14 Minutes Until Start, Creation
The song was not widely distributed in the Soviet Union until after the success of the Vostok 1 Mission, but became an almost obligatory addition to any space-related musical repertoire afterwards. The song peaked in popularity in summer 1962, when it was sung aboard the Vostok 3 spaceflight by cosmonauts Andriyan Nikolayev and Pavel Popovich, as well as at when the crew of Vostok 3 were received by Nikita Khrushchev after the mission.


14 Minutes Until Start, Censorship and Criticism
Several alterations were made to the lyrics of 14 Minutes Until Start after its release. One of the first changes was the alteration of the lyric 'blue planet' (Russian: Планета голубая, tr. Planeta golubaya), which was altered to 'planet dear' (Russian: Планета дорогая, tr. Planeta dorogaya) almost immediately after being submitted to the Ministry of Culture for editing. The exact reason why this lyric was changed remains unknown. Another attempted alteration to the lyrics was the term 'dusty paths' (Russian: пыльных тропинках, tr. pyl'nykh tropinkakh), which was criticised by Soviet censors as 'deromanticising the image of space'.


14 Minutes Until Start, Censorship and Criticism
It was proposed that the term 'new paths' be used instead, but ultimately, Voinovich refused to change the lyric. In his biography, Voinovich defended his word choice by stating that any cosmic path would be dusty because 'there are no wipers in space', and that using the term 'new paths' implied that there were pre-existing old paths. The lyric 'dusty paths' was kept in the final version, although Voinovich allegedly continued to receive phone calls after the song was published urging him to alter the wording.


14 Minutes Until Start, Censorship and Criticism
Another criticism of Voinovich's lyrics came from cosmonaut Pavel Popovich, who requested that the lyric 'Let's have a smoke before the start' be altered to 'Let's sing before the start', on account of the fact that cosmonauts were forbidden to smoke. Voinovich responded to the criticism by saying that, as long as he did not tell Popovich how to fly a spacecraft, Popovich had no right to tell him how to write song lyrics. The lyric ultimately remained unchanged.


14 Minutes Until Start, Censorship and Criticism
In 1974, Voinovich was expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers, and subsequently exiled from the USSR six years later. After his expulsion, the use of 14 Minutes Until Start drastically decreased, although this decrease in broadcast coincided with a general decrease in Soviet space exploration. 14 Minutes Until Start remains a moderately popular song in Russia today, and has spawned several contemporary parodies.


14 Nam Cheong Street
14 Nam Cheong Street (Chinese: 为群公寓) is a 6-story building in Hong Kong completed in 1964. The building is a fourth-gen tong lau. It is a corner house.


14 Nam Cheong Street
The building is located in Sham Shui Po District in West Kowloon, at the junction of Nam Cheong Street and Boundary Street. It is busy with people and the units inside are very small.


14 Nam Cheong Street, History
In 2015, Mascotte Holdings Limited acquired a number of flats for HKD 34.6 million.


14 Nam Cheong Street, History
In 2019, the building was renovated as of today. Its exterior is now colored bronze and its terraces are sealed. The red handwriting sign vanished.


14 October (newspaper)
14 October is an Arabic daily newspaper published in Aden, Yemen.


14 October (newspaper), History and profile
14 October was started in 1968. The paper was named after the revolution in the South of Yemen on 14 October 1967. It is published in Arabic and is headquartered in Aden. It was formerly run by the government of South Yemen before the reunification in 1990. It is currently run by the state of Yemen and its publisher is the 14th October Foundation for Journalism, Printing and Publishing. Ahmed Mohammed Alhubaishi is the editor-in-chief of the daily.


14 October (newspaper), History and profile
14 October mostly provides news offered by the Saba news agency, the official news agency of Yemen. At the end of 2010, the paper had a circulation of 20,000 copies.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings
On 14 October 2017, two truck bombings took place in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, killing at least 587 people and injuring 316 others. Almost all of the casualties were caused by one of the trucks, which detonated when the driver, while attempting to escape from security officials, crashed through a barrier and exploded in the Hodan District, destroying a hotel; the intended target of the attack is believed to have been a secure compound housing international agencies and troops. The second blast happened close by, killing two people. A third explosives-laden truck was captured by police.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings
Though no organisation claimed responsibility, officials stated that a key member of the cell that carried it out told them Islamist group Al-Shabaab was responsible.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings
The attack is the deadliest in Somalia's history, surpassing the 2011 Mogadishu bombing that killed 100 people, and the deadliest bombing in Africa. It is also the third deadliest terrorist bombing attack and the sixth-deadliest act of terrorism in modern history, surpassed only by the 1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers in Sri Lanka, the 2008 Christmas massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007 Yazidi communities bombings, the 2014 Camp Speicher massacre in Iraq, and the September 11 attacks in the United States. In response to the bombings, Somali president Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed declared three days of mourning.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Background
During the summer of 2011, the East African region faced a drought and shortage of food supplies, particularly in the Somali region, forcing tens of thousands of people to cross the borders into Ethiopia and Kenya for refuge. Al-Shabaab, a jihadist fundamentalist group designated as a terrorist organization by several countries, threatened to expel the aid groups working in the area before the African Union's AMISOM troops took action to force the al-Shabaab fighters out of the region.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Background
In July 2010, al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for a bombing in Kampala, Uganda, in retaliation for Uganda's support to, and presence in, AMISOM.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Background
In 2017, Somalia was continuing to suffer its worst drought in 40 years, with climatic catastrophe compounded by war and poor governance. Al-Shabaab banned humanitarian assistance in areas it controls, forcing hundreds of thousands of people to choose between starvation or brutal punishment.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Background
The United States had a military involvement in Somalia until 1994, and had then withdrawn. Earlier in 2017 the US designated Somalia a "zone of active hostilities" (allowing it to apply looser rules and oversight concerning the authorization of drone strikes and ground operations), and the deployment of regular US forces to Somalia was again authorized. This saw America's ground forces in Somalia increase from about 50 in 2016 to 400 in 2017.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Background
The bombings occurred amidst deep public discontent and political divisions between federal and regional leaders.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Attacks
On 14 October 2017, a large truck filled with explosives was detonated at a busy crossroads near the Safari Hotel in the Hodan District, at least a kilometre from the Medina Gate. The effect of the bombing was compounded by a fuel tanker parked nearby that caused a massive fireball. Sources close to the government said that the truck contained 350 kg of home-made and military-grade explosives. The truck had been briefly detained at a checkpoint, but was allowed to proceed after local authorities vouched for it; it was then stopped by security officials while stuck in a traffic jam. When it was about to be searched, the driver accelerated and crashed through a barrier, and the truck exploded. The Safari Hotel collapsed, trapping many under its rubble, and the Qatari embassy was severely damaged.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Attacks
According to a Somali intelligence official investigating the attack, the truck was overloaded and covered with a tarpaulin. The dust on it aroused the suspicion of soldiers at a checkpoint just outside Mogadishu. The soldiers ordered the driver to park and get out, with the assailant calling a well-known man who vouched for the truck. After passing the checkpoint, the truck sped through another one where the soldiers fired at it and flattened one of its tires. The driver parked on a busy street and detonated it. A senior police official investigating it stated that it was packed with 2 tonnes (2.2 U.S. tons) of explosives.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Attacks
A Toyota Noah minivan loaded with explosives was also intercepted and stopped; it later detonated without casualties.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Attacks
Officials said that the target of the attacks was the heavily guarded Mogadishu airport compound, where the United Nations, most embassies, and the headquarters of the 22,000-strong AMISOM, are based. The minivan was to blast open the Medina Gate entrance to the compound to allow the truck with more explosives to be driven in and detonated. The possibility of complicity of personnel manning vehicle checkpoints was being investigated, after claims the first truck was stopped at two checkpoints en route to Mogadishu without any cargo inspection.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Attacks
A second bombing occurred about 30 minutes later, less than 300 metres away, killing two people in the Medina district.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Victims
As of 4 March 2018, at least 587 people had been confirmed killed. The explosion took place on one of the busiest streets in Mogadishu; victims included senior civil servants, five paramedic volunteers, a journalist, an American-Somali man, a medical student and 15 children. The full death total may never be known with certainty, as the remains of many people would not be found due to the intense heat (which could be felt 100 metres away from the scene), and others were buried quickly by relatives following Islamic custom. Around 160 bodies could not be recognised, doctor Aden Nur said, and they were buried by the government the day after the bombing. Over a hundred injured were taken to the Madina hospital—one of six overcrowded nearby hospitals.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Perpetrators
While no group has admitted responsibility, officials believe the attack was made by a cell of the group al-Shabaab, following statements made by a key member, a veteran militant who had taken part in previous attacks in Mogadishu, with investigators believing the attack may have been motivated out of desire for revenge for the botched United States-led raid on his hometown in August. He was arrested while driving a second explosives-packed vehicle into the city on the day of the explosion.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Perpetrators
An official said that the man had confessed, and was proud of what he had done, which he said was for jihad. Another official said that the bombs were hidden under rice, sugar and other goods in the truck. The driver was detained but a local businessman and tribal leader vouched for the truck. The official stated they were investigating whether the attackers had help from within the security forces. A Somali intelligence official stated that the man who vouched for the truck had been arrested.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Perpetrators
In February 2018, a military court in Mogadishu sentenced two people to death for their role in the bombings. According to the court, Hassan Aden Isak was driving a truck intended to be used in a second bombing on the day. Ibrahim Hassan Absuge was sentenced in absentia for the bombings as well, and is also accused of masterminding the November 2016 Mogadishu car bombing, which killed 20 people.


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Reactions, Domestic
The Somali president, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, declared three days of national mourning. He and hundreds of other Somali citizens donated blood. "Today’s horrific attack proves our enemy would stop (at) nothing to cause our people pain and suffering. Let’s unite against terror," he said on Twitter. "Time to unite and pray together. Terror won’t win."


14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, Reactions, International
The United States Department of State expressed condolences to victims and wished a quick recovery for the injured. It called the attack "senseless and cowardly" and said it would stand with Somalia against extremism.


14 On Fire
14 On Fire was a concert tour by the Rolling Stones, which started on 21 February 2014 in Abu Dhabi. It was a follow-up to the 50 & Counting tour which celebrated the 50th anniversary of the band. The tour was very much similar to the 50 & Counting just as the "Urban Jungle" portion of the Stones' Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour in 1990 was similar to the "Steel Wheels" portion in 1989. 14 On Fire had the same stage design, setlist structure, and clothing/merchandise as 50 & Counting. Also, Mick Taylor was a guest throughout this tour as in 50 & Counting.


14 On Fire, History
On 3 December 2013, the full Australian and New Zealand tour dates were announced and being billed as the 14 On Fire tour. The same day, they announced four other dates in Asia and for the first time one show in Abu Dhabi, Middle East. On 17 January 2014, they announced that they will play a one-off show at the Shanghai Mercedes-Benz Arena on 12 March 2014. On 13 February 2014, they announced that they will play a one-night only show at the Singapore Marina Bay Sands Grand Ballroom on 15 March 2014.


14 On Fire, History
On 12 March 2014, they announced that they will headline the Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands and the TW Classic Festival in Belgium in June 2014. On 17 March 2014, they announced two one-off shows in Germany in June while more major shows in Europe in May, June and July 2014 were announced the following week.


14 On Fire, History
Following L'Wren Scott's sudden death on 17 March in New York City, Mick Jagger, her life partner since 2001, flew to Los Angeles while the rest of the band returned to England. Scott's body was flown to Los Angeles where Jagger and Scott's brother, Randy Bambrough, coordinated an intimate service on 25 March with about 70 people in attendance. All the Australia and New Zealand shows were subsequently postponed with new dates to be scheduled between 25 October and 22 November 2014.


14 On Fire, History
Those dates were announced on 15 April 2014 while two new shows were added (1 at the Perth Arena and 1 at Hope Estate, Hunter Valley) along with the originally scheduled shows. There were to be a total of 8 shows in Australia and 1 in New Zealand. The performance on 25 October at the Adelaide Oval was the first be held at the venue since its complete redevelopment.


14 On Fire, History
On 4 June 2014, the Rolling Stones performed for the first time in Israel in what was dubbed a historic appearance, the Haaretz going as far as describing the concert as being "Historic with a capital H". To an extent, the Stones' Israeli debut provided a means of closure vis-à-vis the early background of Rock n' Roll in Israel; in 1965, Prime Minister David Ben Gurion and numerous politicians in the Knesset, Israel's parliament, had believed at the time that rock performances might corrupt the minds of the Israeli youth. Accordingly, at the time, the State of Israel had cancelled scheduled performances of notable artists.


14 On Fire, History
On 6 November 2014, they were forced to cancel the show at Hanging Rock scheduled for 8 November after Jagger had developed a throat infection. He was under strict doctor's orders to rest his vocal chords in order to recuperate for the remainder of the tour.


14 On Fire, Tour rehearsals and secret warm-up show
In preparation for the tour, prior to the first show, the Rolling Stones rehearsed 65 songs in Bondy near Paris from 3 to 14 February 2014 (in a rehearsal studio named Planet Live). On 14 February 2014, the 10th and last day of rehearsals, the Rolling Stones invited fans to attend an intimate show at the rehearsals studio in Bondy. Thus, the band performed an impromptu secret warm-up show playing 11 songs to the first 27 fans among a total of approximately 50 ones which were initially standing in front of the studio waiting for the band to appear. For the summer leg of the tour in Europe, the band rehearsed in London from 14 to 22 May before moving final rehearsals to the Telenor Arena in Oslo, Norway where they played their first show on 26 May 2014.


14 On Fire, Set list
This set list is representative of the opening performance in Abu Dhabi. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett
14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, 556 U.S. 247 (2009), is a United States labor law case decided by the United States Supreme Court on the rights of unionized workers to sue their employer for age discrimination. In this 2009 decision, the Court decided that whenever a union contract "clearly and unmistakably" requires that all age discrimination claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 be decided through arbitration, then employees subject to that contract cannot have those claims heard in court.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett
Pyett's lawyers, in addition to arguing that a union could not legally bargain away an employee's right to pursue an ADEA claim in court, also argued that "the facts… [show that the union] Local32BJ… has not done so in this case." However, because these arguments had not been raised in the lower courts, the Supreme Court chose not to consider them and decided that the Collective Bargaining Agreement in this case did mandate that the employees' ADEA claims had to be resolved through arbitration.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett
Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in 14 Penn Plaza v. Pyett, employees who were covered under union contracts, often referred to as bargaining unit members, had been able to raise any claims of civil rights violations by their employer in court. This had been the case regardless of the language which was stated in their union contract, a document often referred to as a collective bargaining agreement, or CBA.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts
Steven Pyett, Thomas O' Connell and Michael Phillips worked for Temco Service Industries, Inc., a maintenance service and cleaning contractor in New York City. Pyett and O'Connell were night watchmen and Phillips held a similar position as a night-starter at an office building owned by Pennsylvania Building Company and 14 Penn Plaza, LLC.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts
The men were members of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 32BJ. Their positions at Temco were covered under a collective bargaining agreement that their union Local 32BJ had signed with the Realty Advisory Board on Labor Relations (RAB). The RAB represented both Temco and 14 Penn Plaza in labor matters.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts
In August 2003, after receiving consent from the SEIU Local 32BJ, 14 Penn Plaza hired the unionized firm Spartan Security to provide licensed security guard services. Newly contracted security guards were assigned to the building where Pyett, O' Connell and Phillips worked, and Temco reassigned the men to other positions in the same building as night porters and light duty cleaners.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts
"As the only building employees over the age of 50," Pyett, O' Connell and Phillips believed that their job reassignments to less desirable and less lucrative positions were the result of age discrimination and requested that their union file a grievance over the matter.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts
The workers' age discrimination claims progressed through four stages spanning five years on its way to the Supreme Court. Here is a summary of that path.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, Grievance and arbitration
The union filed grievances alleging that Pyett, O' Connell and Phillips' job reassignments had violated the collective bargaining agreement by:


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, Grievance and arbitration
Arbitrator Earl Pfeffer held his initial hearing on the Pyett, O' Connell and Phillips grievances on February 2, 2004. A few weeks later, in a letter dated February 23, 2004, the union withdrew the charge of age discrimination from the grievances. Having previously agreed to the hiring of the licensed security guards, the union believed it could not "legitimately object to [the workers'] reassignments as discriminatory."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, Grievance and arbitration
After several hearings, the arbitrator rendered his opinion on August 10, 2005, denying the other grievance claims.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
On May 26, 2004, Pyett, O' Connell and Phillips each filed age discrimination charges with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. After reviewing the evidence, the EEOC dismissed each of the men's complaints. Per the agency's practice when its investigation does not substantiate a charge that has been made, the EEOC issued each man a letter of Dismissal and Notice of Rights. The letters notified the men of their right to file a lawsuit in court.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, District court
On August 21, 2004, Pyett, O' Connell and Phillips sued SEIU Local 32BJ. Their lawsuit claimed that the union had breached its duty of fair representation when it withdrew their age discrimination grievance charges. The workers later dropped their lawsuit against the union after the arbitrator rendered his decision on their remaining grievances in August 2005.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, District court
Then, on September 23, 2004, the men filed a lawsuit against Pennsylvania Building Company,14 Penn Plaza, LLC and Temco in District Court. The lawsuit charged that their job reassignments were in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, District court
The companies filed a motion to dismiss the charges as well as a motion to compel arbitration under sections 3 and 4 of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) [ 9 U. S. C. §§3]. On May 31, 2006, District Judge Naomi Reice Buchwald denied both motions. In denying the motion to compel arbitration, Judge Buchwald cited a phrase that would later be used by the Supreme Court in their decision to reverse the Court of Appeals ruling. She cited that it was "binding… precedent that even a clear and unmistakable union-negotiated waiver of a right to litigate certain… claims in a judicial forum is unenforceable."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, U.S. Court of Appeals
On June 1, 2006, Pennsylvania Building Company,14 Penn Plaza, LLC and Temco appealed to the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit under section 16 of the Federal Arbitration Act. Their appeal again sought to compel the plaintiffs to resolve their claims of age discrimination through arbitration.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, U.S. Court of Appeals
On August 1, 2007, Appeals Court Judge José Cabranes upheld the District Court's decision to deny the companies' motion to compel arbitration. In his decision he wrote that "mandatory arbitration clauses in collective bargaining agreements are unenforceable to the extent that they waive the rights of covered workers to a judicial forum for federal statutory causes of action."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Facts, U.S. Court of Appeals
The judge continued that "the District Court recognized… the distinction our Court has drawn between arbitration clauses in individual contracts… and arbitration clauses in [collective bargaining agreement]s."  The former, he wrote, was "governed by a line of Supreme Court cases represented by Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp.."  The later was governed "by a line of Supreme Court cases represented by Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
A sharply divided Supreme Court delivered a 5–4 decision in favor of 14 Penn Plaza and overturning the Second Circuit judge's decision. In doing so, the Court ruled that some collective bargaining agreements do require employees to pursue legal action under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 through arbitration rather than in court. The Court also ruled that the CBA in this case did require ADEA claims to be arbitrated.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
Justice Clarence Thomas authored the Court's opinion. He was joined in the majority by Chief Justice John Roberts, and Justices Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and Samuel Alito.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
In its decision, the Court flipped the Second Circuit's reasoning by rejecting the Gardner-Denver line of precedent and embracing that of its 1991 decision in Gilmer. In doing so, the Court eliminated the widely held legal distinction between mandatory arbitration agreements, like the one that had been upheld in Gilmer, and collective bargaining agreements, like the ones at issue in both Gardner-Denver and 14 Penn Plaza. This distinction, Justice Souter pointed out in his dissent, had consistently been observed by each of the U.S. Appeals Courts except the Fourth Circuit.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
One major difference between the two types of agreements is that the former is signed directly by the individual effected by it, while the latter is signed by a union representative. Another difference is that the implementation of mandatory arbitration agreements is governed by a 1925 law called the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA). Union contracts, on the other hand, are governed by a different law passed in 1935 called the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and enforced by an "independent federal agency" called the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
Justice Thomas, writing for the majority, now concluded that "nothing in the law suggests a distinction" between the two types of agreements.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
The 14 Penn Plaza majority opinion discerned that Gardner-Denver was decided correctly "on the narrow ground… that the collective bargaining agreement did not cover statutory claims." However, the majority strongly disputed Gardner-Denver and its descendant cases',  "broad dicta" ("Judicial dictum is an opinion by a court on a question that is not essential to its decision even though it may be directly involved.") as based on a "misconceived view of arbitration that this Court has since abandoned." The majority identified three such "misconceptions."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
The first misconception it identified was that to "submit statutory discrimination claims to arbitration was tantamount to a waiver of those rights." Rather, they concluded, "it waives only the right to seek relief from a court."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
The second misconception was that arbitrators "competence… to decide legal issue[s]," as well the "informality" and "fact finding process" of arbitration make it an unsuitable venue to decide people's legal rights. Justice Thomas added that "the informality of arbitration is one of the chief reasons that parties select" it, and that arbitration's "more streamlined" procedures did not render them "inadequate."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
The third misconception that the Court's opinion sought to refute was regarding the real or potential conflict of interest between a union as a whole and the individual members that make up its bargaining unit. Nothing in the text of the ADEA, the majority wrote, would justify "singling out an arbitration provision for disfavored treatment" "simply because of an alleged conflict of interest between a union and its members." It added "In any event, Congress has accounted for this conflict of interest" by allowing bargaining unit members to take legal action against their union with the National Labor Relations Board and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
Lastly, the 14 Penn Plaza majority turned its attention to "respondents… series of arguments contending that the particular CBA at issue does not clearly and unmistakably require them to arbitrate their ADEA claims." These arguments centered around the collective bargaining agreement's provision that they gave the union, rather than individual bargaining unit members, complete control over whether, and for how long, to pursue a grievance. Therefore, "[a]bsent any [individual employee's] arbitration right, there is no… support [for] a motion to compel arbitration."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
While the Court notes that it could still consider these arguments even though council for Pyett, O'Connell and Phillips had not raised them in the lower courts, it chose not to, citing a precedent set in Heckler v. Campbell. In that decision, the Court stated that it would address arguments that had not been raised in the lower courts "only in exceptional cases." The 14 Penn Plaza majority followed with "This is not an "exceptional case," and added that this issue "was not fully briefed to this or any court." Consequently, the Court "hesitat[ed] to invalidate arbitration agreements on the basis of speculation."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment
The Court concluded that the CBA at issue in this case "clearly and unmistakably requires respondents to arbitrate the age-discrimination claims at issue in this appeal."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Souter's dissent
Justice David Souter authored one of two dissenting opinions. He was joined by Justices John Paul Stevens, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Souter's dissent
In Justice Souter's dissent, he disputes what he refers to as the majority's "bald assertion that "[n]othing in the law suggests a distinction between the status of arbitration agreements signed by an individual employee and those agreed to by a union representative." The "applicability of the Gardner-Denver rule" to this case, he writes, is "unquestionable" and that "[o]nce we have construed a statute, stability is the rule and… [t]here is no argument for abandoning precedent here."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Souter's dissent
The dissenting justices claim that the majority "misreads the case" of Gardner-Denver by concluding that its outcome hinged solely upon the scope, or specific language, of the collective bargaining agreement. "One need only read Gardner-Denver itself to know that it was not at all so narrowly reasoned."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Souter's dissent
Quoting from the text of the ADEA, Justice Souter notes that "'Any person aggrieved' under the Act 'may bring a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction for legal or equitable relief' 29 U.S.C. §6269(c)."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Souter's dissent
The minority contends that "Congress itself has unsurprisingly understood Gardner-Denver the way we have repeatedly explained it and has operated on the assumption that a CBA cannot waive employees' rights to a judicial forum to enforce antidiscrimination statutes." They continue, "Congress has had [over] 30 years in which it could have corrected our decision … if it disagreed with it, and has not chosen to do so."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Souter's dissent
Finally, Justice Souter speculates that the majority opinion may have a limited effect because it "explicitly" leaves unanswered the question of whether or not "a CBA's waiver of judicial forum is enforceable when the union controls access to and presentation of employees' claims in arbitration."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Stevens' dissent
In addition to signing onto Justice Souter's dissent, Justice John Paul Stevens authored an additional dissent. Justice Stevens criticized the majority for what he considered its "subversion of precedent." He expressed his opposition not only to the Court's "policy favoring arbitration" in the 14 Penn Plaza and Gilmer decisions, but also in a series of decisions from 1981 to 2001. In these cases, he wrote, "my colleagues were making policy choices not made by Congress."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Judgment, Stevens' dissent
Writing about Gardner-Denver, he concluded with "[i]n the absence of an intervening amendment" from Congress, we are "bound by that decision."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance
The Supreme Court has since reversed several additional lower court rulings involving mandatory arbitration. 14 Penn Plaza has been heavily criticized in academic literature, and calls for its reversal through an Arbitration Fairness Act have been made.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Stolt-Nielsen v. Animalfeeds International Corp.
On April 27, 2010, the Supreme Court reversed a United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit decision regarding class action arbitration in Stolt-Nielsen v. Animalfeeds International Corp. Both parties had agreed that their arbitration agreement was silent on the issue of class actions. A panel of arbitrators decided that the customer could pursue class arbitration. Their decision was ultimately reversed by the Supreme Court.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion
On April 27, 2011, the Supreme Court reversed a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit decision in AT & T Mobility v. Concepcion. Customers brought a class action suit against their cell phone company for false advertising and fraud. The Ninth Circuit court determined that the contract's arbitration clause, which precluded class arbitration, was unconscionable under California's Discover Bank rule. The rule allowed for a class action suit "where a party with superior bargaining power was alleged to have cheated large numbers of consumers out of individually small sums of money." The Supreme Court overruled this decision, holding that section 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act preempted the California rule.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Marmet Health Care Center v. Brown
On February 21, 2012, the Supreme Court overruled a Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia decision involving a state lawsuit brought by three families of nursing home patients in Marmet Health Care Center v. Brown. The state supreme court of appeals had allowed the family members of three nursing home patients who had died to sue the nursing homes for negligence. In doing so, it upheld a West Virginia state law prohibiting pre-dispute agreements that mandate arbitration of personal-injury or wrongful-death claims against nursing homes. The U.S. Supreme Court decided that the state rule violated the Federal Arbitration Act and vacated the state court's judgment.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Arbitration Fairness Act of 2011
2012-12-11 at the Wayback Machine was introduced in May 2011 by Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), Al Franken (D-MN) and 11 Senate co-sponsors.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Arbitration Fairness Act of 2011
A companion bill was introduced in the House of Representatives   2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine by Representative Henry "Hank" Johnson [D-GA]  The bill, first introduced to Congress in 2007, leaves arbitration provisions in collective bargaining agreements between employers and labor unions unaffected "except that no such arbitration provision shall have the effect of waiving the right of an employee to seek judicial enforcement of a [federal or state law, or federal or state Constitutional] right or related public policy.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Arbitration Fairness Act of 2011
The bill would also bar the enforcement of mandatory arbitration clauses between corporations and consumers or non-union employees.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Arbitration Fairness Act of 2011
The bill's "findings" section states that:*Most consumers and employees have little or no meaningful choice whether to submit their claims to arbitration.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Arbitration Fairness Act of 2011
The House Judiciary Committee referred the bill to the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law on June 1, 2011. The Senate Judiciary Committee held hearings on the Arbitration Fairness Act on October 13, 2011.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Community support for the bill
A wide coalition of organizations including social justice, public interest, labor, consumer protection, civil rights, housing and homeowner,  health care advocacy, legal advocacy and other community groups are supporting the passage of the Arbitration Fairness Act of 2011 S.987 and H.R.1873.


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Community support for the bill
In a letter to the House Judiciary Committee dated May 17, 2011, 48 organizations  including the American Civil Liberties Union, Consumer Action, the AFL-CIO and the NAACP, urged the committee to end the "predatory practice of forcing non-union employees and consumers to sign away their rights to legal protections and access to the courts." The practice, they write, allows corporations to "shield themselves from accountability for wrongdoing."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Community support for the bill
The letter also questions the impartiality of "arbitrators who rely on major corporations for repeat business" as well as the relative lack of oversight and "limit[ed]… procedural protections and remedies otherwise available to individuals in a court of law."


14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, Significance, Community support for the bill
The coalition of groups also oppose the "exorbitant filing fees, continuous fees for procedures such as motions and written findings, and "loser pays" rules in arbitration [which] are prohibitive to many individuals."


14 Persei
14 Persei is a single star in the northern constellation Perseus, located roughly 1,900 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude is 5.43. The object is slowly moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −1.2 km/s.


14 Persei
The spectral classification of 14 Persei is as a G0 yellow supergiant, but in other respects it appears to be a giant star. The class has been given as G0Ib-II Ca1 CH-1 or G0Ib-IIa Ca1, where the abundance suffixes indicate stronger Calcium lines than expected for its class, or weaker hydrocarbons. Other analyses of the spectrum give a class of G0Ib. Stellar models of 14 Persei yield an estimated mass four times that of the Sun and an age of 162 million years. It has expanded to 57 times the Sun's radius and has a projected rotational velocity of 8.7 km/s. The star is radiating 372 times as much luminosity compared to the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,624 K.


14 Persei
14 Persei has been calculated to lie within the Cepheid instability strip although it is not considered to be variable. Uncertainty in the absolute magnitude means that the star may actually lie near the instability strip but not on it. Small periodic radial velocity variations are seen, but an order of magnitude or more smaller than for Cepheid variables and with longer periods than would be expected for pulsations. The cause of the radial velocity changes and the difference between variable and non-variable stars within the instability strip is unknown.


14 Phere
14 Phere is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language social comedy drama film directed by Devanshu Singh and produced by Zee Studios. The film stars Vikrant Massey and Kriti Kharbanda in the lead roles.


14 Phere, Plot
Sanjay Lal Singh and Aditi Karwasra, two individuals belonging to different castes, fall in love and wish to get married. However, knowing their parents will disapprove, they hatch a plan to convince them.


14 Phere, Production
Principal photography commenced on 26 November 2020 in Mumbai, and was wrapped up in January 2021.


14 Phere, Reception
Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express gave the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "Between the long-drawn, wholly preposterous idea of fake ‘baraatis’, and two ‘shaadis’, there’s just confusion in this Vikrant Massey-Kriti Kharbanda film." Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "Notwithstanding the serviceable chemistry between the lead actors and a few performances from the supporting cast, the film goes around in circles."


14 Phere, Reception
Rahul Desai of Film Companion gave the film a negative review and stated that the film "loses its spirit and identity" and is "half-funny, half-serious And fully confused". Stutee Ghosh of The Quint gave the film a mixed review and stated, "Given that the humour is pretty flat, the narrative would have benefited with some intense emotional moments and by showing some spine and vision. It almost feels like the message is that as long as one can show off an ostentatious display of wealth and dowry, one can hush up about caste- a rather problematic resolution!"


14 Phere, Reception
Anita Aikara of Rediff.com gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "14 Phere delivers on the feel-good factor, but if you are looking for ground-breaking humour, it will fail to work its way into your hearts." Nandini Ramnath of Scroll gave the film a negative review and criticized the screenplay, performance, the leads, but praised Jameel Khan's performance.


14 Phere, Soundtrack
The music of film was composed by Rajeev V Bhalla and JAM8 while lyrics written by Rajeev. V. Bhalla, Pallavi Mahajan, Geet Sagar and Shloke Lal.


14 Prince's Gate, London
14 Prince's Gate is the building at the east end of a terrace overlooking Hyde Park in Kensington Road, Westminster, London. The whole terrace is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The terrace is called Prince's Gate because it stands opposite the Prince of Wales' Gate to Hyde Park, named after the Prince of Wales who later became Edward VII.


14 Prince's Gate, London
Built in 1849, its owners included members of the Morgan family of American bankers. Number 13 and 14 Prince's Gate were combined into an enlarged Number 14 in the early 20th century. From the 1920s to the 1950s it was the official residence of eight American ambassadors. It later became the first headquarters of the Independent Television Authority and was until 2010 the headquarters of the Royal College of General Practitioners.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Early history
The terrace containing 13 and 14 Prince's Gate was completed in 1849. It was designed by Harvey Lonsdale Elmes and built by John Kelk. Shortly after completion of the terrace, the Crystal Palace was built opposite in Hyde Park to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The first owner of No. 13 was George Baker, a building contractor. No. 14 was leased and then owned by John Pearce, but he did not live there. The first resident, from 1852, was Edward Wyndham Harrington Schenley, a former soldier, who later bought the freehold.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Early history
In 1854 No. 13 was rented by the American banker Junius Spencer Morgan, who bought the house at some time between 1857 and 1859. On his death in 1890 his son, John Pierpont Morgan, inherited the house. Pierpont Morgan spent up to three months every year in London, either in Prince's Gate or at Dover House, in Putney. He was a collector of great art, paintings, books, and many other objects, most of which were kept at Prince's Gate.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Early history
By 1900 the collection was too big to be contained in the house and part of it was loaned to the Victoria and Albert Museum. His collection of paintings included works by Reynolds, Gainsborough, Romney, Constable, Van Dyke, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Fragonard, Velázquez and Holbein. For the nine months of the year that Pierpont Morgan was away from London, the house was cared for by his housekeeper. In 1904, he bought the house next door, No. 14, from Schenley's widow, Mary, and amalgamated it with No. 13. The conjoined house was numbered 14.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Early history
Its external appearance remained that of two separate houses, but internally structural alterations were made. These included the replacement of No. 14's principal staircase by an octagonal hall, and the creation of a lobby with marble columns on the floor above. Pierpont Morgan died in 1913 and the house was inherited by his son, John Pierpont Morgan Junior. The latter never lived in the house and in the First World War he loaned it to the Council of War Relief for the Professional Classes, who used it as a maternity home.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Home of American ambassadors
After the war the house was offered to the American Government as a home for their ambassadors and this offer was accepted in 1921. The house was first used for this purpose in 1929, and this use continued with one interval until 1955. Official business was not conducted at the house, but at the Embassy chancery in Grosvenor Square. The American architect Thomas Hastings was employed to refurbish the building and remodel the façade. As part of this he added images of the heads of Native Americans in the keystones of the arches over the ground floor windows. Hastings transformed the façade in Beaux-Arts style and added a grand staircase. He also modified rooms on the lower two floors to make them more suitable for entertaining.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Home of American ambassadors
Eight ambassadors lived in the house. The first of these was Charles Gates Dawes, who lived there from 1929 to 1932. The Dawes Plan was named after him and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Before he moved to London he was Vice President of the United States. He was succeeded for a short time in 1932 by the banker Andrew Mellon. Like John Pierpont Morgan, Mellon was a major art collector and for a time his collection was housed at Prince's Gate. Mellon was followed by Robert Worth Bingham who served until 1937; he was the ambassador who had the longest residence in the house.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, Home of American ambassadors
Next came Joseph P. Kennedy, father of the future President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. During the Second World War, the ambassador was John Winant, although he did not live in the house, which remained vacant throughout the war. Winant resigned in 1946 and the following year was succeeded by Lewis Douglas, who lived in the house until 1950. The next ambassador was Walter Gifford who served until 1953 when he was succeeded by Winthrop Aldrich. By 1955 a large block of flats had been built next to the house that overlooked and dominated its terrace and the garden behind it. This was considered to be a security risk so the house was sold and the American ambassadors moved to Winfield House.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, More recent history
The house was bought by the Independent Television Authority in July 1955 who used it as their headquarters for six years. They moved out in 1961 when it had become too small for their needs and the house was empty for a year. In July 1962 the Royal College of General Practitioners bought the freehold of the house for £175,000 (£3.76 million as of 2021) to develop it into their headquarters. In 1976 the business of the college was extended next door into No. 15 Prince's Gate. In 1992 the college obtained the freehold of No. 15. The college sold the building in 2010 and moved its headquarters to Euston Square.


14 Prince's Gate, London, History, More recent history
The work of the college was disrupted on the morning of 30 April 1980 with the onset of the Iranian Embassy Siege. The embassy was next to the college at 16 Prince's Gate. The college was evacuated, except for two administrators who were retired naval officers. The siege lasted for five days. Rooms in the college were used by the Special Air Service to plan its attack which ended the siege.


14 Prince's Gate, London, Architecture
Like the buildings at the other end, no.14 is slightly set forward from the rest of the terrace. All the houses in the terrace have five storeys and a basement, and all are stuccoed. As first built, Nos. 13 and 14 were similar houses. Like the rest of the terrace, each had a projecting porch with Ionic columns. To the left of these were two windows. The first floor had a balustraded balcony and three windows over which was a cornice with a central pediment. This was changed by Hastings' remodelling of the façade.


14 Prince's Gate, London, Architecture
The house as a whole now has four bays with rusticated quoins on both corners. On the ground floor, from the east there are two round-headed windows, then the entrance door with a round arch, and then another round-headed window. The keystone of each of these arches bears the image of a Native American. All the other windows in the building are square-headed. The porches and first-floor balconies were removed in Hastings' remodelling. The first floor has four windows; over each of these is a pediment containing decorative plasterwork.


14 Prince's Gate, London, Architecture
The second floor has four windows, while the third floor has six windows. The top floor also has six windows, with decorative plasterwork between them, and over these is a cornice. As such, it included offices, a library, a museum, rooms for meetings and conferences, and residential accommodation for officers and members of the College. Behind the building is an enclosed garden, formed by the terrace in Prince's Gate and other terraces, in a similar fashion to other London squares. In 2010 the College sold the building to a private overseas family fund "for an undisclosed fee".


14 Reels Plus
14 Reels Plus, formerly 14 Reels Entertainment, is an Indian film production and distribution company that primarily operates in Telugu cinema. It is established by Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara.


14 Reels Plus, History
Ram Achanta with his brother Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara started the production company in 2009. All three of them are NRI businessmen and have previous experience in film distribution. Anil Sunkara owns another production company called "AK Entertainments" and produced  Bindaas and 2011 film Aha Naa Pellanta. In 2009, the three decided to enter film production and approached their long time friend and director Srinu Vaitla. In 2009, they started their first film Namo Venkatesa under Vaitla's direction and with Venkatesh and Trisha Krishnan in lead roles. The film was released in 2010 and opened with mixed to negative reviews.


14 Reels Plus, History
After Namo Venkatesa, they again teamed up with Sreen Vaitla to produce Dookudu with Mahesh Babu and Samantha in lead roles. The film production started in late 2010 and was released in September 2011. Upon release the film took the largest opening for a Telugu film, and collected a total share of  ₹₹ 50.07 crores. The film was nominated in 10 categories for the Filmfare Awards South and won 6 awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actor.


14 Reels Plus, History
After Dookudu, they once again teamed up with Mahesh Babu for 1 (Nenokkadine), directed by Sukumar. The film stars Kriti Sanon opposite Mahesh Babu and was scheduled to release in 2014. 1 nenokkadine collected ₹60 crore (US$8.4 million) domestic nett and ₹5 crore (US$700,000) in the rest of India. At overseas 1 nenokkadine boosted up with ₹13 crore (US$1.8 million) nett being 2nd highest grosser at Overseas despite of mixed reviews. 1 nenokkadine collected ₹75 crore (US$11 million) nett in 80 Days worldwide with a gross of ₹115 crore (US$16 million). 1 nenokkadine was made with a budget of ₹70 crore (US$9.8 million) with ₹ 5 crores extra in Prints and marketing. 1 nenokkadine Pre-release revenue's went up to ₹92.5 crore (US$13 million).


14 Reels Plus, History
They began film distribution under the 14 Reels banner in 2010 with S. S. Rajamouli's Maryada Ramanna. They distributed the film in Krishna district. They went on to distribute  Thakita Thakita, 180, 7th Sense, Rachcha, Endukante... Premanta! and more recently Eega. They usually distribute films in Krishna region of Andhra Pradesh and Overseas.


14 Reels Plus, History
In 2018, Ram and Gopichand Achanta started producing under 14 Reels Plus LLC marking Gaddalakonda Ganesh as their first production with out the involvement of Anil Sunkara who was actively producing under AK Entertainments.


14 Sagittae
14 Sagittae is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. 14 Sagittae is the Flamsteed designation. It appears as a sixth magnitude star, near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.89. The system is located 660 light years away, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 4.91 mas. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of –22 km/s.


14 Sagittae
This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 61.5 days and an eccentricity of 0.49. The visible component is a  chemically peculiar mercury-manganese star with a stellar classification of B9p HgMn. It is narrow-lined with a projected rotational velocity of 7 km/s. The star is radiating 292 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 13,200 K.


14 Sagittarii
14 Sagittarii is a single, orange-hued star in the southern zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It is faintly visible to the naked eye under good seeing conditions, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.49. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.20±0.41 mas, it is located some 450 light years away. The star is moving closer to the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of around −59 km/s. It should achieve perihelion in about two million years, approaching as close as 136.1 ly (41.72 pc).


14 Sagittarii
This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K2 III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and moved off the main sequence. It is a suspected variable star, possibly of the micro-variable variety, having an amplitude of less than 0.03 in magnitude. 14 Sagittarii is radiating about 317 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 3,940 K.


14 Seksistowskich Piosenek
14 Seksistowskich Piosenek (14 Sexist Songs) is the first album released by Polish punk rock band Anti Dread.


14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing
The 14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing was a suicide car bomb attack on a market, near a police headquarters, in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, on 14 September 2004, killing 47 people and wounding 114.


14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings
The 14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings were a series of more than a dozen terrorist attacks in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.


14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings
The most deadly bombing occurred when a suicide car bomber detonated his vehicle in a crowd of construction workers who had gathered in Baghdad's Oruba Square looking for jobs. The attack, which occurred in the mainly Shia district of Kadhimiya, killed 112 people, and injured 160.


14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings
The al-Qaeda in Iraq group claimed that the bombing was in retaliation for a recent offensive against the Iraqi insurgency, but the group's leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi released an audio tape on the same day declaring war against the Shiites in Iraq so a sectarian motive for the bombing is possible.


14 Shades of Grey
14 Shades of Grey is the fourth studio album by American rock band Staind, released on May 20, 2003. The album continues to develop a post-grunge sound seen on the band's previous album Break the Cycle, though the songs on 14 Shades of Grey have fewer pop hooks, focusing more on frontman Aaron Lewis's emotions. It is the band's last album to be released from Elektra Records.


14 Shades of Grey
The album featured four singles and debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200, with first week sales of 220,000 copies. By July 2003, 14 Shades of Grey had been certified gold then later platinum.


14 Shades of Grey, Background
After finishing their tour schedule, Staind allowed time for Lewis and his wife to conceive their first child and adjust to being parents for a few months. The band then took about five weeks to write new songs before they began recording in Los Angeles, including a week developing the songs at producer Josh Abraham's house. Guitarist Mike Mushok noted it as the first time Staind has actually written in the studio.


14 Shades of Grey, Background
In January 2003, Staind planned on a May 6 release date for their untitled fourth album. This date persisted into March during which an album title was announced. However, this would have to be delayed a few weeks.


14 Shades of Grey, Background
Aaron Lewis elaborated on the lighter direction of 14 Shades of Grey:


14 Shades of Grey, Background
It's kind of a logical progression where we're getting older now. . . [ Guitarist] Mike [Mushok] is married, and I'm married now with a kid and we're that much deeper into figuring out as far as lyrically goes and figuring out our trades as far as writing songs go.


14 Shades of Grey, Background
Guitarist Mike Mushok described the album title in a 2003 interview:


14 Shades of Grey, Background
I think it's kind of referring to how in life there's black and white and then there's this grey area. . . I think the older you get you start to realize that more things are grey and not so much black and white.


14 Shades of Grey, Background
The song "Layne" is a tribute to Layne Staley, the late Alice in Chains singer. The song "Zoe Jane" honors Aaron Lewis' firstborn daughter. Some shots of Zoe Jane are featured in the video for "So Far Away".


14 Shades of Grey, Release
First editions of the album included a limited edition bonus DVD featuring home videos and footage of the band from their early years to the present, along with album lyrics and new band photos. For a time, fans could use the CD to download a bonus acoustic song "Let it Out" from the Staind website, but the page was later removed. The song was later included on the deluxe edition of the band's next album, Chapter V.


14 Shades of Grey, Release
A DVD-Audio edition of the album was also released, featuring a 5.1 surround sound version of the album, at high resolution (96 kHz/24-bit).


14 Shades of Grey, Touring and promotion
The single "Price to Play" was released in early anticipation of the album's debut. Three more singles were released over the next several months with accompanying music videos.


14 Shades of Grey, Touring and promotion
Staind supported 14 Shades of Grey with a series of in-store appearances followed by free club performances. They also performed with Label mates Cold during the summer of 2003. Concert setlists incorporated songs from the band's previous two albums.


14 Shades of Grey, Reception
The album received mainly mixed reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 41, based on 10 reviews.


14 Shades of Grey, Track listing
All lyrics are written by Aaron Lewis; all music is composed by Staind.


14 Shots to the Dome
14 Shots to the Dome is the fifth studio album by American hip hop recording artist LL Cool J. It was released on March 30, 1993 via Def Jam Recordings. Recording sessions took place at Marley's House Of Hits, at Cove City Sound Studios and at Unique Recording Studios in New York, and at QDIII Soundlab in Los Angeles, at Bobcat's House in Palmdale, and at Encore Studio in Burbank. Production was handled by Marley Marl, DJ Bobcat, Quincy Jones III, Andrew Zenable and Chris Forte. It features guest appearances from Lords of the Underground and Lieutenant Stitchie.


14 Shots to the Dome
The album peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and topped the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On June 2, 1993, it was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.


14 Shots to the Dome
It spawned three charted singles: "How I'm Comin'", "Pink Cookies In a Plastic Bag Getting Crushed by Buildings" b/w "Back Seat (of My Jeep)" and "Stand By Your Man".


14 Shots to the Dome
It is his first album following his hugely successful previous album 1990's Mama Said Knock You Out. Unlike that release, which saw him have success on his own terms, 14 Shots sees LL adopting the sound of his West Coast gangsta rap contemporaries, especially that of Ice Cube and Cypress Hill. Many fans saw this as a jarring departure, and the album met mixed critical and commercial response. The album's second single "Back Seat" would later be sampled by R&B artist Monica for her debut single "Don't Take It Personal" which became a major hit two years later.


14 Shō: The Message
14 Shō: The Message (14章～The message～, "Chapter 14: The Message") is the 14th studio album by the Japanese girl group Morning Musume '14. It was released in Japan on October 29, 2014.


14 Shō: The Message, Release history
The album's release and its title were announced at the Morning Musume 18th anniversary concert that took place on September 14, 2014, at the Shinagawa Stellar Ball in Tokyo. Hello! Project producer Tsunku, recuperating from laryngeal cancer, didn't attend, but he sent a message in which he made the announcement. He also revealed that the album would feature surprise combinations of the group members singing songs together.


14 Shō: The Message, Release history
The album was released in three versions: Limited Edition A (CD + DVD) which is packaged in a digipak case with a booklet, Limited Edition B (CD + DVD), and Regular Edition (CD only). Both limited editions include a serial-numbered lottery card.


14 Shō: The Message, Release history
It is the last album to feature Sayumi Michishige, Riho Sayashi, and Kanon Suzuki.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom)
The 14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare) is a part of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals. The regiment's role is to  provide  Electronic Warfare (EW) capability in support of deployed Land Commanders, in order to enable operations in the electronic battlespace. It is the only British Army Regiment capable of conducting sustainable electronic warfare in support of national operations worldwide. The regiment is currently based at Cawdor Barracks, on the site of the former RAF Brawdy, near Haverfordwest, in South Wales.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), History
14th Signal Regiment was originally formed on 9 September 1959 in London to provide worldwide communications on behalf of the War Office (later Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)), superseding the United Kingdom Commonwealth Communications Army Network Signal Regiment (COMCAN). During the 1960s the regiment was involved in various activities based around the skills of the units placed under its command, including trails for the development of Skynet (satellite). In 1962 the RHQ moved to Gloucester until 1968 when it was relocated to Norton Barracks, Worcester from December of that year.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), History
The regiment's main role was changed to Force Rear Link following the formation of the Defence Communications Network at RAF Stanbridge in 1969. As part of 1st Signal Group the regiment provided detachments to numerous locations worldwide in support of deployed units, including: Northern Ireland, Anguilla and Honduras (1969), Jordan (1970), the United Arab Emirates (1971), British Honduras / Belize (1972) and twenty other countries over the following four years. This busy chapter finally came to an end on 6 November 1976 when it amalgamated with 30 Signal Regiment in Blandford Forum, Dorset.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), History
It reformed as 14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare) at Tofrek Barracks, Hildesheim on 1 July 1977 with a headquarters and three squadrons to provide electronic warfare support to the Commander of 1st British Corps. 1 Squadron was based in Langeleben, 2 Squadron in Wesendorf and 3 Squadron was co-located with the RHQ in Hildesheim. In April 1978, the regimental headquarters was re-sited to Ironside Barracks, in Scheuen, north of Celle in order to be closer to the sub-units under its command. This only presented temporary accommodation and so the regiment moved again in 1985 to Taunton Barracks, Celle; a 19th-century neo-Gothic complex which is now Celle Town Hall, previously used by 94 Locating Regiment RA.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), History
In 1992, the regiment's mission was changed to provide electronic warfare support to NATO and to the British elements under its command, this as a result of the formation of the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. Changes in the organisation of the British Army caused the regiment to move its headquarters and two of its three field squadrons (226 and 245 Signal Squadrons) to Osnabrück, in April 1993. The third field squadron, 237 Signal Squadron (Electronic Warfare), moved to Hullavington, England at the same time. In December 1995, the German-based elements moved again, to Cawdor Barracks near Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, and 237 Signal Squadron joined them six months later after an operational deployment to Bosnia.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), History
As a result of the requirement to provide five deployable squadrons to support operations in Afghanistan (Op Herrick), 224 Signal Squadron was formed on 21 June 2004 as a joint services unit, composed mostly of personnel from the Royal Corps of Signals, Intelligence Corps and the RAF. The Squadron was based at RAF Digby in Lincolnshire until it was disbanded in 2009.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), History
Under the Army 2020 Refine programme, it was announced the regiment would shift to a new location, however, its future barracks is yet to be determined. 14th Signal Regiment has moved its Cyber Protection Teams 1-6 to 13th Signal Regiment's 224 Signal Squadron.


14 Signal Regiment (United Kingdom), Heraldry & ceremonial
The existing regimental badge was introduced on 28 May 1982. It consists of a shield with a white horse and a bolt of lightning and replaced the coat of arms of Gloucester.


14 Songs (Paul Westerberg album)
14 Songs is the first official solo album from Paul Westerberg, former leader of The Replacements, after the final Replacements album, All Shook Down, was heavily packed with session musicians and marginalized the other three band members.


14 Songs (Paul Westerberg album)
The album features contributions from Ian McLagan, former keyboardist for the Faces, a band that Westerberg has often cited as a favorite.


14 Songs (Paul Westerberg album)
In an interview included with a special edition of the album, he explained that he started the record jamming with drummer Josh Kelly and former Georgia Satellites bassist Rick Price, but found that the combination wasn't working, requiring him to seek other players. (The only song featuring Kelly and Price is the opener, "Knockin' On Mine.") He also revealed that the album title was a reference to Nine Stories, by J.D. Salinger.


14 Songs (Paul Westerberg album), Reception
By March 1996, 14 Songs had sold over 161,000 copies in the United States.


14 South African Infantry Battalion
14 South African Infantry Battalion is a motorised infantry unit of the South African Army.


14 South African Infantry Battalion, History, Origin
14 SAI was established on 1 January 1994, at Umtata, Eastern Cape as a result of the amalgamation of Transkei Defence Force into the SANDF.


14 South African Infantry Battalion, History, Amalgamation
Another unit, 13 SAI was amalgamated with 14 SAI by the late 1990s.


14 South African Infantry Battalion, History, Amalgamation
13 SAI emblem, 13 SAI was amalgamated with 14 SAI


14 South African Infantry Battalion, History, Freedom of the city
14 SAI marked freedom of entry into Mthatha on 30 July 2011 in which the Mayor of King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality, officiated.


14 South African Infantry Battalion, SANDF's Motorised Infantry
SANDF's Motorised Infantry is transported mostly by Samil trucks, Mamba APC's or other un-protected motor vehicles. Samil 20,50 and 100 trucks transport soldiers, towing guns, and carrying equipment and supplies. Samil trucks are all-wheel drive, in order to have vehicles that function reliably in extremes of weather and terrain. Motorised infantry have an advantage in mobility allowing them to move to critical sectors of the battlefield faster, allowing better response to enemy movements, as well as the ability to outmaneuver the enemy.


14 Squadron SAAF
14 Squadron was a South African Air Force Squadron during the Second World War. The Squadron was initially deployed to East Africa and was transferred to Egypt in April 1941 when hostilities ceased in East Africa. It had been partially re-equipped with Marylands in early 1941 and was fully converted to these aircraft once in Egypt. On arrival in Egypt, it was renamed 24 Squadron SAAF in order to prevent confusion with RAF No. 14 Squadron.


14 Steps to a Better You
14 Steps to a Better You is the second studio album by Australian indie pop band Lime Cordiale, released on 10 July 2020 through Chugg Music Entertainment.


14 Steps to a Better You
At the 2020 J Awards in November 2020, the album won Australian Album of the Year.


14 Steps to a Better You
At the 2020 ARIA Music Awards, the album received six nominations, including for Album of the Year, and for Breakthrough Artist – Release, which it won.


14 Steps to a Better You
At the AIR Awards of 2021, the album was nominated for Best Independent Rock Album or EP.


14 Steps to a Better You
The album was re-released on 13 November 2020, with six new tracks.


14 Steps to a Better You, Background
"One of the major messages of this album [is] sort of not to take yourself too seriously. Do the things you love to do, but also, don't leave this world without making a good, positive effect. It's like this contradictory message… [which] I think fits well with a song like 'No Plans' that sounds so silly. But the song is talking to someone that's money-driven, and power-driven, and thinking about themselves. The silliness is a bit cheeky, and taking the piss out of that character."


14 Steps to a Better You, Critical reception
Sose Fuamoli from Triple J called the album "a defining musical statement" Fuamoli said "It's Lime Cordiale, summarised in 14 tracks. It incorporates the spirit of fun that's driven [their] work to date, but sees them develop their songwriting in depth and nuance. Oli and Louis have always been self-aware when it comes to their lyricism - but here they've taken it up an extra notch."


14 Steps to a Better You, Critical reception
Ali Shutler from NME said "14 Steps to a Better You never lets go of the beating heart that's made relatable stars of Lime Cordiale."


14 Street W (Calgary)
14 Street W is the name of two major arterial roads and a short collector road in Calgary, Alberta. Separated by the Elbow River and the West Nose Creek valley. Originally proposed as a continuous route and north-south freeway, plans were cancelled in favor of 24 Street W, which became Crowchild Trail.


14 Street W (Calgary), Route description, Southern segment
The south segment begins at Canyon Meadows Drive and is an expressway between Anderson Road and Glenmore Trail, passing by Heritage Park Historical Village and Rockyview General Hospital. 14 Street SW is part of bypass route which connects Highway 1 west and Highway 2 south, as well as part of a major north-south corridor which includes portions of Macleod Trail, Anderson Road, Glenmore Trail, and Crowchild Trail.


14 Street W (Calgary), Route description, Southern segment
The City of Calgary is currently constructing transit-only lanes between Southland Drive and Glenmore Trail as part of the Southwest BRT project, it scheduled to be operational in 2019.


14 Street W (Calgary), Route description, Central segment
The central portion of 14 Street W travels between the communities of Altadore and Elbow Park in the south and Hidden Valley in the north, passing through Calgary's inner city west of downtown. A short segment intersects 50 Avenue SW at the south end of River Park, providing access to the Emily Follensbee School. The arterial road starts at the north end of the park, at the intersection of 38 Avenue SW as 14 Street SW and travels north where it crosses the Bow River on the Mewata Bridge and becomes 14 Street NW. It continues north past SAIT and North Hill Centre, crossing 16 Avenue NW (Highway 1) and John Laurie Boulevard. It continues along the eastern edge of Nose Hill Park, ending in the community of Hidden Valley north of Country Hills Boulevard.


14 Street W (Calgary), Route description, Central segment
14 Street W used to be part of Highway 1A between 9 Avenue SW and 16 Avenue NW, but the designation was dropped in the 1970s.


14 Street W (Calgary), Route description, Northern segment
The extreme northern portion of 14 Street NW connects the communities of Panorama Hills and Evanston. The northern segment is split by Stoney Trail, where ramps allow for right-in/right-out access; however grading is in place for a future partial-cloverleaf interchange. North of Symons Valley Parkway, 14 Street NW becomes a rural road and ends at the Calgary city limits at the Highway 566 intersection; continuing as Range Road 14 in Rocky View County. The roadway will be expanded to a four lane, arterial road as the future community of Keystone Hills, located to the east, is developed.


14 Street W (Calgary), Major intersections
From south to north. The entire route is in Calgary.


14 The Terrace, Barnes
14 The Terrace, Barnes is a Grade II listed house at The Terrace, Barnes, London SW13, facing the River Thames, built as one of a pair with No 13 in the mid-eighteenth century.


14 The Terrace, Barnes
Dame Ninette de Valois (1898–2001), dancer, teacher, choreographer, and director of classical ballet, lived there from 1962 to 1982. A blue plaque is fixed to the front of the house.


14 Vileyrey
14 Vileyrey (English: fourteenth night) is a 2011 Maldivian romantic horror film directed by Abdul Faththaah. Produced by Hassan under Dash Studio, the film stars Ali Seezan, Mariyam Nisha and Aishath Rishmy in pivotal roles. The film was released on 27 June 2011. Upon release, the film received mixed response from critics, did good business at box office and was ultimately declared a "Hit".


14 Vileyrey, Development
Abdul Faththaah assigned Ibrahim Waheed to write the story and script for the film in 2010. Initially Fatthah, wanted the story to involve a ghost and a spirit, though Waheed and Fatthah later came to a conclusion to omit the involvement of ghost in script since "its a challenge to incorporate both ghost and spirit simultaneously". The project faced controversy when the team of Kuhveriakee Kaakuhey? accuses Fatthah for "purloining their plot" which also features Aishath Rishmy.


14 Vulpeculae
14 Vulpeculae is a single, yellow-white hued star in the northern constellation of Vulpecula and proximate to the Dumbbell Nebula (M 27) on the celestial sphere, although actually much closer to the Earth. It is a dim star that is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.68. The distance to 14 Vul, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 18.7753±0.1714, is around 174 light years. It is moving nearer with a heliocentric radial velocity of about −38 km/s, and will make its closest approach in a million years when comes to within about 62 ly (19.04 pc).


14 Vulpeculae
This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F1 Vn, where the 'n' notation indicates nebulous lines due to rapid rotation. At the estimated age of 1.7 billion years old, it is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 150 km/s and has sub-solar metallicity. The star has 1.5 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 11 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 6,938 K.


14 Wall Street
14 Wall Street, originally the Bankers Trust Company Building, is a skyscraper at the intersection of Wall Street and Nassau Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The building is 540 feet (160 m) tall, with 32 usable floors. It is composed of the original 540-foot tower at the southeastern corner of the site, as well as a shorter annex wrapping around the original tower.


14 Wall Street
The original tower was erected on the site of the Stevens Building at 12–14 Wall Street and the Gillender Building at 16 Wall Street. It was built in 1910–1912 and was designed by Trowbridge & Livingston in the neoclassical style as the headquarters for Bankers Trust. An 25-story addition with Art Deco detailing, designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, was constructed in 1931–1933 to replace three other structures. After new buildings for Bankers Trust were erected in 1962 and 1974, the company moved employees away from 14 Wall Street, and eventually sold the building in 1987.


14 Wall Street
14 Wall Street's tower incorporates a seven-story pyramidal roof inspired by the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. The interior of the building contained numerous amenities that were considered state-of-the-art at the time of its construction; the first three floors were used as Bankers Trust's headquarters, while the rest were rented to tenants. A notable building in Manhattan's skyline in the early 20th century, the building was featured prominently in Bankers Trust's early imagery. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1997. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district created in 2007.


14 Wall Street, Site
14 Wall Street is in the Financial District of Manhattan, bounded by Nassau Street to the east, Wall Street to the south, and Pine Street to the north. The lot has dimensions of 160 feet (49 m) on Wall Street, 173 feet (53 m) on Nassau Street, and 178 feet (54 m) on Pine Street. The lot has a total area of 32,947 square feet (3,060.9 m2).


14 Wall Street, Site
Nearby buildings include the Equitable Building to the north, Federal Hall National Memorial (formerly the sub-Treasury building) at 26 Wall Street to the east, 23 Wall Street to the southeast, the New York Stock Exchange Building to the south, 1 Wall Street to the southwest, and 100 Broadway to the west. The Broad Street station of the New York City Subway, serving the J and Z trains, is directly to the southeast.


14 Wall Street, Site
The original building is located at the southeast corner of the site, which was previously occupied by the Stevens and Gillender buildings. In 1880, the Sampson family developed their lots along 12–14 Wall Street into the Stevens Building, which stood until 1910. Sixteen years later, Helen L. Gillender Asinari, owner of the adjoining six-story office building on the northeast corner of Wall and Nassau Streets, decided to replace it with the 300-foot-tall (91 m), 20-story Gillender Building, which was completed in 1897 and demolished in 1910. The two lots, combined, had a roughly square footprint measuring about 100 by 100 feet (30 by 30 m).


14 Wall Street, Site
The annex occupies the remainder of the plot and is L-shaped in plan. Prior to the construction of the annex, the land below it was occupied by three buildings. The seven-story Astor Building was located at 10–12 Wall Street, directly to the west of the original tower. The Hanover National Building at 5–11 Nassau Street, erected in 1903, was a 21-story building north of the original Bankers Trust Building, which extended to Pine Street. The final building on the lot was 7 Pine Street, a 10-story building to the northwest of the original tower.


14 Wall Street, Design
14 Wall Street is 540 feet (160 m) tall with 32 usable above-ground floors and a seven-story pyramidal roof at its top, which contains seven storage levels. In addition, 14 Wall Street contains four basement levels; the topmost basement is partially raised above ground level. The original structure was designed by Trowbridge & Livingston for Bankers Trust, with additions between 1931 and 1933 by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon.


14 Wall Street, Design
14 Wall Street's "granite-clad roof and its specifically Greek architectural motifs", as described by architectural writer Sarah Landau, which were a departure from earlier designs. The architects wrote that the style had been chosen for its "simplicity and grace, as well as its supreme dignity and seriousness", which fit both the site and the building's use. Inspirations include the Erechtheion, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and "ancient Macedonian prototypes".


14 Wall Street, Design, Form
The original structure is a 39-story tower without any setbacks, composed of 32 stories topped by a seven-story roof. The concept behind the original structure's design was to place a pyramidal roof, similar to that of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus on top of a tower like Venice's St Mark's Campanile bell tower. Trowbridge wanted to "enhanc[e] the beauty of the upper part of building by a loggia and a stone pyramid, in place of the usual flat or mansard roof." This was one of the first times a pyramidal roof had been used in a skyscraper (after only the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower); previous tall structures had been capped by a cupola, spire, or tempietto.


14 Wall Street, Design, Form
The rest of the building is surrounded by a 25-story annex, which wraps around the western and northern sides of the original tower. The Wall Street side has setbacks at the 15th, 22nd, and 25th floors and the Nassau Street side has a setback at the 23rd floor. The Pine Street side has a light court above the 11th story, which cuts through the center of that side.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Original building
The facade is clad with 8,000 short tons (7,100 long tons; 7,300 t) of New England granite from several quarries. The original tower is arranged into five sections: a base of 5 stories, a midsection of 21 stories, a top section of 6 stories (including the 32nd-story penthouse), and the roof. The base was originally four stories, but the present third floor was added in the 1931–1933 renovation. On each side are five window bays, each of which contain two windows per floor. The design of each side is largely identical, except that the western facade's midsection is made of brick rather than granite.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Original building
Because 14 Wall Street was surrounded on all sides by other skyscrapers, thereby limiting visibility of the lower section, the lower floors were designed with intricate detail. The upper basement and the first floor were arranged as a stylobate that supported a colonnade above it. The basement facade is smooth, while the first-floor facade consists of rusticated blocks. An entrance porch, with the address 16 Wall Street, faces the Wall Street side. A colonnade above it spanned the second through fourth floors.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Original building
The colonnade consisted of Greek fluted columns, molded belt courses, and moldings, and was "almost Puritanical in its simplicity". The facade of the lower stories was rearranged slightly when the current third story was created, with new spandrel panels being added to separate the double-height windows that formerly spanned the double-height second story. The fifth story is the topmost story of the base and has a deep cornice at the top.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Original building
The mid-section begins at the sixth story and rises through the 26th story. It is mostly faced in buff-colored granite with slightly projecting vertical piers separating each bay, except at the corners, which have grooves that make them appear as though they were panels. There is a band course above the sixth floor but there is otherwise no horizontal ornamentation. On the 27th through 29th stories, the north, east, and south facades are set back behind colonnades, while the west facade extends outward to the columns of the colonnade. Rectangular windows are located on the 30th and 31st stories, with a cornice between the stories. The 32nd floor is slightly set back, with a molded cornice at its top.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Original building
The roof is made of massive granite blocks and measures 94 feet (29 m) tall, with a base 70 feet (21 m) square. There are 24 steps between the bottom and top of the roof. Smoke is ventilated from openings at the top of the roof, giving it a pyramid-like appearance. Inside the roof are more than 20 storage rooms.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Annex
The annex's facade is made of granite at the base and limestone on the upper stories. It was designed so that it would be in deference to the "solid and robust architecture" of the original building. The facade of the annex is arranged in two styles. The Wall Street facade contains setbacks at lower stories, and the window arrangement is aligned with that of the original building. The base consists of four stories. Like the original tower, the first floor is rusticated and the second through fourth floors contain a colonnade. On upper stories, wide piers divide each bay and narrow piers divide each window. The spandrels between each row of windows are decorated aluminum panels.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Annex
The Pine Street and Nassau Street facades are designed to be more modern with motifs in the Modern Classic and Art Deco styles. Due to variations in the lot lines on the annex's site, the annex projects 16 feet (4.9 m) further onto the street than did the original building. In addition to an entrance at the center of the annex's Nassau Street side, there are service entrances on Pine Street. The annex facades contain carved ornament, curved piers at the base, wrought-iron gates and grilles, and an eagle sculpture above the entrance on Nassau Street.


14 Wall Street, Design, Facade, Annex
There are five window bays on Nassau Street and eleven on Pine Street; the bays each contain between one and three windows. The base is two stories tall, excluding the basement, which is partially visible as Nassau Street slopes downward from Pine Street toward Wall Street. The design of the upper stories' facade is similar to that on the Wall Street side.


14 Wall Street, Design, Structural features
For the foundation of 14 Wall Street, caissons were sunk around the site's perimeter, reaching to the layer of rock 65 feet (20 m) below the street. Concrete was then poured in between these caissons to create a watertight, 7-foot-thick (2.1 m) cofferdam. The membrane was needed because the surrounding ground was filled with quicksand. Afterward, the lot was excavated, the Gillender Building's foundations were removed, and deep foundations were placed within the lot. Due to high pressure on the cofferdam, temporary timber trusses were used to brace the cofferdam. A 3-foot-thick (0.91 m) pad of concrete, overlaid with waterproof-cement, was then placed at the bottom of the pit. The method was not only cheaper than the then-standard method of driving caissons down to bedrock, but also provided space for more basement floors.


14 Wall Street, Design, Structural features
The superstructure consists of 8,000 short tons (7,100 long tons; 7,300 t) of steel. The second floor does not contain any columns because of the elaborate network of heavy trusses used to support the outer walls. "Unusually heavy bracing" is also used to support the fourth floor. Otherwise, a standard girder-and-column steel structure is utilized within the building. Some of the largest columns are 500 feet (150 m) tall and carry loads of up to 2,200 short tons (2,000 long tons; 2,000 t).


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Bankers Trust offices
The builders ensured that 14 Wall Street would be constructed with fireproof material. Metal was used in place of the wood trim that was used for decoration in other buildings, and a sprinkler system was placed in the roof. Bankers Trust's offices occupied basement levels A and B, as well as the first through fourth stories. These offices were designed "in a pure classic style"; the metalwork in the offices was a light-colored bronze, while Italian marble lined the main banking spaces on the first and second floors. The main banking room had 27-foot-high (8.2 m) ceilings. The tellers' counters inside the second-floor banking room were originally aligned with the positions of the windows. The fourth floor contained the board room.


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Bankers Trust offices
Three elevators connected the Bankers Trust office floors and rose only to the fourth floor. Unusually for buildings of the time, the lower portion of the shared elevator shaft was covered in marble, while the upper portion was plate glass. At the time of the building's opening, a magazine observed that the offices used modular equipment that could be moved easily in case the company needed to expand. Further, the floor surfaces were made of cork; each department had telephone service; and pneumatic tube systems made it easy to send papers between different departments.


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Bankers Trust offices
At the center of the Wall Street side, a wide staircase led to the first floor. Initially, this was the main entrance to the Bankers Trust offices. When the building was expanded from 1931 to 1933, the former banking room on the first floor was converted into an officers' seating area, and the floor level was raised to harmonize with the new extension. The double-height second story was divided into two stories, and the third story was created. The new addition, with the address 16 Wall Street, contained a T-shaped banking room covering 10,000 square feet (930 m2), with "a forest of squared-off, trunk-like columns clad in Oregon myrtle". The new banking room's coved ceiling was 27 feet (8.2 m) tall.


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Bankers Trust offices
In two of the four basement floors was placed "the strongest vault in the world", measuring two stories high and 28 by 32 feet (8.5 by 9.8 m) inside. The vault walls were 28 inches (710 mm) thick, with 24 inches (610 mm) of concrete and 4 inches (100 mm) of "shock and drill-proof steel". This would prevent both standard explosives and oxyacetylene cutters from penetrating the vault. The columns and beams that reinforce the vault are so strong that "a shock sufficient to disturb the vault would bring the building down in ruins upon it". Inside, the vault was split into numerous aisles with combination locks; each safe in the vault required two officers to open.


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Upper stories
The remaining stories were rented to various tenants. When the building first opened, entry to these floors was via an entrance on the western portion of the Wall Street facade, where a passageway linked to the Hanover Bank Building to the north. During the 1931–1933 expansion, a new entrance was built on Pine Street. A system of eleven elevators connected the lobby to the rental floors, consisting of five "express" elevators, five "local" elevators, and one "relief" elevator.


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Upper stories
The "express" elevators ran nonstop from the lobby to serve the upper floors while the "local" elevators served the lower floors and the "relief" elevators served all floors. There was an additional elevator serving the 30th through 38th floors. These stories contained floor surfaces made of concrete; walls of marble, plaster, and terracotta; and doors, window sash, and trim made of metal but finished to look like mahogany. A continuous 531-step staircase runs from the third floor to the 29th floor.


14 Wall Street, Design, Interior, Upper stories
The present-day 32nd floor, the highest story beneath the roof, once served as an apartment, which J. P. Morgan had an option to occupy. He chose not to pursue the option due to antitrust proceedings ongoing against Bankers Trust at the time of the building's completion. The New York Times reported at the building's 1912 opening that $250,000 had been spent on "teakwood furniture, priceless rugs, luxurious baths, and a private observation balcony", though it was "entirely devoid of furniture". Christopher Gray, an architectural critic for the Times, wrote in 2007 that there had been unsubstantiated rumors that Morgan used the apartment as a private getaway. In 1997, the 32nd floor was converted into an upscale French restaurant called The 14 Wall Street, which closed in early 2006.


14 Wall Street, History, Context and land acquisition
Bankers Trust was founded in 1903 when a number of commercial banks needed a vehicle to enter the trusts and estates market. The company originally was located at Liberty and Washington Streets, with eight staff working in two basement rooms. The Bankers Trust ultimately acquired space in the Gillender Building, having been induced to move there because of the proximity of the New York Stock Exchange. The company, with J. P. Morgan on the board, grew rapidly and intended to land itself permanently in the "vortex of America's financial life".


14 Wall Street, History, Context and land acquisition
During the latter part of the decade, financial institutions such as the Bank of Montreal, the Fourth National Bank, and the Germania Life Insurance Company acquired properties on Wall and Nassau Streets. Bankers Trust started to negotiate the purchase of the Gillender Building in April 1909. However, it was the adjacent seven-story Stevens Building that Bankers Trust acquired first; that July, the trust leased the Stevens Building for 84 years at a cost of $1.5 million. At the time, the press reported that Bankers Trust would erect a 16-story office building wrapping around the Gillender Building. George B. Post, hired as a "professional advisor", proposed the new building as an L-shaped structure.


14 Wall Street, History, Context and land acquisition
In November, Bankers Trust finalized an agreement to buy the Gillender Building from Helen Gillender. The next month, the Manhattan Trust Company acquired the Gillender Building for $1.5 million (equivalent to $43,206,000 in 2020), then a record amount for land in New York City. Manhattan Trust then resold the Gillender Building to Bankers Trust for $1.25 million (equivalent to $36,005,000 in 2020), although Manhattan Trust retained long-term lease rights for the ground floor as well as various other spaces. According to The New York Times, Manhattan Trust and Bankers Trust had colluded to acquire the Gillender Building.


14 Wall Street, History, Context and land acquisition
During this time, Bankers Trust acquired a majority share in the Guaranty Trust Company; although the latter remained in its old headquarters, the same people served on both companies' boards of directors. Bankers Trust and the Mercantile Trust Company also merged, but because Mercantile Trust's headquarters burned in a January 1912 fire, this affected planning for the new building. Bankers Trust absorbed Manhattan Trust in February 1912: both companies had been owned by Morgan, and the proximity of the companies' spaces was cited as a reason for the merger.


14 Wall Street, History, Construction and early use
To maximize land utilization, Bankers Trust desired to build a structure taller than either the Gillender or Stevens buildings. To "obtain the very best results" for the design, in 1909, Bankers Trust requested plans from four architects and architecture firms: Carrère and Hastings, Francis H. Kimball, Trowbridge and Livingston, and Warren and Wetmore. Ultimately, Trowbridge and Livingston's bid was accepted. The firm submitted plans for 14 Wall Street to the New York City Department of Buildings on April 20, 1910.


14 Wall Street, History, Construction and early use, Initial building
The first stage of construction commenced in April 1910 with the demolition of the Gillender Building, which The New York Times claimed to be the first skyscraper that was demolished to make way for a taller skyscraper. Demolition of the Stevens Building started the same month, and both buildings had been demolished by June 1910. After the site had been cleared, foundation work was started. Foundational work was stymied due to the quicksand in the ground, as well as the presence of redundant supports underneath the Gillender Building's site and the proximity of other buildings.


14 Wall Street, History, Construction and early use, Initial building
Steel superstructure construction commenced after foundational work was completed in November 1910. Facade work commenced in February 1911, with contractor Marc Eidlitz & Son erecting the facade at a rate of three-and-a-half stories per week. The stonework was completed by September 15, 1911, except for the pyramid, for which there had been a minor change in design.


14 Wall Street, History, Construction and early use, Initial building
The basements and the three lower floors were to contain the headquarters of Bankers Trust, although its main operations would be housed elsewhere in less expensive offices. Most of the upper floors were slated to be rented to other companies. By May 1911, The Wall Street Journal reported that "a large amount of office space" had already been rented in the building.


14 Wall Street, History, Construction and early use, Initial building
Asking rates for rental space was $4 per square foot ($43/m2), equivalent to $111 per square foot ($1,190/m2) in 2020; this rate was higher than in other buildings in the area due to 14 Wall Street's proximity to the New York Stock Exchange. That November, The Wall Street Journal reported that the building was 65% rented. In April 1912, a month before the building's opening, a parachutist jumped from the 32nd floor of 14 Wall Street, landing on the roof of 26 Wall Street.


14 Wall Street, History, Construction and early use, Initial building
14 Wall Street was officially opened on May 20, 1912, at which point it was 85% rented. J.P. Morgan & Co. had originally planned to move into 14 Wall Street, with Morgan occupying the 32nd-story apartment. After Bankers Trust was investigated by the U.S. Congress's Pujo Committee for monopolistic practices, these plans were canceled and J.P. Morgan & Co. built another structure to the southeast at 23 Wall Street. By 1917, Bankers Trust had become a full-service bank, and one of the country's wealthiest financial institutions. Bankers Trust, having rented out the upper floors, found their existing space to be inadequate by the 1920s, with more than four times as many staff as in 1912. As a result, the company took up space in the Astor and Hanover Bank buildings.