15th United States Congress
The 15th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1817, to March 4, 1819, during the first two years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.


15th United States Congress, Letter of December 1818
Two major treaties with the United Kingdom were approved, finalized and signed during the 15th Congress, both the Rush–Bagot Treaty and the Treaty of 1818, both of which pertained to the United States-Canada border, and both of which were overwhelmingly popular in the United States. President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams were credited with the accomplishments. A letter signed by many members of congress expressing "Gratitude, amity and brotherhood with Great Britain" was addressed to British Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Henry Bathurst, 3rd


15th United States Congress, Letter of December 1818
Earl Bathurst, British foreign secretary Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh and Britain's minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinaire to the United States Charles Bagot. The letter also attacked King Louis XVIII of France for insulting remarks he had made towards American diplomats and about the United States, as well as his refusal to pay reparations owed to the United States from damages incurred during the Quasi-War.


15th United States Congress, Letter of December 1818
The letter was signed in December of 1818 by Joel Abbot, Thomas W. Cobb, Zadock Cook, Joel Crawford, John Forsyth, William Terrell, Charles Tait, William Smith, John Gaillard, Henry Middleton, William Lowndes, James Ervin, Joseph Bellinger, Starling Tucker, Eldred Simkins, Elias Earle, Wilson Nesbitt, Stephen Decatur Miller, Montfort Stokes, Nathaniel Macon, Lemuel Sawyer, Joseph Hunter Bryan, Thomas H. Hall, Jesse Slocumb, James Owen, Weldon Nathaniel Edwards, James Stewart, James Strudwick Smith, Thomas Settle, George Mumford, Daniel Munroe Forney, Felix Walker, Lewis Williams, John J. Crittenden, Isham Talbot, David Trimble, Henry Clay, Richard Mentor Johnson, Joseph Desha, Anthony New, David Walker, George Robertson, Richard Clough Anderson Jr., Tunstall Quarles, Thomas Speed, William Hendricks, James Noble, Waller Taylor, John Eaton, John Williams, John Rhea, William Grainger Blount, Francis Jones, Samuel E. Hogg, Thomas Claiborne, George W.L. Marr, George Poindexter, Prentiss Mellen, Harrison Gray Otis, Enoch Lincoln, Jonathan Mason, Nathaniel Silsbee, Jeremiah Nelson, Timothy Fuller, Elijah H. Mills, Samuel Clesson Allen, Henry Shaw, Zabdiel Sampson, Walter Folger Jr., Marcus Morton, Benjamin Adams, Solomon Strong, Nathaniel Ruggles, John Holmes, Ezekiel Whitman, Benjamin Orr, John Wilson, Thomas Rice, Joshua Gage and Albion Parris, all of whom also voted to ratify both of the aforementioned treaties.


15th United States Congress, Letter of December 1818
Several governors also signed the letter, which was entirely symbolic and intended as a gesture of goodwill, including Gabriel Slaughter, William Rabun, John Geddes, John Branch, John Brooks, James Patton Preston and David Holmes. This was significant because the governors and the members of congress were from different regions (both Massachusetts and several southern states were represented), and because signers came from both the Whig Party and the Democratic-Republicans. Many members of congress and Washington DC had a very hostile relationship with France's notoriously combative ambassador Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville, which contributed to the letters contents as per France.


15th United States Congress, Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.


15th United States Congress, Party summary, Senate
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Mississippi and Illinois.


15th United States Congress, Party summary, House of Representatives
During this congress, one House seat was added for each of the new states of Mississippi and Illinois.


15th United States Congress, Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.


15th United States Congress, Members, Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1818.


15th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.


15th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives, Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.


15th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives, New York
There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives.


15th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives, Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives.


15th United States Congress, Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.


15th Vanier Cup
The 15th Vanier Cup was played on November 17, 1979, at Varsity Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, and decided the CIAU football champion for the 1979 season. The Acadia Axemen won their first ever championship by defeating the Western Mustangs by a score of 34-12.


15th Venice International Film Festival
The 15th Venice International Film Festival was held from 22 August to 7 September 1954. Writer Ignazio Silone was appointed as president of the jury. The Golden Lion was awarded to Romeo and Juliet, directed by Renato Castellani.


15th Venice International Film Festival, Official selection, In Competition
The following films were selected for the main international competition:


15th Venice International Film Festival, Awards, Official selection
The following official awards were presented at the 15th edition:


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment
The 15th Vermont Infantry Regiment was a nine months' infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the eastern theater, predominantly in the Defenses of Washington, from October 1862 to August 1863. It was a member of the 2nd Vermont Brigade.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
The 15th Vermont Infantry, a nine months regiment, raised as a result of President Lincoln's call on August 4, 1862, for additional troops due to the disastrous results of the Peninsula Campaign.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
It was composed of volunteers from Caledonia, Orleans, Orange and Windsor counties, as follows:


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
Colonel Redfield Proctor, previously of the 3rd and 5th Vermont regiments, was selected to command the regiment. He would later serve as Governor of Vermont. William W. Grout, the regiment's lieutenant colonel, would later serve in the U.S. Congress.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment went into camp at Brattleboro on October 8, 1862, occupying barracks just vacated the day before by the 12th Vermont Infantry, and was mustered into United States service on October 22. It left Vermont on October 23, and arrived in Washington, D.C. on October 26; the next day it joined the 14th Vermont Infantry and some Maine regiments in Camp Chase, in Arlington, Virginia, then returned to camp on East Capitol Hill, and on October 30 became part of the 2nd Vermont Brigade.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment marched to Munson's Hill on October 30, and Hunting Creek the next day, where it stayed until November 26. It performed picket duty at Occoquan Creek from November 26, to December 4, when it moved to "Camp Vermont" until December 12. It engaged in further picket duty near Fairfax Courthouse until December 20, then moved to Fairfax Station until March 24. From March 24 to May 7 it was at Union Mills, followed by nearly two weeks at Bealeton. It returned to Union Mills until mid-June, then for ten days elements of the regiment were stations at Bristoe Station, Catlett's Station and Manassas.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
On June 25, the brigade was assigned as the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps, and ordered to form the rear guard of the Army of the Potomac as it marched north after Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. The 15th marched with the brigade from Wolf Run Shoals on June 25, crossed the Potomac River on June 27, at Edward's Ferry, and moved north through Frederick and Creagerstown, Maryland. It was drawing near Gettysburg on July 1, when the 12th and 15th regiments were detached to guard the corps trains. The two regiments accompanied the corps trains to Rock Creek Church, near the battlefield.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
After the battle, regiment participated in the pursuit of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia across the Catoctin mountains to Middletown, Maryland, then back over South Mountain, through Boonsboro, to Williamsport by July 14. The regiment marched to Harper's Ferry, across South Mountain again, and camped near Petersville, near Berlin (present-day Brunswick). On July 18, the regiment was released, taking a train from Berlin to Baltimore. It reached New York City on July 20, spent two uneventful days there during the Draft riots, then continued on to Brattleboro, where it mustered out on August 5.


15th Vermont Infantry Regiment, History
Like the other regiments in the 2nd Vermont Brigade, dozens of newly discharged members from the 15th regiment enlisted again, predominantly in the regiments of the 1st Vermont Brigade, and the 17th Vermont Infantry.


15th Vietnam Film Festival
The 15th Vietnam Film Festival was held from November 20 to November 24, 2007 in Nam Định City, Nam Định Province, Vietnam, with the slogan "For a reformed and integrated Vietnam cinema" (Vietnamese: "Vì một nền điện ảnh Việt Nam đổi mới và hội nhập").


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event
This is the first Film Festival with the participation of overseas Vietnamese filmmakers and foreign collaborative films. There were 113 films in attendance at the Film Festival: 25 feature films, 9 direct-to-video feature film, 53 documentary films, 9 science films và 17 animated films. The jury only awarded 2 Golden Lotus, one for the feature film: "Hà Nội, Hà Nội" and the other for the science film "Sự sống ở rừng Cúc Phương".


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Participation
This is the first film festival where the feature film section has a very high diversity: foreign elements, privately funded films, films by young directors, high-budget films, etc. The participation of 25 feature films comes from 9 units, of which 5 are state owned and 4 are private.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Participation
Within the prescribed time limit (from August 16, 2004 to August 16, 2007), a total of private film studios produced more than 15 feature films, 4-5 times more than at the time of the 14th festival.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Participation
As expected by the Organizing Committee, September 6, 2007 is the deadline to register to attend the 15th National Film Festival. But after this date, there are only 18 feature films, of which only the film "Dòng máu anh hùng" of Chánh Phương Film, registering to participate. According to Mr. Lê Ngọc Minh - Deputy Director of the Vietnam Cinema Department, some studios mistook the deadline for September 30, 2007, so the organizers postponed the deadline to this date, so after September 6, the Private film studios continue to receive invitations from the Cinema Department.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Participation
The 15th National Film Festival Organizing Committee also sent invitations to foreign film delegations such as the US, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Cambodia (including managers, film artists) to attend. Foreign delegations brought films to screen in the outer circle with the nature of welcome, exchange and discussion.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
The judges were divided into 4 panels with 4 heads including: Đặng Nhật Minh (feature film), Vương Đức (direct-to-video feature film), Trần Thế Dân (documentary and science film), Mai Long (animated film). According to the new regulations of this year's Film Festival, the Head of Jury is also the official spokesman before the mouthpieces about the contents of the Film Festival.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
This year, documentaries and scientific films are separated to award the Golden and Silver Lotus Awards, not together as every year.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Jury
For feature films, before the first screening of each film, the Organizing Committee will distribute votes to the audience to choose their favorite movies. This is considered an award voted by film festival audiences.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Activities
Instead of holding the opening ceremony in the hall as usual, the opening ceremony of the 15th Film Festival was held in the square, in front of the Trần Hưng Đạo monument with the participation of thousands of guests and the people of Nam Định city. After the opening ceremony, there will be three large audience interactions with movie artists held at 3 locations: Nam Định City Sports Arena, the square in front of Bùi Chu Church and the square of Phu Day cultural tourist area.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Activities
Films participating in the festival will be released in turn at cinemas in Nam Định city: Tháng 8, Kim Đồng, Minh Khai, Student Cinema Center. Movie screenings in the evening will feature artists interacting with the audience. On this occasion, a talk and professional exchange at Vị Hoàng Hotel on the morning of November 22 was held to discuss the direction for Vietnamese cinema in the trend of integration and development, with the participation of many experts. face of international guests.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Inadequacy
At this festival, the organizers distribute tickets to each agency and organization. This leads to the situation when the movie is shown, in one place the audience is all soldiers, in other places it is all workers or students. Thus, if there are lucky movies, they will find their right audience, and if there are unlucky movies, they will have to suffer from the wrong audience.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Inadequacy
The film festival also received a series of criticisms about the organization, the lack of respect for the artists, the inadequacy in the judging criteria.


15th Vietnam Film Festival, Event, Inadequacy
According to the information that the press present in Nam Định received before the closing ceremony, most of the members of the Jury gave their votes to "Mùa len trâu". The belief that "Mùa len trâu" won the award was further strengthened when director Nguyễn Võ Nghiêm Minh won the Best Director award. The result of the Golden Lotus given to "Hà Nội, Hà Nội" surprised everyone present in the final night, apart from the judges. Before that, "Hà Nội, Hà Nội" was never on the list of strong candidates.


15th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
The 15th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.


15th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
Virginia's 15th Cavalry Regiment was formed in September 1862, by consolidating the 14th and 15th Battalions, Virginia Cavalry. The 14th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry (also called the Chesapeake Battalion) was organized in May 1862, with four companies. It included three companies from the 5th Regiment Virginia Cavalry in the Provisional Confederate Army. The unit served under General Daniel at Malvern Hill, then was assigned to Robert Ransom's Brigade. Major Edgar Burroughs was in command when it was consolidated. The 15th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry (also called the Northern Neck Rangers) was also organized during the spring of 1862 with four companies. Attached to the Army of Northern Virginia, the unit served under J.E.B. Stuart. Major John Critcher was in command when it was consolidated.


15th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
The consolidated unit served in W.H.F. Lee's, Lomax's, and Payne's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It was active in the Chancellorsville Campaign and later reported 2 killed and 14 wounded during the operations around Bristoe. The regiment continued the fight at Mine Run and The Wilderness, then saw action about Cold Harbor.


15th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
It moved with Early to the Shenandoah Valley and on November 8, 1864, was absorbed by the 5th Virginia Cavalry. The field officers were Colonels William B. Ball and Charles R. Collins, Lieutenant Colonel John Critcher, and Major Edgar Burroughs.


15th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 15th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.


15th Virginia Infantry Regiment
15th Virginia was organized in May 1861, with men from Richmond and Henrico and Hanover counties. The regiment was brigaded under McLaws, Semmes, and Corse, Army of Northern Virginia.


15th Virginia Infantry Regiment
It fought with the army from the Seven Days' Battles to Fredericksburg, then was involved in Longstreet's Suffolk Expedition. During the Gettysburg Campaign, the 15th was on detached duty, and after serving in Tennessee and North Carolina participated in the battles at Drewry's Bluff and Cold Harbor. Later it took its place in the Petersburg trenches north and south of the James River and ended the war at Appomattox.


15th Virginia Infantry Regiment
This unit contained 476 effectives in April, 1862, reported 1 killed and 8 wounded at Malvern Hill, and lost fifty-nine percent of the 128 engaged at Sharpsburg. Many were captured at Sayler's Creek, and on April 9, 1865, it surrendered with 69 officers and men.


15th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The field officers were Colonel Thomas P. August; Lieutenant Colonels James R. Crenshaw, Emmett M. Morrison, Thomas G. Peyton, and St. George Tucker; and Majors C.H. Clarke and John S. Walker.


15th Virginia Regiment
The 15th Virginia Regiment was authorized on September 16, 1776, as a part of the Virginia Line for service with the Continental Army under the command of David Mason. All or part of the regiment saw action at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and the Siege of Charleston where all of the Regiment was captured in the last. The regiment was disbanded on January 1, 1781.


15th Visual Effects Society Awards
The 15th Visual Effects Society Awards was held in Los Angeles on February 7, 2017, in honor to the best visual effects in film and television of 2016. The nominations were announced on January 10, 2017. The Jungle Book took five awards at the ceremony.


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
The Jungle Book – Robert Legato, Joyce Cox, Andrew R. Jones, Adam Valdez, JD Schwalm


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Deepwater Horizon – Craig Hammack, Petra Holtorf-Stratton, Jason Snell, John Galloway, Burt Dalton


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Kubo and the Two Strings – Travis Knight, Arianne Sutner, Steve Emerson, Brad Schiff


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
The Jungle Book  – King Louie – Paul Story, Dennis Yoo, Jack Tema, Andrei Coval


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Finding Dory – Hank – Jonathan Hoffman, Steven Clay Hunter, Mark Piretti, Audrey Wong


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Doctor Strange – New York City – Adam Watkins, Martinjn van Herk, Tim Belsher, Jon Mitchell


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Moana – Motonui Island – Rob Dressel, Andy Harkness, Brien Hindman, Larry Wu


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
The Jungle Book – Bill Pope, Robert Legato, Gary Roberts, John Brennan


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Deepwater Horizon – Deepwater Horizon Rig – Kelvin Lau, Jean Bolte, Kevin Sprout, Kim Vongbunyong


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
The Jungle Book – Nature Effects – Oliver Winwood, Fabian Nowak, David Schneider, Ludovic Ramisandraina


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
Moana – Marc Henry Bryant, David Hutchins, John M. Kosnik, Dale Mayeda


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Film
The Jungle Book – Christoph Salzmann, Masaki Mitchell, Matthew Adams, Max Stummer


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – "Battle of the Bastards" – Joe Bauer, Steve Kullback, Glenn Melenhorst, Matthew Rouleau, Sam Conway


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Black Sails – "XX" – Erik Henry, Terron Pratt, Aladino Debert, Yafei Wu, Paul Stephenson


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
John Lewis – Buster the Boxer – Diarmid Harrison-Murray, Hannah Ruddleston, Fabian Frank, William Laban


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – "Battle of the Bastards" – Drogon – James Kinnings, Michael Holzi, Matt Derksen, Joeseph Hoback


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
John Lewis – Buster the Boxer – Tim van Hussen, David Bryan, Chloe Dawe, Maximillian Mallman


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – "Battle of the Bastards" – Meereen City – Deak Ferrand, Dominic Daigle, Francois Croteau, Alexandru Banuta


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – "Battle of the Bastards" – Meereen City – Thomas Hullin, Dominik Kirouac, James Dong, Xavier Fourmond


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Game of Thrones – "Battle of the Bastards" – Retaking Winterfell – Dominic Hellier, Morgan Jones, Thijs Noij, Caleb Thompson


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
John Lewis – Buster the Boxer – Tom Harding, Alex Snookes, David Filipe, Andreas Feix


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Other categories
Pirates of the Caribbean – Battle for the Sunken Treasure – Bill George, Amy Jupiter, Hayden Landis, David Lester


15th Visual Effects Society Awards, Winners and nominees, Other categories
Breaking Point – Johannes Franz, Nicole Rothermel, Thomas Sali, Alexander Richter


15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)
The 15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian) (German: 15. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (lettische Nr. 1)), Latvian: 15. ieroču SS grenadieru divīzija (latviešu Nr. 1)) was an Infantry Division of the Waffen-SS during World War II. It was formed in February 1943, and together with its sister unit, the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian) formed the Latvian Legion.


15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian), World War II
After forming of Latvian Police Battalions in Reichskommissariat Ostland, Heinrich Himmler formed Latvian legion (Lettische SS-Freiwilligen-Legion) in January 1943. In February 1943 Lettische SS-Freiwilligen-Division was formed which later received the numerical designation 15. The Legion was renamed the Lettische SS-Freiwilligen-Brigade, with the numerical designation added soon after.


15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian), World War II
Unlawful conscription of Latvians for military service by the Germans was based on Alfred Rosenberg's compulsory labor decree of 19 December 1941. It was carried out by Department of Labor of the Latvian Self Administration, commencing in early 1943 with the compulsory recruitment of Latvian citizens born between 1919 and 1924. The 15th Waffen SS, together with the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian) formed the Latvian Legion.


15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian), World War II
The 15th Waffen SS was swept up in the chaos of the collapse of the Eastern Front and lost much of its manpower fighting in districts surrounding Leningrad (Ostrov, Novosokolniki and Novgorod Oblast). In September 1944 the surviving elements of the division were sent by boat to Danzig. The division fought on the Pomeranian Wall defences and then retreated through Pomerania and Germany to Berlin.


15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian), World War II
Part of the division with a total of 824 men under Waffen-Standartenführer Vilis Janums, surrendered 27 April 1945 to the advancing Americans at Güterglück near the Elbe River. Other elements of the Division, amounting to approximately 4,500 men, surrendered to the Americans south of Schwerin on 2 May 1945.


15th West Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 15th West Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


15th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Service
The 15th West Virginia Infantry Regiment was organized at Wheeling in western Virginia between August and October 1862, and was mustered out on June 14, 1865.


15th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The 15th West Virginia Infantry Regiment suffered 3 officers and 50 enlisted men killed in battle or died from wounds, and 1 officer and 99 enlisted men dead from disease for a total of 153 fatalities.


15th Wing
The 15th Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. The wing reports to 11th Air Force, Headquartered at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska.


15th Wing
Its history goes back to just before World War II, when the 15th Pursuit Group was organized at Wheeler Field, Hawaii from elements of the 18th Pursuit Group. The group's combat effectiveness was largely destroyed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Remanned and re-equipped as the 15th Fighter Group, it remained in the Hawaiian islands to provide for the air defense of the islands, although it deployed squadrons and detachments to the Central and Western Pacific areas.


15th Wing
It later became a Twentieth Air Force very long range fighter group on Iwo Jima, escorting Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers that attacked the Japanese home Islands. In April 1945 the group earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for combat action over Japan. Following the end of the war, the group returned to Hawaii, where it was inactivated in 1946.


15th Wing
The group was again activated in 1955 to replace the 518th Air Defense Group as part of Air Defense Command's Project Arrow, which replaced units formed during the Cold War with those that had a distinguished history in the two world wars. It performed the air defense mission at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport, New York until it was discontinued in 1960 and its mission assumed by the New York Air National Guard.


15th Wing
In July 1962, Tactical Air Command organized the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing as the second McDonnell F-4 Phantom II wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. Although its companion 12th Tactical Fighter Wing was one of the first wings deployed during the Vietnam War, the 15th acted as an F-4 combat crew training unit during this era, although it assumed a tactical role during the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Pueblo crisis. In 1970 the wing was inactivated and its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing, which moved on paper to MacDill from Hamilton Air Force Base, California.


15th Wing
Little more than a year later, the wing returned to Hawaii as the 15th Air Base Wing, when it replaced the 6486th Air Base Wing as the host organization at Hickam Air Force Base. The wing has been stationed at Hickam (now Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam) since then. In 1984, the 15th group and 15th wing were consolidated into a single unit.


15th Wing, Mission
The mission of the 15th Wing is to develop and sustain combat-ready airmen, in partnership with the total force, to provide global mobility, global reach, precision engagement, and agile combat support anytime, anywhere. The 15th Wing partners with the 154th Wing of the Hawaii Air National Guard to provide strategic and tactical airlift capability to Pacific Air Forces and Air Mobility Command and to support local and worldwide missions of combat support and humanitarian or disaster relief.


15th Wing, Mission
To execute its mission, the wing has established priorities: First, execute the mission; second ensure readiness; third develop the wing's airmen; fourth, grow resilient airmen and families; and fifth, strengthen partnerships.


15th Wing, Units
The 15 Wing is composed of three groups and one direct reporting squadron each with specific functions. The operations group controls all flying and airfield operations. The maintenance group performs aircraft and aircraft support equipment maintenance. The medical group provides medical and dental care. The 15th Comptroller Squadron performs financial management for the wing. The remaining functions of the wing are staff agencies.


15th Wing, Units
Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam is also host to numerous tenant organizations. The Air Force side of the installation supports 140 tenant and associate units.


15th Wing, History, World War II
The unit was originally constituted as the 15th Pursuit Group (Fighter) and was activated at Wheeler Field, Hawaii, on 1 December 1940 as part of the defense force for the Hawaiian Islands. The original squadrons of the group were the 45th,46th, and 47th Pursuit Squadrons. The group drew its cadre from the 18th Pursuit Group, which had been stationed at Wheeler since 1927. In addition to its primary combat aircraft the group flew the Curtiss A-12 Shrike, Grumman OA-9 Goose, Martin B-12 and Boeing P-26 Peashooter during the prewar period.


15th Wing, History, World War II
A little more than a year later, on 7 December 1941, the group engaged in combat action during the Japanese attack on military installations in Hawaii. Bombing and strafing attacks that morning by carrier-based planes of the Japanese strike force destroyed many assigned aircraft and caused heavy casualties. However, twelve of the group's pilots succeeded in launching their Curtiss P-36 Hawk and Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft from Wheeler and Haleiwa Fighter Strip, and flew 16 sorties, destroying 10 Japanese planes.


15th Wing, History, World War II
Second Lieutenants George S. Welch and Kenneth M. Taylor, P-40 pilots assigned to the 47th Pursuit Squadron, shot down four and two Japanese aircraft, respectively, and were later cited for extraordinary heroism during the attack. Both received the Distinguished Service Cross. Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the group in the attack, it was remanned and reorganized.


15th Wing, History, World War II
On 12 February 1942, the unit was redesignated the 15th Pursuit Group (Interceptor). Several months later, the unit was redesignated the 15th Fighter Group. That summer, the group's mission changed. Although defense of the islands continued to be an important responsibility, continuing to provide combat training for fighter pilots with the Bell P-39 Airacobra, Curtiss P-40 Warhawk and the Republic P-47D Thunderbolt became the primary mission of the elements of the group remaining in Hawaii for the next two years.


15th Wing, History, World War II
In August 1942, the 12th Fighter Squadron, which had deployed to the Southwest Pacific Theater and been attached to VII Fighter Command, was assigned to the group, although the squadron remained at Christmas Island during its assignment. The group also deployed other squadrons to the Central and South Pacific for operations against Japanese forces.


15th Wing, History, World War II
The following March, the 6th Night Fighter Squadron was assigned to the group. During this assignment, which lasted a little more than a year, the 6th kept detachments of its Douglas P-70 Havocs and Northrop P-61 Black Widows on Guadalcanal and New Guinea. In March 1943, the 78th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the group. The 78th in effect replaced the 46th Fighter Squadron, which moved to Makin Island and Canton Island for operations against the Japanese, although the 46th remained assigned to the group until June 1944. In September, the 45th squadron also deployed to the western Pacific for combat operations, leaving the 47th and 78th with group headquarters in Hawaii.


15th Wing, History, World War II
Then, in April 1944, the deployed elements of the 15th Fighter Group returned to Hawaii and began training for very long range bomber escort missions, obtaining North American P-51 Mustangs later in the year. In January 1945, ordered into combat, the group left Hawaii for Saipan in the Marianas Islands, remaining there until a landing strip could be secured by the Marines on Iwo Jima. The first fighter aircraft to arrive at Iwo Jima were P-51s of the 15th's 47th Fighter Squadron the morning of 6 March, with the 45th and 78th Squadrons following the next day. They supported Marine ground units by bombing and strafing cave entrances, trenches, troop concentrations, and storage areas. By the middle of March, the group also began strikes against enemy airfields, shipping, and military installations in the Bonin Islands.


15th Wing, History, World War II
On 7 April 1945, the 15th flew its first Very Long Range (VLR) mission to Japan, providing fighter escort for the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers that attacked the Nakajima aircraft plant near Tokyo, and was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation. In late April and early May that year, the 15th struck Japanese airfields on Kyūshū to curtail the enemy's suicide attacks against the invasion force on Okinawa and also hit enemy troop trains, small factories, gun positions, and hangars in the Bonins and Japan.


15th Wing, History, World War II
During the summer of 1945, the 15th Fighter Group (along with the 21st Fighter Group and the VII Fighter Command) were reassigned to Twentieth Air Force. The group continued its fighter sweeps against Japanese airfields and other targets, in addition to flying long-range B-29 Superfortress escort missions to Japanese cities, until the end of the war. After the war, the group remained on lwo Jima until 25 November 1945, when it transferred (without personnel and equipment) to Bellows Field, Hawaii. There it absorbed the personnel and equipment of the 508th Fighter Group. On 8 February 1946, the unit moved to Wheeler Field, where it remained until inactivated on 15 October 1946. Its personnel and equipment were transferred to the 81st Fighter Group, which assumed its mission.


15th Wing, History, Air Defense Command
The 15th was again activated on 18 August 1955 as the 15th Fighter Group (Air Defense) at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport, New York, where it replaced the 518th Air Defense Group as a result of Air Defense Command (ADC)'s Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list fighter units which had compiled memorable records during the two World Wars. There it was responsible for the air defense of an area that included Western and Northern New York and parts of Ontario, Canada.


15th Wing, History, Air Defense Command
It was reunited with one of its former units, now designated the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (FIS), which was already at Niagara Falls, where it had been assigned to the 518th. The group was also assigned several support squadrons to perform its mission as USAF host unit for the active duty portions of Niagara Falls Airport. (later 15th USAF Dispensary)


15th Wing, History, Air Defense Command
The 47th FIS was equipped with radar equipped and rocket armed North American F-86D Sabres. In the fall of 1957, the squadron upgraded to data link equipped F-86Ls and later, by the summer of 1958 to Convair F-102 Delta Dagger aircraft The group performed air defense operations for the 4707th Air Defense Wing and Syracuse Air Defense Sector until July 1960, when it was discontinued. Its mission was assumed by units of ADC's Air National Guard augmentation program.


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
On 1 July 1962, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) was organized by Tactical Air Command at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida and assigned to the 836th Air Division. Operational squadrons of the wing and squadron tail codes were:


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
The wing was initially equipped with the obsolescent Republic F-84F Thunderstreak which were obtained from Air National Guard units. In 1964 the wing upgraded to the McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom II. The 15 TFW was the second wing to be equipped with the F-4.


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
The mission of the 15 TFW was to conduct tactical fighter combat crew training. The wing participated in a variety of exercises, operations and readiness tests of Tactical Air Command. The wing traine pilots and provided logistical support for the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing. It was reorganized as a mission-capable unit at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, returning afterwards to a training mission.


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
With the departure of the 12 TFW in 1965, the 15 TFW's mission became acting as a replacement training unit for F-4 aircrews prior to their deployment to Southeast Asia. The wing deployed 16 F-4s at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina, during the Pueblo crisis in 1968.


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
In 1965, the wing deployed its 43d, 45th, 46th and 47th Tactical Fighter Squadrons to SEA, where they participated in the air defense commitment for the Philippines from Clark AB and flew combat missions from Cam Rahn Bay Air Base in South Vietnam and Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base in Thailand. Members of the 45 TFS achieved the first U.S. Air Force aerial victories of the Vietnam War when they destroyed two MIGs on 10 July 1965. Captains Thomas S. Roberts, Ronald C. Anderson, Kenneth E. Holcombe, and Arthur C. Clark received credit for these kills. The 43d TFS was reassigned to Elmendorf AFB, Alaska on 4 January 1970.


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
Beginning in October 1968, when the 4424th Combat Crew Training Squadron (CCTS) was organized, the wing began Martin B-57G Canberra night intruder tactical bomber aircrew training. On 8 February 1969, the 13th Bombardment Squadron, was organized as a tactical B-57 squadron (Tail Code: FK) Night Intruder tactical bomber aircrew training. The squadron and eleven aircraft deployed to Ubon RTAFB, Thailand on 1 October 1970. Three B-57Gs were left behind at MacDill with the 4424th CCTS as trainers.


15th Wing, History, Vietnam War Era
In 1969, the wing assumed host USAF responsibility for MacDill from the 836th AD and was assigned the 15th Combat Support Group to carry out this mission. The 15th was inactivated on 1 October 1970, and was replaced by the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing when the 1st TFW was reassigned from ADC to Tactical Air Command and moved from Hamilton AFB, CA to MacDill. The 4424th CCTS remained at MacDill, coming under the 1st TFW and finally discontinuing on 30 June 1972 with the return of the B-57Gs to the United States (to Kansas ANG).


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
One year later, on 20 October 1971, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing was redesignated the 15th Air Base Wing and activated at Hickam AFB, Hawaii on 1 November 1971. Assigned to Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), the 15th assumed the personnel, equipment, mission, and duties previously performed by the 6486th Air Base Wing, which was simultaneously discontinued. This reactivation reestablished the organization in Hawaii, where the 15th Pursuit Group was formed in 1940, and the lineage, history and honors of the 15th Fighter Group were bestowed on the Wing.


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
The 15th Air Base Wing managed Hickam, Wheeler, Dillingham, and Johnston Island Air Force Bases, Bellows Air Force Station, and several smaller subsidiary bases. It provided base level support for headquarters PACAF and more than 100 tenant organizations. Its 15th Operations Squadron provided special airlift for the Commander in Chief, Pacific (CINCPAC), and the USAF and US Army components of Pacific Command, initially with VC-118 aircraft until inactivating in 1975, when the wing absorbed its assets. Its 9th Airborne Command and Control Squadron provided airborne command and control support for CINCPAC.


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
Responsibility for Johnston Island subsequently transferred to the Defense Nuclear Agency on 1 July 1973; but on that same date, the 15th ABW assumed operational responsibility for Wake Island. Dillingham later transferred to Army control on 27 February 1975, as did Wheeler AFB on 1 November 1991. In 1999, the 15th ABW once again assumed responsibility for Johnston Island. Operational control of Wake Island transferred to the 36th Air Base Wing (13th Air Force), Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, on 1 October 2000.


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
From April to September 1975, the wing sheltered over 93,000 orphans, evacuees, and refugees from Southeast Asia as part of Operation Babylift and Operation New Life. In 1980 the wing participated in Project Lagoon, a program to remove radioactive waste from Enewetak Atoll.


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
On 13 April 1992 the 15th Operations Group was activated as the wing implemented the USAF objective wing organization. Upon activation, the group assumed was reassigned the wing's operational squadrons and the newly activated 15th Operations Support Squadron. It also managed operational matters at Hickam and Bellows in Hawaii and Wake Island Airfield. Its two flying squadrons provided airborne command and control and airlift for high-ranking officials. The group also provided command and control for the defense of the Hawaiian Islands, including tactical control of Hawaii Air National Guard alert F-15 aircraft.


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
On 28 April 2003, the wing was redesignated the 15th Airlift Wing and begun preparation to stand up a first-of-its-kind active duty/associate Air National Guard C-17 Globemaster III organization. Almost three years later, on 8 February 2006 the wing welcomed in the first of eight C-17 Globemaster III cargo jets changing Hickam's identity and mission from strictly en route support to include performing local and worldwide airlift operations in support of combat and humanitarian missions.


15th Wing, History, Pacific Air Forces
On 18 May 2010, the wing was redesignated the 15th Wing in anticipation of the addition of air refueling and fighters to its airlift mission, which occurred on 23 July, when the 96th Air Refueling Squadron was assigned to the wing's operations group. Four days earlier, its 15th Mission Support Group was inactivated as Hickam Air Force Base became part of Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam and the US Navy assumed most support responsibility for the installation. In October, the wing added Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptors to the aircraft it flies when the 19th Fighter Squadron moved from Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska to become an active duty associate unit of the Hawaiian Air National Guard's 199th Fighter Squadron.


15th Wing, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was popularly known as the Norwegian Regiment or the Scandinavian Regiment, due to its composition of mostly Norwegian American, Swedish American, and Danish American immigrants.


15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Service
The 15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was originally formed by Col. Hans Christian Heg at Camp Randall, near Madison, Wisconsin. The majority of its members were Norwegian immigrants with the rest being mainly Swedish and Danish immigrants. The regiment was organized at Madison, Wisconsin, and mustered into federal service January 31, 1862. The regiment was mustered out of service by company between December 1, 1864, and February 13, 1865.


15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Major campaigns
The 15th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiment was a participant in a number of major battles conducted by the Union Army during the Civil War.


15th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The 15th Wisconsin suffered eight officers and 86 enlisted men who were killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another one officer and 241 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 336 fatalities. Colonel Hans Christian Heg was killed in action in the Battle of Chickamauga on September 20, 1863.


15th Wisconsin Legislature
The Fifteenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 8, 1862, to April 7, 1862, in regular session, and re-convened from June 3, 1862, through June 17, 1862. The legislature further convened in a special session from September 10, 1862, through September 26, 1862.


15th Wisconsin Legislature
This was the first legislative session after the expansion and redistricting of the Senate and Assembly according to an act of the previous session. The Senate grew from 30 to 33 seats; the Assembly grew from 97 to 100 seats.


15th Wisconsin Legislature
Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 8, 1861. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 6, 1860, or were elected in the 1861 election for a newly created district and were serving a one-year term.


15th Wisconsin Legislature, Members, Members of the Senate
Members of the Wisconsin Senate for the Fifteenth Wisconsin Legislature:


15th Wisconsin Legislature, Changes from the 14th Legislature
New districts for the 15th Legislature were defined in , passed into law in the 14th Wisconsin Legislature.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland)
15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Polish language: 15 Pulk Piechoty Wilkow, 15 pp) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army. It existed from January 1919 until September 1939. Garrisoned first in Bochnia and Ostrow Mazowiecka, and finally in Dęblin (1921–1939), the unit belonged to the 28th Infantry Division from Warsaw.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
In December 1918 in Bochnia, Colonel Ludwik Piatkowski, together with Major Jozef Wolf, formed the Infantry Regiment of the Land of Bochnia. On January 1, 1919, Colonel Wilhelm Frys became first commandant of the new unit. Soon afterwards, its name was changed into the 15th Infantry Regiment.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
On March 13, 1919, 1st Battalion of the Regiment (16 officers and 436 soldiers), which consisted mostly of volunteers from the counties of Bochnia, Grybow and Gorlice, left for the Ukrainian front. At the same time, two additional battalions were formed.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
On June 1, 1919, new commandant, Colonel Rudolf Tarnawski, completed all battalions, and in mid-August the whole regiment was sent to the Soviet front. On July 3, 1920, Major Boleslaw Zaleski, in honour of the ferocity of its soldiers facing the enemy, nicknamed the unit the “Wolf Regiment”.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
The 15th Wolves Infantry Regiment fought with distinction in the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War. It captured 5 cannons, 100 machine guns, 1500 POWs, 100 horses and stocks of enemy equipment, together with a Soviet flag.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Second Polish Republic
Following the Polish-Soviet War, the regiment remained for a year in eastern Poland, guarding the newly established border between the two countries. Finally, in mid-August 1921, it was transported to Dęblin, where it stayed until September 1939.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Second Polish Republic
During the 1939 Invasion of Poland, the 15th Wolves Infantry Regiment belonged to the 28th Infantry Division from Warsaw.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Symbols
The flag of the regiment, purchased by the residents of Bochnia, was handed to its soldiers in Molodeczno, on August 6, 1921.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Symbols
The badge, approved in June 1932, was in the shape of the Knight's Cross, with four heads of wolves on the wings.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Symbols
On December 4, 1920 near Lida, Marshall Jozef Pilsudski decorated the flags of the 9th Infantry Division (together with the 15th Wolves Infantry Regiment, which belonged to that division) with the Virtuti Militari.


15th Wolves Infantry Regiment (Poland), Symbols
The regiment celebrated its holiday on September 5, the anniversary of the 1920 Battle of Stefankowice.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students
The 15th World Festival of Youth and Students (WFYS) was organized by the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) in Algiers, Algeria, from 8 to 16 August 2001 for nine days, under the slogan "Let's globalize the struggle for Peace, Solidarity, Development, against Imperialism". The festival was the first organized in an Arab country, as well as the first in Africa and brought together 11,000 delegates from over 100 countries from around the world. International preparatory meetings took place in Cuba, India, Cyprus and Algeria itself. The event came after the successful revival of the festival movement at the 14th World Festival of Youth and Students in Havana, Cuba, and marked a continuation of the internationalist and anti-imperialist youth festival spirit.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, From the call to the festival
The international festival’s movement initiated in the beginning of 1947 offered to the youth of the world a space of free expression around their preoccupations and a forum of solidarity with people searching for independence, for self determination and for development. Humanity is entering the 21st century with hopes and new aspirations, but it has to face at the same time great challenges, being aware that not all of the last centuries changes changed our lives for the better; rather, it depends on our youthful, common and joint struggle as an active power of peoples.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, From the call to the festival
The 15th edition of the World Festival of Youth and Students comes to strengthen the work of the last festivals, and will take place in a new millennium marked by disastrous effects of globalisation and the new restructuring of the international relations, under the slogan adopted by a consensus “Let us globalise the struggle for peace, solidarity, development, against imperialism”.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, From the call to the festival
This 15th WFYS also plays a great role in an era where the civil society at the international level has become an undeniable partner in taking decisions thanks to multi-form struggles led by Non Governmental Organisations which lay down them selves as a real ways and means of claiming and expressing the preoccupations of the different stratum of peoples.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Political unrest
The festival took place at the conclusion of the decade-long Algerian Civil War. In the months leading up to the festival there were sustained street actions by hundreds of thousands of working people and youth in Algeria protesting repression by national police forces and supporting the struggle by the indigenous Berber people, an ethnic nationality in Algeria and throughout North Africa, for the right to be taught in their native language in school. This led to some groups to call to boycott the festival from those communities.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Delegations
Over 1,000 youth from Algeria itself attended the festival including 50 students of Berber origin and whose families live in Kabylia, a region to the east of Algiers where Berbers comprise the overwhelming majority.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Delegations
A number of other countries from Africa sent significant delegations, including Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen, Sudan, Egypt, and Tunisia, a first time in the history of the WFYS. A large delegation of over 400 people came with the Polisario Front from Western Sahara who raised the issue of their ongoing conflict with Morocco, organizing solidarity tents, dinners, rallies, workshops, and cultural activities about the issue which created thousands of refugees in that country.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Delegations
Almost 1,000 youth were expected from the Americas with Cuba sending a delegation of 600, the largest from the region. This included 250 international students who were then going to school in Cuba, especially from Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa; the other 350 were Cuban students and young workers. Several hundred came from Venezuela, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the United States and Puerto Rico.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Delegations
The final count for the festival was 11,000 although other sources put the event at 6,500 people.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Stamp
To honour the festival, Algeria released a special stamp by artist and painter Djazia Cherrih featuring the logo of the youth festival.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Activities
Most of the events were held at the Université des sciences et de la technologie Houari-Boumediene. Political themes of the conferences included peace, security, international co-operation; self-determination, sovereignty, national liberation, solidarity; democracy; development and the environment; employment; education, science, and technology; childhood; women; health; communication and culture; racism, neo-fascism and discrimination; youth's movements; the students' movement; human and peoples' rights.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Activities
The Festival aimed to be an open forum for young people to exchange experiences, work together for alternative solutions, and establish joint programs of action on a wide range issues. Topics of discussion and themes of debates included disarmament and building a nuclear-free world, the "New World Order" and NATO, as well as neo-liberal globalisation.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Activities
One day of the festival was devoted to solidarity with the people of Puerto Rico, especially the fight to get the U.S. Navy out of the island of Vieques, which was then being used as a bombing range and testing ground by the navy and United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Activities
A combined forum in solidarity with the struggles of the people of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and Colombia also took place. The panel included María Pili Hernández, representing the youth of the Fifth Republic Movement of Venezuela, the party founded by Hugo Chávez. She described changes in Venezuela's constitution and other measures by the Chávez government as an alternative example, a "third road," in the fight against imperialism.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Activities
Also discussed were questions like the eradication of racism, gender equality, HIV/AIDS and drug abuse. For example, the event featured a joint WFDY - UNESCO Conference on "the Role of Young Women in promoting culture of peace in Africa". The festival also took place on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the founding of the Organization of Caribbean and Latin American Students (OCLAE), who noted that the student federations represented in OCLAE and at the 15th world youth festival are part of an emerging anti-imperialist youth movement that is revitalizing the organization.


15th World Festival of Youth and Students, Activities
Cultural activities at the festival included a series of amateur tournaments, including football, basketball, handball, a wheelchair competition, a chess match, tennis and table tennis. A series of festivals were also held including of political song, modern music, dance and mime, traditional folklore, and of film-makers.


15th World Science Fiction Convention
The 15th World Science Fiction Convention, also known as Loncon I, was held 6–9 September 1957 at the King's Court Hotel in London, England. It was the first Worldcon held outside North America.


15th World Science Fiction Convention
The chairman was Ted Carnell. The guest of honor was John W. Campbell, Jr., the editor of Astounding magazine. Total attendance was 268. Events included a "fancy dress ball" on the evening of Friday, September 6.


15th World Science Fiction Convention, Awards
The Hugo Awards, named after Hugo Gernsback, are presented every year for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The results are based on the ballots submitted by members of the World Science Fiction Society. Other awards, including the Astounding Award for Best New Writer (since 1973; named "John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer" until 2019), are also presented at each year's Worldcon.


15th World Science Fiction Convention, Awards, Hugo Awards
Because the 1957 International Fantasy Award was being given out in London at the same time, Loncon I chose not to compete with this similar literary award, which was given to J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings. As a result, only the three Hugo Awards (above) for Best Professional Magazine and Best Fanzine were given out at the 1957 Worldcon. Both the International Fantasy Award and the Hugo Award shared the very same Chesley Bonestell-influenced finned rocketship design that year, the only time this has happened.


15th World Scout Jamboree
The 15th World Scout Jamboree was held in 1983 and was hosted by Canada at Kananaskis, Alberta, an area of Provincial Park 4,000 feet in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, 80 miles west of Calgary, Alberta. The Spirit Lives On was the theme of the World Jamboree, with a total attendance of over 15,000 Scouts from nearly 100 countries.


15th World Scout Jamboree
The name of the Jamboree refers to the idea that Scouting, and its spirit of international brotherhood, could overcome difficulties such as those which caused the cancellation of the 1979 Jamboree four years earlier.


15th World Scout Jamboree
The wild feel of the camp was enhanced by regular visits from bears and moose, which would wander in and out of the area.


15th World Scout Jamboree (cancelled)
The 15th World Scout Jamboree was scheduled to be held 15–23 July 1979 and was to be hosted by Iran at Nishapur, but was cancelled due to the Iranian Revolution which took place in 1979.


15th World Scout Jamboree (cancelled)
The 15th World Jamboree was to be held at the 10 square kilometre Omar Khayyám Scout Park, near the Afghanistan and Soviet Turkmanistan borders. The Second Asia-Pacific Jamboree was held at the site in preparation, in the summer of 1977.


15th World Scout Jamboree (cancelled)
However, the destabilizing events of the Islamic Revolution caused the 15th World Jamboree to be cancelled near the end of 1978. Instead, the World Organization of the Scout Movement announced the "World Jamboree Year" by holding several international World Jamboree Year camps in Australia, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States that took up the momentum. However, a number of commemorative items had already been made for the event, the demand for which and the value of which was greatly inflated by the Jamboree's cancellation. The few items of memorabilia in existence are of huge value to collectors when they, albeit rarely, come on the market.


15th World Scout Jamboree (cancelled)
The next Jamboree, hosted by Canada in 1983, was named The Spirit Lives On to show how Scouting's spirit of international brotherhood could overcome the setback of cancelling the 1979 Jamboree.


15th Writers Guild of America Awards
The 15th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film writers and television writers of 1962. Winners were announced in 1963.


15th Yokohama Film Festival
The 15th Yokohama Film Festival (第15回ヨコハマ映画祭) was held on 13 February 1994 in Kannai Hall, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.


15th Youth in Film Awards
The 15th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television and theatre for the 1992-1993 season, and took place on February 5, 1994, at the Sportsmen's Lodge in Studio City, California.


15th Youth in Film Awards
Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Youth in Film Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture: Drama
★  (tie) Edward Furlong - A Home of Our Own (Gramercy Pictures)★  (tie) Jason James Richter - Free Willy (Warner Bros)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture: Comedy
★  (tie) Thora Birch - Hocus Pocus (Walt Disney Pictures)★  (tie) Christina Vidal - Life with Mikey (Touchstone Pictures)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Youth Actress Co-Starring in a Motion Picture: Drama
★ Reese Witherspoon - Jack the Bear (20th Century Fox)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Youth Actress Under 10 in a Motion Picture
★ Melanie Chang - The Joy Luck Club (Hollywood Pictures)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a TV Movie, Mini-Series or Special, Best Youth Actress in a TV Mini-Series, Movie of the Week, or Special
★ Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen - Double, Double, Toil and Trouble (ABC)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Series, Best Youth Actor Guest-Starring in a Television Show
★ Adam Wylie - The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. (FOX)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Series, Best Youth Actress Guest-Starring in a Television Show
★ Courtney Peldon - Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (ABC)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Series, Best Youth Actor Under 10 in a Television Series or Show
★  (tie) Jonathan Hernandez - General Hospital (ABC)★  (tie) Shawn Toovey - Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (CBS)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Series, Best Youth Actress Under 10 in a Television Series or Show
★  (tie) Ashley Johnson - Phenom (ABC)★  (tie) Ashley Peldon - Shameful Secrets (ABC)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Voice Over Role, Best Youth Actress in a Voice-Over Role: TV or Movie
★ Anndi McAfee - Tom and Jerry: The Movie (Miramax)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Ensemble Performance, Outstanding Youth Ensemble in a Television Series
★ Home Improvement (ABC) - Zachery Ty Bryan, Taran Noah Smith, and Jonathan Taylor Thomas


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Ensemble Performance, Outstanding Youth Ensemble in a Cable or Off-Prime Time Series
★ Kids Incorporated (Disney Channel) - Eric Balfour Nicole Brown, Jared Delgin, Kenny Ford, Love Hewitt, Anastasia Horne, and Haylie Johnson


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Ensemble Performance, Outstanding Youth Ensemble in a Motion Picture
★ The Sandlot (20th Century Fox) - Brandon Quintin Adams, Victor DiMattia, Grant Gelt, Tom Guiry, Chauncey Leopardi, Shane Obedzinski, Patrick Renna, Mike Vitar, and Marty York


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in Live Theatre, Best Youth Actor in Live Theatre
★ J. D. Daniels - Conversations with My Father (Los Angeles)


15th Youth in Film Awards, Best Family Entertainment, Outstanding Youth Mini-Video Series
★ Karate for Kids (Bright Ideas Productions) - Brandon Gaines, Erika Nenekervis, Terri Tseng, Niven Shan, and Joshua Walker


15th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Former Child Star - Life Achievement Award
★ Shelley Fabares - The Donna Reed Show★ Jimmy Hawkins - It's A Wonderful Life


15th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, The Music Award of Merit
★ Gail Purse - Producer for Disney's Young Musicians Symphony Orchestra


15th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Family Classic Award
★ Al Burton - Producer of The New Lassie Series


15th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Outstanding Youth Actors in a Family Foreign Film
★ Ruaidhri Conroy and Ciarán Fitzgerald (Ireland) - Into the West


15th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Outstanding Family Foreign Film
★ Into the West (Ireland) - Directed by Mike Newell


15th arrondissement of Marseille
The 15th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille. It is governed locally together with the 16th arrondissement, with which it forms the 8th sector of Marseille.


15th arrondissement of Paris
The 15th arrondissement of Paris (XVe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as quinzième.


15th arrondissement of Paris
The arrondissement, called Vaugirard, is situated on the left bank of the River Seine. Sharing the Montparnasse district with the 6th and 14th arrondissements, it is the city's most populous arrondissement. The Tour Montparnasse – the tallest skyscraper in Paris – and the neighbouring Gare Montparnasse are both located in the 15th arrondissement, at its border with the 14th. It is also home to the convention center Paris expo Porte de Versailles and the high-rise district of the Front de Seine (or Beaugrenelle). In 2020, the 180 meters high Tour Triangle will house a 120-room hotel and 70,000 square metres of office space.


15th arrondissement of Paris, History
The loi du 16 juin 1859 decreed the annexation to Paris of the area between the old Wall of the Ferme générale and the wall of Thiers. The communes of Grenelle, Vaugirard, and Javel were incorporated into Paris in 1860.


15th arrondissement of Paris, History
Charles Michels (b. 1903), was elected Député for the 15th arrondissement by the Popular Front; He was taken hostage and shot by the Nazis in 1941.


15th arrondissement of Paris, Quarters
As in all the Parisian arrondissements, the fifteenth is made up of four administrative quarters (quartiers).


15th arrondissement of Paris, Quarters
The early airfield here has been encroached upon by urban development and a sports centre, but the residual area, mainly laid to grass, continues to serve Paris as a heliport. The Sécurité Civile has a detachment there close to maintenance facilities. Customs facilities are available and especially busy during the Salon d'Aeronautique airshows held at Le Bourget on the other side of the city.


15th arrondissement of Paris, Geography
The 15th arrondissement is located in the south-western part of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine. It includes one of the three islands in Paris, the Île aux Cygnes.


15th arrondissement of Paris, Geography
At 8.5 km2 (3.28 sq. miles, or 2,100 acres), it is the third largest arrondissement in Paris, and would be the largest if the large parks Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes were not counted as part of the 16th and 12th arrondissements.


15th arrondissement of Paris, Demography
The peak of population of Paris's 15th arrondissement occurred in 1962, when it had 250,551 inhabitants. Since then it has lost approximately one-tenth of its population, but it remains the most populous arrondissement of Paris, with 225,362 inhabitants at the last census in 1999. With 144,667 jobs at the same census, the 15th is also very dense in business activities. This arrondissement is home to many families and is known in Paris as one of the quietest sections in Paris. The majority of the arrondissement is relatively unfrequented by tourists, a rarity for one of the world's most visited cities.


15th arrondissement of Paris, Demography, Immigration
2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.


15th century
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian dates from January 1, 1401 (MCDI) to December 31, 1500 (MD).


15th century
In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy.


15th century
Constantinople, known as the Capital of the World and the Capital of the Byzantine Empire (today's Turkey), fell to the emerging Muslim Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the tremendously influential Byzantine Empire and, for some historians, the end of the Middle Ages. This led to the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy, while Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the mechanical movable type began the printing press. These two events played key roles in the development of the Renaissance.


15th century
The Roman Papacy was split in two parts in Europe for decades (the so-called Western Schism), until the Council of Constance. The division of the Catholic Church and the unrest associated with the Hussite movement would become factors in the rise of the Protestant Reformation in the following century. Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus) became dissolved through the Christian Reconquista, followed by the forced conversions and the Muslim rebellion, ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule and returning Spain, Portugal and Southern France to Christian rulers.


15th century
The search for the wealth and prosperity of India's Bengal Sultanate led to the colonization of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and the Portuguese voyages by Vasco da Gama, which linked Europe with the Indian subcontinent, ushering the period of Iberian empires.


15th century
The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century.


15th century
In Asia, the Timurid Empire collapsed, and the Afghan Pashtun Lodi dynasty was founded under the Delhi Sultanate. Under the rule of the Yongle Emperor, who built the Forbidden City and commanded Zheng He to explore the world overseas, the Ming Dynasty's territory reached its pinnacle.


15th century
In Africa, the spread of Islam lead to the destruction of the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, by the end of the century, leaving only Alodia (which was to collapse in 1504). The formerly vast Mali Empire teetered on the brink of collapse, under pressure from the rising Songhai Empire.


15th century
In the Americas, both the Inca Empire and the Aztec Empire reached the peak of their influence, but the European colonization of the Americas changed the course of modern history.


15th century BC
The 15th century BC is a century which lasted from 1500 BC to 1401 BC.


15th century BC, Events
c. 1460 BC: The Kassites overrun Babylonia and found a dynasty there that lasts for 576 years and nine months.


15th century BC, Sovereign states
See : List of sovereign states in the 15th century BC.


15th century in South Africa, Events, 1480s
In 1487-87, Bartolomeu Dias (or Bartholomew Dias) a Portuguese navigator sailed south along the coast of Southern Africa as far as the Orange River, was blown out to sea and made landfall at Mossel Bay and Algoa Bay. But at the Fish River his men refused to go any further. He sailed round the Cape of Good Hope, named by either Dias or his patron, King John II of Portugal for the “great hope it gave of discovering the Indies”.


15th century in South Africa, Events, 1490s
In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama a Portuguese navigator sighted land at St. Helena Bay, doubled the Cape, passed up the coast of Natal at Christmastide and named it, and reached Arab Mozambique. He had discovered a route to India. His patron was the successor to John II, Manuel the Fortunate.


15th century in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the century 1401–1500 to Wales and its people.


15th century in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 15th century.


15th century in philosophy
This is a list of philosophy-related events in the 15th century.


15th century in philosophy, Bibliography
This philosophy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


15th district of Budapest
Rákospalota, Újpalota, Pestújhely,  15th District the 15th district of Budapest, Hungary.


15th district of Budapest, Sport
The association football club, Rákospalotai EAC, is based in Rákospalota.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival
The 15th edition of Mawazine Festival, an international music festival held annually in the Moroccan capital of Rabat, took place from 20 May to 28 May 2016.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, OLM Souissi stage
The R&B singer Chris Brown opened the festival in OLM Souissi stage, May 20. Followed by, the next day, the Australian rapper Iggy Azalea who performed for 90 000 fans. The French pop star Maître Gims, Wyclef Jean, Shaggy, Pitbull, and Kendji Girac have also performed on the stage. But the most attended shows in OLM Souissi stage were: Hardwell's and Christina Aguilera's, with 180 000 and 250 000 people attending respectively. Also, Christina Aguilera's show happened to be the most attended show of a female western entertainer.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, Nahda stage
Diana Haddad opened the festival in the Nahda stage, in front of thousands of fans. Melhem Barakat, Hatem Al-Iraqi, Yara, and Saber Rebaï have all performed later on the stage.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, Nahda stage
Myriam Fares gave her first performance in the festival on the Nahda stage after giving birth to her son. Sherine also gave a performance after announcing earlier that she would retire. Assi El Helani performed in front of 80 000 fans in the same stage, and Saad Lamjarred also performed, Friday, May 27 for 140 000 fans.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, Bouragrag stage
Rokia Traoré, Marcus Miller, Bombino, Faiz Ali Faiz, Ernest Ranglin & Friends, The Afrobeat Experience, Omar Sosa & Friends, National Orchestra of Barbes all performed in the Bouragrag stage. Mokhtar Samba closed the festival Saturday, May 28.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, Salé stage
The stage welcomed mostly Moroccan artists, with live performances from Hatim Idar, Mohammed Reda, Zinab Oussama, DJ K-Rim, Rhany, Saïda Fikri, Ahouzar, the Amazigh diva Fatima Tachtoukt, Najat Tazi, the Tangaoui pop singer Aminux, Sami Ray, Kader Japonais, the Moroccan band Hoba Hoba Spirit, Gabacho Maroc, Darga, Alamri, Chaabi singers Hajib and Abdelaziz Stati, Moroccan rappers Muslim, H-Kayne and H-name, Douzi, Rachid Berriah, Rachid Casta, Bilal El Maghribi and Hamid El Mardi. But the highlight of the stage was the Moroccan Chaâbi singer Najat Aatabou, who set a record for the most attended show of a female entertainer ever, with more than 300 000 people attending.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, Chellah stage
Alireza Ghorbani, Noëmie Waysfeld, Kakushin Nishihara and Gaspar Claus, The Musicians of Cairo, Souffles Quartet, Antonio Castrignanò, Ines Bacán, Majid Bekkas, and Pedro Soler have all performed in the Chellah stage.


15th edition of Mawazine Festival, Théatre Mohammed V
Kadhim Al-Sahir opened the Mawazine festival in Théatre Mohammed V with a sold-out show. Alma de Tango, Le Trio Joubran, Natacha Atlas, Qawwali Flamenco, Imany, Paco Renteria, El Gusto, and Safwan Bahlawan also performed in the stage.


15th government of Turkey
The 15th government of Turkey (7 August 1946 – 10 September 1947) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the Peker government.


15th government of Turkey, Background
Although Republican People's Party (CHP) won the elections held on 21 July, prime minister Şükrü Saracoğlu of CHP announced that he would not continue for another term of premiership due to health problems. Recep Peker, who was the Minister of Interior in Saracoğlu government, was assigned to form the government.


15th government of Turkey, The government
In the list below, the  cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".


15th government of Turkey, Aftermath
Following a harsh discussions in the parliament between Recep Peker and Adnan Menderes of the Democrat Party, Recep Peker resigned.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic
The 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic (French: XVe législature de la Cinquième République française) is a parliamentary cycle that commenced on 21 June 2017 following the legislative elections on 11 and 18 June 2017. The party of the president Emmanuel Macron, La République En Marche! (LREM), obtained an absolute majority of 308 deputies, alongside its ally, the Democratic Movement (MoDem), which secured 42 seats. The new deputies elected François de Rugy the President of the National Assembly when it first convened on 27 June. The legislative elections saw a record level of renewal, with only a quarter of deputies elected in 2012 also elected in 2017, and a significant increase in the representation of women and youth. With 7 planned parliamentary groups, it would be the most fragmented assembly since 1958.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
A record number and proportion of women were elected in the legislative elections, with 224 in total representing 38.8% of the National Assembly. This was an 11.9 percentage point increase over the previous legislature in which 155 women were elected deputies, representing 26.9% of the composition.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
The average age of deputies in the 15th legislature was also significantly lower than that of the previous, at 48 years and 240 days compared to the previous legislature at 53 years and 195 days. The number of deputies under 30 years old soared from 4 to 29, while the number from 30 to 49 years old increased from 197 to 271, and the number of deputies between 60 and 69 years old was halved from 171 to 87.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
Higher professions continued to remain dominant in the assembly despite these changes.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
The legislative elections also saw a massive degree of renewal, with only a quarter of deputies elected in 2012 being re-elected in 2017; of the 354 outgoing deputies who stood for re-election, only 148 won. A total of 429 deputies elected to the 15th legislature were not elected in 2012. The renewal can be explained in part by the large number of outgoing deputies who did not seek to retain their seat: 223 deputies, representing 39% of the assembly. Of the 354 who did present themselves, 125 were eliminated in the first round on 11 June, 81 were defeated in the second round, and 148 were re-elected.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Changes in composition
Members of the National Assembly who join the government are required to give up their seats to their substitutes (suppléants) a month after their appointment, as stipulated in the constitution. Should ministers quit the government, they recover their seat in the National Assembly from their substitute a month after their resignation. By-elections are held in the event of the annulation of electoral results or vacancies caused by resignations (in most circumstances not those related to the death of a deputy, in which case the substitute takes the seat if possible), except within the year before legislative elections.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Changes in composition
The appointment of the Philippe I government obligated several appointed ministers to give up their seats in the National Assembly to their substitutes: specifically, Minister of Economy and Finance Bruno Le Maire (Eure's 1st constituency) in favor of Séverine Gipson; Secretary of State for the Digital Sector Mounir Mahjoubi (Paris's 16th constituency) in favor of Delphine O; Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Marielle de Sarnez (Paris's 11th constituency) in favor of Maud Gatel; Minister of Territorial Cohesion Richard Ferrand (Finistère's 6th constituency) in favor of Lætitia Dolliou; Minister for Overseas France Annick Girardin (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon's 1st constituency) in favor of Stéphane Claireaux; and Secretary of State for Relations with Parliament and Government Spokesman Christophe Castaner (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence's 2nd constituency) in favor of Emmanuelle Fontaine-Domeizel. Following a reshuffle and the formation of the Philippe II government, Ferrand took his seat after his ephemeral ministerial tenure, as did de Sarnez after her departure from the government.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Election of the President of the National Assembly
The election of the President of the National Assembly occurred on 27 June at 15:00 CEST at the Palais Bourbon. The election, conducted by secret ballot, was presided over by the oldest member of the National Assembly (Bernard Brochant, LR), assisted by the six youngest deputies in the National Assembly, who serve as secretaries, namely, Ludovic Pajot, Typhanie Degois, Lénaïck Adam, Pierre Henriet, Robin Reda, and Bénédicte Peyrol. If, after two rounds, no candidate receives an absolute majority of votes, only a relative majority is required for election in the third ballot.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Election of the President of the National Assembly
Though the government indicated its preference for a politician from the right to take the position, a number of members of La République En Marche! voiced support for electing a president from among their ranks. Emmanuel Macron has also indicated a preference for a woman to become president of the assembly. Deputies named as ministers may not participate in the election of the president of the assembly, and their substitutes are only seated a month after the formation of the government (21 July).


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Election of the President of the National Assembly
Three deputies under the LREM label sought to seek the election as President of the National Assembly. After his re-election in Loire-Atlantique's 1st constituency on 18 June, the ecologist François de Rugy announced his intention to seek the presidency of the assembly, having made known his intentions to Macron. The candidacies of Sophie Errante and Brigitte Bourguignon were revealed discreetly on 23 June; both women served a single term after elected under the Socialist label in the 2012 legislative elections.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Election of the President of the National Assembly
LR deputy Jean-Charles Taugourdeau also presented himself as a candidate "for the form", according to the entourage of the Christian Jacob, the president of The Republicans group, in addition to Laure de la Raudière for the "constructives" group, Laurence Dumont for the "New Left" (former socialist) group, and Caroline Fiat for the FI group.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Election of the President of the National Assembly
The LREM candidate François de Rugy was designated by a vote of members; with 301 votes, a total of 153 votes were cast for de Rugy, 59 for Errante, 54 for Bourguignon, 32 for Philippe Folliot (whose candidacy was announced on 27 June by government spokesman Christophe Castaner), 2 blank votes, and 1 null vote. De Rugy was ultimately elected president of the assembly with 353 votes, against 94 for Taugourdeau, 34 for de La Raudière, 32 for Dumont, and 30 for Fiat, with 567 votes of which 543 were expressed.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Parliamentary groups
Parliamentary groups had until 26 June to elect their presidents, and on 27 June political groups were officially registered within the National Assembly through the rendering of a political declaration signed by each of its members. With 7 parliamentary groups, this National Assembly would be the most fragmented since 1958.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Parliamentary groups
The Democratic Movement (MoDem) sought to form its own group in the National Assembly independent of that of La République En Marche!, with more than the 15 seats required to form a parliamentary group. The French Communist Party and la France Insoumise, which failed to secure an alliance during the preceding legislative elections, also chose to form independent groups in the National Assembly, with André Chassaigne of the PCF announcing the continuation of the previous group on 21 June, including 11 of its own deputies and 4 from overseas France, but without opposition to the FI group. Jean-Luc Mélenchon's demand to impose voting discipline and an obligation to respect the program of his movement prevented the creation of a common group.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Parliamentary groups
In the aftermath of the legislative elections, the split between Macron-compatible "constructives" within the Republicans (LR) and the rest of the party re-emerged. On 21 June, Thierry Solère announced the creation of a new common group in the National Assembly with the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) likely to contain 18 UDI and about 15 LR deputies. The formation of two parliamentary groups on the right represented a symbolic divorce to the two threads on the right (the moderates and the hardliners) and the end of the old Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) which had been created in 2002 to unite the right and centre.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Parliamentary groups
On 21 June, Christian Jacob was re-elected to lead the Republicans group with 62 votes against Damien Abad with 32 votes.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Parliamentary groups
Olivier Faure was re-elected as president of the New Left group on 22 June with 28 votes against Delphine Batho with 3 votes, Richard Ferrand was elected president of the La République En Marche group on 24 June with 306 votes and 2 abstentions, Marc Fesneau was unanimously elected president of the Democratic Movement group on 25 June with 42 votes, Mélenchon was unanimously elected president of la France insoumise group on 27 June, the "constructives" group selected Franck Riester (LR) and Stéphane Demilly (UDI) as co-chairs, and the GDR will continue to be presided over by André Chassaigne.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Bureau of the National Assembly
The National Assembly elected six vice presidents, three quaestors, and twelve secretaries on 30 October 2018.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Presidencies of committees
The presidencies of the eight standing committees was divided between the political groups on 29 June.


15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Vote of confidence
In the vote of confidence in the new government on 4 July 2017, 370 voted in favor, 67 opposed, and 129 abstained, representing a record level of abstention and the lowest level of opposition since 1959.


15th meridian east
The meridian 15° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


15th meridian east
The 15th meridian east forms a great circle with the 165th meridian west.


15th meridian east
The meridian is the central axis of Central European Time.


15th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 15th meridian east passes through:


15th meridian west
The meridian 15° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


15th meridian west
The 15th meridian west forms a great circle with the 165th meridian east.


15th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 15th meridian west passes through:


15th of May (city)
15th of May City (Arabic: مدينة 15 مايو) is a city of eastern Helwan, Egypt, and is part of Greater Cairo. It was established in 1978, and is located south of the Nile Delta and east of central Helwan City. It was constructed to solve the problem of insufficient accommodation.


15th of May (city), Name
The name was chosen to immortalize the memory of the Corrective Revolution (launched as the "Corrective Movement"), a reform program (officially just a change in policy) launched on 15 May 1971 by President Anwar Sadat. It involved purging Nasserist members of the government and security forces, often considered pro-Soviet and left-wing, and drumming up popular support by presenting the takeover as a continuation of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, while at the same time radically changing track on issues of foreign policy, economy, and ideology. Sadat's Corrective Revolution also included the imprisonment of other political forces in Egypt, including liberals and Islamists.


15th of May (city), Geography
The City of 15th of May is located in the south east of the city of Helwan.


15th of May (city), Geography, Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), as the rest of Egypt. Due to its closeness to Helwan, it has very similar averages.


15th of May (city), Economy, Industry
The city of 15th of May has a group of factories for many products.


15th of May (city), Economy, Trading
15th of May city has several shopping malls, supermarkets and shops.


15th of May (city), Education
The city has a group of schools such as the El Mostaqbal school.


15th of May (city), Education, Higher Education
The Higher Institute of Engineering is the most important educational foundation in the city.


15th parallel north
The 15th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 15 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Saharan fringe (the Sahel) in Africa, three key peninsulars of Asia (between which parts of the Indian Ocean), the Pacific Ocean, an isthmus of Central America, the southern Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean.


15th parallel north
In the Chadian-Libyan conflict of 1978 to 1987, its intra-Chad part came to be known as the "Red Line", separating opposing combatants, above all in Operation Manta.


15th parallel north
At this latitude the sun is visible for 13 hours, 1 minute during the summer solstice and 11 hours, 14 minutes during the winter solstice.


15th parallel north, Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 15° north passes through:


15th parallel south
The 15th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 15 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.


15th parallel south, Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 15° south passes through:


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars
The 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of the 15th The King's Hussars and the 19th Royal Hussars in 1922 and, after service in the Second World War, it was amalgamated with the 13th/18th Royal Hussars to form the Light Dragoons in 1992.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Second World War
The regiment was created, as part of the reduction in cavalry in the aftermath of the First World War, by the amalgamation of the 15th The King's Hussars and the 19th Royal Hussars on 11 April 1922 to form the 15th/19th Hussars. It briefly dropped the 19th numeral from its title in October 1932, becoming the 15th The King's Royal Hussars, before regaining it in December 1933.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Second World War
At the outbreak of the Second World War, the regiment was based at York, serving as the divisional reconnaissance regiment for the 3rd Infantry Division. The regiment was deployed with the division as part of the British Expeditionary Force, and fought in the Battle of France: it suffered heavy losses during the German advance and, having left all its armour and vehicles behind, took part in the Dunkirk evacuation.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Second World War
Following the withdrawal, the regiment was assigned to the 3rd Motor Machine Gun Brigade, which was redesignated as the 28th Armoured Brigade and assigned to the 9th Armoured Division. A cadre was detached to form the 23rd Hussars in December 1940. The regiment remained in the United Kingdom until August 1944, when it was dispatched to France to serve as the divisional reconnaissance regiment for the 11th Armoured Division.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Post war
The Regiment was deployed to Palestine in December 1945 and then to Sudan in November 1947. It moved to Knightsbridge Barracks in Lübeck in October 1949 and to McLeod Barracks in Neumünster in November 1951. It became the recce regiment for 7th Armoured Division and relocated to Combermere Barracks in Wesendorf in March 1953. In June 1954, it deployed to Malaya, with regimental headquarters and one squadron based at Ipoh and the other squadrons at Taiping and Raub, during the Malayan Emergency. In June 1957, a troop was deployed to Muscat during the Jebel Akhdar War. The regiment then joined 39th Infantry Brigade, moving to Lisanelly Camp in Omagh in August 1957 and then became an armoured car training regiment based at Deerbolt Camp near Barnard Castle in May 1959.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Post war
The regiment re-roled as a nuclear escort regiment based at Swinton Barracks in Munster in September 1961 and then moved to Bhurtpore Barracks at Tidworth Camp in January 1968. It returned to West Germany, where it joined 11th Infantry Brigade and moved to Wessex Barracks in Bad Fallingbostel in November 1969. It became the garrisoned regiment at Long Kesh in August 1971, following the introduction of internment of Provisional Irish Republican Army suspects. It transferred to Lisanelly Camp in Omagh in November 1974.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Post war
It then moved to a recce role, equipped with Scorpion and Fox, for 5th Infantry Brigade based at Aliwal Barracks in Tidworth Camp in May 1976; from there it deployed squadrons for the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. During this period, one squadron was deployed to Cyprus, equipped with Ferret Scout Cars, to serve as the resident armoured car squadron.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, History, Post war
In September 1977, the regiment was deployed back to Germany, where it was assigned to the 3rd Armoured Division and based at Alanbrooke Barracks in Paderborn: from there it continued to send units to Northern Ireland as part of Operation Banner and undertook guarding duties at the Maze Prison. In November 1984, the main body of the Regiment returned to England as the Royal Armoured Corps Training Regiment at Bovington Camp in Dorset, although a squadron was again deployed to Cyprus, equipped with Ferret Scout Cars, to serve as the resident armoured car squadron. As part of the post-Cold War defence reforms, the regiment was amalgamated with the 13th/18th Royal Hussars to form the Light Dragoons on 1 December 1992.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, Regimental museum
The regimental collection is held by the Discovery Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne.


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were those of its predecessor regiments plus:


15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars, In popular culture
"A" Squadron of the 15th/19th Hussars appears in Episode 4 "Replacements" of the TV miniseries Band of Brothers during the assault on Nuenen.


15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism
Autocephaly recognized universally de facto,  by some Autocephalous Churches de jure: