11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Training and first inactivation
As the American Army began to restructure its organization (known as the Pentomic Concept), the battalions of the 187th were reorganized as Airborne Battle Groups. In early 1957 the lineage of Company A, 187th AIR was redesignated as HHC, 1st Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry and administratively transferred (less personnel and equipment) to Augsburg to join its former parent formation, where it was formed from the existing personnel and equipment of the 11th Airborne Division.


11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Training and first inactivation
HHC, 2d Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry, formed from the lineage of Company B, 187th AIR remained with the 101st until 1964 while the 3d Battalion was inactivated. The 11th Division was itself inactivated in Augsburg on 1 July 1958, being reorganized and reflagged as the 24th Infantry Division. The 1st ABG, 187th Infantry and the 1st ABG, 503d Infantry, retrained their Airborne designations and jump status within the 24th until both groups rotated back to the US for assignment to the 82d Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, NC.


11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Reactivation (11th Air Assault Division) and inactivation
In the early 1960s, the United States Army began to explore alternative means for conducting future combat operations. One of the many ideas resulting from that effort was the concept of helicopter assault. To test this concept's feasibility, the 11th Airborne Division was reactivated on 1 February 1963 and redesignated as the 11th Air Assault Division (Test). This was done on the recommendation of the U.S. Army Tactical Mobility Requirements Board, also known as the 'Howze Board' after its president Lieutenant General Hamilton H. Howze.


11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Reactivation (11th Air Assault Division) and inactivation
The 11th never existed as a full division during the test period. Although the intent was to create three air assault brigades, the reality was an air assault brigade (which was also parachute-qualified), an airmobile brigade, and both ground and air artillery elements (the air artillery was provided by armed helicopters known as ARA). There was also an aviation group to control the helicopters assigned to the division - the 11th Aviation Group, consisting of the 227th, 228th, and 229th Aviation Battalions. Elements of its original combat units – the 187th Infantry, the 188th Infantry and the 511th Infantry were also reformed under the new division.


11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Reactivation (11th Air Assault Division) and inactivation
For the next two years, the 11th Air Assault Division developed and refined air assault tactics and the equipment required to operate effectively in the role. The 187th and 188th tested helicopters during various exercises, ranging from command and control maneuvers to scouting, screening and aerial resupply, to assess their ability to perform as combat aircraft. However, the division was inactivated for the final time on 29 June 1965.


11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Reactivation (11th Air Assault Division) and inactivation
The colors and subordinate unit designations of the 1st Cavalry Division were transferred from its post in Korea to Fort Benning, Georgia, where they were used to reflag the 11th Air Assault Division and the 2d Infantry Division into the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). Concurrently, the personnel and equipment of the 1st Cavalry Division, which remained in Korea, were reflagged as the 2d Infantry Division.


11th Airborne Division (United States), Post-World War II, Air Assault Badge
An earlier predecessor to the current Air Assault Badge was worn by troops of 11th who qualified for it by making three helicopter rappels from 60 feet (18 m) and three from 120 feet (37 m). Soldiers were also required to be knowledgeable of aircraft safety procedures; familiar with aircraft orientation; proficient in hand and arm signals and combat assault operations; able to prepare, inspect and rig equipment for external sling loads; and able to lash down equipment inside helicopters. The badge was first awarded in early 1964 and was only authorized for wear by soldiers within the 11th.


11th Airborne Division Artillery
The 11th Airborne Division Artillery is an inactive field artillery unit of the United States Army. The unit served with the 11th Airborne Division in the Pacific Theater during World War II, in Germany and the United States during the early Cold War before inactivating in 1958. Reactivated from 1963-65, the unit tested the air mobility concepts at Fort Benning, Georgia, before inactivating again.


11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron
The British 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron  also called Eleventh Aircraft Carrier Squadron was a military formation of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy from 1 March 1945 to December 1945.


11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron, History
The 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron was established 1 March 1945 and assigned to the British Pacific Fleet until December 1945 when it was disbanded.


11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron, Composition 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron
: 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron; British Pacific Fleet March to  December 1945


11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron, Sources
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11th Airlift Flight
The 11th Airlift Flight is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last active as part of the 55th Operations Group at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, where it was inactivated in April 1997.


11th Airlift Flight, History, World War II
Established as part of the Army Air Corps in January 1938 at Olmsted Field, Pennsylvania but not activated until 1 December 1940. Not equipped or manned. Unit designation transferred to Westover Field, Massachusetts, but not equipped or manned until after the Pearl Harbor Attack. Equipped with Douglas C-47 Skytrain transports and trained for combat resupply and casualty evacuation mission.


11th Airlift Flight, History, World War II
Was ordered deployed to England, assigned to Eighth Air Force in June 1942. Assigned fuselage code 7D. Performed intro-theater transport flights of personnel, supply and equipment within England during summer and fall of 1942, reassigned to Twelfth Air Force after Operation Torch invasion of North Africa, stationed at Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria. In combat, performed resupply and evacuation missions across Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia during North African Campaign. During June 1943, the unit began training with gliders in preparation for Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily. It towed gliders to Syracuse, Sicily and dropped paratroopers at Catania during the operation. After moving to Sicily, the squadron airdropped supplies to escaped prisoners of war in Northern Italy in October. Operated from Sicily until December until moving to Italian mainland in December.


11th Airlift Flight, History, World War II
Supported Italian Campaign during the balance of 1944 supporting partisans in the Balkans. Its unarmed aircraft flew at night over uncharted territory, landing at small unprepared airfields to provide guns, ammunition, clothing, medical supplies, gasoline, and mail to the partisans. It even carried jeeps and mules as cargo. On return trips it evacuated wounded partisans, evadees and escaped prisoners. These operations earned the squadron the Distinguished Unit Citation. It also dropped paratroopers at Megava, Greece in October 1944 and propaganda leaflets in the Balkans in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations until end of combat in Europe, May, 1945.


11th Airlift Flight, History, World War II
After hostilities ended, was transferred to Waller Field, Trinidad attached to the Air Transport Command Transported personnel and equipment from Brazil to South Florida along the South Atlantic Air Transport Route. Squadron picked up personnel and equipment in Brazil or bases in Northern South America with final destination being Miami Army Air Field, Boca Raton Army Air Field or Morrison Fields in south Florida.


11th Airlift Flight, History, European airlift operations
Was reassigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), September 1946, performing intratheater cargo flights based at Munich-Riem Airport. Transferred to Kaufbeuren Air Base when Reim Airport was closed. Was re-equipped with Douglas C-54 Skymaster aircraft and deployed to RAF Fassberg during 1948 Berlin Airlift. Flew continuous missions across hostile Soviet Zone of Germany in Berlin Air Corridor, transporting supplies and equipment to airports in West Berlin, 1948-1949. Later operated from Rhein-Main Air Base and Wiesbaden Air Base in American Zone of Occupation, later West Germany until blockade ended. Remained as part of USAFE until 1961, being upgraded to Fairchild C-82 Packet and later Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar transports as part of USAFE 322d Air Division based in West Germany and France. Inactivated as part of downsizing of USAFE bases in France, 1961.


11th Airlift Flight, History, Operational support airlift
The squadron was redesignated the 11th Airlift Flight and activated at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska to provide operational support airlift with Learjet C-21s, primarily for senior members of United States Strategic Command. It was inactivated in April 1997, when Air Mobility Command assumed responsibility for this mission and its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 311th Airlift Flight, which was simultaneously activated.


11th Airlift Flight, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


11th Airlift Squadron
The 11th Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force  unit. It was most recently part of the 375th Airlift Wing as Scott Air Force Base, Illinois. It operated McDonnell Douglas C-9 Nightingale aircraft conducting medical evacuation missions.


11th Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
The first predecessor of the squadron was organized in April 1942 at  Hensley Field, Texas as the 11th Air Corps Ferrying Squadron and assigned to the Middle West Sector of Air Corps Ferrying Command's Domestic Wing. Hensley, located in Grand Prairie, Texas was the location of a Chance Vought Aircraft factory, and a short distance from Fort Worth Army Air Field, where Consolidated Aircraft had a plant. The 11th ferried aircraft from the factories to modification centers and operational units mostly within the Continental United States from, April 1942-March 1944.


11th Airlift Squadron, History, Aeromedical airlift
In 1956, Military Air Transport Service replaced its table of distribution (4-digit) aeromedical evacuation units with permanent units. As part of this action, the 1731st Air Transport Squadron (Aeromedical Evacuation), which had been organized at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois on 1 June 1952, was discontinued and its personnel and Convair C-131 Samaritans were transferred to the newly-activated 11th Aeromedical Transport Squadron.


11th Airlift Squadron, History, Aeromedical airlift
The squadron missions included transport of wounded Afghan soldiers and civilians from 1986 to 1987."


11th Airlift Squadron, Notes, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)
The 11 Air Assault Brigade (Dutch: 11 Luchtmobiele Brigade) is the rapid light infantry brigade of the Royal Netherlands Army, focused on conducting air assault operations. Troops of the brigade are qualified to wear the maroon beret upon completion of the demanding training course, those qualified as military parachutists wear the appropriate parachutist wings. The brigade was handed the name '7 December' when the First Division 7 December was disbanded in 2004.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)
Since 2014, the brigade has been integrated into the Rapid Forces Division (German: Division Schnelle Kräfte) of the German Army. When the 11 Air Assault Brigade operates integrally with the Defence Helicopter Command (Dutch: Defensie Helikopter Commando) of the Royal Netherlands Air Force they form the 11th Air Manoeuvre Brigade (11 AMB). In 2003 in Poland (exercise Gainful Sword), 2012 in the Netherlands (exercise Peregrine Sword) and 2014 in Hungary the brigade completed its operational readiness tests to (re)apply for the "Air Assault" status. The successful qualifications demonstrated the ability to conduct a brigade-sized operation as 11 AMB.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Origins
The world's security situation changed drastically after the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. In the Netherlands, the need arose for a rapid reaction force for expeditionary operations. Consequently, the 11 Air Assault Brigade was formed in 1992. Due to the highly specialised nature of the brigade the army decided that the brigade would not rely on conscripts, but instead recruit professional soldiers from other units. After ten years of pioneering, the brigade acquired its operational readiness status in October 2003.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Origins
The emblem of 11 Air Assault Brigade is made up of a diving falcon on a maroon shield with two crossed swords underneath. The background color is related to the maroon berets worn by troops of the brigade. The maroon beret is the international standard for air landing troops. The EM stands for Expeditionare Macht, Expeditionary Force, which is a tradition derived from the emblem of the First Division 7 December.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Bosnia
During the early formation days of the brigade, the brigade provided troops for the United Nations peacekeeping mission United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), in the former Yugoslavia. These battalions, knowns as Dutchbats, were deployed between February 1994 and November 1995 and tasked to execute United Nations Security Council Resolution 819 in the Bosniak Muslim enclaves and the UN-designated "safe zone" of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Bosnia
In July 1995 as the Bosnian Serb forces, under Colonel General Ratko Mladić, came to take over the enclave, Dutchbat was vastly outnumbered and too lightly equipped to repel the heavily armed Bosnian Serb troops. Moreover, Dutchbat's requests for air support to the UNPROFOR were denied. Subsequently, the Serb forces, under Mladić's command, led Srebrenica's Bosniak male inhabitants into the mountains, where thousands of them were massacred.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Iraq
After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the UN mandated the Stablisation Force Iraq (SFIR) with maintaining public order and contributing to the training of Iraqi security forces. The Netherlands were responsible for the province of Al-Muthanna since July 2003, 11 Air Assault Brigade contributed a company to SFIR-3, and the majority of the SFIR-4 and SFIR-5 rotations between July 2004 and March 2005. Troops of the brigade were regularly confronted with firefights and IED strikes. On 10 May 2004, Sergeant First Class Dave Steensma (12 Infantry Battalion) was killed in action. The Netherlands ended its contribution to SFIR in March 2005.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Afghanistan
The Netherlands Armed Forces have had a military presence in Afghanistan since the early stages of Operation Enduring Freedom in October 2001. In December 2001, the Dutch government decided to deploy a reinforced company of approximately 200 personnel to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). For each rotation, one of the three infantry battalions of 11 Air Assault Brigade supplied a company.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Afghanistan
From 2006 onwards, the brigade regularly supploed the core fighting elements to the Battlegroups of Task Force Uruzgan, which was a joint task force of Australia and the Netherlands that was responsible for the Afghan province of Uruzgan. TFU was divided between two main locations, Kamp Holland within Multi National Base Tarin Kot in Tarin Kowt, and Camp Hadrian in Deh Rawood. The Dutch contribution to the Battlegroup of TFU always consisted of a company of 13 Infantry Battalion, in addition to other troops of the brigade.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Afghanistan
Men of the brigade were often engaged in fierce combat, including the Battle of Chora. The Netherlands lost 25 men during TFU, of which four men belonged to 11 Air Assault Brigade: Sergeant major Jos Leunissen, Sergeant Bart van Boxtel, Corporal Cor Strik, Private Tim Hoogland and Sergeant Mark Weijdt. The Netherlands ended its large-scale deployment of troops, which amounted to more than 2000 troops, in August 2010.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), History, Mali
Since 2014, the Netherlands contributed troops to the UN peacekeeping mission MINUSMA in Mali. The Dutch forces were tasked with conducting reconnaissance and gathering intelligence on the various rebel factions that were active in their sectors. After two years, during which the Korps Commandotroepen (KCT) and Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces (NLMARSOF) provided the core fighting element, troops 11 Air Assault Brigade took over these duties in December 2016. These rotations formed the Long-Range Reconnaissance Patrol Task Group Desert Falcon (LRRPTG-DF) and conducted long-range reconnaissances, dismantled hidden weapon caches and arrested combatants who were responsible for IED attacks. On 6 July 2016, two men of the brigade, Sergeant Michel Hoving and Corporal Kevin Roggeveld, were killed during a training accident with a faulty mortar. The Netherlands ended the contribution to MINUSMA in May 2019.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Tasks
The 11 Air Assault Brigade is a rapidly deployable and highly mobile force. The brigade operates either by foot, using light vehicles or using tactical or strategic airlift capablities (such as helicopters or airplanes). All the operational units of the brigade are Air Assault (AASLT)-capable. Additionally, a part of the brigade are qualified for airborne operations. This includes the 11th Infantry Battalion, one independent Infantry Company, five Reconnaissance Platoons (including the Pathfinder Platoon) and approximately one third of the combat support and combat service support units. The air manoeuvre warfare conducted by the brigade makes it especially effective for operations behind enemy lines, to swiftly gain hold of strategic locations such as bridges until being relieved by mechanised infantry and cavalry units. Therefore, the red berets are specialised in platoon- and company-sized raids.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Tasks
The brigade distinguishes a number of operational concepts. CH-47 Chinook and AS532 Cougar transport helicopters from the Defence Helicopter Command support the brigade with the transport of troops, weapons and materiel, while AH-64 Apache attack helicopters are used for reconnaissance and air support purposes. When the helicopters are deployed combinedly with infantry during an offensive operation, they qualify as air assault operations. The use of helicopters that is limited to the transport of troops merely qualifies as an airmobile operation, while combined operations with the attack helicopters qualify as air mechanised operations.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Tasks
Lastly, the operational deployment of paratroopers are called airborne operations. Moreover, the brigade is capable of operating in a motorised capacity using heavily armed, light-armoured vehicles. Troops that have undergone specialised training are qualified to assist the army's Special Operations Forces (SOF), the Korps Commandotroepen, as a designated support element. The SOF support functions as an integral part of a Special Operations Task Group (SOTG).


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Units
The 11 Air Assault Brigade consists of the following units:


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Units
All of the units of the brigade, except for the National Reserve Battalion, have demonstrated the capability to perform air assault operations, therefore the abbreviation AASLT is often added to the name of the companies or battalions.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Units
Previously, the brigade also included 11 Mortar company and 11 Air Defense company, but these were disbanded after budget cuts in April 2011. Their tasks have been taken over by the artillery and anti-aircraft artillery.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, Organisation of a battalion
An infantry battalion consists of a headquarters, three line companies and a patrol company. The infantry has a wide variety of means to performs its tasks and carries enough equipment in its backpacks to fight in the field for 72 hours. Since 2019, the 11th Infantry Battalion is airborne designated and all companies are airborne qualified. Moreover, the 12th Infantry Battalion has restructured the C and D Companies into designated SOF Support Companies. All infantry battalions are still required to perform air assault tasks on battalion and brigade level.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, Organisation of an infantry company
An infantry company consist of a headquarters platoon, three line platoons, a mortars squad, sniper squad and fire support squad. The fire support squads consist of a JTAC team and FO team. The company's size averages 130 personnel, led by a captain who is assisted by his 2IC (an experienced lieutenant), a company first sergeant and operations & training sergeant (rank of master sergeant).


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, Organisation of an infantry company
The line platoons are composed of three squads and a platoon headquarters. The three identical squads are commanded by a sergeant with a corporal as his second in command. The squad consists of eight men; two infantry sappers, two machine gunners who operate the FN Minimi light machine gun and two anti-armour gunners who operate the Panzerfaust 3 (very short-range anti-tank) and Panzerfaust 3 Dynarange (short-range anti-tank) anti-tank weapons. The platoon headquarters consist of the platoon commander (a 1st or 2nd lieutenant), the platoon sergeant (a first sergeant) and the platoon medic (a corporal).


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, Organisation of a patrol company
Since 2011, the brigade has fielded patrol companies. A patrol company consists of a headquarters platoon, two patrol platoons and a reconnaissance platoon. During deployments in Afghanistan, the need for independently operating units with high mobility and firepower arose. The light Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig vehicles from the former Staff/Anti-tank company were replaced by Mercedes-Benz 290GD 4x4s, awaiting the delivery of purpose-built vehicles.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, Organisation of a patrol company
The MB 290GD 10kN vehicles are manned by three, instead of two infantrymen and equipped with a Browning M2 .50 heavy machine gun as the main armament in addition to an FN MAG general-purpose machine gun used by the vehicle commander. The Spike medium-range anti-tank guided missiles are located on the back of the vehicles and can be deployed by an individual soldier. This set-up enables independent, rapid and offensive operations. An area can swiftly be dominated and stabilised.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, Organisation of a patrol company
The reconnaissance platoons function as the eyes and ears of the battalion commander. They are deployed behind enemy lines, often days before the main assault force arrives; they therefore play a crucial role as ISTAR components for the battalion and brigade headquarters. The reconnaissance troops are selected from within the active battalion and trained within the platoons, they are experts in infiltrations and close target reconnaissance. Their independent operational capacities are supported by use long-range communications and SF Medics, the latter being capable of providing prolonged field care if needed. All reconnaissance platoon troops are airborne qualified.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 11 Brigade Recconnaissance Squadron
The 11 Brigade Recconnaissance Squadron was formed in 2016 through the merger of the 103 Reconnaissance Squadron (Regiment Huzaren van Boreel) and the Pathfinder Platoon 'Madju' (Grenadiers' and Rifles Guard Regiment). The squadron is tasked with gathering intelligence to aid the planning process of the brigade (recces) and the marking of helicoper landing sites (HLS), drop zones (DZ) and landing zones (LZ) to enable brigade deployments. The squads feature integral specialists, such as snipers and communications specialists.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 11 Brigade Recconnaissance Squadron
The Pathfinder Platoon 'Madju' was established in 2007 and is part of the 11 Brigade Recconnaissance Squadron. The Pathfinders function as the brigade's recces, in addition to being specialised in the marking of drop zones and landing zones for helicopters and paratroopers. Moreover, they are qualified to conduct Tactical Air Landing Operations and operate. The platoon operates in small squads of 6 men, all Pathfinders are military free-fall (MFF) qualified and thus capable of conducting HAHO and HALO airborne insertions.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 11 Engineer Company
The 11 Engineer Company consist of engineer reconnaissance, advanced search teams, engineer platoons and a construction squad. The company supports the brigade with mobility and counter-mobility. Mobility support enables friendly troops to maneuver unobstructed by providing Improvised Explosive Device (IED) detection and disposal, clearing minefields or constructing bridges. Counter-mobility obstructs enemy troops by creating a range of obstacles. The company operates integrated with the infantry battalions. The engineer recces have undergone scuba diving training which enables them to operate in, and the vicinity of water. The recces and advanced search teams are part of the Engineers Advanced Reconnaissance and Search (EARS) Platoon.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 11 Maintenance Company
The 11 Maintenance Company is tasked with the maintenance and repair of motorcycles, 4x4s, trucks, armament and electronics. In addition to on-base maintenance and repairs, the company is capable of fulfilling their duties in the field. Mechanics can provide battle damage repairs close to the frontline.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 11 Supply Company
The 11 Supply Company provides the timely supply of ammunition, food, water, fuel and spare parts wherever the brigade operates. The company has access to a wide variety of vehicles for its tasks, ranging from large trucks and forklifts to the Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig. In addition, the company is tasked with managing the deployment of the brigade to areas of operations. The company has recently played a significant role in the innovation of parachute supply (cargo delivery airdrops) which did not yet exist within the Netherlands Armed Forces. It is the only independent supply company outside of the non-integrated supply battalions.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 11 Medical Company
11 Medical Company consists of a company staff, a logistic platoon and three medical platoons. The company provides all emergency, curative and preventive medical care to the brigade. A significant share of the company assets are transportable by air.


11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands), Organisation, Structure, 20 National Reserve Battalion
20 National Reserve Battalion came under the command of the 11 Air Assault Brigade in 2012. A Colonel of the western regional military command is part of the brigade staff and commands national operations in the provinces of North Holland, South Holland en Utrecht, which are all part of the area of responsibility of the 11 Air Assault Brigade. The A and D Company are based in The Hague, the B Company in Bergen, the C Company in Amsterdam, the E Company in Stroe and the F Company in Schaarsbergen


11th Alabama Infantry Regiment
The 11th Alabama Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.


11th Alabama Infantry Regiment, Service
The 11th Alabama Infantry Regiment was mustered in at Lynchburg, Virginia, on June 17, 1861. Some of the companies making up the regiment had been already in service for several months at the time of mustering. The regiment surrendered  at Appomattox Court House.


11th Alabama Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The 11th mustered 1192 men during its existence. The regiment suffered approximately 270  killed in action or mortally wounded and 200 men who died of disease, for a total of approximately 470 fatalities. An additional 170 men were discharged from the regiment and 80 were transferred to other units.


11th Alberta Legislature
The 11th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from February 17, 1949, to July 3, 1952, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1948 Alberta general election held on August 17, 1948. The Legislature officially resumed on February 17, 1949, and continued until the fifth session was prorogued on April 10, 1952 and dissolved on July 3, 1952, prior to the 1952 Alberta general election.


11th Alberta Legislature
Alberta's eleventh government was controlled by the majority Social Credit Party for the fourth time, led by Premier Ernest Manning who would go on to be the longest serving Premier in Alberta history. The Official Opposition was led by James Harper Prowse a member of the Alberta Liberal Party. The Speaker was Peter Dawson who would serve until his death during the 15th legislature on March 24, 1963.


11th Alberta Legislature
The opposition was divided between the Liberal and Co-operative Commonwealth and 2 Independents.


11th Alpini Regiment
The 11th Alpini Regiment (Italian: 11° Reggimento Alpini) is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.


11th Alpini Regiment, History, Formation
On 22 December 1935 the 11th Alpini Regiment was formed in the city of Bruneck with existing battalions from other Alpini regiments:


11th Alpini Regiment, History, Formation
On 1 January 1936 the regiment was subordinated to the newly created 5th Alpine Division "Pusteria" and sent with the division to Eritrea to fight in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War


11th Alpini Regiment, History, Ethiopia
For the war the Pusteria had been augmented by the "Exilles" and "Intra" battalions and four artillery batteries form the 1st Alpine Division "Taurinense". The Pusteria participated in all battles of the Northern Theater and the 11th regiment distinguished itself during the Battle of Amba Aradam, for which it received its first Bronze Medal of Military Valour. The division returned to the Italy in 1937 and was honored with a parade through the streets of Rome on 13 March 1937.


11th Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
After its return the regiment was reorganized, returning two battalions to their original regiments. As replacement the regiment received an existing battalion and raised another one. Thus as of 11 April 1937 the new structure of the regiment was:


11th Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
With the outbreak of World War II reserve battalions for the active battalions were formed. Named after valleys (Italian: Val) located near Bolzano, Trento, and Bassano the reserve battalions could be called up if necessary. The reserve battalions were:


11th Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
On 21 June 1940 (one day before the French surrender) the Pusteria division began to advance into southern France during the last days of the Battle of France.


11th Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
Afterwards the 11th Alpini was sent to Albania, where it participated in the Italian attack on Greece. After the German invasion of Yugoslavia the Pusteria and its units were sent to Montenegro, where the division was decimated in heavy fighting against Yugoslavian Partisans.


11th Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
In August 1942 the division was repatriated, and after two months of rest participated in Case Anton - the Axis occupation of Vichy France. Afterwards the Pusteria took up garrison duties in the southern region of Provence. After the signing of the Italian armistice with the Allies on 8 September 1943 part of the division surrendered to German forces in Southern France while other units managed to return to the Italian region of Piedmont were they disbanded.


11th Alpini Regiment, History, 1990s
With the reintroduction of the regimental level in the Italian Army in 1991/1992 the regiment was reformed on 8 August 1992 in Bruneck as part of the Alpine Brigade "Tridentina". The regiment only consisted of the "Trento" battalion. Battalion and regiment were dissolved on 18 March 2002.


11th Alpini Regiment, Structure
When the regiment was disbanded it had the following structure:


11th Annual Grammy Awards
The 11th Annual Grammy Awards were held on March 12, 1969. They recognized accomplishments of musicians for the year 1968.


11th Annual Honda Civic Tour
The 11th Annual Honda Civic Tour was a concert tour co-headlined by the American alternative metal bands Linkin Park and Incubus. They were joined by Mutemath, a supporting act for the tour. The tour started on August 10, 2012 and ended on September 10th, 2012.


11th Annual Honda Civic Tour
This tour was the 11th tour in the Honda Civic Tour lineup, and was the shortest, only going up to 17 dates in total.


11th Annual Honda Civic Tour, Background
Announced on April 16, 2012 by Honda, the 2012 Honda Civic Tour featured Linkin Park, Incubus, and Mutemath. The tour started in Bristow, Virginia, and ended in Chula Vista, California.


11th Annual Honda Civic Tour, Background
As a tradition with all previous Honda Civic Tours, Linkin Park was chosen to design a Honda Civic Si and a CBR250R motorcycle. The band chose to base the cars artwork off their album they had just released, Living Things.


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on Thursday, November 11, 2010, at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the third time the annual event had taken place at this location. The eligibility period for recordings to be nominated was July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010. Nominations were announced on September 8, 2010. On September 14, 2010 it was announced that the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honoree would be Plácido Domingo. The big winners of the night were Camila, Juan Luis Guerra and Gustavo Cerati with three awards.


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
Juan Luis Guerra's A Son de Guerra was awarded the Album of the Year, the second time he has received this award. "Mientes" by pop band Camila won the Record of the Year and Song of the Year. Alex Cuba and Nelly Furtado became the first Canadian musicians to receive a Latin Grammy Award. Cuba received a Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist and Furtado the Best Female Pop Vocal Album.


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Tropical
Diomedes Diaz and Alvaro Lopez — Listo Pa' la foto


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Regional Mexican
Yoel Henriquez and Paco Lugo — "Amarte a La Antigua" (Pedro Fernández)


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Brazilian
Charlie Brown Jr. — Camisa 10 Joga Bola Até na Chuva


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Classical
Leo Brouwer — Integral Cuartetos De CuerdaFernando Otero — Vital


11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Production
Paul Acedo, Rafa Arcaute, Sebastian Krys, Lee Levin, Daniel Ovie, Sebastian Perkal, Tom Russo, Esteban Varela, Dan, Warner and Lurssen Inc. — Distinto (Diego Torres)


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)
The 11th Anti - Aircraft Division (11th AA Division) was an air defence formation of the British Army during the early years of the Second World War. It defended the West Midlands during The Blitz, including the notorious raid on Coventry, and the subsequent Baedeker Blitz, but only had a short career.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mobilisation
The 11th Anti - Aircraft Division was one of five new divisions created on 1 November 1940 by Anti- Aircraft Command to control the expanding anti-aircraft (AA) defences of the United Kingdom. The  division was formed by separating two Territorial Army (TA) brigade areas (34th (South Midland) and 54th) from the 4th AA Division in North West England and adding a Regular Army headquarters from the (1st AA Brigade) that had recently returned from the Dunkirk evacuation.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mobilisation
The divisional headquarters (HQ) was at Birmingham and the first General Officer Commanding (GOC), appointed on 14 November 1940, was Major-General Sidney Archibald, who had been Major General, Royal Artillery, of Home Forces and was a former commander of the 34th (South Midland) AA Brigade. The 11th AA Division formed part of II AA Corps.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz
The division's fighting units, organised into three AA Brigades, consisted of Heavy (HAA) and Light (LAA) gun regiments and Searchlight (S/L) regiments of the Royal Artillery. The HAA guns were concentrated in the Gun Defence Areas (GDAs) at Birmingham and Coventry, LAA units were distributed to defend Vulnerable Points (VPs) such as factories and airfields, while the S/L detachments were disposed in clusters of three, spaced 10,400 yards (9,500 m) apart.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Coventry Blitz
At the time the 11th AA Division was created, the industrial towns of the UK were under regular attack by night, to which the limited AA defences replied as best they could. The West Midlands had already suffered badly, with Birmingham and Coventry receiving heavy raids in August and October. The new division was still being formed when the Luftwaffe launched a series of devastating raids, beginning with the notorious Coventry Blitz on 14/15 November.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Coventry Blitz
The Coventry raid was preceded by a dozen pathfinder aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 100 riding an X-Gerät beam to drop flares and incendiary bombs on the target. The huge fires that broke out in the congested city centre then attracted successive 40-strong waves of bombers flying at heights between 12,000 and 20,000 feet to saturate the defences. The AA Defence Commander (AADC) of 95th (Birmingham) HAA Rgt had prepared a series of concentrations to be fired using sound-locators and GL Mk.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Coventry Blitz
I gun-laying radar, and 128 concentrations were fired before the bombing severed all lines of communication and the noise drowned out sound-location. Some gun positions were able to fire at S/L beam intersections, glimpsed through the smoke and guessing the range. Although the Coventry guns fired 10 rounds a minute for the whole 10-hour raid, only three aircraft were shot down over the UK that night, and the city centre was gutted.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Coventry Blitz
The change in enemy tactics led to HAA guns being moved from London to the West Midlands (for example, the 6th HAA Regt).


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Birmingham Blitz
The Coventry raid was followed by three consecutive nights (19–22 November) of attacks on Birmingham and other Black Country industrial towns including West Bromwich, Dudley and Tipton were all hit. Birmingham was bombed again during December (3, 4, 11) and on 11 March 1941, but the full Birmingham Blitz came in April 1941, with heavy raids on the nights of 9/10 and 10/11 of the month, causing extensive damage and casualties.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Birmingham Blitz
The Blitz is generally held to have ended on 16 May 1941 with another attack on Birmingham. By now the HAA sites had the advantage of GL Mk I* radar with an elevation finding (E/F or 'Effie') attachment, and several attackers were turned away by accurate fire and their bombs scattered widely, some on nearby Nuneaton. The city was attacked again in July, but the Luftwaffe bombing offensive was effectively over. The West Midlands had been the hardest hit area of the UK after London and Merseyside.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), The Blitz, Order of Battle 1940–41
By March 1941, the 1st AA Brigade HQ together with the Regular 1st and 6th HAA Rgts had returned to the War Office (WO) Reserve pending deployment overseas, but temporarily remained part of AA Command. By mid-May 1941, the 1st AA Brigade had handed over its units and responsibilities to a new 68th AA Brigade and left AA Command, while the 67th AA Brigade had also been created by splitting the 34th AA Brigade.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War
By October 1941 the availability of S/L control radar was sufficient to allow AA Command's S/L sites to be 'declustered' into single-light sites spaced at 10,400 yards (9,500 m) intervals in 'Indicator Belts' in the approaches to the GDAs, and 'Killer Belts' at 6,000 yards (5,500 m) spacing to cooperate with the RAF's Night-fighters.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War
Although the Luftwaffe 's so-called Baedeker Blitz of 1942 was mainly aimed at unprotected cities, Birmingham was hit on several occasions in June and July that year.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War
Newly formed AA units joined the division, the HAA and support units increasingly becoming 'Mixed' units, indicating that women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were fully integrated into them. At the same time, experienced units were posted away to train for service overseas. This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) and the need to transfer AA units  to counter the Baedeker raids and the Luftwaffe 's hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War, Order of Battle 1941–42
By May 1942, the 67th AA Brigade consisted only of 142nd (M) HAA Rgt; thereafter it was joined by:


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War, Order of Battle 1941–42
In June 1942, the 67th AA Brigade transferred to the 9th AA Division, and by October 1942 it once again consisted of a single regiment (143rd (M) HAA).


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War, Order of Battle 1941–42
The increased sophistication of Operations Rooms and communications was reflected in the growth in support units, which attained the following organisation by May 1942:


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Mid-War, Order of Battle 1941–42
The RAOC companies became part of the new Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) during 1942.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Disbandment
A reorganisation of AA Command in October 1942 saw the AA divisions disbanded and replaced by a smaller number of AA Groups more closely aligned with the groups of RAF Fighter Command. The 11th AA Division merged with the 4th AA Division into the 4th AA Group based at Preston and cooperating with No. 9 Group RAF.


11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom), Disbandment
The 11th AA Divisional Signals was amalgamated back into its parent 4th AA Divisional Signals as the 4th AA Group (Mixed) Signals.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (11th AAA Bn) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1942 as the 11th Defense Battalion, its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion defended took part in combat operations in the Solomon Islands. The battalion's tank platoon also saw extensive action on New Georgia and Arundel Island. The battalion was decommissioned before the end of the war on December 15, 1944.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Organization
The 11th Defense Battalion was commissioned on June 15, 1942 at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina. On August 26, 1942 the battalion was moved to Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina. It departed New River via train on October 7, 1942 bound for the West Coast. After a month and a half in San Diego, California the battalion departed the United States on December 3, 1942.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Solomon Islands
The 11th Defense Battalion arrived at Efate in the New Hebrides on December 21, 1942. On January 14, 1943 the battalion sailed from Efate and landed at Tulagi on January 17th. It was assigned air and coastal defense for the Purvis Bay area of the Florida Islands. An antiaircraft detachment from the 11th accompanied the 43rd Infantry Regiment as it cleared Banika on February 21, 1943. The det was later relieved by a detachment from the 10th Defense Battalion.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Solomon Islands
During July 1943, M3A1 Stuart Light Tanks of the 11th Defense Battalion were assigned to support the 43rd Infantry Division securing Munda Point on New Georgia. After Munda, the tank section was transported via landing craft to Arundel Island where they again provided fire support for the 43rd Infantry during their seizure of the island. On July 13, 1943 another detachment was displaced when the 90mm guns of Battery E were sent to support operations on New Georgia. Battery E went ashore on August 9th at Enogai Inlet to provide air defense following the Battle of Enogai.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Solomon Islands
These 50 Marines, with their 40mm antiaircraft guns and .50 cal machine guns, were a welcome addition to the base's defense. That evening the Battery E Marines scored a "probable" shoot down on a Japanese aircraft. On September 24, 1943 the battalion ceased operations at Purvis Bay and prepared for embarkation on naval shipping.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, New Georgia
The entire battalion arrived on New Georgia on September 26th and immediately began emplacing near Ondonga Airfield. On January 18, 1944 the battalion was notified that it would be soon relieved by incoming United States Army units. The battalion was officially relieved by the 276th Coast Artillery on February 10th. During this time the battalion's Special Weapons Group was detached from the 40th Infantry Division on Guadalcanal. On March 10, 1944 the 11th Defense Battalion loaded all personnel and equipment onto the USS Hyperion (AK-107). New orders arrived and the ship had to be unloaded and the battalion instead moved to Arundel Island.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Reorganization, Hawaii and decommissioning
Beginning in 1944 the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force. On April 20, 1944 the battalion was divested of its seacoast artillery. These Marines and their equipment were transferred to Guadalcanal and used to form 155mm gun battalions. Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on May 16, 1944.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Reorganization, Hawaii and decommissioning
June 1944 saw the battalion stage on Ondongo Island preparing to move. On June 21st, 481.5 short tons of the battalion's gear departed on the USS Kopara (AK-62). After some delay, an additional 440.7 short tons departed on board USS LST-398 on June 29th. All elements of the battalion had arrived at Guadalcanal by July 10th. The battalion continued training until November 27th when word was received that the battalion was going to be disbanded. All officers and Marines with two years overseas were sent home and other personnel were transferred to other units. The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned on December 15, 1944.


11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:


11th Arabian Gulf Cup
The 11th Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي) was held in Qatar, in November 1992.


11th Arabian Gulf Cup
The tournament was won by Qatar for the first time.


11th Arabian Gulf Cup
Iraq were excluded from the tournament because of the invasion of Kuwait.


11th Arabian Gulf Cup, Tournament
The teams played a single round-robin style competition. The team achieving first place in the overall standings was the tournament winner.


11th Arizona State Legislature
The 11th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1933 to December 31, 1934, during Benjamin Baker Moeur's first term as Governor of Arizona, in Phoenix. The number in both houses remained constant, with 19 senators and 63 representatives. The Democrats held every seat in the Senate, and increased the large majority they held the house.


11th Arizona State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Phoenix on January 12, 1933; and adjourned on March 14. There were 3 special sessions of this legislature during 1933-34. The third special session ran from November 26 – December 14, 1934.


11th Arizona State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


11th Arizona State Legislature, House of Representatives, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature
The 11th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened on January 3, 1881, in Prescott, Arizona Territory.


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
Since assuming office, Governor John C. Frémont had been mostly absent from his duties. The governor had left for Washington D.C. on February 28, 1879, to lobby the territory's case in a dispute over the boundaries of the Gila River Indian Reservation. The trip was expected to take five or six weeks to complete. Frémont had not returned to the territory till August 1879. The governor had again left the territory on  March 18, 1880. He did not return to Prescott till January 5, 1881. In response to these prolonged periods with no resident territorial governor, Territorial Delegate John G. Campbell said "So far we cannot tell what sort of Governor he will make as he has spent most of his time in the East."


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
While he was away, the non-partisan alliance that had controlled Arizona Territory during the McCormick and Safford administrations broke down. This allowed the territory's Democratic Party to organize an effective opposition to the Republican governor. The other signification change was the size of the legislature, which had been expanded to twelve members in the upper house and twenty-four members in the lower house.


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
Governor Frémont's address to the session focused upon economic development. To this end he called for Federal aid in building water storage systems within the territory and increased trade with Mexico. To  encourage additional capital investment in the territory's mines, the governor requested removal of all taxes levied on mining products. On other issues, Frémont recommended divorces be handled by the courts.


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
The regular address was followed on February 21, 1881, by a special message. In the message, Governor Frémont called for a 100-man force to be organized to fight banditry along and near the border with Mexico.


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
The most important, and contentious action of the session was the creation of three new counties: Cochise, Gila, Graham. Of these, Cochise County generated the most objections. Creation of the county was opposed by interests in Tucson due to the diversion of tax income from their city to the new county seat. Tombstone had however managed to elect a disproportional level of representation to the session and was able to overcome the objections. The new county's name also generated opposition as Representative Sharp of Maricopa County objected to the county being named for Cochise due to the "depredation and murderous attacks of that bloodthirsty savage."


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
The towns of Phoenix, Prescott, and Tombstone were incorporated. A variety of bond issues were additionally authorized to fund construction of courthouses, jails, and other government buildings throughout the territory.


11th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
Acting upon the governor's recommendation, the territorial bullion tax on mined products was repealed. Frémont's request for a special force to fight crime along border with Mexico was refused. The previous session's creation of a territorial lottery was repealed, and gambling by minors prohibited.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
The 11th Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. Following the units surrender during the Battle of Island No. 10, it was consolidated with Griffiths 17th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and mounted. Following the surrender of Port Hudson, some unit members returned to Arkansas and became part of Poe's Arkansas Cavalry Battalion and Logan's 11th Arkansas Cavalry Regiment.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Organization
The 11th Arkansas was organized in Saline County, Arkansas, in July 1861. The Mustering Officer for the regiment was George M. Holt, a Brigadier General of the Arkansas State Militia. The unit was composed  of volunteer companies from the following counties:


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Organization
The exact date of the units' muster into confederate service is unclear. The unit was included in the list of regiments transferred to Confederate Service by the Arkansas State Military Board July 28, 1861, but the unit was not fully organized at that time. An election for Field Grade Officers was conducted on July 28, but the results were contested by Captain John Logan of Company G because only eight companies were present, instead of the required ten. A new election was ordered by the State Military Board and it was held on August 8, 1861. The results were the same as the first election with the exception that Mark S. Miller was elected lieutenant colonel in the place of Hordley. The field grade officers received their commissions in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States on August 8, 1861.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The regiment was ordered to Little Rock on August 9, 1861, and remained there until August 20, when the unit was ordered to Pine Bluff. The unit boarded boats on August 27 for the five-day trip by river to Memphis Tennessee where the unit arrive on 1 September 1861. The unit remained in the Memphis area until September 26 when the unit was ordered to Fort Pillow, Tennessee.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The unit was eventually brigaded with the 12th Arkansas, commanded by Col. E. W. Gantt; was stationed at Island Number Ten on the Mississippi River, and transferred back and forth to New Madrid at the will of General Gideon J. Pillow. Island Number Ten was surrendered April 15, 1862, after a terrific bombardment by the enemy's mortar-boats and gunboats, aided by an overflow which nearly submerged the island. The Confederate defenses consisted of dissolving earthworks and twenty guns. Maj. W. J. Hoadley, of Little Rock, spiked his battery of guns and made his escape with one section of the battalion. The others were included in the surrender documents, and were transported to Camp Butler near Springfield, Ill., then to Camp Chase (Chicago), the officers to Johnson's Island, Lake Erie. Lieutenant Gibson, of Company H, was shot dead on Johnson's island by a Federal sentinel because he crossed the "dead line".


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Reorganization and consolidation
The 11th and 12th Arkansas Infantry Regiments were exchanged September 16, 1862, at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Because their original one-year enlistment was expiring, the regiment was required to be reorganized for two additional years. This reorganization resulted in the election of the following officers:


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Reorganization and consolidation
The reorganized regiment was ordered to lower Mississippi. In March 1863, the 11th and (Griffith's) 17th Arkansas Infantry Regiment were consolidated and mounted. Colonel John L. Logan was placed in command. The consolidated regiment was dispatched to Clinton, Mississippi, to head off the raid of the Federal General Grierson, but failed to meet him. At this time Colonel Logan served as the commander of a brigade which included 11th/17th so Col Griffin, originally of the 17th Arkansas, was often in field command of the consolidated regiment.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Reorganization and consolidation
The unit operated outside the fortifications of Port Hudson during the siege in March 1863. This detachment operated against the army under General Banks in Louisiana, and took a number of prisoners, among them Gen. Neal Dow. Some members of the 11/17th Consolidated Arkansas Mounted Infantry were captured at the Siege of Port Hudson on July 9, 1863. These men were later released and exchanged in Arkansas and many would later join Poe's Arkansas Cavalry Battalion.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Reorganization and consolidation, Unofficial reorganization west of the Mississippi River
In November 1863 Colonel Logan made a trip to Richmond Virginia and made an impassioned request for the transfer of his regiment back to Arkansas. Colonel Logan's request for the transfer of his battalion fell on deaf ears, but he was personally transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Department. Colonel Griffith of the 17th Arkansas assumed command of the 11/17th Consolidated Regiment and led the unit until the end of the war.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Reorganization and consolidation, Unofficial reorganization west of the Mississippi River
Colonel Logan eventually achieved his purpose to a degree. When members of the 11/17th Consolidated Arkansas Mounted Infantry were released on furlough to return to Arkansas for recruiting duty in early 1864, many elected to remain in Arkansas rather than return to their command in southern Mississippi. Instead of returning to Colonel Griffin's command, many of these soldiers reported to Colonel Logan in the Trans Mississippi and by late 1864, Colonel Logan's unit, now recognized as the 11th Arkansas Cavalry Regiment or Logan's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment, was back on the roster of units for the Department of the Trans-Mississippi.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battle Flag
A variation of the first national flag with twelve stars, nine describing a circle and three within it was previously attributed to the 9th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, but more recent research now indicates that this flag actually belong to the 11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and was found, along with the regiment's baggage in Fort Thompson after the unit evacuated Island No. 10. The flag was returned to Arkansas by the State of Michigan in 1941. The flag is a First Confederate National Flag pattern variation made of cotton and cotton damask, measuring 46" x 69" and it is currently in the collection of the Old State House Museum, Little Rock, Arkansas.


11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Surrender
The portion of the regiment that remained as part of the 11th and 17th Consolidated Arkansas Infantry Regiment were surrendered at Surrendered at Citronelle, Alabama, on May 4, 1865. The portion of the regiment that had rejoined Colonel Logan in Arkansas were surrendered with the Department of the Trans-Mississippi on May 26, 1865.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The 11th Tank Division (Chinese: 坦克第11师) was formed on September 15, 1968 in Xinyang, Henan province from 206th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 1st Army Division, 207th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 2nd Army Division, 212th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 3rd Army Division and 45th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 29th Army Division.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
As of September 10, 1969, the division was composed of:


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The division was in strength of 3000 personnel, 112 T-34s (1 battalion of 24 tanks, 1 regimental commander tank and 1 regimental commissar tank for each tank regiment) and 80 SU-76s (1 battalion of 20 self-propelled guns for each regiment).


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The division maintained as a tank division, catalogue B during the 1970s and early-1980s.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
From 1970 the division became the general reserve of Central Military Commune of China.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1971 42nd, 43rd and 44th Tank Regiment received Type-59 medium tanks (80 each). 41st Tank Regiment was also filled up to 80 T-34s.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
On March 1, 1973 Artillery Regiment, 50th Army Division was attached to the division and renamed Artillery Regiment, 11th Tank Division.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In April 1974 the division moved to Queshan, Henan province.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1976 Armored Infantry Regiment Activated. In February 41st Tank Regiment was transferred to 54th Army Corps and renamed as Tank Regiment, 54th Army Corps.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
From January 1976 to December 1982, the division maintained as a "Tank Division, Catalogue A". From December 1982 the division became a "Tank Division, Catalogue B".


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
From March 1983 the division was under the command of 43rd Army Corps.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1985 the division was transferred to 20th Army following 43rd Army Corps disbandment. In September this year 44th Tank Regiment was detached to form Tank Brigade, 54th Army, and in November a new 44th Tank Regiment was re-activated.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In July 1998 the division was transferred to 54th Army following 20th Army's disbandment. In October the division was renamed as the 11th Armored Division (Chinese: 装甲第11师), and its Armored Infantry Regiment was disbanded and absorbed into now armored regiments.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In October 2011 the division was split into two: the division itself became the 11th Armored Brigade (Chinese: 装甲第11旅), while half of its battalions formed 160th Mechanized Infantry Brigade.


11th Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 2017 the brigade was reorganized as the 11th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: 重型合成第11旅).


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment
The 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment ("Blackhorse Regiment") is a unit of the United States Army garrisoned at Fort Irwin, California. Although termed an armored cavalry regiment, it is being re-organized as a multi-component heavy brigade combat team. The regiment has served in the Philippine–American War, World War II, the Vietnam War, Cold War, Operation Desert Storm (scout platoons), and Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq War). The 11th ACR serves as the Opposing Force (OPFOR) for the Army and Marine task forces, and foreign military forces that train at the National Training Center.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment
The OPFOR trained U.S. Army forces in mechanized desert warfare following a Soviet-era style threat until June 2002, when the OPFOR and the 11th ACR changed to portraying an urban/asymmetrical warfare style of combat U.S. soldiers are facing in operations abroad. From June to December 2003, members of the 11th ACR deployed to Afghanistan, where they helped to develop and train the armor and mechanized infantry battalions of the Afghan National Army. These specialized units would defend the Afghan capital during the country's constitutional convention. In January 2004, the 11th ACR deployed to Iraq. The 11th ACR was not reorganized under the U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System, but has been reorganized under the U.S. Army Regimental System.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Regiment
The regiment was constituted on 2 February 1901 in the Regular Army as the 11th Cavalry Regiment, and was organized on 11 March 1901 at Fort Myer, Virginia. The regiment participated in the 1916 Pancho Villa Expedition under the command of William Jones Nicholson. For an operational history of the regiment, see the separate squadron histories below.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Regiment
At the start of World War II, the 11th Cavalry was stationed at the Presidio of Monterey in California. They moved to Fort Ord in stages from 16 to 27 January 1940 and again to Camp Clayton on 15 April to 15 May 1940 for temporary training. They participated in maneuvers at Fort Lewis in Washington from 4 to 29 August 1940, and returned to the Presidio of Monterey on 31 August 1940, where they were detached from the 2nd Cavalry Division, and resumed its status as a separate regiment.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Regiment
They next moved to Camp Seeley in California on 7 November 1941, and again to Live Oaks, California on 24 July 1941; they then returned to Camp Seeley on 17 September 1941, and to Camp Lockett on 10 December 1941. They were next assigned to the United States Army Armored Force on 12 June 1942, and relocated to Fort Benning in Georgia on 10 July 1942, where they prepared to be inactivated and reorganized.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Regiment
The 11th Cavalry Regiment was deactivated on 15 July 1942 at Fort Benning, Georgia; personnel and equipment concurrently transferred to the 11th Armored Regiment, with concurrent development of the 11th Cavalry Group, and the 11th Tank Group. The remainder of 11th Cavalry was disbanded on 26 October 1944.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Regiment
11th Armored Regiment was constituted on 11 July 1942 in the national army, assigned to the 10th Armored Division, and organized at Fort Benning on 15 July 1942 from the personnel and equipment of the 11th Cavalry Regiment. The motto on the unit insignia is "Allons", which means "Let's Go" in French.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Regiment
The regiment moved to Murfreesboro, Tennessee on 22 June 1943, and then Fort Gordon on 5 September 1943. 11th Armored Regiment was broken up on 20 September 1943, and its elements were distributed as follows:


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Regiment
712th Tank Battalion was inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey on 27 October 1945, and redesignated the 525th Medium Tank Battalion on 1 September 1948. It was activated on 10 September 1948 at Fort Lewis, Washington.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Regiment
525th Medium Tank Battalion was redesignated as 95th Tank Battalion on 4 February 1950, assigned to 7th Armored Division, and activated at Camp Roberts, California on 24 November 1950, and inactivated there on 15 November 1953.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Regiment
Reconnaissance Company was reorganized and redesignated as Troop E, 90th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, which maintained a separate history thereafter.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Tank Battalion
As part of the 10th Armored Division, 11th Tank Battalion shipped out from the New York Port of Embarkation on 13 September 1944, and landed in France on 23 September 1944.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Tank Battalion
The battalion participated in the Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe Campaigns, and was located at Schongau, Bavaria, Germany on 14 August 1945.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Tank Battalion
The battalion returned to the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation on 13 October 1945, was inactivated at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia on the same day, and was relieved from assignment to the 10th AD.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Group (Mechanized)
HHT, 11th Cavalry Regiment was redesignated on 19 April 1943 as HHT, 11th Cavalry Group, and was activated at Camp Anza, California on 5 May 1943. At that time, the 36th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron and 44th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron were attached. The group was then moved to Fort Bragg on 31 January 1944, and again to Atlantic Beach, Florida on 15 March 1944 for amphibious training.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Group (Mechanized)
They then moved to Camp Gordon on 1 June 1944 and then departed the New York Port of Embarkation on 29 September 1944, and arrived in England on 10 October 1944, and landed in France on 26 November 1944. They moved to the Netherlands on 8 December 1944, went into the line in Germany on 12 December 1944, and protected the Roer River sector; they recrossed into the Netherlands on 3 February 1945, and re-entered Germany on 27 February 1945 on the left flank of the U.S. 84th Infantry Division.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Group (Mechanized)
The group then held a defensive line along the Rhine River near Düsseldorf on 12 March 1945 under the XIII Corps, and crossed the Rhine at Wesel on 1 April 1945, screened XIII Corps' northern flank, and saw action during the Battle of Munster and the seizure of the Ricklingen Bridge over the Leine River. During the campaign in northwestern Europe, Troop B of the 44th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron served as a mechanized escort and security force for the headquarters of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces. In August 1945, 11th Cavalry Group headquarters was located at Gross Ilsede, Germany.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Cavalry Group (Mechanized)
HHT, 11th Cavalry Group was converted and reorganized as HHT, 11th Constabulary Regiment on 1 May 1946. During this period, the regimental headquarters was located in Regensburg. As a constabulary unit, the 11th Constabulary Regiment patrolled occupied Germany and performed law enforcement and keeping of the public order missions. HHT 11th Constabulary Regiment was further reorganized and redesignated as HHC, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment on 30 November 1948.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Tank Group
HHT, 11th Tank Group was constituted on 19 July 1943 in the National Army. It was activated at Camp Campbell, Kentucky on 28 July 1943 as a separate group. It was reorganized and redesignated as HHC, 11th Armored Group on 5 December 1943. During the war, armored groups such as the 11th were used as administrative headquarters for the numerous independent tank battalions fielded in the European Theater of Operations. HHC, 11th Armored Group was converted and redesignated HHT, 1st Constabulary Regiment on 1 May 1946. HHT, 1st Constabulary Regiment was inactivated on 20 September 1947 in Germany.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment
Reassembly and organizing of 11th ACR was completed on 30 November 1948 by reconstitution and reorganization of elements of the 11th Cavalry Regiment and HHT, 1st Constabulary Regiment. HHT-1st Constabulary Regiment was converted, redesignated and consolidated into 11th ACR as HHT, 3rd Battalion, 11th ACR on 30 November 1948. 11th Tank Battalion was consolidated into 11th ACR on 8 January 1951. 95th Tank Battalion was consolidated into 3rd Battalion, 11th ACR on 1 October 1958. Air Troop inactivated 20 March 1972 in Vietnam; 2d Squadron inactivated 6 April 1972 in Vietnam; Air Troop and 2d Squadron activated 17 May 1972 in Germany. Around 1984, Air Troop was enlarged and became the 4th Squadron (Thunderhorse), also known as the Combat Aviation Squadron.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment
Placed 17 June 1986 under the United States Army Regimental System


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment
Inactivated 15 October 1993 – 15 March 1994 in Germany


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, History, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment
Activated 16 October 1994 (less 3d and 4th Squadrons; the Air Defense Artillery Battery; and the Howitzer Batteries, 1st and 2d Squadrons) at Fort Irwin, California


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Germany 1957–64
As part of the Gyroscope unit rotations, the 11th ACR was sent to Germany in March 1957 for another round at the border surveillance mission along the Iron Curtain, replacing the 6th Armored Cavalry Regiment. Regimental headquarters and 1st Squadron were located in Straubing while the 2nd Squadron was stationed in Landshut and the 3rd Squadron in Regensburg. The regiment's border surveillance mission was along the German-Czech frontier. In 1964, the 11th ACR returned to the United States and would be bound for Vietnam within two years.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
Home now for the regiment was Fort Meade, Maryland where the "Blackhorse" engaged in operational training and support activities like participation in the Presidential Inauguration and support for ROTC summer training.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
With the war in Vietnam escalating, the Blackhorse Regiment was alerted for assignment to Southeast Asia on 11 March 1966. The regiment began specialized training for combat in a counterinsurgency environment. Modifications were made to the organization and equipment (MTOE) with emphasis on the use of modified M113 armored personnel carriers (APCs). Two M-60 machineguns with protective gun shield were mounted at the port and starboard rear of the vehicle, and a combination circular & flat frontal gun shield(s) were added around the .50 caliber machine gun located at the commander's hatch. This combination produced a M-113 Armored Cavalry Assault Vehicle, or, in Vietnam more simply referred to as an ACAV by GIs, a name coined by 11th Armored Cavalrymen.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
The regiment's modifications emphasized the use of ACAVs instead of the Patton medium tank and completely replaced the M-114 found in reconnaissance platoons, which may have existed in European and CONUS areas of operation. The M114 had been deployed to Vietnam in 1962, but withdrawn in 1964 due to its unsatisfactory, and often disastrous performance. Throughout the war, the tank companies, with their M48 Patton tanks, remained the same in each squadron.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
In 1968, Colonel George S. Patton IV (son of World War II General Patton), commander of the 11th ACR in South Vietnam recommended to General Creighton Abrams that one squadron from a division and the other from theater command be issued the army's new aluminum tanks (Sheridans) for combat testing. General Abrams concurred, and in January 1969, M551 Sheridans were issued to the 3rd Squadron 4th Armored Cavalry and the 1st Squadron 11th Armored Cavalry.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
Due to differences between the organization of regimental cavalry squadrons and divisional cavalry squadrons, in 1st Sqdn 11th ACR, the Sheridans were issued to the ACAV troops, replacing three M113 ACAVs in each platoon (the squadron's one tank company remained intact); in 3rd Squadron, 4th Cavalry, the Sheridans replaced M48A3 tanks throughout.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
Although the 3/4 Cavalry met near disaster with their Sheridans within a month of receiving them (one destroyed by a mine), the 1/11 Cavalry had just the reverse in luck, killing nearly 80 enemy soldiers during an engagement on 23 February 1969. All things considered, the army was satisfied with the Sheridan tank, and by the end of 1970 alone, well over 200 M551s would be in South Vietnam.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
While nearly all US armored cavalry squadrons were equipped with the M551 by 1970, the 11th ACR tank companies, as well as the three US Army armor battalions (1/69th, 2/34th, and 1/77th Armor) in country, all retained their 90mm gun M48A3 Patton tanks. Only the M48s, as well as the Australian Centurions, and ARVN M41 Walker Bulldog light tanks could effectively and safely conduct "thunder runs"; the firing of all tank weapons while driving down the highway or road.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72
While ACAVs did not have a cannon, the Sheridan's high recoil from its 152mm main gun negated it from firing excessive broadsides while moving down a road. Thus the most favored tanks for clearing highways with "thunder runs" on a daily basis, most often fell to the M48s of the 11th ACR and accompanying armor units.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Arrival in country
The Blackhorse Regiment arrived in Vũng Tàu, South Vietnam on 7 September 1966 and was commanded by Col. William W. Cobb. Operation Hickory (7–15 October 1966) produced the first enemy casualties inflicted by the 3rd Squadron and elements of the 919th Engineer Company in the vicinity of Phu Hoa.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Blackhorse Base Camp
"Atlanta" was the code name for the establishment of Blackhorse Base Camp—the new home of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment in Vietnam. Blackhorse Base Camp was located approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the village of Xuan Loc on Route 2 and approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southeast of the village of Long Goia. Saigon is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) to the west along Rt. 1. The operation began on 20 October and concluded on 3 November 1966.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Blackhorse Base Camp
lists the following locations for the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment's headquarters in Vietnam:


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Cedar Falls
From January until 18 May 1967, the regiment conducted three major search and destroy operations. These operations would later be known as reconnaissance in force (RIF) operations. The first of these operations commence on 8 January 1967 and was known as "Operation Cedar Falls". It continued until 24 January 1967. The 1st and 2nd Squadrons operated in the infamous "Iron Triangle" region near Ben Cat employing search and destroy tactics, screening and blocking, and security in attacks on successive objectives.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Junction City
Operation Junction City I and II involved the 1st and 3rd Squadrons. It began on 18 February 1967 and ran through 15 April 1967. This operation took these squadrons to the headquarters of the Central Office South Vietnam (COSVN) believed to be located in Bình Dương Province with the objective of destroying this important headquarters. This joint mission conducted with the 1st Australian Task Force secured lines of communication and fire support bases (FSB). Extensive RIF operations were conducted as well.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Manhattan
Commencing on 23 April 1967 the third operation titled Operation Manhattan was a thrust into the Long Nguyen Secret Zone by the 1st and 2nd Squadrons. This zone was a long-suspected regional headquarters of the Viet Cong. In a series of reconnaissance in force operations 60 tunnel complexes were uncovered. 1884 fortifications were destroyed. 621 tons of rice was evacuated during these operations. Operation Manhattan ended on 11 May 1967.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Kittyhawk
Beginning in April 1967 and running through 21 March 1968, the regiment was tasked to secure and pacify Long Khánh District. This year-long mission was called Operation Kittyhawk. It achieved three objectives: Viet Cong (VC) were kept from interfering with travel on the main roads, Vietnamese were provided medical treatment in civic action programs like MEDCAP and DENTCAP and finally, RIF operations were employed to keep the VC off balance, making it impossible for them to mount offensive operations.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, 1967
From the summer of 1967 until the winter the regiment was led by Col. Roy W. Farley. Operation Emporia I & II was a road clearing operation with limited RIF missions by the 1st and 3rd Squadrons in Long Khánh District. Operation Valdosta I & II was a regimental size operation. Its purpose was to provide security at polling places during elections and to maintain reaction forces to counter VC agitation. As a result of the operation 84.7% of eligible voters cast ballots in Long Khánh District in the first general election and 78% in the second.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Quicksilver
Operation Quicksilver involved the 1st and 2nd Squadrons of the 11th Armored Cavalry. Its purpose was to secure routes that moved logistical personnel of the 101st Airborne Division between Binh Long and Tây Ninh Provinces. Cordon, search and RIF missions were also performed.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Fargo
Operation Fargo ran from 21 December 1967 until 21 January 1968. This regimental size operation conducted RIFs in Binh Long and Tây Ninh Provinces and opened Route 13 to military traffic for the very first time.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, The Tet Offensive
The early part of 1968 was marked by the most ambitious and embolden offensive attack coordinated by the VC and NVA in the history of the war. The Tet Offensive was designed to coincide with the Vietnamese New Year.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Adairsville
Operation Adairsville began on 31 January 1968. Word was received by the II Field Force HQs to immediately re-deploy to the Long Binh/Bien Hoa area to relieve installations threatened by the Tet Offensive. At 1400 hours (2:00 pm) the 1st Squadron was called to move from their position south of the Michelin Rubber Plantation to the II Field Force headquarters. The 2nd Squadron moved from north of the plantation to III Corps POW Compound were enemy soldiers were sure to attempt to liberate the camp. The 3rd Squadron moved from An Lộc to III Corps Army, Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) headquarters. It took only 14 hours and 80 miles to arrive in position after first being alerted.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Alcorn Cove
The security operation in the Long Binh/Bien Hoa area and the area around Blackhorse Base Camp by the 1st and 2nd Squadrons is continue under Operation Alcorn Cove which began on 22 March 1968. This joint mission with the ARVN 18th Division and 25th Division was a twofold operation of security and RIFs. Operation Toan Thang was an extension of "Alcorn Cove". That joint operation involved the 1st and 25th Infantry Divisions.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, Operation Alcorn Cove
From April 1968 to January 1969, the 11th Cavalry was commanded Colonel (later Major General) George S. Patton IV, the son of General George S. Patton Jr..


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, "Workhorse"  The 3rd Squadron
K Troop was part of the 3rd Squadron and known as "Killing K Troop". 3rd Squadron's nickname was "Workhorse". Shortly after its arrival in Vietnam, the 3rd Squadron engaged the Viet Cong for the first time. The squadron was awarded a Meritorious Unit Citation for this period.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, "Workhorse"  The 3rd Squadron
The Tet Offensive of 1968 gave the squadron a chance to fight the enemy's troop formations in open combat. In Bien Hoa the 3rd Squadron drove the enemy forces from the area near III Corps headquarters. Its action was crucial in smashing the enemy's offensive.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, "Workhorse"  The 3rd Squadron
On 20 October 2009 President Barack Obama presented a Presidential Unit Citation to troop commander Captain John B. Poindexter and all veterans of A Troop, 1st Squadron, 11th Cavalry for their heroism along the Cambodian border on 26 March 1970.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Vietnam 1966–72, "Workhorse"  The 3rd Squadron
Brigadier General John Bahnsen, a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, served with the 11th ACR in Vietnam, commanding first the regiment's Air Cavalry Troop, and later its 1st Squadron.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap
The 11th Cavalry Group Mechanized was redesignated as the 11th Constabulary Regiment on 3 May 1946 in order that the regiment could fulfill its occupation duties, and was restored as the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment and inactivated in November 1948. Blackhorse was brought back into active status 1 April 1951 at Camp Carson, Colorado. In 1954, the regiment transferred to Fort Knox, Kentucky to complete its training in armored tactics.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap
The Blackhorse Regiment rotated to southern Germany in May 1957, relieving the 6th ACR, and assumed the mission of patrolling the German-Czechoslovak border until its return to the United States in 1964.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap
The Blackhorse arrived in Vietnam on 7 September 1966. Second Squadron spearheaded Operation Fish Hook into Cambodia on 1 May 1970, surrounding a North Vietnamese logistics center.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap
During the drawdown of U.S. forces in Vietnam in early 1972, the 11th ACR was inactivated in stages (Air Troop inactivated 20 March 1972 in Vietnam; 2d Squadron inactivated 6 April 1972 in Vietnam) and subsequently reactivated in Germany (Air Troop and 2d Squadron activated 17 May 1972 in Germany) by reflagging the 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment. The unit, based at Downs Barracks, had the mission of patrolling the East-West German border. During the late 1980s the 11th's 4th Squadron (Air) operated the first air assault school in Europe, known as the Blackhorse Air Assault School, based in Fulda.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap
After the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991 the regiment ended its seventeen-year station along the Iron Curtain.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap
The Blackhorse Regiment deployed an aviation task force on 10 April 1991 to Turkey for Operation Provide Comfort, an operation to support the Kurdish relief effort. One month later, the three maneuver squadrons (1st, 2d and 3d) along with the regiment's support squadron, deployed to Kuwait for Operation Positive Force, an operation to secure Kuwait so it could rebuild from the war. By October, the regiment had completed its missions in Turkey and Kuwait and returned to Fulda. As the need for US forces in Europe decreased, the Blackhorse Regiment was inactivated in a ceremony on 15 October 1993, and the remaining troops departed Germany in March 1994.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fulda Gap, Training the force
Reactivated again on 26 October 1994, the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment now serves as the Army's Opposing Force at the National Training Center. The regiment portrays a determined opposing force that trains US forces in the basic principles of army operations and challenges all the battlefield operating systems. As the 2nd Brigade Tactical Group, the squadron trains brigade and battalion task forces during ten rotations a year at the National Training Center.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
First Squadron, 11th Armored Cavalry, "Ironhorse", was activated as a horse squadron at Fort Myer, Virginia in 1901. It has served in the Philippines, Mexico, Europe, and Vietnam. It is now organized as a combined arms battalion, and comprises one of the two maneuver elements of the 11th ACR. It is organized around a Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (HHT), and four line troops (two infantry, two armor), with a total authorized strength of 720 soldiers.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
It is equipped with the OPFOR Surrogate Vehicle, an M901 ITV highly modified with an M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle turret to represent the BMP-2 armored personnel carrier, and the OSTV (OPFOR Surrogate Tank Vehicle) a vehicle based on the OPFOR Surrogate Vehicle which can simulate a wide spectrum of threat tanks. Using this equipment and configuration, the squadron performs the first of its two primary missions, acting as a non-permissive opposing force (OPFOR) during ten FORSCOM combat training rotations each year. The squadron's second mission is to deploy and fight as a combined arms battalion for various contingency operations throughout the world. In order to support this mission, the squadron must also maintain, operate and remain proficient on the M1A1 Abrams Tank and M2A2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
Commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hennisse, the approximately 400 men of the squadron trained nine months before becoming the first squadron to leave for the regiment's inaugural deployment, to the Philippines. Arriving in January 1902, Troops A and D patrolled Samar, where they fought the regiment's first engagement.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
In 1905, the regiment relocated to Fort Des Moines, Iowa. In 1906, the 1st Squadron remained in Des Moines while the rest of the regiment deployed to Cuba as part of President Theodore Roosevelt's Army of Pacification. In 1909, the 1st Squadron rejoined the rest of the regiment in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
On 12 March 1916, the regiment received orders to join General John J. Pershing as part of the Mexican Punitive Expedition to pursue Pancho Villa. Nine days later, the 1st Squadron led the way, arriving in Mexico on 21 March. Later, the 1st Squadron rode 22 hours straight to the rescue of United States forces besieged in Parral.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
The 11th ACR was not deployed during World War I. During this period, 1st Squadron conducted port operations in Newport News, Virginia. After the Armistice, the regiment, with its predominantly black horses, was stationed at the Presidio of Monterey, in California. The Army reorganizations for World War II eliminated the horse cavalry in 1940 and 1st Squadron traded in "saddles and hooves" for "tracks and steel". The regiment was inactivated 15 July 1942. The personnel and equipment of the former 1st and 2nd Squadrons was combined to form the newly designated 11th Tank Battalion, which later fought at the Battle of the Bulge.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
On 1 April 1951, the regiment was reactivated as the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, as part of the build-up for the Korean War. The regiment served in Fort Carson, Colorado and Fort Knox, Kentucky until deploying to Germany to replace the 6th ACR along the Czechoslovakian border.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
In July 1964, 1st Squadron, along with the regiment, transferred to Fort Meade, Maryland. In 1966, the regiment deployed to Vietnam. The 1st Squadron earned the Valorous Unit Awards (twice), the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry (three times), and the Presidential Unit Citation. It was during the Vietnam War that the 11th ACR was granted authorization to wear its distinctive unit patch.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
President Barack Obama awarded Alpha Troop of the 1st Squadron the Presidential Unit Citation on 20 October 2009, in recognition of a rescue mission 26 March 1970.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
In February 1971, 1st Squadron was inactivated, then reactivated in May 1972, at Downs Barracks in Fulda, Germany.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
During the Southwest Asia Campaign, Ironhorse operated Camp Colt, a scout training camp for reservists reporting to active duty. Following Desert Storm, the regiment deployed to Kuwait in support of Operation Positive Force from June 1991 to September 1991. 1st Squadron, along with the rest of the regiment, was inactivated at Fulda, Germany in March 1994.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
The 1/63rd Armored Regiment, Fort Irwin, California was reflagged 1st Squadron, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment in October 1994 with the mission of Opposing Forces for the National Training Center and continues to do so today.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
On 30 January 2005, 1st Squadron left Fort Irwin for Iraq. After spending about three weeks in Kuwait, the squadron moved to Camp Taji on the outskirts of Baghdad. The squadron was assigned the task of patrolling the Adhamiyah sector of Baghdad, a suburb of Baghdad just north of Sadr City. The squadron was also assigned the task of training Iraqi Army units to ultimately take over control of the sector.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
On 21 May 2005, the squadron left Camp Taji for Camp Liberty, one of the many camps that encircle Baghdad International Airport. Their new task was to patrol the Abu Ghraib sector just west of Baghdad and to provide perimeter security for Abu Ghraib prison.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
While in the Abu Ghraib sector, 1/11 ACR participated in Operation Thunder Cat along with the 256th Infantry Brigade of the Louisiana Army National Guard. The operation focused on disrupting IED cells in and around the Abu Ghraib sector, west of Baghdad. During this operation, 1/11 ACR uncovered five separate weapons caches, detained four suspected insurgents and uncovered $2,200 in US currency.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 1st Squadron
The squadron redeployed to Fort Irwin on 22 January 2006 where it resumed its opposing forces mission for the National Training Center. During its deployment, the Nevada Army National Guard's 1st Squadron, 221st Cavalry, the 11th's former official roundout unit, took over the duty of OPFOR.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 2nd Squadron
The 2nd Squadron is part of the Army's Opposing Force at the National Training Center, conducting battle operations in accordance with published doctrine and combat instructions. While in its role as the 801st Brigade Tactical Group, the Eaglehorse Squadron portrays an opposing force (OPFOR) that trains US forces in the basic principles of combined arms maneuver (CAM) and wide area security (WAS). The regiment trains brigade and battalion task forces during ten rotations a year at the National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, California. Additionally between rotations, the squadron conducts realistic, live-fire based training at the platoon and Bradley crew level.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 2nd Squadron
The 1st Battalion (Mechanized), 52d Infantry was inactivated on 26 October 1994 and the 2d Squadron was reactivated in its place by reflagging the existing unit. The 2d Squadron ("Eaglehorse") was activated on 2 February 1901 at Fort Myer, Virginia, and its military campaign geographic areas include the Philippines, Mexico, Europe, Vietnam, and support in Southwest Asia. 2nd Squadron deployed with the regiment to the Philippines to suppress insurgent forces during November 1901. This deployment was commemorated by the bolos becoming part of the Blackhorse crest. The Blackhorse Regiment settled in Fort Des Moines, Iowa in 1905.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 2nd Squadron
The 2nd Squadron deployed to Cuba, 16 October 1906, as part of President Theodore Roosevelt's Army of Pacification. Their mission was to patrol and be a show of force. Eaglehorse joined with the General J. Pershing Pancho Villa Expedition in a punitive action against Mexico, with orders to pursue Pancho Villa, on 12 March 1916. Major Robert L. Howze, Commander, 2nd Squadron, led the "last mounted charge" on 5 May 1916, placing the Eaglehorse Squadron action as a milestone in military history.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 2nd Squadron
The Blackhorse Regiment patrolled the U.S.-Mexican border from 1919 through 1942. The regiment received the name "Blackhorse" and a distinctive coat of arms while stationed at the Presidio of Monterey.


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 2nd Squadron, World War II
The regiment inactivated as a "horse regiment" on 15 July 1942 at Fort Benning, Georgia. The Headquarters and Headquarters Troop was redesignated on 19 April 1943 as the Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 11th Cavalry Group Mechanized. The former squadrons of the 11th Cavalry were sent to fight with the 10th Armored Division and the 90th Infantry Division overseas. The new HHT, 11th Cavalry Group Mechanized drew new squadrons, the 36th and 44th, and also received an Assault Gun Troop (Howitzer Battery).


11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Current organization, 2nd Squadron, World War II
After guarding the US southeastern coast from March 1944 until 1 June 1944, the group moved to Camp Gordon, Georgia to begin training for overseas deployment, The regiment arrived in the United Kingdom on 10 October 1944. The regiment entered France on 23 November 1944. Moving through France and Germany, the Blackhorse was assigned to the Ninth US Army and attached to XIII Corps, whose flank the Blackhorse screened during the corps' sweep from the Roer to the Rhine.