1805 Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district on October 8, 1805 to fill a vacancy left by the resigns of John B. Lucas (DR) before the first session of the 9th Congress to take a position as district judge for the District of Louisiana.


1805 Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district on October 8, 1805 to fill a vacancy left by the death of John A. Hanna (DR) on July 23, 1805, before the first session of the 9th Congress.


1805 State of the Union Address
The 1805 State of the Union Address was given by the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, on Tuesday, December 3, 1805. He did not give it directly to the 9th United States Congress, but only presented his written address. It was the first of his second term in the White House.


1805 State of the Union Address
He began with, "At a moment when the nations of Europe are in commotion and arming against each other, and when those with whom we have principal intercourse are engaged in the general contest, and when the countenance of some of them toward our peaceable country threatens that even that may not be unaffected by what is passing on the general theater, a meeting of the representatives of the nation in both Houses of Congress has become more than usually desirable."


1805 State of the Union Address
He ended with, "On this first occasion of addressing Congress since, by the choice of my constituents, I have entered on a second term of administration, I embrace the opportunity to give this public assurance that I will exert my best endeavors to administer faithfully the executive department, and will zealously cooperate with you in every measure which may tend to secure the liberty, property, and personal safety of our fellow citizens, and to consolidate the republican forms and principles of our Government."


1805 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1805 Tennessee gubernatorial election took place from August 1–2, 1805. Roane attempted to retake the governorship back from Sevier, but was defeated by Sevier who had taken 63.74% of the vote.


1805 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
Beginning with the 9th Congress, Tennessee was divided into 3 districts.


1805 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, Notes
This Virginia elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1805 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1805, in 13 states.


1805 United States gubernatorial elections
Eight governors were elected by popular vote and five were elected by state legislatures.


1805 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1805 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place throughout September, and resulted in the re-election of Isaac Tichenor to a one-year term.


1805 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Danville on October 10. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to examine the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council.


1805 Vermont gubernatorial election
The committee examined the votes, which showed that Isaac Tichenor was chosen for a ninth one-year term. In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected Paul Brigham for a tenth one-year term. Benjamin Swan was elected to a sixth one-year term as treasurer. According to contemporary newspaper accounts, the vote totals for governor were as follows.


1805 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the races for lieutenant governor and treasurer, the totals were not recorded, but Brigham was reported to have won by a majority of 5,590. Swan's majority was 3,440.


1805 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1805 in Australia.


1805 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1805 in Chile.


1805 in Chile, Births
1805 - Juan de la Cruz Donoso, politician and journalist


1805 in Ireland
This is a list of events from the year 1805 in Ireland.


1805 in New Zealand
Sealing continues at Bass Strait but declines at Dusky Sound which is still used for provisioning. There is a new rush to the Antipodes Islands. The existence of Foveaux Strait is not reported in Port Jackson until early the following year so sealers are still travelling via the south of Stewart Island/Rakiura which some also visit. At Stewart Island/Rakiura, and its smaller surrounding islands, the sealers often encounter Māori which they have not done at all at Dusky Sound. As many as 16 whalers are operating around the north of New Zealand, occasionally visiting the Bay of Islands and taking an increasing number of Māori on board as crew.


1805 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1805 in South Africa.


1805 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1805 to Wales and its people.


1805 in birding and ornithology, Ongoing events
Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteur de la zone torride Birds described in this work in 1805 include the black-bellied seedcracker, the orange weaver and the black-necked weaver


1805 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1805.


1805 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1805 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1805 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1805 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1805.


1805 in science
Significant events in 1805 in science and technology are listed.


1805 in sports
1805 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1805 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1805 in the United Kingdom. This is the year of the Battle of Trafalgar.


1805, Cuirassiers Before the Charge
1805, Cuirassiers Before the Charge (French: 1805, Les Cuirassiers avant la charge), also known as Cuirassiers of 1805, before battle or 1805, is an 1878 painting by Ernest Meissonier depicting a line of Napoleonic cuirassiers before making a cavalry charge. It is currently on display at the Musée Condé.


1805, Cuirassiers Before the Charge, Description
This painting depicts a scene set in 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars. Under low cloud cover, two rows of cuirassiers await the signal to begin charging, with five non-commissioned officers in front of them also at the ready. They are wearing the distinctly coloured uniforms of the 12th Cuirassier Regiment. On the left, a Division General in a tail-coat and distinctive gold and scarlet sash is pointing in a direction while addressing a cuirassier officer, probably the Colonel of the 12th Regiment.


1805, Cuirassiers Before the Charge, Description
Behind them stand a trumpeter in yellow, an aide-de-camp to the Division General in a hussar-style uniform, and two more cuirassiers. On the right, a group of artillerymen are moving in front of a row of houses. In the far distance, on a hill between the second and third non-commissioned officer from the right, can be seen Napoleon and his chief of staff.


1805, Cuirassiers Before the Charge, Description
Meissonier's intention was not to depict a specific battle, but rather a celebration of the cuirassiers of the First French Empire.


1805, Cuirassiers Before the Charge, Provenance
The painting was first exhibited at the Exposition Universelle of 1878 in Paris. It was bought for 275,000 francs by the Belgian collector Prosper Crabbe, and then passed into the collection of Ernest Secrétan. In the 1889 auction of that collection, it was listed as lot 39 and bought for 199,652 francs Henri d'Orleans, duke of Aumale. The painting is later donated, alongside the rest of his collection and property, to the Institut de France with the rest of his collection; it now forms part of the Musée Condé.


1805–1806 Massachusetts legislature
The 26th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1805 and 1806 during the governorship of Caleb Strong. Harrison Gray Otis served as president of the Senate and Timothy Bigelow served as speaker of the House.


1806
1806 (MDCCCVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1806th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 806th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 6th  year of the 19th century, and the  7th   year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1806, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre
The Bhandarkhal massacre (Nepali: भण्डारखाल पर्व) was a political massacre that occurred in Bhandarkhal garden of Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu in 1806. The chief perpetrator of the massacre was then Kaji Bhimsen Thapa. Bhimsen instigated the massacre as investigation and trial upon the death of then reigning Mukhtiyar and former King Rana Bahadur Shah. It began when Tribhuvan Khawas (Pradhan), a member of Sher Bahadur's faction, was imprisoned on the re-opened charges of conspiracy with the British that led to Knox's mission and finally convicted with a death penalty on the charge of treason.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre
After the implication, Tribhuvan decided to reveal everyone that was involved in the dialogue with the British on his house meeting on the night of 25 April 1806. The confession implicated Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's step-brother and he began to harass his stepbrother. Unable to bear desperation, Sher Bahadur killed Rana Bahadur and triggered the massacre which lasted for two weeks. The number of deaths occurred was ninety-three people (16 women and 77 men).


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Background
After returning to Kathmandu, in complicity with Rana Bahadur Shah, Bhimsen Thapa indulged in appropriating the palaces and properties of deposed members of Shah dynasty, which he shared between himself and his supporter Ranganath Poudyal. This aroused resentment and jealousy among Sher Bahadur Shah (Rana Bahadur's step-brother) and his faction, since they did not receive any portion of this confiscated property, despite their help in reinstating Rana Bahadur to power. They were also wary of Bhimsen's growing power. By this time, Rana Bahadur was a nominal figure and Kaji Bhimsen Thapa was single-handedly controlling the central administration of the country, being able to implement even unpopular reforms like Baisathi Haran.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Background
For almost two years after returning to Kathmandu, Rana Bahadur had no official position in the government – he was neither a king, nor a regent, nor a minister – yet he felt no qualms in using the full state power. Not only did Rana Bahadur carry out the Baisathi Haran under Bhimsen's advice, he was also able to banish all non-vaccinated children, as well as their parents, from the town during a smallpox outbreak, in order to prevent King Girvan from catching that disease.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Background
Now, after almost two-year, all of a sudden Rana Bahadur was made Mukhtiyar (chief authority) and Bhimsen tried to implement his schemes through Rana Bahadur. Bhimsen had also secretly learned of a plot to oust Rana Bahadur. Tribhuvan Khawas (Pradhan), a member of Sher Bahadur's faction, was imprisoned on the re-opened charges of conspiracy with the British that led to the Knox's mission, but for which pardon had already been doled out, and was ordered to be executed. Tribhuvan Khawas decided to reveal everyone that was involved in the dialogue with the British. Among those implicated was Sher Bahadur Shah.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Night meeting at Khawas's house
On the night of 25 April 1806, Rana Bahadur held a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house with rest of the courtiers, during which he taunted and threatened to execute Sher Bahadur. At around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar, also allies of Bhimsen.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Incident
The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river. That very night, members of Sher Bahadur's faction – Bidur Shah, Tribhuvan Khawas and Narsingh Gurung – and even King Prithvipal Sen of Palpa, who was under house arrest in Patan Durbar, were swiftly rounded up and killed in Bhandarkhal. Their dead bodies were not allowed funeral rites and were dragged and thrown by the banks of Bishnumati to be eaten by vultures and jackals.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Incident
The next few days, all the sons of Sher Bahadur Shah, Bidur Shah, Tribhuvan Khawas and Narsingh Gurung, aged 2 to 15 were beheaded by the bank of Bishnumati; their wives and daughters were given to the untouchables, their bodyguards and servants were also put to death, and all their property seized. Bhimsen managed to kill everyone who did not agree with him or anyone who could potentially become a problem for him in the future. In this massacre that lasted for about two weeks, a total of ninety-three people (16 women and 77 men) lost their lives.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Aftermath
Almost one and half months before the massacre, upon Bhimsen's insistence, Rana Bahadur, then 31 years old, had married a 14-year-old girl named Tripurasundari on 7 March 1806, making her his fifth legitimate wife. Taking advantage of the political chaos, Bhimsen became the Mukhtiyar (1806–37), and Tripurasundari was given the title Lalita Tripurasundari and declared regent and Queen Mother (1806–32) of Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah, who was himself 9 years old. Thus, Bhimsen became the first person outside the royal household to hold the position of the Mukhtiyar.


1806 Bhandarkhal massacre, Aftermath
All the other wives (except Subarnaprabha) and concubines of Rana Bahadur, along with their handmaidens, were forced to commit sati. Bhimsen obtained a royal mandate from Tripurasundari, given in the name of King Girvan, commanding all other courtiers to be obedient to him. Bhimsen further consolidated his power by disenfranchising the old courtiers from the central power by placing them as administrators of far-flung provinces of the country. The courtiers were instead replaced by his close relatives, who were mere yes-men. On the spot where Rana Bahadur Shah drew his last breath, Bhimsen later built a commemorative Shiva temple by the name Rana-Mukteshwar.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion
On 18 July 1806, approximately 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of gunpowder stored in a magazine (polverista) in Birgu, Malta, accidentally detonated. The explosion killed approximately 200 people, including British and Maltese military personnel, and Maltese civilians from Birgu. Parts of the city's fortifications, some naval stores, and many houses were destroyed. The accident was found to be the result of negligence while transferring shells from the magazine.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Background
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the main gunpowder store in Birgu was located in a casemate within the city walls, close to the Porta Marina. This was an improvised measure; the casemate was not intended to be used as a gunpowder magazine, but such practice was common at the time. Gunpowder was also stored in casemates at other locations, such as Fort St. Angelo, Fort Ricasoli, and Mdina. The Birgu magazine was located close to civilian housing, and the residents had complained about the dangers before the explosion. Preparations had been made to find alternative sites but nothing had been done; the storerooms that were meant to store gunpowder were being used as barracks or military hospitals.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Background
The 1806 explosion was not the first time that a gunpowder disaster occurred in Malta. On 12 September 1634, a gunpowder factory in Valletta blew up, killing 22 people and causing severe damage to the Church of the Jesuits and the nearby college. In 1662, gunpowder that was stored in an echaugette on one of Valletta's counterguards exploded after being hit by lightning, but there were no casualties.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Explosion
In July 1806, British forces in Malta were preparing artillery shells for shipment to Sicily, as ammunition stocks there were depleted due to the siege of Gaeta by the French. On 18 July, a working party of 13 men commanded by garrison gunner Bombardier Anderson were preparing a consignment of shells from the Birgu magazine, which was filled at full capacity with 370 barrels containing 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of gunpowder, as well as 1,600 shells and grenades. Anderson was using a metal chisel to remove the fuses from live shells, which was contrary to instructions, and this resulted in sparks which caused a massive explosion at 06:15.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Explosion
Anderson and the working party were killed instantly, as were three British soldiers of the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot and 23 Maltese soldiers of the 2nd Provincial Battalion. Between 150 and 200 civilians from Birgu were also killed, and approximately 100 others were injured by falling debris. The explosion frightened the inhabitants of Birgu, and it was also heard in the nearby cities of Senglea and Cospicua, as well as in the surrounding villages.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Explosion
The magazine was located within the city's fortifications, and a section of the walls "went up in the air" and left a large breach. The city gate at the Porta Marina, a small bastion, and part of a curtain wall were all destroyed and were never rebuilt. Parts of the Navy Store Houses were also damaged or destroyed during the explosion. Birgu's cityscape was also altered by the explosion, since a large number of houses were destroyed or damaged by the explosion itself and by the rocks which fell from the bastions. Four hundred ninety-three people reported property losses due to the explosion.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Aftermath
Many Maltese people were angered at the loss of lives caused by negligence on behalf of the military. Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball reported that:


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Aftermath
those Maltese who had already become disaffected with the Government, fanned the embers and fermented great agitation by magnifying the casualties and working upon the weakness and credibility of the lower ranks.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Aftermath
Victims and their families were paid partial compensation, and Ball set up a committee overseeing aid distribution. He also urged the government to pay full compensation. This was initially denied, but eventually the poorer classes received a compensation equivalent to two-thirds of their property which had been destroyed, while those of the upper classes received half of the value of their property. In 1811, £18,066.5s.10d was evenly distributed among those who had claimed damages. A wine merchant named Woodhouse lost a large amount of wine and the government provided him with extensive storehouses at the former Slaves' Prison in Valletta as a compensation. The initial total estimated damage for rebuilding was estimated at £35,000.


1806 Birgu polverista explosion, Aftermath
The affected area became known as l-Imġarraf (Maltese for "the destroyed"). A street close to where the explosion occurred is now known as Triq il-Vittmi tal-Porvlista (Maltese for "Polverista Victims Street"). The Vittoriosa Historical and Cultural Society installed a plaque at the St. Lawrence Cemetery on the 200th anniversary of the disaster in 2006, where most of the victims were buried.


1806 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1806 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on April 10, 1806. Incumbent Federalist Governor Jonathan Trumbull Jr. won re-election to a ninth full term, defeating Democratic-Republican candidate William Hart in a re-match of the previous year's election.


1806 Connecticut gubernatorial election, Notes
This Connecticut elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1806 Derice
1806 Derice, provisional designation 1971 LC, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. Discovered on 13 June 1971, at the Bickley site of the Perth Observatory in Western Australia, it was the first discovery of a minor planet ever made in Oceania. The asteroid was named after the wife of Dennis Harwood, staff member at Bickley.


1806 Derice, Classification and orbit
The S-type asteroid is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,222 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The first used precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1949, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 22 years prior to its official discovery at Bickley. The first unused observation dates back to 1927, at Tokyo Observatory.


1806 Derice, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
A large number of rotational lightcurves for this asteroid were obtained from several photometric observations. The first observations were made by Italian astronomer Silvano Casulli in November 2006, and gave a rotation period 3.4602±0.0007 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.19 in magnitude (U=3).


1806 Derice, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
One month later, in December 2006, observations at the Carbuncle Hill Observatory gave a period of 3.2240±0.0005 hours with an identical amplitude of 0.19 in magnitude (U=3).


1806 Derice, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
Between November 2009 and December 2012, Czech astronomer Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory obtained three more lightcurves with periods between 3.2235 and 3.2237 hours and corresponding amplitudes of 0.07. 0.10 and 0.10, respectively (U=3/3/3).


1806 Derice, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures between 8.0 and 10.7 kilometers in diameter, respectively, and its surface has an albedo between 0.035 and 0.282. Astronomer Petr Pravec and the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derive an albedo of 0.21 and a diameter of 10.7 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.4.


1806 Derice, Naming
This minor planet was named after Derice Harwood, wife of Dennis Harwood, astrometric staff member of the discovering Perth Observatory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 11 December 1981 (M.P.C. 6530).


1806 Edirne incident
The 1806 Edirne Incident was an armed confrontation between the New Order Troops (Nizam-i Djedit) of Ottoman Sultan Selim III and a coalition of Balkan magnates, ayans, and the region's Janissary garrisons that occurred in Thrace throughout the summer of 1806. The cause of the incident was Selim III's attempt to expand the New Order's permanent presence into Rumelia through the establishment of New Order barracks in the region's cities.


1806 Edirne incident
The ultimate outcome of the confrontation was the retreat of imperial forces back to Istanbul and to Anatolia, constituting a deathblow to Selim III's ambitions of expanding his reformed army, as well as a major blow to his legitimacy. The outcome of the Edirne Incident would play no small part in his deposition the following May.


1806 Edirne incident, Causes
At its core, the Edirne Incident is a reaction to Selim III's establishment of the New Order army following the Ottoman's overwhelming defeat in the Ottoman Russian War 1787-92. This army was break from Ottoman military tradition and was based on western military principles.


1806 Edirne incident, Causes
The army was met with heavy opposition from entrenched power groups, notably the Janissaries and the ayans, who saw the New Order as a threat to the established order of things, as well as from many in the wider public who detested the introduction of conscription, never before used in the empire, and the subsequent tax increases needed to outfit the new force. Many also felt that the new force was un-Ottoman in its nature and constituted a concession to the west.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
In April 1806, under the guise of sending an expeditionary force against Serbian rebels in Belgrade, Selim III ordered Kadi Abdurrahman Pasha to take his 24,000 troops into Thrace and establish New Order barracks there, ostensibly to protect the populace from the Mountaineers, a general term for organized Balkan banditry. The first attempt at this task was in the city of Tekirdağ and was immediately met with violent opposition from the populace.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
The local kadi refused to take part in establishing the barracks and though promptly replaced, his replacement and all his retinue were lynched by a mob of mostly janissaries after reading out the imperial orders on the subject. To further aggravate matters, the city refused to admit the New Order into the city or to turn over those responsible for the murders. Subsequently, the central government sent two corvettes to blockade the city, to no effect, before authorizing them to bombard it. Under this onslaught the city finally capitulated in July.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
This was only a small part of Kadi Abdurrahman Pasha's troubles in Thrace however. Throughout the spring and summer, the leading ayan of Edirne, Dağdevirenoğlu Mehmed, had been rallying opposition to the New Order under the rationale that it would mean the undermining of traditional Janissary and ayan privileges in the region. Under his ad hoc command, according to the British consul of Bucharest, 186 local ayans signed a secret agreement to resist the New Order and to overthrow Selim III and, in his place, install the future Mustafa IV.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
Importantly, this received the support of Ismail of Ruse, one of the most powerful figures in the Ottoman Empire and whose retinue included future Grand Vizier Mustafa Bayraktar, as well as the current Grand Vizier Hafiz Ismail Ağa. Ismail of Ruse had been an early supporter of the New Order and ostensibly claimed to support its mission, thus his secret change of heart dealt a serious blow to Selim III's ambitions.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
This agreement encouraged the violence against the New Order as they faced attacks on their supply lines and received no provisional support from the towns and cities along their path. The threat of large scale civil war also loomed on the horizon as Rumelian ayans rallied their forces which the French ambassador to Istanbul, Horace Sébastiani, estimated to number around 80,000 men.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
Against these obstacles, New Order troops were forced to halt their progress in Havsa in mid-July, after fighting a force of Janissaries, before retreating to the town of Çorlu in the east where further retreat was only prevented by the appearance of Selim III himself. Even there though, they were only able to enter the town after besieging it. As the situation worsened the Porte became distinctly aware of the danger that the incident presented and began to close dozens of coffee shops in the capital in an attempt to prevent the rebellion from spreading into Istanbul.


1806 Edirne incident, Incident
In mid-August, Ismail of Ruse was assassinated on his farm by an associate and while welcome news to the New Order, Selim III, on September 19, ultimately decided to order his troops to leave Silivri and return to Istanbul. Due to mediation spearheaded by local ayan, and suspected rebel, Ismail of Serres, an escalation in the conflict was prevented.


1806 Edirne incident, The Aftermath
Though the center attempted to spin the return of the New Order as an example of Selim III's generosity to his subjects in avoiding a civil war, it was in fact an incredible humiliation for the Sultan and a deathblow for his ambitions of centralization and reform. Following the incident, a reshuffling of the cabinet occurred with collaborators as well as "New Orderist" officials replaced by more conciliatory figures. The Grand Vizier was replaced by the Agha of the Janissaries Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha, the Grand Mufti dismissed, and Kadi Abdurrahman Pasha dismissed. No serious attempts were made after this point by the Sultan to expand the New Order which was eventually disbanded during his deposition in a futile attempt to appease the rebels.


1806 English cricket season
1806 was the 20th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The first two Gentlemen v Players matches took place but the fixture was not revived until 1819.


1806 English cricket season, Further reading
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1806 Georgia's at-large congressional district special elections
There were two special elections in Georgia's at-large congressional district in 1806; one on September 15, 1806 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph Bryan (DR) earlier that year, and the other sometime before December 6, 1806 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas Spalding (DR) earlier that year.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane
The 1806 Great Coastal hurricane was a severe and damaging storm along the East Coast of the United States which produced upwards of 36 in (91 cm) of rainfall in parts of Massachusetts. First observed east of the Lesser Antilles on 17 August, the hurricane arrived at the Bahamas by 19 August. The disturbance continued to drift northward and made landfall at the mouth of the Cape Fear River in North Carolina on 22 August.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane
The storm soon moved out to sea as a Category 2-equivalent hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, persisting off of New England before dissipating south of Nova Scotia on 25 August as a markedly weaker storm. Several French and British military ships were damaged out at sea. In the Carolinas, salt, sugar, rice, and lumber industries suffered considerably, and several individuals were killed. Wharves and vessels endured moderate damage, with many ships wrecked on North Carolinan barrier islands.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane
A majority of the deaths caused by the hurricane occurred aboard the Rose-in-Bloom offshore of Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, with 21 of the ship's 48 passengers killed and $171,000 (1806 USD) in damage to its cargo. Upon arriving in New England, reports indicated extreme rainfall, though no deaths were reported; in all, the hurricane killed more than 24 individuals along the entirety of its track.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Meteorological history
The Great Coastal hurricane of 1806 was first noted far east of the Lesser Antilles on 17 August. Weather historian David M. Ludlum followed the disturbance's track to the Bahamas by 19 August; intense winds persisted until 21 August, however, approximately 150 mi (240 km) east of the Bahamian island of Eleuthera. Steering currents brought the storm northward, and it approached Charleston, South Carolina on 22 August, where a generally easterly flow preceded the storm indicated its passage far east of the city.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Meteorological history
The hurricane made landfall at the mouth of the Cape Fear River in North Carolina later that day, though the earliest impacts from the storm started several days earlier, with gusts initially toward the northeast but later curving southwestward. Reports of similar wind shifts throughout the region suggested that the gale persisted, stationary, for several hours. It eventually moved back out to sea while south of Norfolk, Virginia, departing the region on 24 August. The hurricane maintained 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) while offshore, equivalent to a Category 2 system on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. While offshore New England, the gale featured a swath of winds 90 mi (150 km) wide, and was last observed just south of Nova Scotia on 25 August slightly weaker, with sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
The hurricane damaged several vessels while still drifting at sea, dispersing and damaging Jérôme Bonaparte's fleet and dismasting the 74-gun French ship of the line Impétueux, which later landed near Cape Henry.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
In Charleston, South Carolina, the hurricane washed aground several ships and uprooted numerous trees, though damage to the city harbor was minimal. The lighthouse on North Island flanking Winyah Bay collapsed under high winds, and in Georgetown proper, the hurricane was considered to be the worst since the 1804 Antigua–Charleston hurricane, despite its storm surge being of a lesser size. A cotton field covering 94 acres was ruined nearby. At Smithville, North Carolina, numerous ships experienced damage, while considerable destruction to structures was observed, with many wharves wrecked.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
Meanwhile, at Wilmington, the hurricane inflicted widespread damage, with many wharves severely damaged, and significant losses sustained by salt, sugar, rice, and lumber industries. The gable sections of three masonry houses were destroyed by wind or water, and wooden houses suffered especially badly, with many obliterated and those under construction flattened. One individual died after a wall collapsed and several slaves were killed, one by drowning, at local plantations. At Bald Head Island, the United States Revenue Cutter Service vessel Governor Williams was stripped of its foremast and subsequently ran ashore before being repaired and continuing on its journey.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
A second boat owned by the agency, the Diligence, was tethered at port in Wilmington and endured no damage; similarly, little impact occurred at New Bern. Throughout the storm, several vessels and supplies of stranded sailors were driven aground along the North Carolinan coast. On the Bogue Banks, the remains of the Adolphus and Atlantic were discovered, and at the Core Banks, a dead body was washed ashore, partially eaten by fish.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
Moderate damage occurred upon the hurricane's arrival in Norfolk, Virginia. Winds toppled a number of newly built structures and chimneys, uprooted trees and fences, and washed two watercraft aground. After the storm, alterations to the shoreline around the Chesapeake Bay permitted the full establishment of a town at Willoughby Spit.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
The Rose-in-Bloom was caught in the hurricane while offshore of Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, en route to New York City from Charleston, but was struck by a large wave which overturned the ship, resulting in the deaths of 21 of its 48 passengers and the loss of $171,000 of its $180,000 (1806 USD) cargo. The vessel only barely stayed afloat, with 30 bales of cotton preventing it from sinking entirely; survivors were ferried to New York by the British brig Swift, which had then been traveling toward St. John's, Newfoundland.


1806 Great Coastal hurricane, Impact
The hurricane produced strong gusts within the vicinity of New York City, and at Belleville, New Jersey, several peach trees were defoliated and uprooted. Cape Cod, Massachusetts was struck by heavy rain and observed minor damage to its port. At Edgartown, meanwhile, an individual witnessed torrential rainfall, recording that a barrel was filled with 30 in (76 cm) of water, and estimating total rainfall reached 36 in (91 cm) there, where the storm devastated local crops and beached five cargo ships. At Brewster, meanwhile, severe damage to crops and salterns was noted, and 18 in (46 cm) of rainfall was recorded. Reports in Boston, however, indicate more modest rainfall amounts, with a precipitation rate of 0.40 in (1.0 cm) per hour noted.


1806 Maryland's 7th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Maryland's 7th congressional district on September 27 and October 4, 1806 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)


1806 Maryland's 7th congressional district special election, Election results
Lloyd took his seat in the 9th Congress on December 3, 1806, two days after the start of the 2nd session of the 9th Congress


1806 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district on November 27, 1806, to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Michael Leib (DR) on February 14, 1806.


1806 United Kingdom general election
The 1806 United Kingdom general election was the election of members to the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom. This was the second general election to be held after the Union of Great Britain and Ireland.


1806 United Kingdom general election
The general election took place in a situation of considerable uncertainty about the future of British politics, following the sudden death of William Pitt the Younger and the formation of the Ministry of all the Talents.


1806 United Kingdom general election
The second United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 24 October 1806. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 13 December 1806, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
Since the previous general election fighting in the Napoleonic Wars with France had resumed in 1803. Tory Prime Minister Henry Addington had resigned in 1804. William Pitt the Younger formed a new coalition of pro-government Whig and Tory politicians to prosecute the war.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The opposition Whigs, led by Charles James Fox, continued to oppose the government. They were strengthened by a group of Pitt's former supporters (such as his cousin William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville) who had aligned themselves with Fox in opposition to Addington after 1802 and who did not accompany Pitt and his other friends back to office in 1804.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
When Pitt died on 23 January 1806 a new ministry was formed by Grenville. It included Fox and Addington (now ennobled as the 1st Viscount Sidmouth) as well as other leading political figures of the day. However it did not include George Canning, who had inherited the leadership of Pitt's faction in the House of Commons or the Duke of Portland who led it in the House of Lords. This government was known as the Ministry of all the Talents.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
An attempt was made to end the Napoleonic Wars by negotiation. As this hope failed the war continued. Grenville also tried to strengthen the government, but was unable to persuade the Pittites to join him either as a body or by detaching some leading figures. The Prime Minister was not prepared to exclude Fox and his friends as the Pittites wanted.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
Lord Grenville then decided to hold a general election to strengthen his government. The King granted a dissolution.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The Talents were in office at the time of this election and continued after it, but the Ministry was weakened by the death of Fox on 13 September 1806. The election itself was a disappointment. In the eighteenth century a government with the King's backing could expect to make substantial gains at an election. However Pitt's financial reforms had weakened the ability of the Treasury to manipulate election results. Foord estimated that the Ministry only gained about thirty seats by the 1806 appeal to the country.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
The time between the first and last contested elections was 29 October to 17 December 1806.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.


1806 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country


1806 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
The 1806 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware was held on October 7, 1806, to elect the U.S. representative from Delaware's at-large congressional district. Incumbent Federalist James M. Broom faced re-election to a full term after winning the previous year's special election. He was challenged by three Democratic-Republicans.


1806 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Broom was re-elected with over 60% of the vote, with neither opponent coming close to unseating him.


1806 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
The Federalists ran a mixed ticket consisting of 2 Federalists (Aaron Ogden and John Beatty) and 4 Democratic-Republicans (William Helms, Ebenezer Elmer, George Maxwell, and Adam Boyd), one of whom (William Helms) was also on the Democratic-Republican ticket. The Federalists capitalized on resentment over the replacement on the official Democratic-Republican ticket of Ebenezer Elmer, from South Jersey, with Thomas Newbold from Monmouth County and the retention of James Sloan. This ticket was formed too late to gain sufficient support, but the Federalists did do much better in state elections that year than they had in previous elections.


1806 United States House of Representatives election in Ohio
Ohio elected its member October 14, 1806. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans, but from election articles published in The Scioto Gazette it was suggested that James Pritchard was the candidate of the Ohio Quids and that in a few counties, notably Columbiana and Jefferson, he was also supported by the Federalists.


1806 United States House of Representatives election in Ohio, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island
Rhode Island elected its members August 26, 1806. Rhode Island law required a majority of votes to win. In this election, only one candidate won a majority on the first ballot, and so a run-off election was required to choose the second seat.


1806 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 29 to May 1, 1806, to elect 17 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 10th United States Congress.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
17 U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1804 to a term in the 9th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1805. Samuel L. Mitchill and Daniel D. Tompkins had resigned their seats, and George Clinton, Jr., and Gurdon S. Mumford were elected to fill the vacancies. The representatives' term would end on March 3, 1807. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April 1806, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1807, and about a year and a half before Congress actually met on October 26, 1807.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
After the U.S. census of 1800, New York's representation in the House was increased to 17 seats. On March 30, 1802, the New York State Legislature had re-apportioned the congressional districts, dividing New York County seemingly at random into two districts. After the election of one Democratic-Republican and one Federalist in 1802, the Dem.-Rep. majority in the State Legislature gerrymandered the two districts together in an Act passed on March 20, 1804, so that two congressmen would be elected on a general ticket by the voters of both districts, assuring the election of two Democratic-Republicans.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Three new counties had been created since the last elections in 1804: Inside the 15th D., Jefferson Co. was split off from Oneida Co.; in the 16th D., Madison Co. from Chenango Co.; and in the 17th D., Allegany Co. from Genesee Co. The area of the districts remained the same.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
14 Clintonians, 2 Federalists and 1 Lewisite were elected. The incumbents Mumford, Clinton, Van Cortlandt, Blake, Verplanck, Van Rensselaer, Masters, Thomas and Russell were re-elected; the incumbents Sailly, Tracy and Halsey were defeated.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
Note: The Anti- Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
At this time, the Democratic-Republican Party was split into two factions: the "Clintonians" led by DeWitt Clinton, and the "Lewisites" led by Governor Morgan Lewis.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special election
The House of Representatives of the 10th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on October 26, 1807, and Blake, Gardenier, Harris, Humphrey, Kirkpatrick, Masters, Riker, Russell, Swart, Thomas Thompson, Van Alen, Van Cortlandt, Van Rensselaer and Verplanck took their seats on this day. Mumford took his seat on November 2, and Clinton on February 1, 1808.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special election
David Thomas was appointed New York State Treasurer on February 5, 1808, and resigned his seat. His letter of resignation was read in the House on February 17. A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the annual State election in April 1808, and was won by Nathan Wilson, of the same party. Wilson took his seat on November 7, 1808.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina, Notes
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1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Pennsylvania were held on October 14, 1806 for the 10th Congress.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Background
In the previous elections, 17 Democratic-Republicans and 1 Federalist had been elected to represent Pennsylvania. There were two subsequent special elections which did not result in any seats changing parties. One seat held by a Democratic-Republican had become vacant and was not yet filled at the time of the election.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Background
As in the previous election, there was a breakaway faction of the Democratic-Republican Party allied with the Federalists known as the tertium quids or Constitutional Republicans, which ran candidates in several districts. Several of the elected quids aligned with the Federalists on the federal level.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Pennsylvania was divided into 11 districts, of which four were plural districts with 11 Representatives between them, with the remaining 7 Representatives elected from single-member districts. The districts were:


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Note: Many of these counties covered much larger areas than they do today, having since been divided into smaller counties


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Election results
Fifteen incumbents (14 Democratic-Republicans and the sole Federalist) ran for re-election, of whom eleven won re-election. The incumbents Isaac Anderson (DR) and Christian Lower (DR), both of the 2nd district did not run for re-election and one seat in the 1st district was vacant, the previous incumbent Michael Leib (DR) having resigned February 14, 1806. Two seats changed from Democratic-Republican to Federalist control.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Special election
Joseph Clay (DR) of the 1st district resigned March 18, 1808. A special election was held October 11, 1808, the same day as the 1808 general elections.


1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont, Notes
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1806 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1806 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held from December 9 to 16, 1806. Andrew Gregg was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.


1806 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Results
Incumbent Democratic-Republican George Logan, who was elected in a special election in 1801, was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 9, 1806, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1807. Four ballots were recorded over the next week. The results of the fourth and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:


1806 United States elections
The 1806 United States elections occurred in the middle of Democratic-Republican President Thomas Jefferson's second term, during the First Party System. Members of the 10th United States Congress were chosen in this election. Neither chamber saw significant partisan change, with the Democratic-Republicans retaining a commanding majority in both the House and Senate.


1806 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1806, in 10 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections.


1806 United States gubernatorial elections
Five governors were elected by popular vote and five were elected by state legislatures.


1806 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1806 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place throughout September, and resulted in the re-election of Isaac Tichenor to a one-year term.


1806 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Middlebury on October 9. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to examine the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council.


1806 Vermont gubernatorial election
The committee's examination of the votes showed that Governor Isaac Tichenor was chosen for a tenth one-year term. In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected Paul Brigham for an eleventh one-year term. Benjamin Swan was elected to his seventh one-year term as treasurer.


1806 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the races for lieutenant governor and treasurer, the vote totals and names of other candidates were not recorded. According to a contemporary newspaper report, the vote totals for governor were as follows.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 10th Congress were held at various dates in each state between April 29, 1806 (in New York) and August 4, 1807 (in Tennessee) during Thomas Jefferson's second term with the new Congress meeting on October 26, 1807.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections
The Democratic-Republicans continued to build on their huge supermajority. They were actually able to take over two more seats than they had in the previous Congress, which they controlled by a margin of better than three to one. Commitment to agrarian policy allowed the Democratic-Republicans to dominate rural districts, which represented the bulk of the nation. On the other hand, supporters of the Federalists, even in their traditional base of support in the urban centers of coastal New England, continued to lament the ineffectiveness of their party and its lack of electoral appeal.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections
There were special elections in 1806 and 1807 during the 9th United States Congress and 10th United States Congress.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, New Jersey
New Jersey elected its members October 14–15, 1806. The Federalists ran a mixed ticket consisting of 2 Federalists (Aaron Ogden and John Beatty) and 4 Democratic-Republicans (William Helms, Ebenezer Elmer, George Maxwell, and Adam Boyd), one of whom (William Helms) was also on the Democratic-Republican ticket. The Federalists capitalized on resentment over the replacement on the official Democratic-Republican ticket of Ebenezer Elmer, from South Jersey, with Thomas Newbold from Monmouth County and the retention of James Sloan. This ticket was formed too late to gain sufficient support, but the Federalists did do much better in state elections that year than they had in previous elections.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, New York
New York elected representatives to the 10th Congress on April 29 – May 1, 1806. This was the second and last election in which Districts 2 and 3 were elected on a joint ticket. New York redistricted in the next election.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio
Ohio elected its member October 14, 1806. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans, but from election articles published in The Scioto Gazette it was suggested that James Pritchard was the candidate of the Ohio Quids and that in a few counties, notably Columbiana and Jefferson, he was also supported by the Federalists.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, Rhode Island
Rhode Island elected its members August 26, 1806. Rhode Island law required a majority of votes to win. In this election, only one candidate won a majority on the first ballot, and so a run-off election was required to choose the second seat.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, Tennessee
Tennessee elected its members August 3–4, 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, Virginia
Virginia elected its members in April 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.


1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections, Non-voting delegates
As in the previous congress, there were three territories with non-voting delegates in the 10th Congress. In Indiana Territory, the legislature elected the delegate. The source used did not have information about Mississippi or Orleans Territory. Mississippi used popular election in 1808, while Orleans Territory elected its delegate by the legislature in 1808, suggesting Orleans probably used legislative election this year, too.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections
The United States Senate elections of 1806 and 1807 were elections that had the Democratic-Republican Party increase its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional Senator. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections, Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections, Georgia, Georgia (Special, Class 2)
Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.


1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections, Georgia, Class 3
Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.


1806 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1806 in Australia.


1806 in Canada, Historical documents
"Saakies" (Sauks?) and Potawatomi seek help against encroachment on their lands from U.S.A.; their request is deferred


1806 in Canada, Historical documents
Chief Joseph Brant asks to welcome new Upper Canada lieutenant governor with "leading chiefs and principal warriors" of Grand River


1806 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1806 in Chile.


1806 in New Zealand
Sealing continues at Bass Strait and the Antipodes Islands. At the end of the year there is a new sealing rush to the Bounty and Auckland Islands. Few sealers, if any, are known to have visited the Foveaux Strait area at this time, although this may be due in part to the secrecy of the captains and owners in reporting where they operate and/or the existence of the Strait not yet being widely known. Whaling continues off the east coast of the North Island. Ships are now visiting the Bay of Islands on a reasonably regular basis. The first reports about the poor behaviour of ships crews are sent to the Church Missionary Society in London.


1806 in New Zealand
Between 1800 and 1806, £200,000 worth of whale oil is taken from the New Zealand area by British whaling ships operating from Sydney.


1806 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1806 in South Africa.


1806 in Spain
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1806 in Sweden
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1806 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1806 to Wales and its people.


1806 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1806.


1806 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1806.


1806 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1806 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1806 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1806 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1806.


1806 in science
The year 1806 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1806 in sports
1806 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1806–1807 Massachusetts legislature
The 27th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1806 and 1807 during the governorship of Caleb Strong. John Bacon served as president of the Senate and Perez Morton served as speaker of the House.


1806−20 cluster
1806−20 (originally named the SGR 1806−20 cluster) is a heavily obscured star cluster on the far side of the Milky Way, approximately 50,000 light-years distant. It contains the soft gamma repeater SGR 1806−20 and the luminous blue variable hypergiant LBV 1806−20, a candidate for the most luminous star in the Milky Way. LBV 1806−20 and many of the other massive stars in the cluster are thought likely to end as supernovas in a few million years, leaving only neutron stars or black holes as remnants.


1806−20 cluster
The cluster is heavily obscured by intervening dust, and mostly visible in the infrared. It is part of the larger W31 H II region and giant molecular cloud. It has a compact core of ~0.2 pc in diameter with a more extended halo of ~2 pc in diameter containing the LBV and at least three Wolf–Rayet stars (of types WC8, WN6, and WN7) and an OB supergiant, plus other young massive stars.


1807
1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1807th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 807th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 7th  year of the 19th century, and the  8th   year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1807, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1807 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1807 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on April 9, 1807. Incumbent Federalist Governor Jonathan Trumbull Jr. won re-election to a tenth full term, defeating Democratic-Republican candidate William Hart in a re-match of the previous year's election.


1807 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1807 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on October 6, 1807.


1807 Delaware gubernatorial election
Incumbent Federalist Governor Nathaniel Mitchell was not eligible for re-election under the Delaware Constitution of 1792.


1807 Delaware gubernatorial election
Federalist nominee George Truitt defeated Democratic-Republican nominee Joseph Haslet with 51.94% of the vote.


1807 Delaware gubernatorial election, Bibliography
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1807 Delaware's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in Delaware's at-large congressional district on October 6, 1807 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of James M. Broom (F)


1807 Delaware's at-large congressional district special election, Background
In 1806, James M. Broom (F) was re-elected to a second term in Delaware's at-large district. He'd won his first term in a special election caused by James A. Bayard's election to the Senate. However, Broom did not serve this second term, instead resigning as well, before the start of the Tenth Congress. A special election was held for his replacement.


1807 English cricket season
1807 was the 21st season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). John Willes of Kent first tried to revive the idea of "straight-armed" (i.e., roundarm) bowling, which had originated with Tom Walker in the 1790s.


1807 English cricket season, Further reading
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1807 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Massachusetts's 12th congressional district in 1807 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Barnabas Bidwell (DR), who had been appointed Massachusetts Attorney General on July 13 of that year.


1807 New York gubernatorial election
The 1807 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1807 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Despite losing New York City 1,673 votes to 1,807, Daniel D. Tompkins defeated incumbent Morgan Lewis.


1807 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The Clintonian faction of the Democratic-Republican Party nominated associate justice of the New York Supreme Court of Judicature Daniel D. Tompkins. They nominated incumbent John Broome for Lieutenant Governor.


1807 New York gubernatorial election, Candidates
The Lewisite faction of the Democratic-Republican Party nominated incumbent Morgan Lewis. They nominated former Speaker of the New York State Assembly Thomas Storm for Lieutenant Governor.


1807 Newgate disaster
The 1807 Newgate disaster or the Old Bailey Accident of 1807 was a human crush that occurred outside London's Newgate Prison on 23 February 1807. The disaster occurred when part of a large, dense crowd gathered to witness a triple execution destabilised after being disturbed by a collapsing wooden cart, which triggered a chain of events leading to a fatal crowd crush. Many fatalities and severe injuries resulted, with newspapers reporting that at least 27 perished in the accident and one observer counting at least 34 dead.


1807 Newgate disaster, The condemned
The 1806 trials of John Holloway and Owen Haggerty at the Old Bailey for the slaying of John Cole Steele, a lavender nursery owner from London murdered in 1802, attracted much newspaper coverage and publicity. Both men were convicted of murder based on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of an accomplice, one Benjamin Hanfield, who claimed Holloway bludgeoned John Steele to death while the three were robbing him at Hounslow Heath.


1807 Newgate disaster, The condemned
Holloway and Haggerty were sentenced to be hanged at Newgate Prison alongside condemned murderer Elizabeth Godfrey (who fatally stabbed a man in a separate case), while Hanfield's punishment of transportation for a theft was dismissed for his testimony. Due to the perceived injustice of Holloway and Haggerty being sentenced to death based on such evidence, many contemporaries believed the pair were innocent and the ensuing outrage attracted a massive and rambunctious crowd to the public execution at Newgate Prison.


1807 Newgate disaster, The crowd
A crowd of around 40,000 had gathered in front of Newgate Prison near the Old Bailey on the morning of 23 February 1807 to witness Holloway and Haggerty's execution. People from as far as Hounslow and Bagshot came to observe the sentences be carried out, clambering onto carts, lampposts, and window ledges to spectate. "Not only the space in front of the Old Bailey, but all the windows and the tops of houses adjoining, were crowded with spectators, and the avenues to the remotest point..." The crowd had been so thick at the north side of the Old Bailey that its movements were compared to ocean waves.


1807 Newgate disaster, The disaster
John Holloway further excited the crowd by proclaiming en route to the scaffold "Gentlemen, I am quite innocent of this affair. I never was with Hanfield, nor do I know the spot. I will kneel and swear it." Around 08:06–08:08 the executioner pulled the lever and the hatch beneath Holloway, Haggerty, and Godfrey was dropped. The overheated, impatient spectators surged forward towards the scaffolding to obtain better views of the executions.


1807 Newgate disaster, The disaster
Observers from the corner of Green Arbor Lane were suddenly startled when the axletree of a wooden cart overloaded with people broke, collapsing the cart and knocking those on top of it to the ground. Subsequently, a pieman a few yards away dropped a large basket of merchandise in the uproar, falling while attempting to pick it up and then tripping others who were then trampled with him.


1807 Newgate disaster, The disaster
When the wooden cart collapsed, the spectators who had fallen off of it were crushed to death as the people behind the cart pushed forward to climb on top (either to watch the executions or escape the crush). The pressurised crowd pushed back against the cart, causing yet more carnage and possibly tripping the pieman who was just yards away. These dual-accidents startling the disorganised crowd on the relatively narrow street resulted in dozens of people being killed and many others being injured.


1807 Newgate disaster, The disaster
The scene lasted for over an hour as individuals slowly cleared out from the area, with a significant portion of the crowd remaining long after the executions were carried out. Once authorities had cleared out the remaining spectators there seemed to be around 100 injured or dead individuals lying in the street in front of Newgate Prison. Newspapers reported on death tolls between 20 and 30, but one contemporary account describes 34 dead and at least 15 serious injuries. The injured were taken to St Bartholomew's Hospital.


1807 Slovakia
1807 Slovakia, provisional designation 1971 QA, is a stony asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 August 1971, by Slovak astronomer Milan Antal at Skalnaté pleso Observatory in the High Tatras mountains of Slovakia and named after the Slovak Republic.


1807 Slovakia, Orbit and classification
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,213 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.


1807 Slovakia, Orbit and classification
It was first identified as 1928 UE at Heidelberg Observatory in 1928, extending the body's observation arc by 43 years prior to its official discovery observation at Skalnaté pleso.


1807 Slovakia, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Slovakia is a common stony S-type asteroid.


1807 Slovakia, Physical characteristics, Slow rotator
Slovakia has an exceptionally long rotation period of 308 hours with a high brightness variation of 1.10 magnitude (U=3-). The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) adopts a period of 308.6 hours with an amplitude of 1.1 magnitude.


1807 Slovakia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Slovakia measures 9.14 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.31, while CALL assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.40 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.5


1807 Slovakia, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of the now independent state of Slovakia (Slovak Republic), the country where the discovering observatory is located. At the time Slovakia was still part of the socialistic republic of Czechoslovakia that was formed after World War I and lasted until the end of the Cold War (also see 2315 Czechoslovakia). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 June 1973 (M.P.C. 3508).


1807 South Carolina's 6th congressional district special election
A special election was held in South Carolina's 6th congressional district June 1–2, 1807 to fill a vacancy left by the death of Levi Casey (DR) on February 3, 1807.


1807 South Carolina's 6th congressional district special election
Casey had been elected for a third term to the 10th United States Congress in the 1806 elections. His death left a vacancy for the remainder of the 9th Congress, which remained unfilled, as well as for the 10th Congress.


1807 South Carolina's 6th congressional district special election, Election results
Calhoun took his seat October 26, 1807, at the start of the 1st session of the 10th Congress.


1807 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1807 Tennessee gubernatorial election took place from August 6–7, 1807. Sevier won his final term as governor of Tennessee with 85.80% of the vote against Senator William Cocke.


1807 United Kingdom general election
The 1807 United Kingdom general election was the third general election to be held after the Union of Great Britain and Ireland.


1807 United Kingdom general election
The third United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 29 April 1807. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 22 June 1807, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
Following the 1806 election the Ministry of all the Talents, a coalition of the Foxite and Grenvillite Whig and Addingtonite Tory factions, with William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, as Prime Minister continued in office. It had attempted to end the Napoleonic Wars by negotiation. As this hope failed the war continued.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The faction formerly led by William Pitt the Younger, before his death in January 1806, were the major group in opposition to the Talents' Ministry. George Canning in the House of Commons and the Duke of Portland in the House of Lords were at the head of this opposition.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
Grenville and his cabinet lost the support of King George III by trying to legislate to permit Roman Catholics to serve as Army and Navy officers. When ministers refused to give the King written confirmation that they would not raise the Catholic issue again, he decided to find new servants.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The elderly Duke of Portland was asked to form a new ministry in March 1807. Portland had been the Whig Prime Minister before, in the 1780s, so now he described himself as the Whig Prime Minister of a Tory ministry.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
After Pitt's death the younger Pittites increasingly began calling themselves the Tory Party, whether they had previously belonged to the Whig or Tory tradition. This was an important stage in the development of a more organised two-party system, which reduced the influence of factions and connections in British politics.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The new ministers found it difficult to manage a House of Commons recently elected to support their opponents. A month into the new government the King granted a dissolution.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Political situation
The government policies of opposing Catholic relief and supporting the traditional powers of the King proved popular (at least with the restricted section of the population enfranchised in elections for the unreformed House of Commons). After the election the government programme was approved by a vote of 350 to 155 in the House of Commons, demonstrating the substantial gains ministers had made in the election.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Dates of election
The time between the first and last contested elections was 4 May to 9 June 1807.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.


1807 United Kingdom general election, Summary of the constituencies
Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country


1807 United Kingdom general election in Yorkshire
The county of Yorkshire was one of the constituencies that went to a poll during the general election of 1807. This was the first time Yorkshire had seen a contested election since 1741.


1807 United Kingdom general election in Yorkshire
The election is one of the most famous from the pre-reform era. It is most well known because of the amount of money spent, nearly £250,000 between the three candidates. This makes it the most costly election of any before 1832.


1807 United Kingdom general election in Yorkshire
The three contestants were: William Wilberforce, leader of the anti-slavery movement in Parliament and MP for Yorkshire since 1784; Henry Lascelles, son of Lord Harewood and representative of Yorkshire between 1796 and 1806; and Lord Milton, son of Earl FitzWilliam. Counties each returned two MPs so two of these three would be successful.


1807 United Kingdom general election in Yorkshire
Polling took place between 20 May and 5 June 1807. Wilberforce won with 11,808 votes whilst Milton gained the second seat with 11,177 votes. Lascelles came third with 10,990. This was only 187 fewer votes than Milton received.


1807 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
Tennessee elected its members August 3–4, 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.


1807 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
Virginia elected its members in April 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.


1807 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, Notes
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1807 United States Senate election in New York
The 1807 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 3, 1807, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.


1807 United States Senate election in New York, Background
John Smith had been elected to this seat in February 1804, after the resignation of DeWitt Clinton, replacing the temporarily appointed John Armstrong. Smith took his seat on February 23, 1804, and his term would expire on March 3, 1807.


1807 United States Senate election in New York, Background
At the State election in April 1806, the Democratic-Republican Party (D-R) won a large majority to the Assembly (82 D-R and 18 Federalist), and all 9 State Senate seats up for election. The 30th New York State Legislature met from January 27 to April 7, 1807, at Albany, New York.


1807 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates
The incumbent U.S. Senator John Smith ran for re-election as the candidate of the Democratic-Republican Party. At this time the Democratic-Republican Party was split in two factions: the "Lewisites" (allies of Governor Morgan Lewis), and the "Clintonians" (allies of Mayor of New York DeWitt Clinton). The Federalist Party which had no seats in the State Senate and only a small minority in the State Assembly was allied in State politics with the Lewisites, the smaller faction, thus forming a bloc large enough to outvote the Clintonians. Nevertheless, for the election of a U.S. Senator both Democratic-Republican factions united supporting Smith.


1807 United States Senate election in New York, Aftermath
John Smith served until the end of the term on March 3, 1813.


1807 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1807 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place throughout September, and resulted in the election of Israel Smith to a one-year term.


1807 Vermont gubernatorial election
The Vermont General Assembly met in Woodstock on October 8. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to examine the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council.


1807 Vermont gubernatorial election
The committee's examination of the votes showed that Israel Smith defeated incumbent Isaac Tichenor for a one-year term. In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected Paul Brigham for his twelfth one-year term. Benjamin Swan was elected to a one-year term as treasurer, his eighth.


1807 Vermont gubernatorial election
In the races for lieutenant governor and treasurer, the vote totals and names of other candidates were not recorded. In the race for governor, a contemporary newspaper article reported the results as follows.


1807 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1807 in Australia.


1807 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1807 in Chile.


1807 in Germany
Events from the year 1807 in Germany saw a major battle in Danzig and the loss of a third of Prussian land to Napolean to form the Duchy of Warsaw.


1807 in Iran
The following lists events that have happened in 1807 in the Qajar dynasty, Iran.


1807 in New Zealand
There is a new sealing rush to the Bounty and Auckland Islands. Sealing also continues at Bass Strait and the Antipodes Islands. Foveaux Strait is a frequent stop for these sealing ships. Whaling continues off the east coast of the North Island. Ships are now visiting the Bay of Islands on a reasonably regular basis. The first reports about the poor behaviour of visiting ship's crew are sent to the Church Missionary Society in London.


1807 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1807 in South Africa.


1807 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1807 to Wales and its people.


1807 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1807.


1807 in poetry
The world is too much with us; late and soon,


1807 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1807 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1807 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1807 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1807.


1807 in science
The year 1807 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1807 in sports
1807 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1807–1808 Massachusetts legislature
The 28th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1807 and 1808 during the governorship of James Sullivan. Samuel Dana served as president of the Senate and Perez Morton served as speaker of the House.


1808
1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1808th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 808th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 8th  year of the 19th century, and the  9th   year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1808, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1808 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1808 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on April 14, 1808. Incumbent Federalist Governor Jonathan Trumbull Jr. won re-election to an eleventh full term, defeating Democratic-Republican candidate William Hart in a re-match of the previous year's election.


1808 Connecticut gubernatorial election, Notes
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1808 English cricket season
1808 was the 22nd season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). George Osbaldeston made his debut in important matches.


1808 English cricket season, Further reading
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1808 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election
A special election was held in Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district on May 4, 1808 to fill a vacancy left by the death of Jacob Crowninshield (DR) on April 15, 1808.


1808 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election, Election results
Story ran unopposed and took his seat on December 20, 1808


1808 New Jersey's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in New Jersey's at-large congressional district on March 8, 1808 to fill a vacancy left by the death of Ezra Darby (DR) on January 27, 1808


1808 New York City Common Council election
Elections to the New York City Common Council were held in November 1808. The incumbent Democratic-Republican Party retained its majority but the Federalists gained one seat and increased their share of the vote in every ward.


1808 New York's 12th congressional district special election
A special election was held in New York's 12th congressional district on April 26–28, 1808 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation, on February 5, 1808, of David Thomas (DR), who had been appointed New York State Treasurer. This election was held at the same time as the 1808 Congressional elections. As New York had redistricted in the meantime, Thomas' former district no longer existed as a separate district, but was now a part of the 6th district. The special election was held in the territory of the old 12th district


1808 North Carolina's 7th congressional district special election
A special election was held in North Carolina's 7th congressional district on February 1, 1808. In the 1806 elections, John Culpepper (F) had defeated incumbent Duncan McFarlan (DR), but McFarlan contested the election, and, on January 2, 1808, the House Committee on Elections declared the seat vacant.


1808 North Carolina's 7th congressional district special election, Election results
Culpepper was thus returned to the House, resuming his seat on February 23, 1808.


1808 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1808 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 11, 1808. Incumbent governor Thomas McKean, a former Democratic Republican who had faced impeachment by members of his own party during the prior term, was not a candidate. Democratic-Republican candidate Simon Snyder, former Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives defeated Federalist candidate and former U.S. Senator James Ross to become Governor of Pennsylvania. Snyder, with the aid of a supportive press, campaigned as a "New School Democrat" and attempted to ally himself with James Madison. He painted the former McKean administration as elitist and advocated for popular democracy, governmental intervention in the economy, and infrastructural support for Western Pennsylvania counties.


1808 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Results
*Note: Although Spayd ran as a Federalist, Ross was the only Federalist to carry any counties, as shown on the map.


1808 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district on October 11, 1808 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Joseph Clay (DR) on March 28, 1808.


1808 Rhode Island's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in Rhode Island's at-large congressional district on August 30, 1808 to fill a vacancy resulting from the death of Nehemiah Knight (DR) on June 13, 1808. This election was held at the same time as the 1808 elections.


1808 Rhode Island's at-large congressional district special election, Election results
Jackson took his seat on November 11, 1808. Jackson also won election to the 11th Congress at the same time.


1808 United Kingdom heat wave
The 1808 United Kingdom heat wave was a period of exceptionally high temperatures during July 1808. In the Central England Temperature series, dating back to 1659, at the time it was the 2nd hottest July on record, the hottest since 1783. The month included some of the highest temperatures ever recorded in the UK.


1808 United Kingdom heat wave, Weather
July 1808 was the second hottest July on record, at the time with an extreme notable heatwave from the 12th to 15 July, peaking on the 13th and 14th. Temperatures above 36 °C (97 °F) were recorded in many areas on the 13th and 14th, with London reaching 38 °C (100 °F) on the 13th, with a possible reading of 41 °C (105 °F).


1808 United Kingdom heat wave, Weather
When the heatwave was coming to a close on the 15th, there were some very severe thunderstorms. These most severe of the storms affected Dorset, Somerset & Gloucestershire. However, a 59 miles (95 km) swath was also damaged between Bath and Bristol. Reports of hail stones up to 1 foot (300 mm) long were recorded in Somerset, with hailstones of a more general 70 to 100 millimetres (2.8 to 3.9 in) being reported as well. Ball Lightning was also observed in Gloucester, and was noted as destroying one of the pinnacles at the west end of Gloucester Cathedral. It is thought that this is one of the most severe hailstorms in the history of the United Kingdom, along with that of 1697.


1808 United Kingdom heat wave, Impacts
As a result of the hot temperatures and following thunderstorms, many people lost their lives, especially in the counties of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Northampton. Animals were also badly affected as a result of the hot weather, with 50 post horses dying as a result on the Great North Road alone. Farmers also struggled. Despite being able to harvest their crops early, other products melted quickly such as butter and honeycomb.


1808 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut, Notes
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1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky, Notes
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1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 26 to 28, 1808, to elect 17 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 11th United States Congress. At the same time, a vacancy was filled in the 10th United States Congress.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Background
17 U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1806 to a term in the 10th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1807. David Thomas had been elected New York State Treasurer in February 1808, and had resigned his seat, leaving a vacancy in the former 12th District. The other 16 representatives' term would end on March 3, 1809. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April 1808, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1809, and a little more than a year before Congress actually met on May 22, 1809.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
After the U.S. census of 1800, New York's representation in the House was increased to 17 seats. On March 30, 1802, the New York State Legislature had re-apportioned the congressional districts, dividing New York County seemingly at random into two districts. After the election of one Democratic-Republican and one Federalist in 1802, the Dem.-Rep. majority in the State Legislature gerrymandered the two districts together in an Act passed on March 20, 1804, so that two congressmen would be elected on a general ticket by the voters of both districts, assuring the election of two Democratic-Republicans. On April 8, 1808, the State Legislature re-apportioned the districts again, separating the 2nd and the 3rd District, and creating two districts with two seats each to be filled on a general ticket: the 2nd and the 6th.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
David Thomas had been elected in the old 12th District which had comprised only Washington Co., so the vacancy was filled by a special election held only in this county, while at the same time two representatives were elected on a general ticket in the new 6th District to which Washington Co. had been re-districted together with Columbia Co. and Rensselaer Co.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Due to the double-seat districts, there were then only 15 districts; the 16th and 17th were eliminated.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Congressional districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the above-mentioned counties.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
9 Democratic-Republicans and 8 Federalists were elected to the 11th Congress, and one Democratic-Republican to fill the vacancy in the 10th Congress. The incumbents Mumford, Gardenier, Van Rensselaer and Thompson were re-elected; the incumbents Van Alen and Harris were defeated.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Result
Note: The Anti- Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special election
Nathan Wilson took his seat in the 10th United States Congress on November 7, 1808.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special election
The House of Representatives of the 11th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on May 22, 1809, and Emott, Fisk, Gardenier, Gold, Knickerbocker, Livingston, Nicholson, Porter, Sage, Sammons, Thompson, Tracy and Van Rensselaer took their seats on this day. Mathews took his seat on May 23; Mumford on May 24; and Root on June 7.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, Aftermath and special election
William Denning never took his seat, and resigned. A special election to fill the vacancy was held at the annual State election in April 1810, and was won by Samuel L. Mitchill, of the same party. Mitchill, a former U.S. Representative (1801–1804) and U.S. Senator (1804–1809), took his seat on December 4, 1810.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Elections to the United States House of Representatives in Pennsylvania were held October 11, 1808 for the 11th Congress.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Background
Eighteen Representatives had been elected in the previous election, 15 Democratic-Republicans and 3 Federalists. All three Federalists and two of the Democratic-Republicans were quids, an alliance of moderate Democratic-Republicans and Federalists. One seat held by a Democratic-Republican had become vacant prior to this election and was filled in a special election held at the same time as this election.


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Pennsylvania was divided into 11 districts, of which four were plural districts with 11 Representatives between them, with the remaining 7 Representatives elected from single-member districts. The districts were:


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Luzerne County's western border was altered between the 1806 and 1808 elections, altering the boundary between the 2nd and 5th districts


1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, Congressional districts
Note: Many of these counties covered much larger areas than they do today, having since been divided into smaller counties