15 Camelopardalis
15 Camelopardalis is a triple star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis. It has the variable star designation DV Camelopardalis; 15 Camelopardalis is the Flamsteed designation. This is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of 6.13. It is a probable (99%) member of the Cas-Tau OB association.


15 Camelopardalis
This system includes a double-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 6.7 days and a large eccentricity of around 0.48, plus a third component in a wider orbit. The close pair consist of a very slowly rotating helium-weak star plus an ordinary mid-B-type star with a more rapid rotation rate. Together they form an Algol-type eclipsing binary with a depth of about 0.2 magnitude. The third component is a slowly pulsating B-type star.


15 Cancri
15 Cancri is an α2 CVn-type variable star in the zodiac constellation of Cancer, located around 980 light years away. It has the variable star designation BM Cancri (BM Cnc); 15 Cancri (15 Cnc) is the Flamsteed designation. This system is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of about 5.6. It is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 25 km/s.


15 Cancri
Radial velocity measurements taken at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, British Columbia Canada in 1918 and 1919 led to the determination that 15 Cancri is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system. The first orbit was calculated in 1973 by Helmut Abt and Michael Snowden with a period of 585 days however later measurements showed that the orbital period was 635 days.


15 Cancri
15 Cancri A, the visible component, is an Ap star, a chemically peculiar star with an over-abundance of iron peak elements, particularly silicon, chromium, and strontium, in its spectrum.


15 Cancri
Like all Ap stars, 15 Cancri has a strong magnetic field. This magnetic field varies as it rotates and in 1968 the visual brightness of the star was shown to vary regularly over about four days. 15 Cancri was given the variable star designation BM Cancri in 1972 as a member of the α2 CVn class of variable stars. The period has since been measured more accurately at 3.3095 d, believed to be the rotational period of the star.


15 Canis Majoris
15 Canis Majoris is a variable star in the southern constellation of Canis Major, located roughly 1,200 light years away from the Sun. It has the variable star designation EY Canis Majoris; 15 Canis Majoris is the Flamsteed designation. The star is visible to the naked eye as a faint, blue-white hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of +4.82. It is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 28 km/s.


15 Canis Majoris
This is a B-type supergiant star with a stellar classification of B1 Ib. It is classified as a Beta Cephei type variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude +4.79 down to +4.84 with a period of 4.430 h. The star has 12.8 times the mass of the Sun and 6.8 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 20,000 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 26,100 K.


15 Central Park West
15 Central Park West is a 35-floor luxury condominium at the corner of West 61st Street and Central Park West on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, opposite Central Park. The building was designed in a New Classical style by the 2011 Driehaus Prize winner Robert A.M. Stern. Construction was completed in 2008 for $950 million (equivalent to US$1.1 billion in 2019). 15 Central Park West was described in The Master Architect Series as one of New York's most prestigious residential addresses, and its residents have included actors, athletes, CEOs, hedge fund managers, and billionaires.


15 Central Park West, Development
The building's location, described as "the most expensive site in Manhattan" (purchased for $401 million in 2004, equivalent to $530 million in 2019, comprises an entire, albeit small, city block on Central Park West on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, formerly occupied by the somewhat dilapidated Mayflower Hotel (a 1926 Neo-Renaissance building designed by the architect Emery Roth) and a vacant lot. The building was designed in a New Classical style by Robert A.M. Stern Architects. It was constructed by developers Arthur and William Lie Zeckendorf of Zeckendorf Development, grandsons of real estate developer William Zeckendorf, in partnership with Goldman Sachs and Eyal Ofer's Global Holdings Inc.  15 Central Park West is considered by some to be one of New York's most prestigious residential addresses.


15 Central Park West, Design
As designed, 15 Central Park West is divided into two sections, a 19-story tower on Central Park West known as "the house," joined by a glass-enclosed lobby to a 35-story tower on Broadway. It includes such amenities as a private driveway to screen residents from paparazzi, a cinema with 20 seats, and a 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m2) fitness center with a 75-foot (22.86 m) swimming pool.


15 Central Park West, Design
15 Central Park West's limestone facade uses material from "the same quarry that was a source for the Empire State Building". The floor plan was designed so that almost all rooms have an open view and layouts that borrow heavily from the styles commonly found in the 1920s.


15 Central Park West, Notable residents
Notable residents have included actors Robert De Niro, Denzel Washington, Mark Wahlberg, and Kelsey Grammer; musician Sting; television writer and producer Norman Lear; baseball player Alex Rodriguez; NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon; and sportscaster Bob Costas. Several chief executives have lived at 15 Central Park West, including Goldman Sachs CEO Lloyd Blankfein; former Citigroup CEO Sandy Weill; former Barclays CEO Bob Diamond; former Yahoo CEO Jerry Yang; former Warner Bros president Alan F. Horn; and hedge fund managers Daniel Loeb and Daniel Och.


15 Central Park West, Notable residents
Entrepreneurs have also lived in the building, including Dmitry Rybolovlev and his daughter Ekaterina Rybolovleva; Jesse Itzler and his wife Sara Blakely; brothers Eyal Ofer and Idan Ofer; Les Wexner; Marcel Herrmann Telles; Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi; Omid Kordestani; and Min Kao. Both Zeckendorf brothers also bought units at the building.


15 Central Park West, Notable residents
Arthur MacArthur IV, the son of General Douglas MacArthur, lived in the Mayflower Hotel that previously occupied the site until 2004. When the building was demolished to make way for 15 Central Park West he moved to Greenwich Village. Another resident of the former Mayflower Hotel was Herb Sukenik, who received a $17 million payment to move out (including a park-facing condo for life). This is believed to be "by far the highest price ever paid to [relocate] a single tenant in the city of New York."


15 Central Park West, Critical reception
The AIA Guide to New York City lamented Robert A.M. Stern's "attempted re-incarnation" of the luxurious apartment buildings built on Central Park West between the two world wars. It criticized how "everything's exaggerated, retro and gigantic" and characterized the building as inferior to its next door neighbor, The Century.


15 Central Park West, Critical reception
The New Yorker architecture critic Paul Goldberger wrote that 15 Central Park West was designed to "echo" Central Park West's many notable late Art Deco buildings. He described the building in Vanity Fair as an "ingenious homage to the classic Candela-designed apartment buildings on Park and Fifth Avenues." He compared 15 CPW to the great apartment houses of the 1920s, 778 Park Avenue, 834 Fifth Avenue, 1040 Fifth Avenue, and 740 Park Avenue.


15 Cheyne Walk
15 Cheyne Walk is a Grade II* listed house on Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London, built in 1718. It was originally known as Carlton House. It is considered to be a replica of 4 Cheyne Walk.


15 Cheyne Walk
Notable former residents include the landscape painter Cecil Gordon Lawson, the engraver Henry Thomas Ryall, the Allason family, well known for their political and literary influence, and the Baron and Baroness Courtney of Penwith.


15 Cheyne Walk, History
When built, it would have been directly on the waterfront, and thus approachable by boat. With the building of Chelsea Embankment, it is now set some way back from the river, but it still has no buildings interrupting the view of the River Thames. It is a four-storey red-brick building with four windows on each floor at the front. The building is Grade II* listed but with a minimal description.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
The first person to live there was Admiral Sir John Balchen (then a captain), who lived there until his death at sea in 1744, aside from two periods in 1724 and 1725–28, when it was rented out to Captain Reginald RN and then to Captain Leonard Wynn RN.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
On Balchen's death the house passed to his son-in-law Commodore Temple West (later vice-admiral), who had married Balchen's daughter Frances. The Temple-Wests lived there until 1755, two years before West's death in 1757.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
In 1861, Henry Thomas Ryall was living there with his wife Georgina, niece and two servants.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
In 1871, Cecil Gordon Lawson (1849–1882), the landscape painter was living there with his parents (a number of his works still hang there), William Lawson of Edinburgh, a well-regarded portrait painter, and his wife also known for her flower pieces, along with his two older brothers Francis Wilfrid Lawson (1842–1935), a "historical painter and designer" and Malcolm Leonard Lawson (1847–1918), a "professor of music".


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
In 1918, Baron Courtney of Penwith was living there at the time of his death. Courtney was a member of Gladstone's second administration from 1880 to 1883 and served as Chairman of Ways and Means (Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons) from 1886 to 1893.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
In 1919, the now widowed Lady Courtney hosted the first meeting of the Fight the Famine Committee at 15 Cheyne Walk. The Save the Children Fund was to develop from that committee.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
In 2002, as a "wreck in need of renovation" it was for sale for £5 million.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
For about 40 years prior to 2002, it had been home to Lieutenant-Colonel James Allason MP, the Conservative Party politician, then his wife Nuala Allason (they divorced in 1974) and their son, fellow former Tory MP Rupert Allason, who also writes spy novels using the pen name Nigel West.


15 Cheyne Walk, Notable residents
The empty house had subsequently been used as a location for the 2002 film The Gathering Storm, about Winston Churchill's wilderness years. It was used as the home of Churchill's friend Sir Desmond Morton, played by Jim Broadbent.


15 Chronia Marinella
15 Chronia Marinella (Greek: 15 Χρόνια Μαρινέλλα, 15 Years Marinella) is the name of a double compilation album by popular Greek singer Marinella. The reason for its release was to celebrate the 25 years of Marinella's solo career (1967–1982), with recordings from 1967 to 1981. It was released in 1982 by PolyGram Records in Greece and it went gold selling over 50,000 units.


15 Clerkenwell Close
15 Clerkenwell Close is a building in London designed by architect Amin Taha, completed in 2017. The building's stone facade was controversial when it appeared, as it had not been fully detailed in the building's planning documents. Islington Council called for the building's demolition, but this was overturned on appeal. The building won a RIBA National Award in 2018 and in 2021 was nominated for the Stirling Prize.


15 Clerkenwell Close, History
Taha originally proposed a building with a bronze facade in 2012. Taha then replaced this design with one utilizing bricks before settling on stone. During construction, Islington council indicated that the brick facade was the chosen one on its website, apparently due to an error. The council had received and approved designs for the stone facade, but because they were never placed online for the public to see, the final facade was a surprise to neighbours.


15 Clerkenwell Close, History
Islington Council issued a ruling that the building be demolished in mid-2017 due to the error,  which the council withdrew after an inquiry from a legal team employed by Taha. After rescinding the first order to demolish the structure, the council issued a second in February 2018, following "an investigation" that determined the building's final design differed from the approved design. This order cited the location of the fossils within the stone facade as "[...] deleterious to the conservation area and listed buildings" due to their "haphazard" placement.


15 Clerkenwell Close, History
In August 2019, Taha's appeal was successful and the council's planning office granted planning permission, ruling that the building "accords with the generality of what had previously been approved" and removing the demolition order.


15 Clerkenwell Close, History
Taha lives on the top floor of the building with his family, and the building houses the offices of his architectural practice Amin Taha + Groupwork.


15 Clerkenwell Close, Design
The building has a limestone facade, with visible fossils embedded in the material. The limestone was sourced from Normandy, and acts as a supportive "exoskeleton" for the building, meaning the interior does not require columns or other supports. Use of limestone sourced from Normandy was inspired by the site's original structure, an 11th-century Norman abbey, also built from limestone, unusual for that time. The building includes a small public park to its left.


15 Clerkenwell Close, Design
Taha cites Alvar Aalto, Carlo Scarpa and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as inspirations for the structure.


15 Clerkenwell Close, Reception
Ann Pembroke, of the Clerkenwell Green Preservation Society, said she was "appalled" by its aesthetic departure from the surrounding buildings, adding that "If you want to do something outrageous don't choose a medieval close to put it in."


15 Clerkenwell Close, Reception
The building won a RIBA National Award, and was also considered for the Carbuncle Cup.


15 Clerkenwell Close, Reception
In contrast to the mixed feedback Taha received for 15 Clerkenwell, his firm's 168 Upper Street, also in Islington, was approved by the borough's planning committee.


15 Cygni
15 Cygni is a single star in the northern constellation Cygnus. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.90, it is a faint star but visible to the naked eye. The distance to 15 Cygni can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 11.0 mas, which yields a separation of some 296 light years. It is moving closer to the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of −23.6 km/s.


15 Cygni
This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III, having consumed the hydrogen at its core and evolved off the main sequence. It is a red clump giant, which means it is generating energy via helium fusion at its core. The star is 1.50 billion years old with 2.3 times the mass of the Sun, and has expanded to 12 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 93 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,920 K.


15 Days
15 Days is a casual adventure game developed by German independent developer House of Tales and published by DTP Entertainment. 15 Days was released for Microsoft Windows on June 25, 2010.


15 Days, Gameplay
The player controls three characters who are art thieves that steal artwork and give the money they make to charity.


15 Days, Development
The engine developed by House of Tales allowed the developers to use tracking shots and pans which are usually impossible with prerendered backgrounds.


15 Days, Reception
According to review aggregator Metacritic, 15 Days has a score of 63 based on 6 reviews.


15 Days, Reception
In a one and one-half star review ("Poor"), Adventure Gamers criticized the game for its gameplay, bugs, and lack of content, stating there were only two standalone puzzles, and that the most of the game is just walking between rooms looking for something to do. When you meet an NPC person to talk to, you just click a single dialog icon and they tell a player something, without any other interaction on the player part, no choices for what to say at all.


15 Days, Reception
Gamestar felt the game's puzzles were too simple for adventure gaming aficionados. Gameswelt praised the appealing and authentic nature of the game's aesthetics.


15 Days (TV series)
15 Days is a four-part British television miniseries starring David Caves, Catherine Tyldesley, Frances Grey and Bruce Herbelin-Earle. It was broadcast on Channel 5 on four consecutive nights from 13 May to 16 May 2019. The series revolves around a young man who is murdered by his own family; it then rewinds fifteen days to figure out why he was killed.


15 Doors
15 Doors is the second studio album by Japanese pop duo Moumoon. It was released on March 2, 2011 in 3 different editions: 2 CD+DVD (Type A comes with all music videos released until "15 Doors" and type B comes with a live concert) and a Regular edition.


15 Doors, Composition
All songs from the album was written by the member Yuka and produced by the member Kousuke Masaki.


15 Doors, Singles
The album has a total of 5 singles released. The first single of the album is the song "Evergreen", released on February 25, 2009. The physical single ranked #54 in Oricon's Weekly chart. The song was chosen as theme song for the movie Kafu wo Machiwabite and ending theme song for the TV shows Akko ni Omakase and Megadigi, both from TBS.


15 Doors, Singles
The second single is the song "On the Right", released on July 22, 2009. It ranked #50 in Oricon's Weekly chart and stayed on the chart for 1 week. The song was used for Dinos "Fuji TV Flower" TV advertisement.


15 Doors, Singles
The third single is the song "Aoi Tsuki to Ambivalence na Ai" (Japanese: 青い月とアンビバレンスな愛), released on November 25, 2009. It ranked #36 in Oricon's Weekly chart and stayed on the chart for 2 weeks. The song was chosen as ending theme song for the 3D anime "To (Too)".


15 Doors, Singles
The fourth single is the song "Sunshine Girl", released on May 12, 2010. The single ranked #10 in Oricon's Weekly chart, making the first top 10 single of the duo. The song was chosen as theme song for Shiseido's "Anessa" and Sony Ericsson × MTV "Transform Your Xperia" TV advertisements.


15 Doors, Singles
The fifth and last single are the songs "Moonlight / Sky High / YAY", released on November 10, 2010. It is the first triple A-side single of the duo. It ranked #18 in Oricon's Weekly chart. "Moonlight" was used as theme song for Aeon's "Full Moon Rose" TV advertisement. "Sky High" (Japanese: スカイハイ) was used as "H.I.S." campaign song. Although all songs are A-sides, the song "Sky High" didn't entered in the album.


15 Doors, Track listing
All lyrics are written by Yuka; all music is composed by Kousuke Masaki.


15 Draconis
15 Draconis is a single star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Draco, located 452 light years away from the Sun. 15 Draconis is the Flamsteed designation; it also has the Bayer designation i Draconis. This object is visible to the naked eye as a white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.94. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −7 km/s.


15 Draconis
This star has a stellar classification of A0 III, matching that of an A-type giant star. It has a relatively high rate of spin with a projected rotational velocity of 154 km/s. The star is radiating 286 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,980 K.


15 Eridani
15 Eridani is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.875. Based upon parallax measurements, the system is located around 260 light years away from the Sun. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 24 km/s.


15 Eridani
This system has an orbital period of 118.16 years with an eccentricity of 0.030 and a semimajor axis of 0.340″. The primary member, designated component A, is a magnitude 5.32 giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. It is a red clump giant, which means it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. This star has 1.44 billion years old with 2.32 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 72.4 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,960 K. The companion, component B, has a magnitude of 6.57.


15 Eunomia
Eunomia (minor planet designation 15 Eunomia) is a very large asteroid in the inner asteroid belt. It is the largest of the stony (S-type) asteroids after 3 Juno. It is quite a massive asteroid, in 6th to 8th place (to within measurement uncertainties). It is the largest Eunomian asteroid, and is estimated to contain 1% of the mass of the asteroid belt.


15 Eunomia
Eunomia was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on July 29, 1851, and named after Eunomia, one of the Horae (Hours), a personification of order and law in Greek mythology.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
As the largest S-type asteroid (with 3 Juno being a very close second), Eunomia has attracted a moderate amount of scientific attention.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
Eunomia appears to be an elongated but fairly regularly shaped body, with what appear to be four sides of differing curvature and noticeably different average compositions. Its elongation led to the suggestion that Eunomia may be a binary object, but this has been refuted. It is a retrograde rotator with its pole pointing towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (−65°, 2°) with a 10° uncertainty. This gives an axial tilt of about 165°.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
Like other true members of the family, its surface is composed of silicates and some nickel-iron, and is quite bright. Calcium-rich pyroxenes and olivine, along with nickel-iron metal, have been detected on Eunomia's surface. Spectroscopic studies suggest that Eunomia has regions with differing compositions: A larger region dominated by olivine, which is pyroxene-poor and metal-rich, and another somewhat smaller region on one hemisphere (the less pointed end) that is noticeably richer in pyroxene, and has a generally basaltic composition.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
This composition indicates that the parent body was likely subject to magmatic processes, and became at least partially differentiated under the influence of internal heating in the early period of the Solar System. The range of compositions of the remaining Eunomian asteroids, formed by a collision of the common parent body, is large enough to encompass all the surface variations on Eunomia itself. The majority of smaller Eunomian asteroids are more pyroxene rich than Eunomia's surface, and contain very few metallic (M-type) bodies.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
Altogether, these lines of evidence suggest that Eunomia is the central remnant of the parent body of the Eunomia family, which was stripped of most of its crustal material by the disrupting impact, but was perhaps not disrupted itself. However, there is uncertainty over Eunomia's internal structure and relationship to the parent body. Computer simulations of the collision are more consistent with Eunomia being a re-accumulation of most of the fragments of a completely shattered parent body, yet Eunomia's quite high density would indicate that it is not a rubble pile after all. Whatever the case in this respect, it appears that any metallic core region, if present, has not been exposed.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
An older explanation of the compositional differences, that Eunomia is a mantle fragment of a far larger parent body (with a bit of crust on one end, and a bit of core on the other), appears to be ruled out by studies of the mass distribution of the entire Eunomia family. These indicate that the largest fragment (that is, Eunomia) has about 70% of the mass of the parent body, which is consistent with Eunomia being a central remnant, with the crust and part of the mantle stripped off.


15 Eunomia, Characteristics
These indications are also in accord with recent mass determinations which indicate that Eunomia's density is typical of mostly intact stony asteroids, and not the anomalously low "rubble pile" density of ~1 g/cm3 that had been reported earlier.


15 Eunomia, Studies
15 Eunomia was in study of asteroids using the Hubble FGS. Asteroids studied include (63) Ausonia,  (15) Eunomia, (43) Ariadne, (44) Nysa, and (624) Hektor.


15 Eunomia, Orbit
The orbit of 15 Eunomia places it in a 7:16 mean-motion resonance with the planet Mars. Eunomia is used by the Minor Planet Center to calculate perturbations. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 25,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.


15 Eunomia, Orbit
Eunomia has been observed occulting stars three times. It has a mean opposition magnitude of +8.5, about equal to the mean brightness of Titan, and can reach +7.9 at a near perihelion opposition.


15 Eunomia, Orbit
Asteroid (50278) 2000 CZ12 passed about 0.00037 AU (55,000 km; 34,000 mi) from Eunomia on March 4, 2002.


15 Exitos Rancheros
15 Exitos Rancheros is a compilation album by Al Hurricane, Al Hurricane, Jr., & Tiny Morrie. It is the thirteenth full-length album released by the New Mexican musician Al Hurricane in 1980.


15 Exitos Rancheros, Vol. 2
15 Exitos Rancheros, Vol. 2 is the second compilation album by Al Hurricane, Al Hurricane, Jr., & Tiny Morrie. It is the fifteenth album released by the New Mexican musician Al Hurricane in 1994.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests
On 15 February 2003, a coordinated day of protests started across the world in which people in more than 600 cities expressed opposition to the imminent Iraq War. It was part of a series of protests and political events that had begun in 2002 and continued as the war took place. At the time, social movement researchers described the 15 February protest as "the largest protest event in human history".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests
According to BBC News, between six and ten million people took part in protests in up to sixty countries over the weekend of 15 and 16 February.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests
Some of the largest protests took place in Europe. The protest in Rome involved around three million people, and is listed in the 2004 Guinness Book of World Records as the largest anti-war rally in history. Madrid hosted the second largest rally with more than 1.5 million people protesting the invasion of Iraq; Mainland China was the only major region not to see any protests on that day, but small demonstrations, attended mainly by foreign students, were seen later.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Background
In 2002, the United States government began to argue for the necessity of invading Iraq. This formally began with a speech by US President George W. Bush to the United Nations General Assembly on 12 September 2002 which argued that the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein was violating United Nations (UN) resolutions, primarily on weapons of mass destruction, and that this necessitated action.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Background
The proposed war was controversial with many people questioning the motives of the US government and its rationale. One poll which covered 41 countries claimed that less than 10% would support an invasion of Iraq without UN sanction and that half would not support an invasion under any circumstances.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Background
Anti -war groups worldwide organised public protests. According to the French academic Dominique Reynié, between 3 January and 12 April 2003, 36 million people across the globe took part in almost 3,000 anti‑war protests, the demonstrations on 15 February 2003 being the largest and most prolific.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
The 15 February international protests were unprecedented not only in terms of the size of the demonstrations but also in terms of the international coordination involved. Researchers from the University of Antwerp claim that the day was possible only because it "was carefully planned by an international network of national social movement organisations."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
Immanuel Wallerstein has spoken of the international protests as being organised by the forces of "the Porto Alegre camp in reference to the emergence of global social movements who had been organising around international events such as the 2001 World Social Forum in Porto Alegre." Some commentators claim this is an example of "grassroots globalisation", for example one book claims that "The worldwide protests were made possible by globalisation ... But make no mistake—this was not your CEO's globalisation. The peace demonstrations represented, not a globalisation of commerce, but a globalisation of conscience".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
The idea for an international day of demonstrations was first raised by the British anti-capitalist group Globalise Resistance (GR) in the wake of an anti-war demonstration in Britain of 400,000 on 28 September. At the time GR was involved in planning for the Florence European Social Forum (ESF) and brought up the suggestion at an ESF planning meeting. According to GR's Chris Nineham, "There was considerable controversy. Some delegates were worried it would alienate the mainstream of the movement. We, alongside the Italian delegates, had to put up a strong fight to get it accepted."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
The proposal was accepted and at the final rally of the ESF, in November 2002, the call officially went out for Europe-wide demonstrations on 15 February 2003. This call was firmed up in December at a planning meeting for the following ESF which took place in Copenhagen in 2003. This meeting was attended by delegates from many European anti-war organisations, the US group United for Peace and Justice, and representatives of groups from the Philippines. The decision was taken to set up a Europe-wide anti-war website and to commit to spreading organisational coordination both within and beyond Europe. An email network connecting the different national organisations across Europe, and eventually also the different US groups, was set up.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
In December 2002, the Cairo Anti-war Conference pledged to organise demonstrations in Egypt and the International Campaign Against Aggression on Iraq (which came out of the Cairo conference) sought to co-ordinate more demonstrations across the world. Around this time, the US anti-war group International ANSWER called for actions in North America supporting the proposed protests in Europe.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
Another important platform for the spreading call to demonstrate internationally occurred at the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil which took place at the end of 2002. European delegates sought to popularise the plan for the increasingly international demonstration. They met with some success, including the organisation of an anti‑war assembly which was attended by almost 1,000 people.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, International coordination
The song "Boom! ", by System of a Down, had a music video filmed on the day of the protest, showing the many protest locations and people's opinions on the Iraq War.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe
Demonstrations took place across Europe and some of the largest drawing attendance figures in the tens of thousands in many cities. Approximately one-fifth of the total demonstrators worldwide protested in Europe.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Alpine countries
In Austria, 30,000 people (SW estimate) took to the streets of its capital, Vienna. In Switzerland in order to "concentrate the movement" most activists agreed to organise a single demonstration for the whole country in Bern. On the day roughly 40,000 people joined the protest in front of the Bundeshaus, the seat of the Swiss federal government and parliament. The demonstration, which ran under the slogan Nein zum Krieg gegen Irak – Kein Blut für Öl! (No to war in Iraq – no blood for oil!) was the largest in Switzerland since 1945.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Alpine countries
In Slovenia, roughly 3,000 people gathered in Ljubljana's central park of Kongresni trg, supported by the mayor Danica Simšič, and marched the streets in one of the largest demonstrations since independence in 1991.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Benelux
The Benelux countries had large demonstrations for their total population size. In Belgium organisers had expected around 30,000 people to attend a demonstration in Brussels, which is the home of the European Parliament. They were shocked by a turn out of approximately 100,000 people (WSWS and GLW estimate). The march took over 3 hours to cross the city. The Netherlands saw around 70,000 (USA Today estimate) to 75,000 people (WSWS estimate) protest in Amsterdam. This was the country's largest demonstration since the anti-nuclear campaigns of the 1980s. Anti war website antiwar.com reports that 8,000-14,000 people were present at protests in Luxembourg, however they do not provide a citation for this figure.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina saw around 100 protesters gather in Mostar. This protest spanned the sectarian divide with both Muslims and Croats attending.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Croatia
There were also protests in Croatia where 10,000 people (WSWS estimate) took part in a protest in the capital city of Zagreb. Croatia also saw protests in Osijek, Vukovar, Knin, Zadar, Šibenik, Split and Dubrovnik.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Cyprus
Cyprus saw a demonstration of between 500 (USA Today estimate) and more than 800 people (SW estimate) at the British army base in Dhekelia. Enduring heavy rain protesters briefly blocked the base. They then marched to Pyla village where they watched other demonstrations occurring across the world on a giant screen. The demonstration was mostly attended by Greek Cypriots but they were joined by some Turkish Cypriots.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic, over 1,000 people joined a rally at Jan Palach Square in Prague. Czech philosopher Erazim Kohak addressed the crowd, saying, "War is not a solution, war is a problem." Protesters listened to music and speeches before marching to the Czech government building, where they submitted petitions, then march continued to the US embassy.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, France
In France, there were demonstrations in somewhere between twenty (Observer estimate) and eighty cities (WSWS estimate); the organisers estimated that over half a million marched in total. The biggest demonstration took place in Paris, where around 100,000 (USA Today estimate) to 200,000 (WSWS estimate) people marched through the streets, ending in a rally at the Place de la Bastille. This location's role in the French Revolution was considered to give it a historical significance. There was also a demonstration in Toulouse of around 10,000 people.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Germany
In Germany, coaches brought people from over 300 German towns to Berlin to join a demonstration of 300,000 (police estimate) to 500,000 (organizers' estimate) people; the largest demonstration that had occurred in Berlin for several decades. Protesters, including members of Gerhard Schröder's government, filled the boulevard between the Brandenburg Gate and the Victory Column. ATTAC Germany's spokesperson Malte Kreutzfeld was reported as praising the broadness of the demonstration, saying "The churches and trade unions have linked to make the coalition far broader than even the anti-nuclear missile marches in the 1980s."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Greece
In Athens, Greece, 150,000 people (WSWS estimate) demonstrated. The protest was generally peaceful, but a small group clashed with police. The police fired tear gas at the group some of whom threw rocks and petrol bombs. Police reported that the trouble was down to a group of anarchists who had split off from the main demonstration.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Hungary
There was a demonstration in Budapest, Hungary, of 60,000 people (SW estimate)


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Ireland
In Ireland, the Dublin march was only expected to draw 20,000 people, but the actual figure was given variously as 80,000 (police estimate), 90,000 (BBC estimate), 100,000 (Guardian estimate) or 150,000 (Socialist Worker (SW) estimate). The march went from Parnell Square, passing the Department of Foreign Affairs at St. Stephen's Green, and on to the Dame Street for a rally where popular Irish folk singer Christy Moore, Kíla and Labour Party politician Michael D. Higgins were among many speakers from the platform. The march disrupted traffic for more than four hours. Protesters demanded that the Irish government stop allowing the United States military to use Ireland's Shannon Airport as a transatlantic stop-off point in bringing soldiers to the Middle East.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Italy
The biggest demonstration of the global day of protest took place in Italy in Rome. Nearly 3,000 buses and thirty trains were specially chartered to bring people to the demonstration, which was organised under the slogan "Stop the war; no ifs or buts". The organisers were shocked at the size of the turn out and the unexpected number of people forced the demonstration to set off two hours early.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Italy
650,000 people (police estimate) took place in a final rally at which there were many international speakers including Kurds, Iraqi dissidents, Palestinians, a representative of the American Council of Christian Churches and an Israeli conscientious objector who addressed the crowd from a stage hung with Pablo Picasso's Guernica. The size of the demonstration meant that the majority of demonstrators did not make it into the final rally and in total three million people (organisers' estimate, supported by the Guinness Book of World Records) were on the streets.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Italy
This was listed in the 2004 Guinness Book of World Records as the largest anti-war rally in history. According to the Green Left Weekly (GLW), the demonstration contained people from across Italian society; "Catholic nuns and priests marched alongside young people with dreadlocks, nose rings and Palestinian scarves. Christians, anarchists and communists mingled".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Malta
Approximately 1,000 demonstrated (SW estimate) in Malta. The weather was cold and rainy. After the demonstration an anti-war concert was held in the capital, Valletta.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Scandinavia
Norway saw its biggest series of protests since 1917. The biggest took place in its capital Oslo were more than 60,000 protesters (Police estimate and Socialist Worker estimate) joining a demonstration. Protests of around 15,000 took place in Bergen and Trondheim, and 10,000 in Stavanger. Small protests also took place in at least 30 towns across the country. At the rally in Oslo the vice-chair of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) spoke from the platform claiming that "Bush only cares about American oil interests".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Scandinavia
In Denmark 20,000 to 30,000 protesters (WSWS estimate) took part in a march in the capital city, Copenhagen.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Scandinavia
In Sweden, 35,000 demonstrated in Stockholm. and about 25,000 in Gothenburg. In Helsinki, Finland, an estimated 15,000 people participated in one of the largest mass-protests in the republic's history.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Poland
There was a demonstration in Warsaw, Poland of 10,000 people (SW estimate). The demonstration through central Warsaw passed the US embassy. Another protest, organized by the local Wrocław Anti-War Coalition (WKA), was held in the city of Wrocław in the market square by the town hall, with 400–500 people participating.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Portugal
In Lisbon, police estimated that around 35,000 people gathered to march through the city. Three former Portuguese prime ministers were in attendance.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Russia
In Russia, which had several demonstrations, the largest occurred in Moscow, with 400 people (WSWS estimate) in attendance.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Serbia
Small demonstrations also took place in Serbia, where there was a demonstration of 200 people (WSWS estimate) in the capital city of Belgrade.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Slovakia
It was estimated that 1,000 people marched in the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava. The atmosphere of the protest was described as "strongly anti-American and anti-government."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Spain
Spain saw demonstrations in around 55 cities and towns across the country; the largest was probably in the capital city Madrid, where between 660,000 (Government source's estimate) and 2,000,000 (GLW estimate) took part in what was probably the biggest demonstration since the death of the fascist dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. Barcelona also had a large, with estimates of 350,000 (Delegación de Gobierno), 1,300,000 (Barcelona city hall and Police) or 1,500,000 (GLW) people joining a demonstration which moved from the Passeig de Gràcia to the Plaça de Tetuan.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Spain
Spain also had demonstrations of approximately 500,000 in Valencia (GLW estimate), 250,000 in Seville (GLW estimate) (200,000 Government sources estimate), 100,000 in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (GLW estimate) and 100,000 in Cadiz' (GLW estimate) as well as over fifty other towns and cities across the country (WSWS estimate). The city of Oviedo had a population of 180,000 and a turnout of 100,000.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Turkey
The main demonstration in Turkey took place in Istanbul, thousands (SW estimate) demonstrated. The local authorities had banned the protest claiming to have worries about national security, however the protest organisers went ahead with the rally under the cover of calling a press conference. There were also demonstrations in Adana, Ankara, İzmir, Zonguldak, İzmit, Antalya and Muğla.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, Ukraine
There was also a demonstration in Ukraine of around 2,000 people (USA Today estimate) joined a "Rock against the war" rally in Kyiv's central square.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
The Stop the War Coalition (StWC), which had previously arranged a series of demonstrations and rallies against the Afghanistan war and the upcoming Iraq war, jointly called the London demonstration with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and the Muslim Association of Britain joined the StWC for this event.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
In the lead-up to 15 February, the StWC was organising the march from a small office donated by the National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education. As the event approached, estimates of the possible number attending rose and in the belief that it would be considerably bigger than the previous demonstrations they had organised StWC agreed with the police for the march to start from two separate locations; Thames Embankment for Londoners and those travelling in from the south, and Gower Street for those travelling in from the midlands and the north. They planned for the two marches to merge at Piccadilly Circus and then proceed to a rally at Hyde Park.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
The negotiations for this plan faltered when the Labour government's Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport Tessa Jowell initially instructed the Royal Parks agency to deny permission for the rally in Hyde Park for safety reasons and to protect the grass. Trafalgar Square was suggested by Jowell as the alternative venue, but the Mayor of London Ken Livingstone insisted it was of insufficient size. The government's decision was reversed by 5 February.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
Sections of the media supported this demonstration. The Daily Mirror gave large coverage in the lead up to the march and provided thousands of placards on the day. The demonstration also received sponsorship support from Greenpeace and Mecca-Cola.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
As the date for the march approached the BBC was predicting that around 500,000 people would attend, while the StWC was hoping for numbers to top the symbolically significant million mark.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
The British Stop the War Coalition (StWC) claimed the protest in London was the largest political demonstration in the city's history. Police estimated attendance as well in excess of 750,000 people and the BBC estimated that around a million attended.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
The weather, on the day of the protest was grey and cold, but reports noted that people remained "in high spirits" as London became gridlocked and protesters were stuck for hours at Gower Street and the Embankment, the two starting points for the march. The police began the march earlier than intended on safety grounds because of the number of people who had arrived in central London. Hundreds of coaches brought protesters from 250 towns and cities across the UK, with around 100 coaches coming from Wales alone. Many commentators noted the diversity of those attending the march. Euan Ferguson noted in The Observer that:


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
[As well as the] usual suspects – CND, Socialist Workers Party, the anarchists ... There were nuns. Toddlers. Women barristers. The Eton George Orwell Society. Archaeologists Against War. Walthamstow Catholic Church, the Swaffham Women's Choir and Notts County Supporters Say Make Love Not War (And a Home Win against Bristol would be Nice). They won 2-0, by the way. One group of SWP stalwarts were joined, for the first march in any of their histories, by their mothers. There were country folk and lecturers, dentists and poulterers, a hairdresser from Cardiff and a poet from Cheltenham.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
All police leave in the capital was cancelled for the event, though Scotland Yard later said that it passed off almost without incident.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
Protesters who managed to reach Hyde Park in time heard various speakers, including Harold Pinter, George Galloway, Tony Benn and Bianca Jagger however many were not able to reach the rally as those travelling home by coach had to leave before completing the march route. Protesters at the back end of the march did not reach Hyde Park until hours after the speakers and performers had finished.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
Charles Kennedy, then the leader of the Liberal Democrats, was a late addition to the list of speakers. There was some media speculation that he only decided to speak after a lead article in The Guardian was critical of his absence from the planned speaker list.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
There had been some controversy within the StWC over allowing Kennedy to speak since his party was committed to opposing the war only in the absence of a second UN resolution, but the coalition decided that failing to invite him "would have been divisive for the movement and would have fragmented anti-war opposition to the war."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
Because of the size of the march, accurate estimates of the number of people in attendance are difficult. It is relatively uncontentious that the march was the largest ever political demonstration in the UK and the biggest taking to the streets since the Golden Jubilee weekend in 2002.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
In an ICM poll for The Guardian (14 February 2003 – 16 February 2003), 6% of people claimed that someone from their household went on the march or had intended to. The StWC claims that this translates into 1.25 million households and thus supports the estimate of two million people, assuming that more than one person could come from each household.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
RadioVague in conjunction with the now defunct CableRadio broadcast speeches, music and interviews from the event to the internet throughout the day using a satellite uplink provided by Psand.net.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
A sole person demonstrated in opposition to the march outside the Iraqi section of the Jordanian Embassy on the day – Jacques More a writer from Croydon – with a placard saying that, although a last resort, war is necessary "[w]hen evil dictators rule and murder their own people".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
Ten years on writer Ian Sinclair assembled an oral history of the demonstration. Journalist Ellie Mae O'Hagan, a UK Uncut activist, told Sinclair that despite its size "it did absolutely nothing". Other witnesses, such as Milan Rai, are of the opposite opinion: "We achieved a lot, and a hell of a lot more than we realise". Tariq Ali, one of the speakers in February 2003, said at the tenth anniversary: "I didn’t quite tell them 'Blair is going to go to war regardless of today' but I knew that". "It was a huge show of anger but that's about it. It left no lasting legacy in my opinion."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, London
"One demonstration never overturned government policy overnight – or very rarely – and on something as strategic and massive as that", commented Seumas Milne in an interview with The Quietus online magazine in October 2012. "So if people imagine one demonstration is going to change everything of course that's wrong, but demos, protests, social organisation, trade union organisation, political organisation – all these things are part of the process by which things are going to shift."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland
In addition to the demonstrations in England, the United Kingdom also saw protests in Scotland. Anti -war activists planned a demonstration in Glasgow which ended at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) where the Labour Party was holding a conference for party members. The Labour Party requested that the SECC refuse permission for a stage and PA system outside the conference hall.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland
In response to this the then Scottish Socialist Party MSP Tommy Sheridan tabled a motion in the Scottish Parliament to allow the event to take place, condemning what he claimed were attempts to "stifle all opposition to warmonger Blair". The Labour Party was unsuccessful in blocking the demonstrators' plans. Tony Blair was due to give a speech at the same time as the protesters would have arrived outside the conference centre, but the speech was rescheduled to an earlier time to avoid this.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, Scotland
On the day around 50,000 people according to the Guardian joined the march, which started at Glasgow Green. By the time the front of the march had travelled the 2 miles (3.2 km) to the SECC, Blair had delivered his speech and had left the area. One protester was quoted as saying "We've chased him out of town."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Europe, United Kingdom, Northern Ireland
The Northern Irish march was held in Belfast, where 10,000 (Guardian estimate) to 20,000 (SW estimate) protesters from across the sectarian divide joined the demonstration. The march started at the Arts College at 14:30 and moved through that Royal Avenue towards Belfast City Hall. Prominent politicians from Sinn Féin, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and the centrist Alliance Party joined the protest. Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams spoke from the platform at the end rally saying "If President Bush and Mr Blair want war, it should be war against poverty and for equality." There was also a rally in Newry in County Down attending by hundreds of protesters (BBC estimate).


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, Canada
Canada saw protests in 70 cities and towns (WSWS estimate). The biggest took place in Montreal where more than 100,000 people protested (SW and WSWS each estimated 150,000) despite windchill temperatures below −30 °C (−22 °F). 80,000 people joined a demonstration in Toronto, 40,000 in Vancouver, 18,000 (by police estimates) in Edmonton, 8,000 in Victoria, 4,000 in Halifax and 6,000 in Ottawa. Some of the other major centres where protests were held included Windsor and Calgary


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, Canada
There were protests in 70 cities in total. These demonstrations took place despite very cold weather, average temperatures were below −35 °C (−31 °F). In Chicoutimi, 1,500 protested in windchill temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F) wind-chill temperature in what was one of the coldest marches on that global day of protest.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States
Protests took place all across the United States of America with CBS reporting that 150 U.S. cities had protests. According to the World Socialist Web Site, protests took place in 225 different communities.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States
The largest protests took place in the nation's largest cities including Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City, but there were also smaller rallies in towns such as Gainesville, Georgia; Macomb, Illinois; and Juneau, Alaska, among scores of others.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, New York City
Organisers of the New York City protest had hoped to march past the headquarters of the United Nations. However, a week before the march, police claimed that they would not be able to ensure order and District Court Judge Barbara Jones ruled against allowing the route. Instead, protesters were only permitted to hold a stationary rally.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, New York City
According to Donna Lieberman, executive director of the New York City Civil Liberties Union, judicial denial of a permit for a protest march was an unprecedented restriction of civil liberties, as marching and parading through streets to express various points-of-view is "a time-honoured tradition in our country that lies at the core of the First Amendment".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, New York City
On that day, over 300 buses and four special trains brought protesters in from across the country. BBC estimates that 100,000 protesters took part in a rally near the UN headquarters. Among those taking part was the 9/11 Families For Peaceful Tomorrows, a group made up of some relatives of victims of the attacks on the World Trade Center. Speakers included politicians, church leaders and entertainers, such as actress Susan Sarandon and South African Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, New York City
As people tried to reach the rally area they ended up constituting an unplanned march, stretching twenty blocks down First Avenue and overflowing onto Second and Third Avenue. In total estimates range from 300,000 to 400,000 protesters (WSWS estimate). The protests were largely peaceful though a small group of protesters who were reported to have broken off from the main rally, caused damage to property in Union Square, and threw stones at police officers, which resulted in forty arrests.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, New York City
There were numerous complaints that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) were too heavy-handed. Many streets were blocked off and protesters reported feeling hemmed in and scared. By the end of the day, police reported that there had been roughly 275 arrests; organisers dispute this number, claiming that there were 348 arrests. The local Independent Media Center produced a short video claiming to show inappropriate and violent police behavior, including backing horses into demonstrators, shoving people into the metal barricades, spraying a toxic substance at penned-in demonstrators, using abusive language, and raising nightsticks against some who couldn't move. However, NYPD spokesman Michael O'Looney denied the charges claiming that the tape was "filled with special effects" and that it did not prove the police had not been provoked.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, New York City
A CNN journalist reported that the crowd was diverse, including "older men and women in fur coats, parents with young children, military veterans and veterans of the anti-war movement."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
At a demonstration in Los Angeles, California, 50,000 (WSWS estimate) to 60,000 (GLW estimate) protesters (CNN said "thousands") marched down Hollywood Boulevard filling it for four blocks. Amongst the protesters were the actors Martin Sheen and Mike Farrell and director Rob Reiner. Martin Sheen, who at the time was playing a fictitious U.S. president in The West Wing, said that "None of us can stop this war ... there is only one guy that can do that and he lives in the White House".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
Other activists in California originally planned to hold a protest in San Francisco on the Saturday but they changed to the Sunday in order not to conflict with the city's Chinese New Year's parade. The protest was held on Sunday 16 February. The BBC estimated the crowd size to be 150,000 people, while protest organisers and police agreed that the crowd count was 200,000 people. However, a San Francisco Chronicle photographic investigation estimated that the number in attendance at the peak period was closer to 65,000 people, although it did not state how many people were in attendance for the duration of the demonstration.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
There was some controversy over Rabbi Michael Lerner not being selected as a speaker for the rally at the end of the demonstration. Lerner claimed that he was not picked to speak for reasons of anti-semitism due to his support for the existence of the Israeli state.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
The organisers responded with a statement that he was not picked because of an arrangement between the groups that organised the demonstration that there would be no speakers that had publicly attacked any other anti-war group and that "since he had publicly attacked A.N.S.W.E.R. in both The New York Times and Tikkun community email newsletters, his inclusion in the program would violate [this] agreement." They also noted that two rabbis with views similar to those of Michael Lerner would be speaking.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
In Austin, Texas, 10,000 protestors marched down Congress Avenue from the state capitol building.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
In Colorado Springs, 4,000 protesters were dispersed with pepper spray, tear gas, stun guns and batons. 34 were arrested on failure to disperse and other chargesand at least two protesters had to have hospital treatment.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
In Seattle, organisers aimed to have 20 to 30 thousand people join a march from Seattle Center following a giant blue planet, the emblem adopted by the march organisers. On the day 50,000 people (GLW estimate) turned out to protest under the dual slogan "Stop the war on Iraq; Stop the war on immigrants", more than on the Seattle protests against the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
Demonstrations also took place in Philadelphia, where thousands (CNN estimate) joined a march to the Liberty Bell, and in Chicago, where 10,000 people demonstrated (GLW estimate).


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, United States, Other U.S. cities
In Florida a small number of protesters staged a naked protest on Palm Beach. They initially had some problems getting permission for the action, but on the Thursday before, a U.S. District court ruled that the planned nude protest was legal at the public beach. Most of the attendees had come from the four-day Mid-Winter Naturist Festival that was taking place at the same time. There was also a demonstration of 900 people (USA Today estimate) on the island of Puerto Rico.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, Mexico
The chief demonstration in Mexico took place in Mexico City where around 10,000 people (USA Today estimate) joined a demonstration which ended with a rally at a heavily guarded US embassy. Among the demonstrators was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Rigoberta Menchú.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, South America
Protests took place across South America including Uruguay, where their protest took place on the day before 15 February, Friday. An estimated 70,000 people marched down Montevideo's Avenida 18. In Brazil, a protest led by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was attended by 1,500 marchers (Police estimate).


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Americas, South America
In Buenos Aires, Argentina, an estimate of 50,000 protesters attended which included veterans of the Falklands War of 1982.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia
Areas in Asia with large Muslim populations, in particular the countries of the West Asia, had the highest levels of opposition to the proposed Iraq war, however demonstrations in many of these countries were relatively small. One United Arab Emirates newspaper Al Bayan led with the statement: "The people of the world and more than one million Europeans demonstrate against an attack on Iraq while the Arab people and their leaders are in a deep coma."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia
The reasons for this are no doubt complex, but one factor that is commonly cited is the suppression of protest movements by the conservative leaders of those countries. A report by Asef Bayat in the Middle East Report suggests that "the Arab governments allow little room for independent dissent" as is shown by the fact that "Since 2000, demands for collective protests against the US and Israel have been ignored by the authorities" and "unofficial street actions have faced intimidation and assault, with activists being harassed or detained".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, West Asia
In Iraq, the country in which the war would take place, protesters marched down Palestine Street in Baghdad where several thousand Iraqis—many carrying Kalashnikov rifles—joined in the global protests. Unlike the vast majority of protests across the world the protest in Baghdad was also in support of the Baathist regime; it was called by Saddam Hussein as "World Anger Day". Protesters carried posters of Saddam and burned US flags.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, West Asia
A large protest also took place on the streets of Damascus in Syria, which borders Iraq. Protesters chanted anti-U.S. and anti-Israeli slogans while marching to the "People's Assembly" in a demonstration of between 10,000 (GLW estimate) to 200,000 protesters (CBS estimate and USA Today estimate).


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, West Asia
In Lebanon, 10,000 protesters (CBS, GLW estimate) took part in a demonstration in Beirut. However, the protest ended early when it rained heavily. There were also demonstrations of 5,000 people (GLW estimate) in Amman, Jordan.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, West Asia
In Israel there was a demonstration in Tel Aviv of approximately 2,000 (USA Today estimate) to 3,000 people (GLW and WSWS estimate). The demonstration contained both Arabs and Jews. It was organized by a wide range of organizations including the Communist Party of Israel, the National Democratic Assembly, the Arab Democratic Party, the Independent Media Center, the Alternative Information Center, Ta'ayush, the Gush Shalom movement, and the Organization for Democratic Action. However, it was boycotted by other left-wing groups, including Peace Now and Meretz. The demonstration was coordinated with a similar demonstration which took place in Ramallah.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, Other areas in Asia
Small protests took place across Japan mostly being held outside US military bases. The biggest demonstration of the day took place in Shibuya, where 5,000 (SW estimate) people marched. However, there was a demonstration of 25,000 in Tokyo on Friday, the day before as well as smaller demonstrations in Osaka and other cities. The Tokyo protesters contained Japanese veterans of World War II and survivors of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, Other areas in Asia
Around 3,000 people (SW estimate) joined an illegal demonstration in the Malaysian city of Kuala Lumpur despite police warnings that any participants in a protest would face stern action. The demonstration ended at the US embassy at Jalan Tun Razak. Taiwan had a protest of more than 2,000 people (WSWS estimate) in the capital city of Taipei under the slogan of "No Blood for Oil".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, Other areas in Asia
India saw protests across the country including 10,000 (BBC estimate) in Calcutta. In Bangladesh 2,000 people joined a demonstration in Dhaka.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, Other areas in Asia
In South Korea there was a demonstration of 2,000 people (WSWS estimate) which took place in the capital city Seoul. The protest started with a rally at Ma-ron-i-ea Park after which there was a demonstration that ended in Jong-Myo Park were the size of the protest increased in size to 3,000 people (WSWS estimate). Jong-Myo Park was surrounded by riot police who almost out numbered the protesters. Protests also took place in the South Korean cities of Pusan, Taegu, Taejon, Kwangju and Wonju.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Asia, Other areas in Asia
No protests were reported as having taken place in mainland China. According to a WSWS correspondent from Beijing there were two factors that explain the lack of protest in mainland China; "[Beijing's] appeasement of imperialism and its fear of any public protest, whatever its content." There was a demonstration in Hong Kong of up to 1,000 people (WSWS estimate).


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Africa, South Africa
In Johannesburg, around 8,000-10,000 people joined in a colorful and peaceful protest. They toyi-toyied and marched, stopping at the U.S. Consulate General where riot police formed a protective chain around the entrance.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Africa, South Africa
In Cape Town 5,000 (USA Today estimate) to 20,000 protesters (WSWS estimate) joined a demonstration march which started at 10 in the morning on Keizersgracht road and ended at the offices of the US consulate-general which was guarded by a ring of riot police, where there was a rally with speakers. Protests were organised by the Anti-War Coalition and the Stop the War campaign of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu).


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Africa, South Africa
Protests of thousands of people also took place at Durban and Bloemfontein.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Africa, South Africa
A number of prominent ANC politicians attended marches. At the Cape Town rally the South African Minister, Pallo Jordan addressed the protesters saying; "We will stop the war. The voice of the people will be heard."


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Africa, Tunisia
A protest of around 3,000 (SW estimate) in the Tunisian city of Sfax was attacked by police who beat the protesters with batons and truncheons, injuring at least 20.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Oceania, Fiji
Protests in Fiji took place on the day before, on Friday morning, heralding the weekend of demonstrations. Protesters handed floral Valentine's Day messages to the representatives of the US, British and Australian governments urging them to avoid the war.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Oceania, Australia
Friday also saw protests in Melbourne, Australia where around 150,000 people (BBC estimate) (Over 200,000 organisers estimate) joined a demonstration.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Oceania, Australia
On the Saturday protests also took place in Australia's six state capitals with 200,000 protesters (BBC estimate) demonstrating in Sydney, and an estimated 600,000 demonstrating in cities around the country. The Sydney demonstration included a feeder march of 10,000 trade unionists.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Oceania, Australia
Beyond the capitals, many major cities and towns around Australia had protests.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Oceania, Australia
At protests in Australia in Bellingen, New South Wales around 2,500 people (SW estimate) joined a rally at the towns sports ground. As well as hearing from speakers, the demonstrators were entertained by a group of a cappella singers called 'The Bushbombs'. The rally was about as large as the town's population.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Oceania, New Zealand
The first actual demonstration of the day took place in New Zealand where 10,000 people demonstrated in Auckland and Wellington. The Auckland march was bigger than expected, forcing police to shut off Queen Street. People were reported to be still starting the march as those at the front of the march reached a rally in Myers Park several kilometres away. In Wellington the march had to carry on after the then planned end point as there were too many people to fit into the park. Around 400 to 500 people marched in Hamilton. There were also protests in at least 18 other centres, including Dunedin, Thames, Opotiki, Whakatane, Whangarei, Timaru and Rotorua, and Picnic for Peace in Christchurch.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Antarctica
A group of scientists at the US McMurdo Station held a rally on the ice at the edge of the Ross sea.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Effect
At the time, many commentators were hopeful that this global mobilization of unprecedented scale would stop the coming Iraq war. The New York Times writer Patrick Tyler claimed that they showed that there were "two superpowers on the planet – the United States, and worldwide public opinion".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Effect
The unprecedented size of the demonstrations was widely taken to indicate that the majority of people across the world opposed the war. However, the potential effect of the protests was generally dismissed by pro-war politicians. The Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, claimed that the protests were not representative of public opinion, saying "I don't know that you can measure public opinion just by the number of people that turn up at demonstrations." In the United States, the then National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice was reported as saying that the protests would "not affect [the administration's] determination to confront Saddam Hussein and help the Iraqi people".


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Effect
Her view was borne out as the day of protests, along with the protests that followed it, failed to stop the war. However, the protests and other public opposition have been held up as a key factor in the decisions of the governments of many countries, such as Canada, to not send troops to Iraq.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Effect
Though demonstrations against the Iraq war and subsequent occupation have continued none has matched this day in terms of size. One explanation for this that has been suggested is that people have become disillusioned with marching as a political tactic because of the failure of these demonstrations to achieve their explicit aim. In 2006 three years after this day, in an article arguing for people to attend a further march, Mike Marqusee put forward two counter arguments to this.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Effect
Firstly he claimed that it was too soon to judge the long-term significance of the demonstrations noting that "People who took part in the non-cooperation campaigns in India in the 20s and 30s had to wait a long time for independence." and that "There were eight years of protest and more than 2 million dead before the Vietnam war came to an end". Secondly, he claimed that while the effect of marching may be uncertain, the effect of not marching would surely be to make it more likely that the occupation would continue.


15 February 2003 anti-war protests, Effect
Despite failing in its explicit aim, the 15 February global day of anti-war protests had many effects that, according to some, were not directly intended. According to United Kingdom left-wing anti-war activist Salma Yaqoob, one of these was that they were a powerful antidote to the idea that the war was a "Clash of Civilizations", or a religious war, an idea she claimed was propagated both by Western leaders and reactionary forces in the Arab world. This is echoed in the words of former Hizb ut-Tahrir organiser Hadiya Masieh who said of the non-Muslims marching in London "How could we demonise people who obviously opposed aggression against Muslims? ".


15 Feet of Snow
"15 Feet of Snow" is a song by Australian rock musician, Diesel. It was released in February 1995 as the second single from his third studio album, Solid State Rhyme  (1994). It peaked at number 29 in Australia in April 1995.


15 Field Ambulance
15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance (15 (Edm) Fd Amb) is a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve medical unit headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta with a detachment (15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance Detachment Calgary) in Calgary. The unit mission is to attract, train, force generate and retain high-quality health service personnel to provide health service support (HSS) to 41 Canadian Brigade Group and to augment CF domestic and international operations. An additional and important activity is to participate in activities that will raise its profile in Edmonton and Calgary.


15 Field Ambulance, History
15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance's lineage originates with No. 4 Casualty Clearing Station mobilized in December 1939 as one of the medical units of the 1st Canadian Division for service overseas during the second world war. No. 4 CSS departed Halifax on 30 Jan 1940 embarked in the Empress of Britain and disembarked along the Clyde on 8 February 1940. The unit was directed to Aldershot where it spent the next three years. The medical services of No. 4 CCS during the winter of 1941–42 were provided in a large country house that accommodated 130 patients. Patients expected to be ill for more than three or four days were transferred from a field ambulance to the CCS.


15 Field Ambulance, History
During the Dieppe Raid, No. 4 CCS remained in Dorking, England. Casualties from the battle were evacuated by landing craft back to the casualty reception area at Portsmouth and No. 4 CCS handled the walking wounded.


15 Field Ambulance, History
In 1943 No. 4 CCS was sent to Sicily and operated in Catania providing care for sick and injured Canadian soldiers. The unit followed the battle of the I Canadian Corps through Ortona to the Gustav Line, on to the Hitler Line and Northern Italy. In 1945, the unit moved to Marseilles, France, and to Belgium and finally into the Netherlands. No. 4 CCS opened with attached surgical and transfusion units in Brakkenstein, near Nijmegen.


15 Field Ambulance, History
At war's end, No. 4 CCS returned to Canada and was re-designated No. 36 Casualty Clearing Station in the Militia. In 1954, the unit was once again re-designated No. 23 Medical Company (Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps). 23 Med Coy trained to achieve the highest standards and won the Ryerson Trophy each year from 1961 to 1964, and 1972 to 1974.


15 Field Ambulance, History
In 1978 No. 23 Medical Company was once again redesignated as 15 (Edmonton) Medical Company. In 1991, 14 Medical Platoon of 14 (Calgary) Service Battalion was reassigned and became 15 (Edmonton) Medical Company Detachment Calgary. In 2004, subsequent to the reorganization of all Canadian Forces medical and dental units into the Canadian Forces Health Services Group, the militia medical companies were re-designated and organized as Reserve field ambulances and the unit became 15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance with its detachment 15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance Detachment Calgary.


15 Field Ambulance, Present day
15 (Edm) Fd Amb is a unit of 1 Health Services Group (1 HSG) and under operational control (OPCON) of 41 Canadian Brigade Group, consisting of all Alberta Army Reserve personnel. As a Canadian Forces (CF) Primary Reserve unit, members may serve on a full or part-time basis. Deployments are voluntary, and personnel continue to serve alongside Regular Force CF members. The Edmonton unit is based at Brigadier James Curry Jefferson Building, and in Calgary at the Mewata Armoury. The current Commanding Officer (CO)is Lieutenant-Colonel David Allen, CD (Apr 2019) and the current Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) is Chief Warrant Officer Suzanne McAdam,MMM, CD (Sep 2019).


15 Field Ambulance, Operations
15 Field Ambulance members have deployed in many domestic and international operations including:


15 Field Ambulance, Royal Canadian Army Cadets
15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance is affiliated with 2995 Medical Company RCACC, based in Lac La Biche, Alberta.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE
The 15 Field Squadron is a Field Squadron of the Royal Engineers a part of the British Army based in Wimbish.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Summary
The current title of this unit is 15 Fd Sqn (EOD&S) and is located at Carver Barracks, Essex.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Summary
Its previous title was 15 Field Squadron (Search) and was located at Claro Barracks, Ripon before it was disbanded in 2013.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Summary
15 Field Squadron (Search) is a specialist counter-IED search squadron, part of 36 Engineer Regiment (Search), which itself comes under command of 29 EOD & Search Group, under control of 8 Force Engineer Brigade. Whilst it is co-located in Claro Barracks, Ripon, alongside 21 Engineer Regiment, its own Regimental Headquarters is 36 Engineer Regiment (Search) located in Maidstone, Kent.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Summary
The squadron is one of only five specialist search squadrons within the UK Armed Forces and is at the forefront of the fight to defeat improvised explosive device (IED) threat to forces deployed on operations. When not conducting search operations, it retains the capability to conduct the full range of specialist military engineer support.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Summary
Prior to its current role, the squadron was a field support squadron role supporting 3 (UK) Divisional Engineer Group. As a Field Support Squadron its role was focused on the management and delivery of specialist military engineer logistic support. In Dec -April 1991 it deployed to the first Gulf War under the Command of Major Philip Crook RE and played a key engineer support role in the retaking of Kuwait.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Summary
One of its most notable members, Lt Philip Neame, is the only holder of both the Victoria Cross and Olympic gold medal.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Squadron badge
The squadron's unit badge is the Native American Indian Chieftain's head, with XV imprinted in the middle, denoting 15 Squadron. Whilst its actual origins are unknown, it is believed to represent its early work in Canada, where it was sent as part of the military construction force to build the Rideau Canal.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Squadron history
The Royal Warrant of 27 April 1825 authorised the formation of a service company of the Royal Sappers and Miners for service at Portsmouth. After training at Chatham, the new company, the 15th, moved to Portsmouth.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Squadron history
Since its formation 15 Squadron has been amalgamated and disbanded many times, only to be reformed ready to take on a new roles. Its history is one that includes service in almost all of the United Kingdom's major conflicts over a period of history spanning nearly 190 years.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Rideau Canal
On 26 March 1827 a Royal Warrant was issued that ordered the augmentation of two companies of 81 men each for works on the Rideau Canal. The officer commanding the 15th was Captain Victor. When the company was up to strength it sailed on the transport ship "Southworth" and landed in Canada on 1 June 1827.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Rideau Canal
The Rideau Canal was to run between the Ottawa River Kingston. It was to provide a link between Upper and Lower Canada that would secure it from attack by the United States, Lt Col John By RE was selected to carry out the project, and, by the spring of 1827, had completed his survey of the proposed route and had got it approved by the Earl of Dalhousier's land beside the Ottawa river. This settlement was named Bytown and the project headquarters was set up there. 15 Company lived in a barracks at Bytown on the present site of the Ottawa Parliament buildings. Sadly, during the construction of the canal, 21 members of the squadron perished. Lt Col By, the designer of the canal, is quoted as saying to the governor general of Canada:


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Rideau Canal
"I have the honour to report that I find the greater part of Captain Victors’ [ 15th] Company such intelligent and well instructed men, that they are of the greatest use to me".


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Previous unit titles
15 Squadron has undergone many transformations during its service, this is a list of all known titles used in its history.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Operational history, First World War
15th Field Company, part of 8th Division, commanded by Captain PK Betty. Served on the Somme from July to November 1916. 15th Field Company participated in the Battle of Asine (27 May to 2 June 1918), where it suffered heavy casualties. Took part in the attack on Neuve Chapelle (March, 1915) supporting 24th Brigade.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Operational history, Second World War
Participated in D-Day as part of 3rd British Division, landing on Sword Beach, commanded by Major HC Dykes.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Ripon
Both the Corps of Royal Engineers and 15 Squadron have a long relationship with the city of Ripon, North Yorkshire. 15 Squadron first arrived in the city in December 1958 following its deployment to Christmas Island supporting nuclear-weapons testing that was conducted on the Islands. It arrived as part of the re-location of 38 Corps Engineer Regiment (which included 48 and 63 Field Squadrons, and later 12 Squadron). In 1964 the squadron was tasked with levelling of the ground for a new cemetery in Ripon. In 1991 the Sqn deployed to the Gulf War as part of the Coalition to retake Kuwait, it was commanded by Major Philip Crook RE.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Notable members of the Squadron
Philip Neame VCThe squadron's most famous member who on 18 December 1914 won the Victoria Cross during the First World War as lieutenant in 15th Field Company. He later went on to reach the rank of lieutenant general in the British Army and is the only Victoria Cross recipient to ever win an Olympic Gold medal, which he achieved in the 1924 Olympic Games.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Notable members of the Squadron
"For conspicuous bravery on the 19th December 1914 near Neuve Chapelle, when notwithstanding the very heavy rifle fire and bomb throwing by the enemy, he succeeded in holding them back and rescuing all the wounded men whom it was possible to move"


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Notable members of the Squadron
He was decorated with the VC by HM King George V at Windsor Castle on 19 July 1915.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Notable members of the Squadron
In 2012, the squadron deployed a troop to provide personnel as a venue security force for the 2012 London Olympic Games. In honour of Philip Neame's achievement, this troop was named Neame Troop and was commanded by a Royal Engineer lieutenant.


15 Field Squadron (Search) RE, Honours and awards
The following is a list of honours and awards earned by members of the squadron.


15 Firwood Fold
15 Firwood Fold is a 16th-century house in Bolton, Greater Manchester (grid reference ). It is a Grade II* listed building and according to local tradition is the oldest inhabited house in Bolton. It stands separate from the other houses in Firwood Fold.


15 Firwood Fold
The house was originally built in a medieval style using the cruck construction technique, whereby A-shaped oak trusses on stone bases were covered in wattle and daub and thatch. It was later renovated and clad in stone. One of the trusses can be clearly seen in the gable end.


15 Great Hits
15 Great Hits is the fifth album by the rock band The Kingsmen, released in 1966.


15 Great Hits, Release and reception
The Kingsmen's fifth album was an amalgam containing seven new songs, one previously released single, four alternate versions of previously released songs, and three tracks from earlier LPs. The album entered the Billboard LP chart on August 20, 1966, and remained for eight weeks, peaking at #87. The album's sales were supported by the continued popularity of "Louie Louie" (re-released in 1966 as "Louie Louie 64-65-66") and the Kingsmen's busy touring schedule.


15 Great Hits, Release and reception
Both mono (WDM 674) and stereo (WDS 674) versions were released. International releases included Canada (Wand 674), France (Disques Vogue CLVLXS 101 30), Taiwan (CSJ 519, orange vinyl), and United Kingdom (Pye International NPL 28085). The album has not been reissued on CD.


15 Great Hits, Release and reception
This was the group's fifth and final album chart appearance, and the last effort by the 1963-1966 line-up of Lynn Easton, Mike Mitchell, Barry Curtis, Dick Peterson, and Norm Sundholm. Later in 1966, Barry Curtis was drafted and Norm Sundholm left to develop Sunn amplifiers.


15 Head Theatre Lab
15 HEAD - a theatre lab was a non-profit, professional, experimental theatre company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.


15 Head Theatre Lab, History
The company was founded in 1995 by directors Julia Fischer and Greg Smucker, and designer Joe Stanley. 15 HEAD focused on creating original company works, employing a unique method of communal creation to bring their productions to the stage.


15 Head Theatre Lab, History
Following two years at Old Arizona studios, they became a resident company at the Red Eye Theater in Minneapolis in 1997. Several former members went on the create the Minneapolis-based company known as Sandbox Theatre.


15 Head Theatre Lab, History
In its final years (after the departure of two of the original founders), the remaining company members utilized methods popularized by Anne Bogart and the SITI Company. The company was awarded a Jerome Foundation grant for their work in 2002 and 2004. 15 HEAD produced plays and offered classes in the Viewpoints method in Minneapolis from 1995, until the dissolution of the company in 2005.


15 Head Theatre Lab, Style
15 HEAD's productions were marked by a signature style featuring intense physical movement that included music, dance and visually dynamic design.


15 Head Theatre Lab, Style
A unique feature of 15 HEAD was its use of a broad, cross-disciplinary, collaborative rehearsal process. The company of professional directors, designers, actors and writers ignored the traditional problems between their specializations, so that all participants could provide input into each aspect of the production. Although 15 HEAD was inspired by stories, legends and myths through an extensive discovery and rehearsal process, the finished product reflected the individual and collective strengths of each of the company members.


15 Head Theatre Lab, Awards
Top Ten Shows of 1999 for The Mountain Giants -City Pages


15 Hudson Yards
15 Hudson Yards (originally known as Tower D) is a residential skyscraper on Manhattan's West Side, completed in 2019. Located in Chelsea near Hell's Kitchen Penn Station area, the building is a part of the Hudson Yards project, a plan to redevelop the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's West Side Yards.


15 Hudson Yards, History
15 Hudson Yards started construction on December 4, 2014. In September 2015, the project received $850 million in construction financing from UK hedge fund The Children's Investment Fund Management. Additional funding came from the New York State Housing Finance Agency due to the building's affordable housing component. The tower was topped out in February 2018 and opened on March 15, 2019. By January 2019, approximately 60% of the building's units had been sold.


15 Hudson Yards, History
In 2021, prospective low-income tenants of the building filed a lawsuit against Related. The suit alleges the company created a different address (553 West 30th Street) for 15 Hudson Yards' affordable units and that the tenants of those units would not have access to the same amenities as those in the market-rate units. The suit alleges the building does not have an actual "poor door" but does still segregate its tenants through a "poor address" and "poor floors". "Poor doors" were banned in 2015 by New York City mayor Bill de Blasio.


15 Hudson Yards, Architecture and design
15 Hudson Yards is designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Lead Architect and Rockwell Group, Lead Interior Architect  and features straps along the middle and top part of the building to make it more "fluid-like". Ismael Leyva Architects, P.C. served as the Executive Architect. Structural engineering as performed by WSP Cantor Seinuk.


15 Hudson Yards, Architecture and design
The building includes 285 residential units. The 50th and 51st floor are a 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) amenity space containing an aquatics center with a 75-foot-long swimming pool, spa, fitness center, yoga studio, children’s playroom, private dining suites, screening room, golf club lounge, wine storage, and business center. The building also features the "Skytop", an open-air terrace on top of the building that is marketed as the highest outdoor residential roof deck in New York City.


15 Hudson Yards, Architecture and design
The tower is integrated with The Shed, a cultural venue at the tower's base. Opened on April 5, 2019, The Shed hosts activities in a wide range of cultural areas including art, performance, film, design, food, fashion, and new combinations of cultural content. The building's lobby contains a large-scale wooden installation designed by American sculptor Joel Shapiro.


15 Hudson Yards, Notable residents
Residents who have purchased units include Philip I. Kent, the former CEO of Turner Broadcasting System.


15 Inolvidables (Marco Antonio Solís album)
15 Inolvidables is a compilation album released by Marco Antonio Solís on February 10, 2015. Acepto Mi Derrota was recorded with Los Bukis.


15 Inolvidables (Marco Antonio Solís album), Track listing
All songs were written and composed by Marco Antonio Solís


15 Inolvidables Vol. 2 (Marco Antonio Solís album)
15 Inolvidables Vol. 2 is a compilation album released by Marco Antonio Solís on August 7, 2015. It reached the number 4 spot on the billboard Latin pop charts.


15 Jash
15 Jash is a village in Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 687 in 2009.


15 Kenya Rifles
15 Battalion Kenya Rifles (15 KR) is an infantry battalion of the Kenya Army. It was formed on 13 March 1989 as an infantry unit based in the outskirts of coastal Mombasa. The unit took part in the UNTAG peacekeeping mission in Namibia in 1990.


15 Kenya Rifles
At the time of the Battle of Kulbiyow (27 January 2017) against Al Shabaab, the Kulbiyow base in Jubaland, Somalia, was held by 250 Kenyan and Somali soldiers. The core of the base garrison was formed by C Company, 15 KR of 120 men, organized into four platoons. The Kenyan company also included a howitzer battery as well as several mortars.


15 Khordad Foundation
The 15 Khordad Foundation (Persian: بنیاد پانزده خرداد) is one of the organization created in 1982 on the orders of Rouhollah Khomeini that intend to fix the economic issues of the families of martyrs, veterans, and founders of the Revolution. This foundation is one of the Revolutionary Institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran and is under the supervision of the Office of the Supreme Leader.


15 Khordad Foundation
The 15 Khordad Foundation in reality was a supplementary office to the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs. The scope of its activities included: the creation of the 15 Khordad Cultural and Literary Association, collection of documents regarding the 1963 demonstrations in Iran, organizing commemoration ceremonies of 15 Khordad, construction of 15 Khordad Dam near Qom, regulating supply of drinking water in Qom, and many more.


15 Khordad Foundation
The foundation is one of the organizations under the supervision of the Supreme Leader. After its creation the foundation was under the supervision of a council appointed by Rouhollah Khomeini, in which one of the members was Habibollah Asgaroladi.


15 Khordad Foundation
The several million dollar reward for the killing Salman Rushdie was offered by this foundation.


15 Lacertae
15 Lacertae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Lacerta, near the southeast constellation border with Andromeda. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.95. The distance to this system is approximately 337 light years based on parallax. It is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −19 km/s. The absolute magnitude of 15 Lacertae is −0.04.


15 Lacertae
The primary component is an aging red giant with a stellar classification of M0 III. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, the star has cooled and expanded to 37 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 295 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,915 K, giving it a reddish hue.


15 Lacertae
The secondary companion was discovered by American astronomer S. W. Burnham in 1888. It has a visual magnitude of 11.9 and is located at an angular separation of 23.6″ from the primary along a position angle of 159°, as of 2014.


15 Leonis Minoris
15 Leonis Minoris is the Flamsteed designation for a single star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.08, making it a fifth magnitude star that is visible to the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 61.7 light years from the Sun. The star has been examined for an infrared excess, but none was detected.


15 Leonis Minoris
This star has a stellar classification of G0 IV-V with an age of about 9.3 billion years, which suggests that it is an older G-type main sequence star that may be evolving into a subgiant as the hydrogen at its core runs out. The estimated mass of the star is 15% greater than the Sun's mass, and it is larger in girth than the Sun by +52%. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 4 km/s. The star is radiating almost three times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,859 K, giving it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star.


15 Lyncis
15 Lyncis is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Lynx. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.35. Based on the system's parallax, it is located 178 light-years (54.7 parsecs) away. The pair are moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +2 km/s.


15 Lyncis
A telescope reveals it is formed by two yellowish stars of magnitudes 4.7 and 5.8 that are 0.9 arcseconds apart. The two stars orbit each other every 262 years and the orbital eccentricity is 0.74. The components are a magnitude 4.7 evolved giant star of spectral type G8III, and a magnitude 5.8 F-type main-sequence star of spectral type F8V. The former has exhausted the hydrogen at its core, causing it to expand to 8 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 40 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,164 K.


15 Maiden Lane
15 Maiden Lane is a 1936 American crime film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Claire Trevor, Cesar Romero, and Lloyd Nolan. The plot involves an insurance investigator (Trevor) who infiltrates a gang who had stolen jewels from the eponymous building on Maiden Lane in the Fulton Street District of Manhattan. The neighborhood had been the center of New York City's Diamond District since the 19th century before its gradual relocation uptown to 47th Street after World War II. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City screened a restored print of the film in June 2013 as part of an Allan Dwan retrospective.


15 May Organization
Founded in 1979, the 15 May Organization or Abu Ibrahim Faction was a minor breakout faction from Wadie Haddad's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations (PFLP-EO).


15 May Organization, History
The name is drawn from 15 May 1948, the day that the British Mandate over Palestine ended and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War began.


15 May Organization, History
The group was led by Muhammad al-Umari (kunya: Abu Ibrahim), and took credit for several bombings of international targets in the early 1980s, including hotels and airliners, but is believed to have disbanded after members joined Fatah radical Col. Hawari's Fatah Special Operations Group.