1609 Brenda, Physical characteristics
American astronomer Richard Binzel obtained the first rotational lightcurve of Brenda in June 1984. It gave a rotation period of 19.46 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude (U=2). In June 2006, a period of 23±1 with an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude was derived from photometric observations made by French amateur astronomer René Roy (U=2).


1609 Brenda, Physical characteristics
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Brenda measures between 26.27 and 29.64 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.115 and 0.133. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1078 and a diameter of 29.59 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.68.


1609 Brenda, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discoverer for his granddaughter, Brenda. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3931). Ernest Johnson is also known for the discovery of the periodic comet 48P/Johnson, using the Franklin-Adams Star Camera.


1609 in Quebec, Deaths
71 per cent of the French population in New France dies during the winter.


1609 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1609.


1609 in poetry
— Last lines from William Shakespeare's Sonnet 18, published this year and, four centuries later, still "eternal lines"


1609 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1609 in science
The year 1609 in science and technology involved some significant events.


160P/LINEAR
160P/LINEAR is a periodic comet in the Solar System. The comet came to perihelion on 18 September 2012, and reached about apparent magnitude 17.


160mm Mortar M1943
The Soviet 160 mm Mortar M1943 is a smoothbore breech loading heavy mortar which fired a 160 mm bomb. The M1943 (also called the MT-13) was one of the heaviest mortar used by Soviet troops in World War II. Around 535 of these weapons were fielded with Soviet forces during the war. It was replaced in Soviet service after World War II by the M-160 mortar of the same caliber.


160mm Mortar M1943, Description
Originally a simple scaling-up of the 120 mm M1938 mortar, it soon became apparent that drop-loading a 40 kg bomb into a 3 meter high tube would be too difficult for any man to do. It was redesigned into a breech loading weapon, and contains a substantial recoil system to soak up the massive shock of firing a 160 mm bomb and prevent the baseplate from burying itself too deeply.


160mm Mortar M1943, Description
The barrel sits in a cradle which is attached to a baseplate and tripod. To load the weapon, the barrel is hinged forward which exposes the rear end of the tube. The bomb is then loaded, retained in place by a catch, and the barrel is swung back into the cradle, which in effect closes the breech.


160mm Mortar M1943, Description
Because of the weight of the mortar, it is equipped with wheels and is designed to be towed by a motor-driven vehicle.


160s
The 160s decade ran from January 1, 160, to December 31, 169.


160s BC
This article concerns the period 169 BC – 160 BC.


160th (Bruce) Battalion, CEF
The 160th (Bruce) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.


160th (Bruce) Battalion, CEF
Based in Walkerton, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Bruce County. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion on February 15, 1918.


160th (Bruce) Battalion, CEF
The 160th (Bruce) Battalion, CEF had three Officers Commanding: Lieut-Col. A. Weir (October 17, 1916—May 6, 1917), Lieut-Col. D. M. Sutherland (May 6, 1917—December 1, 1917), and Major A. M. Moffatt (December 1, 1917—February 23, 1918).


160th (Welsh) Brigade
160 (Welsh) Brigade or Brigâd 160 (Cymru), previously 160 Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Wales, is a regional brigade of the British Army that has been in existence since 1908, and saw service during both the First and the Second World Wars, as part of the 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division. It is a regional command responsible for all of Wales. The Brigade is also regionally aligned with the Eastern European and Central Asian regions as part of defence engagement. The brigade organises an annual patrolling competition in the Brecon Beacons, known as Exercise Cambrian Patrol.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Formation
The Welsh Border Brigade was originally raised in 1908, upon creation of the Territorial Force, and was part of the Welsh Division. The brigade was composed of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Volunteer battalions of the Monmouthshire Regiment along with the 1st Battalion of the Herefordshire Regiment.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, First World War
In 1915 the brigade was re-designated the 160 (1/1st South Wales) Brigade and the Welsh Division the 53rd (Welsh) Division. The brigade fought with the division in the First World War, in the Middle Eastern theatre.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, First World War
The brigade was reconstituted as a result of British troops being sent to the Western Front during the emergency following the German March 1918 Spring Offensive.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Inter-war period
After the war the brigade and division were disbanded as was the Territorial Force. However, both the brigade and division were reformed in 1920 in the Territorial Army. The brigade, now the 160 (South Wales) Infantry Brigade, was again composed of the same four battalions it had before the Great War. However, these were all posted to the 159th (Welsh Border) Infantry Brigade early in the 1920s and were replaced by the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Battalions of the Welch Regiment. The 6th and 7th Battalions were amalgamated as the 6th/7th Battalion, Welch Regiment and the 4th Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry joined in the same year.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War
The brigade, now composed of two battalions of the Welch Regiment and one of the Monmouthshire Regiment, together with the rest of the 53rd (Welsh) Division, was mobilised in late August 1939 and soon afterwards Britain declared war on Nazi Germany. In April 1940 160 Brigade was sent to Northern Ireland and, after the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was evacuated from France, the brigade was mainly involved in anti-invasion duties and exercises training to repel a potential German invasion of Northern Ireland. 160 Brigade, and the rest of the 53rd Division, were sent to Southeast England almost two years later, where they began training for the eventual Allied invasion of Northern France.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War
After another nearly two years spent in Kent training, the brigade, under the command of Brigadier Charles Coleman, with the rest of the 53rd Division, landed in Normandy as part of Operation Overlord (codename for the Allied invasion of Northwest Europe) in late June 1944, and were almost immediately involved in severe attritional fighting around the French city of Caen, facing numerous German panzer divisions, in what came to be known as the Battle for Caen.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War
160 Brigade later participated in the Second Battle of the Odon, sustaining heavy casualties, which resulted in the 1/5th Battalion, Welch Regiment being transferred to the 158th Brigade of the same division and replaced by the 6th Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War
The decision was made by the divisional commander, Major-General Robert Ross (a former commander of the brigade), due to an acute shortage of infantrymen in the British Army at this stage of the war, even more so in finding sufficient numbers of battle casualty replacements (or reinforcements) for three battalions of the same regiment all serving together in the same brigade, which, like 160 Brigade, had also suffered heavy losses.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War
The brigade went on to fight in the Battle of Falaise, capturing large numbers of German troops as prisoners of war (POWs) and the subsequent Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine, later playing a minor role in the Battle of the Bulge, a large role in Operation Veritable in February 1945 and crossing the River Rhine into Germany over a month later, where it took part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, finally ending the war in Hamburg, Germany.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War
160 Brigade remained in Germany on occupation duties until it was disbanded in late 1946.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War, Order of battle
160 Infantry Brigade was composed as follows during the war:


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Second World War, Commanders
The following officers commanded 160 Infantry Brigade during the war:


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Post war
From 1 April 1967, following the 1966 Defence White Paper, the Territorial Army was reorganised as the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Post war
With the disbandment of 5th Division, the brigade came under the control of the new Support Command based in Aldershot, in April 2012.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Current structure
Previously 1st Battalion, The Rifles, 8th Battalion, The Rifles, 1st Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment and 2nd Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment fell under the order of battle of 160 brigade. As a result of the Field Army restructuring in August 2019, 1 and 8 RIFLES moved to 7th Infantry Brigade. 1 and 2 R IRISH have moved to 11th Infantry Brigade.


160th (Welsh) Brigade, Current structure, Headquarter Wales
The brigade does not possess subordinate units following the 2019 Field Army re-organisation. As a result of the restructuring in August 2019, 1 and 8 RIFLES moved to 7th Infantry Brigade. 1 and 2 R IRISH have moved to 11th Infantry Brigade. Headquarter Wales however oversees the following units in Wales including:


160th Air Refueling Group
The 160th Air Refueling Group (160 ARG) is an inactive unit of the Ohio Air National Guard. It was last stationed at Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base, Columbus, Ohio. The 160th ARW was inactivated on 1 October 1993.


160th Air Refueling Group, History
On 8 July 1961 the 145th Aeromedical Evacuation Transport Squadron of the Ohio Air National Guard became an air refueling squadron (145th ARS) and was expanded to add support squadrons and a group, the 160th Air Refueling Group, to control support and flying operations. The 145th ARS becoming the group's flying squadron. The initial support squadrons assigned to the group were the 160th Air Base Squadron and the 160th Material Squadron. The group was equipped with Boeing KC-97 Stratotankers.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) was designated as the gaining command for the group when it received federal recognition. In the fall of 1962 the group's support elements were reorganized to match the organization of other groups gained by TAC. The 160th USAF Dispensary was activated and the 160th Combat Support Squadron supplanted the air base squadron.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Tactical Air Command
In 1964 the 160th ARG participated in Operation Ready Go, the first all United States Air National Guard (ANG) non-stop deployment of fighter aircraft to Europe. In 1965 the group's KC-97Gs were upgraded to KC-97Ls with addition of jet engine pods mounted on the outboard wings.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Tactical Air Command
1967 saw the beginning of Operation Creek Party. This operation provided air refueling support to United States Air Forces in Europe tactical aircraft through the rotation of ANG aircrews and aircraft flying from Rhein Main Air Base, Germany This operation, which continued until 1975, demonstrated the ability of the ANG to perform significant day-to-day missions without being mobilized. The 160th was one of the mission's charter units and when its Creek Party participation ended it had safely flown 426 transatlantic crossings. The unit received the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for the period of 5 June 1967 to 10 May 1968.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Tactical Air Command
The group commander during Creek Party operations, Colonel Frank Cattran, considered aircraft 52-2630 to be "his" bird and often flew it in preference to other assigned planes. This aircraft became involved in a "Sister City" ceremony with Zeppelinheim, Germany - a small town near Rhein-Main AB - near the end of the Creek Party operation. When the unit converted from KC-97s to Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers this aircraft was transferred to the USAF Museum at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, where it can be seen today with its Ohio Air National Guard and Zeppelinheim markings.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Tactical Air Command
In 1971 Clinton County Air Force Base was closed in an economy move by the Nixon Administration to divert military funding to support the Vietnam War. The 160th ARG moved from the closing base to Lockbourne Air Force Base near Columbus, Ohio. The group earned a second Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for the period of 11 May 1968 to 30 June 1975.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Strategic Air Command
In December 1974 Strategic Air Command became the gaining command for all air refueling units, including the 160th. In 1975 the 160th ARG became the first Air National Guard unit to convert to the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker. The group was the first ANG unit to perform the SAC 24-hour alert mission and pass a SAC Operational Readiness Inspection in July, 1976. The 160th also participated in SAC overseas Tanker Task Forces and other priority missions worldwide. In 1984, the group's KC-135As were re-engined and redesignated as KC-135Es. The upgrade to turbofan engines provided a significant increase in performance, safety and reliability.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Strategic Air Command
In August 1990 the 160th was one of the first ANG units to deploy aircraft to the Middle East after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Aircraft, aircrews, and support personnel began volunteer Desert Shield deployments to a provisional tanker task force at King Abdul Aziz Air Base, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, designated the 1709th Air Refueling Squadron (Provisional). The group was called to active duty on 20 December 1990.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Strategic Air Command
Deployment of the unit to the Middle East began on 28 December and 160th crews and aircraft became part of three provisional air refueling wings at Al Banteen Air Base, Abu Dhabi (1712th Air Refueling Squadron (Provisional)), Al Dhafra Air Base, Dubai (1705th Air Refueling Squadron (Provisional)), and at Jeddah. Group personnel also augmented a regional support base at Moron AB, Spain while others deployed to various bases to backfill deployed active duty personnel. Aircraft and volunteer aircrews were heavily involved in "Air Bridge" refueling missions supporting deployment of combat forces to Southwest Asia.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Strategic Air Command
The group began flying Operation Desert Storm combat missions on 17 January 1991. The 160th compiled a remarkable record of mission accomplishment during combat operations. When hostilities ended, the 160th returned home in March 1991 and was welcomed by families and friends.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Strategic Air Command
September 1991 brought the end of the SAC alert mission which the 160th ARG had maintained continuously for more than 15 years. The 145th ARS began conversion to KC-135R aircraft in October 1991, In June 1992 Strategic Air Command was inactivated and the 160th ARG gaining command became Air Mobility Command.


160th Air Refueling Group, History, Inactivation
In September 1993 the 160th Air Refueling Group was inactivated when budget reductions and a reorganization of ANG assets forced a reduction of Ohio ANG units at Rickenbacker ANGB through the elimination of duplicate refueling headquarters and support organizations. The group's 145th Air Refueling Squadron was transferred to the 121st Air Refueling Wing at Rickenbacker. With the addition of the 145th ARS, the 121st ARW became one of only a few "Super Wings" in the ANG, with two flying squadrons and twice as many aircraft assigned as other units.


160th Air Refueling Group, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


160th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)
The 160th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Brigade is a formation of the Ukrainian Air Force. The full name of the Brigade is the 160th Warsaw-Odessa Order of Suvorov 3rd degree Anti- Aircraft Artillery Brigade. (Ukrainian: 160-а Варшавсько-Одеська ордена Суворова ІІІ ступеня зенітна ракетна бригада). The Brigade is considered to be one of the best Anti- Aircraft Artillery units in Ukraine.


160th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)
The 160th Brigade was part of the 21st Air Defence Division (1961-1989) and then the 60th Air Defence Corps from 1989-1992, both part of the 8th Air Defence Army. From 1961-92 it was located at Odessa.


160th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade (Ukraine), History
In 1999 the Brigade was given the honorable name "Odessa" for exhibiting high level of professionalism in protecting the skies over Odessa. The brigade was also awarded with its Colour by the President of Ukraine.


160th Division (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
The 160th Division(Chinese: 第160师)(2nd Formation) was created in March 1949 basing on the 1st Training Division of Northeastern Military Region.


160th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 18:00, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


160th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 160th Division (第160師団, Dai-hyakurokujū Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Chosun Protection Division (護鮮兵団, Gosen Heidan). It was formed 28 February 1945 in Pyongyang as a square division. It was a part of the 16 simultaneously created divisions batch numbering from 140th to 160th.


160th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 160th division was  assigned to 17th area army. 9 May 1945, the division was sent to North Jeolla Province to prepare a coastal defenses, performing uneventfully until surrender of Japan 15 August 1945. 461st infantry regiment was in Buan County, 462nd - in Gunsan, 463rd - in Seocheon County, and 464th infantry regiment - in Iksan.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
The 1st Battalion, 160th Field Artillery Regiment is headquartered in Chandler, Oklahoma. It is a part of the 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Oklahoma Army National Guard.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
The 160th FA saw action during World War II and the Korean War as part of the 45th Infantry Division and again in Afghanistan and Iraq as part of the 45th Infantry Brigade.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), Subordinate units
Additionally, the 160th is supported by its Forward Support Company (FSC)


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), History
LTC William S. Key, newly discharged from the US Army following World War I was appointed Captain of Field Artillery in the Oklahoma Army National Guard. He was directed to organize a light artillery battery at Wewoka, Oklahoma. A 75mm battery was federally recognized as Battery A, 1st Oklahoma Field Artillery on July 28, 1920. Battery "A" became known as the "White Horse Battery" in recognition of the white horses used to tow the artillery pieces. On 18 July 1921, the 1st Oklahoma Field Artillery Regiment, consisting of a Regimental Headquarters and two firing battalions, incorporating the White Horse Battery and other subsequently established artillery units, was federally recognized.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), History
The 1st Oklahoma Field Artillery became the 160th Field Artillery Regiment in October 1921 with two battalions and would become one of the components of the 45th Infantry Division in 1923. The 160th Field Artillery Regiment was disbanded in 1940 when the division was "triangularized" and 1st Battalion became the 160th Field Artillery Battalion, while the 2nd Battalion was renamed the 171st Artillery Battalion. The 160th FA saw action in both World War II and Korea. Thirty-six of its soldiers were killed during the Second World War.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), History
During World War II the 160th FA normally operated in support of the 179th Infantry Regiment and would support the 279th Infantry during the Korean War.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
DescriptionA gold color metal and enamel device 1 3/8 inches (3.49 cm) in height overall consisting of the shield, crest and motto of the coat of arms.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
SymbolismThe shield is scarlet and yellow for Artillery. The dividing line represents the Red River; the projectile in chief, the Artillery fire; and the bezant in base, the clean cut hits made by the 160th Field Artillery Regiment.


160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
BackgroundThe distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 160th Field Artillery Regiment on 30 March 1927. It was redesignated for the 160th Field Artillery Battalion on 2 December 1942. It was redesignated for the 171st Field Artillery Battalion on 30 June 1955. The insignia was redesignated for the 160th Artillery Regiment on 18 October 1960. On 19 July 1972, the insignia was redesignated for the 160th Field Artillery Regiment.


160th Fighter Squadron
The 160th Fighter Squadron (160 FS) is an inactive unit of the Alabama Air National Guard. It was last assigned to the 187th Fighter Wing, stationed at Montgomery Air National Guard Base, Alabama. It was inactivated on 13 September 2007, with personnel and equipment being transferred to the 100th Fighter Squadron.


160th Fighter Squadron, History
Authorized by the National Guard Bureau in 1947 as the 160th Fighter Squadron, Alabama Air National Guard. Organized at Birmingham Municipal Airport and extended recognition as a new unit on 1 October 1947 with no previous World War II history or lineage.


160th Fighter Squadron, History
The squadron was assigned to the 117th Fighter Group and equipped with F-51D Mustangs. The unit's initial mission was the air defense of Alabama. Was re-equipped with RF-51D Mustangs in 1950, being assigned to Tactical Air Command. Its mission was changed to daylight aerial reconnaissance. Its aircraft were former World War II F-5 Mustangs which had been used in the United States in a training role.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Korean War activation
The squadron and its parent 117th Fighter Group were federalized due to the Korean War on 10 October 1950. On 1 November the Mustangs were transferred to other units and the 160th was re-equipped with RF-80A Shooting Star photo-reconnaissance jets and transferred to Lawson AFB, Georgia. At Lawson, the wartime group was formed as the 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, the 157th TRS (South Carolina ANG) (RF-80) and 112th TRS (Ohio ANG) (RB-26). The 117th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was assigned to Ninth Air Force, Tactical Air Command.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Korean War activation
After over a year at Lawson AFB for transition training, and also because the Groups planned base, Toul-Rosières Air Base, France was under construction, finally in January 1952 the group deployed to the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). However at the time of the 117th's arrival, Toul AB consisted of a sea of mud, and the new jet runway was breaking up and could not support safe flying. The commander of the 117th deemed it uninhabitable and its flying squadrons of the wing were dispersed to West Germany. The 112th TRS was transferred to Wiesbaden AB, the 157th TRS deployed to Fürstenfeldbruck AB, and the 160th deployed to Neubiberg AB. The non-flying Headquarters and Support organizations were assigned to Toul.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Korean War activation
The mission of the 117 TRG was to provide tactical, visual, photographic and electronic reconnaissance by both day and night, as was required by the military forces within the European command. The RF-80's were responsible for the daylight operations; the RB-26s for night photography. In June 1952, the 117th was involved in Exercise 'June Primer'. This exercise took place in an area bordered by a line drawn from Cherbourg to Geneva in the east and in the west by the Swiss, Austrian and Russian occupation zone borders.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Korean War activation
The two RF-80 squadrons of the 117th had to complete a number of varying missions, including vertical photography of prospective paratroop air drop zones, oblique photos of the Rhine and Danube river bridges, vertical photography of the airfields of Jever, Fassburg, Celle, Sundorf and Gütersloh and various visual missions on behalf of the seventh army, including artillery adjustment for the 816th field artillery. The 157 TRS had had wire recorders fitted to five of its RF-80's prior to June Primer and these greatly facilitated the latter missions.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Korean War activation
By July 1952 the facilities at Wiesbaden AB were becoming very crowded, and it was felt that the B-26's could fly from the primitive conditions at Toul. The 112 TRS returned to Toul, however the jet-engined RF-80's remained in West Germany until a new runway was constructed.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Korean War activation
On 9 July 1952 the activated Air National Guard 117 TRG was released from active duty. All of the aircraft and support equipment remained at Toul. The 117 TRG was inactivated and its mission was taken over by the newly activated 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Cold War
The squadron was returned to Alabama State Control and was re-formed in Birmingham in the fall of 1952, being re-equipped with the RF-51D Mustang. Sharing the facility with the 106th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron as well as the expanding civil airport led to congestion and in 1953, the 160th TRS was moved to the Montgomery Regional Airport. The Mustangs were at the end of their USAF service in 1955 and the squadron received RF-80s which were also at the end of the line for their USAF service.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Cold War
On 28 September 1956 its parent 117th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was inactivated and discontinued. The reason was that the Groups World War II predecessor unit, the 354th Fighter Group, was re-activated at the new Myrtle Beach AFB, South Carolina. The 117th designation was re-allotted to the Alabama ANG as a new organization, with no World War II lineage or history, and federal recognition was extended the same day. Also in 1956, the 160th began to receive new RF-84F Thunderstreak jet photo-reconnaissance aircraft directly from Republic, replacing the obsolete RF-80s. The squadron continued to operate the RF-84s for the next fifteen years.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Cold War
During the 1961 Berlin Crisis, the 117th TRG was again federalized, along with the 160th TRS on 1 October 1961. The federalized 117th TRG consisted of the 106th TRS at Birmingham; the 153d TRS (Mississippi ANG); the 184th TRS (Arizona ANG), and the 117th. Due to federal budget restrictions, only the 106th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was deployed to Dreux-Louvilliers AB, France. However elements of all three other squadrons rotated to France as part of the USAFE 7117th Tactical Wing until the crisis was defused and the 117th TRG and subordinate squadrons were returned to their various state control on 31 August 1962.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Cold War
On 15 October 1962, the 160th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 187th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 160th TRS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 187th Headquarters, 1187th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 187th Combat Support Squadron, and the 187th USAF Dispensary.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Cold War
In 1971 the RF-4C Phantom II photo-reconnaissance aircraft was being withdrawn from Southeast Asia, and the 160th began to receive these Vietnam War veteran aircraft. The RF-84Fs were retired and during the 1970s the squadron flew the Phantoms in its aerial reconnaissance mission.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Tactical Fighter
In 1983 the 117th was re-aligned from its photo-reconnaissance mission and converted to a tactical fighter mission, transferring its RF-4Cs and receiving Vietnam Veteran F-4D Phantom IIs. The Phantoms were primarily used for Air Defense as part of the Air Defense, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC) division of TAC. By 1988 the Phantoms were being withdrawn from the Air Force inventory, and the 160th began to receive Block 30 F-16C/D Fighting Falcons to use in the air defense mission.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Tactical Fighter
During the 1990s, the 187th has undertaken an ambitious and successful regimen of participation in many Total Force deployments. These deployments have taken the men and women of the 187th to exercises in South Korea, Norway, Guam, Hawaii, Alaska, and many other stateside locations. By far the most significant deployments have been for contingency operations enforcing United Nations sanctions against Iraq. In 1995, the unit deployed for a 30-day rotation to Incirlik AB, Turkey for Operation Provide Comfort II. The following year, the Wing deployed to Al Jaber AB, Kuwait for Operation Southern Watch. Then in 1997, the Wing returned to Incirlik for Operation Northern Watch. These operations were to enforce the respective northern and southern no-fly zones over Iraq.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism
After the 9/11 attacks, the 187th performed Combat Air Patrol flights as part of Operation Noble Eagle in the United States. The unit sustained this effort for Operation Noble Eagle for one year following the events of 11 September.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism
The 187th was again called to active duty in January until April 2003 as part of the largest military mobilization since the 1991 Gulf War. This marked the largest unit activation in the units 50-year history with over 500 personnel being deployed along with aircraft and equipment for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF).


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism
The 187th, as an integral part of the Total Force, deployed to Prince Hassan Air Base (H-5) and Shahid Muafaq Al-Salti Air Base, Jordan, as the lead unit, commanding a mixture of Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, Active Air Force and British Royal Air Force units comprising the 410th Air Expeditionary Wing. This marked the largest integration of coalition Air and Special Forces Operations in history with over 3,500 personnel operating out of this location. The 410th's mission was to prevent Iraqi missile launches against coalition forces and neighboring countries.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism
In September 2004 the unit again deployed over 300 personnel with aircraft and equipment to Al Udeid AB, Qatar for Operation Iraqi Freedom. This deployment also marked a significant first for the unit and the U.S. Military. The 187th was the first unit to ever use the GBU-38 Joint Direct Attack Munition in combat. The GBU-38 is a 500 lb global positioning system (GPS) guided bomb which, while being very effective, minimizes collateral damage. The GBU-38 is a precision guided munition commonly referred to as a "Smart Bomb". This weapon was effectively employed by the 187th in the Battle of Fallujah.


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Global War on Terrorism
In 2006, the 160th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed to Balad AB, Iraq for 90 days and became part of the 322d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF).


160th Fighter Squadron, History, Inactivation
In 2007, it was announced that the Alabama Air National Guard would activate the 100th Fighter Squadron so the state could honor the legacy of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen. As a result, the 160th Fighter Squadron would be inactivated, and the new 100th FS would assume its personnel, equipment and aircraft. The 160th Fighter Squadron stood down in a ceremony at Montgomery Air National Guard Base, on 13 September 2007, with the 100th Fighter Squadron standing up and being bequeathed the history, lineage, and honors of the World War II 100th Fighter Squadron and its successor units.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 160th Infantry Division (German: 160. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II. The unit, at times designated Commander of Reserve Troops X (German: Kommandeur der Ersatztruppen X), Commander of Reserve Troops X/I (German: Kommandeur der Ersatztruppen X/I), 160th Division (German: 160. Division),  Division No. 160 (German: Division Nr. 160), and 160th Reserve Division (German: 160. Reserve-Division), was active between 1939 and 1945.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Commander of Reserve Troops X
As part of the German general mobilization on 26 August 1939, several staffs were activated to supervise the reserve units in each of the Wehrkreis military districts. These staffs were numbered with the Roman numerals that were assigned to their respective military districts. The Commander of Reserve Troops X was formed in the capital city of Wehrkreis X, Hamburg. The initial commander of the command staff was Otto Schünemann.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Commander of Reserve Troops X/I
The unit was redesignated Commander of Reserve Troops X/I on 25 October 1939.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, 160th Division
The Commander of Reserve Troops X/I was redesignated 160th Division on 8 November 1939.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Division No. 160
The 160th Division became the Division No. 160 on 12 December 1939.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Division No. 160
In January 1940, the Division No. 160 consisted of the following formations:


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Division No. 160
In June 1940, the Division No. 160 was deployed to occupied Denmark to replace the 170th Infantry Division and was put under the supervision under the commander of the German occupation forces in Denmark. The division's previous tasks at the homefront were taken over by Division No. 190. In occupied Denmark, the military installations were insufficient to properly accommodate all of the division's forces. In October 1940, the division, now headquartered at Viborg, only contained a single remaining regiment, the Infantry Reserve Regiment 58 (Fredericia), as well as a recovery unit for wounded soldiers, at Flensburg. As a result, the division consisted of the following formations in October 1940:


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Division No. 160
In 1941, Division No. 160 was moved from Viborg to Copenhagen and the 58th Regiment from Fredericia to Ringsted. In summer of 1941, the division was strengthened with the Infantry Reserve Regiment 225, now at Odense, as well as the Artillery Reserve Detachment 58 at Hövelte. As a result, Division No. 160 consisted of the following formations on 1 December 1941:


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Division No. 160
On 1 May 1942, Schünemann was replaced as divisional commander by Horst von Uckermann. On 1 October 1942, the Replacement Army was reorganized and several reserve units were deployed from occupied Denmark to Germany, where they once again joined the Division No. 190 in Wehrkreis X. Because of the reorganization, Division No. 160 gave up its replacement formations and was henceforth dedicated specifically to training tasks.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, Division No. 160
On 1 July 1943, Uckermann was replaced as divisional commander by Christoph Graf zu Stolberg-Stolberg, who was in turn again replaced by Uckermann on 1 August 1943.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, 160th Reserve Division
On 26 October 1943, an order by the Allgemeines Heeresamt of the Wehrmacht gave instruction for the reorganization of several military formations, including Division No. 160. The division became the 160th Reserve Division on 7 November 1943 and was subsequently deployed to Holsted, where the division command served as Defense Staff Jutland-South (German: Vertedigungsstab Jütland-Süd). In December 1943, the division consisted of the following formations:


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, 160th Reserve Division
These formations were joined in 1944 by the Reserve Pioneer Battalion 30 and the Supply Unit 1060. On 10 July 1944, Uckermann was replaced as divisional commander by Friedrich Hofmann, the division's final commander.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, 160th Infantry Division
Within weeks of the end of World War II, the 160th Reserve Division became the 160th Infantry Division on 9 March 1945. The three reserve regiments that had formed the 160th Reserve Divisions became full Grenadier Regiments, numbered 657 through 659. The division's composition in March 1945 was as follows:


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History, 160th Infantry Division
The 160th Infantry Division did not see combat until German surrender in early May 1945. The division remained in Denmark until the end of the war.


160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Superior formations
The 160th Division in its various iterations was supervised by the following superior commands, each of which was presided over by Hermann von Hanneken:


160th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 160th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army. The 1st Battalion, 160th Infantry is a light infantry component of the 79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT).


160th Infantry Regiment (United States)
Originally designated the 7th California, the 160th Infantry Regiment traces their lineage back to the early days of California statehood when the call went out and 17,000 men volunteered for service in the Civil War under the 7th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry. The 1st Battalion, 160th Infantry is now headquartered in the California Army National Guard Inglewood Armory which houses a Regimental room dedicated to preserving the rich history of the 160th Infantry Regiment.


160th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
The regiment traces its history to the 7th Infantry Battalion, formed 1885, and became the 7th Infantry Regiment three years later. The regiment was formed during the Spanish–American War in 1898. Its initial training took place at the Presidio of San Francisco. It later served under General John J. Pershing during the Mexican Border Campaign of 1914. During World War I, the regiment participated in the French Meuse-Argonne Offensive in 1918 and the Battle of St. Mihiel. During the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, units of the 160th Regiment along with units of the 307th Infantry Regiment became known as the "Lost Battalion." Captain Nelson Holderman, a member of the 160th Regiment, was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Lost Battalion action.


160th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War Two
The regiment's armory, located in Los Angeles, California, hosted the fencing competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics as well as the fencing part of the modern pentathlon. As part of the United States mobilization during World War II, the 160th was federalized at Los Angeles, California, on 3 March 1941 and moved to Camp San Luis Obispo, California, within two weeks. The regiment trained there for over a year as part of the 40th Division before relocating to Fort Lewis, Washington, on 29 April 1942. From there, the regiment went to San Francisco, on 1 September 1942, and was shipped to Hawaii the following month.


160th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War Two
The regiment trained in jungle warfare there for over a year before being moved forward during January 1944 to the Solomon Islands. From April through December the regiment fought on New Britain Island during the New Britain campaign. The regiment redeployed through New Guinea and they invaded the Japanese-held Philippines on 9 January 1945. The regiment participated in various actions in the Philippines' Campaign (1944 to 1945) during the rest of the war. It returned to San Francisco on 5 April 1946 and was inactivated the next day. For actions in the Zambales Mountains, Company I was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation.


160th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post–Korea to present
As part of the United States National Guard, the unit was not mobilized for Vietnam, but engaged in suppressing civil disturbances. During the 1965 Watts Riots in Los Angeles, the 160th Regiment was among the first units deployed. They were also activated during the 1992 Los Angeles riots in the wake of the Rodney King trial. Following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the regiment provided humanitarian aid and security to the area affected by the earthquake.


160th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post–Korea to present
Company B of 1st Battalion was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation for their service in Iraq in 2004 and 2005, and the remainder of 1st Battalion was awarded an Army Superior Unit Award for service in Kosovo during a similar period. The regiment served in Kuwait and Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom from 15 February 2007 through 8 August 2008; during this period Company C of 3d battalion was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation, and two soldiers from the regiment were killed.


160th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post–Korea to present
During the George Floyd Protests, the unit was one of the first to be mobilized among the California National Guard on 29 May 2020.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The 130th Army Division, now the 160th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force of the People's Republic of China. It is the only PLA division that took part in all three major wars of PLA after 1949.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The 130th Division (Chinese: 第130师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 19th Division, 7th Column of Northeastern Field Army. Its history could be traced to 1st Security Brigade of Liaoji Military District formed in October 1945. Under the command of 44th Corps it took part in many major battles during the Chinese civil war. The division is the only unit that fought all four times of the Battle of Siping.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In October 1952 the division was transferred to 54th Corps after 44th's disbandment.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In February 1953 the division entered Korea as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korea it took part in the Battle of Kumsong. In 1953 the division was renamed as the 130th Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第130师). In May 1958 it pulled out from Korea.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1959 the division was moved to Tibet to deal with the Tibetan uprising.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1960 the division was renamed as the 130th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第130师). By then the division was composed of:


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1962 the division took part in the Sino-Indian War. During the war the division overrun Indian 11th Brigade, inflicted more than 1,200 casualties to Indian Army.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In December 1969 the division was renamed as the 160th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第160师). All regiments of the division was renamed as follows:


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In February 1979 the division took part in the Battle of Cao Bang during Sino-Vietnamese War.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1985 the division was renamed as the 160th Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第160师). From 1985 to 1998 the division maintained as a Northern Infantry Division, Catalogue B.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1998 the division was reduced and renamed as the 160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (Chinese: 摩托化步兵第160旅).


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 2012 160th brigade was recomposed and was an element of 54th group army. Retired Lieutenant General Dong Zhanlin, who commanded 130th division in Sino-Indian war, attended its recomposing ceremony.


160th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 2017 it was reorganized as the 160th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: 重型合成第160旅) and transferred to the 71st Group Army.


160th New York Infantry Regiment
The 160th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 160th New York Infantry was organized at Auburn, New York beginning September 6, 1862 and mustered in for three-years service on November 21, 1862 under the command of Colonel Charles C. Dwight.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to July 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, to February 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, to June 1864. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Army of the Gulf, to July 1864, and Army of the Shenandoah, Middle Military Division, to February 1865. 3rd Brigade, 1st Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah, to April 1865. 3rd Brigade, Dwight's Division, Department of Washington, to June 1865. 3rd Brigade, Dwight's Division, Department of the South, to November 1865.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 160th New York Infantry mustered out of service November 1, 1865.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for New Orleans, La., December 4, 1862. Expedition to Bayou Teche January 12–15, 1863. Aboard steamer Cotton January 14. Operations on Bayou Plaquemine February 12–28. Duty at Brashear City until March 20. Berwick City March 13. Duty at Bayou Boeuf and Pattersonville until April 2. Pattersonville March 28 (detachment). Operations in western Louisiana April 9-May 14. Second Bayou Teche Campaign April 11–20. Fort Bisland, near Centreville, April 12–13. Jeanerette April 14. Bayou Vermillion April 17. Opelousas April 20. Expedition to Alexandria and Simsport May 5–18. Moved to Port Hudson May 18–25.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Port Hudson May 25-July 9. Assaults on Port Hudson May 27 and June 14. Springfield Landing July 2. Surrender of Port Hudson July 9. Expedition to Donaldsonville July 10–30. Kock's Plantation, Donaldsonville, on Bayou Fourche, July 13–14. Duty near Thibodeaux and at Brashear City until September 2. Sabine Pass Expedition September 4–12. Sabine Pass September 8. Moved to Algiers, then to Berwick September 17. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30. Vermillion Bayou October 9–10. Carrion Crow Bayou October 11. At New Iberia until January 7, 1864. Moved to Franklin January 7, and duty there until March.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Red River Campaign March 10-May 22. Advance from Franklin to Alexandria March 14–26. Battle of Sabine Cross Roads April 8. Pleasant Hill April 9. Monett's Ferry or Cane River Crossing April 23. At Alexandria April 26-May 13. Construction of dam at Alexandria April 30-May 10. Retreat to Mansura May 13–20. Avoyelle's Prairie, Mansura, May 16. At Morganza until July. Moved to Fort Monroe, Va., then to Washington, D.C. July 1–12. Repulse of Early's attack on Washington July 12–13. Pursuit of Early to Snicker's Gap, Va., July 14–23. Snicker's Ferry July 20. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Served detached as supply train guard for the army from August 14 to October 27. Duty at Middletown and Newtown until December, and at Stephenson's Depot and Winchester until April 1865. Moved to Washington, D.C., and duty there until June. Grand Review of the Armies May 23–24. Moved to Savannah, Ga., June 30-July 7. Duty there and at various points in the Department of Georgia until November.


160th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 219 men during service; 6 officers and 53 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 159 enlisted men died of disease.


160th New York State Legislature
The 160th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to May 8, 1937, during the fifth year of Herbert H. Lehman's governorship, in Albany.


160th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


160th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Socialist Party and the Communist Party also nominated tickets. The American Labor Party appeared for the first time on the ballot, but only endorsed Gov. Herbert H. Lehman, and made no other nominations on the state ticket.


160th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1936, was held on November 3. Governor Herbert H. Lehman and Lieutenant Governor M. William Bray were re-elected, both Democrats. The other five statewide elective offices were also carried by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Democrats 2,708,000; Republicans 2,450,000; American Labor 262,000; Socialists 87,000; and Communists 36,000.


160th New York State Legislature, Elections
All three women legislators were re-elected: State Senator Rhoda Fox Graves (Rep.), of Gouverneur, a former school teacher who after her marriage became active in women's organisations and politics; and Assemblywomen Doris I. Byrne (Dem. ), a lawyer from the Bronx, and Jane H. Todd (Rep.), of Tarrytown.


160th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 6, 1937; and adjourned on May 8.


160th New York State Legislature, Sessions
John J. Dunnigan (Dem.) was re-elected Temporary President of the State Senate.


160th New York State Legislature, Sessions
At the opening of the session, eight Republican assemblymen (Barrett, Bartholomew, Conway, Hall, Herman, Lupton, Stephens and Wadsworth) refused to re-elect Speaker Irving M. Ives because of the latter's opposition to Gov. Lehman's relief legislation during the previous session. After a week of deadlock, on January 12, Majority Leader Oswald D. Heck was elected Speaker with 72 votes against 67 for Irwin Steingut (Dem.). Heck then appointed Ives as Majority Leader.


160th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Peter T. Farrell and Erastus Corning 2nd changed from the Assembly to the Senate.


160th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


160th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 160th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment (National Guard) (or 160th OVI (NG)) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
Organized on May 7, 1864 at Camp Zanesville in Zanesville, Ohio, the 160th OVI was composed of elements from four battalions of the Ohio National Guard - the 40th Battalion of Brown County, the 53rd Battalion of Perry County, the 73rd Battalion of Fairfield County, and the 91st Battalion of Muskingum County. The regiment formally mustered into service on May 13, 1864 under the command of Colonel Cyrus Reasoner and departed for Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
Assigned to the First Brigade (Colonel Augustus Moor) of the First Division (Brigadier General Jeremiah Sullivan) of the Department of West Virginia (Major General Franz Sigel), the regiment received orders to the front on May 17, 1864 with a supply train of 200 wagons intended for the division encampment at Cedar Creek, Virginia. The regiment conducted picket and garrison duty until reassigned on May 25 to the newly formed Reserve Division (Major General Franz Sigel), Department of West Virginia (Major General David Hunter).


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment conducted operations throughout the lower Shenandoah Valley in support of wagon trains and on multiple occasions engaged Confederate guerrilla forces under the command of Colonel Harry W. Gillmor and Colonel John S. Mosby. Notable engagements occurred on May 29–30 at Newtown, Virginia and on June 7 at Middletown, Virginia. The regiment proceeded to conduct operations in and about Harpers Ferry, West Virginia and Martinsburg, West Virginia.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
From July 3 to 7, the regiment participated in delaying maneuvers and the defense of Maryland Heights, Maryland during Lieutenant General Jubal Early's invasion of Washington, D.C. with the Confederate Army of the Valley. On July 14, the regiment conducted a 27-mile single day's march to Hagerstown, Maryland where it took charge of a wagon train full of necessary supplies for renewed operations across the theatre. On July 21, the regiment marched to Brown's Crossing, West Virginia and established a network of pickets and patrols along the segment of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad running between Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
Under its guard, the railroad line resumed operations for the first time since July 3, 1864. The regiment additionally played an instrumental role in the completion of the strategic breastworks along Bolivar Heights in Harper's Ferry. On August 25, 1864, having exceeded its term of enlistment, the regiment received orders to return home. The 160th OVI mustered out of service on September 7, 1864 at Camp Goddard in Zanesville, Ohio.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment suffered 20 casualties during its term of service; 5 men killed in action, 2 men wounded in action, 1 man captured who later died as a prisoner of war, and 12 men who died due to disease.


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
Killed in Action:  Private John J. Stewart (July 4, 1864, Sandy Hook, Maryland); Private Isaac N. Steers (July 31, 1864, Frederick, Maryland from wounds received on July 9, 1864 at Monocacy, Maryland); Private Peter Beth (August 13, 1864, Maryland Heights, Maryland); Private Isaac Kelly (August 13, 1864, Maryland Heights, Maryland); and Private George States (August 13, 1864, Maryland Heights, Maryland).


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
Wounded in Action:  Principal Musician Thomas Jackson (May 28, 1864, Newtown, Virginia); Corporal Josiah Petty (July 7, 1864, Maryland Heights, Maryland).


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
Captured:  Sergeant James M. Marlow (August 5, 1864, Brown's Crossing, West Virginia; Died as Prisoner-of-War on February 1, 1865 in Richmond, Virginia).


160th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
Died of Disease:  Private John T. Dutro (June 21, 1864, Martinsburg, West Virginia); Private Thomas Fry (June 30, 1864, Martinsburg, West Virginia); Corporal Isaiah M. White (July 7, 1864, Frederick, Maryland); Private Charles W. Smith (July 16, 1864, Frederick, Maryland); Private Josiah McLees (July 20, 1864, Frederick, Maryland); Corporal Lyman C. Lamb (August 16, 1864, Annapolis, Maryland); Commissary Sergeant Nathan S. Kelley (August 17, 1864, Baltimore, Maryland); Sergeant Andrew J. Wright (August 18, 1864, Maryland Heights, Maryland); Private Andrew Garrett (August 19, 1864, Maryland Heights, Maryland); Private Samuel Anderson (August 28, 1864, Crestline, Ohio); Private John Prall (August 30, 1864, Columbus, Ohio); and 2nd Lieutenant Isaac T. Cramer (September 5, 1864, Zanesville, Ohio).


160th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
160th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (160 RAC) was a short-lived armoured regiment of the British Army's Royal Armoured Corps serving in India during World War II.


160th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Origin
160 RAC was formed on 15 July 1942 by the conversion to the armoured role of the 9th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, a hostilities-only battalion created two years before in July 1940 and which had been assigned to the 212th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), serving alongside the 6th South Wales Borderers, 10th Gloucestershire Regiment and the 18th Welch Regiment (which had left by May 1941), all of which had also been raised in July 1940. In common with other infantry battalions transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, the personnel of 160 RAC, those not weeded out by psychiatrists, would have continued to wear their Royal Sussex cap badge on the black beret of the RAC.


160th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Service
160 RAC embarked for passage from the United Kingdom to India on 29 October 1942, arriving on 22 December and moving to Secunderabad. There it came under command of 267th Indian Armoured Brigade. Later it moved to Poona. However, there was a change of policy, and on 1 April 1943 the regiment was re-converted to infantry, reverting to its previous title of 9th Royal Sussex and coming under command of 72nd Indian Infantry Brigade and, again, serving alongside the 6th SWB and 10th Glosters (both had also been converted, into 158 RAC and 159 RAC, respectively and later re-converted).


160th Regiment State Armory
The Wallis Annenberg Building (originally the 160th Regiment State Armory, and also referred to as the Exposition Park Armory) is a building located in Exposition Park, Los Angeles, California. It was built in 1912 and designed by architect J.W. Wollett. The building served as the armory for the 160th Infantry Regiment between World War I and World War II


160th Regiment State Armory
The armory hosted the fencing competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics as well as the fencing part of the modern pentathlon. It seated 1,800 for the event. It also served as an exposition hall and ballroom during the early- and mid-20th century. In 1947, the armory was converted into a bowling alley and hosted a tournament of the American Bowling Congress. It later served as a roller derby venue.


160th Regiment State Armory
The 160th left in 1961, and the building was used as headquarters for the Board of Trustees of the California State Colleges in the 1960s  It then served as exhibit space for the  Los Angeles Museum of Science and Industry (now the California Science Center) from the 1960s to the 1980s, before being closed in 1990 due to seismic concerns.


160th Regiment State Armory
The building is currently an annex of the California Science Center, serving as the Science Center School and the Amgen Center for Science Learning since 2004.


160th Rifle Division
The 160th Rifle Division of the Soviet Union's Red Army may refer to:


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation)
The 1940 formation of the 160th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, formed as part of the prewar buildup of forces, based on the shtat (table of organization and equipment) of September 13, 1939. The division completed its formation at Gorki in the Moscow Military District and at the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union was in the same area, assigned to the 20th Rifle Corps in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation)
It was moved west by rail to join the 13th Army of Western Front in the first days of July 1941 in the Mogilev area. At the end of the month the division was assigned to the reserves of Central Front before becoming part of Operations Group Akimenko in the reserves of Bryansk Front. In mid-September it was encircled and forced to break out; in the process it lost its commanding officer, much of its command staff and so many men and heavy weapons that it was briefly written off.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation)
Its number was reallocated to the 6th Moscow Militia Division and for the next 18 months there were two 160th Rifle Divisions serving concurrently. By the start of Operation Typhoon at the end of September it was in Operations Group Ermakov; while falling back to southwest of Kursk it managed to avoid encirclement but remained barely combat-effective due to its heavy losses.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation)
The 1940 formation went into reserve at the end of November and was rebuilt to the December 1941 shtat. At the end of December it returned to the fighting in 40th Army of Southwestern Front in the Voronezh area where it remained for most of 1942, after July in 6th Army of Voronezh Front. Under this command it took part in the winter counteroffensives against the Axis forces west of the Don River, eventually as part of 3rd Tank Army in Operation Star which liberated Kharkov. It was then caught up in the German counteroffensive that retook the city and was again badly mauled, but had performed with enough distinction in difficult conditions that it was redesignated as the 89th Guards Rifle Division on April 18, 1943.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Formation
The division actually started forming at Astrakhan in the North Caucasus Military District in August 1939 but was not considered complete until after it was moved to Gorki in July 1940, with the final steps completed the following month. As of June 1941 it had the following order of battle:


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Formation
Maj. Gen. Ivan Mikhailovich Skugarev was appointed to command on July 16, 1940. This officer had previously commanded the 37th Rifle Division before being arrested in September 1937 during the Great Purge. He was imprisoned for a year before being released to serve as a senior instructor at the Military Economics Academy. He was still in command at the start of Operation Barbarossa and the division was fortunate to still be in the Gorki area well to the east of the frontier. At this time it was assigned, with the 137th Rifle Division, to the 20th Rifle Corps under direct command of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
20th Rifle Corps, which now included the 132nd Rifle Division, was officially assigned to 13th Army on July 10. The first trains carrying the 160th began arriving and offloading at Chavusy and nearby stations east of Mogilev on July 12/13, being subjected to German air attacks in the process. By this time the 2nd Panzer Group had forced crossings of the Dniepr north and south of Mogilev and by the end of July 15 the city was encircled, albeit loosely, and largely cut off from the remainder of 13th Army.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
The Army commander, Lt. Gen. V. F. Gerasimenko, and his staff managed to escape eastward to begin establishing a new defense along the Sozh River. By the end of the next day the 20th Corps itself was facing the prospect of encirclement by the XXIV Panzer Corps and was falling back to the Sozh with the 160th farthest east.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
In the chaos of arrival, offloading and reorganization while under attack the division was already badly scattered. General Skugarev was attempting to defend Chavusy with part of his forces while the 537th Rifle Regiment attempted to hold along the Resta River before being bypassed on both sides and ordered to retreat. After Chavusy was lost Skugarev attempted to get his men back across the Sozh at Krychaw, a task made immensely complicated by an almost total breakdown in communications.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
The 160th was able to hold out along this line until August 4 when it was ordered back east of Gomel to the reserves of Central Front for replenishment. In just these few weeks of fighting the 443rd Rifle Regiment had been largely destroyed, the 566th Artillery Regiment and the 290th Antitank Battalion had lost most of their guns, and the division as a whole was down to 5,000 of its initial 14,000 personnel.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
After the move to the Novobelitskiy district the division came under the direct command of Central Front. The Front's mission was to protect the junction between the Western and Southwestern Fronts. While rebuilding the 868th Rifle Regiment of the 287th Rifle Division was transferred to the 160th and renumbered as the new 443rd Regiment.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
Bryansk Front was created on August 16 and by August 30 the division had been transferred to this Front, serving as part of Operational Group Akimenko, which was under the command of Maj. Gen. A. Z. Akimenko and also included the 127th Rifle Division and the 753rd Antitank Regiment. On that date the STAVKA ordered the Front to attack with all its forces towards Roslavl and Starodub to destroy the German forces in the Pochep area and then exploit toward Krychaw and Propoisk. While these orders were utterly unrealistic and resulted in failure, in the first days of September the 127th Division, which was positioned south of Dorogobuzh, began moving south and took part in the Yelnya offensive. Meanwhile, the 160th remained in place.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
In the last days of August the bulk of the 2nd Panzer Group and the 2nd Army began moving south in a movement that would lead to the Kiev encirclement. Group Akimenko was on the south flank of Bryansk Front west of Rylsk and well out of the direct path; however, the Front commander, Lt. Gen. A. I. Yeryomenko, was under pressure from the STAVKA to divert German strength and therefore continued to order effectively suicidal attacks to the west.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
Yeryomenko's task was further complicated when the 17th Panzer Division captured Glukhov on September 9, shattering the communications between the armies of the Front. The 160th was caught up in this fighting and largely encircled. In the effort to break out the division took heavy casualties and on September 18 General Skugarev was taken prisoner. This officer would remain in German PoW camps for the duration of the war; after the German surrender he was briefly arrested before being released and returning to service up to his retirement in 1947.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
In the chaos that had been enfolding the Red Army since the invasion the 160th was briefly understood as having been destroyed, especially given the loss of its commander and much of its command cadre. On September 26 its number was reassigned to the 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii) which was in the 24th Army reserves.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk
However, on September 20 Col. Mikhail Borisovich Anashkin was moved from the position of chief of staff of the 282nd Rifle Division to command the remnants of the 160th and as of October 1 it was rebuilding in Operational Group Ermakov, still in Bryansk Front. With the permission of the STAVKA Yeryomenko ordered the Front's forces to go over to the defense as of 1330 hours on September 28, with the indication that "within the next several days an enemy offensive toward Bryansk and toward Sevsk or L'gov must be expected." At this time Group Ermakov numbered 33,562 men and had 103 tanks and 132 guns and mortars, although it isn't clear if this includes the casualties suffered on September 27, which amounted to 4,913 men killed, wounded or missing.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk, Operation Typhoon
The expected offensive began on September 30 before any effective defensive measures could be taken. Group Ermakov faced the 17th and 18th Panzer Divisions of the XLVII Panzer Corps. Sevsk fell on October 1 and the panzers began exploiting along the Oryol axis.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk, Operation Typhoon
The next morning Yeryomenko was in communication with Stalin and proposed to launch an attack on the flanks of the breach with the 307th and 121st Rifle Divisions and 55th Cavalry Division from the north and from the south with the 2nd Guards (formerly 127th) and 160th Rifle Divisions in the direction of Lokot Station, Esman and Svessa. Stalin agreed with the plan and promised two tank brigades and two rifle divisions by way of Oryol.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk, Operation Typhoon
In the circumstances the 160th and 2nd Guards had insufficient strength for this task and General Ermakov was moving back to Rylsk, out of communication except by liaison aircraft. Further orders on October 3 demanded that 2nd Guards attack regardless while the 160th took over its sector and remained in place.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk, Operation Typhoon
By October 5 the division was located west of Oryol after the 4th Panzer Division had seized the city and the XLVII Panzer Corps was driving north between there and Bryansk in the process of encircling the 13th and 3rd Armies. Two days later it fell back toward the northeast as the advance of 4th Panzer stalled along the road to Mtsensk. By the middle of the month it had retreated to the southwest of Kursk, still under command of 13th Army.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Battles for Mogilev and Bryansk, Operation Typhoon
Near the end of November it was reassigned to 40th Army in Southwestern Front, where it would remain through the following months as it was rebuilt to the December 1941 shtat. This involved converting the 566th to a standard divisional artillery regiment, changing the 186th Reconnaissance Battalion to a company, and gathering together most of the rifle regiments' mortars to form the 532nd Mortar Battalion. During this period 40th Army was stationed in the Voronezh area.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Case Blue
During April 1942 the 40th Army was moved to the reformed Bryansk Front. The 160th was still under these commands near the end of June when the German summer offensive began. It was positioned north of Tim and when the attack began on June 28 the XLVIII Panzer Corps struck at the boundary between it and the 121st Rifle Division, driving the latter off to the north. XLVIII Panzer Corps fielded roughly 325 tanks while 40th Army had only about 250 in its entire sector. The 160th and the 212th Rifle Division to its south faced the 24th Panzer Division with the Großdeutschland Division escheloned to its left which jointly destroyed their defenses before advancing 16 km to the Tim River where the 24th Panzer seized a railroad bridge intact.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Case Blue
40th Army's commander, Maj. Gen. M. A. Parsegov, reported that his divisions had suffered "significant losses" but "had not lost their combat capabilities" while urgently requesting assistance from his Front commander. On June 29 the 160th dug in along the Kshen River where it soon came under attack by the 9th Panzer Division of XXIV Panzer Corps. This was already nearly 30 km behind the lines held by the Army when the offensive began and the 121st Division was currently in complete disarray.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Case Blue
By now the 160th, along with the 212th, 45th and 62nd Rifle Divisions, had been loosely pocketed west of Stary Oskol between the XLVIII Panzer and the VIII Army Corps. Over the following days the 160th fell back from the Kshen to the Olym River with the assistance of the fresh 284th Rifle Division defending along this river north and south of Kastornoye.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Case Blue
By late on July 1 the situation facing 40th Army and its neighbors to the south was producing consternation within the STAVKA. Overnight the Front headquarters belatedly authorized Parsegov to pull his left wing back to the Olym and Oskol Rivers but this had to be carried out "under conditions of the complete absence of control on the part of 40th Army's commander and staff, who by this time were already situated in Voronezh." Early on July 3 Parsegov was replaced by Lt. Gen. M. M. Popov who scrambled to create a defense for the city.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Case Blue
Meanwhile, Stalin authorized the deployment of four reserve armies to the region, including the 6th Reserve which would be redesignated as the 6th Army on July 10 and was moving to positions along the Don River south of Voronezh. During July 4 the 160th made its way to this river, moving perilously between the spearheads of 9th Panzer and 3rd Motorized Divisions and two days later it formed a tentative line along the Treshchevka River to hold back the latter.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Case Blue
During the following week its remnants managed to cross the Don north of Voronezh before making its way south of the city and joining 6th Army while taking up positions along the Voronezh River. While as many as half of 40th Army's personnel successfully reached and crossed the Don the 160th was one of the few units that still existed as organized combat formations.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
The situation around Voronezh soon became a stalemate as the German mobile forces were required to push eastward toward Stalingrad. As of the beginning of August 6th Army was part of the newly formed Voronezh Front. On August 19 Colonel Anashkin was moved to command of the 159th (later 61st Guards) Rifle Division; he would eventually reach the rank of lieutenant general, would command several rifle corps and be made a Hero of the Soviet Union before his retirement in 1946. He was replaced the next day by Col. Mikhail Petrovich Seryugin who had been serving as the deputy commander of the 212th Rifle Division.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
At the start of December, after the German 6th Army had been encircled at Stalingrad, the 160th was still under the same commands in much the same area along the Don. The planning for Operation Saturn, which had begun in late November, had included the Soviet 6th Army of Voronezh Front operating jointly with Southwestern Front to penetrate the defenses of the Italian 8th Army, reach the Kantemirovka region, and protect the right flank of that Front's forces.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
6th Army now contained five rifle divisions, including the rebuilt 160th, two tank corps plus a tank brigade and two tank regiments, one tank destroyer brigade, the 8th Artillery Division and additional artillery assets, and was supported by the entire 2nd Air Army. As the situation evolved during early December, particularly with the commitment of 2nd Guards Army to counter the German attempt to relieve the Stalingrad pocket, Operation Saturn became Operation Little Saturn, but the role of 6th Army remained much the same.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
The offensive began on December 16. 6th Army faced four Italian divisions dug in on the west bank of the hard-frozen Don. Shock groups deployed on the Army's left (south) wing and 1st Guards Army's right (north) wing were to attack southward and southeastward into the Italian Army's deep rear with the goal of linking up with 3rd Guards Army behind Army Detachment Hollidt and the remnants of the 3rd Romanian Army.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
The shock groups of both the 6th and 1st Guards Armies were concentrated on a narrow sector in the Verkhny Mamon region opposite the 3rd Infantry Division Ravenna and 5th Infantry Division Cosseria, reinforced by the German 318th Security Regiment. The shock group of 6th Army (15th Rifle and 17th Tank Corps) did not include the 160th, which would play a supporting role.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
Soviet artillery struck the Italian positions before dawn at which time the attack began; however, the artillery was hindered in its spotting by heavy fog along the ice-covered river and in the first 24 hours the Italian forces did a creditable job in limiting the attackers to penetrations of little more than 3 km. 6th Army regrouped its divisions and resumed its offensive the next day with armor thoroughly integrated with the infantry, leading to a complete rout of the Axis forces throughout its main attack sector.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
The 17th Tank Corps was committed late in the afternoon at the boundary of the 3rd and 5th Italian Divisions and reached 20 km into the Italians' rear area by the end of the day. By the end of December 18 the Soviet armor had broken into the clear, 17th Tanks was halfway to Kantemirovka, and the Italian infantry divisions had simply disintegrated from fear and exhaustion.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn
6th Army was transferred to Southwestern Front on the morning of December 19. By now it was clear that the Axis forces of Army Group B lacked the resources to halt Little Saturn and began a fighting withdrawal to the west and south, although sizeable groupings were being encircled in several towns and villages. By December 24 the Soviet mobile corps had remarkably exploited as much as 200 km into the Army Group's rear. During the last days of the year the 6th Army protected the Kantemirovka region as planned while 1st Guards Army besieged Axis forces pocketed at and around Gartmashevka Station, Chertkovo and Millerovo.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
After regrouping its southern forces in the first days of 1943 the STAVKA was determined to defeat the Axis forces (primarily the 2nd Hungarian Army and remnants of Italian 8th Army) operating along the Voronezh–Kursk and Kharkov axes. The first task was to crush the forces defending the area of Ostrogozhsk and Rossosh, which would primarily involve forces of Voronezh Front.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
In this offensive the role of 6th Army would be reversed; instead of being an army of Voronezh Front protecting the north flank of Southwestern Front it would be an army of the latter protecting the south flank of the former. It was facing the remnants of the II Italian Army Corps. The 160th was still operating as a separate division in 6th Army, which now had only five rifle divisions and one rifle brigade on strength.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
The new offensive began on January 13. The immediate objective of 6th Army was Pokrovskoye. 3rd Tank Army had been transferred to Voronezh Front and took up positions north of 6th Army between Novaya Kalitva and Kantimirovka; it would launch the main attack to envelop the Axis group of forces. That Front had also deployed the 18th Rifle Corps between 3rd Tank and 6th Armies to serve as a shock group.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
Its 270th Rifle Division was slated to launch a supporting attack on the third day from the area south of Pavlovsk in the general direction of Saprina in order to surround and destroy the Axis grouping along the sector from Belogore to Pasekovo in cooperation with 6th Army's 160th and 127th Rifle Divisions and the 180th Rifle Division of 3rd Tank. During the first day the 160th and 127th were to tie down enemy forces with artillery and small arms fire before going over to the attack on the second day. The two divisions were controlled by the 6th Army's deputy commander.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
During January 15 the Axis forces put up strong resistance along 3rd Tank Army's right flank where the 180th Division was attacking. 12th Tank Corps reached the town of Rossosh from the south with its main forces by day's end. With this development the units defending against the 160th and 127th began a disorderly withdrawal to the south and west.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
An Axis grouping consisting of units of the German 387th Infantry Division and the Italian Ravenna Division was attempting to hold the town of Mitrofanovka which drew the attention of the 180th Division and other elements of 3rd Tanks through the morning of January 16. Once this resistance was broken the remnants of this grouping fell back to the north, trying to reach the positions of the Italian Alpine Corps east of Rossosh. The 160th took up the pursuit along with the 180th Division and the 37th Rifle Brigade and by the end of the day had reached Krinichnaya. On the same day as per STAVKA VGK Directive No. 30017 the 160th and the 62nd Guards (former 127th Division) were transferred to Voronezh Front and came under command of 3rd Tank Army.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
The goal of 3rd Tanks' right flank rifle formations on January 17 was to eliminate the Axis forces still resisting southeast of Rossosh. The 62nd Guards and 160th attacked along the right (west) bank of the Don and captured a line from Staraya Kalitva to outside Shevchenko. By the end of the day the Axis grouping (German 387th and 385th Infantry, Italian Ravenna and 4th Alpine Division Cuneense) was reduced to one escape route to the north which was under attack by 18th Rifle Corps. The following day the two Soviet divisions reached Yevstratovskii and continued attacking to the north.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
The encirclement battle continued on January 19 as the 160th and 62nd Guards, in conjunction with the 180th, fought to destroy the Axis force in the Annovka area. The former two took up the pursuit to the north and by day's end the Axis divisions were reduced to small groups attempting to break out. Following this fighting the 160th and 62nd Guards were dispatched to the Olkhovatka area with the mission of subsequently moving up to the Oskol River to take up jumping-off positions for the Front's new offensive on the Kharkov axis. During this march the 160th continued mopping up refugees from the encirclement, including an attack on January 23 toward Podgornoe with the 62nd Guards and the 219th Rifle Division which effectively ended organized resistance of the encircled force.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Operation Star
On January 25 the Red Army launched the Voronezh–Kastornoye Offensive, and while this mostly involved the northern forces of Voronezh Front plus Bryansk Front in an effort to encircle and destroy German 2nd Army, the 3rd Tank Army continued advancing to the west. It took a more leading role in Operation Star, which began on February 2 and had the objective of liberating Kharkov and Kursk. Hitler had declared the former a fortress, despite its lack of fortifications and the paucity of troops with which to hold it.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Operation Star
The SS Panzer Corps made several efforts to halt the offensive but by February 13 its north flank had been forced back to the outskirts of the city. By the end of February 15 it had evacuated Kharkov and fallen back to the Uda River and 3rd Tank Army took control of the city. On February 18 Colonel Seryugin was wounded and hospitalized. He was replaced in command of the 160th by division deputy commander Col. Aleksei Ivanovich Baksov, but would return to the division on 9 April. As of the beginning of March the 3rd Tank Army had been moved to Southwestern Front.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Operation Star
The German counteroffensive began on February 19 with the 2nd SS Panzergrenadier Division Das Reich striking behind the advance guards of 1st Guards and 6th Armies east of Dnepropetrovsk. Over the following days the remainder of the SS Corps joined the thrust northward. The offensive made significant gains and by February 26 had reached the south flank of Voronezh Front west of Kharkov.


160th Rifle Division (1940 formation), Operation Little Saturn, Operation Star
Starting on March 1 the 4th Panzer Army covered 80km in five days despite the onset of the spring thaw; east of Krasnograd it trapped and badly damaged three rifle divisions (including the 160th) and three tank brigades of 3rd Tank Army. The SS Corps retook Kharkov on March 13 after three days of street fighting. The remnants of the division fell back to the east, coming under the command of 69th Army in Voronezh Front. Despite its losses in this counteroffensive the 160th had distinguished itself in the previous breakthrough and exploitation operations under miserable winter conditions so that, on April 18, it was redesignated as the 89th Guards Rifle Division.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation)
The 1941 formation of the 160th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, originally formed as the 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii) in early July 1941. The division gradually completed its formation in the 24th Army of Reserve Front east of Smolensk but was not committed to combat until after it was renumbered as the 160th on September 26. This renumbering was based on a misunderstanding that the original 160th had been encircled and destroyed earlier that month; as a result for the next 18 months there were two 160th Rifle Divisions serving concurrently.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation)
The 1941 formation was swept up in Operation Typhoon in October and came so close to being destroyed itself that it disappeared from the Red Army order of battle at the start of November. It returned to the fighting as part of 33rd Army in late January 1942 but was still so under strength that two of its rifle regiments had to be reformed by wholesale replacements from other divisions and it was not until the late spring that it was fully combat-capable.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation)
The 160th played minor roles in the battles around the Rzhev salient into early 1943 and then a more active part in the summer offensive toward Smolensk, under 33rd Army until September when it was transferred to 49th Army, both in Western Front. When that Front was disbanded in early 1944 the division was transferred to 2nd Belorussian Front where it joined 70th Army; it would remain under this army almost continually for the duration of the war, from April as part of the 114th Rifle Corps. Prior to Operation Bagration that Army was reassigned to 1st


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation)
Belorussian Front and during its latter stage the 160th was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its part in the breakthrough of the German defenses west of Kovel and at the end of August earned the honorific "Brest", along with one of its rifle regiments, for the liberation of that city. Near the end of the year the division transferred back to 2nd Belorussian Front and under that command served in the Vistula-Oder Offensive and the East Pomeranian Offensive; during the latter operation two of its subunits were awarded the honorific "Gdańsk". During the Berlin operation the 160th fought across the Oder River and northward to the Baltic, ending the war in northern Germany. As it was surplus to requirements postwar it was disbanded in June 1945.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii)
The division began forming on July 2, 1941 as part of a wave of volunteer enthusiasm that swept Moscow immediately after the German invasion. It was composed of volunteers from the Dzerzhinskii district in the north-central part of the city. It was intended to have the following order of battle:


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii)
Maj. Gen. Nikolai Mikhailovich Dreier was appointed to command the day the division started forming but was replaced on July 7 by Col. Aleksei Ivanovich Shundeev. By July 11 the division had 7,456 personnel assigned, but no equipment. Later that month it was assigned to 24th Army in Reserve Front along the defense line that was being constructed at Mozhaysk but it was still extremely short of weapons and was kept out of the front lines. The writer Konstantin Simonov encountered some of these militiamen:


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii)
In the next village we met units from one of the Moscow volunteer divisions, apparently the 6th. I remember that they produced a gloomy impression on me at the time... I found it hard to bear. I thought: do we really have no other reserves besides these volunteers, dressed anyhow and barely armed? One rifle for two men, and one machine gun. For the most part they were not young: forty or fifty years old. They marched without supply wagons, without the normal regimental and divisional support... Their uniforms were second- or third-hand tunics: some had once been dyed blue. Their commanders were not young either, reservists who had not served for many years. They all still needed to be trained, formed, and made to look like soldiers.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii)
On August 14 it had 599 officers, 808 NCOs, and 5,607 enlisted personnel, but still had only 6,335 rifles, 62 light and 208 heavy machine guns, and only four 76mm guns for its heavy weapons. By the end of the month the division was finally beginning to take shape as a combat unit.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii)
On August 31 it consisted of 9,791 men, including 405 officers, 1,035 NCOs, and 8,054 enlisted men armed with 7,358 rifles, 574 semi-automatic rifles, 43 HMGs, 81 50mm, 54 82mm, and six 120mm mortars, 12 76mm guns, 20 T-27 tankettes in the tank company, 144 trucks of all kinds, 15 motorcycles, and 26 radios. At this time the volunteers were issued proper uniforms and took the military oath and each division was given its battle flag in a ceremony of great solemnity. However since the 6th still had almost no artillery and the T-27s had actually been retrofitted after serving as tractors it remained in the reserves of 24th Army.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii), Redesignation
At the beginning of September the 1940 formation of the 160th was part of Group Akimenko in Bryansk Front stationed west of Rylsk. The 17th Panzer Division captured Glukhov on September 9, shattering the communications between the armies of the Front. The division was caught up in this fighting and largely encircled. In the effort to break out it took heavy casualties and on September 18 its commander was taken prisoner. In the prevailing chaos it was believed the division had been destroyed leaving its number available to be reallocated. However by the beginning of October the 1940 formation had a new commander and was rebuilding in Bryansk Front.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii), Redesignation
When the 6th Moscow Militia Division was redesignated its order of battle, based on the shtat (table of organization and equipment) of July 29, became as follows:


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), 6th Moscow Militia Division (Dzerzhinskii), Redesignation
Several of the rear-echelon subunits, such as the medical/sanitation battalion, took over numbers that had been allocated to the 1940 formation, although some of these were later changed. Col. Fyodor Mikhailovich Orlov took over command from Colonel Shundeev on the day the division was redesignated as the 160th. The latter officer would die in battle on October 9.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow
By late in September it was becoming clear that the German High Command was planning a new offensive aimed at Moscow before the start of the autumn rasputitsa. Reserve Front was by now under command of Marshal S. M. Budyonny and controlled six armies. The 24th and 43rd Armies with 10 divisions were deployed in the first echelon between the Western and Bryansk Fronts on a front of 108 km from the area of Yelnya to the Roslavl–Kirov railroad.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow
33rd Army was in second echelon backing the 24th and 43rd and both of the latter were poorly equipped and weakened from fruitless attacks to improve their positions. The sector of 24th Army was up to 40 km wide with four divisions in first echelon and one in the second. The 160th was part of a combined-arms reserve with the 144th and 146th Tank Brigades, and the 879th and 880th Antitank Artillery Regiments.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
The 24th Army's intelligence summary from September 26 directly stated:


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
The enemy is shifting units from the Yelnia axis to the Roslavl–Pochinok direction, and by this is striving to create a superiority of force, plainly in readiness for an offensive within the next few days on the Roslavl axis.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
The offensive by 4th Army and 4th Panzer Group began on this sector on October 2 and within days the 160th was in serious difficulties. The German VII and XX Army Corps quickly drove in the left (south) flank of 24th Army and began pushing northeastward, encircling and destroying several Soviet formations in their paths by October 5. The chief of the political section of 24th Army, Division-Commissar K. K. Abramov, reported:


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
6 October: The adversary didn't allow a possibility to the units of these divisions to break contact... and as they withdrew... they were compelled to fight their way out of encirclement. By the evening of 6 October, the regiments of the 24th Army, shedding blood and fighting fiercely, had already lost the majority of their troops, who fell on the lines they were defending near Yelnya. As a result of the combat on this day the 8th Rifle Division could no longer hold a front of 20 kilometres, and the enemy emerged into the rear along the axis toward Dorogobuzh...


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
The 6th Rifle Division [actually the 160th Rifle Division] also couldn't hold its line, because the front had no switch positions and the enemy was attacking from behind... the army headquarters wound up isolated from its units and from Semlevo, backed up against the swampy bottom land of the Osma River and was compelled... to conduct a fighting withdrawal to Semlevo.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
The withdrawal was covered by the 8th and 139th Rifle Divisions. In comparison to the retreats of the 19th and 20th Armies it was conducted in much more difficult circumstances and was less organized. The withdrawal routes became densely congested with vehicles, wagons, tanks, towed guns and other combat equipment; now and then traffic jams arose. Antiaircraft defenses were disorganized and almost completely ineffective due to ammunition shortages.


160th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Battle of Moscow, Operation Typhoon
Abramov reported that the 160th, along with the two rearguard divisions along with the Army-level units and divisional rear elements withdrew along the road from Volochek to Semlevo on the morning of October 7. German forces had seized the Yelnia–Markhotkino road through Yaroslavets, threatening the 24th Army headquarters in the Volochek area. Communications were only possible by radio.