinson ran essentially unopposed, winning with 96.19% of the vote amidst a scattering of votes.


1830 Connecticut gubernatorial election
Tomlinson would resign on March 2, 1831, to take his seat in the United States Senate, making John Samuel Peters the acting governor for the remainder of his term until May 4, 1831.


1830 Constitution of Ecuador
The 1830 Constitution of Ecuador was the first constitution governing the Republic of Ecuador. It was written by the 1830 Constituent Congress that met in the city of Riobamba, which began their work on August 14 with the assistance of 20 deputies. The constitution was adopted on September 11, 1830, by the Constituent Congress, who in 45 days, in addition to the new constitution, also issued several new laws.


1830 Constitution of Ecuador, Background
After the disintegration of Gran Colombia, May 12, 1830, the Distrito del Sur (Southern District) formed a new nation under the name Republic of Ecuador. Under the Act of Quito of May 13, 1830, General Juan José Flores was named interim leader, with broad powers to organize the new state.


1830 Constitution of Ecuador, Background
On May 31, 1830, Flores in his capacity of Encargado del Mando Civil y Militar issued a decree convoking a Constituent Assembly, which was to meet on August 10, 1830, in Riobamba. However, because of organizational difficulties and problems with transport of deputies to Riobamba, the Constituent Congress began its work on August 14, with the assistance of 20 deputies.


1830 Constitution of Ecuador, Contents
The constitution contains a preamble and 75 articles, of which 73 are divided into nine titles. The remaining two articles are "transitory articles". There is also a final provision.


1830 French legislative election
The 1830 general election organized the first legislature of the July Monarchy but was meant to organize the sixth legislature of the Bourbon Restoration. The election was held on 5 and 13 July, with the second round held on 19 July.


1830 French legislative election
Oddly, the election was organized under the Restoration (the first round being held before the July Revolution), but the legislature was entirely under the new July Monarchy. A quarter of the seats (119) were submitted to by-elections in autumn 1830 (see Administrative epuration).


1830 French legislative election, Results
The legislature was immediately dissolved by Charles X of France, but continued its term under Louis-Philippe.


1830 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 1830 Illinois gubernatorial election was the fourth quadrennial election for this office. State Representative John Reynolds was elected comfortably, defeating Lt. Governor William Kinney.


1830 Louisiana gubernatorial special election
The 1830 Louisiana gubernatorial special election was the sixth gubernatorial election to take place after Louisiana achieved statehood. Under Article III Sec 2 of the 1812 Constitution of the State of Louisiana the Governor was elected in two steps. On the first Monday in July, eligible voters went to the polls and voted. The returns were sent to the President of the Louisiana State Senate. On the second day of the session of the Louisiana State Legislature, the Louisiana House of Representatives and Senate met in joint session and voted between the top two candidates. The candidate who received a majority in General Assembly became governor. This particular election was called after the death of Governor Pierre Derbigny


1830 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1830 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 13, 1830. Incumbent National Republican Governor Jonathan G. Hunton was defeated for re-election by Democratic candidate Samuel E. Smith in a re-match of the previous year's election.


1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 5.


1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
National Republican Governor Levi Lincoln Jr. was re-elected to a sixth term in office over Democrat Marcus Morton.


1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign
For the first time, Justice Morton consented to his nomination. Privately, he expressed little hope of success and said that he did not hope to obtain more than one third of the votes.


1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign
David Henshaw's Statesman campaigned vigorously for Morton, upbraiding Lincoln as a renegade Republican who had accepted support of the Essex Junto and lauding Morton's support for the Warren Bridge Company. Theodore Lyman II's rival Democratic Evening Bulletin made no effort on Morton's behalf.


1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign
Lincoln took little interest in the election, focusing on new projects for railroads and Massachusetts's claim for war debts against the federal government.


1830 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results
Lincoln was once again victorious, though by a dramatically reduced margin. Morton wrote to John C. Calhoun to express his view that the Jackson administration had cost him several thousand votes by dismissing Henshaw supporters from federal office to placate the aristocratic Lyman wing of the party.


1830 Naval Air Squadron
1830 Naval Air Squadron (1830 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm.


1830 Naval Air Squadron
From HMS Illustrious, 1830 NAS participated in Operation Robson over Sumatra in December 1944.


1830 Naval Air Squadron, Naval Reserve
1831 Squadron reformed at RNAS Abbotsinch (HMS Sanderling (now Glasgow Airport ) in Renfrewshire on 15 August 1947 as part of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, equipped with Fairey Firefly fighters


1830 Naval Air Squadron, References, Bibliography
This United Kingdom navy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1830 New York gubernatorial election
The 1830 New York gubernatorial election was held from November 1 to 3, 1830, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.


1830 New York gubernatorial election, Background
Martin Van Buren, who was elected Governor in 1828, was appointed United States Secretary of State by President Andrew Jackson. Van Buren was succeeded in the governorship by his Lieutenant Governor, Enos T. Throop, a member of the regency. In 1830, Throop ran for a full term.


1830 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The Democratic Party nominated incumbent Governor Enos T. Throop. They nominated former state senator Edward Philip Livingston for Lieutenant Governor.


1830 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The National Republican Party nominated former state assemblyman and 1828 Lieutenant Gubernatorial candidate Francis Granger. They nominated Samuel Stevens for Lieutenant Governor.


1830 New York gubernatorial election, Sources
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1830 Pogson
1830 Pogson, provisional designation 1968 HA, is a stony Florian asteroid and an asynchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 April 1968, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at the Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period 2.6 of hours. It was named for English astronomer Norman Pogson. The discovery of its 2.5-kilometer sized companion was announced in May 2007.


1830 Pogson, Orbit and classification
According to a HCM-analysis by David Nesvorný, Pogson is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid clan and the largest family of stony asteroids in the asteroid belt. It has also been grouped into the Augusta family (list) by Zappalà, while for Milani and Knežević, who don't recognize the Florian clan as a family, Pogson is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.


1830 Pogson, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.3 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,182 days; semi-major axis of 2.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1926 GW at Simeiz Observatory in April 1926. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as 1929 EE at Heidelberg Observatory in March 1929, or 39 years prior to its official discovery observation at Zimmerwald.


1830 Pogson, Naming
This minor planet was named after English astronomer Norman Pogson (1829–1891), inventor of the modern astronomical magnitude scale. At the Radcliffe and Madras observatories, he discovered eight asteroids, including 42 Isis and 67 Asia. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (M.P.C. 4236). The lunar crater Pogson was also named in his honor.


1830 Pogson, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen and SMASS classification, Pogson is a common, stony S-type asteroid.


1830 Pogson, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In April 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Pogson was obtained from photometric observations by an international collaboration of Australian, European and American astronomers, namely, David Higgins	, Petr Pravec, Peter Kušnirák, Julian Oey and Donald Pray. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 2.5702±0.0001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12 magnitude (U=3). In the following month, a more refined period of 2.56990±0.00004 hours with the same amplitude was measured by Petr Pravec (U=3).


1830 Pogson, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Additional period determinations were made by Melissa Dykhuis and collaborators (2.5698 h) at the Calvin College Observatory (H62) during 2008 (U=2+), and by Pierre Antonini (2.5699 h) and Julian Oey (2.604 h) in March 2013 (U=3-/2).


1830 Pogson, Physical characteristics, Satellite
During the photometric observation in 2007, it was also revealed, that Pogson is an asynchronous binary system with a minor-planet moon in its orbit. The mutual eclipse and occultation events showed that the companion, provisionally designated S/2007 (1830) 1, orbits its primary every 24.24 hours. Based on a secondary-to-primary diameter ratio of 0.32 or larger, Johnston's archive estimates a diameter of 2.52 kilometers for the satellite, separated by 8 kilometers from its primary.


1830 Pogson, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Pogson measures between 7.7 and 8.35 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2188 and 0.274. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the result from Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.2188 and a diameter of 8.35 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.659.


1830 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1830 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an election held on April 7, 1830 to elect the Governor of Rhode Island. James Fenner, the incumbent governor and Jacksonian Party nominee, beat independent candidate Asa Messer with 61.87% of the vote.


1830 State of the Union Address
The 1830 State of the Union Address was given by the seventh United States president, Andrew Jackson on Tuesday, December 6, 1830, to both houses of the United States Congress. He said, "What good man would prefer a toe covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms, embellished with all the improvements which art can devise or industry execute, occupied by more than 12,000,000 happy people, and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization, and religion?" He speaks of the Indian Removal Act, "With a full understanding of the subject, the Choctaw and the Chickasaw tribes have with great unanimity determined to avail themselves of the liberal offers presented by the act of Congress, and have agreed to remove beyond the Mississippi River."


1830 United Kingdom general election
The 1830 United Kingdom general election was triggered by the death of King George IV and produced the first parliament of the reign of his successor, William IV. Fought in the aftermath of the Swing Riots, it saw electoral reform become a major election issue. Polling took place in July and August and the Tories won a plurality over the Whigs, but division among Tory MPs allowed Earl Grey to form an effective government and take the question of electoral reform to the country the following year.


1830 United Kingdom general election
The eighth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 24 July 1830. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 14 September 1830, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired. This election was the first since 1708 to cause the collapse of the government.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The Tory leader, at the time of the 1830 election, was the Duke of Wellington. He had been Prime Minister since 1828.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The previous Parliament had been unstable, with both principal parties fractured. During the 1826–30 Parliament, there had been four Tory prime ministers. The Earl of Liverpool, who had been Prime Minister since 1812, was forced by ill health to retire in 1827.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
George Canning, who had been Leader of the House of Commons under Liverpool, became Prime Minister in early 1827. The High Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington and Robert Peel, refused to serve in his government. Canning invited a section of the Whigs, including Lansdowne to join a coalition ministry with the Canningite faction of the Tories. Other Whigs, like Earl Grey, remained in opposition. Some Whigs like Viscount Althorp adopted a neutral attitude to the government.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
After Canning's death in August 1827, the premiership passed to Viscount Goderich for a few more months, until Wellington took over on 22 January 1828. Those Whigs who had been in both Canning's and Goderich's governments returned to the Opposition. For a short while a band of MPs and peers who had been supporters of Canning (hence the Canningites) were in included in Wellington's government but left on the issue of the re-distribution of seats from the corrupt parliamentary borough of East Retford in May 1828.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
There was a further split in the Tory administration in 1829 on the issue of Catholic emancipation when Daniel O'Connell and his Catholic Association won a parliamentary seat. Legally barred from taking his seat in the House of Commons because he was a Catholic, Wellington's government was forced to bring about a change but led to another split in their party—this time with the creation of the 'Ultra-Tory' group led by Edward Knatchbull MP and supported by a number of influential peers in the House of Lords.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
There had not been a predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806–07. The Whig Party had had weak leadership, particularly in the House of Commons, for many years. However, during the 1826–30 Parliament the situation improved.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
At the time of the general election, the Earl Grey was the leading figure amongst the Whig peers. However Grey had given up the formal leadership in 1824. The Marquess of Lansdowne was acting as leader, but had not taken up the title. The animosity which King George IV had to Earl Grey had barred him from government, but in the new reign his chances of office had improved.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
There had been no official Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons since 1821, but in 1830 the Whigs selected Viscount Althorp to fill the vacancy.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
In Irish politics, Daniel O'Connell and his Catholic Association had succeeded in obtaining Catholic emancipation in 1829. However this measure was accompanied with an increase in the property qualification for Irish county voters, from a £2 freehold to a £20 one. For the first time since the penal laws were enacted in the seventeenth century Catholics in Ireland could serve in Parliament. With emancipation achieved, O'Connell was free to pursue his other aim with a campaign for repeal of the Act of Union.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
The general election took place between the first contest on 29 July and the last contest on 1 September 1830.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Monmouthshire  (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.


1830 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country


1830 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1830 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on from December 14 to 16, 1830. William Wilkins was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1830 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
Incumbent National Republican William Marks, who was elected in 1825, was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 14, 1830, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1831. Twenty-one ballots were recorded over the next three days. The results of the twenty-first and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:


1830 United States census
The United States census  of 1830, the fifth  census undertaken in the United States, was conducted on June 1, 1830. The only loss of census records for 1830 involved some countywide losses in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Mississippi.


1830 United States census
It determined the population of the 24 states to be 12,866,020, of which 2,009,043 were slaves. The center of population was about 170 miles (274 km) west of Washington, D.C. in present-day Grant County, West Virginia.


1830 United States census
This was the first census in which a city – New York – recorded a population of over 200,000.


1830 United States census, Data availability
No microdata from the 1830 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.


1830 United States elections
The 1830 United States elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Andrew Jackson's first term, during the Second Party System. Members of the 22nd United States Congress were chosen in this election. The election saw Jackson's Democrats retain control of both chambers of Congress over the National Republicans and other members of the anti-Jackson faction, while the Nullifier Party won seats in Congress for the first time.


1830 United States elections
In the House, both major parties lost seats to the Anti-Masonic Party, but Democrats retained a commanding majority.


1830 United States elections
In the Senate, both parties lost one seat to the Nullifiers, leaving the Democrats with half of the seats in the Senate. No party had a clear majority because Vice President John C. Calhoun aligned with the Nullifiers, and eventually resigned before the end of the 22nd Congress. However, Democrats retained control of the chamber, electing three different President pro tempores: Samuel Smith, Littleton W. Tazewell, and Hugh Lawson White.


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1830 Vermont gubernatorial election took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of Samuel C. Crafts to a one-year term as governor.


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the mid-1820s, the Democratic-Republicans, the only major party following the demise of the Federalists after the War of 1812, began to splinter into supporters and opponents of President Andrew Jackson. The opponents of Jackson were called National Republicans, and adopted the name Whig after the 1832 presidential election. The pro-Jackson party was still referred to as the Democratic-Republican Party, but adopted the name Democratic Party prior to the 1832 elections. The Anti-Masonic Party, which formed in the late 1820s, continued to gather supporters, and had more influence in Vermont than in most other states.


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Montpelier on October 14. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to review the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council. The committee determined that no candidate had won a majority for governor or lieutenant governor. In accordance with the Vermont Constitution, the General Assembly was required to choose.


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
The popular vote for governor was reported as: Total votes, 30,721; Samuel C. Crafts (National Republican), 13,476 (43.9%); William A. Palmer (Anti-Masonic), 10,923 (35.6%); Ezra Meech (Democratic-Republican), 6,285 (20.4%); scattering, 37 (0.01%).


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the election for lieutenant governor, the popular vote totals were: Total votes, 29,847; Mark Richards (National Republican), 12,779 (42.8%); Lebbeus Egerton (Anti-Masonic), 10,594 (35.5%); John Roberts (Democratic-Republican), 6,405 (21.4%); scattering, 69 (0.02%). After numerous ballots over several days failed to produce winners, on Tuesday, October 19 the General Assembly chose Crafts for governor and Richards for lieutenant governor.


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
With 224 legislators and councilors casting votes for governor on the 32nd ballot, 113 were required for a majority. Crafts received 115, Palmer received 72, and Democratic-Republican William Czar Bradley received 37. For lieutenant governor, 211 members of the General Assembly voted on the third ballot, so 106 were necessary for victory. Richards received 117, Egerton received 57, and Roberts 37.


1830 Vermont gubernatorial election
Benjamin Swan won election to a one-year term as treasurer, his thirty-first. Though he had nominally been a Federalist, Swan was usually endorsed by the Democratic-Republicans and even after the demise of the Federalist Party he was frequently unopposed. In 1830, he was endorsed by the National Republicans and Democratic-Republicans, and opposed by Anti-Masonic candidate Augustine Clarke. In the treasurer's race, the popular vote was reported as: Total votes cast, 28,917; Swan, 18,544 (64.1%); Clarke, 10,325 (35.7%); scattering, 48 (0.02%).


1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross
In 1833, following the end of the Belgian Revolution, the young kingdom of Belgium created the Iron Cross to recognise wounds received and bravery in battle. The award first class was bestowed to the wounded who elected to stay at their post and keep fighting, to the maimed and mutilated, as well as for acts of courage, the award second class was bestowed to all wounded combatants. In 1835, due to the discontent of most recipients, the award 2nd class was terminated and all received the first class. Over the years, recipients of the Iron Cross received ever increasing pensions, up to ten years of seniority when employed as civil servants and pensions for the widows and orphans of the deceased. The other combatants of 1830-1831 received no pension, and no commemorative medal was struck.


1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross
These forgotten veterans' discontent grew over the years to the point of forming the "Federation of Volunteer Combatants of 1830" which openly and actively lobbied for recognition of their combat actions. It was not until over forty years later, in 1878, that King Leopold II signed the decree creating the 1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross.


1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross, Award statute
The 1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross (French: Croix Commémorative des Volontaires de 1830, Dutch: Herinneringskruis voor de Vrijwilligers van 1830) was a Belgian campaign medal established by royal decree on 20 April 1878 and awarded to all members of the Belgian Army and popular militias who served during the 1830-1831 Belgian Revolution who had not been awarded the Iron Cross.


1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross, Award description
The 1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross was a white enamelled Maltese Cross with a gilt Burgundy Cross between its arms and a black enamelled central medallion, two arms converged upwards from between the tips of the upper cross arm to a pivot mounted royal crown. The black enamelled central medallion bore on the obverse the Belgian lion, an heraldic "lion rampant", the reverse bore the year "1830".


1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross, Award description
The cross was suspended by a ring through a lateral hole in the royal crown's orb from a silk moiré ribbon in the national colours of Belgium. The ribbon was black with narrow 2mm red edge stripes bordered by 2mm yellow stripes on the inside.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections
In the United States House of Representatives elections of 1830 the supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats during his first term, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections
The brash style of Congress during the administration of Andrew Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Jacksonians remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority Anti-Jacksonians.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections
The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, Connecticut
Connecticut elected its six at-large members on a general ticket on April 14, 1831, after the term began but before the Congress convened.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, Georgia
Georgia elected its 7 at-large members on October 4, 1830.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland
Maryland elected its nine members on October 3, 1831. In the fifth district, two members were elected on a general ticket. There was a net gain of 2 Anti- Jacksonians thereby increasing their ratio from 3-to-6 to 5-to-4.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams was elected in Massachusetts's 11th district, becoming the first former president to re-enter public life after leaving the presidency.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
Elections were held November 1, 1830, but at least one district went to so many ballots it failed to achieve a majority election until 1832, just before the next cycle began.


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
(District numbers differ between sources. District numbers below reflect Martis's references. Where noted, Congressional Quarterly's "Guide to U.S. Elections" and OurCampaigns.com have different district numbers.)


1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections, North Carolina
North Carolina elected its members August 11, 1831, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1830 and 1831 were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti- Jacksonian coalition, but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 21st Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1830 or before March 4, 1831; ordered by election date.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 22nd Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1831 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections during the 22nd Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1831 after March 4; ordered by election date.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Illinois
Illinois had two elections in this cycle: one for each seat.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Illinois, Illinois (Regular)
For the Class 3 seat, one-term incumbent Jacksonian Elias Kane was re-elected in 1831 for the term beginning March 4, 1831.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Illinois, Illinois (Special)
For the Class 2 seat, Jacksonian incumbent John McLean, who had been elected in 1828 or 1829, died October 14, 1830. Jacksonian David J. Baker was appointed November 12, 1830 to continue the term until a special election. On December 11, 1830, Jacksonian John McCracken Robinson was elected to finish the term and was seated January 4, 1831.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Kentucky
When Jacksonian John Rowan's term ended March 3, 1831, the legislature had not yet voted a replacement. When the legislature resumed for its session in November 1831, Anti- Jacksonian Henry Clay was elected, but still in time to participate when the 22nd Congress convened in December 1831.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, New York
The Senate election in New York was held on February 1, 1831, by the New York State Legislature. Nathan Sanford had been elected in 1826 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1831. At the state election in November 1830, the Jacksonians managed to defeat the combined Anti- Masons and Anti-Jacksonians. Enos T. Throop was narrowly re-elected Governor, a large Jacksonian majority was elected to the Assembly, and five of the nine State Senators elected were Jacksonian Democrats. The 54th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 26, 1831, at Albany, New York.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, New York
The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the election, and n The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the electionominated New York Supreme Court Justice William L. Marcy. The vote was 77 for Marcy, 15 for Erastus Root, 6 for the incumbent Nathan Sanford and 6 scattering votes. William L. Marcy was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Ohio
The two houses of the Ohio General Assembly met during the winter of 1830-1831 in joint assembly to elect a Senator (Class 3). After seven ballots, on various dates, Thomas Ewing was elected on a majority of the ballots. The balloting was as follows:


1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania (Special)
Following the December 6, 1831 resignation of Senator Isaac Barnard due to ill health, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 13, 1831, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Eleven ballots were recorded. The results of the eleventh and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:


1830 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1830 in Australia.


1830 in Australia, Events
Smallpox spread among the Aboriginal groups. It was received from the British people when they arrived in Australia. Aboriginals were persuaded to go to captivity in order for the disease to steady.


1830 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1830 in New Zealand.


1830 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1830 in South Africa.


1830 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1830 to Wales and its people.


1830 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1830.


1830 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1830.


1830 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1830 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1830 in poetry, Deaths
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1830 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1830.


1830 in rail transport, Miscellaneous
The board game 1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons and its video game adaptation has players lead railroad companies in the United States during the year 1830.


1830 in science
The year 1830 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1830 in sports
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 18:26, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1830 in sports
1830 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1830 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1830 in the United Kingdom. This year sees a change of monarch.


1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road railway station
The 1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road, Manchester, is a 19th-century warehouse that forms part of the Liverpool Road railway station complex. It was built in five months between April and September 1830, "almost certainly [to the designs of] the Liverpool architect Thomas Haigh". The heritage listing report attributes the work to George Stephenson and his son, Robert. It has been listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England since May 1973.


1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road railway station
The warehouse is of "red brick in Flemish bond, with sandstone dressings and slate roofs". It is three storeys high, though only two storeys present to the level of the railway to allow for direct loading and unloading. At the ground floor at street level, carts could also gain direct access. "The internal structure is of timber, but with cast-iron columns in the basement."


1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road railway station
The processing of goods within the warehouse was originally a manual operation but "steam-powered hoists [were] installed within a year as the manual system could not cope with the volume of goods". The steam system of 1831 was replaced with a hydraulic system between 1866 and 1880 to increase efficiency.


1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road railway station
The restoration of the warehouse was undertaken in 1992–6 by the Building Design Partnership.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons
1830: Railroads & Robber Barons is a video game developed by Simtex and published by Avalon Hill in 1995 for MS-DOS.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Gameplay
1830: Railroads & Robber Barons is a multiplayer computer game adaptation of the Avalon Hill board game, 1830. With default settings, the game is a very strict implementation of the board game. Starting with a relatively small amount of seed capital, players purchase shares in eight different railroad companies; ownership of a majority of a company's shares makes a player its president, letting them dictate how the company lays track on a map of the northeastern US, builds stations, buys trains, and runs them on routes to generate revenue.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Gameplay
The game ends when the players have collectively earned a certain amount of money ("breaking the bank") or when a player or computer opponent goes bankrupt, at which point a player wins by having the highest total of stock valuation plus cash on hand. As in the board game, tactics such as looting companies of their assets, using buy/sell patterns to manipulate the stock market, and dumping unprofitable companies on other shareholders are prominent aspects of play.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Gameplay
The game has many options to alter game play, both minor (such as modifying the way trains become obsolete, or providing variable instead of fixed dividends per share) and major (adding a ninth railroad). Some variants, such as allowing random game maps or an unlimited number of the different types of track segment, are unique to the computer version, as they would be difficult to impossible to realize with a physical game.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Gameplay
The game can be played by a single player against one to five computer opponents, or multiplayer with hot seat play. There is no built-in facility for play over network, but modern players have done so by running a hot seat multiplayer game in a virtual desktop. Solo mode has four levels of computer opponent difficulty; at higher levels, the computer opponents collude so as to try to have any one of them defeat the player rather than having each maximize its own position (behavior that would not usually arise in a game among human players).


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Reception
The game sold less than 40,000 copies, at the time Avalon Hill's computer game sales record, set by Kingmaker.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Reception
Computer Gaming World's Bob Proctor wrote, "1830 has made the transition from table to computer very well. If you like pure strategy games, this game will give you hundreds of hours of pleasure." T. Liam McDonald of PC Gamer US praised the game but found it overly limited by its faithfulness to the original board game. He summarized, "Where MicroProse's Tycoon titles are large, sprawling canvases on which to paint an entire empire, 1830: Railroads and Robber Barons is a thumbnail sketch; interesting, but ultimately quite small."


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Reception
The game was reviewed in 1995 in Dragon #219 by Jay & Dee in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Jay gave the game 3½ out of 5 stars, while Dee gave the game 4 stars.


1830: Railroads & Robber Barons, Reception
Next Generation reviewed the PC version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "SimTex created a faithful rendition of the classic boardgame, but it stopped right there. The result is a simulation that feels two-dimensional, at least in comparison to what PC gamers have come to expect."


1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons
1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons is a railroad operations and share trading board game first published by Avalon Hill in 1986 based on an original design by Francis Tresham. The popularity of 1830 spawned an industry creating similar "18XX" games. 1830 was republished in 2011 through a partnership of Mayfair Games and Lookout Games.


1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons, Game Structure
1830 is a strategy game where the only element of luck involved is in determining the initial play order. The game takes the basic mechanics from Francis Tresham’s 1829, with players seeking to make the most money by buying and selling stock in various rail transport companies located on a stylised eastern United States map. Players also operate any companies of which they are the President (by virtue of being the dominant shareholder), in order to generate revenue and affect stock prices.


1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons, Game Structure
The game is designed to represent the beginning of railroad operations in the eastern United States beginning in the year 1830, with stock companies in the game representing historical railroad companies.


1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons, Game Structure
The goal of the game is to maximise personal wealth before the game ends, whether by nurturing a railroad  company to increase its stock value, gutting it and running with the money, successful stock trading or arranging for another player to go bankrupt. Buying, trading and speculating on the stock market is often where 1830 is won or lost.


1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons, Game Structure
A game is finished when the bank runs out of money or any player goes bankrupt, with the player with the greatest personal wealth winning.


1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons, Computer Game
1830 has been translated as a PC game of the same name by Simtex in 1993. This game has been praised for superior computer AI and, due to the lack of randomness in 1830 game play, the transparency of game play.


1830m
1830m (Sen Happyaku Sanjū Mētoru, "One Thousand Eight Hundred Thirty Meters") is the fourth album by the Japanese female idol group AKB48. It is a double-album release and was released in Japan on August 15, 2012 by King Records. It sold 1,051,000 copies.


1830m, Album information
The title 1830m reflects the distance from AKB48 Theater in Akihabara to Tokyo Dome, an indoor baseball stadium with over-50,000 capacity where AKB48 had performed for the first time, from August 24 to 26, 2012. It was released in two editions, a regular edition in a special box with a 48-page photobook, a bonus DVD, and a random photo, and a theater edition with 14 alternate covers, a handshake event ticket, and a photo of an AKB48/SKE48/NMB48/HKT48 member chosen at random.


1830m, Album information
This is the last album to feature Team A member and the group's ace Atsuko Maeda.


1830m, Reception
The album debuted at number one in the Oricon weekly album charts. In August 2012, the album was certified Million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.


1830m, Track listing
CD1 contains the following first-time studio recordings, which have all been performed on team stages: "First Rabbit", "Miniskirt no Yōsei", "Lemon no Toshigoro", "Ren'ai Sōsenkyo", "Romance Kakurenbo" and B-sides which only appeared on theater editions of their singles which are  "Jung ya Freud no Baai" (from "Give Me Five! "), "Hashire! Penguin" (from "Ue kara Mariko"), "Yasai Uranai" (from "Flying Get"), Anti (from "Everyday, Katyusha"), "Ōgon Center" (from "Sakura no Ki ni Narō") and "Tsubomitachi" (from "Kaze wa Fuiteiru").


1830m, Track listing
CD2 contains sixteen new songs, plus Atsuko Maeda's solo version of "Sakura no Hanabiratachi"


1830m, Senbatsu (album), Regular Edition
The DVD contains a set of 2:30 choreography videos (different angles, etc.) for each of the 4 songs.


1830m, Senbatsu (album), Theater Edition
13 tracks, same as on the Regular Edition minus 4 commercial tie-up tracks: "Daiji na Jikan", "Gū Gū Onaka", "Yasashisa no Chizu", and "Itterasshai".


1830s
The 1830s (pronounced "eighteen-thirties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1830, and ended on December 31, 1839.


1830s
In this decade, the world saw a rapid rise of imperialism and colonialism, particularly in Asia and Africa. Britain saw a surge of power and world dominance, as Queen Victoria took to the throne in 1837. Conquests took place all over the world, particularly around the expansion of Ottoman Empire and the British Raj. New outposts and settlements flourished in Oceania, as Europeans began to settle over Australia and New Zealand.


1830s, Politics, East Asia, China
China was ruled by the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty during the 1830s. The decade witnessed a rapid rise in the sale of opium in China, despite efforts by the Daoguang Emperor to end the trade. A turning point came in 1834, with the end of the monopoly of the British East India Company, leaving trade in the hands of private entrepreneurs. By 1838, opium sales climbed to 40,000 chests. In 1839, newly appointed imperial commissioner Lin Zexu banned the sale of opium and imposed several restrictions on all foreign traders.


1830s, Politics, East Asia, China
Lin also closed the channel to Guangzhou (Canton), leading to the seizure and destruction of 20,000 chests of opium. The British retaliated, seizing Hong Kong on August 23 of that year, starting what would be known as the First Opium War. It would end three years later with the signing of the Treaty of Nanking in 1842.


1830s, Politics, Southeastern Asia, Dutch East Indies
The Padri War was fought from 1803 until 1837 in West Sumatra between the Padris and the Adats. The latter asked for the help of the Dutch, who intervened from 1821 and helped the Adats defeat the Padri faction. The conflict intensified in the 1830s, as the war soon centered on Bonjol, the fortified last stronghold of the Padris. It finally fell in 1837 after being besieged for three years, and along with the exile of Padri leader Tuanku Imam Bonjol, the conflict died out.


1830s, Politics, Southern Asia, India
The British government appointed a series of administrative heads of British India in the 1830s ("Governor-General of India" starting in 1833): Lord William Bentinck (1828–1835), Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt (1835–1836), and The Lord Auckland (1836–1842). The Government of India Act 1833 was enacted to remove the East India Company's remaining trade monopolies and divested it of all its commercial functions, renewing the company's political and administrative authority for another twenty years. It invested the Board of Control with full power and authority over the company.


1830s, Politics, Southern Asia, India
The English Education Act by the Council of India in 1835 reallocated funds from the East India Company to spend on education and literature in India. In 1837, the British East India company replaced Persian with local vernacular in various provinces as the official and court language. However, in the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, Urdu instead of Hindi was chosen to replace Persian.


1830s, Politics, Southern Asia, India
In 1835, William Henry Sleeman captured "Feringhea" in his efforts to suppress the Thuggee secret society. Sleeman's work led to his appointment as General Superintendent of the operations for the Suppression of Thuggee. In February 1839, he assumed charge of the office of Commissioner for the Suppression of Thuggee and Dacoity. During these operations, more than 1400 Thugs were hanged or transported for life.


1830s, Politics, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
In 1830, William IV succeeded his brother George IV as King of the United Kingdom. Upon his death in 1837, his 18-year-old niece Queen Victoria acceded to the throne. where she would reign for more than 63 years. Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passed to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which had persisted since 1714. Queen Victoria took up residence in Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, her London home.


1830s, Politics, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
Britain had four prime ministers during the 1830s. As the decade began, Tory Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington led parliament. Wellington's government fell in late 1830, failing to react to calls for reform. The Whigs selected Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey to succeed him, who led passage of many reforms, including the Reform Act 1832, the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire), and the Factory Acts (limiting child labour).


1830s, Politics, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
In 1834 Grey retired from public life, leaving Lord Melbourne as his successor. Reforms continued under Lord Melbourne, with the  Poor Law Amendment Act in 1834, which stated that no able-bodied British man could receive assistance unless he entered a workhouse. King William IV's opposition to the Whigs' reforming ways led him to dismiss Melbourne in November and then appoint Sir Robert Peel to form a Tory government.


1830s, Politics, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
Peel's failure to win a House of Commons majority in the resulting general election (January 1835) made it impossible for him to govern, and the Whigs returned to power under Melbourne in April 1835. The Marriage Act 1836 established civil marriage and registration systems that permit marriages in nonconformist chapels, and a Registrar General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths.


1830s, Politics, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
There were protests and significant unrest during the decade. In May and June 1831 in Wales, coal miners and others rioted for improved working conditions in what was known as the Merthyr Rising. William Howley Archbishop of Canterbury has his coach attacked by an angry mob on his first official visit to Canterbury in 1832. In 1834, Robert Owen organized the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union, an early attempt to form a national union confederation. In May 1838, the People's Charter was drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage. Chartism continued to gain popularity, leading to the Newport Rising in 1839, the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.


1830s, Politics, Northern Europe, United Kingdom
In 1835, James Pratt and John Smith were hanged outside Newgate Prison in London after a conviction of sodomy, the last deadly victims of the judicial persecution of homosexual men in England.


1830s, Politics, Western Europe, France
The French Revolution of 1830 was also known as the July Revolution, Second French Revolution or Trois Glorieuses in French. It saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans (who would in turn be overthrown in 1848). The revolution ended the Bourbon Restoration, shifting power to the July Monarchy (rule by the House of Orléans). Duc de Broglie briefly served as Prime Minister, with many successors over the course of the decade.


1830s, Politics, Western Europe, France
The first two Canut revolts occurred in the 1830s. They were among the first well-defined worker uprisings of the Industrial Revolution. The word Canut was a common term to describe to all Lyonnais silk workers.


1830s, Politics, Western Europe, France
The First Canut revolt in 1831 was provoked by a drop in workers' wages caused by a drop in silk prices. After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties, rebellious silk workers seize Lyon, France. The government sent Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult, a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, at the head of an army of 20,000 to restore order. Soult was able to retake the town without any bloodshed, and without making any compromises with the workers. The Second Canut revolt in 1834 occurred when owners attempted to impose a wage decrease. The government crushed the rebellion in a bloody battle, and deported or imprisoned 10,000 insurgents.


1830s, Politics, Africa, French conquest of Algeria
In 1830, France invaded and quickly seized Ottoman Regency of Algiers, and rapidly took control of other coastal communities. Fighting would continue throughout the decade, with the French pitted against forces under Ahmed Bey at Constantine, primarily in the east, and nationalist forces in Kabylie and the west. The French made treaties with the nationalists under 'Abd al-Qādir, enabling them to capture Constantine in 1837. Al-Qādir continued to give stiff resistance in the west, which lasted throughout the decade (and well into the 1840s, with Al-Qādir surrendering in 1847).


1830s, Politics, North America, Mexico
The 1830s for Mexico saw the end of the First Mexican Republic and saw General Santa Anna move in and out of the presidency in a 30-year span now known as the "Age of Santa Anna". In 1834, President Antonio López de Santa Anna dissolved Congress, forming a new government. That government instituted the  Centralist Republic of Mexico by approving a new centralist constitution ("Siete Leyes"). From its formation in 1835 until its dissolution in 1846, the Centralist Republic was governed by eleven presidents (none of which finished their term). It called for the state militias to disarm, but many states resisted, including Mexican Texas, which declared independence in the Texas Revolution of 1836. During the 1840s, other provinces separated. The Republic of the Rio Grande in 1840, and the Republic of Yucatán declared independence in 1841.


1830s, Science and technology, Electricity
Many key discoveries about electricity were made in the 1830s. Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831; however, Faraday was the first to publish the results of his experiments. Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field. This discovery was essential to the invention of transformers, inductors, and many types of electrical motors, generators and solenoids.


1830s, Science and technology, Electricity
In 1834, Michael Faraday's published his research regarding the quantitative relationships in electrochemical reactions, now known as Faraday's laws of electrolysis. Also in 1834, Jean C. A. Peltier  discovered the Peltier "effect", which is the presence of heating or cooling at an electrified junction of two different conductors. In 1836, John Daniell invented a primary cell in which hydrogen was eliminated in the generation of the electricity.


1830s, Disasters, natural events, and notable mishaps, Cholera
Historians believe that the first cholera pandemic had lingered in Indonesia and the Philippines in 1830. The second cholera pandemic spread from India to Russia and then to the rest of Europe claiming hundreds of thousands of lives. It reached Moscow in August 1830, and by 1831, the epidemic had infiltrated Russia's main cities and towns.


1830s, Disasters, natural events, and notable mishaps, Cholera
Russian soldiers brought the disease to Poland during the Polish–Russian War 1830–31. "Cholera Riots" occurred in Russia, caused by the anti-cholera measures undertaken by the tsarist government.


1830s, Disasters, natural events, and notable mishaps, Cholera
The epidemic reached western Europe later in 1831. In London, the disease claimed 6,536 victims; in Paris, 20,000 died (out of a population of 650,000), with about 100,000 deaths in all of France. In 1832 the epidemic reached Quebec, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, Canada; and Detroit and New York City in the United States. It reached the Pacific coast of North America between 1832 and 1834.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons
The decade of the 1830s featured the 1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons. While data is not available for every storm that occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1830 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A hurricane moved from Trinidad to western Cuba between August 3 and August 9.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1830 Atlantic hurricane season
2) Twin Atlantic Coast Hurricanes of 1830. First noted in the Leeward Islands on August 11, a hurricane moved into the Caribbean in the middle of August. It moved west-northwestward, and approached the coast of Florida. It came close to present-day Daytona Beach on August 15, but recurved northeastward before landfall, although land was not spared from effects. It made landfall near Cape Fear North Carolina on the 16th and went out to sea that night, eventually well to the north of Bermuda just offshore the Canadian Maritimes. The hurricane broke a three-month drought, but caused heavy crop damage in the process.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1830 Atlantic hurricane season
3) Twin Atlantic Coast Hurricanes of 1830. A hurricane tracked north of the Leeward Islands on August 19, impacting Cape Hatteras, North Carolina on August 24–25, and went up the coastline eventually striking Cape Cod, Massachusetts on August 26.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1830 Atlantic hurricane season
4) A hurricane moved from north of Puerto Rico on September 29 to well northeast of Bermuda on October 1.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1830 Atlantic hurricane season
5) A tropical storm struck South Carolina on October 6.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A tropical storm made landfall in northeast Florida on June 10.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A hurricane formed circa June 22 at an unusually low latitude and moved from south Barbados to the Yucatán Peninsula by June 28.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
3) The Great Barbados-Louisiana Hurricane of 1831 or The Great Caribbean Hurricane of 1831


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
On August 10–17, an intense Category 4 hurricane left cataclysmic damage across the Caribbean. After striking Barbados on 10 August, the hurricane damaged Saint Vincent (island), Saint Lucia, and Martinique. The hurricane destroyed Bridgetown (the capital of Barbados) and left 1500–2500 people dead who mostly drowned in the reported 17 foot storm surge or were crushed by collapsed buildings as the island was left desolate after the storm. The storm completely destroyed every sugar plantation on the island of St. Vincent, Saint Johns Parish church and the town of Les Cayes, Haiti, and damaged Santiago de Cuba.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
The storm traveled across the entire length of Cuba and damaged much of Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. The hurricane impacted South Florida and Key West between August 14 and August 15. The hurricane then drove into Louisiana near Last Island on 17 August as a category 3 hurricane. It left at least 2,500 people dead and $7 million (1831 dollars) in damage. One of the great hurricanes of the century. See List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
The damage from this storm was also surveyed by British engineer William Reid and was instrumental in confirming William C. Redfield's (see 1821 Atlantic hurricane season) and John Farrar's (see 1819 Atlantic hurricane season) hypothesis that hurricanes are a spinning vortex of wind.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
4) A strong tropical storm or minimal hurricane struck western Louisiana between 27–30 August.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1831 Atlantic hurricane season
5) A hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Bravo del Norte, causing heavy rain over Northern Mexico.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1832 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A hurricane moved through the Bahamas around 5 June, causing 52 deaths. At Bermuda, the gale began from the northeast at 8 pm on 6 June, with the center likely passing quite close to the island as the wind shifted to southwest at 10:30 pm. The storm lasted until 3 a.m. on 7 June. Two schooners were damaged during the system.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1832 Atlantic hurricane season
2) On August 7, a hurricane struck Jamaica. On 12 August, Key West noted a tropical cyclone. The cyclone moved across the eastern Gulf of Mexico, striking northwest Florida. It then recurved through the American South, moving through South Carolina by August 18.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1832 Atlantic hurricane season
3) On August 21, someone witnessed a tropical storm west-southwest of Cape Verde in the eastern tropical Atlantic.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1832 Atlantic hurricane season
4) A hurricane on 23–27 August moved from the central Leeward Islands to the east of Jamaica.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1832 Atlantic hurricane season
5) On October 14, a tropical storm moved into South Carolina.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1833 Atlantic hurricane season
1) A hurricane passed offshore of Norfolk, Virginia, in late August, keeping ships at harbor but causing no damage.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1833 Atlantic hurricane season
2) A hurricane impacted Louisiana between September 4 and 5.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1833 Atlantic hurricane season
3) A hurricane impacted the entire east coast in early October reaching NY on October 13.


1830s Atlantic hurricane seasons, 1834 Atlantic hurricane season
1) The South Carolina Hurricane of 1834 On September 4 a hurricane hit South Carolina, causing 37 deaths. It moved through North Carolina and Virginia, capsizing the ship E Pluribus Unum. The crew made it safely to shore.