147th Attack Wing, History
In 1957, the Texas Air National Guard 111th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, stationed at Ellington Air Force Base, near Houston was authorized to expand to a group level under the 136th Air Defense Wing. On 1 July 1957, the National Guard Bureau extended federal recognition to the 147th Fighter-Interceptor Group. The 111th FIS was reassigned from the 136th Fighter-Interceptor Group to the 147th FIG, becoming the new group's flying squadron. Support squadrons of the 147th FIG were the 144th Headquarters, 144th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 144th Combat Support Squadron, and the 144th USAF Dispensary.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
Initially equipped with the F-86D Sabre Interceptor, in June 1959 the squadron traded their F-86Ds for the upgraded F-86L Sabre Interceptor with uprated afterburning engines and new electronics. In August 1960 the unit became one of the first to transition to the F-102A Delta Dagger Mach-2 all-weather interceptor and began a 24-hour alert to guard the Texas Gulf coast.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
In August 1961, as part of an Air Defense Command re-organization, the Group's assignment to 136th Air Defense Wing was terminated with 136th being transferred to Tactical Air Command. The 147th was directly assigned to the Texas Air National Guard, being operationally gained by the Air Defense Command 33d Air Division.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
On 1 January 1970, the squadron was re-designated as the 111th Combat Crew Training Squadron and served as the Air National Guard's RTU (Replacement Training Unit) for the TF/F-102A, In 1971, when the active-duty force ceased F-102A training and closed Perrin AFB, Texas on 30 June 1971, the Houston-based 111th FIS became the Replacement Training Unit (RTU) for all Air Defense Command F-102 pilots, and the squadron received several TF-102A dual-seat trainers which were transferred from Perrin AFB while also retaining the T-33A instrument training function.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
One pilot who flew TF/F-102As with the 111th was 1st Lt . George W. Bush, a future Governor of Texas and future President of the United States. George W. Bush's military service began in 1968 when he enlisted in the Texas Air National Guard after graduating with a bachelor's degree in history from Yale University. After being accepted into the ANG, Airman Basic Bush was selected to attend pilot training. His six weeks of basic training was completed at Lackland AFB in Texas during July and August 1968.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
Upon its completion, Bush was promoted to the officer's rank of second lieutenant required for pilot candidates. He spent the next year in flight school at Moody AFB in Georgia from November 1968 to November 1969. Bush then returned to Ellington AFB in Texas to complete seven months of combat crew training on the F-102 from December 1969 to June 1970. This period included five weeks of training on the T-33 Shooting Star and 16 weeks aboard the TF-102 Delta Dagger two-seat trainer and finally the single-seat F-102A. Bush graduated from the training program in June 1970. Lt


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
. Bush remained in the Texas ANG as a certified F-102 pilot who participated in frequent drills and alerts through April 1972. Lt . Bush was honorably discharged from the Air National Guard in October 1973 at the rank of First Lieutenant. An ANG physical dated 15 May 1971 indicates that he had logged 625 flight hours by that time, and he ultimately completed 326 hours as pilot and 10 as co-pilot while serving with the 111th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
In May 1971, the 111th added F-101B/F Voodoos and became the RTU tar the twin seat F-101F type, while continuing as the F-102 Delta Dagger RTU. In January 1975, after 14 years of service, the unit's F-102s were retired, but the unit maintained a full fleet of F-101s.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
The 111th also operated detachment 1 of the 147th FIW at New Orleans. The detachment was apart from the squadron in that it maintained constant alert status whilst facing towards Cuba.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
In October 1979, in as part of the inactivation of Aerospace Defense Command, the USAF gained command responsibilities which shifted to Tactical Air Command (TAC) and a sub-organization equivalent to a numbered air force designated as Air Defense, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC). In 1982, the F-101s were retired and ADTAC re-equipped the 111th with the McDonnell F-4C Phantom II and continued its air defense mission. Most of the F-4Cs the squadron received were Vietnam War veteran aircraft. In November 1986, the F-4Cs were replaced by later-model F-4Ds.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
In December 1989 the 111th FIS started receiving block 15 F-16A/B Fighting Falcon aircraft to replace their F-4Ds. The last F-16 arrived in April 1990.


147th Attack Wing, History, Air Defense
In 1992, only a few years following the acceptance of their block 15s, they converted to the ADF variant of the block 15. On 15 March 1992 the 111th FIS was re-designated the 111th Fighter Squadron when its parent 147th Fighter Group converted to the USAF Objective Organization plan. Also in 1992 the 111th FS celebrated their 75th anniversary. To commemorate this F-16A ADF #82-1001 was painted in special markings including a big Texas flag painted on the fuselage underside. During September 1995, the 111th FS ended its alert detachment in New Orleans with the F-101 Voodoo, also the 147th was upgraded to a Wing, with the 111th Fighter Squadron being assigned to the new 147th Operations Group.


147th Attack Wing, History, Tactical Fighter mission
In late 1996 the 111th started to retire their ADF F-16s to AMARC. To replace these aircraft the squadron received the block 25 F-16C/D Fighting Falcon. Transition started in September 1996 and was completed by February 1997. This brought a change in role which officially happened in October 1998. The role went from air-to-air to an air-to-ground mission. After returning from an Operation Southern Watch mission at Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia in October 2000, the squadron added Precision Guided Munitions to its arsenal.


147th Attack Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, four 111th Fighter Squadron aircraft were launched to escort President George W. Bush, onboard Air Force 1 from Florida to Louisiana, Nebraska and finally back to Washington DC that same day. December 2001 saw the 111th deploy to Atlantic City, New Jersey, to fly Air Defense Combat Air Patrol missions over New York, Philadelphia and Washington DC in support of Operation Noble Eagle.


147th Attack Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In August 2005 components of the 111th Fighter Squadron and 147th Fighter Wing deployed to Balad Airbase, Iraq to conduct combat operations in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and the Global War on Terrorism. The men and women of the 111th FS/147th FW once again distinguished themselves by flying 462 sorties and almost 1,900 hours in a two-month span; with a perfect record of 100% maintenance delivery (zero missed sorties), 100% mission effectiveness, and 100% weapons employment/hits under the most challenging combat conditions.


147th Attack Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
In April 2007, components of the 111th Fighter Squadron and 147th Fighter Wing again deployed to Balad Airbase, Iraq for the Iraq War. On this deployment, the 111th Fighter Squadron flew 348 tasked sorties, plus six no-notice Close Air Support (CAS) alert scrambles and four short-notice (less than 30 minutes & not on the Air Tasking Order.) pre-planned alert launches. With an average combat sortie lasting almost 4.42 hours, the unit accumulated a total of 1537.1 combat hours. Maintenance delivery effectiveness for this deployment was an astonishing 102% due to the inclusion of the unscheduled CAS scrambles. Mission effectiveness and weapons employment were both once again a perfect 100%.


147th Attack Wing, History, BRAC 2005 reorganization
During the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, it was recommended that the F-16 Block 25s be retired. Texas Governor, Rick Perry, reacted quickly and made sure the unit could remain alive and did so by securing MQ-1 Predator operations. This is an unmanned aircraft and although not exactly what the 111th FS had hoped for, it would keep the unit going well into the future.


147th Attack Wing, History, BRAC 2005 reorganization
As was earlier planned in 2005, the 111th FS gave up its last two F-16s on 7 June 2008 and F-16 operations drew to a close. The MQ-1 replaced the F-16 and the parent wing was renamed the 147th Reconnaissance Wing that same month.


147th Attack Wing, History, BRAC 2005 reorganization
The 111th RS received its first MQ-9 Reaper on 28 July 2017, and the parent wing was renamed 147th Attack Wing shortly thereafter.


147th Automobile Base
The 147th Automobile Base is a motor transport company of the Russian Armed Forces, in the structures of the Ministry of Defense, whose task is to provide vehicles for the military command of the MoD, as well as servicing foreign military delegations, and the leadership of military districts/fleets of the Russian Navy arriving in Moscow on a service need at the request of the Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.


147th Automobile Base, History, Creation and early years
On 25 October 1918, the Communication Service was formed via an order of the Revolutionary Military Council to be used for the expedition of mail and official correspondence from its headquarters. On International Workers Day in 1922, servicemen of the garage unit took its first military oath during the military parade on Red Square. By the end of the 1930s, it was renamed to the automobile bases of the People's Commissariat of Defense and had become larger under Armored Directorate of the Red Army. In 1938, construction began on its present-day headquarters on 9 Presnensky Val Street, a unique six-story building in which cars on all floors could enter and exit at the same time, designed by architect Mikhail Minkus.


147th Automobile Base, History, Second World War
Just before the start of the Great Patriotic War, the motor depot formed several convoys to send to the front, ensuring the transportation of representatives of the State Defense Committee in the battlefield. On 13 May 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was awarded with the Order of the Red Star. The depot was responsible for maintenance during the Yalta Conference in 1945, during which it was, by order of the Rear Chief of the Red Army, 14 of its best drivers of the selected and sent to the Crimea.


147th Automobile Base, History, 1946-2009
In June 1946, the NKO Motor Depot was subordinated to the General Staff of the Soviet Army and was headed by Major General Alexander Gladkov. Since 1975, car depot has taken part in the annual competition "For traffic safety", which is held among all car companies in Moscow. More than 60 drivers of the depot have in different years been awarded the honorary title of "The best driver of the city of Moscow". Personnel of the base took part in military exercises such as "Dnepr", "West-77", and "South" during the Cold War. In 2009, it was abolished as a structural subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, with its equipment and structural units being transferred to the 147 Automobile Base.


147th Automobile Base, History, 1946-2009
On the occasion of its 75th anniversary in July 2019, the servicemen of the base demonstrated the UAZ assembly, elements of extreme driving, as well as "danced" the waltz on all cars that historically took part in military parades in Moscow.


147th Automobile Base, Role in Moscow Parades
It plays a major role in all military parades on Red Square, particularly the Moscow Victory Day Parade. It specifically provides two drivers for the insepction cars of the Minister of Defence and the parade commander. Prior to 1945, most were held on horseback, with a parade convertible being used for the first time in 1940. Cars replaced horses at military parades in 1953, the year of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's death.


147th Automobile Base, Role in Moscow Parades
This led to the base having a more active role in parades, with the main vehicle then being a ZIS-110B. In 1981, the ZIL-115V was introduced, with three convertibles being built at the Likhachev Plant to participate in parades. It took part in military parade. on Red Square until 2009, being replaced by a black version that year. In 2019, the ZILs were replaced by a specialized Aurus Senat armored limousine.


147th Automobile Base, Base band
The base military band was founded in 1977 when musician Yuri Saygashov was asked to organize a band within the General Staff. In 1996, the band, which by that time had become a regular unit, was headed by Yakov Zinoviev. From 2001 to 2008, it was directed by Yuri Kubyshkin, and from 2008 to 2011, it was directee by Andrei Nisenbaum. Both of them, like many band members, are graduates of the Military Institute of Military Conductors. Since June 2011, the band has been led by Anton Mezentsev.


147th Automobile Base, Base band
Currently 13 contract servicemen and 7 conscripts serve in the band, serving as one of the leading creative units in the territory of the former Moscow Military District. It is part of the Combined Military Band of the Moscow Garrison during all Victory Day Parades, and takes part in various large ceremonial and mourning events.


147th Aviation Regiment (United States)
The 147th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army.


147th Combat Communications Squadron
The United States Air Force's 147th Combat Communications Squadron (147 CBCS) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at San Diego, California.


147th Combat Communications Squadron, Mission
To provide rapidly-deployable communications support for global combat operations and disaster response, utilizing highly skilled Airmen and leading-edge communications technology.


147th Combat Communications Squadron, History
The 147th Combat Communications Squadron was constituted as the 147th Aircraft Control Squadron (147 ACS) on May 27, 1946. Prior to its constitution, the unit was allocated to the National Guard Bureau and was later assigned to the state of California on May 24, 1946. The 147 ACS was organized as a unit on June 20, 1948, at the Lockheed Air Terminal, in Burbank, California. The Secretary of the Army bestowed Federal recognition on the unit on July 18, 1948. The unit later moved to its new home in San Fernando Valley Airport, California on January 26, 1951.


147th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:59, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


147th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 147th Division (第147師団, Dai-hyakuyonjūnana Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Hokkaido Protection Division (護北兵団, Koho Heidan). It was formed 28 February 1945 in Asahikawa as a square division. It was a part of the 16 simultaneously created divisions batch numbering from 140th to 160th.


147th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Initially the 147th division has stayed on Tomakomai positions vacated by 77th Division. After formation of the 147th division was complete, it was assigned to newly created 52nd army and sent to Mobara in Chiba Prefecture.


147th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 147th division was tasked with the coastal defense. The division did not see any combat until surrender of Japan 15 August 1945 except for air raids.


147th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Shortage of equipment during 147th division formation was severe. Only one of seven men had rifles, with the balance equipped with bamboo spears, and bayonets were forged from the rails of the Asahikawa Electric Railway.


147th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Teiichi Tamura, the commander of the 426th infantry regiment, was executed according to the verdict of the controversial International Military Tribunal for the Far East for his role in the killing of the downed Allied pilot in the course of the Ichinomiya-machi incident.


147th Georgia General Assembly
The 2003 regular session of the 147th General Assembly of the U.S. state of Georgia met from January 13, 2003, at 10:00 am, to Friday, April 25, at midnight, at which time both houses adjourned sine die. Control of the General Assembly was split between the Republican-controlled Senate and the Democratic-controlled House.


147th Georgia General Assembly
This was the longest legislative session in more than a century. 122 general House bills, 174 local House bills, 77 general Senate bills and 41 local Senate bills passed both chambers of the legislature and were sent to the governor for his signature.


147th Georgia General Assembly
The 2004 regular session of the Georgia General Assembly opened at 10:00 am on Monday, January 12, 2004, and adjourned sine die at midnight on Wednesday, April 7, 2004. The legislature passed 138 general House bills, 160 local House bills, 71 general Senate bills and 25 local Senate bills, which were sent to the governor for his signature.


147th Georgia General Assembly
In addition, Governor Sonny Perdue called for a special session, which met from May 3, 2004, to May 7, 2004, in order to handle the unbalanced budget that had been passed at the end of the regular session.


147th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 147th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


147th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th Illinois Infantry was organized at Chicago, Illinois, and mustered into Federal service on February 18, 1865, for a one-year enlistment. The 147th served in garrisons and operated against guerillas in Georgia.


147th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out of service on January 20, 1866.


147th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 3 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded, and 31 enlisted men who died of disease for a total of 34 fatalities.


147th Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 147th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between March 13 and August 4, 1865, during the American Civil War.


147th Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment consisted of seven companies recruited from the 5th district, two companies from the 11th, and one composed of detachments from Benton, Henry, and Fayette counties. The regiment was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana, with a strength of 1,078 men and mustered in on March 13, 1865. It left Indiana for Harper's Ferry, West Virginia on March 16. It was attached to the 1st Brigade of the 3rd Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah, and guard duty at Charleston, Stevenson's Station, Summit Point, Berryville, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia and Maryland Heights, Missouri till early August. During its service the regiment incurred forty-four fatalities, and another sixty-three deserted, unaccounted for one man.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 147th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army, part of the Territorial Force (Territorial Army after 1920), that served in both the First and the Second World Wars with the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Formation
The brigade was raised in 1908 upon the creation of the Territorial Force as the 2nd West Riding Brigade, part of the West Riding Division. The brigades' composition was of the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Volunteer battalions of the Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment).


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First World War
The division was mobilised in early August 1914 when the First World War began and, when asked, most of the men volunteered for Imperial Service.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First World War
In May 1915 the division was numbered as the 49th (West Riding) Division and the brigade became 147th (1/2nd) West Riding Brigade. The battalions were also redesignated, adopting the '1/' prefix (1/4th DWR) to distinguish them from the 2nd Line battalions being formed at the same time in 186th (2/2nd West Riding) Brigade, part of 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First World War
Most of these 2nd Line units consisted of the few men who did not originally wish to serve overseas, or were not eligible, and the battalions were to act as a reserve for the 1st Line units when they were sent overseas. However, following the Military Service Act 1916, most of these did end up being sent overseas.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First World War
The brigade served with the division mainly in the Great War in the trenches of the Western Front. During the war the brigade was awarded a Victoria Cross belonging to Private Arthur Poulter of the 1/4th Battalion.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Interwar
Both the brigade and division were disbanded shortly after the end of the war, as was the rest of the Territorial Force. However, both were reformed in the Territorial Army, which was formed on a similar basis as the Territorial Force and the brigade, now the 147th (2nd West Riding) Infantry Brigade, again with all four battalions of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment were also reconstituted.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Interwar
In the late 1930s, however, the United Kingdom strengthened its air defences by converting many infantry battalions of the Territorial Army into anti-aircraft and searchlight battalions. As a result, in 1936, the 5th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment was transferred to the Royal Engineers and converted into the 43rd (The Duke of Wellington's Regiment) Anti - Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers. It was assigned to the 31st (North Midland) Anti - Aircraft Group, 2nd Anti - Aircraft Division (itself converted from HQ of 46th (North Midland) Division) alongside other infantry battalions that had been converted into the anti-aircraft or searchlight role.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Interwar
In 1938 the 4th Battalion was transferred to the Royal Artillery and converted into the 58th (The Duke of Wellington's) Anti -Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery and served as the anti-tank regiment for the 49th Division. In the same year, the brigade received the 5th Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment from the 146th (1st West Riding) Infantry Brigade of the division. The brigade was later redesignated the 147th Infantry Brigade


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Second World War
During the Second World War, the 147th Brigade remained as part of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division throughout the war but did not see service in the Norwegian Campaign, being replaced in the division by the Regular 24th Guards Brigade and remained in the United Kingdom. The brigade was stationed in Iceland, and adopted as its insignia the polar bear on an ice floe.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Second World War
In 1942 it was transferred back to the United Kingdom until June 1944, when it invaded Normandy shortly after the initial D-Day landings on 6 June and fought in the battle for Caen in Operation Martlet (where 6th DWR suffered such severe casualties that it was disbanded) and the Second Battle of the Odon and later in the capture of Le Havre (Operation Astonia), clearing the Channel Coast, and the Battle of the Scheldt.


147th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Second World War
With the rest of 49th Division, the brigade fought its last battle of the war in April 1945 in the Liberation of Arnhem and the fierce battles that led up to it. During the fighting on the Continent, the 49th Infantry Division was nicknamed the "Polar Bears" because of their divisional insignia and were christened by Lord Haw-Haw, the Nazi propaganda broadcaster, as the "Polar Bear Butchers".


147th Mixed Brigade
The 147th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that participated in the Spanish Civil War, deployed on the Andalusia front.


147th Mixed Brigade, History
The unit was created on May 1, 1937 from troops from the old Maroto Column and recruits from the reserves. The first commander of the 147th MB was Francisco Maroto del Ojo, former commander of the Maroto column. Subsequently, the unit was assigned to the 23rd Division. For most of the war, the brigade did not intervene in relevant military operations. On March 20, 1938, it intervened in a small attack that sought to regain lost positions near Higuera de Calatrava, although the attempt failed. A few months later, on November 19, one of its battalions stormed a nationalist position. The 147th MB disappeared with the end of the war, in March 1939.


147th New York Infantry Regiment
The 147th New York Infantry Regiment, the "Oswego Regiment" or "Ploughboys", was an infantry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War.


147th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th New York was organized in Oswego, New York and mustered in for three years in September 1862; all companies were recruited from Oswego County.


147th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment left the State in September 1862 and served in the defenses of Washington; in the Provost Guard of the Army of the Potomac, from December; in 1st Division, 1st Corps, from March 1863; in multiple divisions of 5th Corps from March 1864; and was honorably discharged and mustered out June 7, 1865, near Washington, D.C.


147th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th, after serving in defenses and on guard duty, was under fire for the first time at Fitzhugh's crossing below Fredericksburg, one of the first movements of the Chancellorsville campaign, losing some killed and wounded. It was in reserve at Chancellorsville and sustained no losses. It marched on the field at the opening of Gettysburg where the order to retire failed to reach them as their commander was wounded, so they temporarily held their ground with significant casualties.


147th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment took part in the Mine Run campaign—the last campaign of the 1st corps—sustaining a few casualties, and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In March, 1864, when the 1st corps was broken up, it was assigned to the 5th (Warren's) corps, and was actively engaged in all the battles of the corps during Grant's bloody campaign of 1864–65.


147th New York Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 2,102. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 5 officers, 107 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 4 officers, 52 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 2 officers, 177 enlisted men; total, 11 officers, 336 enlisted men; aggregate, 347; of whom 71 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy.


147th New York State Legislature
The 147th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 11, 1924, during the second year of Al Smith's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.


147th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


147th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Socialist Party also nominated tickets.


147th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1923, was held on November 6. The only statewide elective office up for election was a judgeship on the New York Court of Appeals which was carried by Democrat Irving Lehman who had been endorsed by the Republicans.


147th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 2, 1924; and adjourned in the morning of April 11.


147th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


147th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


147th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


147th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 147th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 147th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 147th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


147th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in May 16, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Benjamin F. Rosson.


147th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment left Ohio for Washington, D.C., May 20 and was attached to 1st Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to July. 2nd Brigade, DeHussy's Division, XXII Corps, to August. Assigned to garrison duty at Fort Ethan Allen, Fort Marcy, Fort Reno, and Fort Stevens, Defenses of Washington, until August 23. Repulse of Early's attack on Washington July 11–12.


147th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service August 30, 1864.


147th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


147th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost 22 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 147th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at Loudoun Heights, Virginia from surplus companies of the 28th Pennsylvania Infantry and mustered in as Companies A, B, C, D, and E for a three-year enlistment on October 10, 1862 under the command of Colonel Ario Pardee Jr.. Companies F, G, and H were organized at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania September 29 through November 20, 1862. Company I was organized at Philadelphia on October 10, 1862. Company K was organized in October 1864 from men in Companies A through E who chose not to reenlist.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1863, and Army of the Cumberland to April 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to July 1865. Duty in the Department of Washington until July.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 147th Pennsylvania Infantry mustered out of service on July 15, 1865. Companies F and G mustered out on June 6, 1865.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty at Bolivar Heights, Va., until December 1862. Reconnaissance to Rippon, Va., November 9, and to Winchester, Va., December 2–6. Moved to Fredericksburg December 10–14. At Stafford Court House until April 27, 1863. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20–24. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3. Pursuit of Lee July 524. Movement to Bridgeport, Ala., September 24-October 3. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 28–29. Chattanooga Ringgold Campaign November 23–27. Battles of Lookout Mountain November 23–24 and Missionary Ridge November 25.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ringgold Gap, Taylor's Ridge, November 27. Guard duty on Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad until April 1864. Expedition down the Tennessee River to Triana, Ala., April 12–16. Atlanta Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Dug Gap or Mill Creek May 8. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Near Cassville May 19. New Hope Church May 25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 26-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 6–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta September 2-November 15. Near Atlanta November 9. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Siege of Savannah December 10–21. Carolinas Campaign January to April 1865. North Edisto River, S.C., February 12–13. Red Bank and Congaree Creek February 15 Averysboro, N.C., March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh, N.C., April 9–13. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 20. Grand Review of the Armies May 24.


147th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 142 men during service; 7 officers and 71 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 61 enlisted men died of disease.


147th Regiment (United States)
The 147th Regiment (Regional Training Institute) is a training regiment of the Ohio Army National Guard. Previously known as the 147th Infantry Regiment and the 6th Ohio Infantry, it has served in several American wars as a combat infantry unit, but now maintains the Ohio Regional Training Institute (RTI) in Columbus, Ohio. Its regimental motto is Cargoneek Guyoxim, which is Chippewa Indian for "Always Ready."


147th Regiment (United States), History
The 147th Regiment (Regional Training Institute), previously known as the 6th Ohio Infantry, served in the Civil War, Pancho Villa Expedition, World War I, and World War II.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Civil War
The 6th Ohio was organized in southwestern Ohio in the spring of 1861 and was mustered into Federal service on 12 May. Most of its recruits were from Hamilton County and surrounding areas. The Colonel and first commander was William K. Bosley, and Nicholas Longworth Anderson of Cincinnati was its first Lieutenant Colonel. Anderson did serve as the COL of the regiment during its last two years of service. The 6th was first sent to western Virginia before mustering out when its initial three-months term of enlistment expired.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Civil War
Reorganized as a three-years regiment, the 6th Ohio Infantry spent the next three years in the Western Theater before being mustered out on 23 June 1864. While serving, the regiment engaged in several skirmishes and two major campaigns; Murfreesboro, and Chickamauga. Towards the end of their service, they fought in Major General William Tecumseh Sherman's Atlanta Campaign.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Cuba, Mexico, and World War I
The 6th Ohio Infantry was mustered into federal service on 7 May 1898 to fight in the Spanish–American War. The Ohioans never engaged in combat with the enemy, but served in the occupation force of Cuba from 3 January – 21 April 1899. They returned to the United States and were mustered out in Cincinnati on 25 October 1899. On 19 June 1916, the Ohioans were mobilized to defend the Mexico–United States border near El Paso, Texas, where they patrolled for 9 months. They were released from federal service on 17 March 1917.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Cuba, Mexico, and World War I
This demobilization wouldn't last however, and the regiment was called up again 10 days later for service in World War I on 27 March 1917. The 147th Infantry Regiment was born on 25 October 1917, when the 6th Ohio absorbed elements of the 1st and 5th Ohio Regiments. It was assigned to the 37th Infantry Division, the "Buckeye" Division, and began its training at Camp Sheridan, just outside of Montgomery, Alabama. On 22 June 1918, the 74th Brigade (includes the 147th and 148th Infantry Regiments), departed from Newport News, Virginia, and arrived in France on 5 July.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Cuba, Mexico, and World War I
After training in the Bourmont sector behind the frontline, the 147th relieved elements of the 77th Infantry Division in the Baccarat sector on 2 August 1918. This was a quiet sector, and the regiment continued to train under the tutelage of the French VI Corps. The 147th Infantry remained in the frontlines until 14 September 1918, when the 14th French Division relieved them. In the Meuse-Argonne, the 147th acted as a reserve for the 79th Infantry Division in the Avocourt sector, as a part of the US V Corps.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Cuba, Mexico, and World War I
The 37th and adjacent 79th Infantry Divisions advanced on heavy German positions and continued to push the enemy back. On 1 October, the units of the 37th Division were relieved by the 32d Infantry Division, and the 147th Infantry was relieved by elements of the 2d Infantry Division. The 147th was soon transferred to IV Corps control, where they relieved a regiment of the 89th Infantry Division on the frontline on 3 October, and remained until 11 October.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Cuba, Mexico, and World War I
Following this assignment, the 147th traveled with the 37th Division to Hooglede, near Ypres, and took part in the Ypres-Lys starting on 31 October. Continuous advance against heavy enemy fire characterized this assault. The men of the regiment swam across the Boche River on 2 November in the face of enemy fire, and prepared to cross the Scheldt. After fighting day and night, they crossed the Scheldt, and consolidated positions on the far bank. They were relieved on the night of 4–5 November and enjoyed some rest in the town of Thielt.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Cuba, Mexico, and World War I
On 8 November they were back in the fighting, and continued to advance until the last minute. The Armistice of 11 November 1918 brought the fighting to an end, and the 147th camped at Le Mans, France until they returned home to Ohio on 19 April 1919. They were demobilized from federal service that same day.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
At the beginning of US involvement in World War II, the 147th became a "lost regiment" when it pulled out of the 37th Infantry Division to triangularize it in 1942. The regiment went to war in the South Pacific as an independent regiment, and fought in several battles alongside a greater number of United States Marine Corps troops. The 147th first engaged in combat at Guadalcanal, where it took part in the assault on Mt. Austen.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
During this battle, General Alexander Patch was forced to reorganize his forces due to combat losses, and created the CAM (Composite Army-Marine) Division, which consisted of the 147th Infantry Regiment, the 182nd Infantry Regiment, and the 6th Marine Regiment, along with artillery elements from the Americal Division and the 2nd Marine Division. In early January 1943, I Company and a platoon of M Company cut off the Japanese escape routes along a 20-mile front while the CAM pushed the defenders back towards the western beach of Guadalcanal.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
Along the coast, the CAM Division began its attack at the same time with a three-regiment front: the 6th Marines on the beach, the 147th Infantry in the center, and the 182nd Infantry abreast of 25th Infantry Division on the left. Alternating the lead attack position, the 147th Infantry, the 182nd Infantry, and the 6th Marines progressed from one to three miles a day through weak resistance. By 8 February these units had reached Doma Cove, nine miles beyond the Poha River and the same distance short of Cape Esperance. By 9 February 1943, the Americans had cleared the island, and the 147th moved on to its next assignment.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The regiment relieved the 4th Marines on Emirau Island on 11 April 1944 and performed garrison duties until they were relieved by the 369th Infantry Regiment in June. While they were on Emirau, they assisted the US Navy Seabees in constructing an airfield, because the 147th was the only infantry regiment who'd constructed an airfield before (at Tonga in 1942). The regiment then moved to the island of Saipan in the wake of the first landings to conduct mopping up operations behind the 2nd Marine Division, the 4th Marine Division, and the 27th Infantry Division.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The island was declared secure on 9 July 1944, but Japanese resistance continued for months afterward. The 147th next moved to the island of Tinian to follow elements of the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions as they assaulted through the island. The 147th rooted out stubborn Japanese defenders and continued fighting after the island was officially declared secure on 1 August 1944.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The regiment's next assignment would prove to be their most difficult; in the spring of 1945, the Ohioans fought in the Battle of Iwo Jima. In the early days of the Marine landings, the 147th was ordered to climb from landing craft with grappling hooks to scale a high ridge about 3/4 mile from Mount Suribachi. The mission was to fire on the enemy opposing the Marine landings on the beaches below. They were soon pinned down by heavy Japanese fire, and engaged in non-stop fighting for 3 months.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
Once the island was declared secure, the regiment was ostensibly there to act as a garrison force, but they soon found themselves locked in a bitter struggle against thousands of stalwart defenders engaging in a last-ditch guerilla campaign to harass the Americans. Using well-supplied caves and tunnel systems, the Japanese resisted American advances. For three months, the 147th methodically scoured the island, using flamethrowers, grenades, and satchel charges to ferret out the enemy. Some sources credit the regiment with killing at least 6,000 Japanese soldiers in those anonymous and merciless small unit actions.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
The 147th would go on to fight in the bloody Battle of Okinawa, once again in charge of rooting out stubborn Japanese defenders who remained even after the island was declared secure. Company D, which remained on the island of Tinian, earned the distinction of transporting and guarding the Little Boy atomic bomb. When the war ended on 2 September 1945, the 147th Infantry was sent home piecemeal, and the last men to return home arrived in March 1946.


147th Regiment (United States), History, World War II
During World War II, the 147th Infantry Regiment fought in the infamous battles of Guadalcanal, Saipan, Tinian, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. These battles are often associated with the US Marines, but no US unit other than the 147th fought in all of these battles. Aside from the combat on the battlefield, the 147th was also victim of little press, fighting alongside Marines and the Navy, whose units commanded better public relations exposure.


147th Regiment (United States), History, Present
In 1994, the 147th Infantry was redesignated as the 147th Armor until 2007. Today the lineage of the 147th Infantry Regiment is perpetuated by 147th Regiment (Regional Training Institute) of the Ohio Army National Guard in Columbus, Ohio.


147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
The 147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (147 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the Royal Armoured Corps raised by the British Army in the Second World War. The regiment was created by the conversion of the 10th Battalion, Hampshire Regiment. The regiment served in North-west Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.


147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Origin
The regiment was formed by converting the 10th Battalion, Hampshire Regiment, a war service battalion raised in July 1940 serving with the 201st Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), along with the 9th Hampshires. The regiment was commanded by Lt. Col. A.R.W.S. Koe. In common with all other infantry battalions that were transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, the personnel would have still continued to wear their Hampshire Regiment cap badges on the black beret of the Royal Armoured Corps. The regiment named their tanks after famous past battles fought by the Hampshire Regiment, the CO's tank being named "Minden".


147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Service
The regiment, equipped with Churchill tanks, was assigned to the 34th Army Tank Brigade (34th Tank Brigade from June 1942) in December 1941. Serving alongside 147 RAC was the North Irish Horse and 153 RAC. In June 1942, the brigade became part of the 1st Mixed Infantry Division as part of an experiment with 'Mixed Divisions', of one armoured and two infantry brigades. In September, it was transferred to the 43rd Mixed Infantry Division, training in infantry-tank co-operation. However, in September 1943, the brigade became an independent brigade after the experiment with 'Mixed Divisions' was abandoned.


147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Service
In late June 1944, 147 RAC was sent, with the rest of the brigade, overseas to France as part of the invasion of Normandy and fought in the Normandy Campaign in particular during Operation Greenline, part of the Second Battle of the Odon launched in mid-July. During the battle, 147 RAC suffered 47 casualties between 15–18 July.


147th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Service
The regiment continued to serve with the brigade in Normandy until the breakout and later in the Siege of Le Havre (Operation Astonia), the Battle of the Reichswald (Operation Veritable, where the regiment suffered very heavy casualties and could only muster two weak squadrons) in February 1945, and the crossing of the River Rhine (Operation Plunder), when the Allies invaded Germany in March 1945. After Victory in Europe Day, on 8 May 1945, the regiment and brigade began preparing for service in the South-East Asian theatre. These preparations were halted as a result of the Japanese surrender.


147th Street (Sibley Boulevard) station
147th Street (Sibley Boulevard) is one of two Metra Electric stations located on its Main Branch in Harvey, Illinois. The station is located on 147th Street (IL 83, also known as Sibley Boulevard), and Clinton Street, and is 18.98 miles (30.55 km) away from the northern terminus at Randolph Street Station. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 147th Street-Sibley Boulevard Station is in zone D. As of 2018, the station is the 62nd busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 829 weekday boardings.


147th Street (Sibley Boulevard) station
The station is named after both of the names for Illinois Route 83 in Harvey; Sibley Boulevard, and 147th Street. The only other station to be given two street names in one is 211th Street (Lincoln Highway), also on the Metra Electric main line. The bridge over Route 83 has a clearance of 13 ft 10 in (4.22 m), and part of the waiting room is built underneath the north side of the bridge. A large parking lot exists on the east side of the tracks between 147th Street and the Little Calumet River. A smaller parking lot exists on the southwest corner of Clinton and 146th Streets on the west side of the tracks.


147th Street station
The 147th Street Station is a station on the METRO Red Line bus rapid transit service along Cedar Avenue in Apple Valley, Minnesota. The station is operated and served by Minnesota Valley Transit Authority.


147th meridian east
The meridian 147° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


147th meridian east
The 147th meridian east forms a great circle with the 33rd meridian west.


147th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 147th meridian east passes through:


147th meridian west
The meridian 147° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


147th meridian west
The 147th meridian west forms a great circle with the 33rd meridian east.


147th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 147th meridian west passes through:


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery
148 (Meiktila) Commando Forward Observation Battery is a specialist Naval Gunfire Support Forward Observation (NGSFO) unit within 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery of 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery
The unit provides Fire Support Teams (FST - formerly called Forward Observation parties) to control and co-ordinate Naval fires (naval gunfire support, naval air delivered guided and unguided munitions) from Royal Navy and allied ships, land based air delivered munitions and artillery fire from the gun batteries of 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery, when ashore in support of 3 Commando Brigade. In support of this role, the battery provides FSTs to the Royal Navy when conducting training on a variety of gunnery ranges around the world.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery
148 Battery's FSTs comprise gunners of the Royal Artillery, already qualified members of the regiment when posted into the battery, augmented by Royal Navy communications personnel (signallers) who are required to undergo the All Arms Commando Course. All personnel within the battery are also parachute trained. The battery is supported by a Battery Fitter Section from 29 Regiment's attached Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Workshop, also commando qualified. The battery and its Battery Fitter Section are based at RM Poole in Dorset.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, Formation
Originally formed during the Second World War, the unit eventually evolved into the 95 Forward Observation Unit (95 FOU). In 1975 the unit was reduced to its current size and co-located with the SBS at RM Poole. It was tasked with providing FO teams to the Royal Marines, the Parachute Regiment; the ACE Mobile Force (Land) (AMF(L)) and the SBS. The smaller sized unit soon found it was unable to meet its many obligations.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, The Falklands War
After the Argentine invasion of the Falklands, the unit deployed to the South Atlantic where it operated alongside both the SAS and SBS. The skills of the Commando-trained unit were in high demand as commanders re-discovered their usefulness. FO teams were relocated about the islands as the British advanced on the capital at Port Stanley.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, The Falklands War
Three British civilians in Port Stanley were killed by British naval gunfire controlled by the unit, when a ships' gun beacon MIP radar malfunctioned. The three women were sheltering in a part of the town which the FO team officer had been briefed was free of civilians. The FO team were themselves in a very exposed position to the north of the town. The FO officer calculated the ship's error, but the ship's computer system did not indicate anything wrong, so after three rounds were fired the FO officer dismissed the ship from the firing line.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, The Falklands War
The ship's weapons staff spent the next 24 hours going through their system, and discovered their radar had not locked onto the correct datum point, creating an error in firing equal to that calculated by the FO officer. The Argentine military command were very quick to announce this error as a deliberate act of aggression towards the Islanders. The FO team, which was still conducting covert reconnaissance and bombardment, learned of the tragedy from the BBC World Service.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, The Falklands War
FO teams called artillery fire and air strikes onto Argentine positions in support of every major British assault. With the Argentine surrender, the unit returned to their home in Poole.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, Persian Gulf 1991
148 provided teams initially in Northern Iraq and later assisted in the Scud missile hunt.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, Iraq
3 Commando Brigade conducted an amphibious landing to occupy the Al Faw Peninsula during Operation Telic, the 2003 invasion of Iraq. On the first night of the operation the unit suffered its first deaths of the war when a US Marine helicopter crashed close to the Iraq Border.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, History, Afghanistan
Lance Bombardier Ross Clark aged 25 from South Africa, and Lance Bombardier Liam McLaughlin, aged 21 from Lancashire, were killed during a rocket attack in the Sangin area of Helmand province on 3 March 2007.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Battery structure
The battery is formed into a number of Fire Support Teams (FSTs), operating ashore or in advance of the Forward Edge of Battle Area, to observe and identify candidate targets, conduct preliminary Battle Damage Assessment, adjust fire or provide target illumination for laser guided weapons.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Battery structure
The battery consists of HQ personnel, Fire Support Teams and administrative and logistical support personnel.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Battery structure
A FST consists of five personnel; a patrol commander (a Captain Royal Artillery), with a Bombardier RA as the second in command (2IC). The rest of the team consists of a (Royal Navy) communicator, RA Lance Bombardier, and Gunner. The team can be split in two with the Bombardier commanding one team and the Captain the other. All unit members are capable of co-ordinating air strikes and directing artillery fire.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Selection and introductory training
Volunteers for the battery must first complete the All Arms Commando Course, and a basic parachute course. After Commando qualification, unless already Observation Post qualified, they then undergo six months of basic Gunnery Control training and Observation Post operations. Personnel are trained in infiltration and exfiltration, covert observation, target identification and location, voice and data communications, adjusting gunfire from both afloat and ashore, and Forward Air Control (FAC) techniques. Upon completion of the course a new Naval Gunfire Assistant (NGA) will be assigned to a Forward Observation team for a probationary period.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Continuation and unit training
Once a NGA has completed probation the candidate may be selected to undergo further amphibious training beyond that of AACC. During amphibious training, NGAs are trained in over-water parachute infiltration. Training is also conducted in Small/Fast Boat Coxswains; Small/Fast Boat operations and long-range surface navigation. Much of the training is conducted at night with this being the preferred time for covert infiltration and exfiltration. One team member (the team medic) is also cross trained as a combat medical technician with additional medical training in BATLS (Battlefield Advanced Trauma Life Support) and BARTs (Battlefield Advanced Resuscitation).


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Continuation and unit training
The unit conducts training in various exercises and climates including mountain and arctic, jungle, desert and temperate. It regularly deploys with Royal Marines units to Norway for annual cold weather warfare training and to Belize for jungle warfare training. Given the similar skillsets there is a level of training with the USMC's Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company (ANGLICO) and Netherlands Marine Corps Marine Joint Effects Observer Groups to standardise procedures to assure interoperability.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Equipment
The battery uses the vehicles and standard equipment of 3 Commando Brigade, supplemented with specialist observation capabilities; night vision, voice and data communications and target indication such as Laser Target Designators and GPS location.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Equipment
Personal weapons are the L85A2, with the L7 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMGs) and Minimi as support fire weapons.


148 (Meiktila) Battery Royal Artillery, Equipment
As of July 2020, the battery began transitioning to the Colt Canada C8 rifles, similar to that of the UKSF and the Royal Marines adapting the Future Commando Force perception.


148 (number)
148 (one hundred [and] forty-eight) is the natural number following 147 and before 149.


148 BC
Year 148 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magnus and Caesoninus (or, less frequently, year 606 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 148 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


148 Gallia
Gallia (minor planet designation: 148 Gallia) is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 August 1875, by the French brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry at the Paris, but the credit for this discovery was given to Prosper. It was named after the Latin name for the country of France, Gaul. Based upon its spectrum, it is an unusual G-type asteroid (GU) and a stony S-type asteroid in the Tholen and SMASS classification, respectively.


148 Gallia
Photometric observations of this asteroid at the European Southern Observatory in 1977–78 gave a light curve with a period of 0.86098 ± 0.00030 days (20.6635 ± 0.0072 h) and a brightness variation of 0.32 in magnitude. A 2007 study at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States, yielded a period of 20.666 ± 0.002 hours with a magnitude variation of 0.21.


148 Gallia
This object is the namesake of the Gallia family (802), a small family of nearly 200 known stony asteroids that share similar spectral properties and orbital elements. Hence they may have arisen from the same collisional event. All members have a relatively high orbital inclination.


1480
Year 1480 (MCDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1480 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1480 kHz: 1480 AM is a Regional broadcast frequency.


1480s
The 1480s decade ran from January 1, 1480, to December 31, 1489.


1480s BC
The 1480s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1489 BC to December 31, 1480 BC.


1480s in England
Events from the 1480s in England. This decade marks the beginning of the Tudor period.


1480s in art
The decade of the 1480s in art involved some significant events.


1480s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1480s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1480s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1481
Year 1481 (MCDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar).


1481 Rhodes earthquake
The 1481 Rhodes earthquake occurred at 3:00 in the morning on 3 May. It triggered a small tsunami, which caused local flooding. There were an estimated 30,000 casualties. It was the largest of a series of earthquakes that affected Rhodes, starting on 15 March 1481, continuing until January 1482.


1481 Rhodes earthquake, Tectonic setting
The island of Rhodes lies on part of the boundary between the Aegean Sea and African plates. The tectonic setting is complex, with a Neogene history that includes periods of thrusting, extension and strike slip. It sits in what is known as the Hellenic arc, which is in an area that is highly vulnerable to seismic activity, and historically always has been, dating back to the 226 BC Rhodes earthquake. Currently the island of Rhodes is undergoing a counter-clockwise rotation (17° ±5° in the last 800,000 years) associated with the south Aegean sinistral strike-slip fault system. The island had also been tilted to the northwest during the Pleistocene, an uplift attributed to a reverse fault lying just to the east of Rhodes.


1481 Rhodes earthquake, Damage
Sources refer to destruction in Rhodes Town; the Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes was sufficiently damaged to require immediate rebuilding (Rhodes was at the time under siege by the Turks). The damage caused by the earthquakes led to a wave of rebuilding after 1481. Damage from the tsunami was said to be greater than from the earthquake. The tsunami caused a large ship to break free from its moorings. It (or another ship) later sank with loss of all its crew after running onto a reef. There were an estimated 30,000 casualties.


1481 Rhodes earthquake, Characteristics, Tsunami
The tsunami appears to have been relatively minor, estimated at a maximum 1.8 m. However, it was observed on the Levantine coasts and a tsunami sediment layer found at Dalaman, on the southwest coast of Turkey. Although the studies on sediment transport from tsunamis are limited, it is probable that the tsunami can be dated 1473 ±46. The sediment found and studied appears to be consistent with the aforementioned tsunami.


1481 Rhodes earthquake, Characteristics, Earthquake
There was a major foreshock on 15 March of that year. Following the mainshock on 3 May, earthquakes (presumably aftershocks) continued until January 1482, with large aftershocks on 5 May, 12 May, 3 October and 18 December. The estimated magnitude for the mainshock is 7.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale.


1481 Tübingia
1481 Tübingia, provisional designation 1938 DR, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1938, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named for the German city of Tübingen.


1481 Tübingia, Orbit and classification
Tübingia orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.1 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,916 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as A907 GQ at the U.S. Taunton Observatory in 1907. The asteroid's first used observation was made at Heidelberg in 1933, extending the body's observation arc by 5 years prior to its official discovery observation.


1481 Tübingia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In October 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Tübingia was obtained form photometric observations by James W. Brinsfield at Via Capote Observatory (G69) in California. Analysis gave a longer-than average rotation period of 24 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude (U=2). The result supersedes a much longer period obtained in the 1980s.


1481 Tübingia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Tübingia measures between 33.26 and 40.12 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.082 to 0.117. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results from IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.117 and a diameter of 33.26 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.35.


1481 Tübingia, Naming
This minor planet was named after Tübingen, city in southern Germany and birthplace of astronomer Johannes Kepler. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in April 1953 (M.P.C. 909).


1482
Year 1482 (MCDLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


14827 Hypnos
14827 Hypnos (prov. designation: 1986 JK) is a highly eccentric, sub-kilometer-sized carbonaceous asteroid that is thought to be an extinct comet. It is classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group.


14827 Hypnos
The asteroid was discovered by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California on 5 May 1986. It was named after Hypnos, the Greek god of sleep.


14827 Hypnos, Orbit and classification
Hypnos orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.9–4.7 AU once every 4 years and 9 months (1,749 days). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.67 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. It is frequently perturbed by Jupiter.


14827 Hypnos, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins at Anderson Mesa Station the night prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.


14827 Hypnos, Orbit and classification, Close approaches
As a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid Hypnos has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.0147 AU (2,200,000 km), which corresponds to 5.7 lunar distances.


14827 Hypnos, Orbit and classification, Close approaches
In 1958, Hypnos passed less than 0.03 AU from both Earth and Mars. Neither planet has been approached so closely by Hypnos since the 862 AD pass of Earth, or will be until the 2214 pass of Earth. It is also a Mars-crosser.


14827 Hypnos, Orbit and classification, Extinct comet
Hypnos may be the nucleus of an extinct comet that is covered by a crust several centimeters thick that prevents any remaining volatiles from outgassing.


14827 Hypnos, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Hypnos has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroids rotation period and spin axis remains unknown. It has a low brightness amplitude of 0.05 magnitude which indicates that the body has a rather spheroidal shape.


14827 Hypnos, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the NEOSurvey carried out by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, Hypnos measures 520 meters in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.22 based on an absolute magnitude of 18.65, while infrared radiometry gave a radar albedo of no more than 0.067 and a diameter of at least 740 meters.


14827 Hypnos, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard optical albedo for carbonaceous asteroids 0.057 and derives a diameter of 907 meters with an absolute magnitude of 18.94. The diameter agrees with Tom Gehrels 1994-publication Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids in which he estimated a mean-diameter of 900 meters for Hypnos.


14827 Hypnos, Naming
This minor planet was named after Hypnos from Greek mythology. He is the god of sleep, son of Nyx and Erebus and twin brother of Thanatos. He enters the sleep of mortals and gives them dreams of foolishness or inspiration. The English word "hypnosis" is derived from his name. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 January 2003 (M.P.C. 47301).


1483
Year 1483 (MCDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar).


14832 Alechinsky
14832 Alechinsky, provisional designation 1987 QC3, is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 August 1987, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in northern Chile. The highly elongated asteroid has a rotation period of 8.1 hours. It was named after Belgian painter Pierre Alechinsky.


14832 Alechinsky, Orbit and classification
Alechinsky is a member of the Vesta family. Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to cumulate eucrites (HED meteorites) and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,268 days; semi-major axis of 2.29 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins in 1987, as no precoveries had been taken prior to its discovery.


14832 Alechinsky, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of Belgian painter and internationally prominent 20th century artist, Pierre Alechinsky (born 1927), known for his treatment of colors, versatility and graphic humor. He was a member of the expressionist art group and avant-garde movement CoBrA, a name which was coined from the initials of the members' home cities: Copenhagen, Brussels, and Amsterdam. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 13 October 2000 (M.P.C. 41387).


14832 Alechinsky, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Alechinsky measures 4.4 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.194, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – which derives from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 3.9 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.2.


14832 Alechinsky, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In February 2013, two rotational lightcurves of Alechinsky were obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory, California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.07±0.02 and 9.5831±0.1453 hours, with a brightness variation of 0.98 and 1.30 in magnitude, respectively (U=2+/2). Such an exceptionally high amplitude in magnitude indicates that the body has a very elongated shape.


1484
Year 1484 (MCDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1484 Postrema
1484 Postrema, provisional designation 1938 HC, is a carbonaceous Postremian asteroid and namesake of the Postrema family from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 41 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 April 1938, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The name "Postrema" celebrates the astronomer's last minor planet discovery.


1484 Postrema, Orbit and classification
Postrema is the parent body and namesake of the Postrema family (541), a mid-sized central asteroid family of little more than 100 members.


1484 Postrema, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,656 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.


1484 Postrema, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A911 KC at Johannesburg Observatory in May 1911. The body's observation arc begins with its identification as 1933 DH at Lowell Observatory in February 1933, more than 5 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1484 Postrema, Physical characteristics, Spectral type
In the SMASS classification, Postrema is a bright carbonaceous B-type asteroid, while the overall spectral type of the Postrema family has been described as that of C- and X-type.


1484 Postrema, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In May 2006, two rotational lightcurves of Postrema were independently obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 12.19 and 12.1923 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.23 and 0.22 magnitude, respectively (U=2+/3-).


1484 Postrema, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
The asteroids lightcurve has also been modeled, using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database and other sources. Modelling gave a concurring period of 12.18978 hours, as well as two spin axis of (19.0°, 44°) and (250.0°, 64°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1484 Postrema, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Postrema measures between 34.696 and 47.00 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a notably low albedo between 0.0137 and 0.05.


1484 Postrema, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0409 and a diameter of 43.42 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.9.


1484 Postrema, Naming
This minor planet was named "Postrema", which means "the last of a group". It celebrates Grigory Neujmin's last numbered minor planet discovery. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in June 1955 (M.P.C. 1252).


1484 Postrema, Naming
The citation only holds true at the time of publication. In retrospect, Postrema is not Neujmin's last discovery, neither by number nor by its discovery date. These would be the asteroids 4420 Alandreev (highest numbered) and 2536 Kozyrev, officially discovered on 15 August 1939, more than a year after Postrema.


1484 papal conclave
The 1484 papal conclave (August 26–29) elected Pope Innocent VIII after the death of Pope Sixtus IV.


1484 papal conclave, The election
At the death of Sixtus IV, the conclave of cardinals that met to elect his successor numbered thirty-two cardinals.


1484 papal conclave, The election
The immediate context of the election was the nearly unprecedented packing of the College of Cardinals by Sixtus IV, not only in terms of overall size, but also in terms of cardinal-nephews and crown cardinals. As a result, nearly all of the non-Venetian cardinals supported the continuation of Sixtus IV's policies of isolation towards the Republic of Venice, specifically the Peace of Bagnolo. However, the two factions of cardinals differed over whether the church ought to prioritize the continuation of the Italian League or should prioritize papal power (especially vis-a-vis Naples) over the preservation of the peace. Cardinal Borja led the first faction and Cardinal della Rovere, the second; these factions were roughly aligned with the Orsini and Colonna families, respectively.


1484 papal conclave, The election
The conclave was carried out by the largest non-schismatic College since the eleventh century. Because of an intense dispute between the Colonna and Orsini, the city of Rome was marked by far more civil unrest during the sede vacante than was to be expected historically. While Count Girolamo Riario was away besieging a Colonna stronghold, his palace was sacked and his wife fled to the Castel S. Angelo. Upon his return to the city Count Riario joined his wife and held the Castel until persuaded to withdraw from the city with payment of 4000 ducats.


1484 papal conclave, The election
In order to prevent the selection of Cardinal Barbo, on the evening before the election, after the cardinals retired for the night, the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, nephew of the late Pope, and Cardinal Borgia, the Vice-Chancellor, visited a number of cardinals and secured their votes with the promise of various benefices.


1485
Year 1485 (MCDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1485 AM
Copies of the World Radio TV Handbook (including the 1991 edition) have identified 1485 kHz as a local frequency, akin to the Class C (former Class IV) radio stations in North America which are limited to 1kW.


1485 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1485 kHz:


1485 in Ireland, Events
Ulick Fionn Burke, became 6th lord of Clanricarde (died 1509)


1486
Year 1486 (MCDLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full Julian calendar for the year).


1486 Imperial election
The imperial election of 1486 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Frankfurt on February 16.


1486 Imperial election, Background
The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor called for the election of his successor. The prince-electors called to Frankfurt for this occasion were:


1486 Imperial election, Elected
Frederick's son Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor was elected to succeed his father.


1486 Imperial election, Aftermath
Frederick died on August 19, 1493. As per custom, Maximilian took the title King of the Romans on his father's death; the title Holy Roman Emperor was traditionally bestowed by the pope in Rome.


1486 Imperial election, Aftermath
In 1489, Pope Innocent VIII, in conflict with Ferdinand I of Naples, king of Naples, over Ferdinand's refusal to pay feudal dues to the papacy, had excommunicated and deposed him by a papal bull of September 11. Innocent then offered Naples to the king of France Charles VIII of France, who had a remote claim to its throne because his grandfather, Charles VII of France, had married Marie of Anjou of the House of Valois-Anjou, the ruling family of Naples at the time of their marriage in 1422. Innocent later settled his quarrel with Ferdinand and revoked the bans before dying in 1492, but the offer to Charles remained an apple of discord in Italian politics. Ferdinand died on January 25, 1494, and was succeeded by his son Alfonso II of Naples.


1486 Imperial election, Aftermath
On March 16, 1494, Maximilian married Bianca Maria Sforza. In October he granted her uncle, Ludovico Sforza, the ducal title in  Milan. Ludovico Sforza's title was immediately challenged by Alfonso, who also had a claim to it. To answer this threat, Ludovico Sforza invited Charles to take up Innocent's offer. The French invasion sparked a series of conflicts, the Italian Wars, among the states in Italy which made it impossible for Maximilian to travel to Rome. On February 4, 1508 at Trento, he claimed for himself the title of Electus Romanorum Imperator, Elected Roman Emperor, which was subsequently accepted on February 12 by Pope Julius II. Subsequent electees retained the right to call themselves Holy Roman Emperor without being crowned by the pope.


1486 Marilyn
1486 Marilyn, provisional designation 1938 QA, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 August 1938, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. The asteroid was named after Marilyn Herget, daughter of astronomer Paul Herget.


1486 Marilyn, Orbit and classification
Marilyn is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,191 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 0° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Uccle. No precoveries were taken.


1486 Marilyn, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In August and September 2013, two rotational lightcurves of Marilyn were obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.566 and 4.568 hours with a brightness variation of 0.48 and 0.42 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3). The results supersede a period of 2.2837 hours (half the previous period solution) from a fragmentary lightcurve obtained by Maurice Audejean in March 2012 (U=1+).


1486 Marilyn, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
The studies have also modeled the asteroid's lightcurve, using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD) and other sources. Modelling gave a concurring period of 4.566945 and 4.56695 hours, respectively. Each of the two studies also gave two spin axis in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β): (83.0°, −57°) and (270.0°, –62.0°), as well as (88.0°, −88°) and (267.0°, −66°).


1486 Marilyn, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Marilyn measures between 6.13 and 6.925 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.3118 and 0.391.


1486 Marilyn, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 8.18 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.8.


1486 Marilyn, Naming
This minor planet was named after Marilyn Herget, daughter of American astronomer Paul Herget, who computed the body's orbit (H 133). Herget is also the author of The Names of the Minor Planets first released in the 1950s. The asteroid 1751 Herget was named after him.


1487
Year 1487 (MCDLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


14871 Pyramus
14871 Pyramus, provisional designation 1990 TH7, is a dark Zhongguo asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 October 1990 by German astronomers Lutz Schmadel and Freimut Börngen at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Germany. The asteroid was named for Pyramus from classical mythology.


14871 Pyramus, Orbit and classification
Pyramus is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It is a member of the small group of Zhongguo asteroids, located in the 2 : 1 mean motion resonance with the giant planet Jupiter. Contrary to the nearby unstable Griqua group, the orbits of the Zhongguos are stable over half a billion years.


14871 Pyramus, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–4.0 AU once every 6.00 years (2,192 days; semi-major axis of 3.3 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1954, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 36 years prior to its discovery.


14871 Pyramus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pyramus measures 9.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.069. This is in line with a generic absolute magnitude-to-diameter conversion that gives a diameter of 4 to 9 kilometers for an albedo between 0.05 and 0.25.


14871 Pyramus, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained of Pyramus. The asteroid's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.


14871 Pyramus, Naming
This minor planet was named from Greco-Roman mythology after Pyramus, the lover of Thisbe (see minor planet 88 Thisbe) from which the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet ultimately originated. As narrated in Ovid's Metamorphoses, the two ill-fated lovers committed suicide as their parents were against their marriage. The asteroid's name was proposed by Austrian amateur astronomer Herbert Raab. The citation mentions that the "two lovers are now finally united forever in the asteroid belt". The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 January 2003 (M.P.C. 47301).


148780 Altjira
148780 Altjira /ælˈtʃɪrə/ is a binary classical Kuiper belt object (cubewano). The secondary, S/2007 (148780) 1, is large compared to the primary, 140 kilometres (87 mi) vs. 160 kilometres (99 mi). The Altjiran lightcurve is quite flat (Δmag<0.10), which is indicative of a "quasi-spherical body with a homogeneous surface".


148780 Altjira
The satellite's orbit has the following parameters: semi-major-axis, 9904 ± 56 km; period, 139.561 ± 0.047 days; eccentricity, 0.3445 ± 0.0045; and inclination, 35.19 ± 0.19°(retrograde). The total system mass is about 4 × 1018 kg.


148780 Altjira
It was named after the Arrernte creation deity, Altjira, who created the Earth during the Dreamtime and then retired to the sky.


1488
Year 1488 (MCDLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment
The 1488th Anti- Aircraft Rocket Regiment (Russian: 1488-й зенитный ракетный полк; Military Unit Number 03216) is a surface-to-air missile regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces.


1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment
It was formed in 1960 and soon became the 83rd Anti - Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Russian: 83-я зенитно-ракетная бригада) of the Soviet Air Defense Forces. The brigade provided air defense for the Leningrad area with S-75 Dvina and S-125 missiles. After reequipping with S-300PS missiles, the brigade was reorganized as the 1488th Anti- Aircraft Rocket Regiment in 1994.


1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, History
The brigade was originally formed as the 83rd Air Defense Brigade of Special Designation, a unit of System-100, the Leningrad air defense missile system, in accordance with a General Staff directive dated 15 January 1958. It was the first brigade of the system to be formed and was based at Zelenogorsk-4. The brigade received its equipment between May and July of that year and became operational in its air defense sector in August 1959. It received its battle flag on 22 April 1959. In August 1960, it was redesignated the 83rd Anti - Aircraft Rocket Brigade. It included eight battalions of S-75 Dvina missiles, and was reinforced by six S-125 battalions transferred from the 169th Guards Anti- Aircraft Rocket Regiment in 1964, which had relocated from Vaskelovo to Kornevo and Uglovo to reequip with the S-200V.


1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, History
In 1967, the brigade was directly subordinated to the 6th Independent Air Defense Army when the air defense missile system was abolished as an independent headquarters. By a directive of 5 October of that year, the brigade inherited the Order of the Red Banner awarded to the 3rd Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battalion of the 189th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment on 19 June 1943. The 189th provided air defense for Leningrad during the Siege of Leningrad in World War II, and cadres from it were used to form the brigade in the late 1950s.


1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, History
One of the S-75 battalions of the brigade was stationed at Lisy Nos in the Zhdanovsky District of Leningrad during the 1960s. In 1986, the brigade became part of the 54th Air Defense Corps. By the late 1980s, the 83rd included twelve missile battalions of S-75s and S-125s. In 1987, it began rearming with the new S-300PS in two groups of battalions. After the replacement of the S-75s and S-125s had been completed, the brigade was reorganized as the 1488th Anti- Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the summer of 1994.


1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, History
In 2009, the 54th Corps was converted into the 2nd Air Defense Brigade as part of the reform of the Russian Air Forces, and became part of the 1st Air and Air Defense Forces Command. The regiment became part of the 2nd Aerospace Defense Brigade in 2013 and the 2nd Red Banner Air Defense Division in 2014 when the brigade was reorganized. In 2015 the division became part of the 6th Air and Air Defense Forces Army when the latter was reformed. By 2016 the 1488th had been reequipped with new S-400 missiles.


1489
Year 1489 (MCDLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1489 in Portugal
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 11:28, 18 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


148th Aero Squadron
The 148th Aero Squadron was a unit of the United States Army Air Service that fought on the Western Front during World War I.


148th Aero Squadron
As a day pursuit (fighter) squadron, its mission was to engage and clear enemy aircraft from the skies and provide escort to reconnaissance and bombardment squadrons over enemy territory. It also attacked enemy observation balloons, and perform close air support and tactical bombing attacks of enemy forces along the front lines.


148th Aero Squadron
The squadron flew combat operations attached to the British Royal Air Force between July and October 1918. In October 1918, the squadron was transferred to the United States Second Army 4th Pursuit Group. However, with Second Army's planned offensive drive on Metz cancelled due to the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron saw no combat with Second Army.


148th Aero Squadron
After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, it was demobilized in 1919 as part of the Air Service, Second United States Army.


148th Aero Squadron
There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Formation and initial training
The squadron was formed at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas, on 11 November 1917. The unit was organized with a full complement of men by 17 November, and was ordered transferred to the Royal Flying Corps training school at Camp Taliaferro, Fort Worth, Texas, for training. Camp Taliaferro was made up of three different airfields: Everman Field, to the south, Benbrook Field, to the west and Hicks Field to the north.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Formation and initial training
The squadron was initially assigned to Everman Field for instruction in airplane engines and rigging. After about a month, the support clerks, motor drivers, quartermasters, etc. were sent to Benbrook Field for training. The squadron was re-assembled at Hicks Field on 24 January. Flying training was begun with eighteen Curtiss JN-4 Jennies. A month was spent at Hicks and the flying cadets completed their training, were commissioned and assigned to duty as flying officers within the squadron. On 14 February 1918, orders were received for overseas movement and the squadron left Texas for Garden City, Long Island, New York, arriving on 19 February.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Formation and initial training
The overseas movement to Europe was made from New York Harbor, Pier 54, with the squadron being assigned to the RMS Olympic. The ship embarked on 25 February unescorted, its speed protecting it from submarine attacks. Two German submarines were sighted but no attacks were made. The ship reached Liverpool, England, on 5 March 1918. The squadron disembarked the ship the next day and marched to the Liverpool railway station where a train took them to Winchester, Hampshire, on the south coast of England. Winchester was reached that evening and the squadron detrained and marched to "Flower Down Rest Camp".


148th Aero Squadron, History, Formation and initial training
A few days later, the squadron was moved to the Romsey Rest Camp. At Romsey, the flying officers were notified they would remain in England for further training at RAF flying schools. Training was received in the use of gas masks. On 19 March, the non-flying personnel were moved to the Southampton docks and loaded on a boat and an uncomfortable English Channel crossing was made to Le Havre, Upper Normandy, France.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France
In France, the Ground Echelon of the squadron began a four-month training stage before entering combat as a unit. The 148th was attached to the Royal Air Force and separated into three divisions (Headquarters and "A" Flight; "B" Flight and "C" Flight), each being sent to a different RAF squadron.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "A" Flight
Headquarters and "A" Flight were attached to No. 54 Squadron RAF and left Le Havre on 20 March, one day before the German spring offensive on 21 March. The squadron was ordered to proceed to Ham Airdrome, boarding a train to Chaulnes. As the train pulled into the town, they were met by the sound of a continuous artillery barrage, and the Luftstreitkräfte (German Air Force) were bombarding Ham. The squadron was ordered off the train and the city was being flooded both with troops heading towards the battle and refugees streaming into the city.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "A" Flight
A temporary tent camp was pitched about 100 yards from the railway station. Later, a German Gotha bomber flew over, looking to attack the railway station. The bomb missed the station and instead hit the temporary tent camp, killing nine men of the detachment. Many others were wounded in the attack and one later died the next day. The remainder of the detachment was ordered to leave Chaulnes as soon as possible, and boarded a train for Amiens, just before the German Army captured Chaulnes.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "A" Flight
By the time the detachment reached Amiens, the sounds of German bombs were all around and the detachment spent a very apprehensive night. On the afternoon of 23 March, the detachment was moved into the city where they spent a sleepless night in a schoolhouse, hearing the sounds of bombing all night around them. Orders again were received and the detachment boarded another train which took them back to Le Havre. At Le Havre, the detachment received a much needed rest. The squadron was moved to Étaples, arriving on 3 April, waiting for a day before moving on to Aire-sur-la-Lys, where an airdrome was garrisoned by 40 Sqn, RAF. At Aire, each man of the detachment was assigned to his particular duties and began training with an RAF counterpart.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "A" Flight
With the ongoing German Spring Offensive, many personnel were detailed to move up to the front and help dismantle airfields. This duty was performed under fire of German artillery. At Aire, the detachment worked on SE-5 fighters. Training was rapid and the Americans were soon taking an active part in taking care of the aircraft as well as the routine work carried out by the RAF mechanics. About 12 April, the Germans began shelling the area near the Airdrome, and occasionally shrapnel would be thrown into the hangars and billets. At night, searchlights would be busy looking for the German Gotha bombers and anti-aircraft artillery would be firing into the sky.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "A" Flight
After two months of training with 40 Sqn, the detachment was again moved to Serny and attached to 208 Sqn RAF, flying Sopwith Camels for training on that aircraft. On 30 June, the detachment was moved by truck to Cappelle Airdrome, Dunkirk, where the detachment was re-united with "B" and "C" Flights.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "B" Flight
"B" Flight was ordered to proceed to Albert, Picardy, and join No. 3 Squadron RAF. On 20 March the detachment entrained for Rouen and the next day it felt the effects of the German offensive. After a night at the Rouen Rest Camp, they boarded a troop train for Albert where first they were told to stay on the train and go on to the next station, Bapaume. In Albert, the sound of artillery was heard. A few miles out of the city, shells began to fall around the train.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "B" Flight
The shelling increased and damaged the road-bed in front of the train, so it began backing up and returning to Albert. On the way back, the shelling intensified and a German shell hit a signal tower along the side of the track. Once the train returned to Albert, a truck caravan met the detachment and transported the detachment to Albert Airdrome. At Albert, the detachment trained on the Sopwith Camel scout plane. With the German offensive in full swing, the squadron was continually working during every available hour of daylight trying to stop them.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "B" Flight
After a few days at the airfield and the Germans advancing, 3 Sqn received ordered to leave in a hurry. Orders were issued to take what could be taken, and burn what could not in order to prevent them from falling into the hands of the enemy. Men from the detachment worked frantically to load trucks and move out to safer territory.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "B" Flight
On 29 March 3 Sqn reformed at Valheureux, where a new airdrome had just been built. Work was commenced at once to get the squadron's aircraft back into the air to stop the Germans. The detachment remained there for about a month with the RAF and a high level of comradeship had been achieved. On 5 June orders were received for the detachment to move to Remaisnil, Picardy for training with 70 Sqn RAF on the Sopwith Camel.


148th Aero Squadron, History, Training in France, "B" Flight
As many of 70 Squadron's men were ill from influenza at the time, the detachment's help was greatly appreciated as they had been working on the Sopwith's rotary engines for nearly two months. The detachment worked with the squadron until the end of June when orders were received to report to Cappelle Airdrome, Dunkirk, where the 148th was re-forming.