1514 Ricouxa, Classification and orbit
Ricouxa is a S-type asteroid and member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids in the entire main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,225 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. Ricouxa's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in 1906, as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.


1514 Ricouxa, Physical characteristics, Rotation and poles
In the 1990s, Italian astronomer Maria A. Barucci obtained a rotational lightcurve of Ricouxa, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 10.438 hours with a brightness variation of 0.62 magnitude (U=3).


1514 Ricouxa, Physical characteristics, Rotation and poles
Photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini in April 2006, gave a similar period of 10.033 hours and an identical amplitude of 0.62 magnitude (U=2+). Additional periods were derived on modeled light-curves from various data sources. They gave a period of 10.42466 and 10.42468 hours, as well as a spin axis of (0°, 71.0°) and (251.0°, 75.0°) in ecliptic coordinates, respectively.


1514 Ricouxa, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Ricouxa measures 7.78 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.228 (revised albedo-fits per 2014), while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from 8 Flora, the family's principal body and namesake – and derives a diameter of 7.07 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.92.


1514 Ricouxa, Naming
This minor planet was named by French astronomer André Patry (1902–1960), after whom the asteroid 1601 Patry is named. However, any reference to a person or occurrence for the name "Ricouxa" remains unknown. The asteroid's name was also published in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 135).


1514 Ricouxa, Naming, Unknown meaning
Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Ricouxa is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).


1514 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1514.


1514 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1514 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1514 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1514 in science
The year 1514 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.


1515
Year 1515 (MDXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1515 Poydras
1515 Poydras (formerly the Gulf Building), located at 1515 Poydras Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 29-story, 341-foot (104 m)-tall skyscraper.


1515 Tower
1515 Tower (originally The Arkona) was a former residential high-rise in West Palm Beach, Florida. Completed in 1974, it was the second tallest building in West Palm Beach with 30 stories and rising 98 metres (322 ft). 1515 Tower was heavily damaged during Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne in 2004 and was subsequently vacated. The facade was heavily damaged as a result of the storms, and on August 1, 2006, the city issued a demolition order. The building was demolished by use of explosives, colloquially called implosion, on Sunday, February 14, 2010. 1515 Tower was the third tallest building in the United States to be imploded. There have been several proposals for a new building at the site at 1515 Flagler Drive.


1515 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1515.


1515 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1515 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1515 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1515 in science
The year 1515 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.


1516
Year 1516 (MDXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1516 Henry
1516 Henry, provisional designation 1938 BG, is a stony asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 January 1938, by French astronomer André Patry at Nice Observatory in southeastern France. It is named for French astronomers and opticians, Paul and Prosper Henry.


1516 Henry, Orbit and classification
The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,551 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made. Henry's observation arc starts at Nice in August 1939, or 19 months after its official discovery observation.


1516 Henry, Physical characteristics
In May 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Henry was obtained by French amateur astronomer Christophe Demeautis. It gave a rotation period of 17.370 hours with a brightness variation of 0.54 magnitude (U=2). In February 2010, photometric observations by David Polishook and others at the Californian Palomar Transient Factory gave a divergent period of 10 hours with an amplitude of only 0.04 (U=2).


1516 Henry, Physical characteristics
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Henry measures between 19.19 and 28.55 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.039 and 0.070. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0701 and a diameter of 19.98 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.0.


1516 Henry, Naming
This minor planet is named for the two brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry (1848–1905 and 1849–1903, respectively), who each discovered seven asteroids. As opticians, they constructed the 76-cm refracting telescope at Nice Observatory, among others. While mapping the ecliptic during their Carte du Ciel survey, they made all their fourteen, low-numbered asteroid discoveries, starting with 125 Liberatrix.


1516 Henry, Naming
The Henry Brothers are also honored by the lunar crater Henry Frères. The Martian crater Henry was named in honour of Paul. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1978 (M.P.C. 4358).


1516 in Ireland, Events
The Book of Fenagh Irish: Leabar Fidhnacha is a manuscript of prose and poetry written in Classical Irish by Muirgheas mac Pháidín Ó Maolconaire in the monastery at  Fenagh, County Leitrim. It was commissioned by Tadhg O'Roddy, the coarb of the monastery, and is believed to derive from the "old Book of Caillín" (Irish: Leabar Chaillín), a lost work about Caillín, founder of the monastery. Ó Maolconaire began work about 1516.


1516 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1516.


1516 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1516 in science
The year 1516 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.


1517
Year 1517 (MDXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1517 Beograd
1517 Beograd, provisional designation 1938 FD, is a dark Paduan asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 March 1938, by Serbian astronomer Milorad Protić at Belgrade Astronomical Observatory in Serbia. It is named after the city Belgrade.


1517 Beograd, Orbit and classification
Beograd is member of the mid-sized Padua family (507), an asteroid family named after 363 Padua and at least 25 million years old. It consists of mostly X-type asteroids, that were previously associated to 110 Lydia (the Padua family is therefore also known as Lydia family). Together with the Agnia family, the Padua family is the only other family to have most of its members in a nonlinear secular resonance configuration with more than 75% of its members in a z1 librating state.


1517 Beograd, Orbit and classification
This asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.6–2.8 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,635 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1931, Beograd was first identified as 1931 VF at Uccle Observatory, extending the body's observation arc by 7 years prior to its official discovery observation at Belgrade.


1517 Beograd, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi obtained a lightcurve of Beograd from photometric observations taken in March 2005. Light-curve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.943 hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude (U=2). In April 2014, a lightcurve obtained by Vladimir Benishek at the discovering Belgrade Observatory gave a concurring period of 6.9490 hours with an amplitude of 0.23 magnitude (U=2).


1517 Beograd, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Beograd measures between 30.97 and 42.00 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.036 and 0.07.


1517 Beograd, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results from IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0491 and a diameter of 36.16 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 11.1.


1517 Beograd, Physical characteristics, Spectral type
Beograd is characterized as an X-type asteroid in the SMASS taxonomy, while NEOWISE classifies it as a reddish P-type asteroid due to its low albedo.


1517 Beograd, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discoverer in honor of his native city and the capital of his country, Belgrade. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 January 1964 (M.P.C. 2277).


1517 Hebron attacks
1517 Hebron attacks occurred in the final phases of the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17), when Turkish Ottomans had ousted the Mamluks and taken Palestine. The massacre targeted the Jewish population of the city and is also referred to as a pogrom.


1517 Hebron attacks, Events
An account of the event, recorded by Japheth ben Manasseh in 1518, mentions how the onslaught was initiated by Turkish troops led by Murad Bey, the deputy of the Sultan from Jerusalem. Jews were attacked, beaten and raped, and many were killed as their homes and businesses were looted and pillaged. It has been suggested that the stable financial position of the Hebronite Jews at the time was what attracted the Turkish soldiers to engage in the mass plunder. Others suggest the pogrom could have in fact taken place in the midst of a localised conflict, an uprising by the Arabs against the new Ottoman rulers. Those who survived the calamity fled to Beirut and Jews only returned to Hebron 16 years later in 1533.


1517 Media
1517 Media, formerly Augsburg Fortress Press, is the official publishing house of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), also publishing for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC) as Augsburg Fortress Canada. Headquartered on South Fifth Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the former headquarters of the American Lutheran Church, Augsburg Fortress publishes Living Lutheran (founded 1831, named The Lutheran until 2016), the Lutheran Book of Worship (1978), the Lutheran Study Bible, and Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), as well as a range of academic, reference and educational books. Tim Blevins has served as the CEO of 1517 Media since August, 2018. Beth Lewis served as the CEO of Augsburg Fortress since September 3, 2002.


1517 Media, History
Augsburg Fortress was formed in 1988 when the Fortress Press of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Augsburg Publishing House of Minneapolis, Minnesota, merged as their parent denominations, the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) and the American Lutheran Church (ALC) merged to form the ELCA, with headquarters at the Lutheran Center on West Higgins Road in suburban Chicago, Illinois.


1517 Media, History
Augsburg Publishing House was affiliated with The American Lutheran Church. It had been founded in 1891 at Augsburg Seminary in Minneapolis  Both the publishing house and seminary were part of the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (UNLC). The publishing house left the seminary campus in 1894, relocating to the downtown area in 1908. By 1960 it had become the publishing house of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. With the 1960 merger of Lutheran denominations that formed the "new" American Lutheran Church, Augsburg was designated that church's publishing arm.


1517 Media, History
It absorbed the publishing houses of the other denominations that participated in the merger, including Wartburg Press (established 1881) of the "old" American Lutheran Church in Columbus, Ohio; and the Danish Lutheran Publishing House (established 1893) of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church in Blair, Nebraska. When the Lutheran Free Church joined the ALC in 1963, its publishing house, Messenger Press (established 1922), was also added.


1517 Media, History
Augsburg, and Wartburg before it, had published the old ALC denominational magazine The Lutheran Standard, which had ancestry back to the 1840s in the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio.


1517 Media, History
Fortress Press was the publishing arm of the Lutheran Church in America, headquartered in northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the Muhlenberg Building, a unique U-shaped brick Georgian architecture style structure named for Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg and other members of the Muhlenberg family who were important in American Lutheranism. Henry is considered the "Patriarch of American Lutheranism" and the prime organizer of the first Lutheran synod in America, the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1746.


1517 Media, History
The LCA came into existence in 1962 with the merger of several smaller Lutheran denominations. The largest forerunner of the Fortress Press was the Muhlenberg Press of the United Lutheran Church in America, the largest partner in the LCA merger. The oldest ancestor was the Henkel Press, started by the son of Paul Henkel, a famous late 18th - early 19th century Lutheran pastor, missionary, and evangelist in the Appalachian Mountains region.


1517 Media, History
Fortress published The Lutheran, the monthly magazine of the LCA and also of the earlier United Lutheran Church in America. The magazine had its beginnings in 1831 in publications of the General Synod.


1517 Media, History
In July 2016, the company re-branded as 1517 Media. They continue to use Augsburg Fortress as an imprint for church resources and Fortress Press as an imprint for academic and reference titles. Other imprints include Beaming Books, Broadleaf Books, and Sparkhouse.


1517 Safed attacks
The Safed attacks were an incident that took place in Safed soon after the Turkish Ottomans had ousted the Mamluks and taken Levant during the Ottoman–Mamluk War in 1517. At the time the town had roughly 300 Jewish households. The severe blow suffered took place as Mamluks clashed bloodily with the new Ottoman authorities. The view that the riot's impact on the Jews of Safed was severe is contested.


1517 Safed attacks
Historians link the event to the general conflict taking place in the country between the incoming Ottoman regime and its opponents and note that the Jews suffered maltreatment during the war. Accounts of the attack against the Jews in Safed were recorded by historian Rabbi Elijah Capsali of Candia, (Crete) and Rabbi Joseph Garson, who was living in Damascus at the time. According to these reports, many Jews were killed and left injured. They were compelled to flee the city and their property was plundered. Scholars debate whether or not the event led to a decline in the Jewish population of Safed, but all agree that a few years later, Jews had re-established a significant presence in the city.


1517 Safed attacks
The attack may have been initiated by retreating Mamluk soldiers who accused the Jews of treacherously aiding the Turkish invaders, with Arabs from the surrounding villages joining the melee. Alternatively, the attack occurred during an attempt by local Mamluk sheikhs to reassert their control after being removed from power by the incoming Turks. David suggests that the violence may have erupted after rumors of an Ottoman defeat in Egypt led to clashes between supporters of the old regime and those who backed the newly imposed Turkish authority. Supporters of the deposed Mamluk governor attacked Ottoman officials and after having murdered the Ottoman governor, the mob turned upon the Jews and rampaged through the Jewish quarter, the Jews suffering particular maltreatment.


1517 Safed attacks
Many Jews were reportedly killed while others were wounded or had their property pillaged. According to Garson, the Jews were "evicted from their homes, robbed and plundered, and they fled naked to the villages without any provisions." Many subsequently fled the city, but the community was soon rehabilitated with the financial help of Egyptian Jewry.


1517 Safed attacks
The Jewish community quickly recovered. The many Jews who had fled and sought refuge in neighbouring villages returned, and within 8 years the community had reestablished itself, exceeding the former level of 300 households. The Ottoman overthrow of the Mamluks brought about important changes. Under the earlier dynasty, Egyptian Jews were guided by their Nagid, a rabbi also exercising the functions of a prince-judge.


1517 Safed attacks
This office was abolished because it represented a potential conflict with the jurisdiction of the hahambaşi  or chief rabbi in Istanbul, who represented all Jews in the empire, and who had, via a Jewish officer (kahya), direct access to the sultan and his cabinet, and could raise complaints of injustices visited upon Jewish communities by governors in the provinces or Christians.


1517 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1517 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1517 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1517 in science
The year 1517 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.


1518
Year 1518 (MDXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1518, Exceptions, France
In France, the year 1518 lasted from 4 April 1518 to 23 April 1519. Since Constantine (around year 325) and until the year 1565, the year was reckoned as beginning at Easter. For instance, the will of Leonardo da Vinci, drafted in Amboise on 23 April 1519, shows the legend "Given on the 23rd of April of 1518, before Easter".


1518 Rovaniemi
1518 Rovaniemi, provisional designation 1938 UA, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in 1938, the asteroid was later named for the Finnish city of Rovaniemi.


1518 Rovaniemi, Discovery
Rovaniemi was discovered on 15 October 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. Six nights later, it was independently discovered by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory on 21 October 1938. The Minor Planet Center, however, only recognizes the first discoverer.


1518 Rovaniemi, Discovery
The asteroid was first identified as 1928 TL at Simeiz Observatory on 7 October 1928. The body's observation arc begins two weeks later at Simeiz on 21 October 1928, almost 10 years prior to the asteroid's official discovery observation at Turku.


1518 Rovaniemi, Orbit and classification
Rovaniemi is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,212 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.


1518 Rovaniemi, Physical characteristics
Rovaniemi is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, which corresponds to the overall spectral type of the Flora family.


1518 Rovaniemi, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In January 2009, two rotational lightcurves of Rovaniemi were obtained from photometric observations by René Roy at Blauvac Observatory (627) in France, and by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.247 and 5.249 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.26 and 0.25 magnitude, respectively (U=2+/3).


1518 Rovaniemi, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
In 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve from various data sources including the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and the Palomar Transient Factory survey. The lightcurve gave a concurring period of 5.25047 hours and allowed for the determination of two spin axis of (62.0°, 60.0°) and (265.0°, 45.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1518 Rovaniemi, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Rovaniemi measures between 7.46 and 9.019 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2631 and 0.340.


1518 Rovaniemi, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the Flora family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 8.98 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.4.


1518 Rovaniemi, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Finnish city of Rovaniemi, located just six kilometers south of the Arctic Circle. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3929).


1518 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1518.


1518 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1518 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1518 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1518 in science
The year 1518 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.


1518!
1518! (1518! イチゴーイチハチ！, Ichi Go Ichi Hachi!) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yu Aida. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Weekly Big Comic Spirits from August 2014 to March 2019.


1518!, Media, Manga
1518! is written and illustrated by Yu Aida. The series debuted in Weekly Big Comic Spirits on August 11, 2014. After various hiatuses that began in October 2015, the series continued in the magazine on a monthly basis starting in March 2017. The series finished on March 11, 2019. Shogakukan collected its chapters in seven tankōbon volumes, released from March 30, 2015 to April 12, 2019.


1518!, Media, Stage play
A stage play adaptation, titled Seishun Butai 1518! Ichi Go Ichi Hachi! (青春舞台「1518! イチゴーイチハチ」) ran in Tokyo's Ikebukuro Theater Green from February 17–23, 2021.


1518!, Reception
1518! ranked #19 in the 4th Next Manga Award in the print category in 2018.


1519
Year 1519 (MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 16th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1510s decade.


1519 Imperial election
The imperial election of 1519 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Frankfurt on the 28th of June.


1519 Imperial election, Background
The election followed the death of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor on January 12, 1519. There was no German contender; the two main candidates were Charles, duke of Burgundy, king of Spain and archduke of Austria, and Francis I of France, king of France. Henry VIII of England, king of England, entered himself as a candidate as well. Although Charles was head of the House of Habsburg after the death of his grandfather Maximilian, he had grown up in the Burgundian low countries, stayed in Spain at the time of the election, and spoke French rather than German.


1519 Imperial election, Background
He was thus felt to be as much of a foreigner as Francis. While electing an emperor who was also the ruler of a foreign power had not happened since the king of Sicily Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor was elected in 1212, France and the Empire had not been joined since the days of the Carolingian dynasty.


1519 Imperial election, Background
Charles could count on the vote of Louis II, who was married to his younger sister Mary of Hungary. He and Francis competed to exceed one another in their bribery of the remaining electors.


1519 Imperial election, Elected
Charles in the end had deeper pockets. Francis had bought the elector of Trier; up for grabs were the electors of Mainz, Brandenburg and the Palatinate. Although full details of the election were never revealed, it is possible that the electors sought a way out of their dilemma by electing Frederick III as emperor, but that he turned them down. In the end, Charles was elected unanimously, though with some misgivings by the elector of Brandenburg. He was crowned at Aachen on October 26, 1520.


1519 Imperial election, Elected
Charles was also able to win, as he used the threat of military force from the Swabian League-formed in 1488, that was sympathetic towards Charles' Habsburg background.


1519 Imperial election, Elected
Charles underwent a relentless propaganda campaign in which he shifted the narrative to claim his heritage as a German, as well as being the grandson of Maximilian (previous Holy Roman Emperor), was of substantial reason to elect him as Holy Roman Emperor, coining the phrase 'German by blood and stock.' Consequentially presenting him as obtaining 'German sympathies', making his election more attractive. At the same time, Charles' superiority caused his competitor Francis to become nothing more than a 'foreign adventurer', fostering fears of foreign interference in German affairs. In contingency with this notion, Charles was also the ruler of other states in Spain and the Netherlands, therefore, it was less likely that he would impose his personal ambitions as he would be pre-occupied on his other affairs. Such displacement, made election that much more attractive than his competition.


1519 Imperial election, Aftermath
Charles was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII in Bologna on February 22, 1530. He was the last emperor to accept the papal coronation.


1519 Tequila
Tequila 1519 (NOM: 1577, DOT: 295) is a Certified Organic Tequila by both USDA and European Union that also certified Kosher Pareve by Orthodox Union. According to the official company page the Brand's name come from the year 1519 when conquistadors like Hernán Cortés were introduced to the Aztec's sacred ceremonial drink known as Aguamiel, though this explanation is disputed in other sources.


1519 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1519.


1519 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1519 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1519 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1519 in science
The year 1519 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.


151997 Bauhinia
151997 Bauhinia, provisional designation 2004 JL1, is a sub-kilometer background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 900 meters in diameter. It was discovered on 11 May 2004, by Canadian astronomer William Yeung at the Desert Eagle Observatory, Arizona, United States. It was named after the flowering plant Bauhinia blakeana also known as the "Hong Kong Orchid Tree".


151997 Bauhinia, Orbit and classification
Bauhinia is a non-family from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,281 days; semi-major axis of 2.31 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.


151997 Bauhinia, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with its first observation by Spacewatch at Kitt Peak National Observatory in November 1998, more than 5 years prior to its official discovery observation at Desert Eagle Observatory.


151997 Bauhinia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Bauhinia has not been observed by any of the space-based surveys such as the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite or the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, the asteroid measures 0.91 kilometers in diameter based on an absolute magnitude of 17.6 and a geometric albedo of 0.20, which roughly corresponds to a body of stony composition, the most common type in the inner asteroid belt.


151997 Bauhinia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Bauhinia has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, shape and poles remain unknown.


151997 Bauhinia, Naming
This minor planet was named after the legume tree with orchid-like flowers, Bauhinia blakeana, commonly called the Hong Kong Orchid Tree. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 2007 (M.P.C. 59925).


151a
151a is the first studio album by indie pop artist Kishi Bashi. The album, whose title resembles the Japanese expression ichi-go ichi-e, meaning one time, one place, was released on April 10, 2012. 151a, similar to Kishi Bashi's second studio album, Lighght, was produced by Kishi Bashi and was recorded in various locations, though most recording took place at Home Studios in Norfolk, Virginia.


151a
In July 2021, the song "I Am the Antichrist to You" was featured in the fifth season of the animated television series Rick and Morty.


151a, Music
The music on 151a has been compared to Animal Collective, Owen Pallett, Andrew Bird, Blitzen Trapper, and Kishi Bashi's former band Of Montreal. It features lyrics in both English and Japanese.


151a, Music
Bright Whites was named one of NPR Music's 100 Favorite Songs of 2012, and was featured in a commercial for Windows 8.


151a, Critical reception
151a was released to critical acclaim, receiving a score of 77 of 100 from Metacritic based on 7 reviews. James Christopher Monger of AllMusic spoke of 151a as "a trippy, intensely melodic set of nine cosmic chamber rock songs."


151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
The 151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF, was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.


151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
Based in Camp Sarcee near Calgary, Alberta, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Strathcona, Battle River, and Red Deer. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 9th, 11th, and 21st Reserve Battalions on October 13, 1916.


151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
The 151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF, had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Arnott.


151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
Perpetuation of the 151st Battalion was assigned to the Alberta Regiment in 1920. When that regiment split in two in 1924, the North Alberta Regiment carried on the perpetuation. The North Albertas disbanded in 1936.


151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
In 1929, the battalion was awarded the theatre of war honour The Great War, 1916.


151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
The 151st (Central Alberta) Battalion is one of four units whose glyphs survive on the hillside at Battalion Park in the neighbourhood of Signal Hill, Calgary, Alberta.


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade
The Durham Light Infantry Brigade was formed in 1902 to command the part-time Volunteer battalions of the Durham Light Infantry (DLI). Previously these had been in a combined Tyne and Tees Brigade with battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers. It consisted of the 1st–4th Volunteer Battalions of the DLI (the 5th VB had remained in the Tyne Brigade), which were renumbered as the 5th–8th Battalions when the Volunteers were subsumed into the Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908.


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade
Consisting of 6th–9th Battalions (the 5th Bn joined the York and Durham Brigade), it became part of the TF's Northumbrian Division. During World War I it was numbered as the 151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade on 14 May 1915, when the division became the 50th (Northumbrian) Division. The TF also raised 2nd Line units and formations, and the 190th (2nd Durham Light Infantry) Brigade was formed in 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division. The 1st Line battalions adopted the prefix '1/'


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade, Order of Battle
The brigade's composition during World War I was as follows:


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade, Order of Battle
After the Third Battle of the Aisne, the 50th Division was reduced to training cadres. The 151st Brigade was then reconstituted with battalions withdrawn from Salonika, giving it the following composition:


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade, Order of Battle
After the Armistice with Germany, 50th Division was disbanded in France on 19 March 1919. The old Northumbrian Division was reconstituted in April 1920.


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade, Actions
The brigade fought in the following actions during World War I:


151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade, Commanders
The following officers commanded the brigade during World War I:


151st Air Refueling Squadron
The 151st Air Refueling Squadron (151 ARS) is a unit of the Tennessee Air National Guard 134th Air Refueling Wing located at McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base, Knoxville, Tennessee. The 151st is equipped with the KC-135R Stratotanker.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History
The squadron was constituted and allotted to the Air National Guard in 1957 to replace the active-duty 469th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at McGhee Tyson Airport, Knoxville, Tennessee. It was activated on 15 December 1957 and federally recognized the next day as part of the new 134th Fighter-Interceptor Group.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Defense
The 151st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was the third Tennessee Air National Guard flying squadron. It was equipped with North American F-86D Sabre interceptors with a mission of air defense in the area including the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the strategic Alcoa aluminum manufacturing facilities in the area. The active-duty Air Force 469th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was inactivated on 8 January 1958, with the 151st taking over the Air Defense Command (ADC) daytime alert mission in October, a status that was estimated to take two years.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Defense
ADC released all its supersonic Lockheed F-104A Starfighters to the Air National Guard in 1960 because its fire control system was not sophisticated enough to make it an all weather interceptor. The 151st was one of the Guard squadrons that re-equipped with these aircraft.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Defense
The unit was federalized in November 1961 as a result of the 1961 Berlin Crisis and deployed to Ramstein Air Base, West Germany. At Ramnstein the squadron was assigned to the 86th Air Division of United States Air Forces Europe. In May 1962 while still deployed to Ramstein, the unit set an all-time US Air Force jet fighter monthly flying hour record of 836 hours 5 minutes. In addition, the unit had the highest flying time per aircraft assigned ever recorded in the Air Force for jet fighters in any one month to that date. Following the defusing of the Berlin crisis, the 151st returned to Knoxville in August 1962 and reverted to state control.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Defense
Following the Cuban Missile Crisis. ADC decided to station a permanent F-104 unit at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida because of the plane's superior fighter on fighter performance. The lack of an all weather capability not a factor at Homestead because Cuba lacked a bomber force. To equip the 319th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Homestead and a training squadron at Webb Air Force Base, Texas, the F-104s with the 151st were returned to the active Air Force.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Refueling
The gaining command for the squadron and its parent 134th Fighter Group was transferred from ADC to Tactical Air Command and it was equipped with the Boeing KC-97G Stratotanker with an air refueling mission. Despite its lack of previously qualified aircrew or maintenance personnel, the 134th was still the first Air National Guard flying unit equipped with KC-97's to achieve operational status. It did so in eight months, the previous "normal" time for the conversion was two years.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Refueling
In 1966 the squadron began a rotational deployment to Ramstein Air Base in support of Operation Creek Party, which provided USAFE an air refueling capability. Creek Party deployment rotations lasted until 1976, and over the decade the 151st saw millions of pounds of jet fuel off-loaded and millions of miles flown, all accident free.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Refueling
In July 1976 the KC-97s were retired and replaced by jet Boeing KC-135A Stratotankers. Strategic Air Command then became the squadrons mobilization command. Once again the 134th achieved combat operational status in record time. These squadron's aircraft were later upgraded to KC-135E models in 1982 and finally replaced with KC-125R models in 2006.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, History, Air Refueling
The Volunteer spirit has always been alive and well in east Tennessee. This spirit was highlighted by former base commander Gen. Frederick H. Forster (Ret.) when he noted that at the beginning of the call up for Operation Desert Shield we had more volunteers than we needed. The unit has also played an enormous part in Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom by deploying numerous times to several Continental United States and Middle East locations. This deployment marks the first time a Traditional Air Guard band has been tasked to deploy.


151st Air Refueling Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


151st Air Refueling Wing
The 151st Air Refueling Wing (151 ARW) is a unit of the Utah Air National Guard, stationed at Roland R. Wright Air National Guard Base, Utah. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.


151st Air Refueling Wing
The primary mission of the 151st Air Refueling Wing is to provide air refueling support to major commands of the United States Air Force, as well as other U.S. military forces and the military forces of allied nations. Additionally, the unit can support airlift missions. The unit is also tasked with supporting the nuclear strike missions of the Single Integrated Operational Plan.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History
On 1 July 1958, the Utah Air National Guard 191st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 151st Fighter-Interceptor Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 191st FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 151st Headquarters, 151st Material Squadron (Maintenance), 151st Combat Support Squadron, and the 1151st USAF Dispensary. The group was gained by the Air Defense Command (ADC) 29th Air Division.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History
In 1958, the 151st FIW implemented the ADC Runway Alert Program, in which interceptors of the 191st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron were committed to a five-minute runway alert. Its existing F-86A day interceptors were replaced by the F-86L Sabre Interceptor, a day/night/all-weather aircraft designed to be integrated into the ADC SAGE interceptor direction and control system.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Transport mission
On 1 April 1961, the 151st was transferred from Air Defense Command to the Military Air Transport Service (MATS), and re-equipped with C-97 Stratofreighter. The 151st Air Transport Group expanded its military airlift role to worldwide mission capabilities. Entering the realm of Southeast Asia and the Vietnam War, the Utah Air National Guard flew its first mission into the Southeast Asia theater combat zone in late 1964, and continued to do so throughout the Vietnam War years. In January 1966, the unit became the 151st Military Airlift Group (151 MAG), under the Military Airlift Command [MAC]. In 1969, the C-97s were retired and replaced by the C-124C Globemaster II. During the Vietnam War, Utah Air Guard crews flew 6,600 hours of support missions for American forces.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling
The 151st Military Airlift Group was transferred to Strategic Air Command (SAC) on 1 July 1972 and was equipped with second-line KC-97L Stratotankers. In 1978, the squadron received KC-135A Stratotankers; a newer and faster jet tanker. In January 1979 the unit began the 24-hour-per-day Strategic Air Command (SAC) alert commitment. This commitment would be maintained for the next 12 years until President George Bush ended the SAC Alert Force in 1991.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling
The 1980s found the squadron involved in many training exercises as well as "real World" flying missions. In 1982 the unit converted to a newer version model aircraft—the KC-135E. In April 1983 the 191st Air Refueling Squadron was involved in the first Pacific Tanker Task Force, with flights to Guam, South Korea and Australia. Spring of 1984 brought a very large "first" for the 1191st Air Refueling Squadron.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling
The unit participated in Coronet Giant, an exercise which entailed a direct flight from the United States to West Germany by 12, A-10 Thunderbolt II attack fighters, refueled along the way by three KC-135's from the 191st The route spanned 3600 miles, and was the largest mission of this type ever undertaken by a guard force.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling
During Operation Desert Shield, the squadron received orders for a partial activation on 20 December 1990. All aircraft, aircrews and a number of support personnel were dispatched to the newest forward operating base at Cairo West Airport, Egypt on 27–29 December 1990. They became the basis for the 1706th Air Refueling Wing (Provisional). Other unit personnel were mobilized for use as stateside "backfill" (replacing troops sent forward) or sent to overseas destinations.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling
On 30 April 1999, the 151st ARG was tasked for a Presidential Reserve Call Up due to the crisis in Kosovo. President William Clinton authorized the call up of 33,000 reserve personnel for up to 270 days. The 191st deployed to Europe to support Operation Allied Force.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Following the terrorist's attacks on the United States the squadron was tasked to provide aerial refueling support for the countless fighter combat air patrols performed over major U.S. cities. Dubbed Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), the 191st ARS flew their first ONE mission on 12 September 2001. The highest sortie production occurred in November when fighter combat air patrols occurred every four hours over most of the major U.S. cities.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In addition to supporting ONE, the 191st ARS also provided support for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), deploying aircraft and personnel to Spain to support combat air operations from late Sep 2001 until the spring of 2002.


151st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
At home, local communities see many benefits from the Utah ANG. Many opportunities exist to meet legitimate military training needs while serving the community. Activities include Sub-for-Santa, Blood Drives, highway cleanup, and the 2002 Winter Olympics. The Utah ANG also maintains a state of readiness should Utah need support during an earthquake, flood, civil disturbance, or major disaster, and was involved in assisting evacuees in the aftermath of hurricanes Katrina and Rita.


151st Aviation Regiment (United States)
The 151st Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army, primarily provided by the South Carolina Army National Guard.


151st Cavalry Brigade (United States)
The 151st Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry unit of the United States Army Organized Reserve during the interwar period. Organized in 1922, the brigade spent its entire career with the 61st Cavalry Division and was disbanded after the United States entered World War II.


151st Cavalry Brigade (United States), History
The brigade was constituted in the Organized Reserve on 15 October 1921, part of the 61st Cavalry Division in the Second Corps Area. It included the 301st and 302nd Cavalry Regiments and the 151st Machine Gun Squadron at Albany. On 6 February 1922, the brigade headquarters was initiated (organized) at Rochester.


151st Cavalry Brigade (United States), History
From 6 June of that year to 14 April 1937, the brigade was led by Brice Disque, the head of the Spruce Production Division during World War I. On 20 December 1928, the 151st Machine Gun Squadron was relieved from its assignment to the 61st and withdrawn from the Organized Reserves, with its personnel transferred to the new 461st Armored Car Squadron.


151st Cavalry Brigade (United States), History
The brigade held its inactive training period meetings on Tuesday evenings. Between 1923 and 1940, the 151st usually conducted summer training at Fort Ethan Allen with the 1st Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment,  holding summer training with the 3rd Cavalry Regiment at Fort Belvoir from 1937 to 1939. Its subordinate regiments provided basic military instruction to civilians under the Citizens' Military Training Camp program at Fort Ethan Allen with the assistance of the 1st Squadron, 3rd Cavalry as an alternate form of training. After the United States entered World War II, the brigade was disbanded on 30 January 1942 along with the division, after most of its officers were called up for active duty.


151st Cavalry Brigade (United States), Commanders
The brigade is known to have been commanded by the following officers:


151st Cavalry Regiment
The 151st Cavalry Regiment was a United States Army cavalry regiment represented in the Arkansas Army National Guard by 1st Squadron, 151st Cavalry Regiment, headquartered in Warren, Arkansas, an element of the 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Background
The 151st Cavalry Regiment was originally represented in the Arkansas National Guard by Troop E, 151st Cavalry Regiment from 1967 until the 39th Brigade Combat Team converted to the Modular Brigade Combat Team concept in 2005. At that time, Troop E at Marianna, Arkansas was deactivated and the Regimental Headquarters was moved to Warren, Arkansas. The former 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment was deactivated and its units were organized as the 1st Squadron, 151st Cavalry Regiment.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, OIF II
12 October 2003, 3-153rd IN and E/151st CAV activated for Operation Iraqi Freedom II and deployment as elements of the 39th Brigade (separate) with the 1st Cavalry Division to Iraq. The 39th Brigade trained at Fort Hood, Texas and Fort Polk, LA before deploying to Iraq in March 2004. Troop E, 151st CAV spent much of the deployment attached to 3-153rd Infantry and was responsible for patrolling the city of Hussainiyah, a town of 500,000 about 12 miles north of Baghdad. At other points in the deployment, E Troop was task organized to 2nd Squadron, 7th Cavalry Regiment and 1st Battalion, 206th Field Artillery. E/151st Cavalry had one platoon of troopers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 102nd Infantry, Connecticut National Guard attached to for OIF II.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, Reorganization
On 5 September 2005, 1st Squadron of the 151st Cavalry Regiment was officially organized and Troop E, 151st Cavalry Regiment deactivated. The squadron headquarters was established at Warren, Arkansas from the former Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment. The 1-151st was organized as a reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition squadron.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, Reorganization
An infantry brigade combat team reconnaissance squadron is composed of a headquarters and headquarters troop (HHT), two motorized (mounted) recon troops, a dismounted recon troop, and a forward support troop. The HHT is organized like a typical headquarters and headquarters company, with the squadron command group and staff sections. The motorized recon troops consist of a troop headquarters and three scout platoons.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, Reorganization
The scout platoons consist of six HMMWVs, armed with .50 cal M2 machine guns, 40 mm Mk 19 grenade launchers, M41 TOW improved target acquisition system, M240B machine guns, and are equipped with the Long Range Advanced Scout Surveillance System (LRAS3). Currently, the scout platoons are manned by eighteen 19D cavalry scouts, but recent revisions call for increasing the manning to twenty four scouts.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, Reorganization
Women are not eligible to serve in a RSTA unit, as RSTA soldiers are considered a combat unit on the front line of enemy engagement. In practice, however, this regulation only holds true for the 'line' troops (the mounted/dismounted recon troops). The forward support troop, despite being part of the squadron, is technically assigned to the brigade support battalion, allowing female soldiers to serve in a RSTA squadron in non-combat roles such as mechanics, and truck drivers.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, OIF 08-09
2008, 2 January, 1st Squadron, 151st Cavalry activated for Operation Iraqi Freedom 08-09. The 1-151st Cavalry trained at Camp Shelby, MS from January through February 2008, before deploying to Iraq in March 2008.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, OIF 08-09
Task Force 1-151st CAV, based at Tallil Airbase, consisted of over 800 soldiers assigned to six companies/troops/batteries consisting of active and reserve components. TF 1-151st CAV conducted over 700 tactical convoy security missions, without losing a single soldier due to enemy activity. The task force was responsible for long haul fuel mission between Kuwait and Tallil Air Base and as far north as Balad Air Base. TF 1-151st CAV suffered one non-combat related casualty when a soldier died while working on a vehicle in the motor pool.


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, OIF 08-09
The original task organization of the 1-151st as directed by 39th IBCT during the predeployment training was as follows:


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, OIF 08-09
Once the 1-151st reached Talilli Airbase, it intillally fell under the tactical control of the 1st Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division. On 21 April 2008, the squadron's higher headquarters became the 7th Sustaiment Brigade, of the 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary). Upon reaching theater the squadron's task organization was changed. The 1-151st was designated to command and control the following units:


151st Cavalry Regiment, History, Global War on Terrorism, OIF 08-09
The 1-151 CAV demobilized at Camp Shelby, Mississippi in December 2008.


151st Cavalry Regiment, Deactivation
In 2015, as a part of restructuring, the 151st Cavalry Regiment, was deactivated that the force structure was moved to the state of Nebraska. The 1st Squadron, 134th Cavalry Regiment, Nebraska Army National Guard replaced it as the cavalry squadron assigned to the 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team.


151st Cavalry Regiment, Heraldic items
Yellow is the traditional color used by Cavalry units. The horse symbolizes the proud heritage and tradition of Cavalry. The Chevron suggests the forward motion, underscoring the unit's motto. The Polestar, adapted from the compass rose, highlights the leadership and direction while alluding to the North Star, commemorating the unit's WW II service in the Aleutians. Black and white refers to night and day and "around the clock" military capabilities. 1-151 Cavalry proudly serves as the Infantry Brigade Commander's eyes and ears on the combined arms battlefield


151st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:59, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


151st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 151st Division (第151師団, Dai-hyakugojūichi Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Utsunomiya Protection Division (護宇兵団, Gou Heidan). It was formed 28 February 1945 in Utsunomiya as a square division. It was a part of the 16 simultaneously created divisions batch numbering from 140th to 160th.


151st Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 151st division was assigned to 51st army in April 1945 and performed a coastal defense duties in Mito, Ibaraki until surrender of Japan 15 August 1945 without seeing an actual combat. 433rd infantry regiment was garrisoning Hitachi, Ibaraki, 434th and 436th - Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, and 435th infantry regiment - Kasama, Ibaraki.


151st Georgia General Assembly, Overview
The 151st General Assembly of the U.S. state of Georgia convened its first session on January 10, 2011, at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta. The 151st Georgia General Assembly succeeded the 150th and served as the precedent for the 152nd General Assembly in 2013.


151st Georgia General Assembly, Members of the State Senate, Changes in Membership from Previous Term
Two seats changed party control from the previous session, one due to defeat of an incumbent and the other due to a party switch (Tim Golden) the beginning of the 151st Georgia General Assembly saw thirteen new state senators. One defeated an incumbent in the General Election, one defeated an incumbent in the primary, Six replaced incumbents who had run for other office. Five replaced a senator who had retired.


151st Georgia General Assembly, Members of the House of Representatives, Changes in Membership from Previous Term
Fourteen seats changed party control from the previous session, three due to defeat of an incumbent, three due to retirements/resignation or runs for other office and the other eight due to a party switch from the Democrats to the Republicans (Ellis Black, Amy Carter, Mike Cheokas, Bubber Epps, Gerald E. Greene, Bob Hanner, Doug McKillip, Alan Powell) the beginning of the 151st Georgia General Assembly saw thirty-four new representatives. One defeated an incumbent in the primary, three in the primary run-off, ten replaced incumbents who had run for other office. Sixteen replaced a representative who had retired.


151st Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 151st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


151st Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The 151st Illinois Infantry was organized at Quincy, Illinois, and mustered into Federal service on February 23, 1865, for a one-year enlistment. The 151st served in garrisons in  Georgia.


151st Illinois Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment had 51 enlisted men who died of disease.


151st Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 151st Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between March 3 and September 19, 1865, during the American Civil War.


151st Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was recruited from the 9th district and organized at Indianapolis, Indiana, with a strength of 1,013 men. It was mustered in on March 9, 1865, and left Indiana for Nashville, Tennessee, on March 13, where it reported to General Lovell Rousseau. On March 14, the regiment was ordered to Tullahoma, where it saw duty until June 14. The regiment was ordered to Nashville, and remained on garrison duty until early September. The regiment was mustered out on September 19, 1865. During its service the regiment incurred sixty fatalities, and another thirty-three men deserted.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 151st Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service during the Second World War in Belgium and France in 1940, and later in North Africa, Tunisia and Sicily, and later in Normandy in mid-1944 and North-western Europe. The brigade was part of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, and for most of its wartime existence consisted of three battalions of the Durham Light Infantry (DLI) the 6th, 8th and 9th.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Order of Battle
151st Infantry Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Battle of France
50th Division with the Brigade was deployed to France with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in January 1940. The BEF was deployed on the border of Belgium, around the city of Lille. In May 1940, German armoured forces broke through French positions east of the BEF, and moved rapidly across its rear, separating it from the main French armies.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Battle of France, Arras counterattack
To close this gap, General Weygand ordered a counterattack by British forces around the city of Arras. "Frankforce" was to include the 5th and 50th Divisions and the 1st Army Tank Brigade.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Battle of France, Arras counterattack
The attack was actually made by just two battalions of the 151st Brigade, the 6th and 8th DLI, with the 4th and 7th Royal Tank Regiments. The attack made significant progress before it was stopped, and the shocked Germans estimated that five divisions had attacked. It may have been one of the factors for the surprise German halt on 24 May that let the BEF begin evacuation from Dunkirk.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Battle of France, Evacuation
After the failure of the Arras attack, the BEF had to get out of France. Most of 151st Brigade and 50th Division were fortunate enough to be evacuated from Dunkirk, but had to leave all equipment behind. On returning home, 151st Infantry Brigade and 150th Infantry Brigade were joined by the 69th Infantry Brigade, from the now disbanded 23rd (Northumbrian) Division (formed as a duplicate of the 50th Division), to complete 50th Division and bring it up to standard infantry division establishment.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Battle of France, Evacuation
The 151st Brigade was brought up to strength, largely with drafts of men from other regiments, with the 9th DLI receiving men from the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, the 6th from the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and only the 8th receiving from the DLI. Together with the rest of the 50th Division, the brigade prepared to repel an expected German invasion.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Battle of France, Evacuation
The 50th Division remained in Britain until 22 April 1941, when it was sent to the Middle East.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa
In April 1941, 50th Division with the Brigade was dispatched to the Middle East. The Brigade was first deployed in Cyprus, then in Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. In May 1942, 50th Division was deployed in Libya as part of XIII Corps in Eighth Army.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Battle of Gazala
On 27 May 1942, General Erwin Rommel, commander of the German-Italian Afrika Korps, attacked the Allied position at Gazala, leading the Afrika Korps in a flanking march around the left (southern) end of the Allied line. The 50th (Northumbrian) Division held the centre of the Allied line, with 151st Brigade on its right (see map at right–151st Brigade's "box" is due south of the town of Gazala).


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Battle of Gazala
During the battle, the 151st Brigade, commanded by Brigadier John S. Nichols since late January 1942, remained facing east against a feigned Axis attack, and did repulse a feinting attack by Italian troops. By 14 June, Rommel had achieved a decisive victory, and the Eighth Army ordered the evacuation of the Gazala line.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Battle of Gazala
The 50th Division was cut off from the coast road to Tobruk, so Major-General William Ramsden, the divisional commander, ordered 151st Brigade (and 69th Brigade) to break through the Italian forces to their front, then circle south before turning east. This remarkable manoeuvre succeeded completely. On the evening of 14 June, 8th Battalion, DLI made 151st Brigade's breakthrough, and the rest of the Brigade followed, except for the 9th Battalion, DLI. 9th DLI was cut off to the west, went north, and joined 1st South African Division's retreat along the coast. The rest of 151st Brigade continued east into Egypt, where the 9th DLI rejoined them.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Mersa Matruh
50th Division was transferred to X Corps on 24 June.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Mersa Matruh
Eighth Army ordered X Corps and XIII Corps to make a rear-guard stand at Mersa Matruh. 151st Brigade was deployed about 17 miles south of Mersa Matruh. On 27 June, the German 90th Light Division attacked 151st Brigade, striking 9th DLI which lost 300 prisoners. On 28 June, British forces abandoned the Mersa Matruh position. On 1 July, 50th Division was withdrawn into Eighth Army reserve in Egypt.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Mersa Matruh
Adam Herbert Wakenshaw, 28-year-old private in the 9th DLI, was awarded the Victoria Cross for his valiant actions in the face of the enemy on 27 June 1942 south of Mersa Matruh.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, El Alamein
On 5 October, 50th Division rejoined XIII Corps in preparation for the Second Battle of El Alamein. During the opening phase of the battle (24–25 October), 50th Division attacked the Italian 185th Parachute Division Folgore in the southern part of the line with little success.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, El Alamein
On 29 October, 151st Brigade was attached to the 2nd New Zealand Division for Operation Supercharge, a new attack at "Kidney Ridge" on 2 November. 151st Brigade was on the right for the initial drive through the German minefields, which started at 1 AM and was a success. The next afternoon, while the tank forces battled, 151st Brigade pressed on to "SKINFLINT", a position about two miles west-south-west of Kidney Ridge.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, El Alamein
That evening, 151st Brigade was withdrawn to XXX Corps reserve, and took no further part in the battle. On 11 November it was returned to 50th Division.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Tunisia
By March 1943, Eighth Army had driven Axis forces all the way across Libya and into Tunisia. Here the Axis forces made a stand, occupying the old French fortifications of the Mareth Line. 50th Division, now part of XXX Corps, was part of the initial assault on 19 March 1943 (Operation Pugilist).


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, North Africa, Tunisia
After the collapse of the Mareth Line, Axis forces retreated north, shortening the front. On 24 April, 50th Division was withdrawn to Eighth Army reserve.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Invasion of Sicily
50th Division, with the Brigade, was again assigned to XIII Corps for Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily. On 10 July, the 151st Brigade landed in the Gulf of Noto, at Avola; its objective was the hills above the landing beaches. The Brigade fought in eastern Sicily until 13 August, a few days before the fall of Messina.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, D-Day
After Sicily, 50th Division, including the Brigade, did not participate in the Allied invasion of Italy. Instead, by request of General Bernard Law Montgomery, on 19 October 1943, 50th Division was withdrawn to Britain for reforming and training, in preparation for the invasion of northwest Europe. The Division and Brigade were under XXX Corps in the British Second Army.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, D-Day
50th Division was designated to land on Gold Beach, in company with the 8th Armoured Brigade. The 151st Brigade was part of the second wave, to land after the beach was secure and push inland. The Brigade was to move southwest from Gold Beach toward Route Nationale 13.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, D-Day
The 151st Brigade came ashore as planned, and got to the outskirts of Bayeux. During the next week the Brigade advanced past Bayeux. On 14 June, the Brigade fought in Operation Perch against the Panzer Lehr Division. The Brigade made the initial assault on the villages of Lingèvres and Les Verrières, which were captured by the 9th DLI. Later that day the Brigade and the 231st Brigade, also of the 50th Division, were cut off south of the villages, formed a "brigade box" and repulsed heavy German counterattacks before withdrawing.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, D-Day
The Brigade continued to fight in Normandy until the German rout in August.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, Operation Market Garden
151st Brigade was part of Garden, the ground component of Operation Market-Garden.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, Operation Market Garden
The Garden force was XXX Corps, spearheaded by the Guards Armoured Division, with the 43rd Wessex and 50th Division in reserve.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, Operation Market Garden
On 23 September, 151st Brigade was ordered to move north and east of Eindhoven with 231st Brigade to guard the right flank.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Northwest Europe, Operation Market Garden
On 30 September, all of 50th Division was tasked with guarding the bridge and bridgehead north of Nijmegen, called "the Island". The first German counterattack was by seventy tanks and the equivalent of an infantry division. There were several more strong German attacks, and 50th Division and the Brigade took substantial losses.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Training service
After this very heavy fighting, 50th Division and the Brigade were pulled out of action. On 2 December, the Division and Brigade were withdrawn to Britain, and converted to training formations. The 9th DLI was removed from the Brigade, and replaced by 1st/7th Battalion of the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment.


151st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Postwar
When 50th (Northumbrian) Division was reconstituted in the Territorial Army in 1947, 151st Brigade was reformed as 151 (Yorkshire & Durham) Infantry Brigade. The brigade had the following composition:


151st Infantry Division "Perugia"
The 151st Infantry Division "Perugia" (Italian: 151ª Divisione fanteria "Perugia") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Perugia was formed on 25 August 1941 as a garrison division and named for the city of Perugia. It was sent on operations to Yugoslavia in December 1941. It was part of the Italian forces committed to the Battle of the Sutjeska. It was then transferred to Albania in August 1943.


151st Infantry Division "Perugia"
Following the Italian surrender in September 1943, the division marched from Gjirokaster to the Albanian coast, where some thousand men could be evacuated by ship to Italy, but the majority was left behind and was largely captured by the Germans of the 99th Regiment, I Mountain Division, at "Porto Palermo". The commander of the "Perugia", gen. Ernesto Chiminello, was shot on October 4, 1943, at 16:45; the next day the other 120 officers were shot on the beach of "baia Limione" (a small bay just north of Sarande) and their bodies were thrown in the sea.


151st Infantry Division "Perugia"
The last 32 officers, after fierce resistance, were captured near Kuc and shot there on the morning of 7 October 1943. Some survivors from the division joined the partisans, many others dispersed and tried to hide and survive in the woods; Bill Tilman reported in October 1943 that some 5,000 survivors from the "Perugia" and "Parma" Divisions were "living on roots and berries".


151st Infantry Regiment "Sassari"
The 151st Infantry Regiment "Sassari" (Italian: 151° Reggimento Fanteria "Sassari") is an active unit of the Italian Army based in Cagliari in Sardinia. The regiment is part of the Italian army's infantry corps and operationally assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Sassari".


151st Infantry Regiment "Sassari", Current structure
As of 2019 the 151st Infantry Regiment "Sassari" consists of:


151st Infantry Regiment "Sassari", Current structure
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon. The regiment is equipped with VTLM Lince vehicles. The Maneuver Support Company is equipped with 120mm mortars and Spike MR anti-tank guided missiles.


151st Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 151st Infantry Regiment is an infantry unit in the Indiana National Guard, part of the 76th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Separate).


151st Infantry Regiment (United States), History
The 151st Infantry Regiment traces its roots to the Indiana Territory Indiana Rangers militia. It was in the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe that it earned its motto "Wide Awake! Wide Awake!" In 1846, the 2d Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, Indiana Brigade was mustered into Federal Service for the Mexican–American War, and was again federalized in 1861 during the American Civil War. It was reorganized in 1882 into the Indiana Legion, which was renamed the Indiana National Guard 5 March 1895. The 151st Infantry Regiment is credited with 24 campaigns from the Civil War due to lineage traced to the 7th, 10th, and 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiments.


151st Infantry Regiment (United States), History
The Regiment was again federalized in 1898 for service in the Spanish–American War. In 1900, it was reorganized as the First Infantry, Indiana National Guard. The First Infantry was mustered into federal service at Fort Benjamin Harrison in 1916 for service in the Mexican Border Campaign.


151st Infantry Regiment (United States), History
With the outbreak of World War I, the First Infantry was reorganized into the 151st Infantry Regiment, and assigned to the 76th Infantry Brigade, 38th Division. The division was mobilized for Federal service in 1917 and demobilized in 1919. The division was again activated in 1941 in preparation for World War II. In the South Pacific, the 151st Regiment earned three battle streamers (New Guinea, Leyte and Luzon) helping the 38th Infantry Division win the nickname "Avengers of Bataan."


151st Infantry Regiment (United States), History
Elements of the 151st Regiment served in the Vietnam War. Company D (Ranger), "Delta Company," was the only National Guard Infantry unit to serve intact, and earned more medals in 1969 than any other Army infantry company during a 1-year period, and has been credited with reintegrating National Guard units with the United States Army after they were intentionally separated during the Vietnam War. The company was eventually assigned to II Field Force Vietnam with the mission of conducting long range patrols in War Zone D, in the III Corps Tactical Zone. After the company's arrival, the 199th Infantry Brigade (Light) oversaw its initial administration and support.


151st Infantry Regiment (United States), History
In 1977, the regiment was organized into two battalions, elements of the 38th Infantry Division. Both the 1st Battalion (1-151 IN) and 2nd Battalion (2-151 IN) are elements of the 76th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Separate), Elements of the 151st have deployed to Bosnia (NATO SFOR), Iraq Operation Iraqi Freedom and Afghanistan Operation Enduring Freedom. During deployment to Afghanistan in 2009-2010, Bravo company of 2nd Bn, 151st Inf received both the Meritorious Unit Citation and the Valorous Unit Award while part of Task Force Yukon and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Khost province during 2009-2010. The two battalions reunited in 2011 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Tippecanoe.


151st New York Infantry Regiment
The 151st New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 151st New York Infantry was organized at Lockport, New York, and mustered in for three years service on October 22, 1862, under the command of Colonel William Emerson.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to the Defenses of Baltimore, Maryland, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to January 1863. 3rd Separate Brigade, VIII Corps, to June 1863. 3rd Provisional Brigade, French's Division, VIII Corps, to July 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, to April 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VI Corps, Army of the Potomac and Army of the Shenandoah, to June 1865.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 151st New York Infantry mustered out of service at Washington, D.C. on June 26, 1865.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Baltimore, Md., October 23, 1862. Duty at Baltimore, until April 22, 1863, and in the Middle Department until June. At South Mountain, Md., until July. Gettysburg Campaign. Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap, Va., July 5–24. Wapping Heights July 23. Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan to October. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. McLean's Ford October 15. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Payne's Farm November 27. Mine Run November 28–30. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May 3-June 15. Battles of the Wilderness May 5–7; Spottsylvania May 8–12; Spottsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient, "Bloody Angle," May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Hanover Court House May 31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 17–18. Siege of Petersburg June 17 to July 6. Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, June 22–23. Moved to Baltimore, Md., thence to Frederick, Md., July 6–8. Battle of Monocacy July 9. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Winchester September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Kernstown and Winchester until December. Moved to Washington, D.C., thence to Petersburg, Va., December 3–6. Siege of Petersburg December 12, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Fort Fisher, Petersburg, March 25, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Sayler's Creek April 6. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Danville April 23–27. Moved to Richmond, Va., May 16; thence to Washington, D.C., May 24-June 2. Corps Review June 8.


151st New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 206 men during service; 5 officers and 101 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 99 enlisted men died of disease.


151st New York State Legislature
The 151st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to March 22, 1928, during the sixth year of Al Smith's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.


151st New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


151st New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Socialist Party also nominated tickets.


151st New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1927, was held on November 8. The only statewide elective office up for election was a judgeship on the New York Court of Appeals which was carried by the incumbent Democrat John F. O'Brien who was nominated by the Democrats and endorsed by the Republicans.


151st New York State Legislature, Elections
Assemblywoman Rhoda Fox Graves (Rep.), of Gouverneur, a former school teacher who after her marriage became active in women's organisations and politics, was re-elected, and remained the only woman legislator.


151st New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 4, 1928; and adjourned on March 22.


151st New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


151st New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


151st New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


151st Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 151st Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 151st Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 151st OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


151st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 151st Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio, and mustered in May 18, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel John M. C. Marble.


151st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment left Ohio for Washington, D.C., May 14 and was attached to 2nd Brigade, Haskins' Division, XXII Corps, to July 1864. 1st Brigade, Haskins' Division, XXII Corps, to August 1864. Assigned to garrison duty at Fort Sumner, Fort Mansfield, and Fort Simmons until August 23. Companies C and G at Fort Stevens, Company I at Battery Smeade, Company K at Fort Kearney. Participated in the repulse of Early's attack on Washington, D.C., July 11–12. The regiment was concentrated at Fort Simmons August 17. Moved to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, August 23.


151st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 151st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service August 27, 1864, at Camp Chase.


151st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


151st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost 10 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 151st Pennsylvania Infantry was a Union Army regiment serving for a term of nine months during the American Civil War. The regiment sustained seventy-six percent casualties in the Battle of Gettysburg, its only major engagement. Following the war, it became popularly known as "The Schoolteachers' Regiment" due to the presence of at least sixty teachers in the regiment's ranks.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Forming of the regiment
The regiment was recruited from across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania during the early fall of 1862, with companies raised from the following counties:


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Forming of the regiment
The 151st Pennsylvania was formed and mustered into nine months' Federal service at Camp Curtin on the outskirts of the state capital at Harrisburg. On November 4, 1862, the company commanders met to elect regimental officers from among themselves. Harrison Allen, former major of the 10th Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment and captain of Company F, was elected colonel of the regiment. George F. McFarland of Company D was elected lieutenant colonel. John W. Young of Company C was elected major. On November 26, the regiment was issued its equipment and smoothbore muskets, and sent by train to Washington, D.C.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Early service
After a halt of a few days in Washington, the 151st Pennsylvania received orders to fall in under the New York brigade of Col. Frederick George D'Utassy. D'Utassy's brigade was composed of the 39th, 111th, 125th, and 126th New York. On December 3, the 151st Pennsylvania and the four New York regiments marched away from Washington toward Union Mills, Virginia on the outer perimeter of Washington's defenses. Posted along Bull Run near the Bull Run battlefield, the regiment stood picket duty and guarded against the partisan guerrillas of Confederate Col. John S. Mosby.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Early service
On February 10, the regiment received orders to march to the main winter quarters of the Army of the Potomac at Belle Plain, Virginia. There, the regiment was reassigned and brigaded with the 121st Pennsylvania, 142nd Pennsylvania, and 80th New York under the command of Brigadier General Thomas Rowley. Rowley's brigade was the First Brigade of Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday's Third Division of the Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds' I Corps.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Chancellorsville
The 151st Pennsylvania's first engagements were during the Chancellorsville Campaign in late April and early May, 1863 near Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Army of the Potomac, under the command of Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, made a series of diversions to mask a bold flanking maneuver around the left flank of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. The I Corps acted as one of the diversions, remaining across the Rappahannock River from Fredericksburg and acting as a pinning force against Lee. While fulfilling this purpose on April 30, the 151st Pennsylvania had its first experience with enemy fire. Confederate artillery batteries across the river opened a strong bombardment in the area. The shelling caused some men of the untested 151st to break ranks and run for cover, but Col. Allen reported later the shells "fell with great rapidity, but none of my command were injured."


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Chancellorsville
On May 2, as the main body of the army engaged Lee's troops in the tangled second-growth forest known as The Wilderness, the I Corps marched roughly twenty miles to join the army's lines. Late that afternoon, Confederate Lt. Gen Thomas ″Stonewall″ Jackson led his corps on a bold flanking maneuver and crushed the Federal right. When the I Corps arrived around midnight, it moved to bolster the right and anchored the army's flank on the Rapidan River. The 151st


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Chancellorsville
Pennsylvania was posted abutting the river and was tasked with guarding the main Federal supply and retreat route at United States Ford. The I Corps remained mostly unengaged for the remainder of the battle, however the 151st Pennsylvania worked in conjunction with the nearby 12th Massachusetts to fight off a series of small incursions by Brig. Gen. Francis T. Nicholls' Louisiana brigade of Jackson's corps. Though the 151st Pennsylvania sustained slight casualties through these skirmishes, Col. Allen reported 12 of the enemy killed and 61 taken prisoner. For the entirety of the campaign, Allen reported 1 man killed, 1 officer "(accidentally)" and 5 men wounded, and 9 men missing.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, Marching toward battle
As General Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia commenced their invasion of Pennsylvania in June, 1863, the 151st Pennsylvania and the Army of the Potomac likewise moved north to repel them. As the campaign began, the regiment was struggling through an epidemic of typhoid fever and dysentery, leaving over 100 men and over half the regiment's officers too ill for duty. On June 8, Col. Allen was granted a furlough due to illness, and Lt. Col. McFarland assumed command of the regiment.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, Marching toward battle
By June 30, the armies had begun to converge on the crossroads town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania near the Mason–Dixon line. That night, the 151st Pennsylvania crossed the border into Pennsylvania and encamped with the rest of Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday's division along the banks of Marsh Creek roughly six miles southwest of town. Shortly after dawn the on July 1, Union Brig. Gen. John Buford's division of cavalry engaged the advancing Confederate division of Maj. Gen. Henry Heth on the series of low ridges northwest of town. Becoming heavily outnumbered, Buford called for assistance from any nearby infantry.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, Marching toward battle
Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, commanding the I Corps and camped a half mile down the road from the 151st Pennsylvania, answered the call and immediately ordered his corps to march to the sound of the fighting. Shortly before 8:00 AM, the 151st Pennsylvania received orders to fall in and begin marching. The 151st and the three other regiments of Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Rowley's brigade followed local roads north and arrived at the scene of the fighting shortly before 11:00 AM. As the regiment marched toward the area, they witnessed their corps commander Maj. Gen. Reynolds being carried to the rear on a stretcher, killed by a bullet to the head. One man recorded later, "Many a tear fell at the site of the stretcher."


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
Upon arriving at the Federal lines, the regiment was sent to remain in reserve on Seminary Ridge, the ridge closest to town and named for the Lutheran Theological Seminary that stood there. While placed near the Seminary, the 151st and other units began constructing crude breastworks in case the area should be needed as a defensive fall-back point. At roughly 3:00 PM, the regiment - by now the last reserve of the I Corps - was ordered forward into a gap that had formed in the main Federal line on McPherson's Ridge. McPherson's Ridge runs parallel to Seminary Ridge and is separated by low hollow about 300 yards wide.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
The regiment advanced from Seminary Ridge, across the hollow, to McPherson's Ridge. Quickly forming their line on the ridge just in front of a woodlot named Herbst Woods, the regiment was immediately struck by a volley from Confederate troops in the trees. Urging his men to fire slowly and aim carefully, Lt. Col. McFarland ordered the regiment to fire at will. McFarland recalled of the firing discipline, "This was strictly observed, and during the next hour's terrific fighting, many of the enemy were brought low."


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
The Iron Brigade, one of the first Federal infantry units engaged that morning, was positioned in McPherson's Woods not far to the north of the 151st Pennsylvania's right flank. The regiments of the Iron Brigade mistakenly believed the large nine-month regiment to be a brigade coming to their relief, and thus began to withdraw to Seminary Ridge. On the right of the 151st Pennsylvania, the other regiments of Rowley's brigade had held position for a period of time in the fields west of Gettysburg. However, these regiments became outflanked on their left by the North Carolinians of Brig.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
Gen. James Pettigrew's brigade. Its supporting forces on the right and left both gone, the 151st Pennsylvania was soon entirely alone on McPherson's Ridge. The regiment had sustained heavy casualties from its front and its exposed left from Pettigrew's North Carolina troops. Seeing the regiment's vulnerable position, Lt. Col. McFarland ordered his remaining men to conduct a steady retreat back across the hollow to the Seminary, where other I Corps regiments were rallying and digging in for the next wave of Confederate attacks.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
A short break in the fighting occurred as Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill rotated in a fresh division to carry on the attacks on the Federal lines near Gettysburg. The 151st Pennsylvania ensconced itself in the barricade before the Seminary, along with the 4th U.S. Light Artillery, Battery B and infantry of Rowley's brigade and the Iron Brigade. The Confederate division of Maj. Gen. William Dorsey Pender advanced toward Seminary Ridge and renewed the assault on the breaking Federal lines. The 151st Pennsylvania faced the South Carolina brigade of Col. Abner Perrin.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
The regiment attempted to repulse the enemy, but the Federal line again became outflanked from the left. Unbeknownst to the men of the 151st Pennsylvania, Federal troops to the left had begun retreating through town to the high ground at Cemetery Hill. Receiving heavy fire from the left, Lt. Col. McFarland ordered a final retreat to the heights south of town. A thick layer of smoke reduced visibility and prevented McFarland from watching Confederate movements.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, "Like ripe apples in a storm"
While crouching in an attempt to see below the smoke as he guided his men away, McFarland was struck simultaneously by bullets through both lower legs. Private Lyman Wilson of Co. F attempted to carry McFarland back to the Seminary for treatment, as it was then being used as a hospital. As McFarland's arm was around Wilson's neck, a bullet came close enough to Wilson's head that it sheared a button off McFarland's cuff. McFarland was treated inside the building, and once Confederate troops advanced and took possession of the town, fell captive to the enemy.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History, Gettysburg, End of the battle and beyond
The regiment reformed on Cemetery Hill at the southeastern edge of town with 113 officers and men left, with Capt. Walter L. Owens of Company D assuming command. It was assigned a position on the left of the II Corps, where on July 3, it helped repulse Pickett's Charge. During the battle, the regiment lost 367 out of 478 officers and men killed, wounded, and captured, a casualty rate of nearly 75%. Col. Allen arrived at the close of the fighting to re-assume command of the regiment, which then participated in the pursuit of the Confederate army. Following the conclusion of the campaign, it was sent to Harrisburg on the 19th and mustered out on the 27th.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Legacy
At Gettysburg, they won, under the brave M'Farland, an imperishable fame. They defended the left front of the First Corps against vastly superior numbers; covered its retreat against the overwhelming masses of the enemy at the Seminary, west of the town, and enabled me, by their determined resistance, to withdraw the corps in comparative safety. This was on the first day.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Legacy
In the crowning charge of the third day of the battle, the shattered remnants of the One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania, with the Twentieth New York State Militia [alternate name of 80th New York], flung themselves upon the front of the rebel column, and drove it from the shelter of a slashing in which it had taken shelter from a flank attack of the Vermont troops. I can never forget the services rendered me by this regiment, directed by the gallantry and genius of M'Farland. I believe they saved the First Corps, and were among the chief instruments to save the Army of the Potomac, and the country from unimaginable disaster.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Legacy
A plaque in McAlisterville, Pennsylvania stands across the street from the site of the former McAlisterville Academy where Lt. Col. McFarland and other members of the regiment taught prior to their enlistment. The plaque memorializes the regiment and its actions at Gettysburg.


151st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Legacy
The regiment's national colors are kept and preserved by the Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee in Harrisburg, along with the flags of other Pennsylvania Civil War regiments. The colors are currently on loan to Gettysburg National Military Park and can be viewed at the park museum and visitor center.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
The 151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (10th Bn King's Own) (151 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the British Army's Royal Armoured Corps that was raised during the Second World War.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History, Origin
The 151st Regiment RAC was formed on 1 December 1941 by the conversion to the armoured role of 10th Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), a hostilities-only infantry battalion raised in 1940. 10th King's Own had been serving in 225th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), a Home Service formation, when it was redesignated 35th Army Tank Brigade. In common with most other infantry battalions that were transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, all personnel would have continued to wear their King's Own cap badge on the black beret of the Royal Armoured Corps.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History, Training
Based at Prudhoe in Northumberland, the regiment began receiving Churchill tanks in February 1942.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History, Training
In August 1942 151 RAC was transferred to Westgate-on-Sea in Kent to serve with 25th Army Tank Brigade in 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, (at that time training as a 'mixed' division). Shortly afterwards, 25th Tank Brigade was replaced by 34th Tank Brigade, and 151 RAC transferred to this formation.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History, Training
During 1943 the regiment continued to be based at various places in Kent, training in the infantry tank role with 43rd (Wessex) and 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Divisions, including wading trials for amphibious operations. One night in December 1943, while based at Folkestone, the regiment's camp was shelled by German artillery batteries on the French coast, and lost a few vehicles destroyed and damaged.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History, Disbandment
In autumn 1943 the decision was made disband surplus tank regiments. One of those selected was 107th Regiment RAC, which had been formed from the 5th Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster). A 'token party' of three officers and 47 other ranks from 107 RAC was sent to 151 RAC. On 30 December 1943 151 RAC formally disbanded in order to adopt the number of 107 RAC – thus perpetuating the link with the 5th Battalion, King's Own, a permanent '1st Line' Territorial battalion as opposed to the 'hostilities-only' 10th Battalion that had become 151 RAC.


151st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History, Disbandment
Under its new designation, the regiment served in Normandy, the Netherlands and Germany during the North-West Europe campaign, before disbanding in 1945.


151st Sikh Infantry
The 151st Sikh Infantry – also designated 151st Punjabi Rifles, see nomenclature (below) – was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was formed in Mesopotamia and Palestine in May 1918, saw active service in the First World War and the Third Anglo-Afghan War, and was disbanded in May 1921.