169th Engineer Battalion, Honors
Campaign Participation CreditWorld War II Rome-ArnoNorth ApenninesPo ValleyVietnamCounteroffensive Counteroffensive, Phase II Counteroffensive, Phase III Tet CounteroffensiveCounteroffensive, Phase IVCounteroffensive, Phase VCounteroffensive, Phase VITet 69/CounteroffensiveSummer–Fall 1969Winter–Spring 1970Sanctuary CounteroffensiveCounteroffensive, Phase VIIConsolidation IConsolidation IICease–FireDecorationsMeritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966–1967 Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1967Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered 1967–1968 Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1967–1970


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States)
The 169th Field Artillery Battalion was a battalion of the Field Artillery Branch of the U.S. Army National Guard.


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States)
The unit's history is primarily that of the 193rd Tank Battalion which served in the Pacific theater during World War II with the 27th Infantry Division, and During the Korean war.


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage
Constituted 1 September 1940 in the National Guard as the 193rd Tank Battalion and partially organized by redesignation of divisional light tank companies from various states as follows;


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage
Organization completed and battalion inducted into Federal service on 20 January 1941 at Fort Benning, Georgia (Headquarters Company organized at Fort Benning from personnel of companies which had been inducted 8 January 1941 at home stations


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage
Battalion allotted, less lettered companies, to the Colorado National Guard 10 May 1946; concurrently the 983rd Field Artillery Battalion was consolidated with the 193rd Tank Battalion,


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage
Battalion reorganized and redesignated 1 November 1949 as the 193rd Heavy Tank Battalion. Battalion ordered into active federal service at Colorado Springs 3 September 1950.


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage
Battalion redesignated 1 December 1952 as the 193rd Tank Battalion.


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Lineage
Battalion broken up 1 February 1959 and elements converted, redesignated or consolidated as follows;


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Decorations
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, streamer embroidered 17 October 1944 to 4 July 1945


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Coat of arms
Per fess indented azure and or, in chief a fleur-de-lis argent, in base a sheathed Roman sword, point to base and a snake coiled to strike vert


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Coat of arms
The crest is that of the Colorado Army National Guard


169th Field Artillery Battalion (United States), Coat of arms
The shield is blue and yellow in reference to early service of the 983rd Field Artillery Battalion as infantry and Cavalry. The fleur-de-lis indicates service in France during World War I while the Roman sword and snake refer to service during the war with Spain, and on the Mexican border respectively. The yellow base of the shield is representative of the plains of eastern Colorado and the indented division of the shield the mountainous portion of the state against the skyline.


169th Field Artillery Brigade
The 169th Field Artillery Brigade (formerly the 169th Fires Brigade) is an artillery brigade in the US Army National Guard. It is part of the Colorado Army National Guard.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
The brigade headquarters was organized on 19 June 1909 as Company M of the 1st Infantry, Colorado National Guard at Denver. The company was transferred to the 2nd Infantry on 19 November, retaining its letter, and on 15 August 1913 returned to the 1st Infantry as Company G. When the National Guard was called up for duty on the Mexican border in 1916, the company was mustered into Federal service on 19 June as Company B of the 1st Colorado Infantry Battalion.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
After the American entry into World War I, the unit was drafted into Federal service on 5 August 1917 and on 24 September became Company B of the 157th Infantry Regiment, part of the 40th Division. It was sent to France with the division but did not see combat as a unit, being used as a depot to provide replacements. The company returned to the United States after the end of the war and was demobilized at Fort D. A. Russell on 29 April 1919.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
When the Colorado National Guard was reestablished postwar, the Denver unit became Headquarters Company of the 2nd Battalion, 157th Infantry and was reorganized and Federally recognized on 26 November 1923. The regiment was assigned to the 45th Division, and on 1 April 1928 the company was reorganized and redesignated as Company B of the regiment. Except for its antitank platoon, the company was reorganized and redesignated as the regimental headquarters company on 1 November 1939. Inducted into Federal service on 16 September 1940, it fought in World War II with the 45th. After the end of the war, the company was inactivated at Camp Bowie on 3 December 1945.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
After the end of the war, the 157th was removed from the 45th on 10 May 1946. The Colorado Army National Guard was revived and on 8 January 1947 the regimental headquarters company was reorganized and Federally recognized. Initially at Buckley Field, it was relocated to Denver on 3 September of that year.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
Due to a reduction of National Guard regimental combat teams, the Colorado National Guard combat units converted to artillery on 1 August 1955, with the regimental headquarters company of the 157th becoming the headquarters and headquarters battery of the 169th Field Artillery Group. The 1st Battalion of the 157th became the 144th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer, Towed), the HHC of the 2nd Battalion, and Companies E, K and L became HHB, Service Battery, and Batteries A and B of the 142nd Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun, Towed), respectively.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
Companies F and H became Batteries A and B, respectively, of the 137th Field Artillery Battalion (Observation), while the HHC of the 3rd Battalion, Company M, the Medical Company, and the Tank Company became Service Battery, HHB, and Batteries C and B of the 183rd Field Artillery Battalion (240mm Howitzer, Towed). Company I and Service Company became Service Battery and Battery B of the 169th Field Artillery Battalion (8-inch Howitzer, Self-Propelled), respectively, and the Heavy Mortar Company became Battery A of the 188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Automatic Weapons) (Self-Propelled).


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
In addition to the 157th, the 199th Engineer Battalion and 193rd Tank Battalion also converted to artillery. The 169th consisted of six field artillery battalions (the 137th, 142nd, 144th, 168th (155mm Gun, Self-Propelled), 169th, and 183rd) and the 188th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, under the command of former 157th Regimental Combat Team commander Colonel Milton Ehrlich. Group executive officer Lieutenant Colonel Felix L. Sparks succeeded Ehrlich in July 1959 when the latter advanced to command of the Colorado Army National Guard.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
The group was redesignated as the 169th Artillery Group on 1 October 1959. The 110-strong group headquarters was ordered into active Federal service on 1 October 1961 as part of the American reaction to the Berlin Crisis of 1961, and sent to Fort Sill. At Fort Sill, the 169th became one of the two artillery group headquarters under the 34th Artillery Brigade in order to provide control for the increased number of artillery battalions at the post. The group headquarters was released from duty in August 1962 after the end of the crisis.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
The group returned to its original artillery designation on 1 March 1972 and its headquarters simultaneously relocated to Aurora. The group was redesignated as the 169th Field Artillery Brigade on 1 May 1978. The brigade headquarters was activated in response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The 101-strong brigade headquarters was mobilized in March 2006 for service in Iraq and returned in July 2007. It was stationed at Camp Speicher and did not suffer casualties during the deployment. The brigade was officially redesignated as the 169th Fires Brigade on 1 September 2008, returning to its previous designation on 16 October 2014.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, History
The brigade was deployed for Operation Inherent Resolve between 13 December 2016 and 11 September 2017,  controlling field artillery battalions of Central Command. The 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard was placed under the operational control of the brigade headquarters in May 2018, remaining under the 55th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade for administrative purposes.


169th Field Artillery Brigade, Current Structure
The 169th Field Artillery Brigade (169th FAB) is headquartered at Buckley Space Force Base, Aurora, Colorado, with units under the Colorado Army National Guard and additional battalions aligned under 169th FAB from Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan:


169th Field Artillery Brigade, Honors
The 169th brigade headquarters is entitled to the following campaign streamers and decorations for the 157th Infantry Regiment, which was awarded one campaign streamer in World War I and eight campaign streamers and one unit decoration in World War II.


169th Fighter Wing
The 169th Fighter Wing (169 FW) is a unit of the South Carolina Air National Guard, stationed at McEntire Joint National Guard Base, Columbia, South Carolina. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.


169th Fighter Wing, Overview
The federal mission of the 169 FW in accordance with Title 10 USC is to maintain wartime readiness and the ability to mobilize and deploy expeditiously to carry out tactical air missions or combat support activities in the event of a war or military emergency. More specifically, the wing specializes in the Suppression and Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD). The SCANG operates as part of the Total Force of the U.S. military and is fully integrated with the active duty U.S. Air Force to perform its military mission.


169th Fighter Wing, Overview
The wing flies the F-16 Fighting Falcon, a single-seat, multipurpose fighter with the ability to fly at up to twice the speed of sound. It is capable of performing air-to-air and air-to-ground tactical missions. The 169th flew the F-16A from 1983 to 1994 and, in 1994, transitioned to the single-seat F-16C Block 52 (and a small number of twin-seat F-16D Block 52), also known as the F-16CJ, the newest, most advanced F-16 in the U.S. Air Force.


169th Fighter Wing, Overview
The SCANG's state mission under Title 32 USC is to respond to the call of the Governor of South Carolina in the event of natural disasters or domestic disturbances within the state of South Carolina.


169th Fighter Wing, Overview
About 900 of the personnel assigned to the SCANG are traditional Guard members who leave their full-time positions as civilian professionals, workers and students to train part-time with the Air National Guard. Approximately another 300 are federal employees serving as full-time Air Reserve Technicians (ART) at McEntire and drill with their respective Air Guard units, primarily those that are part of the 169 FW. Close to 50 South Carolina state employees also work at McEntire, some of whom also either active or retired members of the Air National Guard.


169th Fighter Wing, Overview
An additional 150 active duty USAF personnel who are Regular Air Force and Active Guard and Reserve (AGR) members round out the SCANG's Total Force fighter wing, as McEntire is home to the largest Active Associate program between the Regular Air Force and the Air National Guard in the US's Combat Air Forces.


169th Fighter Wing, History
On 5 September 1957, the South Carolina Air National Guard 157th Fighter-Bomber Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 169th Fighter-Interceptor Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 157th was re-designated as a Fighter-Interceptor squadron and became the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 169th Headquarters, 169th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 169th Combat Support Squadron, and the 169th USAF Dispensary.


169th Fighter Wing, History
Shortly afterwards Air Defense Command upgraded the new 169th FIG to the all-weather/day-night F-86L Sabre Interceptor aircraft, and in 1960, the 157th was one of three selected ANG units to receive F-104A Starfighter Mach-2 interceptors from the ADC active-duty interceptor forces. The  "Swamp Foxes", as a result of the national recognition as one of the best air defense units in the US were chosen to fly the new high-performance jet fighter.


169th Fighter Wing, History
Brigadier General Barnie B. McEntire Jr., the first commander of the South Carolina ANG and its first general officer died 25 May 1961, when he courageously piloted his malfunctioning F-104 fighter jet away from populated areas near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to crash into the Susquehanna River. On 1 October 1961, then-Governor Ernest F. Hollings presided over the ceremony renaming the heroic wing commander's South Carolina installation from Congaree Air Base to McEntire Air National Guard Base.


169th Fighter Wing, History
The 169th FIG was called into active service a second time in November 1961 as the construction of the infamous "Berlin Wall" pushed the world to the brink of war. Within a month after mobilization, 750 personnel and 22 157th FIS F-104 aircraft were in place at Morón Air Base, Spain as the unit took up flying daily air defense patrols as part of the NATO air defense force in Western Europe. With world tension easing, the squadron returned home in August 1962.


169th Fighter Wing, History
In June 1963 the F-104s were transferred back to the active-duty Air Force and sent to Homestead AFB, Florida, where Air Defense Command was setting up a permanent presence after the Cuban Missile Crisis where the Starfighters would be better located for Air Defense against Soviet MiG fighters that were flown by the Cuban Air Force. The South Carolina ANG was re-equipped with the F-102A Delta Dagger, which was being replaced in the active duty interceptor force by the F-106. The Mach-2 "Deuce", still a very potent interceptor, served with the 169th FIG until April 1975, when Aerospace Defense Command was reducing the USAF interceptor force as the threat of Soviet Bombers attacking the United States was deemed remote.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
With the phase-down of continental air defenses in the 1970s, the 169th was transferred to Tactical Air Command (TAC), and was re-designated a Tactical Fighter Group. The 157th Tactical Fighter Squadron began to receive A-7D Corsair II subsonic tactical close air support aircraft from Tactical Air Command units that were preparing to receive the new A-10 Thunderbolt II. Receiving its aircraft from the 354th TFW at Myrtle Beach AFB and the 355th TFW at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. The aircraft had excellent accuracy with the aid of an automatic electronic navigation and weapons delivery system. Although designed primarily as a ground attack aircraft, it also had limited air-to-air combat capability. In 1982, the 157th received new twin-seat A-7K trainers.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
In the early 1980s, the South Carolina congressional delegation in Congress, led by Senators Strom Thurmond and Ernest Hollings, pressured the Department of Defense to upgrade Army and Air National Guard units with front line equipment to better supplement the Active Duty forces as part of the "Total Force" concept. Specifically, Thurmond and Hollings wanted the Air Force to equip the South Carolina ANG with the new F-16 Fighting Falcon, which was, as the time, just being introduced into the active duty force of Tactical Air Command.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
Beginning in July 1983, some of the initial Block 1 and Block 5 F-16As were transferred to the 169th Tactical Fighter Group, being the first Air National Guard unit to receive the aircraft. Its A-7Ds were subsequently reassigned to other Air National Guard units. Later, Block 10 F-16A/B were delivered by the Air Force to the 157th TFS. By the mid-eighties, all the F-16s received by the 169th had undergone Pacer Loft modification bringing them up to the same block 10 standards.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
With the equipment change to the F-16, the 169th was assigned to the air defense mission again under Air Defense, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC), which was established when TAC assumed the Aerospace Defense Command mission in 1979. In addition, although the F-16s weren't adapted to perform in the tactical close air support mission that the A-7D was utilized for, the 157th TFS did practice the conventional attack role with Mark 82 (Mk 82) and Mark 84 (Mk 84) gliding bombs. The quality of the pilots and ammunition/maintenance crews of the 157th TFS was demonstrated during Gunsmoke '89 held at Nellis AFB from 1–14 October. The 157th TFS took first place out of 15 other teams.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
In December 1990, during the buildup for war during Operation Desert Shield, the 157th was federalized for the third time and was deployed to Prince Sultan Air Base, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia just a year and a half after taking first place at Gunsmoke '89. The 157th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Provisional) flew a total of 1,729 combat sorties during Operation Desert Storm. A total mission rate of over 90% was achieved, which was quite a remarkable feat.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Post Cold War era
Early in the 1990s with the declared end of the Cold War and the continued decline in military budgets, the Air Force restructured to meet changes in strategic requirements, decreasing personnel, and a smaller infrastructure. The 169th adopted the new USAF "Objective Organization" in early 1992, with the word "tactical" being eliminated from its designation and becoming the 169th Fighter Group. Tactical Air Command was inactivated on 1 June, being replaced by the new Air Combat Command (ACC).


169th Fighter Wing, History, Post Cold War era
In 1995, the 157th Fighter Squadron became the recipient of brand-new Block 52 F-16C/D Fighting Falcons coming straight from the Lockheed facility at Fort Worth, Texas. The 162d Fighter Group becoming the first Air National Guard unit to receive these state-of-the-art aircraft. The mission profile of the unit changed in the way that they became a multi-role squadron being able to perform all kind of missions. More specifically they also received the HARM Targeting System being able to fly anti-radar sorties with the AGM-88 anti-radar missile.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Post Cold War era
The main mission profile of the squadron, therefore, changed to that of Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD). The 157th Fighter Squadron continues to fly the SEAD mission today. Also, on 11 October 1995 ACC and the National Guard Board authorized expanding the status of the 169th to the Wing level, and the 157th Fighter Squadron became part of the new 169th Operations Group under the new 169th Fighter Wing.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Post Cold War era
In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Post Cold War era
In February 1997, the 157th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron (157 EFS) was first formed from 162d FW personnel and aircraft and deployed to Doha International Airport, Qatar, to join with other active-duty and national guard squadrons as part of Operation Southern Watch. This mission was initiated mainly to cover for attacks of Iraqi forces on the Iraqi Shi’ite Muslims. This made the 169th the first Air National Guard unit to deploy alongside active-duty Air Force units to comprise an Air Expeditionary Force (AEF).


169th Fighter Wing, History, Post Cold War era
The 157th EFS was activated again in January 2000 as a component of Operation Northern Watch; a United States European Command Combined Task Force (CTF) who was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq. This mission was a successor to Operation Provide Comfort, which also entailed support for the Iraqi Kurds. The deployment was completed in April 2000. The 157th EFS was formed again in March 2001, when the unit deployed to Prince Sultan AB, Saudi Arabia in a second Operation Southern Watch deployment. The guardsmen returned to McIntire JGB in July.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In 2002, aircraft and personnel from the 169th deployed to Southwest Asia in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and participated directly in combat operations. Also that year, 50 South Carolina ANG airmen, then assigned to the 240th Combat Communications Squadron, deployed to Central Asia for six months in support of the Global War on Terrorism, and the 245th ATCS deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In 2003, nearly 400 Airmen from the 169th and all its F-16s were mobilized and deployed to Southwest Asia as part of what became Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). The 169th was attached to the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing, stationed Al' Udied Air Base in Qatar, and flew more than 400 combat missions (performing the Suppression and Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses mission and flying numerous precision bombing missions over Iraq.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In 2005, the Base Realignment and Closure Commission announced a historic expansion at McEntire. Five more Block 52 F-16s from the active duty USAF would arrive at the base in 2006 and five more the following year. Then, in 2007, active duty Air Force personnel began arriving at McEntire as the base prepared to host and operate the largest Active Association unit in the US's Combat Air Forces, bringing about 150 active duty personnel on board to work, train and deploy with the 169th.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In May 2010, the 169th became the first Air National Guard unit to support an AEF mission for a full 120 days. While simultaneously deploying Airmen for Operation Enduring Freedom, the wing deployed more than 300 Airmen in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, during which the 169th flew more than 800 combat air patrol missions over Iraq from Balad AB and other locations. The unprecedented deployment also allowed the 169th team to escort the last Army combat forces out of Iraq on the last day of OEF.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Starting in October 2010 the 157th FS began an Air Sovereignty Alert mission at nearby Shaw AFB. The squadron has gradually taken over the duties of the 20th Fighter Wing. On 6 May 2011, the squadron completely took over the role when a new alert facility was built at McEntire Joint National Guard base.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Most recently, in April 2012, the 157th EFS was formed and deployed with pilots, maintenance specialists and support staffers. They provided air support to ground units from Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan. Pilots flew more than 2,200 sorties for a total of 9,400 combat hours. The four-month deployment ended in late August.


169th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Although not confirmed it has been discussed that the 157th Fighter Squadron will likely be re-equipped with the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II early in its roll-out to active-duty USAF units as the South Carolina ANG has a history of receiving the newest equipment when it becomes available.


169th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 169th Infantry Division (German: 169. Infanterie-Division) was a German military unit during World War II.


169th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
The division was formed in 1939. It took part in Operation Fall Gelb and stayed in France until being transferred to Finnish Lapland in 1941. The division was part of the German XXXVI Corps which also included SS Division Nord and the Finnish 6th Division. On 1 July the corps began its attack which was aimed at Kandalaksha on the White Sea coast. The division crossed the Finnish-Soviet Border just north of Salla. During the heavy fighting against the Soviet 122nd Division the SS Division Nord broke and fled. On 8 July the 169th occupied Salla. With the help of the Finnish 6th Division the Soviets were pushed back beyond the pre-Winter War borders.


169th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
In September the division had advanced to the River Verman (Vermanjoki), here the offensive finally stalled. During autumn 1941 AOK Norwegen decided to shifts its attack to the area held by the Finnish 3rd Division. The 169th Division stayed in the area around Salla until the beginning of hostilities between Finland and Germany in 1944. During 1944 the division withdrew back to Norway, then was transferred to Germany where it fought out the final few weeks of the war.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 169th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army, Connecticut National Guard. They trace their ancestry back to when militia units in the Connecticut colony organized for drill in 1672, but their official organization as the 1st Connecticut occurred on 11 October 1739. Since then, the 169th and its predecessor units have fought in numerous American wars until its deactivation in 1992.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Early history
The 169th Infantry Regiment traces its heritage back to when militia units in Hartford County, Connecticut organized into the Regiment of Hartford County in 1672. The militia regiment did much to keep the peace with the nearby Pequot Indians, and on 11 October 1739, the militia was organized into the First Connecticut Regiment, the officially recognized birthday of the 169th Infantry. During the French and Indian War, the 1st Connecticut was called up on 7–8 August 1757 for a period of two weeks to man fortifications. Volunteers from Hartford, Simsbury, and Windsor were enlisted, and it is unknown whether these militiamen saw action in combat.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, American Revolutionary War
In the summer of 1776, General George Washington called upon the state militias to meet the British Empire's suspected attack on New York. The 1st Regiment of the Connecticut militia responded, and they reported for duty on 11 August 1776. The militia troops were hastily assembled, poorly armed, meagerly paid, thus discipline and morale was low. On 15 September 1776, they were attacked by the British Army and retreated in the face of superior firepower. The 1st


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, American Revolutionary War
Connecticut militia was ordered to reinforce General Horatio Gates at Saratoga in the fall of 1777 and served under the command of General Enoch Poor. The Connecticuters fought heavily at the Battle of Freeman's Farm on 19 September 1777, and at the Battle of Bemis Heights on 7 October. At Bemis Heights, they lost more men than any other regiment engaged, and General Gates referred to them as the "excellent militia regiment from Connecticut.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War of 1812
On 28 April 1812, Governor Roger Griswold ordered the mobilization of 3,000 militiamen to repel any British invasion during the War of 1812. The 1st Regiment consisted of 121 officers and men and began their service on 7 June 1813 when they marched to New London. On 28 July 1814, the Connecticut militia deployed along the coast from Stonington to Greenwich to deter an enemy invasion. The 1st contributed 522 officers and men for the task, and were relieved on 27 October 1814.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, American Civil War and Spanish–American War
On 15 April 1861, President Abraham Lincoln issued a call for volunteers after the fall of Fort Sumter, and the 1st Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Regiment was mustered in on 22–23 April. A Company was designated as a "Rifle Company," and B and C Companies were designated as "Infantry Companies. The regiment arrived at Washington D.C. on 13 May, and camped at Glenwood, 2 miles to the north of the capitol. On 1 June, the 1st


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, American Civil War and Spanish–American War
Connecticut relieved the 12th New York Volunteer Infantry and engaged in their first engagement of the Civil War at Vienna, Virginia, where they were ambushed by Confederate troops, and PVT George H. Bugbee of A Company was wounded; the regiment's first casualty of the war. The regiment fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on 21 July, where they engaged in constant activity against the enemy, and repelled infantry and cavalry attacks from 1,000–1,600. The 1st Connecticut remained in Washington until 27 July, and were mustered out in New Haven, Connecticut on 31 July 1861 when their period of enlistment expired. Parts of the regiment remained in service with the 4th Connecticut Infantry Regiment and the 7th Connecticut Infantry Regiment.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, American Civil War and Spanish–American War
The 1st Connecticut Infantry was recalled to federal service on 26 April 1898 for duty in the Spanish–American War. They were destined to invade the island of Puerto Rico, but they never saw active service and were mustered out on 31 October 1898.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Mexican border
The 1st Connecticut was called up on 18 June 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson, and the 1,100 officers and men of the regiment assembled at Camp Holcomb in Niantic and departed for the Mexico–United States border, arriving in El Paso, Texas on 2 July. On 7 July, the Connecticuters began patrolling near Nogales, Arizona. For 13 weeks, the regiment patrolled the border and encountered slight enemy resistance during their time there but suffered no casualties. They continued their training at Fort Huachuca on 24 August before returning to Nogales in September and continuing patrols in conjunction with the 2nd Connecticut, soon to be the 102nd Infantry Regiment.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War I and Organization
When the United States began their involvement in First World War, the 1st Connecticut donated many men to the newly formed 102nd Infantry Regiment, but the new US infantry regiment claimed its heritage from the 2nd Connecticut Infantry Regiment. Once the Great War had ended and the Connecticut soldiers returned home in April 1919, Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1920, and the 169th Infantry regiment was officially born. From 23 December 1920 to 23 June 1923, the new 169th Infantry expanded until it possessed 15 company sized units, a medical detachment, a band, and three Headquarters detachments.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War I and Organization
A and D Companies were recruited from Meriden, B Company was recruited from Middletown, and C Company was recruited from Bristol. E, F, G, and H Companies were all recruited from Hartford. I and M Companies hailed from New Britain, K Company came from Manchester, and L Company was recruited from Willimantic.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The 169th Infantry Regiment was ordered to mobilize on 24 February 1941 and join the 43rd Infantry Division, the "Winged Victory" Division. The regiment moved to Camp Blanding, Florida and upon induction, consisted of 132 officers and 1,825 enlisted men. Under the command of COL Kenneth F. Cramer, the 169th trained hard for 13 weeks, and from 17–28 June, the regiment received 950 draftees to fill their ranks. The 169th trained in the states of Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina until 4 December. At this time, the count was 90 officers, 1 warrant officer, and 2,219 enlisted men.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 marked the entry of the United States in the Second World War. On 11 December 1941, 22 officers and 700 enlisted men of the 169th were transferred to the 102nd Regiment, who were detached from the 43rd Infantry Division. At Camp Shelby, Mississippi, the 169th received 900 new recruits on 21 February 1942 and began training them right away. Another 900 raw recruits were received on 22 May 1942. On 30 September 1942, the 169th Infantry Regiment left San Francisco, California and sailed to New Zealand with a total strength of 139 officers, 5 warrant officers, and 3,138 enlisted men.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The regiment arrived in New Zealand on 22 October, and engaged in intensive training on the island until 22 November 1942. On 28 November, the 169th arrived in Nouméa, New Caledonia and garrisoned the island while conducting intensive jungle warfare training, loading and unloading ships, and guarding Japanese prisoners of war. The 169th embarked for Guadalcanal on 15 February 1943, and two days into the voyage, the convoy was attacked by Japanese torpedo planes.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II
Aboard the USS President Hayes, CPL John E. A. Gagnon, of H Company, 169th Infantry, managed to shoot down an enemy plane with a .50 caliber machine-gun. On 18 February, the convoy docked at Guadalcanal and bivouacked on the island. On 23–24 February, the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 169th made an amphibious assault on the island of Pavuvu in the Russell Islands against no resistance. The regiment's first casualties came during their occupation of Pavuvu when Japanese planes strafed their positions. 3rd Battalion arrived on Pavuvu on 27 March. For the next few months, the 169th conducted jungle warfare training on the island and honed their battle skills before their next assignment.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, New Georgia
Operation "Toenails," or the Invasion of New Georgia, would be the next mission the 169th would undertake. As a part of the 43rd Infantry Division operation, the Regiment seized Rendova Island against minimal opposition on 30 June. Elements of the 169th soon landed on the southern coast of New Georgia on 2 July and began to march alongside the 172nd Infantry Regiment toward Munda Point to capture the Munda Airfield there. The men of the regiment "were soon introduced to the harsh realities of jungle warfare."


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, New Georgia
The main attack was scheduled to begin on 9 July 1943, but the 169th (unaccustomed to combat) was exhausted after spending a sleepless night shooting at real and imagined enemy patrols. The drive resumed on 11 July, but was completely stalled by combat casualties, fatigue, jungle diseases, and continuous rain. Static warfare in the dense jungle made the drive on Munda Point bitter and frustrating for the men of the 169th.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, New Georgia
By 17 July, the main line of Japanese resistance had not been reached, but the regiment had already suffered 90 men killed and 600 men wounded along with many psychoneurotic casualties. By on 18 July, the Japanese attempted to drive the 1st Battalion (1-169) off of "Kelley Hill," but the Connecticuters killed 102 of their enemy and drove them back. After heavy fighting along the line, the airfield was finally captured after heavy loss on 5 August 1943. From 6–10 August, the beleaguered regiment guarded Munda Airfield and were subjected to minor enemy air attacks. 3rd


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, New Georgia
Battalion (3-169) was ordered to seize the island of Baanga northwest west of Munda Point and met heavy resistance and elements were soon pinned down on the beaches and in the dense jungle. 2-169 landed on Baanga to reinforce the attack, but the Japanese resistance on the islands was much stronger than anticipated and the advance made slow, if any, progress. On 20 August they were relieved by elements of the 172nd Infantry Regiment. This "non-battle" on Baanga had cost the Americans 44 dead and 74 wounded; L Company was reduced to just 16 men.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, New Georgia
From 25 August to 9 September, the regiment patrolled and guarded Munda Airfield until they were ordered to assist the 172nd Infantry in clearing Arundel Island which they managed to secure on 21 August. Here they suffered 4 killed and 29 wounded. The regiment moved back to Munda, and defended the airstrip until 19 January 1944, when 3-169 was ordered to Vella Lavella to defend the airstrip there. The regiment then arrived in New Zealand for R&R on 1 March. The men had free time, furloughs, awards ceremonies, training exercises, and parades while in New Zealand.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, New Guinea
The 169th Infantry Regiment arrived at Aitape, New Guinea on 17 July 1944, to reinforce General Walter Krueger's Sixth Army. The regiment was ordered to construct defensive lines in the area to support the 32nd Infantry Division already fighting in the area. Japanese patrols constantly harassed the men, and they launched a counterattack on 22 July. The 169th threw this charge back and inflicted 274 deaths on the enemy. Patrolling and encountering the enemy was commonplace in the Aitape region, and the men experienced hard fighting along the Drinuimor River and nearby ridges on 31 July. Hard fighting in the hills, jungles, and villages near Aitape continued until long after the area was officially declared secure on 25 August 1944. The regiment conducted continuous training after being relieved by the Australian 6th Division until 10 December 1944, when the regiment loaded up and headed for Luzon.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Luzon
During the Battle of Luzon, the 169th was in charge of the left flank of the 43rd Infantry Division's advance. 2-169 landed near San Fabian on 9 January 1945 in Lingayen Gulf and advanced quickly inland. 1-169 and 3-169 followed shortly after and pressed the attack. The hills and rugged countryside of Luzon proved to be very difficult ground, and tenacious Japanese defenders made the drive painful. On 12 January, SSG Robert E. Laws (G Company, 2-169) earned the Medal of Honor for his actions while attacking an enemy controlled ridge.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Luzon
Neutralizing enemy pillboxes with grenades, he managed to knock it out despite being wounded. Leading a charge, he was wounded again and killed three Japanese soldiers in close combat. He was given first aid and evacuated from the area while his squad completed the destruction of the enemy position. SSG Laws' heroic actions provided great inspiration to his comrades, and his courageous determination, in the face of formidable odds and while suffering from multiple wounds, enabled them to secure an important objective with minimum casualties.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Luzon
The 169th attacked numerous enemy positions, including the deadly Hill 355, and suffered many casualties, but eventually managed to take ground from the stalwart defenders. During the period of 15–21 January 1945, all three infantry battalions of the 169th Regiment earned the Distinguished Unit Citation award for their gallantry in action amid the rugged hills of Luzon. On 1–2 February, the regiment repulsed tenacious enemy Banzai charges and managed to capture the imposing Hill 1500 on 5 February, and were relieved on 14 February by elements of the 33rd Infantry Division and enjoyed some R&R behind the lines. In the early stages of the Battle of Luzon, the 169th lost 17 officers and 248 enlisted men KIA, and 45 officers and 789 enlisted men WIA. They had managed to inflict (by actual count) 2,786 Japanese dead.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Luzon
On 1 March, the 169th relieved elements of the 40th Infantry Division near Clark Field and Fort Stotsenburg. The regiment was ordered to attack Hill 1750, but were thwarted by strong Japanese resistance until 6 March. The men then captured a nearby hill, Bald Hill, and held it against several enemy counterattacks on 9–10 March. During this period, the 169th Infantry Regiment was under the command of the 38th Infantry Division, and were returned to 43rd Divisional control on 24 March. On 3 April, they were attached to the 112th Cavalry Regiment to conduct reconnaissance against the formidable Shimbu Line.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Luzon
These recon patrols were costly, but they managed to contain the enemy in the area. On 1 May, they were returned to the 43rd Infantry Division. They then attacked the enemy in the vicinity of the Ipo Dam, which controlled roughly 30% of Manila's water supply. The dam was secured on 19 May, but resistance continued in the area until 2 June 1945. In this particular fight, the 169th suffered 60 KIA, 285 WIA, and 2 MIA, while the 43rd Infantry Division as a whole killed over 750 enemy combatants. On 5 June, the 169th relieved the 151st Infantry Regiment near Mount Oro. Nearby hills and ridges were secured against heavy enemy resistance, and the 169th continued to slog on through the island against determined defenders until 28 June 1945, when the 43rd Division was relieved by the 38th Division.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Occupation of Japan
The 169th soon found themselves as part of the US Occupation of Japan, garrisoning Kumagaya Airdrome from 14 September – 12 October. They set sail for San Francisco separately, and the last men to return home passed under the Golden Gate Bridge on 29 October 1945 to a cheering crowd. During the war, all three battalions of the 169th earned the Distinguished Unit Citation, and the Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation. On 1 November 1945, the regiment was inactivated.


169th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Post-World War II
It was reactivated on 23 October 1946 to serve the Connecticut National Guard in Hartford, CT. During the Korean War, the 169th was called up for service to train in the event the war escalated. The regiment trained at Camp Pickett and Camp A. P. Hill, Virginia from October 1950 to October 1951 filling to full establishment before deployment by ship to Germany to prevent possible Soviet attack. The regiment was garrisoned first around Munich then around Nurnburg. It returned to Connecticut in 1954 continuing to serve the state of Connecticut until 1992, when the last remnants of the 169th Infantry Regiment were inactivated.


169th Military Police Company
The 169th Military Police Company is an independent company of military police of the Rhode Island National Guard. It is a subordinate unit of the 118th Military Police Battalion and the 43rd Military Police Brigade. It is the oldest unit of the Rhode Island National Guard and one of the oldest units in the United States Army, and is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots.


169th Military Police Company, History, Predecessor units
The 169th Military Police Company traces its lineage to January 1755 as the Artillery Company of Westerly and Charlestown. As such, it is one of the few units of the U.S. Army and Army National Guard which can trace its lineage to before the American Revolution.


169th Military Police Company, History, Predecessor units
The company was redesignated in May 1758 as the Artillery Company of Westerly, Charlestown, and Hopkinton. It served in the American Revolution as part of the Rhode Island State Troops which were formed to protect the mainland of Rhode Island following the British occupation of Newport in late 1776.


169th Military Police Company, History, Predecessor units
From 1762 to 1776 the company was commanded by Captain Joseph Stanton Jr.  During the American Revolution Stanton commanded a state regiment (a unit mobilized for in state service, as opposed to a regiment of the Continental Army) and later rose to become the commander of the Rhode Island Militia with the rank of major general. Following the ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island in 1790, Stanton was elected as a United States Senator and later served as a United States Representative from Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, History, Predecessor units
During the American Revolution, the Artillery Company of Westerly and Charlestown most probably formed one of the artillery companies of the Rhode Island state brigade which defended the mainland of Rhode Island from the British who occupied Newport from 1776 to 1779.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
In October 1812 the company was redesignated as the Washington Guards, a company of the 3d Regiment of the Rhode Island Militia. The company was mustered into Federal service on 25 July 1814 as Captain Coe's Company, Wood's State Corps, at Fort Adams. Wood's State Corps was a battalion of militiamen called into service to supplement the state's defenses following the capture of Castine, Maine earlier in the year. Following the cessation of hostilities, the company was mustered out of Federal service 23 on February 1815 at Fort Adams.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
The company was redesignated on 13 August 1855 as the Westerly Rifle Company.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
Under different designations, the 169th MP Company was mobilized for service in the Civil War, Spanish–American War, Korean War, World War I and World War II.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
While remaining in state service for most of the Civil War, the Westerly Rifle Company was federalized twice:


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
Company I, First Rhode Island Detached Militia, mustered into Federal service on 2 May 1861 at Providence and mustered out of Federal service 2 August 1861 at Providence. The regiment fought at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
Company B, 9th Rhode Island Infantry Regiment mustered into Federal service 26 May 1862 at Providence. The company served at Fort Meigs in the defenses of Washington, D.C. and was mustered out of Federal service 2 September 1862 at Providence.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
The company expanded in January 1873 to form the Battalion of the Westerly Rifles. It was redesignated on 1 May 1875 as Companies A and B, 3d Battalion of Infantry and again redesignated on 16 November 1881 as Companies F and E, 1st Battalion of Infantry, respectively.


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
Companies F and E, 1st Regiment of Infantry were consolidated on 6 April 1895 to form Company E, 1st Regiment of Infantry of the Brigade of Rhode Island Militia (BRIM).


169th Military Police Company, History, 19th century
Company E, 1st Regiment of Infantry, was activated as Company K, 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry which was mustered into Federal service 18 May 1898 at Quonset Point for service in the Spanish–American War. The company, with its regiment, served stateside for the next 10 months, and was mustered out of Federal service 30 March 1899 at Columbia, South Carolina.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
In 1907 the company was converted from Infantry to Coast Artillery. It was mobilized for service at coast defense fortifications in Rhode Island during both world wars.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
On 15 April 1907, the Brigade of Rhode Island Militia was redesignated as the Rhode Island National Guard. The company was converted and redesignated on 4 November 1908 as the 5th Company, 1st Artillery District, Coast Artillery Corps.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
The company was redesignated on 2 January 1917 as the 5th Company, Rhode Island Coast Artillery. With the United States' declaration of war against Germany, the company was mustered into Federal service on 2 April 1917 at Westerly and drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917. The company was stationed at Fort Getty in Jamestown, Rhode Island and was redesignated on 31 August 1917 as the 19th Company, Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay. Following the signing of the Armistice on November 11, 1918, the company was demobilized on 20 December 1918 at Fort Getty.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
The company was reconstituted 28 May 1921 in the Rhode Island National Guard as the 5th Company, Coast Artillery Corps and was reorganized and Federally recognized 3 June 1921 at Westerly. On 1 October 1923 the company was redesignated as Battery E, 243d Artillery (Coast Artillery Corps).


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
When is became clear the United States would become involved in World War II the company was inducted into Federal service 16 September 1940 at Westerly and was assigned to Fort Wetherill in Jamestown as part of the Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay. It was reorganized and redesignated 7 October 1944 as Battery A, 189th Coast Artillery Battalion and was inactivated on 1 April 1945 at Fort Wetherill, Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
With the reorganization of the Rhode Island National Guard following World War II, the company was redesignated on 2 July 1946 as Battery D, 705th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion and was federally recognized 23 April 1947.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
During the Korean War the company was ordered into active Federal service 14 August 1950 at Westerly. Along with the 705th AAA Battalion it served on Okinawa as an Air Defense unit. It was released from active Federal service 13 July 1952 and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
The company was redesignated on 1 October 1953 as Battery D, 705th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. It was redesignated again on 1 April 1959 as Battery D, 1st Automatic Weapons Battalion, 243d Artillery.


169th Military Police Company, History, 20th century
The company was converted and redesignated on 1 May 1962 as Company C, 243d Engineer Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
The company had been redesignated a number of times over the past two centuries, and finally assumed its current designation as the 169th Military Police Company in 1968 and assigned as a subordinate unit of the 243rd Military Police Battalion and the newly formed 43rd Military Police Brigade. The primary reason for the unit being designated as a Military Police unit was the high levels of civil unrest which swept the country in the late 1960s. National Guard troops were frequently called upon to quell riots and Military Police units were given specialized training for that mission.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
In 1978 the 169th, along with the entirety of the Rhode Island National Guard, was mobilized in response to the Great Blizzard of 1978.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
In 1990 the 1111th Military Police Company was re-designated as Detachment 1, 169th Military Police Company. Detachment 1 continued to drill at the 1111th MP Company's armory in Middletown, Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
During Operation Desert Storm, in late 1990 to early 1991, personnel from the 169th were used to fill out units of the Rhode Island National Guard deployed during that operation.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
In 1995, the unit moved from its long time home at the Westerly Armory in Westerly, Rhode Island to the Warren Armory in Warren, Rhode Island. Detachment 1 (see above) was fully integrated with the main body of the company at this time. In 1996 the 243rd Military Police Battalion was disbanded and the 169th was transferred to the 118th Military Police Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
In 2003 a 30 soldier detachment of the 169th was mobilized and sent to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to perform security duties. They were demobilized in 2004. Other personnel from the 169th were mobilized to fill vacancies in the 115th and 119th Military Police companies when they were mobilized for service in Operation Iraqi Freedom early in 2003.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
The 169th MP Company was mobilized for service in Iraq in 2007 to 2008. In this assignment it was attached to the 2nd Marine Division and received the Navy Unit Commendation, a rare distinction for an Army unit.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
In 2008 the 119th Military Police Company was deactivated and consolidated with the 169th Military Police Company. While a younger unit, the 119th MP Company had been mobilized for service in Operation Desert Storm in 1990 to 1991, Operation Joint Forge in Hungary and Bosnia in 2000 to 2001 and for service in Iraq in 2003 to 2004. The result of the consolidation is that the 169th shares the lineage of both itself and the 119th MP Company as well as the 1111th MP Company which it merged with in 1990.


169th Military Police Company, History, Military police company
In August 2012 the 169th was mobilized for deployment to Afghanistan. The unit returned home and was demobilized in September 2013.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage
(The information below was taken from the website of the US Army Center for Military History and is in the public domain.)


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Organized and chartered in January 1755 in the Rhode Island Militia at Westerly as the Artillery Company of Westerly and Charlestown.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated in May 1758 as the Artillery Company of Westerly, Charlestown, and Hopkinton.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated in October 1812 as the Washington Guards, a company of the 3d Regiment.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Mustered into Federal service 25 July 1814 as Captain Coe's Company, Wood's State Corps, at Fort Adams, Rhode Island; mustered out of Federal service 23 February 1815 at Fort Adams, Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 13 August 1855 as the Westerly Rifle Company, a separate company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
While remaining in state service during the Civil War, the Westerly Rifle Company additionally formed the following units:


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Company I, 1st Rhode Island Detached Militia, mustered into Federal service 2 May 1861 at Providence and fought at the Battle of Bull Run; mustered out of Federal service 2 August 1861 at Providence.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Company B, 9th Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry Regiment mustered into Federal service 26 May 1862 at Providence for duty in the defenses of Washington, D.C.; mustered out of Federal service 2 September 1862 at Providence.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Expanded in January 1873 to form the Battalion of the Westerly Rifles.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 1 May 1875 as Companies A and B, 3d Battalion of Infantry.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 16 November 1881 as Companies F and E, 1st Battalion of Infantry, respectively.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 1 June 1887 as Companies F and E, 1st Regiment of Infantry, respectively (Rhode Island Militia concurrently redesignated as the Brigade of Rhode Island Militia).


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Companies F and E, 1st Regiment of Infantry, consolidated 6 April 1895 to form Company E, 1st Regiment of Infantry.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
While remaining in state service Company E, 1st Regiment of Infantry, additionally formed Company K, 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry; mustered into Federal service 18 May 1898 at Quonset Point for service in the Spanish–American War. The regiment served in Virginia, Pennsylvania and South Carolina and mustered out of Federal service 30 March 1899 at Columbia, South Carolina.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
(The Brigade of Rhode Island Militia was redesignated on 15 April 1907 as the Rhode Island National Guard.)


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Converted and redesignated 4 November 1908 as the 5th Company, 1st Artillery District, Coast Artillery Corps.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 3 September 1914 as the 5th Company, 1st Coast Defense Command, Coast Artillery Corps.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 18 December 1914 as the 5th Company, 1st Coast Artillery District, Coast Artillery Corps.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 2 January 1917 as the 5th Company, Rhode Island Coast Artillery.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Mustered into Federal service 2 April 1917 at Westerly; drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917 for service with the Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 31 August 1917 as the 19th Company, Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reconstituted 28 May 1921 in the Rhode Island National Guard as the 5th Company, Coast Artillery Corps.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reorganized and redesignated 31 January 1922 as the 349th Company, Coast Artillery Corps.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reorganized and redesignated 1 October 1923 as Battery E, 243d Artillery (Coast Artillery Corps).


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reorganized and redesignated 11 July 1924 as Battery E, 243d Coast Artillery.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reorganized and redesignated 7 October 1944 as Battery A, 189th Coast Artillery Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Redesignated 2 July 1946 as Battery D, 705th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Ordered into active Federal service 14 August 1950 at Westerly; released from active Federal service 13 July 1952 and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reorganized and redesignated 1 October 1953 as Battery D, 705th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1959 as Battery D, 1st Automatic Weapons Battalion, 243d Artillery


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Converted and redesignated 1 May 1962 as Company C, 243d Engineer Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Converted and redesignated 1 January 1968 as the 169th Military Police Company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Consolidated 20 April 1995 with Detachment 1, 169th Military Police Company at Middletown (see ANNEX 1) and consolidated unit designated as the 169th Military Police Company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Ordered into active Federal service 3 August 2003 at Warren for duty at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in support of Operation Enduring Freedom; released from active Federal service 1 August 2004 and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Ordered into active Federal service 1 July 2007 at Warren for duty in Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom; released from active Federal service 3 August 2008 and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Consolidated 15 November 2008 with the 119th Military Police Company (see ANNEX 2), and consolidated unit designated as the 169th Military Police Company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, 169th Military Police Company
Ordered into active Federal service 7 August 2012 at Warren for duty in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom; released from active Federal service 10 September 2013 and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Organized and Federally recognized 7 May 1929 in the Rhode Island National Guard at Newport as Company F, 118th Engineers, an element of the 43d Division.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 19 February 1942 as Company F, 177th Engineers; concurrently, relieved from assignment to the 43d Division.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 1 August 1942 as Company F, 177th Engineer General Service Regiment.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reconstituted 8 May 1945 in the Rhode Island National Guard.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Converted and redesignated 2 July 1946 as Battery B, Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 1 August 1951 as Battery B, 243d Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Redesignated 1 October 1953 as Battery B, 243d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 1 October 1958 as Battery A, 705th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1959 as Battery A, 1st Automatic Weapons Battalion, 243d Artillery.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Converted and redesignated 1 May 1962 as Company A, 243d Engineer Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Converted and redesignated 1 February 1968 as Company A, 118th Military Police Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 1 March 1972 as the 1111th Military Police Company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 1
Reorganized and redesignated 1 July 1990 as Detachment 1, 169th Military Police Company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Constituted 1 March 1949 in the Rhode Island Army National Guard as Company D, 118th Engineer Combat Battalion, an element of the 43d Infantry Division.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Organized and Federally recognized 20 April 1949 at Warren, Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Ordered into Federal service 5 September 1950 at Warren, Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
(Company D, 118th Engineer Combat Battalion [NGUS] organized and Federally recognized 15 October 1952 at Warren; reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1953 as Company D, 118th Engineer Battalion [NGUS]).


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Reorganized and redesignated 5 June 1953 as Company D, 118th Engineer Battalion.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Released 15 June 1954 from active Federal service and reverted to state control; concurrently, Federal recognition withdrawn from Company D, 118th Engineer Battalion (NGUS).


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Consolidated 18 March 1963 with Company E, 118th Engineer Battalion (organized and Federally recognized 1 April 1959 at Providence) and consolidated unit redesignated as Company C, 118th Engineer Battalion; concurrently, relieved from assignment to the 43d Infantry Division.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Converted and redesignated 1 May 1968 as Company C, 118th Military Police Battalion; location concurrently changed to Providence, Rhode Island.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Reorganized and redesignated 1 March 1972 as the 119th Military Police Company.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Ordered into Federal service 6 January 1991 at Warwick for duty in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in support of Operation Desert Storm; released 6 May 1991 from active Federal service and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Ordered into Federal service 3 August 2000 at Warwick for duty in Hungary in support of Operation Joint Forge; released 11 April 2001 from active Federal service and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Ordered into Federal service 7 February 2003 at Warwick for duty in Kuwait and Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom; released 1 June 2004 from active Federal service and reverted to state control.


169th Military Police Company, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Consolidated 15 November 2008 with the 169th Military Police Company.


169th New York Infantry Regiment
The 169th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 169th New York Infantry was organized at Troy and Staten Island, New York. Companies A through E were mustered on September 25, 1862, at Troy. Companies F through K were mustered in October 6, 1862, at Staten Island. The regiment was mustered in under the command of Colonel Clarence Buell.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Provisional Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, Defenses of Washington, to February 1863. Military District of Washington, XXII Corps, Department of Washington, to April 1863. Foster's Brigade, Division at Suffolk, VII Corps, Department of Virginia, to April 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, VII Corps, to July 1863. Foster's Brigade, Vodges' Division, Folly Island, South Carolina, X Corps, Department of the South, to January 1864. 1st Brigade, Folly Island, Northern District, Department of the South, to February 1864. 1st Brigade, Vodges' Division, District of Florida, to April 1864.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, X Corps, Army of the James, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to May 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XVIII Corps, to June 1864. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, X Corps, to December 1864. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIV Corps, to January 1865. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, Terry's Provisional Corps, Department of North Carolina, to March 1865. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, X Corps, Army of the Ohio, Department of North Carolina, to July 1865.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 169th New York Infantry mustered out of service July 19, 1865, at Raleigh, North Carolina.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Washington, D. C, October 9, 1862. Duty in the defenses of Washington, D. C., until April 18, 1863. Ordered to Suffolk, Va., April 18. Siege of Suffolk April 20-May 4. Edenton Road April 24. Siege of Suffolk raised May 4. Expedition into Matthews County May 19–22. Expedition to Walkerton and Aylett's June 4–5. Walkerton June 5. Dix's Peninsula Campaign June 24-July 7. Expedition from White House to South Anna River July 1–7. South Anna Bridge July 4. Ordered to the Department of the South, arriving at Folly Island, S.C., July 12.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg, Morris Island, S.C., and operations against Fort Sumter and Charleston August 12-September 7. Bombardment of Fort Sumter and Charleston August 17–23. Capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg September 7. Operations against Charleston and picket duty on Folly and Black Islands, S.C., until February 1864. Expedition to Johns and James Islands February 6–14. Ordered to Jacksonville, Fla., February 20, and duty there until April. Expedition to Cedar Creek March 2. Ordered to Yorktown, Va., April 21. Butler's operations on south side of the James River and against Petersburg and Richmond May 4–28.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, May 6–7. Chester Station May 10. Operations against Fort Darling May 12–16. Battle of Drury's Bluff May 14–16. Port Walthall Junction May 16. Bermuda Hundred May 16–27. Moved to White House, then to Cold Harbor May 28–31. Battles about Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 15–18. Siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond June 16 to December 7. In the trenches before Petersburg and on the Bermuda Hundred front until August. Demonstration north of the James River August 13–20. Dutch Gap August 13. Strawberry Plains August 14–18.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Chaffin's Farm, New Market Heights, September 28–30. Battle of Fair Oaks October 27–28. In the trenches before Richmond until December 7. Expedition to Fort Fisher, N.C., December 7–27. 2nd Expedition to Fort Fisher, N.C., January 3–15, 1865. Assault and capture of Fort Fisher January 15. Cape Fear Entrenchment's February 11–13. Sugar Loaf Battery February 11. Fort Anderson February 18–19. Capture of Wilmington February 22. Carolinas Campaign March 1-April 26. Advance on Goldsboro March 6–21. Advance on Raleigh April 9–13. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. Duty in North Carolina until July.


169th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 285 men during service; 10 officers and 147 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 125 enlisted men died of disease.


169th New York State Legislature
The 169th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7, 1953, to June 10, 1954, during the eleventh and twelfth years of Thomas E. Dewey's governorship, in Albany.


169th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938, re-apportioned in 1943, 56 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were Kings (nine districts), New York (six), Bronx (five), Queens (four), Erie (three), Westchester (three), Monroe (two) and Nassau (two). The Assembly districts consisted either of a single entire county (except Hamilton Co.), or of contiguous area within one county.


169th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Liberal Party, the American Labor Party, the Socialist Workers Party, the Socialist Party and the Socialist Labor Party (running under the name of "Industrial Government Party") also nominated tickets.


169th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1952, was held on November 4. The only statewide elective office up for election was carried by the incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Irving M. Ives. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for U.S. Senator, was: Republicans 3,854,000; Democrats 2,522,000; Liberals 490,000; American Labor 105,000; Socialist Workers 4,300; Socialists 3,400; and Industrial Government 2,500.


169th New York State Legislature, Elections
All five women members of the previous legislature—Assemblywomen Mary A. Gillen (Dem. ), of Brooklyn; Janet Hill Gordon (Rep.), a lawyer of Norwich; Genesta M. Strong (Rep.), of Plandome Heights; Mildred F. Taylor (Rep.), a coal dealer of Lyons; and Maude E. Ten Eyck (Rep.), of Manhattan—were re-elected. Ex-Assemblywoman Gladys E. Banks, of the Bronx, was again elected to the Assembly.


169th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1953, was held on November 3. The only statewide elective office up for election was carried by the incumbent Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals Edmund H. Lewis who had been appointed temporarily to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John T. Loughran. Also, nine amendments to the State Constitution, among them one that required the voter to cast a single joint vote for the candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on any ticket, were approved by the electorate. One vacancy in the State Senate and eight vacancies in the Assembly were filled.


169th New York State Legislature, Elections
Frances K. Marlatt, a lawyer of Mount Vernon, was elected to fill a vacancy in the Assembly, reaching again the number of seven women in the Assembly.


169th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the first regular session (the 176th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 7, 1953; and adjourned on March 21.


169th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Arthur H. Wicks (Rep.) was re-elected Temporary President of the State Senate. On September 30, 1953, Lt. Gov. Frank C. Moore (Rep.) resigned and on October 1, 1953, Wicks became Acting Lieutenant Governor.


169th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for a special session at the State Capitol in Albany on November 17, 1953; and adjourned on the next day. The session was called to enact a new State Senate re-apportionment. On November 18, 1953, Wicks resigned as Temporary President, and Walter J. Mahoney was elected to succeed as Temporary President and Acting Lieutenant Governor.


169th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the second regular session (the 177th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 6, 1954; and adjourned on March 20.


169th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for another special session at the State Capitol in Albany on June 10, 1954; and adjourned on the same day. The session was called to enact legislation concerning the Long Island Rail Road, amendments to the new legislative re-apportionment, and the construction of the Moses-Saunders Power Dam.


169th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature re-apportioned the Senate districts and the number of seats per county. The total number of senators was increased from 56 to 58; Bronx County lost one senatorial seat; and Nassau, Onondaga and Queens counties gained one senatorial seat each. Kings County lost two Assembly seats, and Albany and Bronx counties lost one seat each; Nassau County gained two seats, and Queens and Suffolk counties gained one seat each.


169th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Wheeler Milmoe changed from the Assembly to the Senate at the beginning of this Legislature. Assemblyman Edward P. Larkin was elected to fill a vacancy in the Senate.


169th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


169th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


169th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 169th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army between May 13, 1864, and September 4, 1864, during the American Civil War.


169th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 169th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Taylor near Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered in May 13, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Nathaniel Haynes. The regiment left Ohio for Washington, D.C., May 19 and was attached to 1st Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to July 1864. 2nd Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to August 1864. Assigned to duty in the defenses of Washington south of the Potomac River as garrison at Fort Ethan Allen and in other fortifications south of the Potomac until September. Participated in the repulse of Early's attack on Washington July 11–12. The 169th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 4, 1864.


169th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


169th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost 41 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 169th Rifle Division was formed as an infantry division of the Red Army beginning in late August, 1939, as part of the pre-war Soviet military build-up. It saw service in the occupation force in western Ukraine in September. The German invasion found it still in Ukraine, fighting back to the Dniepr until it was nearly destroyed. The partly-rebuilt division fought again at Kharkov, then was pulled back into reserve and sent deep into the Caucasus where it fought south of Stalingrad throughout that battle.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
Following another major redeployment the division helped in the liberation of Oryol, and the following race to the Dniepr. In 1944 and 1945 it was in 1st and 2nd Belorussian Fronts, participating successfully in the offensives that liberated Belarus, Poland, and conquered eastern Germany. It ended the war on the Elbe River.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Formation
The 169th was based on a cadre from the 45th Rifle Regiment, and began forming on August 25 and into September, 1939 at Kherson and Nikolaeyev in the Ukrainian Military District (later, the Odessa Military District). While still forming up it was officially in the third echelon of the Soviet forces taking part in the Soviet invasion of Poland.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Barbarossa
On June 22, 1941, the order of battle of the 169th was as follows:


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Barbarossa
As the enemy offensive began the division was spread over 65km in peacetime garrisons around Lipkany, Mogilev-Podolsk, and Grushka along the Dniestr River. On the 25th it was assigned to South Front, and fought under command of either the 9th or the 18th Army through June and July in 55th Rifle Corps. While in 18th Army the 169th was attempting to aid the breakout of the Soviet forces encircled in the Uman pocket. While directing his troops from his command post in the Pervomaisk area, General Turunov, commander of the division, was severely wounded by a shell fragment. He was evacuated by air to Kharkov, but died in hospital on August 3.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Barbarossa
Retreating under pressure through the southern Ukraine, by Aug. 12 the division was reduced to two groups, one with a strength of 808 men, and one of just 603 men. The former group was destroyed on Aug. 14, and on the 16th the latter group was evacuated over the Dniepr to serve as a cadre for the rebuilding division. By Sept. 1 it was back in the line under command of 6th Army near Dnepropetrovsk. The order of battle had changed; the 135th Antiaircraft Battalion had been removed to become a separate unit.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Barbarossa
On Oct. 30 the 169th was in 38th Army of Southwestern Front with 4,787 officers and men in the ranks. On Dec. 26 the 342nd Howitzer Regiment was disbanded and the 307th Light Artillery Regiment became a standard divisional artillery regiment, while the reconnaissance battalion was reorganized as a company, with the same number. On Jan. 1, 1942, the divisional strength was 5,536 officers and men, half of what was authorized for a rifle division at that time, but about average compared to other such divisions.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Blue  and Stalingrad
In May and June, 1942, the 169th fought under the command of 28th Army during the Second Battle of Kharkov, and the early stages of the German Operation Blue. German Sixth Army launched a preliminary attack, Operation Wilhelm, against the 28th Army bridgehead over the Donets at and south of Volchansk, from June 10–15. The division was caught up in this and was largely encircled in spite of beginning to retreat almost immediately; on the 13th Marshal Semyon Timoshenko reported it was "seriously battered".


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Blue  and Stalingrad
During the main operation, the army's defenses along the Oskol River were penetrated by XXXX Panzer Corps on June 30, but the resistance of the 169th helped limit the advance. By July 10, 28th Army reported the division "was fighting in the Zhuravka region with 100 fighters", and these remnants made their way south of the Don in the following days.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Blue  and Stalingrad
On July 27 the remnants of the division were withdrawn into the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. After over a month of rest and refitting, by Sept. 11 the division was back up to a strength of 8,028 officers and men; 6,679 new men arrived from hospitals, the Tashkent Machinegun-Mortar School, the Astrakhan Infantry School, and reserve regiments. On Oct. 29 it had reached nearly-full strength of 9,424 and was assigned to 57th Army on the west bank of the Volga, south of Stalingrad.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Blue  and Stalingrad
In mid-October, the commander of Stalingrad Front, Gen. A.I. Yeryomenko ordered an attack from the so-called Beketovka bridgehead in yet another attempt to break through to the encircled 62nd Army in the city, or at least to divert German forces from the battle there. The 169th was transferred to 64th Army for this purpose. In this operation, which began on Oct. 25 and continued until Nov. 2, the division served as a general reserve. While gaining little ground, these attacks served as a distraction for German Sixth Army.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Uranus and Operation Ring
In preparation for the strategic counteroffensive called Operation Uranus, the 169th was transferred back to 57th Army in early November and moved southwards, to the vicinity of Tundutovo and Ivanovka, and reinforced. For the offensive it was supported by 90th Tank Brigade, and made up about half of 57th Army's shock group, with the 422nd Rifle Division and more armor making up the other half.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Uranus and Operation Ring
After a 75-minute artillery preparation the division stepped off at 1115 hours on Nov. 20 and easily penetrated the defenses of the under-strength Romanian 2nd Infantry Division, which suffered "tank fright" and was virtually routed in the first hour. By mid-afternoon the shock group had advanced 6 to 8 kilometres and the 169th had captured Khara-Uson, Erdeshkin and Nariman. In the evening the division came under attack by the German 29th Motorized Division, which drove it back from Nariman; quick action by the 90th Tank Brigade saved the day by engaging the German armor and destroying several tanks.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Operation Uranus and Operation Ring
The division lost 93 men killed and 257 wounded in this action. 13th Tank Corps soon entered this seesaw battle through the night and next day, until the German division was ordered northward towards Stalingrad, after which the 169th and its supporting tanks continued to exploit their penetration westwards. Within days the shock group ran up against the 29th Motorized once again, as well as the 297th Infantry Division, defending the strongpoints of Tsybenko and Kravtsov, and the advance became a siege.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Advance
The counteroffensive took its toll, and by Dec. 4 the strength of the division was back down to a total of 5,574 men. Following the victory at Stalingrad, in March, 1943, the 169th moved by rail northwards to Western Front. Here it was assigned to 16th Guards Rifle Corps in Gen. I.Kh. Bagramyan's 11th Guards Army. Under these commands the division fought in Operation Kutuzov, which reduced the Oryol salient and liberated the city of Oryol during July and August.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Advance
In late 1943 the 169th was assigned to 40th Rifle Corps in 3rd Army, where it would remain, almost continuously, until the end of the war. In late February, 1944, 3rd Army was in 1st Belorussian Front during the Rogachyov-Zhlobin Operation, with the goal of seizing bridgeheads over the Dniepr River. During this fighting, the division distinguished itself in the liberation of Rogachyov, and received that town's name as an honorific.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Advance
At the outset of Operation Bagration, on June 23, 40th Rifle Corps began with a shattering artillery barrage of 45 minutes against the sector held by German XII Corps near Rogachyov, followed by regimental-sized attacks against the 267th Infantry and 18th Panzergrenadier Divisions. As the offensive unfolded, the 9th Tank Corps made a 200 km deep "raid" into the Minsk area, and the 169th organized a forward detachment in support, composed of the 434th Rifle Regiment loaded onto every truck available, plus the 160th Antitank Battalion, with extra troops from the "Burevestnik" Partisan Brigade picked up along the way. This successful exploitation earned the division the Order of the Red Banner, awarded on July 25 for the liberation of Volkovisk.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Advance
On January 2, 1945, just before the Vistula-Oder Offensive, the division had a strength of 6,712 troops, including 770 officers, 1,685 NCOs, and 4,257 enlisted; 42% of the division's personnel were either Communist Party members or Komsomols. After driving into East Prussia as part of 2nd Belorussian Front, the division was awarded the Order of Suvorov and later the Order of Kutuzov. When the war ended the 169th was on the Elbe River, 120 km west of Berlin. The men and women of the division had earned its full title: 169-я стрелковая Рогачевская Краснознамённая орденов Суворова и Кутузова дивизия (English: 169th Rifle, Rogachyov, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov, Order of Kutuzov Division), and six men had become Heroes of the Soviet Union.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Postwar
According to STAVKA Order No. 11095 of May 29, 1945, part 6, the 169th is listed as one of the rifle divisions to be "disbanded in place". However, this was not carried out, and by the end of August the division had been relocated to Vitebsk.


169th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Postwar
According to Vitaly Feskov and his research team, even further after the war it was moved to Lepiel, still with the 40th Rifle Corps. The division was disbanded there in June 1946.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line)
169th Street is a local station on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 169th Street and Hillside Avenue in Queens, it is served by the F train at all times, the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction, and two E trains to Jamaica–179th Street during p.m. rush hours.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line)
169th Street station opened on April 24, 1937, as the terminal station of the Independent Subway System's Queens Boulevard Line. This station was once heavily used because of the many bus connections available for riders heading further east within Queens. It became the closest subway station to the 165th Street Bus Terminal after the closure and demolition of the nearby 168th Street BMT station on Jamaica Avenue in 1977. Ridership at 169th Street station declined significantly following the opening of the Archer Avenue lines in 1988.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Construction
The Queens Boulevard Line was one of the first built by the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND), and was planned to stretch between the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan and 178th Street and Hillside Avenue in Jamaica, Queens. The line was first proposed in 1925. Construction of the line was approved by the New York City Board of Estimate on October 4, 1928. On December 23, 1930, the contract for the construction of the section between 137th Street (now the Van Wyck Expressway) and 178th Street—Route 108, Section 11—was let. This section included the stations at 169th Street, Parsons Boulevard, Sutphin Boulevard, and Briarwood. The contract for this section was awarded to Triest Contracting Corporation. The line was constructed using the cut-and-cover tunneling method, and to allow pedestrians to cross, temporary bridges were built over the trenches.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Construction
The first section of the line opened on August 19, 1933 from the connection to the Eighth Avenue Line at 50th Street to Roosevelt Avenue in Jackson Heights. Later that year, a $23 million loan was approved to finance the remainder of the line, along with other IND lines. The remainder of the line was built by the Public Works Administration. In summer 1933 work on this station and 169th Street were completed, far ahead of schedule. In 1934 and 1935, construction of the extension to Jamaica was suspended for 15 months and was halted by strikes. Construction was further delayed due to a strike in 1935, instigated by electricians opposing wages paid by the General Railway Signal Company.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Construction
In April 1936, William Jerome Daly, the secretary of the New York City Board of Transportation, stated, in response to requests for a stop at 178th Street, that constructing a station at that location would prevent express service from operating past 71st Avenue. He said that with a final station at 169th Street, express trains could run to Parsons Boulevard, and that if the line was extended to Springfield Boulevard as planned, express service could be extended past 178th Street with a yard east of the new terminal.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Construction
In August 1936, construction to Forest Hills was expected to be completed by the end of the year. While the tracks were installed all the way to 178th Street, the stops to the east of Union Turnpike still needed to be tiled, have stairways, turnstiles and lighting installed. Two additional contracts remained to be put up for bid, both the results of last minute changes. One of the changes concerned the line's eastern terminal. Initially, express trains were planned to terminate at a station at 178th Street.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Construction
However, the plans were changed to terminate the express trains at Parsons Boulevard, requiring the installation of switches. Since construction of the tunnel was already completed in this section, a few hundred feet of the wall separating the eastbound and westbound train tracks had to be removed to fit the two switches. In addition, a new tunnel roof and new side supports had to be constructed. Since the line's new terminal would be at 169th Street, the tracks at 178th Street would be used to turn back trains. This change delayed the opening of the line from Union Turnpike to 169th Street, and also led to protests from the Jamaica Estates Association because the 178th Street station had been eliminated.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Construction
A 3.5-mile (5.6 km) extension from Roosevelt Avenue to Kew Gardens opened on December 31, 1936. In March 1937, the extension to 169th Street was expected to be opened on May 1, requiring work to be finished by April 3, and fully approved and tested by April 20. As of this point, minor station work remained, including the installation of light bulbs, with the only major work left to be completed being the final 200 feet (61 m) of track in the 169th Street terminal.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Opening
On April 9, 1937, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia announced that the operation of the $14.4 million extension to Jamaica and express service would begin on April 24. The extension to Hillside Avenue and 178th Street, with a terminal station at 169th Street, opened as planned on April 24, 1937. Service was initially provided by E trains, which began making express stops from 71st Avenue to Queens Plaza during rush hours on the same date, and by EE local trains during non-rush hours. The express service operated between approximately 6:30 and 10:30 a.m. and from 3:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m., and ran every three to five minutes. This extension was celebrated with a parade along Hillside Avenue.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Opening
On December 15, 1940, F trains began running via the newly opened IND Sixth Avenue Line, also running express west of 71st Avenue. 169th Street and Parsons Boulevard were both used as terminal stations during this time, with the E terminating at this station and the F at Parsons Boulevard. This setup was instituted to prevent congestion at both stations.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Opening
While 169th Street was the end of the line, F trains terminated at Parsons Boulevard because the 169th Street station provided an unsatisfactory terminal setup for a four-track line. There were no storage facilities provided at the 169th Street station, and since 169th Street was a local station, trains on the outer local tracks had to cross over to the inner express tracks to reverse direction. Therefore, the line was planned to be extended to 184th Place with a station at 179th Street containing two island platforms, sufficient entrances and exits, and storage for four ten-car trains.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Opening
The facilities would allow for the operation of express and local service to the station. Delayed due to the Great Depression and World War II, the extension was completed later than expected and opened on December 11, 1950. E trains were extended there at all times and F trains were extended evenings, nights, and Sunday mornings. On May 13, 1951, all F trains outside of rush hour were extended to 179th Street using the local tracks beyond Parsons Boulevard. On October 8, 1951, trains were extended to 179th Street at all times. During rush hours F trains skipped 169th Street running via the express tracks. At other times, the F stopped at 169th Street.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Archer Avenue extension
Before the IND Archer Avenue Line opened on December 11, 1988, all Queens Boulevard express trains (E and F trains) ran to 179th Street, with the E running express along Hillside Avenue during rush hours only and the F running local. At that time, the 169th Street station was considered to be the most congested due to the numerous bus lines that either terminated just outside or at the nearby 165th Street Bus Terminal; this use had increased after the closure and demolition of the nearby 168th Street BMT station on Jamaica Avenue in 1977.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Archer Avenue extension
The station was ill-equipped to handle the high passenger traffic volume transferring between the buses and subway, and The New York Times stated that during peak hours, passengers had to wait just to get to the platform. As a result, bars were installed on each of the seven 179th Street-bound staircases at platform level to "feed" passengers into the staircases and prevent them from crowding around it.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), History, Archer Avenue extension
The opening of the Archer Avenue Line was expected by the New York City Transit Authority to reduce rush hour ridership at this station from 12,912 to 6,058. The locations of the station's full-time and part-time booths were switched in 1988, since more than half of the remaining riders lived closer to the 169th Street entrance. Before the change, most riders came from the Bus Terminal via the 168th Street entrance. The formerly full-time 168th Street booth was made part-time, and the formerly part-time 169th Street booth was made full-time.


169th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), Station layout
This underground station has four tracks and two side platforms. Both platforms have a vermilion trim line with a black border and mosaic name tablets reading "169TH ST." in white sans-serif lettering on a black background with vermillion border. Small "169" and directional tile captions in white lettering on a black background run below the trim line and name tablets. Lime green I-beams run along the platforms and mezzanine at regular intervals, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate with white lettering.