1700 Cascadia earthquake, Future threats
The confirmation of their oral traditions about a great earthquake has led many aboriginal groups in the area to initiate projects to relocate their coastal communities to higher and safer ground in preparation for the predicted next earthquake. The Huu-ay-aht people have rebuilt their administration building on a high point of land in their territory; coastal residents are immediately evacuated to this building whenever a tsunami warning is issued, as an interim measure toward eventually relocating all residents to higher ground.


1700 Cascadia earthquake, Future threats
The Quileute people secured a land grant from the federal government of the United States in 2012 to move their settlement inland, both as protection from a future tsunami threat and because of more frequent flooding on the Quillayute River. The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe has also set a goal of moving their community uphill and has received a FEMA PDM grant to build the first vertical evacuation tower on their coast, scheduled to be completed near the Tokeland Marina by 2022.


1700 Cascadia earthquake, Future threats
Some other subduction zones have such earthquakes every 100 to 200 years; the longer interval results from slower plate motions. The rate of convergence between the Juan de Fuca Plate and the North American Plate is 60 millimetres (2.4 in) per year.


1700 Cascadia earthquake, Evidence
The earthquake took place at about 21:00 Pacific Time on January 26, 1700 (NS). Although there are no written records for the region from the time, the timing of the earthquake has been inferred from Japanese records of a tsunami that does not correlate with any other Pacific Rim quake. The Japanese records exist primarily in the modern-day Iwate Prefecture, in communities such as Tsugaruishi, Miyako (Kuwagasaki) and Ōtsuchi.


1700 Cascadia earthquake, Bridge of the Gods - Bonneville Slide
It was once conjectured that it may also have been linked to the Bridge of the Gods - Bonneville Slide and the Tseax Cone eruption in British Columbia, Canada. However, recent investigations using radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology date the Bonneville landslide around 1450.


1700 East 56th Street
1700 East 56th Street, also known as 1700 Building, is a 38-story luxury apartment building overlooking Lake Michigan and adjacent to Jackson Park and the Museum of Science and Industry in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Designed by Loewenberg Architects, its construction was completed in 1968, followed by a condominium conversion in 1994. With 369 residences, this was the largest Hyde Park condominium conversion in a decade,when a recession and soaring interest rates halted Chicago's condo conversion frenzy.


1700 East 56th Street
This is the tallest building in Chicago south of 13th Street.


1700 East 56th Street
The condominium conversion had five different unit designs, each named after a famous Chicago architect:


1700 Market
1700 Market is a high-rise building located in the Market West region of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The building stands at 430 feet (131 meters) with 32 floors, and was completed in 1968. It is currently tied with Two Logan Square as the 20th-tallest building in Philadelphia. The architect of the building was Murphy Levy Wurman. 1700 Market has the distinction of being the tallest building in Philadelphia built during the 1960s.


1700 Market
1700 Market is a 32-story, Class A trophy office building totaling 841,172 square feet located in the heart of Center City, Philadelphia. Sitting on 1.39 acres, the property also includes a five-story; seven hundred and thirty-five (735) space parking garage. The lower level contains retail services, building storage, and office areas. Positioned approximately two blocks from City Hall and two blocks from Rittenhouse Square, 1700 Market Street boasts the quintessential “main and main” location in the City of Philadelphia. Built in 1969 by Charles Luckman & Associates, the superstructure is cast-in-place, waffle-slab construction with precast concrete panels. Precast curtain wall concrete panels contain punch-outs with anodized single-glazed tinted glazing


1700 Naval Air Squadron
1700 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy was formed in November 1944 at RNAS Lee-on-Solent as an amphibian bomber reconnaissance squadron. It was equipped with the Supermarine Sea Otter, and the squadron joined HMS Khedive in January 1945 bound for Sulur in India. On arrival the Sea Otters were augmented with Supermarine Walrus amphibian aircraft.


1700 Naval Air Squadron
The squadron's aircraft were distributed among the escort carriers of the Far East Fleet for air sea rescue and minesweeping duties. By April 1945 aircraft of the squadron were serving in HM Ships Stalker, Hunter, Khedive, Emperor, Ameer, Attacker and Shah. July saw operations at Car Nicobar, and off Phuket Island.


1700 Naval Air Squadron, Present day
On 31 October 2017, the Maritime Aviation Support Force (MASF) at RNAS Culdrose was recommissioned as 1700 Naval Air Squadron. The unit provides personnel and naval aviation support to operations for ships and land bases globally.


1700 Pacific
1700 Pacific is a skyscraper located at 1700 Pacific Avenue in the City Center District of Dallas, Texas. The building rises 655 ft (200 m) and contains 49 floors of office space. It is currently the seventh tallest building in the city and was the second tallest in the city when it was completed in 1983, trailing only Renaissance Tower.


1700 Pacific
The land on which 1700 Pacific sits was once two triangular blocks separated by Live Oak Street. In 1977, one of the triangular blocks was purchased by Dallas Transit Board for a major transit interchange on a proposed underground transit system


1700 Pacific
The architect for the Tower was WZMH Architects. Berkeley First City L.P. first owned the building while Jones Lang LaSalle leased the building. Now, the current owner is Olymbec, who also manages the leasing. Olymbec is responsible for renovations throughout the building in 2016.


1700 Pacific
In 2008, Jones Lang LaSalle announced that a 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) fitness center named "Elevation" would move into 1700 Pacific.


1700 Zvezdara
1700 Zvezdara, provisional designation 1940 QC, is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 August 1940, by Serbian astronomer Petar Đurković at Belgrade Astronomical Observatory, Serbia, and named after the Zvezdara hill in Belgrade.


1700 Zvezdara, Orbit and classification
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,325 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1929 PM at Johannesburg Observatory in 1929, extending the body's observation arc by 11 years prior to its official discovery observation at Belgrade.


1700 Zvezdara, Physical characteristics
Zvezdara is characterized as an X-type asteroid in the Tholen classification.


1700 Zvezdara, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
In September 2009, two rotational lightcurves of Zvezdara were obtained from observations, after being identified as a good candidate for photometry. They gave an identical rotation period of 9.114 hours with a brightness variation of 0.10 and 0.13 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3-).


1700 Zvezdara, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Zvezdara measures 20.17 and 21.71 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.045 and 0.039, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.043 and a diameter of 20.86 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.45, similar to one of the lightcurve studies that calculated a diameter of 20.89 kilometers.


1700 Zvezdara, Naming
This minor planet is named after the hilly Zvezdara municipality of the city of Belgrade. It is the location of the Belgrade Observatory, founded in 1934. The Serbian word Zvezdara means "star-house" when literally translated. Zvezdara was one of two asteroids discovered by Petar Đurković, the other being 1605 Milankovitch. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 (M.P.C. 5449).


1700 in Scotland
Events from the year 1700 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1700 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1700 to Wales and its people.


1700 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1700.


1700 in piracy
See also 1699 in piracy, 1701 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.


1700 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1700 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1700 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1700 in science
The year 1700 in science and technology involved some significant events.


1700 papal conclave
The 1700 papal conclave was convened following the death of Pope Innocent XII. It ended in the election of Giovanni Albani as Pope Clement XI. The conclave saw a rise in the dominance of the zelanti faction College of Cardinals. It remained deadlocked for a month until the death of the childless Charles II of Spain. The cardinal electors anticipated that his death without a clear heir would cause a political crisis, and moved to elect a pope that was seen as non-partisan.


1700 papal conclave, Background
During his pontificate Innocent XII worked to improve relations with Louis XIV of France. He reached a compromise with the French king by agreeing to the confirmation of all bishops that Louis had created since 1682 in return for the king's promise not to make them abide by the Declaration of the Clergy of France.


1700 papal conclave, Background
The Habsburg Charles II of Spain was dying at this time and had no children. At Charles' request, Innocent advised that the throne pass to Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, due to the close kinship between Louis and Charles. Philip succeeding to the Spanish throne was seen as a threat to the balance of power by other European nations, leading to the War of the Spanish Succession upon Charles' death, which took place six weeks after Innocent's own.


1700 papal conclave, Background
Innocent XII's age and health had been a topic of conversation among European courts and cardinals, and when he became sick in November 1699 speculation as to the next conclave became more ernest. Despite this, France was the only great power to have a clear policy regarding the next papal conclave. Both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire were bogged down in extensive conversations in their capitals that caused a delay in their ambassadors receiving orders.


1700 papal conclave, Conclave
Fifty-eight cardinals were present on 9 October when the conclave began. Since Charles II was dying at this time, Spain's cardinal electors were unsure of how they should vote, and they did not work closely with electors that were loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor. From the beginning, it was clear that the impending death of Charles II was likely to cause a lengthy conclave, because the next pope would be expected to respond to the anticipated political crisis in Spain following Charles' imminent death.


1700 papal conclave, Conclave
Of the Fifty-eight cardinals present at the conclave, thirty-one were considered to be a part of the zelanti, with Innocent XII having created eighteen members of the College of Cardinals who were counted as part of this faction. The other two main factions were those loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor, who originally had only two cardinals, but eventually increased to four, and the French, who had five cardinals in their camp.


1700 papal conclave, Conclave
Galeazzo Marescotti, a member of the zelanti, was the first serious candidate proposed two weeks in to the conclave. He was acceptable to the Spanish, but was opposed by the French because they wanted the new pope who was not strong. Bandino Panciatici was suggested by Pietro Ottoboni, but he was not supported by secular monarchs because he had supported giving benefices to nominees who were independent of the secular authorities. Giacomo Antonio Morigia was acceptable to the secular rulers, but was opposed by the zelanti for lacking governing experience in addition to not being firm or having the energy required. Following the proposal of these candidates, others came up as well, but were quickly rejected.


1700 papal conclave, Election of Clement XI
The conclave remained deadlocked until the electors were informed of Charles II's death in November. The electors present understood that with Charles' death, the next pope would need to be politically impartial, so a member of the zelanti was preferred. Giovanni Albani, who had drafted the bull outlawing nepotism, soon became the leading candidate for the papacy.


1700 papal conclave, Election of Clement XI
The French were initially opposed to Albani's election, but they quickly dropped their opposition to him. He was elected unanimously on 23 November 1700. He was unsure whether he should accept the papacy due to the fact that he had nephews who he suspected would be angry if he followed the bull on nepotism. He was eventually convinced to accept the papacy by theologians who told him that not accepting a unanimous election would not be following the Holy Spirit.


1700 papal conclave, Election of Clement XI
Albani was created a cardinal deacon in 1690 by Alexander VIII, but he did not receive ordination to the priesthood until shortly before the conclave began. Albani was not a bishop, and had to receive episcopal consecration after his election before he could be crowned pope. Albani had been elected on the feast day of Pope Clement I, and took the name of Clement XI to honour the saint. At fifty-one, Albani was younger than any other pope who had been elected in almost two centuries. Albani was the candidate of the zelanti in this conclave, and his election represented a success for them.


1700s (decade)
The 1700s decade ran from January 1, 1700, to December 31, 1709.


1700s (decade)
The decade is marked by a shift in the political structure of the Indian subcontinent, and the decline of the Mughal Empire.


1700s BC (decade)
The 1700s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1709 BC to December 31, 1700 BC.


1700s in Scotland
A list of events and people in Scotland in the 1700s:


1700s in Scotland, Incumbents
Duke of Rothesay, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland, etc.


1700s in Scotland, Incumbents
(*Following the Act of Union of 1707, Anne became the Queen of the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain.)


1700s in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during the 1700s in South Africa.


1700s in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the decade 1700–1709 to Wales and its people.


1700s in archaeology
The decade of the 1700s in archaeology involved some significant events.


1700th Air Transport Group
The 1700th Air Transport Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the Continental Division, Military Air Transport Service, stationed at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas. It was inactivated on 1 May 1957.


1700th Air Transport Group, History
Established at Kelly Field after World War II concurrently with the establishment of the Military Air Transport Service Continental Division Headquarters. With Material Command's large aircraft depot maintenance and supply facilities at Kelly, provided worldwide transport of supplies and equipment to all parts of the world. Operated large fleets of C-54s, C-97s and primarily C-124 Globemaster II transports, frequently forming transport squadrons then once trained and equipped would reassign them to new MATS organizations. During the 1950s, the 1700th operated most of the MATS transport aircraft as well as passenger aircraft.


1700th Air Transport Group, History
Inactivated in May 1957 when Air Force Logistics Command became controlling organization at Kelly AFB, and MATS realigned its organization to focus more on overseas transports and the inactivation of its Continental Division.


1700–1750 in Western fashion
Fashion in the period 1690–1740 in European and European-influenced countries is characterized by a widening silhouette for both men and women following the tall, narrow look of the 1680s and 90s. This era is defined as late Baroque/Rococo style. The new fashion trends introduced during this era had a greater impact on society, affecting not only royalty and aristocrats, but also middle and even lower classes. Clothing during this time can be characterized by soft pastels, light, airy, and asymmetrical designs, and playful styles. Wigs remained essential for men and women of substance, and were often white; natural hair was powdered to achieve the fashionable look. The costume of the eighteenth century, if lacking in the refinement and grace of earlier times, was distinctly quaint and picturesque.


1700–1750 in Western fashion
Distinction was made in this period between full dress worn at court and for formal occasions, and undress or everyday, daytime clothes. As the decades progressed, fewer and fewer occasions called for full dress, which had all but disappeared by the end of the century.


1700–1750 in Western fashion
Fashion designers became more recognizable during this period, as men and women were eager to be dressed in the latest trends and styles. Fashion magazines emerged during this era, originally aimed at educated readers, but quickly capturing the attention of lower classes with their colorful illustrations and up-to-date fashion news.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
In the early decades of the new century, formal dress consisted of the stiff-bodiced mantua. A closed (or "round") petticoat, sometimes worn with an apron, replaced the open draped mantua skirt of the previous period. This formal style then gave way to more relaxed fashions.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
The robe à la française or sack-back gown had a tight bodice with a low-cut square neckline, usually with large ribbon bows down the front, wide panniers, and was lavishly trimmed with all manner of lace, ribbon, and flowers. With flowing pleats from the shoulders was originally an undress fashion. At its most informal, this gown was unfitted both front and back and called a sacque. With a more relaxed style came a shift away from heavy fabrics, such as satin and velvet, to Indian cotton, silks and damasks.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
Also, these gowns were often made in lighter pastel shades that gave off a warm, graceful and childlike appearance. Later, for formal wear, the front was fitted to the body by means of a tightly-laced underbodice, while the back fell in loose box pleats called "Watteau pleats" from their appearance in the paintings of Antoine Watteau.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
The less formal robe à l'anglaise, Close-bodied gown or "nightgown" also had a pleated back, but the pleats were sewn down to fit the bodice to the body to the waist. It featured a snug bodice with a full skirt worn without panniers, usually cut a bit longer in the back to form a small train, and often some type of lace kerchief was worn around the neckline.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
Either gown could be closed in front (a "round gown") or open to reveal a matching or contrasting petticoat. Open-fronted bodices could be filled in with a decorative stomacher, and toward the end of the period a lace or linen kerchief called a fichu could be worn to fill in the low neckline.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
Sleeves were bell- or trumpet-shaped, and caught up at the elbow to show the frilled or lace-trimmed sleeves of the shift (chemise) beneath. Sleeves became narrower as the period progressed, with a frill at the elbow, and elaborate separate ruffles called engageantes were tacked to the shift sleeves, in a fashion that would persist into the 1770s.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Gowns and dresses
Necklines on dresses became more open as time went on allowing for greater display of ornamentation of the neck area. A thick band of lace was often sewed onto the neckline of a gown with ribbons, flowers, and/or jewels adorning the lace. Jewelry such as strings of pearls, ribbons, or lace frills were tied high on the neck. Finally, one other large element of 18th century women's dress wear became the addition of the frilled neckband, a separate piece from the rest of the dress. This ornament was popularized sometime around 1730 .


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
The stays of the early 18th century were long-waisting and cut with a narrow back, wide front, and shoulder straps; the most fashionable stays pulled the shoulders back until the shoulder blades almost touched. The resulting  silhouette, with shoulders thrown back, very erect posture and a high, full bosom, is characteristic of this period and no other.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
Skirts were worn over small, domed hoops, called panniers, in the 1730s and early 1740s. Depending on the occasion, these panniers varied in size. Smaller hoops were worn in everyday settings and larger hoops for more formal occasions, which later widened to as much as three feet to either side at the French court of Marie Antoinette.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
The shift (chemise) or smock had full sleeves early in the period and tight, elbow-length sleeves in the 1740s as the sleeves of the gown narrowed.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
Some women wore drawers (underpants) in England. For instance, as early as 1676 inventory of Hillard Veren had "3 pair of women drawers". Although, they are not common in English or New England inventories during the 17th and 18th century.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
Woolen waistcoats were worn over the corset and under the gown for warmth, as were petticoats quilted with wool batting.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
Free-hanging pockets were tied around the waist and were accessed through pocket slits in the gown or petticoat.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Underwear
Loose gowns, sometimes with a wrapped or surplice front closure, were worn over the shift (chemise), petticoat and stays (corset) for at-home wear, and it was fashionable to have one's portrait painted wearing these fashions.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Outerwear
Riding habits consisted of a fitted, thigh- or knee-length coat similar to those worn by men, usually with a matching petticoat. Ladies wore masculine-inspired shirts and tricorne hats for riding and hunting.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Outerwear
When outdoors, ladies also wore elbow-length capes, often lined with fur for warmth.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Fabrics and colors
In the early years of this period, pastel silk hoods and light colors became fashionable at the French court for mature women, under the influence of Madame de Maintenon. Younger women also wore light or bright colors, but the preference was for solid-colored or floral silks with ornamentation.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Fabrics and colors
Gradually, trim in the form of applied lace and fabric robings (strips of ruched, gathered or pleated fabric) replaced the plain style. Ribbon bows, lacing, and rosettes became popular, as did boldly patterned fabrics. Silk gowns and stomachers were often intricately embroidered in floral and life motifs, demonstrating great attention to detail and care for an accurate portrayal of nature. A mid-century vogue for striped fabrics had the stripes running different directions on the trim and the body of the gown.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Fabrics and colors
Chintz, Indian cotton fabric with block-printed imaging on a white base, was wildly fashionable. Bans against their importation to protect the British silk, linen and woolen industries did nothing to reduce their desirability. Brocaded silks and woolens had similar colorful floral patterns on light-colored grounds. Blends of wool and silk or wool and linen (linsey-woolsey) were popular. Until the 1730s, European textiles were of inferior quality that could not match the complex fashionable designs of Indian calicoes. Europe was able to produce high quality petit teints (colors that faded with light and washing), but they were unable to produce grand teints (permanent colors resistant to light and wear).


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Footwear and accessories
The shoe of the previous period with its curved heel, squarish toe, and tie over the instep gave way in the second decade of the 18th century to a shoe with a high, curved heel. Backless mules were worn indoors and out (but not on the street). Toes were now pointed. This style of shoe would remain popular well into the next period. Shoes at the time had many variations of decoration, some even included metal wrapped threads.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Footwear and accessories
Women, particularly in France, began wearing a boutonnière, or a small bouquet of fresh flowers in a "bosom bottle." About four inches in length, these glass or tin bottles were small enough to discreetly tuck into the bosom or hair, but also just large enough to contain water to keep the flowers from wilting.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Makeup
An 18th-century toilette began with a heavy white foundation made from white lead, egg white, and a variety of other substances. This was overlaid with white powder (typically potato or rice powder), rouge, and deep red or cherry lip color.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Women's fashion, Makeup
Tiny pieces of fabric, known as patches, in the shapes of dots, hearts, stars, etc. were applied to the face with adhesive. The fashion is thought to have originated as a way of disguising pox scars and other blemishes, but gradually developed coded meanings. A patch near the mouth signified flirtatiousness; one on the right cheek denoted marriage; one on the left cheek announced engagement; one at the corner of the eye signified a mistress.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Suits
The male suit, also known as the habit à la française, made of three parts: the justaucorps, a jacket, and breeches. The waistcoat was the most decorative piece, usually lavishly embroidered or displaying patterned fabrics. In the early 18th century the Breeches usually stopped at the knee, with white stockings worn underneath and heeled shoes, which usually had large square buckles. Coats were worn closer to the body and were not as skirt-like as during the Baroque era. They were also worn more open to showcase the elaborate waistcoats...


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Suits
The skirts of the coat remained wide and were stiffened by buckram, horsehair, and other means to fan out over the hips. The front edges of the coat, which previously had been cut straight, began to curve slightly towards the back to reveal more of the waistcoat  Fabrics for men were primarily silks, velvets, and brocades, with woolens used for the middle class and for sporting costumes.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Suits, Coat
When the coat began to be worn in the 1600s, it was cut with little shaping to the figure and hung loosely from the shoulders to just below the knee. There were long vents from waist to hem at the sides and center-back, generally edged with buttons and buttonholes. During the 1670s and 1680s, the coat became closer-fitting with a slight shaping at the waist to produce a longer, narrower, more severe line. Sleeves were worn longer and tighter but still with cuffs. The slim, straight line was emphasized by low-set vertical pockets, but in the late 1680s, these were largely replaced by horizontal pockets which were later given flaps.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Suits, Breeches
Knee-breeches had a center-front opening, fastened at the waist, and were worn without other support. The legs were gathered into a band above or below the knee, closing with ties, buttons or a buckle or strap. Stockings were drawn up over the knees and covered the lower edge of the breeches.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Footwear
In the early 18th century, men's shoes continued to have a squared toe, but the heels were not as high. From 1720-1730, the heels became even smaller, and the shoes became more comfortable, no longer containing a block toe. The shoes from the first half of the century often contained an oblong buckle usually embedded with stones.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Accessories
Upper-class men often wore a cane as part of their outfits, suspending it by a loop from one of their waistcoat buttons to allow their hands to properly hold snuff-boxes or handkerchiefs. The cane was thus less functional and rather for the sake of fashion.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Hairstyles and headgear
Wigs in a variety of styles were worn for different occasions and by different age groups.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Hairstyles and headgear
The large high parted wig of the 1690s remained popular from 1700 until around 1720. During this time various colors were worn, but white was becoming more popular and the curls were getting tighter. The cadogan style of men's hair developed and became popular during this period, with horizontal rolls of hair over the ears. Later, wigs or the natural hair were worn long, brushed back from the forehead and clubbed or tied back at the nape of the neck with a black ribbon. From about 1720, a bag wig gathered the back hair in a black silk bag. Black ribbons attached to the bag were brought to the front and tied in a bow in a style called a "solitaire".


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Men's fashion, Hairstyles and headgear
Wide-brimmed hats with brims turned up on three sides into tricornes were worn throughout the era. They were an essential element to the "domino", a stylish costume for masquerade balls, which became an increasingly popular mode of entertainment. The "domino" style consisted of a mask, a long cape, and a tricorne hat, all usually constructed of dark colors.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
Toddler boys and girls wore low-necked gowns. Leading strings—narrow straps of fabric attached to the gown at the shoulder—functioned as a sort of leash to keep the child from straying too far or falling as they learned to walk.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
Children older than toddlers continued to wear clothing which was in many respects simply a smaller version of adult clothing. Although it is often said that children wore miniature versions of adult clothing, this is something of a myth. Girls wore back-fastening gowns, trimmed much more simply than women's. The skirt of a girl's gown was not split down the front, as women's typically were. Girls did not wear jackets or bedgowns.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
Boys wore shirts, breeches, waistcoats and coats a man would, but often wore their necks open, and the coat was fitted and trimmed differently from a man's, and boys often went bareheaded. During some decades of the 18th Century, boys' shirts and coats had different collars and cuffs than a man's. Even if the size is not apparent, it is usually possible to tell a child's garment from an adult's.


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
1. A simple trimmed lace and cloth dress English/French cut. (1710)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
2. Silk dress supported by panniers. Note that there is no central parting to the dress. The low cut neckline is also less ornamented than a contemporary women's would be. (1718)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
3. A group scene of a girl and two boys. Boys were breeched at around 5-10. The girl wears a low neckline that was customary for young girls and boys. (1724)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
4. An example of an older girl not far from adulthood. The neckline is still lower than a woman's but is more ornamented than that of a child. (1727)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
5. The girl sitting holding a fan is displaying her leading strings that her mother would have used to make sure she didn't fall when learning to walk. (1730)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
6. A boy of around 10 who has been breeched and wears a Frock coat of a child's pattern. The cuffs and frills would have been less obvious on a grown man. (1738)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
7. A middle-class girl c. 1740. The simpler fabric and colours used in her dress show her not to be of noble birth but not in poverty either. Again the low neckline is typical of girls of that age. (1740)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Children's fashion
8. A group portrait of children in fine clothes of the period. The boy has been newly breeched while the girls have the characteristic low neckline of children. (1745)


1700–1750 in Western fashion, Satirising fashion
Joseph Addison in 1711 devoted an issue of The Spectator to satirising fashion, by noting how the country fashions lagged behind those in London. "As I proceeded in my journey I observed the petticoat grew scantier and scantier, and about threescore miles from London was so very unfashionable, that a woman might walk in it without any manner of inconvenience" and so on.


1701
1701 (MDCCI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1701st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 701st  year of the 2nd millennium, the 1st  year of the 18th century, and the  2nd   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1701, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1701
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1701 (number)
1701 is the natural number preceding 1702 and following 1700.


1701 (number), In mathematics
1701 is an odd number and a Stirling number of the second kind.


1701 (number), In Star Trek
In the Star Trek science fiction franchise, NCC-1701 is the designation for several starships named USS Enterprise. Several of these vessels are focal points in the fictional universe created by Gene Roddenberry.


1701 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1701 kHz:


1701 English general election
There were two general elections held in England in 1701:


1701 Naval Air Squadron
1701 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy was formed in February 1945 at RNAS Lee-on-Solent as an amphibian bomber reconnaissance squadron. It was equipped with the Supermarine Sea Otter, and the squadron joined HMS Begum in April 1945 bound for the Far East.


1701 Naval Air Squadron
The squadron was intended to join the newly established Mobile Naval Air Bases for Air Sea Rescue duties. B Flight joined MONAB IV (HMS Nabaron) at Ponam in the Admiralty Islands in May 1945 and embarked in HMS Reaper in October 1945. A Flight joined MONAB VI (HMS Nabstock) at  Maryborough, Queensland, Australia in June 1945.


1701 Pennsylvania Avenue
1701 Pennsylvania Avenue is a high-rise office building in Washington, D.C., United States. Construction of the building was completed in 1962. The building rises to 153 feet (47 m), with 13 floors. The architect of the recent renovation of the building was Fox Architects, Inc. The building serves as an office building for Washington. The building also hosts the embassy for the Republic of Palau.


1701 Taunton by-election
The Taunton by-election of 1701 to the Parliament of England was held on 17 March 1701 in Taunton, Somerset, following the decision of the incumbent, Henry Portman, to sit in Wells. The by-election was contested by one of Portman's friends, Sir Francis Warre, 1st Baronet, and Thomas Baker, a Taunton merchant. Warre, a Tory, was elected, although Baker petitioned the result, claiming the Mayor was corrupt.


1701 Taunton by-election, Background
In the general election held in January and February 1701, Taunton returned both of its standing Members of Parliament, Henry Portman, a Tory, and Edward Clarke, a Whig. Portman had also stood, and been elected in the constituency of Wells. He chose to represent Wells, triggering a by-election in Taunton. In his history of Taunton, William Gibson suggests that he may have made the decision based upon Wells being a "less furiously divided town for a Tory."


1701 Taunton by-election, Background
Seymour suggested that his friend, Sir Francis Warre, 1st Baronet stand as the Tory candidate. Warre was one of the largest land-owners in Somerset, and had previously represented Bridgwater since 1685. He had been granted a baronetcy as a child, due to his father's support of the Royalists. Gibson claimed that he probably stood in Taunton in order to "bolster the Tory interest in his home town." The Whig candidate, Thomas Baker was a prominent merchant in Taunton.


1701 Taunton by-election, Result
The vote was held on Thursday 17 March 1701, and was won narrowly by Warre, who collected 297 votes. Baker, who had 256 votes, contested the election, accusing the Mayor of corruption. He claimed that the Mayor had not counted votes from qualified voters for himself, and also allowed illegal votes to be counted for Warre. The Mayor then ruled that the election would not be scrutinised, further angering Baker. A petition was put together by 63 of those whose votes had not been allowed for Baker, but it was never presented, and the matter was never heard in the House of Commons.


1701 Taunton by-election, Aftermath
Warre was returned in each of the following five elections, but in 1715, after being elected along with Portman, they were removed on petition. Claims of partiality on the part of the Mayor, acting as returning officer, in counting unqualified votes for the pair were upheld, and they were replaced by the Whig candidates that had stood against them.


1701 in Canada, Historical documents
Hundreds of English fishers settled in Newfoundland squeeze out fishing ships, while New England merchants undercut English trade


1701 in Canada, Historical documents
New York official says Five Nations resent that English colonies did not join them in recent costly war against French


1701 in Canada, Historical documents
English cajole Onondaga chief sachem not to fear French, just before Five Nations and other Indigenous sign Great Peace of Montreal


1701 in Canada, Historical documents
New York lieutenant-governor meets with Five Nations leaders to renew their Covenant Chain alliance against French


1701 in Japan, Deaths
This year in Asia article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1701 in Scotland
Events from the year 1701 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1701 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1701 to Wales and its people.


1701 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1701.


1701 in music
The year 1701 in music involved some significant musical events and new works.


1701 in piracy
See also 1700 in piracy, other events in 1701, 1702 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.


1701 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1701 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1701 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1701 in science
The year 1701 in science and technology involved some significant events.


1701 to 1725 in sports
The beginning of the 18th century saw sport acquire increasing importance in the lives of people in England and Ireland. Professionalism was by then established in the major gambling sports of bare-knuckle boxing, cricket and horse racing.


1701st Air Transport Wing
The 1701st Air Transport Wing is a discontinued United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to Continental Division, Military Air Transport Service (MATS) at Great Falls Air Force Base, Montana, where it was discontinued on 1 May 1953. The wing was formed in 1948, when MATS replaced Air Transport Command and Naval Air Transport Service and reorganized its units under the wing base organization. The wing trained MATS aircrews, most notably for the Berlin Airlift. MATS training operations moved to Palm Beach Air Force Base in the early 1950s and the wing was discontinued when Great Falls was turned over to MATS' Air Resupply and Communications Service.


1701st Air Transport Wing, History
The 517th Air Transport Wing was organized at Great Falls Air Force Base in June 1948, when Military Air Transport Service (MATS) replaced Air Transport Command (ATC) and Naval Air Transport Service and reorganized its Air Force elements under the wing-base organization system. The new wing assumed the personnel and equipment of the 1455th AF Base Unit (Air Transport) of ATC and continued its mission of training aircrews for airlift units.


1701st Air Transport Wing, History
On 25 June 1948 Operation Vittles, the strategic airlift of supplies to Berlin's 2,000,000 inhabitants, was initiated. The 517th (later 1701st) played a critical role in assuring the success of this vital operation. Officials selected Great Falls as the only replacement aircrew training site for Berlin Airlift-bound C-54s. It formed a provisional unit, the 1435th Air Transport Group, to perform this mission, using resources from the wing's 1701st Air Transport Group. Using radio beacons, Great Falls was transformed to resemble Tempelhof Airport in Berlin, Germany. Hundreds of pilots and flight engineers many of whom were recalled to active duty, were qualified on the Douglas C-54 Skymaster aircraft and on flight procedures to and from Berlin by practicing on ground mock-ups and flying simulated airlift missions.


1701st Air Transport Wing, History
The 517th Air Transport Wing was redesignated the 1701st Air Transport Wing in October 1948 to comply with Air Force policy that table of distribution units be numbered in a series of four digits assigned to their parent command. The wing's primary mission was the routing and scheduling of flights throughout the Pacific Ocean region and in support of allied forces in the Korean War. MATS reopened the C-54 Flight Training School as the 1272d Medium Transition Training Unit in May 1950, one month before the Korean War began.


1701st Air Transport Wing, History
Following Continental Air Command's formation of corollary units in the May 1949 reserve program, the wing assumed responsibility for training reservists assigned to the 8523d Air Transport Squadron (Corollary). Corollary units were reserve units integrated with an active duty unit. They were viewed as the best method to train reservists by mixing them with an existing regular unit to perform duties alongside the regular unit. In May 1951, the 8523d mobilized for the Korean war, with its personnel used as fillers for other units.


1701st Air Transport Wing, History
The wing assumed responsibility for a second flying group, the 1703d Air Transport Group. Until 1951, the 1703d flew Douglas C-74 Globemaster Is. In May 1951, it received its first Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, and began operational testing and evaluation of the C-124. The 1703d also had a squadron dedicated to the aeromedical evacuation mission.


1701st Air Transport Wing, History
In January 1951, the wing assumed responsibility for a second base, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho. Mountain Home was used by MATS' Air Resupply and Communications Service (ARCS) to train its units before they deployed overseas. In November 1951, ARCS formed the 1300th Air Base Wing and assumed responsibility for Mountain Home. The 1701st was inactivated and replaced by the 1300th Wing in June 1953 when MATS transferred Mountain Home to Strategic Air Command and moved its ARCS operations to Great Falls. The MATS aircrew training mission was transferred to the 1707th Air Transport Wing at Palm Beach Air Force Base, Florida, while the wing's remaining crews and aircraft were transferred to the 1501st Air Transport Group at Travis Air Force Base, California.


1702
1702 (MDCCII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1702nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 702nd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 2nd  year of the 18th century, and the  3rd   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1702, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1702
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1702 English general election
The 1702 English general election was the first to be held during the reign of Queen Anne, and was necessitated by the demise of William III. The new government dominated by the Tories gained ground in the election, with the Tory party winning a substantial majority over the Whigs, owing to the popularity of the new monarch and a burst of patriotism following the coronation. Despite this, the government found the new Parliament difficult to manage, as its leading figures Godolphin and Marlborough were not sympathetic to the more extreme Tories. Contests occurred in 89 constituencies in England and Wales.


1702 English general election, Summary of the constituencies
See 1796 British general election for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option of a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland elected before the Union.


1702 English general election, Summary of the constituencies
Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.


1702 Naval Air Squadron
1702 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy was formed in June 1945 at RNAS Lee-on-Solent as a Special Service squadron. It was equipped with the Supermarine Sea Otter, and by the end of World War II the squadron remained at Lee-on-Solent.


1702 Naval Air Squadron
The squadron joined HMS Trouncer in September 1945 to search for mines in the Mediterranean.


1702 Scottish general election
General elections were held in Scotland in 1702 to return members to serve in the Estates of Parliament. The new government would be a minority Court party administration, led by the Duke of Queensberry as Lord High Commissioner. The election took place amidst the War of the Spanish Succession, and one of Queensberry's key main priorities was to secure Scottish funding for the war. The new parliament assembled in Edinburgh on 6 May 1703.


1702 Scottish general election
Queensberry sought to build an alliance between his Court party and the Episcopalian Cavalier faction, whose parliamentary presence had been increased by the election. This alliance was in part driven by Queen Anne's own Anglicanism and Stewart heritage. For their support, the Cavaliers requested greater toleration for Episcopalians. The parliament was still predominantly Presbyterian, and neither Queensberry or his Court faction favoured toleration. Any increased support from Cavaliers as a result of a deal would likely be balanced by a loss in support from Presbyterian opponents to toleration.


1702 Scottish general election, Dates of election
At this period elections did not take place at the same time in every constituency. The returning officer in each shire or burgh fixed the precise date (see hustings for details of the conduct of the elections).


1702 in Canada, Historical documents
In several weeks of talks, Indigenous leaders and New York governor discuss alliance, trade, peace, war and French influence


1702 in Canada, Historical documents
"All the glory of it" - Cadillac describes rich region and progress of his promising new settlement, Detroit (Note: racial stereotypes)


1702 in Canada, Historical documents
New York official suggests missionary society send ministers to Five Nations because Jesuits have drawn so many to Montreal area


1702 in Canada, Historical documents
As England, France, and Spain go to war, this medical guide to amputation is timely


1702 in Canada, Historical documents
This guide to letter-writing offers timely example of letter from wounded man to his love, and her reply


1702 in England
Events from the year 1702 in England. This year sees a change of monarch.


1702 in Ireland
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 17:45, 11 January 2021 (Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 2 templates: hyphenate params (1×);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1702 in Japan
The following is a list of events from the year 1702 in Japan.


1702 in Scotland
Events from the year 1702 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1702 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1702 to Wales and its people.


1702 in architecture
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Camboxer (talk | contribs) at 22:02, 15 December 2019 (→Buildings and structures:  inappropriate image (showing 20th cent. facade) replaced). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1702 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1702.


1702 in piracy
See also 1701 in piracy, other events in 1702, 1703 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.


1702 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1702 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1702 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1702 in science
The year 1702 in science and technology involved some significant events.


1703
1703 (MDCCIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1703rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 703rd  year of the 2nd millennium, the 3rd  year of the 18th century, and the  4th   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1703, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1703
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Thursday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1703 Apennine earthquakes
The 1703 Apennine earthquakes were a sequence of three earthquakes of magnitude ≥6 that occurred in the central Apennines of Italy, over a period of 19 days. The epicenters were near Norcia (14 January), Montereale (16 January) and L'Aquila (2 February), showing a southwards progression over about 36 km. These events involved all of the known active faults between Norcia and L'Aquila. A total of about 10,000 people are estimated to have died as a result of these earthquakes, although because of the overlap in areas affected by the three events, casualty numbers remain highly uncertain.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, Tectonic setting
The central part of the Apennines has been characterised by extensional tectonics since the Pliocene epoch (i.e. about the last 5 million years), with most of the active faults being normal in type and NW-SE trending. The extension is due to the back-arc basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea opening faster than the African Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The Norcia earthquake
The earthquake occurred at 18:00 UTC on 14 January with an estimated magnitude of 6.7. It was caused by movement on an en echelon set of three normal faults, known as the Norcia Fault System.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The Norcia earthquake, Damage
There was extensive damage in the area around Norcia, with Spoleto and Rieti also affected. Modern estimates give a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). Ground rupture was observed at several locations and these have been confirmed by modern investigations.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The Norcia earthquake, Casualties
Estimates of the death toll vary from 6,240 to 9,761.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The Montereale earthquake
The earthquake occurred at 13:30 UTC on 16 January with an estimated magnitude of 6.2. It is thought to have been caused by movement on the Montereale Fault. Damage was recorded in Montereale, Cittareale, Accumoli and Amatrice. Although of lower magnitude than the other two events, this earthquake was still felt in Rome. The estimated intensity for this event is VIII (Severe). No separate casualty figures are available for this event.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The L'Aquila earthquake
The earthquake occurred at 11:05 UTC on 2 February with an estimated magnitude of 6.7. It was caused by movement on the Mt. Marine Fault.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The L'Aquila earthquake, Damage
Most of the buildings in L’Aquila were badly damaged or completely destroyed. Damage was reported from as far away as Rome. Modern estimates give a maximum intensity of X (Extreme). The earthquake caused a huge landslide on the Mt. Marine ridge, a large slope failure near Posta and liquefaction along the Aterno River.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, The L'Aquila earthquake, Casualties
Estimates of the death toll vary from 2,500 to 5,000.


1703 Apennine earthquakes, Relationship between the events
Some seismologists interpret these events as related. It has been suggested that the Norcia earthquake led directly to the Montereale event, which had the effect of further loading the fault at Aquila, thus triggering the final event. Such sequential adjacent events are examples of Coulomb stress transfer.


1703 Barry
1703 Barry (prov. designation: 1930 RB) is a stony Flora asteroid, suspected tumbler and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.5 kilometer in diameter. Discovered in by Max Wolf in 1930, it was later named after Vincentian priest and astronomer Roger Barry.


1703 Barry, Discovery
Barry was discovered on 2 September 1930, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. In the same month, it was independently discovered by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent and Soviet astronomer Evgenii Skvortsov at their observatories in Johannesburg and Crimea-Nauchnij, respectively.


1703 Barry, Orbit and classification
The relatively bright S-type asteroid is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional groups in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,204 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. Its observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1703 Barry, Naming
This minor planet was named after Vincentian priest Roger Barry (1752–1813), the Court Astronomer of Grand Duchy of Baden at the Mannheim Observatory in 1788. The Heidelberg Observatory is a direct successor to the old Mannheim Observatory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3933).


1703 Barry, Physical characteristics, Slow rotator
Photometric observations taken in 2006 and 2011, by Adrián Galád and by the Palomar Transient Factory, showed a leisurely rotation period of 105.745 and 107.1±0.5 hours with a brightness variation of 0.5 and 0.46 magnitude, respectively (U=3/2).


1703 Barry, Physical characteristics, Slow rotator
While most asteroids rotate within 20 hours once around their axis, Barry belongs to the relatively small group of slow rotators with a period above 100 hours.


1703 Barry, Physical characteristics, Slow rotator
It may have a non-principal axis rotation. However, no follow-up measurements have since confirmed its tumbling motion.


1703 Barry, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Barry measures between 9.21 and 9.50 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.216 and 0.330, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.280 and a diameter of 9.54 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.1.


1703 Genroku earthquake
The 1703 Genroku earthquake (元禄大地震, Genroku Daijishin) occurred  at 02:00 local time on December 31 (17:00 December 30 UTC). The epicenter was near Edo, the forerunner of present-day Tokyo, in the southern part of the Kantō region, Japan. An estimated 2,300 people were killed by the shaking and subsequent fires. The earthquake triggered a major tsunami which caused many casualties, giving a total death toll of at least 5,233, possibly up to 10,000. Genroku is a Japanese era spanning from 1688 through 1704.


1703 Genroku earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Kantō Region lies at the complex triple junction, where the convergent boundaries between the subducting Pacific and Philippine Sea Plates and the overriding North American Plate meet. Earthquakes with epicenters in the Kanto region may occur within the Eurasian Plate, at the Eurasian Plate/Philippine Sea Plate interface, within the Philippine Sea Plate, at the Philippine Sea Plate/Pacific Plate interface or within the Pacific Plate. In addition to this set of major plates it has been suggested that there is also a separate 25 km thick, 100 km wide body, a fragment of Pacific Plate lithosphere. The 1703 earthquake is thought to have involved rupture of the interface between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate.


1703 Genroku earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was associated with areas of both uplift and subsidence. On both the Bōsō Peninsula and Miura Peninsula a clear paleo shoreline has been identified, indicating up to 5 m of uplift near Mera (about 8 km south of Tateyama)  and up to 1.2 m of uplift on Miura, increasing to the south. This distribution of uplift, coupled with modelling of the tsunami, indicate that at least two and probably three fault segments ruptured during the earthquake.


1703 Genroku earthquake, Tsunami
The tsunami had run-up heights of 5 m or more over a wide area, with a maximum of 10.5 m at Wada and 10 m at both Izu Ōshima and Ainohama.


1703 Genroku earthquake, Damage
The area of greatest damage due to the earthquake shaking was in Kanagawa Prefecture, although Shizuoka Prefecture was also affected. The earthquake caused many large fires, particularly at Odawara, increasing both the degree of damage and the number of deaths. A total of 8,007 houses were destroyed by the shaking and a further 563 houses by the fires, causing 2,291 deaths.


1703 Genroku earthquake, Damage
About 400 km of coastline was severely affected by the tsunami, with deaths being caused from Shimoda on the east coast of the Izu Peninsula in the west to Isumi on the east side of the Bōsō Peninsula to the east. There was also a single death on the island of Hachijō-jima about 180 km south of the earthquake's epicentre, where the tsunami was 3 m high. The total number of casualties from earthquake, fires and tsunami has been reported as 5,233. Other estimates are higher, with 10,000 in total, and one source that gives 200,000.


1703 Naval Air Squadron
1703 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy was formed in August 1945 at RNAS Lee-on-Solent for duties in the Pacific. It was equipped with the Supermarine Sea Otter.


1703 Naval Air Squadron
World War II ended in the same month that the squadron was formed, and it never deployed or saw action.


1703 in Norway, Births
29 September – Baltzer Fleischer, civil servant and county governor (died 1767).


1703 in Scotland
Events from the year 1703 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1703 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1703 to Wales and its people.


1703 in architecture
The year 1703 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1703 in piracy
See also 1702 in piracy, other events in 1703, 1704 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.


1703 in piracy, Events, Atlantic Ocean
see Quelch's Gold by Clifford Beal (Praeger Publishing, Westport CT, USA 2007)


1703 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1703 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1703 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1703 in science
The year 1703 in science and technology involved some significant events.


17035 Velichko
17035 Velichko, provisional designation 1999 FC10, is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter.


17035 Velichko
It was discovered on 22 March 1999, by LONEOS program at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, United States. The asteroid was named after Ukrainian astronomer Fedor Velichko.


17035 Velichko, Orbit and classification
Velichko is a core member of the Vesta family, thought to have originated from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on the south-polar surface of 4 Vesta, which is the main-belt's second-most-massive asteroid after 1 Ceres.


17035 Velichko, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,395 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.


17035 Velichko, Orbit and classification
The asteroid's observation arc begins 10 years prior to its official discovery observation, with its identification as 1989 TD2 at ESO's La Silla Observatory in October 1989.


17035 Velichko, Physical characteristics
Velichko has been characterized as a bright  V-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


17035 Velichko, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Two photometric lightcurves of Velichko were obtained by French astronomer René Roy at the Blauvac Observatory (627) in France, and by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 2.899 and 2.8990 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 and 0.29 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).


17035 Velichko, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Velichko has a diameter of 4.8 kilometers and an albedo of 0.28. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a much higher albedo of 0.40, which is typical value for the bright stony surface of Vestian asteroids, and calculates a shorter diameter of 4.2 kilometers.


17035 Velichko, Naming
This minor planet was named after Ukrainian astronomer Fedor P. Velichko (1957–2013), who was a senior scientist at the Institute of Astronomy of the Ukrainian National University of Kharkiv, and director of the University's Chuguev Observing Station (131), also known as the Chuguevskaya Station. He was an expert on the photometry and polarimetry of small Solar System bodies. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 21 July 2005 (M.P.C. 54563).


1703d Air Transport Group
The 1703d Air Transport Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was assigned to Military Air Transport Service (MATS) at Brookley Air Force Base, Alabama. It was inactivated on 18 June 1957. The group was formed in 1948 as the 521st Air Transport Group when MATS replaced Air Transport Command and converted its units to the Wing Base organization system.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Formation
The organization was formed at Brookley Air Force Base, Alabama in June 1948, absorbing the mission, personnel and Douglas C-74 Globemasters of the 3d Air Transport Group (Provisional). The 3d Group was organized on 7 May 1947 when Globemaster operations at their original station, Morrison Field, Florida ended. While active, it was the United States Air Force's only C-74 very heavy airlift unit, providing worldwide transport missions from Brookley until the aircraft was retired in 1955.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Formation
Initially two C-74 squadrons (17th and 19th) formed from provisional units, later redesignated 1258th and 1260th Air Transport Squadrons. The group was assigned to the Atlantic Division, Military Air Transport Service, which controlled Military Air Transport Service unis on the east coast of the United States, across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe, North Africa, the Mediterranean and the Caribbean.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Berlin Airlift
Sent one C-74 (42-65414) to Frankfurt, Germany Rhein-Main Airfield on 14 August 1948 to support Berlin Airlift Operations. On 18 September, the C-74 flew a total of six round trips to Tempelhof Central Airport, Berlin. The single C-74 was instrumental in helping build Tegel Airfield in the French sector of Berlin, hauling in heavy construction equipment that had been dismantled into components. The aircraft operated as part of the airlift for six weeks, but it was simply too heavy for the Tempelhof runways. There are also stories that the Soviets complained that it might be used as a bomber because of its hoist well in the belly.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Berlin Airlift
Support for the Berlin Airlift was maintained by the group by flying regularly scheduled flights between the United States and Germany. Transported C-54 engines and parts for use in the airlift. Other flights were made between Brookley and Albrook Field, Balboa, Canal Zone and from Brookley to Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico. In May, a C-74 carried 75 passengers plus a crew of 12 to England, at the time the largest military passenger load to fly the Atlantic. Six months later, on 25 November 25, C-74 414, flew the Atlantic with a record 103 people aboard to RAF Marham, England.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Korean War
During the Korean War, the Group logged over 7000 hours in flights to Hawaii hauling troops and high priority cargo westward toward the combat area and returning eastward with wounded personnel. During the seven months between July 1950 and January 1951, the Globemasters transported 2,486 patients, 550 passengers, and 128,000 pounds of cargo from Hawaii to the U.S. while hauling just under a million pounds of cargo westward.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Korean War
Activated 1281st Air Transport Squadron in November 1951, initially equipped with C-54 Skymasters, upgraded to new C-124C Globemaster II heavy lift strategic transports in 1952.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Korean War
Reorganized in July 1952, the 1258th, 1260th, 1281st ATS became 3d, 6th and 13th Air Transport Squadrons, respectively. With the small number of C-74s in service, maintenance was an increasing headache as time went on and spares became harder to obtain. In 1955, the C-74's maintenance man-hour requirements were so high that a two-hour-a-day utilization rate was requested and approved. During the Spring, a program was begun to cross-flow C-74 pilots and engineers to the C-124 in preparation for the C-74's retirement. The 6th ATS flew 45 scheduled and special trips during their last six months. Their destinations included Europe, North Africa, South America, and the Middle East carrying over six million pounds of cargo, nearly one million pounds of mail, and 1,750 passengers.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Winding down operations
However, deterioration of the C-74's components were progressing more rapidly than predicted. Plans were made for the eventual retirement of the Air Force's only fleet of Globemasters. Aircraft were withdrawn from service in late 1955, with 3d and 6th ATS being inactivated.


1703d Air Transport Group, History, Winding down operations
Continued operations of C-124s until 1957 when unit was inactivated when control of Brookley AFB was reassigned to Air Materiel Command.


1703d Air Transport Group, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


1704
1704 (MDCCIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1704th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 704th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 4th  year of the 18th century, and the  5th   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1704, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1704
In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
In early 1700, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Elector of Saxony, Augustus II the Strong began the Great Northern War by attacking Swedish Livonia. Despite Russian support, Saxon army lost several battles, and soon afterwards, forces of the Swedish Empire controlled most of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In June 1703, Augustus II convened the Extraordinary Sejm in Lublin, where he faced widespread criticism. His opponent were led by Primate of Poland, Michał Radziejowski, and sons of late King Jan III Sobieski, Jakub and Konstanty.


1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
Opponents of Augustus II formed the Warsaw Confederation, and on February 16, 1704 in Warsaw, they dethroned him. In April of the same year, young Voivode of Poznań, Stanisław Leszczyński, met with King Charles XII of Sweden in Lidzbark Warmiński. The Swedish monarch, aware of Leszczyński’s influences in Greater Poland, declared that he should be new King of Poland–Lithuania. Leszczyński initially pledged that he would temporarily control the crown, to hand it over to James Louis Sobieski, but never kept his promise.


1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
On July 12, 1704, a small group of szlachta, gathered in a Swedish army camp near Warsaw, declared Leszczyński the new King. The election was not confirmed by Primate Radziejowski, but by Bishop of Poznań Mikołaj Święcicki, which was against the rules. On October 4, 1704, Leszczyński was crowned by Archbishop of Lwów, Konstanty Józef Zieliński. The coronation took place at Warsaw’s St. John's Archcathedral.


1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
Augustus II, however, did not give up Polish crown and did not abdicate. In May 1704, he formed the anti-Swedish Sandomierz Confederation, called for the levee en masse, and on August 30, signed the Treaty of Narva, establishing the Polish - Russian alliance, and officially declaring war between the Commonwealth and Sweden. This decision resulted in a civil war in Poland - Lithuania, between supporters of Augustus and Leszczyński. Initially, Augustus managed to recapture Warsaw, and win the support of most senators, during a council in Grodno. On February 13, 1706, however, Augustus lost the Battle of Fraustadt, and, facing Swedish occupation of Saxony, gave up his claim to Polish crown in the Treaty of Altranstadt (1706).


1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
Augustus retook Polish throne in 1709, after Swedish defeat in the Battle of Poltava. In revenge, Russian troops, stationed in Poland, burned and ransacked the city of Leszno, which was property of the Leszczyński family.


1704 Wachmann
1704 Wachmann, provisional designation A924 EE, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory on 7 March 1924. It was later named after astronomer Arno Wachmann.


1704 Wachmann, Classification and orbit
The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.4 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,210 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken. The asteroid's observation arc begins 3 days after its official discovery observation.


1704 Wachmann, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
In April 2007, a rotational lightcurve Wachmann was obtained at the U.S. Sandia View Observatory in New Mexico (H03). Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.314±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 magnitude (U=3).


1704 Wachmann, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Wachmann measures 6.6 and 6.9 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.177 and 0.193, respectively, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 7.8 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 12.9.


1704 Wachmann, Naming
This minor planet was named for Arno Wachmann (1902–1990), long-time astronomer at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg, discoverer of minor planets and comets, and observer of variable and binary stars. He is best known for the co-discovery of the three "Schwassmann–Wachmann" comets, 29P, 31P and 73P. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3933).


1704 in Canada, Historical documents
Massachusetts governor gives details of French and Indigenous attacks planned for Connecticut River and Maine and his attack on Acadia


1704 in Canada, Historical documents
Account of a Massachusetts boy abducted by French and Indigenous raiders


1704 in Canada, Historical documents
Massachusetts correspondent on huge benefit France has from commercial ascendancy and number of seamen in its Newfoundland fishery


1704 in Canada, Historical documents
During war with France, defending St. John's complicated by soldier disorder and desertions and limited support from outports


1704 in Scotland
Events from the year 1704 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1704 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1704 to Wales and its people.


1704 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1704.


1704 in piracy
See also 1703 in piracy, other events in 1704, 1705 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.


1704 in piracy, Events, North America
see Quelch's Gold by Clifford Beal (Praeger Publishing, Westport CT, USA 2007)


1704 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1704 in poetry
When Bibliopolo from behind appear'dAs well describ'd by th' old Satyrick Bard,With leering Looks, Bull-fac'd , and Freckled fair,With two left Legs; and Judas-colour'd [red] Hair,With Frowzy Pores, that taint the ambient Air. Sweating and Puffing for a-while he stood. And then broke forth in this insulting Mood:


1704 in poetry
Without my Stamp in vain your Poets write. Those only purchase everliving Fame,


1704 in poetry
-- From William Shippen's, Faction Display'd, the work of a Tory poet on the powerful Whig publisher Jacob Tonson (Bibliopolo, or "book-seller") whose series of anthologies, known as Dryden's Miscellanies or Tonson's Miscellanies used the work of poets paid at low rates to create profitable income for Tonson and, sometimes, recognition and fame for the poets. Shippen incorporated three lines (in italics) written about Tonson by John Dryden, one of the most prominent of Tonson's low-paid poets.


1704 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1704 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1704 in science
The year 1704 in science and technology involved some significant events.


1705
1705 (MDCCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1705th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 705th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th  year of the 18th century, and the  6th   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1705, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1705
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1705 English general election
The 1705 English general election saw contests in 110 constituencies in England and Wales, roughly 41% of the total. The election was fiercely fought, with mob violence and cries of "Church in Danger" occurring in several boroughs. During the previous session of Parliament the Tories had become increasingly unpopular, and their position was therefore somewhat weakened by the election, particularly by the Tackers controversy. Due to the uncertain loyalty of a group of 'moderate' Tories led by Robert Harley, the parties were roughly balanced in the House of Commons following the election, encouraging the Whigs to demand a greater share in the government led by Marlborough


1705 English general election, Summary of the constituencies
See 1796 British general election for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option in a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland elected before the Acts of Union 1707.


1705 English general election, Summary of the constituencies
Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.


1705 English general election, Involved Parties
In 1705 the House of Commons was controlled by two parties: the Tory party led by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, and the Whig party led by a group of leading party members known as the Whig Junto. The four members of the Whig Junto were John Somers, Charles Montagu, Thomas Wharton, and Edward Russell.


1705 English general election, Overview of 18th Century British Politics
The politics of Britain in 1705 was chaotic. The government was very decentralized and led to unrest in the general population. This led to the mob violence that occurred during this election process across the country.


1705 in Scotland
Events from the year 1705 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1705 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1705 to Wales and its people.


1705 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1705.


1705 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1705.


1705 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1705 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1705 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1705 in science
The year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events.


1705th Air Transport Group
The 1705th Air Transport Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the Western Transport Air Force, Military Air Transport Service, stationed at McChord Air Force Base, Washington. It was inactivated on 18 June 1960. Upon inactivation, most personnel and equipment reassigned to 62d Air Transport Wing.


1705th Air Transport Group, History
Established in August 1950 by Military Air Transport Service as part of its Continental Division. Initially equipped with C-54 Skymasters providing transport of equipment and supplies to Ladd AFB and Elmendorf AFB, Alaska Territory. Was discontinued in October 1951 when McChord AFB was reassigned from Continental Air Command to Air Defense Command under the "one base, one wing" policy.


1705th Air Transport Group, History
MATS operations continued under provisional organization until 1705th Air Transport Group could be organized and activated in January 1952. Received new C-124C Globemaster II aircraft upon activation of a group, began the transition to new aircraft, becoming operational in July. Assigned to MATS Pacific Division conducting heavy global strategic airlift throughout the Pacific and South Asia, including Hawaii and Alaska. 1705th Air Traffic (later Terminal) Squadron activated on 1 February 1953 for the operation of McChord personnel aerial port and passenger terminal.


1705th Air Transport Group, History
Reorganized in July 1955, 34th ATS inactivated due to budget restraints after transitioning to C-118 aircraft; 32d ATS operated C-124Cs, 33d ATS began MATS passenger service to aerial ports in Hawaii and Japan in 1955 using C-118 Liftmasters reassigned from inactivated 34th ATS.


1705th Air Transport Group, History
Inactivated in 1960 when senior Twenty-Second Air Force 62d Troop Carrier Wing was assigned to McChord from Larson AFB, Washington due to Strategic Air Command assumed control of Larson. Assets reassigned to 62d TCW.


1706
1706 (MDCCVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1706th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 706th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 6th  year of the 18th century, and the  7th   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1706, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1706
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Monday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1706 Establishment
The 1706 Establishment was the first formal set of dimensions for ships of the Royal Navy. Two previous sets of dimensions had existed before, though these were only for specific shipbuilding programs running for only a given amount of time. In contrast, the 1706 Establishment was intended to be permanent.


1706 Establishment, Origins
Dimensions for ships had been established for the "Thirty Ships" building program of 1677, and while these dimensions saw use until 1695, this was merely because of the success of the 1677 ships and the lack of perceived need to change them. Dimensions were then laid down for the 1691 "Twenty-seven Ships" program to build seventeen eighty-gun and ten sixty-gun double-decked ships of the line, though the dimensions were abandoned before the program was complete, with the final four eighty-gun ships being constructed with three gun-decks.


1706 Establishment, Origins
The origins of the formalized 1706 Establishment can be traced to February 1705, when Prince George of Denmark, the Lord High Admiral at the time, ordered the Navy Board to determine a set of dimensions for second-rate ships. Though the second-rate ships appear to have been the central focus of the Establishment, the Board was also directed to consider dimensions for ships of the third- (80 and 70 guns), fourth- (60 and 50 guns), and fifth-rate ships (40 and 30 guns).


1706 Establishment, Origins
Because of their rarity and power, first rates were not addressed by the Establishment and were given individual designs, whilst smaller vessels had a low enough cost to allow experimentation. The Navy Board used existing ships considered to be the best in their respective classes as the bases for these dimensions.


1706 Establishment, Implementation
The Navy Board produced sets of dimensions for ships from forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, and ninety guns (they decided against doing so for thirty-gun ships). After a last-minute adjustment created by Admiral George Churchill, the dimensions were sent out to the dockyards together with an order that they were to be strictly adhered to, and that they should apply to rebuilds as well as new ships. The implementation of the Establishment - the first of many - began an era of notorious conservatism in naval administration. Though there would be no significant technological changes until the following century, the naval architecture of the 1706 Establishment slowly became more antiquated for the early eighteenth century.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 90-gun second-rates
Seven existing second-rates were rebuilt to the 1706 Establishment, including three whose reconstruction was ordered in 1704-1705. These first three were the Marlborough of 1706 (rebuilt from the old Saint Michael), Blenheim of 1709 (rebuilt from the old Duchess) and the Vanguard of 1710. The other four ships were the Neptune of 1710, Ossory of 1711, Sandwich of 1715 and Barfleur of 1716.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 90-gun second-rates
These ships were originally armed as 96-gun ships under the 1703 Establishment of Guns. They were re-armed as 90-gun ships under the 1716 Establishment of Guns, with heavier 32-lb and 9-lb on the lower and upper decks (the middle deck 18-lb were unaltered), but with one pair of 6-lb removed from each of the partial decks above to leave:


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 80-gun third-rates
Eight of the older type of two-decker 80-gun ships were rebuilt as three-deckers under the 1706 Establishment - the Boyne and Humber launched in 1708, the Russell in 1709, the Dorsetshire in 1712, the Newark and Shrewsbury in 1713, Cambridge in 1715 and Torbay in 1719. In addition, two new ships were built to this specification as replacements for ships lost in 1707 - the Devonshire and Cumberland both being launched in 1710.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 80-gun third-rates
The ships were initially armed with 80 guns as per the 1703 Establishment of Guns, as shown in the table at right. The 1716 Establishment of Guns replaced the 24-pounder guns on the lower deck by an equal number of 32-lb. It also added one pair of 6-lb to the upper deck, removing one pair of 6-lb from the quarter deck.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 70-gun third-rates
Following the loss of four 70-gun ships in a single night during the Great Storm on 27 November 1703, four replacements were ordered from the Royal Dockyards just three weeks later - the Northumberland, Resolution and Stirling Castle being launched in 1705 and the Nassau in 1707. Another four were ordered in 1705-1706, again from the Dockyards - the Elizabeth and Restoration launched in 1706, while another Resolution and Captain were launched in 1708. Subsequently, two more ships were newbuilt (the Grafton and Hampton Court, both launched in 1709) and three rebuilt from existing third-rates (the Edgar and Yarmouth in 1709, and Orford in 1713) by contract; and another five were rebuilt in the Dockyards - the Royal Oak, Expedition, Suffolk, Monmouth and Revenge.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 70-gun third-rates
The ships were initially armed with 70 guns as per the 1703 Establishment of Guns, as shown in the table at right. Under the 1716 Establishment, a thirteenth pair of 24-lb was added on the lower deck, while the demi-culverins (9-lb) on the upper deck were upgraded to 12-lb. An extra pair of 6-lb was added to the quarter deck, while the 3-lb were removed from the roundhouse to retain the total at 70 guns.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 60-gun fourth-rates
Four 60-gun ships were newbuilt to the 1706 Establishment - the Plymouth launched in 1708, the Lion and Gloucester in 1709, and the Rippon in 1712 - while four existing 60-gun ships were rebuilt to the same specification from 1714 onwards - the  "Lyme", Medway, Kingston and ''Nottingham.s


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 60-gun fourth-rates
As per the 1703 Establishment of Guns, the ships were initially armed with 64 guns as shown in the table at right. The 1716 Establishment of Guns replaced the 18-lb on the lower deck by 24-lb, and reduced the ships to 60 guns by removing one pair of 6-lb from the quarter deck and another pair from the forecastle to result in a composition of:


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 50-gun fourth-rates
Eleven new 50-gun ships were built to the 1706 Establishment (all as replacements for fourth-rates lost during the war years from 1703 onwards) - the Salisbury launched in 1707, the Falmouth, Ruby, Chester and Romney in 1708, the Pembroke in 1710, the Bristol, Gloucester and Ormonde in 1711, the Advice in 1712 and the Strafford in 1715. Another existing eight ships were rebuilt to the same specification - the Dragon in 1707, the Warwick and Bonaventure in 1711, the Assistance in 1713, the Worcester in 1714, and the Rochester, Panther and Dartmouth in 1716.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 50-gun fourth-rates
These vessels were initially armed as 54-gun ships to the 1703 Establishment of Guns (see table to right). Under the 1716 Establishment of Guns, they were re-classed as 50-gun ships with the following armament:


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 40-gun fifth-rates
Fifteen 42-gun ships were newbuilt to the dimensions of the 1706 Establishment - the Ludlow Castle, Gosport, Portsmouth and Hastings launched in 1707, the Pearl, Mary Galley, Sapphire and Southsea Castle in 1708, the Enterprise, Adventure and Fowey in 1709, Charles Galley in 1710, Launceston in 1711, Faversham in 1712 and Lynn in 1715. Two similar ships were built on speculation by the contractor William Johnson at Blackwall and purchased by the Navy Board - the Looe in 1707 and Diamond in 1708. A further 40-gun ship was also built nominally to the same specification - the Royal Anne Galley of 1709 - but she emerged longer and leaner than the others.


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 40-gun fifth-rates
The ships were initially armed to the 1703 Establishment of Guns (see table to right). Under the 1716 Gun Establishment, they became 40-gun ships, with an armament as follows:


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 30-gun fifth-rates
While no formal set of recommendations for 30-gun ships was produced by the Navy Board in the 1706 Establishment, a de facto set of dimensions was adopted, which were used for the construction of two new 32-gun fifth-rates (Sweepstakes in 1708 and Scarborough in 1711), while the Bedford Galley was rebuilt to slightly smaller dimensions in 1709:


1706 Establishment, Individual ship types, 30-gun fifth-rates
The 1716 Establishment of Guns altered their armament to 30 guns:


1706 Rittenhouse
1706 Rittenhouse is a private residence in Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is known for being an expensive residential building, with many units costing over $3.9 million.


1706 Rittenhouse, Residents
The majority of the residents have a net worth of at least $10 million. The condo is home to surgeons, pediatricians, real estate magnates, CEOs, and professional athletes.


1706 in Scotland
Events from the year 1706 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1706 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1706 to Wales and its people.


1706 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1706.


1706 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1706 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1706 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1706 in science
The year 1706 in science and technology involved some significant events.


1707
1707 (MDCCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1707th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 707th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 7th  year of the 18th century, and the  8th   year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1707, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.


1707
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.


1707 Chantal
1707 Chantal, provisional designation 1932 RL, is a stony background asteroid  from the Florian region in the inner asteroid belt, approximately 7.5 kilometers (4.7 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 September 1932, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of at least 10 hours. It was named for Chantal, the niece of Belgian astronomer Georges Roland.


1707 Chantal, Orbit and classification
According to modern HCM-analyses by Nesvorný, as well as by Milani and Knežević, Chantal is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. In an older HCM-analysis (Zappalà (1990–97), it is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,207 days; semi-major axis of 2.22 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as A906 YJ at the Heidelberg Observatory in December 1906. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle Observatory in October 1932, or seven weeks after its official discovery observation.


1707 Chantal, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discoverer Eugène Delporte after Chantal, a niece of Belgian astronomer Georges Roland (1922–1991) at of Uccle and co-discoverer of the Comet Arend–Roland. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 April 1982 (M.P.C. 6832). Asteroid 1711 Sandrine was also named by the discoverer after a (grand)-niece of Roland.


1707 Chantal, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Chantal is a common, stony S-type asteroid.


1707 Chantal, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In October 1975, a rotational lightcurve of Chantal was obtained from photometric observations by Swedish astronomer Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist at the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory. Analysis of the fragmentary lightcurve gave a rotation period of at least 10 hours with a brightness amplitude of more than 0.2 magnitude (U=1).


1707 Chantal, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Chantal measures between 7.46 and 7.62 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.28 and 0.31. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.23 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.54.


1707 Hōei earthquake
The 1707 Hōei earthquake (Hōei jishin 宝永地震) struck south-central Japan at 14:00 local time on 28 October. It was the largest earthquake in Japanese history until surpassed by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake. It caused moderate to severe damage throughout southwestern Honshu, Shikoku and southeastern Kyūshū. The earthquake, and the resulting destructive tsunami, caused more than 5,000 casualties. This event ruptured all of the segments of the Nankai megathrust simultaneously, the only earthquake known to have done this, with an estimated magnitude of 8.6 ML or 8.7 Mw. It might also have triggered the last eruption of Mount Fuji 49 days later.


1707 Hōei earthquake
Hōei (宝永) was the era spanning the years from March 1704 through April 1711.


1707 Hōei earthquake, Tectonic setting
The southern coast of Honshu runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. Movement on this convergent plate boundary leads to many earthquakes, some of them of megathrust type. The Nankai megathrust has five distinct segments (A-E) that can rupture independently. The segments have ruptured either singly or together repeatedly over the last 1,300 years. Megathrust earthquakes on this structure tend to occur in pairs, with a relatively short time gap between them: In addition to two events in 1854, a similar pair occurred in 1944 and 1946. In both instances, the northeastern segment ruptured before the southwestern segment. In the 1707 event, the earthquakes were either simultaneous, or close enough in time to not be distinguished by historical sources.


1707 Hōei earthquake, Damage
The earthquake caused more than 5,000 casualties, destroyed 29,000 houses, and triggered at least one major landslide, the Ohya slide in Shizuoka. One of Japan's three largest, it buried a 1.8 km2 area under an estimated 120 million m3 of debris. The Nara Basin shows evidence of event-induced liquefaction.


1707 Hōei earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake
The magnitude of the 1707 event exceeded that of both the 1854 Tōkai and Nankai earthquakes, based on several observations. The uplift at Cape Muroto, Kōchi is estimated at 2.3 m in 1707 compared to 1.5 m in 1854, the presence of an area of seismic intensity of 6–7 on the JMA scale in Kawachi Plain, the degree of damage and inundations heights for the corresponding tsunami and records of tsunami at distant locations, such as Nagasaki and Jeju-do, South Korea.