15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Election, Results
The Speaker recognised TNA leader R. Sampanthan as Leader of the Opposition on 3 September 2015. JVP leader Anura Kumara Dissanayaka was nominated to be Chief Opposition Whip.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Election, Results
The Parliament became a Constitutional Assembly on 9 March 2016 in order to formulate a new constitution for Sri Lanka.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Election, Results
Thilanga Sumathipala resigned as Deputy Speaker on 25 May 2018. His replacement Ananda Kumarasiri was elected on 5 June 2018.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Election, Results
Following the withdrawal of the UPFA from the national government, Mahinda Rajapaksa and Mahinda Amaraweera were recognised as Leader of the Opposition and Chief Opposition Whip on 18 December 2018.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government
On 20 August 2015 the central committee of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), the main constituent of the UPFA, agreed to form a national government with the UNP for two years. Ranil Wickremesinghe, leader of the UNP, was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 August 2015. Immediately afterwards a memorandum of understanding to work together in Parliament was signed by acting SLFP general secretary Duminda Dissanayake and UNP general secretary Kabir Hashim. On 3 September Parliament voted by 143 votes (101 UNFGG, 40 UPFA, 1 EPDP, 1 SLMC) to 16 votes (11 UPFA, 5 JVP), with 63 absent (43 UPFA, 16 TNA, 3 UNFGG, 1 JVP), to approve the formation of a national government.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government
Three UNFGG cabinet ministers were sworn in on 24 August 2015. A further 39 cabinet ministers, 28 from the UNFGG and 11 from the UPFA, were sworn in on 4 September 2015. Three more cabinet ministers, one from the UNFGG and two from the UPFA, were sworn in on 9 September 2015. 19 state ministers (11 UNFGG, 8 UPFA) and 21 deputy ministers (11 UNFGG, 10 UPFA) were also sworn in on 9 September 2015. Two more deputy ministers, both from the UPFA, were sworn in on 10 September 2015. A further cabinet minister from the UPFA was sworn in on 23 October 2015. A further cabinet minister from the UNFGG was sworn in on 25 February 2016. A UPFA state minister and two deputy ministers (one UNFGG, one UPFA) were sworn in on 6 April 2016.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government, Constitutional crisis
The UPFA withdrew from the national government on 26 October 2018. President Maithripala Sirisena, leader of the UPFA, dismissed Prime Minister Wickremesinghe and replaced him with former President Mahinda Rajapaksa. The following day Sirisena prorogued Parliament. A constitutional crisis ensued as the UNP refused to accept changes, describing them as unconstitutional, illegal and a coup. Over the next few days Sirisena appointed a new cabinet consisting of MPs from the UPFA, EPDP and defections from the UNP.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government, Constitutional crisis
Despite the defections the UPFA could not muster the support of a majority of MPs and with the TNA, which held the balance of power in Parliament, announcing that it would support a motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Rajapaksa, Sirisena dissolved parliament on 9 November 2018 and called fresh elections for 5 January 2019. The UNP, TNA, JVP and several others challenged the dissolution in the Supreme Court which on 13 November 2018 issued a stay on the dissolution until 7 December 2018.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government, Constitutional crisis
Parliament re-convened on 14 November 2018 when 122 (100 UNFGG, 14 TNA, 6 JVP, 2 UPFA) out of 225 MPs supported the motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Rajapaksa. Sirisena and the UPFA refused to accept the motion of no confidence, saying that Speaker Karu Jayasuriya had not followed parliamentary procedures. On 16 November 2018 parliament passed an amended motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Rajapaksa with the support of 122 MPs. Sirisena rejected the second the motion of no confidence as well, saying that he would not re-appoint Wickremesinghe as prime minister.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government, Constitutional crisis
On 3 December 2018, following a quo warranto petition filed by 122 MPs, the Court of Appeal issued an interim order restraining Rajapaksa and 48 ministers from functioning. On 12 December 2018  117 MPs, including 14 from the TNA, supported a motion of confidence in Wickremesinghe. A seven-bench Supreme Court unanimously ruled on 13 December 2018 that Sirisena's dissolution of parliament on 9 November 2018 was unconstitutional and null, void ab initio and without force or effect in law.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Government, Constitutional crisis
The following day a three-bench Supreme Court refused to vacate the Court of Appeal's interim order but allowed for a full appeal to be heard in mid January 2019. Rajapaksa resigned as Prime Minister on 15 December 2018. Wickremesinghe was sworn in as Prime Minister the following day, ending the crisis.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Composition
The following are the changes in party and alliance affiliations for the 15th parliament.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Composition
Light shading indicates majority (113 seats or more); dark shading indicates two-thirds majority (150 seats or more); no shading indicates minority government.


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Composition
The 15th parliament saw a number of defections and counter-defections:


15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, Members, Deaths, resignations and disqualifications
The 15th parliament saw the following deaths, resignations and disqualifications:


15th Parliament of Turkey
The 15th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 14 October 1973 to 5 June 1977. There were 450 MPs in the lower house. Republican People’s Party (CHP) held the plurality. Justice Party (AP) was the next party. National Salvation Party (MSP), Democratic Party (DP), Republican Reliance Party (CGP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) Turkey Unity Party (TBP) were the other parties.


15th Parliament of Turkey, Main parliamentary milestones
Some of the important events in the history of the parliament are the following:


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
The 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, known as the Anderson Cavalry and the 160th Volunteers, was a three-year cavalry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was recruited and formed in the summer of 1862 by officers and men of the Anderson Troop, an independent company of the Pennsylvania Volunteers that had been mustered the previous November.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
Until the last three months of the war the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry was an independent unit reporting directly to the headquarters of the Army of the Cumberland, performing escort, scouting, courier and other details for the commanding general. Composed of hand-picked men most of whom were qualified to receive commissions, it became the favorite unit of both Generals William S. Rosecrans and George H. Thomas.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History
The regiment of 1100 men in ten companies was raised by officers of the Anderson Troop in July and August 1862 from more than 3,000 applicants representing 30 Pennsylvania counties. The average age of the recruits was 20 and all had been required to submit letters of recommendation from upstanding citizens of their local communities. After the first 200 men reported to "Camp Alabama" at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, six companies (B through G) were mustered into United States service by a captain of the regular 1st Cavalry on August 22. Anderson Troop was to have become Company A, but the consolidation never took place and Company A was raised from recruits in October 1862. The Anderson Cavalry, as the regiment was immediately known, was authorized to wear a distinctive dragoon-style shell jacket with orange trimming instead of cavalry yellow.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Antietam campaign
Partially organized, without any commissioned officers except their prospective colonel Capt. William J. Palmer, and equipped only with sabers, half of the 900 soldiers then in camp were sent to help the Army of the Potomac resist the Confederate Invasion of Maryland. Approximately 400 men, provided horses and carbines, were scattered as pickets, skirmished with Confederates near Hagerstown and participated in the Battle of Antietam, where one trooper was killed. Palmer was captured after the battle while scouting for General George B. McClellan behind the lines.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Army of the Cumberland
The 15th returned to Camp Alabama for drilling by non-commissioned regulars stationed there. On November 7, 1862, it left Carlisle by railroad for the Department of the Cumberland under its lieutenant colonel, William Spencer, traveling over a period of three days to Louisville, Kentucky, via Indianapolis, Indiana. There it drilled and was mounted and equipped on November 22.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Army of the Cumberland
Only 12 of 36 company officers had yet been appointed, all by Department Commanding General William Rosecrans upon their arrival in Louisville, and only two-thirds of the non-commissioned officers had been named, so that widespread discontent with the lack of leadership spread through the regiment when it was sent on December 8 to Nashville, Tennessee.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Army of the Cumberland
Making its march mounted and in inclement weather, when it reached Bowling Green, Kentucky, it was sent on an all-night march to Glasgow, Kentucky, where Confederate General John Hunt Morgan was reported camped with part of his regiment, but when the Anderson Cavalry charged into the town at dawn Morgan had left an hour before. The 15th remained in Bowling Green until December 21, reaching Nashville and the Army of the Cumberland late on the afternoon of December 24.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Army of the Cumberland
Lt-Col. Spencer, who had been Palmer's first lieutenant in the Anderson Troop and had previously served 15 years as a sergeant in the regulars, became too ill to take to saddle and command of the still partially organized regiment devolved to the senior major (and former first sergeant), Adolph G. Rosengarten.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Mutiny at Nashville
The regiment was ordered to march with the army on December 26, 1862, towards the Confederate Army of Tennessee at Murfreesboro, but all but 300 of the enlisted men refused to leave camp. On December 28, Rosecrans took 23 more men from the Anderson Troop previously recommended for commissions and made them temporary officers to address the complaints of the disgruntled soldiers regarding lack of leadership. 200 troopers still refused a new order to march the next day, however.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Mutiny at Nashville
Rosecrans then ordered a show of force be made by the division of Gen. James D. Morgan, part of the garrison at Nashville, to compel obedience. 100 of the men in camp moved to the front of their own volition before a show of force could be made. Rather than apply duress with the insubordinate soldiers, Morgan used a promise that they would meet with Rosecrans to induce the remainder to leave camp under the command of the lieutenant colonel of the 10th Illinois Volunteers. That evening however, after encountering a brigade of Wheeler's Confederate cavalry and a battery of artillery blocking the road at La Vergne, they returned to their original camp in Nashville. On December 31 those in camp were ordered to perform wagon train escort duty but again refused.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Mutiny at Nashville
415 soldiers were arrested and confined for insubordination. They submitted a list of grievances as cause, alleging a failure to appoint a sufficient number of company officers (which was true; seven companies had no captain and four had no officers at all), being improperly mustered into federal service (or not at all), inadequate equipment and weapons, and enlistment inducements they claimed had not been honored. On January 19, 1863, Rosecrans offered to release from confinement those immediately willing to be restored to duty. 208 confined in the city workhouse still refused, but the others were returned to the ranks. Those returning to duty did so with recalcitrance and four were returned to confinement when they refused to perform picket duty.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Battle of Stones River
The 300 troopers who had marched with the army scouted the advance of the Union right wing, determining that the Confederate army was concentrating on Murfreesboro. It twice encountered Confederate forces, skirmishing with dismounted Texas cavalry units at Nolensville on December 27. In the second engagement, on December 29 at Wilkinson's Cross Roads west of Murfreesboro, its skirmishers were ambushed by Confederate pickets of the 10th South Carolina Infantry, leading to an impetuous mounted charge with carbines by the battalion under Rosengarten.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Battle of Stones River
However two regiments of Confederates concealed in a corn field were drawn up in line of battle behind a fence paralleling the pike. Stopped by the fence and receiving aimed volleys of musket fire at point-blank range, the regiment quickly lost 11 men killed, 50 wounded and 9 missing. Rosengarten was killed and Major Frank B. Ward, another former sergeant in the Anderson Troop, was mortally wounded, dying on January 11, 1863. Ward was barely 20 at the time he was wounded.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Battle of Stones River
Under the command of a captain, the survivors of the regiment deployed with Stanley's cavalry on the right of the Union position, taking part without loss in two mounted saber charges late on the first day of the Battle of Stones River that drove a brigade of Confederate cavalry from the field, with troopers of the Anderson Cavalry capturing the colors of the 3rd Alabama Cavalry. On New Year's Day it escorted the army's supply wagons back to Nashville, repulsing several attempts by the Confederate cavalry of Gen. Joseph Wheeler to destroy the train.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Stones River campaign, Battle of Stones River
Privates John Tweedale (Company B) and John Gregory Bourke (Company D, and just 16 years old), both of whom became officers in the regular army after the war, were later honored for gallantry at Stones River, two of the six troopers of the Anderson Cavalry who eventually received the Medal of Honor. In the week after it arrived in Nashville, total casualties of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry were 14 dead, 10 wounded, and 57 captured, many of whom had been wounded on December 29 and were in a hospital captured early on the first day of battle at Stones River.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, 1863 reorganization
Colonel Palmer was exchanged in January 1863 and resumed command of the now dismounted regiment on February 7. It moved it into a new camp at Murfreesboro, Camp Garesché, named for Rosecrans' chief of staff killed at Stones River, where Palmer assembled his command and promised it a complete reorganization by the end of the month. Nine of the 12 company officers originally appointed by Rosecrans resigned February 27 and were not re-appointed. The regiment was expanded to 12 companies with the old companies broken up and the men redistributed. Palmer chose permanent officers to fill all vacancies, the majority of whom came from the enlisted ranks of the Anderson Troop and had been serving as temporary officers since December 28.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, 1863 reorganization
A new lieutenant colonel from outside the regiment, Charles B. Lamborn, arrived on March 7 to replace Spencer, who resigned in poor health on February 6. A few days later new equipment was issued and 200 horses received. Mounted drill resumed and by April the regiment was again conducting scouting operations for the Army of the Cumberland east of Murfreesboro. The remaining 212 confined men were returned to duty with charges against them suspended on condition of good behavior henceforth. A final organizational crisis occurred on May 8, 1863, when 13 officers appointed on March 1 resigned as a group because their commissions from Pennsylvania Governor A. G. Curtin had not yet been acted upon. Palmer accepted the resignations and promoted replacements from the ranks of the regiment.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, Department of the Cumberland
For the remainder of the war, the 15th Pennsylvania remained in the Department of the Cumberland, with Companies B, H, and K tasked as escort for department headquarters. The remaining nine companies scouted, conducted periodic raids, and frequently engaged in skirmishes under Palmer. The regiment performed with distinction during the Tullahoma Campaign and at the Battle of Chickamauga, and then participated in the Chattanooga, Knoxville and Nashville Campaigns.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, Department of the Cumberland
At Chattanooga the Andersons were initially camped at Cameron Hill, but the loss of their wagons to Wheeler's cavalry while foraging for fodder on October 2 resulted in the 15th Pennsylvania moving to the Sequatchie Valley, where corn, cattle and pigs were plentiful. Camping near Dunlap in October and Pikeville for the remainder of the winter, the Andersons performed picket duties and gathered forage, particularly beef for the army and corn for its horses and mules.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, Department of the Cumberland
The relief of Knoxville began a 70-day winter campaign in upper East Tennessee for Palmer, Lamborn and 175 men of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry, reinforced by a detachment of the 10th Ohio Cavalry and attached to the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Ohio. On December 10 near Gatlinburg they surprised a similarly-sized force of Confederate cavalry, many of whom were Cherokee, in its camp and forced them back over the mountains into North Carolina.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, Department of the Cumberland
Two weeks later on Christmas Eve the 15th Pennsylvania suffered a sharp reverse near Dandridge when the battalion was trapped momentarily in a fenced pocket during a skirmish. Ten troopers were captured and confined in Andersonville Prison, where half of them perished. Five days later, on nearly the same ground, the 15th Pennsylvania made two mounted charges during the Battle of Mossy Creek, contributing to the Union victory. The scouts made by the Anderson Cavalry were generally conducted at night and the regiment became known among the local, largely Unionist communities as "Palmer's Owls."


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, Department of the Cumberland
Winter campaigning was harsh on the regiment's horses. When it went into camp at Rossville, Georgia, in March 1864, its remaining mounts were taken for Sherman's Atlanta Campaign. The 15th Pennsylvania was sent back to Nashville by foot and train for remount, arriving May 8, and was out of field service for three months, finally receiving new horses in July. The regiment also received and drilled new recruits and marched on August 1 for Chattanooga, where it arrived two weeks later. There it guarded the railroad lines between Chattanooga and Atlanta while also scouting for movements of Hood's army.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Subsequent campaigning, Department of the Cumberland
On September 13 while at Calhoun, Georgia, it received new orders to return to East Tennessee to locate and intercept the enemy cavalry brigade of John S. Williams. Unable to do so, the campaign ended in mid-October and the 15th Pennsylvania returned to Camp Lingle (named for 1st Lt . Harvey S. Lingle of Company G, killed at Mossy Creek) at Wauhatchie Station, where it camped until December 20. Between December 28, 1864, and March 2, 1865, the 15th Pennsylvania was encamped at Huntsville, Alabama. In the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Nashville, it pursued the supply trains of Hood's army, catching and destroying all his pontoons near Russellville, Alabama, on December 31, and more than 300 wagons that day and the first day of 1865, penetrating into Mississippi as far as Fulton.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Concluding operations
In mid-March 1865 the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry was assigned to the 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, District of East Tennessee, and moved back to Chattanooga. Col. Palmer was breveted a brigadier general to command the brigade. The brigade set out on March 21 as the vanguard of a division-sized raiding force under Major General George Stoneman sent into North Carolina and southwest Virginia to destroy as much railroad as they could to interrupt the flow of supplies to the beleaguered Army of Northern Virginia.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Concluding operations
The 15th Pennsylvania split at Jacksonville, Virginia, on April 5, most accompanying Stoneman's force towards Salem, North Carolina, but a battalion of 230 under Major William Wagner was sent north to make a demonstration at Lynchburg, a key rail center, to give the impression that it was the vanguard of a much larger force threatening Lee's line of retreat. In four days Wagner's battalion destroyed numerous bridges and reached the outskirts of Lynchburg on the morning of April 8 before turning south to rejoin the main body of Stoneman's force at Salisbury, North Carolina. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, 20 miles to the east, the day after the demonstration. The regiment subsequently captured General Braxton Bragg and his staff and pursued Confederate President Jefferson Davis through Georgia.


15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, History, Concluding operations
The 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, numbering 627 officers and men, was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, on June 21, 1865. 162 recruits just received were held in service as "Company A, Anderson Cavalry" at department headquarters until mustered out on July 18.


15th People's Choice Awards
The 15th People's Choice Awards, honoring the best in popular culture for 1988, were held in 1989. They were broadcast on CBS.


15th People's Party of Kazakhstan Extraordinary Congress
The 15th People's Party of Kazakhstan Extraordinary Congress was held on 11 November 2020 in the city of Nur-Sultan. From there, the Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan renamed itself into the People's Party of Kazakhstan (QHP) and made several changes to the charters and programs of the party.


15th People's Party of Kazakhstan Extraordinary Congress, Leadership election
The Extraordinary Congress held a quorum of 33 members from the Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan (QKHP). The QKHP voted to changed its name which was supported by every delegate except Honorary Secretary Vladislav Kosarev. Parliamentary leader of the party Aiqyn Qongyrov was though unanimously chosen to be Chairman of the QHP succeeding Kosarev who served as the QKHP's de facto leader since June 2013, while Jambyl Ahmetbekov, Turgyn Syzdyqov, Viktor Smirnov, and Gauhar Nugmanova were chosen to be Secretaries of the QHP.


15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 15th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 15th Congress.


15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on September 19, 1997. It was preceded by the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. It served until 2002.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment
15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 15 Pułk Ułanów Poznańskich; 15 puł) – unit of Polish cavalry, part of Greater Polands Army, Polish Army of Second Republic and Polish Armed Forces in the West during World War II.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Regimental colours
The Regimental colours were founded by females from the Poznań society Ognisko Żołnierza Polskiego. The regiment received the colours from the hands of Gen. Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki in Poznań on 29 July 1919. Despite the fact that Colours were irregular to Polish Army military code, the standard was used for all the time of the regiment's existence during the interbellum. During the occupation, the standard was kept in the Visitationist Church in Warsaw. The nuns, after the assassination of Franz Kutschera, cut off the image of the Holy Mother and burned the rest of standard. The standard was reconstructed, with usage of parts of previous colours in 1960. Currently the Standard is kept in Greater Polands Military Museum in Poznań.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions
15th Uhlans Regiment was first formed as a part of the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw. Later, during the November Uprising, volunteers from the Prussian partition created the Poznań Cavalry Regiment (Polish: Pułk Jazdy Poznańskiej). Close to the west wall of the St Anthony of Padua's Church is a monument of the 15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, World War I and post-war period
Regiment of uhlans that appeals to those units was created on 30 December 1918 during the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) as Mounted Rifleman of Poznań Guard (Polish: Konni Strzelcy Straży Poznania) with 2nd Lt. Kazimierz Ciążyński as first commander. The national colours white and red were adopted as the colours for the unit pennants. On 14 January 1919, 2nd Lt. Józef Lossow replaced Ciążyński as temporary commander. Soldiers took a military oath on 26 January 1919 as 1st Greater Poland Mounted Rifleman Regiment (Polish: 1 Pułk Strzelców Konnych Wielkopolskich).


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, World War I and post-war period
On 29 January 1919, the regiment once again changed its name to 1st Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 1 Pułk Ułanów Wielkopolskich). Two days later Col. Aleksander Pajewski became commander of the regiment.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, World War I and post-war period
In January 1920, after unification of Greater Poland's army with the rest of the Polish Armed Forces, the unit was renamed to 15th Uhlans Regiment (Polish: 15 Pułk Ułanów). In July 1920, the reserve squadron of 15th Reg. detached 1st Sqn. of newly created 115 Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 115 Pułk Ułanów Wielkopolskich) and 215 Greater Poland Volunteer Cavalry Regiment (Polish: 215 Ochotniczy Pułk Jazdy Wielkopolskiej).


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, World War I and post-war period
On 5 August 1920, on proposal of President of Poznań, Jarogniew Drwęski, the regiment was renamed to 15th Poznań Uhlans Regiment (Polish: 15 Pułk Ułanów Poznańskich). On 22 October 1927, the Poznań City Council and the regiment's officers revealed a monument of the Poznań Uhlans on Ludgarda Str. in Poznań. The statue, made by Mieczysław Lubelski and Adam Ballenstaed, shows an Uhlan as Saint George attacking a dragon with his lance.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, World War I and post-war period
During the September Campaign, the regiment was part of the Greater Poland Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Wielkopolska Brygada Kawalerii) in frames of Poznań Army (Polish: Armia "Poznań").


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, Western Polish Army
In 1942, the Regiment was recreated in the Anders Army as Battalion "S" (Polish: Batalion "S").


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, Western Polish Army
The battalion, along with other units of the Anders Army, left the Soviet Union and went to Iran, Iraq and later to the Middle East, where on 8 October 1942 it was transformed into an armoured reconnaissance unit named 15th Armoured Cavalry Regiment (Polish: 15 Pułk Kawalerii Pancernej). On 1 December 1943, the unit was named 15th Poznań Uhlans Regiment.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, Western Polish Army
Later, as part of the II Corps (Poland), the regiment took part in the Italian Campaign (World War II). At the end of December 1944, the regiment was moved to the south of Italy for rest. Their unit was split into the 15th Reg. and the 25th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 25 Pułk Ułanów Wielkopolskich). The new 15th Reg. was transformed into an armoured  unit and subordinated to the 14th Greater Poland Armoured Brig.. During this time, reinforcements for the regiment were trained in Egypt. After the end of the war, the regiment was moved to United Kingdom. After demobilization in 1947, remains of the regiment in July 1947 formed Basie Unit 340 of the Polish Resettlement Corps at Slinfold Camp. The unit was dissolved in 1948.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, Modern regiment
In 1996 due to efforts of the Society of Former Soldiers and Friends of 15th Poznań Uhlans Regiment (est. in 1991 in Poznań) and the Wheel of Poznań Uhlans of LtGen. Władysław Anders (est. in 1946 in Italy, later in London), a newly created armoured cavalry brigade in Wędrzyn was named 15th Greater Poland Armoured Cavalry Brigade (Polish: 15 Wielkopolska Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej), and its 1st Tank Battalion received the pennant colours of 15th Poznań Uhlans Reg. After the dissolution of 15th Brigade, traditions of the 15th Reg. were passed on to the armoured battalion (since 2007 mechanized infantry battalion) of 17th Greater Poland Mechanized Brigade (Polish: 17 Wielkopolska Brygada Zmechanizowana) named 15th Poznań Uhlans Battalion (Polish: 15 batalion Ułanów Poznańskich).


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, Modern regiment
Pre -war uniforms of the 15th Regiment are used by the reenactment group Volunteer Representative Uhlans Unit of City of Poznań (Polish: Ochotniczy Reprezentacyjny Oddział Ułanów Miasta Poznania).


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, History and traditions, Modern regiment
During the interbellum the regiment was dislocated to Poznań. The regiment anniversary was held on 23 April, as commemoration of Virtuti Militari decoration in 1921.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Greater Poland Uprising 1918-1919
During the night between 5 and 6 January 1919, a squadron of Mounted Rifleman under command of 2nd Lt. Kazimierz Ciążyński took part in the Battle of Ławica Airfield. At the night between 9 and 10 January 1919, the Squadron was moved to Gniezno, and on 11 January took part in fights near Szubin. In later days the whole regiment was used as mobile reserve on different parts of Polish-German front line.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Polish–Soviet War
On 1 August 1919, the regiment moved to the front line as a part of 14th Greater Poland Infantry Division (Polish: 14 Wielkopolska Dywizja Piechoty). The regiment campaigned through Maladzyechna, Małe Gajany, Minsk, Ihumen, Bochuczewicze and Babruysk, which was captured on 28 August. Babruysk became the base of the regiment during the fights in the Berezina River valley and in Polesia until May 1920. In this period, Soviet soldiers nicknamed the regiment rogate, czerwone czorty (English: horned, red devils), due to the red colour on their rogatywkas.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Polish–Soviet War
In May 1920 the regiment took part in stopping the offensive of the Soviet 16th Army, taking many soldiers from the Soviet cavalry brigade as prisoners. In June 1920, due to next Soviet offensive, the regiment was forced to retreat. During fights near Ivachnoviche, on 29 July the regiment's CO, LtCol. Władysław Anders, was wounded. As a part of the Polish counteroffensive the regiment broke through the Soviet lines on 16 August, near Maciejowice. Later the regiment took part in the Battle of the Niemen River.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Polish–Soviet War
In the second half of September 1920 cavalryman took part in fights near Mezhiritch, Zelva and Snovy. The last city captured by the regiment was Minsk, from where the unit was withdrawn after the ceasefire. On 16 January 1921, the regiment returned to Poznań under the command of Władysław Anders. For their valor during the war, all regiments of the 14th Division received Virtuti Militari. The colours of the unit were decorated by Marsh. Józef Piłsudski on 22 April 1921.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, September Campaign
On 1 September 1939 the regiment, as a part of the Greater Poland Cavalry Brigade, was near Zaniemyśl. After the outbreak of the war, the Regiment moved to Uniejów and Bzura River. Between 9 and 18 September 1939 the regiment, located on the eastern flank of the "Poznań" Army, took part in heavy fighting near Brochów and Walewice as a part of the Battle of Bzura. On 12 September in Ziewanice, the CO of regiment, LtCol. Tadeusz Mikke, was killed in action.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, September Campaign
After the battle of Bzura, the regiment formed the rear guard during the retreat of the "Poznań" Army and remains of the "Pomorze" through Puszcza Kampinoska to Warsaw. The regiment arrived in the Polish capital on 20 September. The regiment subsequently took part in the defence. The unit was disbanded on the day of the city's capitulation on 28 September.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Polish Armed Forces in the West
On 17 April 1942, Battalion "S" was formed in Yangiyo'l near Tashkent under command of Cpt. Zbigniew Kiedacz. On 8 October 1942, in Iraq, the unit was transformed into the 15 Regiment of Armoured Cavalry, reconnaissance unit of the 5th Kresowa Infantry Division. At the end of 1942, the regiment was renamed to 15th Poznań Uhlans Regiment. In next months, the unit was trained in Iraq, Palestine, Liban and Egypt. During February and March 1944, the regiment was moved to Italy. Uhlans took part in fighting on 6 April 1944 near Capracotta, and during the following days reached Genoa.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Polish Armed Forces in the West
Between 3 and 29 May 1944, the regiment took part in the Battle of Monte Cassino fighting on Castellone hill, and later broke through Hitler Line capturing Pizzo Corno and Monte Cairo. On 20 July, the unit ended its fights in the battle of Ancona. In October 1944, the regiment was fighting in the Emilian Apennines as a part of the breaking through the Gothic Line. On 23 October, the commanding officer of regiment, Col. Zbigniew Kiedacz, was killed in action. The regiment received the award Virtuti Militari for a second time for the Italian Campaign.


15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment, Operational history, Polish Armed Forces in the West
In the winter 1944 and 1945, the 25th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 25 Pułk Ułanów Wielkopolskich) was detached from the regiment. In January 1945, the 15th Reg. was moved to Egypt, where the unit, after receiving new tanks, was subordinated to the 14th Greater Polish Armoured Brig. (Polish: 14 Wielkopolska Brygada Pancerna). In October 1945, the brigade was moved to Giulianova in Italy and in June 1946 to Browning Camp near Horsham near London. In 1947, the regiment was disbanded.


15th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 15th Emmy Awards, later known as the 15th Primetime Emmy Awards, were handed out on May 26, 1963. The ceremony was hosted by Annette Funicello and Don Knotts. Winners are listed in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.


15th Primetime Emmy Awards
The top shows of the night were The Defenders and The Dick Van Dyke Show. Each won for series, directing, and writing in their respective genres. The Defenders led the night in major wins (4) and nominations (7).


15th Producers Guild of America Awards
The 15th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2004 Producers Guild Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2003, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on January 17, 2004. The ceremony was hosted by John Larroquette. The nominees were announced on January 5, 2004.


15th Punjab Assembly
Election for the constitution of the Fifteenth Legislative Assembly was held in the Indian state of Punjab on 4 February 2017 to elect the 117 members of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The counting of votes was done on 11 March 2017.


15th Punjab Regiment
The 15th Punjab Regiment was a regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. It was transferred to Pakistan Army on independence in 1947, and amalgamated with the 1st, 14th and 16th Punjab Regiments in 1956 to form the Punjab Regiment.


15th Punjab Regiment, Early history
The 15th Punjab Regiment was formed in 1922 by the amalgamation of the 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th Punjabis. All five battalions were raised during the upheaval of the Indian Mutiny in 1857 by John Lawrence in the Punjab. The 27th Punjabis served in China during the Second Opium War in 1860–62, while the 26th and 29th Punjabis participated in the Bhutan War of 1864–66. All battalions saw service on the North West Frontier of India and took part in the Second Afghan War of 1878–80, while the 26th and 27th Punjabis also served in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885–87. In 1901, the 27th Punjabis were dispatched to British Somaliland to suppress the resistance movement led by Diiriye Guure of the Dervish State.


15th Punjab Regiment, Formation
When the 15th Punjabs were formed in 1922, it was organised into 5 battalions (including additions till WW2):


15th Punjab Regiment, Second World War
During the Second World War, the 15th Punjab Regiment raised ten new battalions. Most of the active battalions were engaged in fighting the Japanese in the Far East except the 3rd Battalion, which fought in Somaliland and Italy. The performance of the 4th Battalion in Burma in particular was outstanding. The battalion suffered 921 casualties and was awarded numerous gallantry awards including two Victoria Crosses to Lieutenant Karamjeet Singh Judge and Naik Gian Singh.


15th Punjab Regiment, Post Independence History
On the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the 15th Punjab Regiment was allotted to Pakistan Army. At the time, the active battalions were 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th. Sikhs and Jats were transferred to the Indian Army and the regiment's new class composition was fixed as Punjabis and Pathans. The 2nd Battalion was reformed as a Medium Machine Gun battalion, moving to Kohat in early 1946; by the time of Partition in August 1947 all the British and non-Muslim officers had left, except for one Indian officer, the Adjutant and he left once all Indian Army personnel moved to India. The unit helped to escort the 3rd Grenadiers from Kohat to Rawalpindi, after they had been ambushed twice by Pathan tribes. Other references are the books by Kaushik Roy and Frederick Llewellyn Freemantle (listed below).


15th Punjab Regiment, Post Independence History
The regiment's badge was also modified and the Sikh quoit was replaced by an Islamic star. In 1948, the 2nd and 3rd Battalions fought in the war with India in Kashmir. In 1956, a major reorganization was undertaken in the Pakistan Army and larger infantry groups were created by amalgamating the existing infantry regiments. As a result, the 15th Punjab Regiment was amalgamated with the 1st, 14th and 16th Punjab Regiments to form one large Punjab Regiment. The four regimental centres were also merged and the combined centre moved to Mardan. The line up of the new regiment was:


15th Punjab Regiment, Battle Honours
China 1860–62, Ali Masjid, Peiwar Kotal, Charasiah, Kabul 1879, Ahmad Khel, Kandahar 1880, Afghanistan 1878–80, Burma 1885–87, Chitral, Somaliland 1901–04, Loos, France and Flanders 1915, Suez Canal, Egypt 1915, Megiddo, Sharon, Palestine 1918, Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1915–18, Persia 1918, NW Frontier, India 1917, Kilimanjaro, East Africa 1914–17, Berbera, Assab, Abyssinia 1940–41, Tug Argan, British Somaliland 1940, The Sangro, The Moro, Cassino II, Gothic Line, The Senio, Italy 1943–45, West Borneo 1941–42, South East Asia 1941–42, Rathedaung, Donbaik, Jail Hill, Naga Village, Kyaukmyaung Bridgehead, Mandalay, Fort Dufferin, Meiktila, Nyaungu Bridgehead, Capture of Meiktila, Taungtha, Myingyan, The Irrawaddy, Yenaungyaung 1945, Kama, Pyawbwe, Toungoo, Pegu 1945, Sittang 1945, Burma 1942–45.


15th Quebec Legislature
The 15th Legislative Assembly of Quebec is the provincial legislature in Quebec, Canada that existed from June 23, 1919, to February 5, 1923. The Quebec Liberal Party led by Lomer Gouin and Louis-Alexandre Taschereau was the governing party. Taschereau succeeded Gouin in 1920 as Premier of Quebec.


15th Quebec Legislature, Member list
This was the list of members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec that were elected in the 1919 election:


15th Quebec Legislature, New or renamed electoral districts
The electoral map was reformed in 1922 prior to the elections that were held in the following year.


15th Republican People's Party Extraordinary Convention
The 15th Extraordinary Convention of the Republican People's Party was held on 18 December 2010 to elect all 80 members of the Party Council of the Republican People's Party (CHP) of Turkey. It was the first Extraordinary Convention held by party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who was elected as the party's leader in May 2010.


15th Republican People's Party Extraordinary Convention
The vote was seen as a broad endorsement of Kılıçdaroğlu, who was half a year into his leadership. Most elected members of the Party Council were part of Kılıçdaroğlu's list of candidates. However, the election was also a setback for Deputy Leader Gürsel Tekin, who received 762 votes and thus failed to make it into the Party Council. It was rumoured that Tekin had phoned Kılıçdaroğlu at 03:00 in the morning before the convention. Left-wing actor Levent Kırca was also present at the convention.


15th Republican People's Party Extraordinary Convention, Party council, Directly elected (68 members)
Members elected to the Party Council directly, along with the votes they received, are as follows.


15th Republican People's Party Extraordinary Convention, Party council, Culture, Science and Executive Quota (12 members)
Members elected to the Party Council through the Culture, Science and Executive Quota, along with the votes they received, are as follows.


15th Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 15th Reserve Division (15. Reserve-Division) was a unit of the Prussian Army within the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of VIII Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Prussian Rhine Province. At the beginning of the war, it formed the VIII Reserve Corps with the 16th Reserve Division.


15th Reserve Division (German Empire), Combat chronicle
The 15th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front, participating in the opening German offensive which led to the Allied Great Retreat, fighting at Sedan in late August 1914. It fought in the First Battle of the Marne. Thereafter, it remained in the line in the Champagne region and fought in the Second Battle of Champagne in September–October 1915. It fought on the Aisne until September 1916, and then joined the Battle of the Somme. Its next major engagement was the Battle of Arras in the Spring of 1917.


15th Reserve Division (German Empire), Combat chronicle
In May 1917, the division was transferred to the Eastern Front, where it resisted the Russian Summer Offensive known as the Kerensky Offensive. It remained on the Eastern Front until the armistice on that front, and then returned to the Western Front, arriving in the Verdun region at the beginning of January 1918. It went to the Flanders/Artois region in April 1918 and remained in that general area until the end of the war. Allied intelligence rated the division as third class.


15th Reserve Division (German Empire), Order of battle on mobilization
The order of battle of the 15th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows:


15th Reserve Division (German Empire), Order of battle on January 1, 1918
The 15th Reserve Division was triangularized in late September 1916. Over the course of the war, other changes took place, including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion. The order of battle on January 1, 1918, was as follows:


15th Rifle Corps
The 15th Rifle Corps (Russian: 15-й стрелковый корпус) was a rifle corps of the Red Army, formed five times; each formation was a distinct unit unrelated to the others. It was part of the 5th Army. It took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1922–1924 formation
The corps was formed as part of the North Caucasus Military District by an order of 27 September 1922 with the 9th Don, 22nd, and 37th Rifle Divisions, headquartered at Krasnodar. The units of the corps participated in the suppression of anti-Soviet forces in the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast between November 1922 and February 1924. The corps headquarters was disbanded by an order of the district on 12 February 1924.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1934–1941 formation
The corps was formed again as part of the Ukrainian Military District by an order of 12 May 1934, headquartered at Chernigov. The corps became part of the Kiev Military District when the Ukrainian Military District was split in June 1935. The corps participated in the Soviet invasion of Poland, under command of Vasily Repin and as part of the 6th Army, and in October returned to the district, renamed the Kiev Special Military District. As a result of the Soviet advance into former Polish territory, the corps headquarters moved west to Kovel.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1934–1941 formation
In January 1940 it was relocated to the 13th Army for the Winter War, fighting in the latter between February and March. After the end of the Winter War, the 15th Corps returned to Kiev Special Military District and during June and July was assigned to the 12th Army for the occupation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. In July the corps returned to district control.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1934–1941 formation
Corps troops were the 58th Separate Communications Battalion and the 38th Separate Sapper Battalion. The corps headquarters was officially disbanded on 25 September 1941.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1942–1943 formation
The corps headquarters was reformed in Voronezh Oblast in November 1942, under the command of Major General Pyotr Privalov. The corps was assigned the 172nd, 267th, and 350th Rifle Divisions. After completing its formation, the corps joined the 6th Army of the Voronezh Front and entered battleon 11 December on the left bank of the Don River near Verkhny Mamon during Operation Little Saturn. It fought in the destruction of Italian and German forces on the Mid-Don and on 16 December crossed the Don, entering the Kantemirovka area on 22 December.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1942–1943 formation
The corps then advanced into the Donbass towards Belokurakino, Balakleya, and Krasnograd. In January Privalov was replaced in command of Major General Afanasy Gryaznov. In the second half of February and early March the corps fought against the German counteroffensive in the Third Battle of Kharkov. On 16 April 1943 the 15th Rifle Corps headquarters was converted into that of the headquarters of the 28th Guards Rifle Corps. Corps troops were the 62nd Separate Communications Battalion, 1163rd Field Office of the State Bank, and 2634th Field Postal Station. The divisions of the 15th Rifle Corps were transferred to the control of the 34th Rifle Corps.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1943–1945 formation
The corps headquarters was quickly reformed in Moscow beginning on 28 May 1943. Corps troops were the 387th Separate Communications Battalion and 3689th Field Postal Station. The 918th Separate Sapper Battalion and 441st Field Vehicle Repair Base was added in April and May 1944, respectively.


15th Rifle Corps, History, 1943–1945 formation
After the end of the war, the corps headquarters was disbanded in mid-1945 as part of the 60th Army. Its divisions were simultaneously disbanded and their personnel used to reinforce divisions of the Northern Group of Forces.


15th Rifle Division
The 15th Rifle Division (Russian: 15-я стрелковая дивизия) was a military formation of the Red Army formed by renaming the Red Army's Inza Revolutionary Division on 30 April 1919. The division was active during the Russian Civil War and World War II.


15th Rifle Division
The 15th Rifle Division was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov, and the Red Banner of Labour of the Ukrainian SSR, ultimately receiving the honorific designation 15th Sivash-Stettin Order of Lenin, Twice Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov, Order of the Red Banner of Labour Division (15-я стрелковая Сивашско-Штеттинская, ордена Ленина, дважды Краснознамённая, орденов Суворова, Трудового Красного Знамени  дивизия).


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
The 15th Rifle Division was formed by renaming the Red Army's Inza Revolutionary Division on 30 April 1919. In November 1920, the division crossed the Sivash into Crimea and fought against the White Army commanded by Pyotr Wrangel. Units from the disbanded 31st Turkestan Rifle Division joined the division on 2 December 1920.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
On 29 February 1928, in honor of the tenth anniversary of the Red Army, the division was awarded the Honorary Revolutionary Red Banner.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
On 10 January 1936, in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the Sivash battles, the division was awarded the Order of Lenin.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
It was renamed as the 15th Motorized  Division in September 1939 and took part in the Red Army's march into Romanian-ceded Bessarabia in 1940. On 22 June 1941, the division was stationed in Bender and Tiraspol as part of the 2nd Mechanized Corps, 9th Army, Odessa Military District.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
Its first battle after the start of Operation Barbarossa occurred in the Skulyan raion (part of Kalarash) on 24 June 1941, after which it pulled back and departed for the Dniester. In July 1941, the 15th Motorized Rifle Division was caught in the encirclement around Uman, and was largely destroyed. Rkkaww2 states that 'The entire headquarters of the 15th Motorised Division was captured. However, later, the divisional commander, Colonel Laskin, managed to escape from captivity.'


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
Its name was reverted to 15th Rifle Division, with the 676th Mountain Rifle Regiment of the 192nd Mountain Rifle Division added as its third regiment. The division's commander during the Uman encirclement, Major-General Nikolay Nikanorovich Belov was killed on 9 August 1941. Some of its members escaped from the encirclement by the end of September 1941. It remained on the Southern Front and took part in defending the Donbass in the area near Artemovsk until being transferred to the Bryansk Front's 13th Army in May 1942.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
The 15th Rifle Division took part in the defensive battle at Voronezh in the summer of 1942 and in the subsequent battle to liberate the city in 1943. On the night of 5 July 1943, reconnaissance units of the division captured a prisoner who showed that the German troops would launch an attack on Kursk during the same day, and the division fought in the Battle of Kursk.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II
Its subsequent operations included the Chernigov-Pripyat and Gomel-Rechitsa Offensives in 1943, the Kalinkovichi-Mozyr Operation, Operation Bagration and the liberation of Baranovichi in 1944, the Mława-Elbing Operation, the East Pomeranian Offensive, and the Battle of Berlin in 1945.


15th Rifle Division, Establishment and World War II, Composition
As the 15th Rifle Division (renamed on 6 August 1941):


15th Rifle Division, Postwar
After the Second World War the division briefly became the 26th Mechanised Division in 1945, then in 1957 the 100th Motor Rifle Division. In 1965 it regained its Second World War number and became the 15th Motor Rifle Division. Through much of the postwar period it was part of 7th Guards Army in the Transcaucasus Military District. During this period it was stationed at Kirovakan. The division was maintained at 20% strength during the Cold War. In June 1992, it was disbanded and much of its equipment was taken over by Armenia. The divisional banner was given to the 5209th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base (BHVT), formed from the disbanded 91st Motor Rifle Division in Nizhneudinsk. The 5209th BHVT  was renamed the 6063rd BHVT. In June 2009, the 6063rd BHVT became the 187th Weapons and Equipment Storage Repair Base (BHiRVT).


15th Rifle Division, Postwar
The 15th Motor Rifle Division included the following units in 1988:


15th Robert Awards
The 15th Robert Awards ceremony was held in 1998 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Organized by the Danish Film Academy, the awards honoured the best in Danish and foreign film of 1997.


15th Rome Quadriennale
The 15th Rome Quadriennale or XV Rome Quadriennale (Italian pronunciation: Quindicesima Quadriennale di Roma) is an Italian art exhibition (the 15th edition of the Rome Quadrennial) held between 19 June and 14 September 2008 at its historical site, the Palazzo delle Esposizioni of Rome, Italy.


15th Rome Quadriennale
The exhibition has no thematic restrictions  and originates with the aim of documenting a situation in evolution, by mapping out a panorama of contemporary Italian art of the two decades preceding 2008.


15th Rome Quadriennale
The 15ª Q, as it is called on the cover of the catalogue  and on the publicity materials connected to the manifestation, cost about two million euro  and had some 30,000 visitors during the 76 days that it was open.


15th Rome Quadriennale, The exhibition
The aim of the exhibition is to trace out a map of the main results of the artistic research conducted in Italy during the two decades prior to 2008 as well as of the experiences considered representative of that period, devoting particular attention to the artists in the middle of their careers and the younger ones, indicative of the possible future evolution of the Italian artistic panorama. The exhibition registers the different tendencies of contemporary art in which conceptual art, minimalism, and the various tendencies of the pictorial and photographic image are confronted in a further attempt to identify the possible singularities of the Italian situation in the international system of art.


15th Rome Quadriennale, The exhibition
Ninety-nine artists have been invited, each with a single recent work, in many cases created for the occasion. Painting, photography, video art, sculpture, installations and net art are the expressions that have been adopted in the exhibition in proportions that are not homogeneous. The artists participating have an average age of forty-five years, one-quarter of them are under thirty-five and a third are women.


15th Rome Quadriennale, The exhibition
The XV Rome Quadrennial has been dedicated to the memory of Luciano Fabro: his sculpture Autunno (Autumn), exhibited here for the first time, opens the exhibition in the Sala della Rotonda of Palazzo delle Esposizioni.


15th Rome Quadriennale, The exhibition
During the exhibition period, the educational services of the Palazzo delle Esposizioni, in collaboration with the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the Sapienza University of Rome, have organized meetings between the artists and the public in the sphere of thematic visits.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Committee members and installation
A committee of curators and art historians, composed of Chiara Bertola, Lorenzo Canova, Bruno Corà, Daniela Lancioni and Claudio Spadoni, is responsible for the critical installation of the exhibition as well as the choice of artists to invite to participate. The itinerary of the exhibition extends over 3,000 square metres on the three levels of Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Giulio Turchetta has organized the installation.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Artists
Mario Airò, Carolina Raquel Antich, Andrea Aquilanti, Stefano Arienti, Sergia Avveduti, Massimo Bartolini, Matteo Basilé, Alessandro Bazan, Vanessa Beecroft, Angelo Bellobono, Elisabetta Benassi, Manfredi Beninati, Stefano Boccalini, Francesco Bocchini, Stefano Bonacci, Giuseppe Caccavale, Alessandro Cannistrà, Gea Casolaro, Antonio Catelani, Alice Cattaneo, Loris Cecchini, Francesco Cervelli, Paolo Chiasera, Claudio Citterio, Marco Colazzo, Luca Costantini, Francesco De Grandi, Daniela De Lorenzo, Giulio De Mitri, Fabrice de Nola, Alberto Di Fabio, Anna Di Febo, Elisabetta Di Maggio, Andrea Di Marco, Rä di Martino, Fulvio Di Piazza, Mauro Di Silvestre, Valentino Diego, Bruna Esposito, Stefania Fabrizi, Luciano Fabro, David Fagioli, Lara Favaretto, Flavio Favelli, Danilo Fiorucci, Simona Frillici, Paolo Grassino, Alice Guareschi, Debora Hirsch, Irena Kalođera, Karpüseeler, Deborah Logorio, Federico Lombardo, Claudia Losi, Serenella Lupparelli, Andrea Mastrovito, Vittoria Mazzoni, Sabrina Mezzaqui, Matteo Montani, Diego Morandini, Maria Morganti, Liliana Moro, Adriano Nardi, Marco Neri, Davide Nido, Adrian Paci, Luca Pancrazzi, Marina Paris, Luana Perilli, Perino & Vele, Diego Perrone, Paola Pivi, Piero Pompili, Franco Pozzi, Luisa Protti, Daniele Puppi, Luisa Rabbia, Antonio Riello, Giovanni Rizzoli, Bernhard Rüdiger, Andrea Salvino, Mariateresa Sartori, Maurizio Savini, Francesco Simeti, Sissi, Federico Solmi, Vittorio Sopracase, Donatella Spaziani, Stalker/ON, Giuseppe Stampone, Giovanni Termini, Alessandra Tesi, Silvano Tessarollo, Grazia Toderi, Stefano Tondo, Luca Trevisani, Erich Turroni, Nico Vascellari, Nicola Verlato, Marco Verrelli.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Jury and Prizes
For the first time in the history of the Rome Quadrennial, the jury, composed of Suzanne Pagé, Director of the Foundation Louis-Vuitton, Gerald Matt, Director of the Kunsthalle of Vienna and Vicente Todolí, Director of the Tate Modern of London, is not Italian. On 12 September 2008 2008, the Prize Jury of the XV Quadrennial awarded the Quadrennial Prize (20,000 euro) to Adrian Paci, and the Prize for Young Art (10,000 euro) to Deborah Ligorio. Both Adrian Paci and Deborah Ligorio have participated with video art works.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Jury and Prizes
A career prize (a gold medal) was awarded to Maurizio Cattelan. On 24 March 2009, at the MAXXI of Rome,  the singer Elio of the Elio e le Storie Tese, who announced that he was the real Cattelan, came to receive the prize, making witty remarks and answering questions from Francesco Prosperetti, Anna Mattirolo, Gino Agnese, Stefano Chiodi, Andrea Cortellessa, Cornelia Lauf and the public that was present.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Catalogue
The exhibition is documented by a catalogue of the works of 320 pages published by Marsilio. The volume opens with critical essays by Chiara Bertola, Lorenzo Canova, Bruno Corà, Daniela Lancioni and Claudio Spadoni.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Catalogue
Along the itinerary of the exhibition, it is possible to consult a tactile screen with images of the works and entries about the artists edited by Paola Bonani for the Quadriennale Foundation.


15th Rome Quadriennale, Related exhibitions
During the 15th Quadriennale, a documentary exhibition of the history of the Quadrennial of Rome has been installed in the Spazio Fontana of Palazzo delle Esposizioni. This exhibition has been organized by the Archive of the Quadriennale Foundation in collaboration with the Istituto Luce and RAI Teche.


15th SATMA
The 15th Annually South African Traditional Music Awards will took place on November 27, 2021. The awards celebrated achievements in music and entertainment.


15th SATMA, Nominees
Deejay Avesh – Pritisha M – Meri MaaMbuzeni Mkhize – Mbuzeni Mkhize – Ishoba LenkonkoniDlayani Patrick Hlongwane (Dj Patmesh) – Venda Boy – Ndavhuko


15th SS Police Regiment
The 15th SS Police Regiment (German: SS-Polizei-Regiment 15) was initially named the 15th Police Regiment (Polizei-Regiment 15) when it was formed in 1942 from existing Order Police units (Ordnungspolizei) to conduct security warfare behind the Eastern Front. The regiment was destroyed in January 1943 and its personnel was used to reconstitute it in Norway several months later from existing police units. The regiment was transferred to Italy in late 1943 and remained there for the rest of the war.


15th SS Police Regiment, Operational history
The regiment was formed in July 1942 in Russia from Police Battalion 305, Police Battalion 306 and Police Battalion 310 which were redesignated as the regiment's first through third battalions, respectively. Between 29 October and 1 November, 10 Company of the Third Battalion helped to liquidate the ghetto in Pinsk, Belarus, killing an estimated 20,000 Jews. I Battalion was redesignated as III Battalion of the 16th Police Regiment later in the year and was later replaced by II Battalion of the 28th Police Regiment from Norway.


15th SS Police Regiment, Operational history
The regiment was ordered to be rebuilt in Norway on 29 March 1943 with the survivors consolidated into I and II Battalions. III Battalion was intended to be the redesignated IV Battalion of the 27th SS Police Regiment, but I Battalion of the 27th Regiment was ultimately used instead. In July the headquarters and I Battalion were garrisoned in Sarpsborg, II Battalion was in Mysen and III Battalion was stationed in Bergen.


15th SS Police Regiment, Operational history
The regiment was transferred to Italy in late 1943 with the headquarters stationed in Vercelli, I Battalion in Turin, II Battalion garrisoned in Milan and III Battalion located in Trieste. It was later reinforced by an anti-tank company and a rocket-launcher battery.


15th SS Police Regiment, Operational history
The unit controlled two ethnic SS Police units, the SS Police Regiment Bozen and the SS Police Regiment Brixen engaged in security warfare in Italy.


15th SS Police Regiment, War crimes
The regiment has been implicated in twenty-six incidents of war crimes in Italy from December 1943 to February 1945 with almost 200 civilians killed.


15th Santosham Film Awards
The 15th Santosham Film Awards is an awards ceremony held at Hyderabad, India on 12 August 2017 recognized the best films and performances from the Tollywood films and music released in 2016, along with special honors for lifetime contributions and a few special awards. The awards are annually presented by Santosham magazine.


15th Sarasaviya Awards
The 15th Sarasaviya Awards festival (Sinhala: 15වැනි සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළ), presented by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited, was held to honor the best films of 1986 Sinhala cinema on July 25, 1987, at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka. Minister of Lands and Land Development Gamini Dissanayake was the chief guest at the awards night.


15th Sarasaviya Awards
Even though the film Maldeniye Simieon won seven awards including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Actress, most number of awards were received to the film Koti Waligaya which included eleven awards.


15th Saskatchewan Legislature
The 15th Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the Saskatchewan general election held in April 1964. The assembly sat from February 4, 1965, to September 8, 1967. The Liberal Party led by Ross Thatcher formed the government. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) led by Woodrow Lloyd formed the official opposition.


15th Saskatchewan Legislature, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1964:


15th Satellite Awards
The 15th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year's outstanding performers, films, television shows, home videos and interactive media, presented by the International Press Academy at the Hyatt Regency Century Plaza in Century City, Los Angeles.


15th Satellite Awards
The nominations were announced on December 1, 2010. The winners were announced on December 19, 2010.


15th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Auteur Award (for his work as a documentary film director and producer) – Alex Gibney


15th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Humanitarian Award (for community involvement and work on social causes) – Connie Stevens


15th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Mary Pickford Award (for outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry) – Vanessa Williams


15th Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Nikola Tesla Award (for his work as film preservationist and historian) – Robert A. Harris


15th Saturn Awards
The 15th Saturn Awards, honoring the best in science fiction, fantasy and horror film in 1987, were held on August 23, 1988.


15th Saturn Awards, Winners and nominees
Below is a complete list of nominees and winners. Winners are highlighted in bold.


15th Screen Actors Guild Awards
The 15th Annual Screen Actors Guild Award, honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2008, were presented on January 25, 2009. The ceremony was held at the Shrine Exposition Center in Los Angeles, California for the thirteenth consecutive year. It was broadcast live simultaneously by TNT and TBS.


15th Screen Actors Guild Awards
The nominees were announced on December 18, 2008 by Angela Bassett and Eric McCormack at Los Angeles' Pacific Design Center's Silver Screen Theater.


15th Screen Actors Guild Awards
Doubt received the highest number of nominations among the film categories with five, four for individual performances and one for ensemble performance. In the television categories, Boston Legal, 30 Rock, John Adams, Mad Men and The Closer had the most nominations with three each.


15th Screen Actors Guild Awards
The biggest winner of the evening was 30 Rock, which won in all three categories in which it was nominated. The Dark Knight won the most film awards, winning in both categories in which it was nominated.


15th Screen Actors Guild Awards, In Memoriam
Susan Sarandon introduced a previously recorded "In Memoriam" segment which pay tribute to the actors who died last year:


15th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 15th National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. on May 29, 1939. Scripps-Howard would not sponsor the Bee until 1941.


15th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The winner was 12-year-old Elizabeth Ann Rice of Auburn, Massachusetts and sponsored by the Worcester Telegram & Gazette, correctly spelling the word canonical. Humphrey Cook, age 13 of Virginia, took second after misspelling homogeneity. 14-year-old Mildred Kariher of Ohio took third after missing farcial [ sic].


15th Scripps National Spelling Bee
There were 21 contestants this year, all in the fifth through eight grades, with the westernmost entrant from Colorado.


15th Scripps National Spelling Bee
A banquet was held the night before the Bee at the Ambassador Hotel. The winner of the first bee in 1925, Frank Neuhauser, now a law student, was in attendance.


15th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The first place prize was $500, second was $300, and third was $100. Fourth through 16th place received $50, and 17th through 21st received $40. Winner Rice (married name Riza) later worked as an office manager and business manager until retiring in 1996. She took up running in her 50s and ran the Boston Marathon three times. She died in Worcester, Massachusetts on April 18, 2012.


15th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 15th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee, in the aftermath of the 15th Congress.


15th Seiyu Awards
The 15th Seiyu Awards was held on March 6, 2021 at the JOQR Media Plus Hall in Minato, Tokyo. The winners of the Merit Awards, the Kei Tomiyama Award, the Kazue Takahashi Award, and the Synergy Award were announced on February 16, 2021. The rest of the winners were announced on the ceremony day.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade
The 15th Separate Motorized Rifle Aleksandriyskaya (Peacekeeping) Brigade (Russian: 15-я отдельная мотострелковая Александрийская бригада (миротворческая)), Military Unit Number 90600, is a unit in the Russian Ground Forces. It is the only peacekeeping brigade in the Russian Armed Forces. The formation is part of the 2nd Guards Combined Arms Army of the Central Military District. It is permanently deployed in Roshchinsky village in the Samara Oblast.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Pre-history
The predecessor of the brigade is the 76th Guards Rifle Regiment, which was repeatedly renamed and reorganized.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Pre-history
The regiment traces its history back to the 75th Naval Rifle Brigade, formed during the Great Patriotic War from 29 October 1941  to December 1941, in Novokazalinsk in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Pre-history
On 17 March 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of Defence (NKO USSR) No . 78, the 75th Naval Rifle Brigade was awarded a Guards title, and on 18 March 1942 converted into the 3rd Guards Rifle Brigade. However, two months later, in May 1942, the brigade was reorganized into the 27th Guards Rifle Division, and all the units, formed as part of this military formation, as well as the division itself, inherit the Guards honorary name of their "ancestor" - the 3rd Guards Rifle Brigade.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Pre-history
One of these guards military units was the 76th Guards Rifle Regiment, formed in the same period as part of the 27th Guards Rifle Division, on the basis of one of the rifle battalions of the former 3rd Guards Rifle Brigade. Subsequently, for the courage and heroism shown by its personnel during the Battle of Berlin, (11 June 1945) the regiment was awarded the honorary title "Berlin."


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Pre-history
On 5 October 1945 it is transformed into the 69th Guards Mechanised Berlin Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment; and in 1957 into the 243rd Guards Motor Rifle Berlin Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment (Military Unit Number 47290). With the 27th Guards Rifle Division, from 1957 the 27th Guards Motor Rifle Division, it served for decades in East Germany as part of the 8th Guards Army, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Pre-history
In 1991, the 27th Guards Motor Rifle Division was withdrawn from the Western Group of Forces and redeployed to Totskoye in the Volga-Ural Military District. On 17 June 1991 the 243rd Guards Motor Rifle Regiment was renamed as the 589th Guards Motor Rifle Berlin Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment (Military Unit Number 32056), as part of the same 27th Guards Motor Rifle Division.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Twenty-first century
The current brigade was formed on 1 February 2005 by redesignation of the 589th Guards MRR, in accordance with a directive of Minister of Defence Sergei Ivanov given on 30 December 2004. It was designed to participate in international peace and security missions under the auspices of the United Nations. From December 2005 to November 2008, the peacekeeping brigade carried out tasks of maintaining peace in the zone of the Abkhaz–Georgian conflict.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Twenty-first century
Servicemen of the brigade have also been part of the peacekeeping contingents by decision of the President of Russia under the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In 2011, the brigade was presented with a new type of battle banner. On 4 November 2019, the brigade was given the honorary title Aleksandriyskaya, and a copy of the regimental standard of the Alexandrian 5th Hussar Regiment of the 5th Cavalry Division of the Imperial Russian Army was awarded to the brigade. The title makes it one of several Armed Forces formations that honor formations of the Imperial era.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Twenty-first century, Alleged actions in Ukraine
In 2014, reports from open sources claimed the presence of servicemen from the brigade in the Donbass during the Russo-Ukrainian War and the War in Donbass. In August, units of the brigade reportedly took part in the battles near Georgiyivka in the Lutuhyne Raion. At a briefing on 11 March 2015, the ATO headquarters stated that units 15 of the brigade were operating in the Luhansk Oblast, and on 17 April, the Chief of the Ukrainian General Staff Viktor Muzhenko, stated that units of the 15th brigade remained in the oblast. In October 2016, reports from open sources claimed the presence of servicemen from the brigade in the Donbass.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Twenty-first century, Karabakh conflict
In November 2020, after a peace agreement ending the war over the region, servicemen from the brigade were deployed to Nagorno-Karabakh to keep the peace. In the agreement, 1,960 servicemen of the brigade were to be sent to the region, leaving from Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport on a Il-76 military transport aircraft. Outside of the servicemen, 90 armored personnel carriers and 380 units of automobile and special equipment were sent with the brigade. The command of the Russian peacekeeping forces was also established in the Karabakh capital of Stepanakert. On 11 November 2020, Lieutenant General Rustam Muradov was appointed the commander of the peacekeeping forces. On 13 December, the brigade's peacekeeping contingent took control of Hin Tagher.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Twenty-first century, Karabakh conflict
In early 2021, Azerbaijani authorities accused the unit of "a pro-Armenia attitude, instead of taking the required neutral stance for the implementation of the peace agreement." Particularly, General Muradov's meeting with senior Artsakh figures, and the presence of the Artsakh flag at Muradov's meetings had resulted in negative reactions from the Azerbaijanis.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Gallery
The ceremony of presenting the banner of the Alexandrian 5th Regiment of Hussars.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Gallery
The Russian flag and the flag of the peacekeeping forces.


15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, Gallery
A convoy of Russian peacekeepers driving past an Azerbaijani checkpoint at the northern entrance to Shusha.


15th Signal Brigade (United States)
The 15th Signal Brigade (TEAM 15)  is an active duty unit of the United States Army, based at Fort Gordon. The 15th Signal Brigade trains and develops professional Signal and Cyber Soldiers and Leaders and supports the execution of academic Professional Military Education, Initial Entry Training, and Functional Training in order to develop adaptive Cyberspace operators committed to the Profession of Arms, who embrace the Warrior Ethos, and live the Army values; capable of effectively supporting and defending the cyber domain.


15th Signal Brigade (United States), History
LINEAGE (active)Constituted 30 November 1940 in the Army of the United States as the 15th Signal Service Battalion. Activated 1 December 1940 at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. Redesignated 15 September 1941 as the 15th Signal Service Regiment. Redesignated 14 December 1942 as the 15th Signal Training Regiment. Disbanded 31 May 1945 at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 15th Signal Training Regiment, reconstituted 23 September 1986 in the Regular Army as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 15th Signal Brigade, transferred to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, and activated at Fort Gordon, Georgia.


15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 15th South Carolina Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.


15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment, History, Initial battle
The 15th South Carolina's initial trial-by-fire occurred on Hilton Head Island during the Battle of Port Royal Sound on November 7, 1861.


15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment, History, Transfer to Virginia
Following the Regiment's service on the coast of South Carolina, the unit was transferred to Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) in July 1862. As part of Lee's Army, the 15th SC served in James Longstreet's corps in all of the ANV battles from Second Manassas onward, including Sharpsburg and South Mountain.


15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment, History, Battles in Kershaw's brigade
In November 1862, the 15th South Carolina joined Brigadier General Joseph B. Kershaw’s famous South Carolina brigade where the regiment remained for the rest of the War. As part of Kershaw's brigade, the 15th SC fought in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Following the battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, Kershaw's brigade were sent by General Lee, along with two divisions of Longstreet’s corps, to the Western Army where they fought in the battles of Chickamauga, Knoxville and Bean's Station.


15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment, History, Return to the ANV
In April 1864, the 15th SC and the rest of Kershaw's brigade returned to Lee's Army of Northern Virginia command and fought in the battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbour and the siege of Petersburg. In August 1864, Lee ordered Kershaw's brigade to the Shenandoah Valley where the men fought in the battles at Charlestown, Strasburg's Hupp's Hill and Cedar Creek. In January 1865, General Lee ordered Kershaw's brigade to return to South Carolina to oppose Major General William Tecumseh Sherman’s army during his march through the Carolinas.


15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment, History, Charleston and surrender
Following the evacuation of Charleston, where the 15th South Carolina was one of the last Confederate fighting units to leave the city, and the battles of Averasboro and Bentonville in North Carolina, the Regiment was surrendered, along with the remaining men of Kershaw's brigade, to General Sherman as part of General Joseph E. Johnston’s Army of Tennessee in Greensboro, North Carolina on April 26, 1865. Kershaw's brigade and the 15th South Carolina Infantry served as the last Confederate provost guard protecting food and ordnance stores in Greensboro before finally returning to their homes in South Carolina.


15th Special Forces Division
The 15th Special Forces Division is a division of the Syrian Armed Forces specializing in light infantry operations, based in the As-Suwayda Governorate, and headed by Major General Ghassan Al Yasmina.


15th Special Forces Division, Role
Syrians use the term 'Special Forces' to describe the 14th, 15th divisions, as well as the independent 'special forces' regiments, but they more closely resemble conventional light infantry units, than Western Special Forces in both mission and composition.


15th Special Forces Division, Role
The term Special Forces has been applied ostensibly because of their specialized training in airborne and air assaultoperations, but they should be regarded as light infantry forces and elite only in relation to the conventional armored and mechanized brigades of the Syrian Army.


15th Special Forces Division, History
Holliday wrote in 2013 that "the 15th Special Forces Division is a relatively recent formation, established between the mid-1990s restructuring of Ali Haidar’s former Special Forces Command" and the beginning of the Syrian Civil War.


15th Special Forces Division, History
Since it was founded, the division comprises four regiments under the leadership of Major General, Jihad Jaber, the commander of First Corps, and its leader, former Major General, Fuad Hamoudeh Brigadier General Esber Abboud, Brigadier General Ahmed Younis al Oukda commander of the 404th Tank Regiment, and Dean, Ahmed el Kousa 405 artillery commander of the regiment, and Brigadier Hassan Aizora commander of the regiment 44 special forces.


15th Special Forces Division, Syrian Civil War
Consistent reporting in mid-February 2012 showed that all three regiments of the 15th Special Forces Division had left their bases near the Jordanian border to join the fight in Homs.


15th Special Forces Division, Syrian Civil War
The Syrian Government committed at least one Special Forces regiment to Idlib in 2011 and strongly reinforced the region with three additional Special Forces regiments, an armored brigade, and a detachment of 4th Armored Division troops by the spring of 2012. The 76th Armored Brigade and 41st Special Forces Regiment arrived in Idilb by late February 2012, establishing positions in the north and south of Idlib Governorate respectively.


15th Special Forces Division, Syrian Civil War
Two of the Special Forces regiments that participated in the February 2012 siege of Homs also moved to Idilb, namely, the 15th Division’s 35th Special Forces Regiment, which moved to Jisr al-Shughour, where it secured the key line of communication to coastal Latakia, and the 14th Division’s 556th Special Forces Regiment, which occupied positions south of Maarrat al-Nu'man. Elements of the 4th Armored Division also moved to northern Syria after the siege of Homs, but it is unclear how long those elite forces remained. Most of the Division’s reported activity in the north took place that spring, and it is difficult to see whether activity or reporting tapered off.


15th Special Forces Division, Syrian Civil War
In mid-March 2012, troops from the 4th Armored Division, 76th Armored Brigade, and 35th Special Forces Regiment quickly cleared rebels out of Idlib city, but pushed rebels into the surrounding countryside in the process. The operation represented a relatively modest force commitment. Imagery released by the U.S. State Department showed between thirty and thirty-five armored vehicles encircling Idilb in the operation, which represents far less than one brigade’s worth of vehicles according to Syrian Army doctrine.


15th Special Forces Division, Loyalty to the government
Human Rights Watch and Washington Institute reports seem to confirm the existence of the 15th Special Forces Division, which appears to have remained steadfastly loyal to the government.


15th Special Operations Squadron
The 15th Special Operations Squadron is part of the 1st Special Operations Wing at Hurlburt Field, Florida. It operates Lockheed MC-130H Combat Talon II aircraft in support of special operations.


15th Special Operations Squadron
The squadron was first activated in 1942 as the 520th Bombardment Squadron. It engaged in antisubmarine warfare operations as the 15th Antisubmarine Squadron off the Atlantic coast of the United States until 1943 when the Navy assumed responsibility for the mission. It was disbanded in the fall of that year.


15th Special Operations Squadron
In 1944, the 15th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy was activated as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit. It participated in combat operations against Japan in 1945, receiving a Distinguished Unit Citation. The squadron was inactivated on Guam in 1946. It was again briefly active in the Air Force Reserve from 1947 to 1949.


15th Special Operations Squadron
The 15th Special Operations Squadron was activated in Vietnam as a Lockheed C-130 Hercules gunship squadron. It participated in combat until it was inactivated in 1970, earning a Presidential Unit Citation, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat V device and Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm.


15th Special Operations Squadron
The 15th Antisubmarine Squadron and 15th Bombardment Squadron were consolidated with the 15th Special Operations Squadron in September 1985, but remained inactive until 1992, when the squadron again activated as a special operations C-130 unit.


15th Special Operations Squadron, Mission
Global, day and night, adverse weather capability to insert, extract, and resupply special operations forces by low or high altitude airdrop or airland operations.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, World War II, Antisubmarine warfare
The first predecessor of the squadron was activated at Jacksonville Municipal Airport in late 1942 as the 520th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 378th Bombardment Group. The squadron apparently drew its cadre from the 18th Observation Squadron, which moved on paper from Jacksonville to Birmingham Army Air Field, Alabama the same day. It was originally equipped with a mixture of observation aircraft and medium bombers. Using these aircraft, the squadron began flying antisubmarine patrols off the Atlantic Coast.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, World War II, Antisubmarine warfare
AAF Antisubmarine Command soon reorganized, eliminating its groups and assigning its squadrons directly to its two wings. As a result, the squadron became the 15th Antisubmarine Squadron and was assigned to the 26th Antisubmarine Wing. Although assigned to the 25th Wing, the squadron flew most missions in the area north of its station, moving its operations to Langley Field, Virginia in 1943, so it was attached to the 25th Antisubmarine Wing until July 1943, when it moved its operations to Drew Field, Florida.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, World War II, Antisubmarine warfare
In July 1943, the AAF and Navy reached an agreement to transfer the coastal antisubmarine mission to the Navy. This mission transfer also included an exchange of AAF long-range bombers equipped for antisubmarine warfare for Navy Consolidated B-24 Liberators without such equipment. The squadron continued operations from Batista Field, Cuba until it was disbanded on 2 November 1943.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, World War II, B-29 bombardment operations
The second predecessor of the squadron is the 15th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy, which was activated as part of the 16th Bombardment Group on 1 April 1944 at Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit. It moved to Fairmont Army Air Field, Nebraska for training in August 1944 and received Bell B-29B Superfortresses designed for fast low-level bomb runs. The squadron deployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations, where it was stationed at Northwest Field, Guam under XXI Bomber Command's 315th Bombardment Wing.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, World War II, B-29 bombardment operations
It flew very long range strategic bombardment missions over the Japanese Home Islands concentrating on oil industry targets, particularly refineries and coal liquification facilities (26 June – 14 August 1945). No B-29s from the squadron were lost during combat operations over Japan. The squadron was inactivated on Guam 15 April 1946.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, Reserve operations
The 15th Bombardment Squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit at Hill Field, Utah on 1 August 1947, where it trained under the supervision of Air Defense Command (ADC)'s 402d AAF Base Unit (later 2344th Air Force Reserve Flying Training Center). Although the squadron was nominally a B-29 unit, it is not clear whether the squadron was fully staffed or equipped with operational aircraft. In 1948, Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC. The 15th was inactivated when President Truman’s reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force, as reserve flying operations at Hill ceased.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, Combat Talon
The 15th Air Commando Squadron was activated for the Vietnam War at Nha Trang Air Base, South Vietnam, flying the C-130E (I) Combat Talon as part of the 14th Air Commando Wing. Combat Talon was first operational as Detachment 1, 314th Troop Carrier Wing beginning 1 September 1966, as a support unit for MACV-SOG. On 15 March 1968, the detachment was discontinued and replaced by the squadron, which became the 15th Special Operations Squadron on 1 August 1968.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, Combat Talon
In Vietnam, the aircraft was used to drop leaflets over North Vietnam Army positions, and to insert and resupply special forces and indigenous units into hostile territory throughout Southeast Asia. Combat Talon crews operated unescorted at low altitudes and at night. It saw combat and performed special operations missions until 31 October 1970, when it was inactivated. The unit was consolidated with the 15th Antisubmarine Squadron and the 15th Bombardment Squadron in September 1985.


15th Special Operations Squadron, History, Combat Talon
The 15th was reactivated on 1 October 1992, to operate the MC-130H Combat Talon II as part of the 1st Special Operations Wing.


15th Special Operations Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


15th Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
The 15th Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 15th CCDI and then endorsed by the 1st Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee on 18 September 1997.


15th Street station (DC Streetcar)
15th Street is a streetcar station located east of the intersection of  H Street NE and Benning Road. It is located on the H Street/Benning Road Line of the DC Streetcar system.


15th Street station (DC Streetcar), History
15th Street station opened to the public as one of the original stations on February 27, 2016.


15th Street station (DC Streetcar), Station layout
The station consists of one island platform in the center of Benning Road.


15th Street station (SEPTA)
15th Street station is a subway station in Philadelphia. It is served by SEPTA's Market–Frankford Line and all routes of the subway–surface trolley lines. A free interchange also provides access to the Broad Street Line at City Hall station, which is connected to 15th Street by the Downtown Link underground concourse. The concourse also connects to Regional Rail lines at Suburban Station. It is the busiest station on the Market–Frankford Line, with 29,905 boardings on an average weekday.


15th Street station (SEPTA)
The station is in the very heart of Center City Philadelphia. City Hall lies across the street from the station, and attractions as Love Park, the Penn Center area, and the Comcast Center are within walking distance.


15th Street station (SEPTA), History
15th Street was the original eastern terminus of the Market–Frankford subway–elevated, which was opened by the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company on August 3, 1907, and ran west to 69th Street in Upper Darby. The line was eventually extended eastward to 2nd Street station in 1908.


15th Street station (SEPTA), History
In 2003, SEPTA rebuilt the station escalators, for which a lawsuit was filed by the Disabled in Action of Pennsylvania, citing that renovating one critical component would require the rest of the station complex (including the City Hall station on the Broad Street Line) to be renovated for ADA accessibity as per building code requirements. As such, SEPTA would be required to make the station ADA accessible. SEPTA and the City of Philadelphia had been proposing a $100 million refurbishment of City Hall station, which included structural repairs, improvements in lighting and ventilation, aesthetic improvements, as well as ADA improvements; however, this project's progression had stalled due to lack of available funding.


15th Street station (SEPTA), History
In November 2011, the Central Philadelphia Development Corporation awarded construction contracts totaling $50 million for the restoration of Dilworth Park above the station, following the eviction of the Occupy Philly protesters occupying the area; this contract includes the accessibility improvements for the station. SEPTA awarded construction contracts for the improvements in January 2012. Phase 1 of project consisted of a restoration of the Dilworth Park plaza, creating a "gateway" to the SEPTA transit station and installing elevators connecting to the street and Market–Frankford platforms at 15th Street.


15th Street station (SEPTA), History
Later phases would upgrade 15th Street station, City Hall station, and inter-station connections, as well as bringing them up to ADA-accessibility. The total cost of the project has risen to $55 million, with most of the money coming from a federal grant, with additional contributions by the City of Philadelphia, and non-profit organizations including the William Penn Foundation. The project was originally scheduled to have been completed July 2014, but was delayed due stairways, duct banks, and pipes encountered by construction crews that did not appear in any blueprints. The renovated Dilworth Park opened on September 4, 2014. In 2013, the passage of PA Act 89 (Transportation Funding Law) has allowed SEPTA to move forward with the $147 million BLT Architects-designed renovation of the 15th Street/City Hall station complex.


15th Street station (SEPTA), History
Construction at 15th Street station began in 2016 and was expected to be complete in 2018, with reconstruction of City Hall station began in 2019. Construction at 15th Street station concluded on October 21, 2019. In addition to new elevators and other infrastructure upgrades, the Market–Frankford platforms received new LED-illuminated artwork by Ray King. The remaining two phases of the project, which will upgrade City Hall station and the corridors between the two stations, is yet to be completed.


15th Street station (SEPTA), Market–Frankford Line platforms
The Market–Frankford Line platforms are attached to the Downtown Link concourse, a series of underground pedestrian walkways that provide access to SEPTA Regional Rail's Suburban Station, the Broad Street Line's Walnut–Locust stations, the PATCO Speedline's 12–13th & Locust and 15–16th & Locust stations, as well as the Market–Frankford Line's own 13th Street, 11th Street, and 8th Street stations. However, no free interchange is available to any of these stations, only the City Hall station on the Broad Street Line can be accessed inside fare control.


15th Street station (SEPTA), Subway–surface trolley platforms
All five subway–surface trolley lines stop at 15th Street station. The trolley platforms are located on either side of the Market–Frankford Line tracks, with the inbound platform south of the MFL and the outbound platform north of it. Because the platforms are located within fare control, riders do not need to tap SEPTA Key cards upon boarding the trolleys like some of the other underground trolley stations.


15th Street station (SEPTA), Station layout
There are four side platforms, two high-level for the Market–Frankford Line and two low-level for the subway–surface trolley lines. The trolley tracks are located slightly below the grade of the Market–Frankford Line tracks, as trolleys loop underneath the MFL at 13th Street station.


15th Street station (SEPTA), Image gallery
A BSL station entrance inside City Hall, which also shows MFL signage on entrance


15th Street–Prospect Park station
15th Street–Prospect Park is a local station on the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway. Located at 15th Street east of Prospect Park West in the Windsor Terrace and Park Slope neighborhoods in Brooklyn, it is served by the F and G trains at all times.


15th Street–Prospect Park station
This underground station, opened on October 7, 1933, has two tracks and one island platform. The Culver Line's express tracks run via a separate routing underneath  Prospect Park and are not visible from the platforms. Due to the alignment of the street grid, the station and tunnel were constructed about 100 feet (30 m) east of Prospect Park West, rather than directly under any street. This station was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2005.


15th Street–Prospect Park station, History
One of the goals of Mayor John Hylan's Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in the 1920s, was a line to Coney Island, reached by a recapture of the BMT Culver Line. As originally designed, service to and from Manhattan would have been exclusively provided by Culver express trains, while all local service would have fed into the IND Crosstown Line. The line was extended from Bergen Street to Church Avenue on October 7, 1933, including the 15th Street–Prospect Park station.


15th Street–Prospect Park station, History
Upon the station's completion, it served Windsor Terrace, a mostly residential area with brownstones and row houses occupied by European immigrants. It was also directly adjacent to Prospect Park and close to Green-Wood Cemetery. This station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 27, 2005.


15th Street–Prospect Park station, History, Service patterns
The station was originally served by the A train. In 1936, the A was rerouted to the IND Fulton Street Line and was replaced by E trains from the Queens Boulevard Line. In 1937, the connection to the IND Crosstown Line opened and GG (later renamed the G) trains were extended to Church Avenue, complementing the E. In December 1940, after the IND Sixth Avenue Line opened, E trains were replaced by the F, and the GG was cut back to Smith–Ninth Streets.


15th Street–Prospect Park station, History, Service patterns
Following the completion of the Culver Ramp in 1954, D Concourse Express trains replaced F service to Coney Island. In November 1967, the Chrystie Street Connection opened and D trains were rerouted via the Manhattan Bridge and the BMT Brighton Line to Coney Island. F trains were extended once again via the Culver Line.


15th Street–Prospect Park station, History, Service patterns
The station acted as a local-only station from 1968 to 1976, when F trains ran express in both directions between Bergen Street and Church Avenue during rush hours. G trains were extended from Smith–Ninth Streets to Church Avenue to provide local service. Express service between Bergen and Church ended in 1976 due to budgetary concerns and passenger complaints, and the GG, later renamed the G, was again terminated at the Smith–Ninth Streets station.