1410s, Events, 1418, January–December
September 18 – King Taejong abdicates the throne. King Sejong ascends to the throne.


1410s BC
The 1410s BC is a decade which lasted from 1419 BC to 1410 BC.


1410s BC, Significant people
This BC year article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1410s in England, Incumbents
Monarch – Henry IV (to 20 March 1413), Henry V


1410s in art
The decade of the 1410s in art involved some significant events.


1410s in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the 1410s.


1410s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1410s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1410s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1411
Year 1411 (MCDXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1411 Brauna
1411 Brauna, provisional designation 1937 AM, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 31 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 January 1937, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named after Margret Braun, wife of Heidelberg astronomer Heinrich Vogt.


1411 Brauna, Orbit and classification
Brauna is a member the Eos family (606), one of the largest asteroid family in the main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. The family's parent body is the asteroid 221 Eos. Brauna is, however, a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements.


1411 Brauna, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 2 months (1,900 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.


1411 Brauna, Orbit and classification
Brauna was first identified as 1929 RT at Simeiz Observatory in September 1929. The body's observation arc begins at the discovering Heidelberg Observatory, one month after its official discovery observation.


1411 Brauna, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In September 2007, photometric observations at the Oakley Observatory in Indiana, United States, were used to build a lightcurve for Brauna. The asteroid displayed a well-defined rotation period of 4.90 ± 0.01 hours and a brightness variation of 0.15 ± 0.05 in magnitude (U=3).


1411 Brauna, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Brauna measures between 28.272 and 33.54 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.070 and 0.096.


1411 Brauna, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0793 and a diameter of 31.17 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.9.


1411 Brauna, Naming
This minor planet was named after Margret Braun (died 1991), wife of the Heidelberg astronomer Heinrich Vogt (1890–1968), after whom 1439 Vogtia was named. The previously numbered asteroid 1410 Margret was also named after Margret Braun. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 128).


1411 Fourth Avenue Building
The 1411 Fourth Avenue Building is a historic building in Seattle, Washington, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 28, 1991 (ID #91000633). The 15-story plus basement Art Deco structure is located at the Northwest corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street. The main entrance is located at 1411 Fourth Avenue.


1411 Fourth Avenue Building
The building was built in 1928 for the Stimson Realty Company under the direction of the Metropolitan Building Company for $1.1 million by Teufel & Carlson, contractors. Robert C. Reamer was the architect. The building was fully constructed within seven months in 1928, setting a record for a building of its size.


1411 Fourth Avenue Building
From 1997 to 2012 the ground floor housed Tully's Coffee flagship store on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street. The store was among those closed following Tully's bankruptcy protection filing.


1411 Fourth Avenue Building
In 2016, it was sold to the Onni Group for $29.6 million.


1411 Imperial election
The imperial election of 1411 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place on July 21.


1411 Imperial election, Background
On September 20, 1378, the cardinals elected Antipope Clement VII pope in opposition to Pope Urban VI, whom they had come to distrust. The existence of two popes in opposition to one another, called the Western Schism, led to escalating international crises as the kings of Europe were forced to choose sides. By 1411, three individuals claimed to be pope: Pope Gregory XII, Antipope Benedict XIII and Antipope John XXIII.


1411 Imperial election, Background
The Holy Roman Emperor Rupert, King of Germany died on May 18, 1410. Three of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire convened at the imperial election of September 20, 1410 to elect Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Hungary and son of a previous emperor, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, his successor. These included Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, burgrave of Nuremberg, who claimed to act on behalf of Jobst of Moravia, elector of Brandenburg and Rupert's nephew, without his knowledge or consent. The remaining electors did not accept Sigismund, and convened at the imperial election of October 1, 1410 to elect Jobst Rupert's successor.


1411 Imperial election, Background
Jobst died, possibly by poisoning, on January 18, 1411. The seven prince-electors called to select a Holy Roman Emperor in 1411 were:


1411 Imperial election, Elected
Sigismund was unanimously elected. He accepted his election, tacitly admitting to the invalidity of his election in September of the previous year.


1411 Imperial election, Aftermath
Sigismund was crowned King of the Romans at Aachen on November 8, 1414, and Holy Roman Emperor in Rome on May 31, 1433.


1411 Imperial election, Aftermath
On December 24, 1414, he arrived at the Council of Constance, a council which he had urged to end the Western Schism. The council would accept Gregory's resignation on July 4, 1415 and excommunicate John and Benedict in 1417. Pope Martin V was elected pope on November 11.


1411 Imperial election, Aftermath
In exchange for his support in the imperial election of September 1410, Sigismund appointed Frederick I elector of Brandenburg at the Council of Constance on April 30, 1415. Frederick I was the first member of the House of Hohenzollern, which would produce the three German emperors in the 19th and 20th centuries, to hold that title.


1412
Year 1412 (MCDXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) on the Julian calendar.


1412 Lagrula
1412 Lagrula, provisional designation 1937 BA, is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 or 23 kilometers in diameter, depending on the body's divergent reflectivity measurements.


1412 Lagrula
It was discovered on 19 January 1937, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the North African Algiers Observatory in Algeria. It was later named after French astronomer Philippe Lagrula.


1412 Lagrula, Classification and orbit
Lagrula is a presumed member of the Flora family, a large group of stony S-type asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,204 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. First identified as 1929 US at Lowell Observatory in 1929, the body's observation arc was extended by 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Algiers.


1412 Lagrula, Physical characteristics, Photometry
During March and April 2013, photometric observations of Lagrula were made over ten nights by Italian astronomer Giovanni Casalnuovo at Eurac Observatory (C62) in Bolzano, Italy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.9176 hours and a brightness variation of 0.28 magnitude (U=2+). In January 2016, a more refined period of 5.882 hours with an amplitude of 0.44 magnitude was obtained from a bimodal lightcurve by Spanish astronomer group OBAS, Observadores de Asteroides (U=3).


1412 Lagrula, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Lagrula measures 7.8 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.318 and 0.36, respectively (most recent results only). However, the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a carbonaceous albedo of 0.058 and calculates a diameter of 23.98 kilometers, which is in agreement with Giovanni Casalnuovo, who published a diameter of 23±3 and an albedo of 0.06 using an absolute magnitude of 11.81. Casalnuovo assumed a C-type, rather than an S-type, because he found an average V–R color index of 0.37±0.05 magnitude.


1412 Lagrula, Naming
This minor planet was named after French astronomer Joanny-Philippe Lagrula (1870–1941), discoverer of the minor planet 775 Lumière and director of the Quito Astronomical Observatory and Algiers Observatory. Naming citation was neither published in The Names of the Minor Planets nor in the Minor Planet Circulars, but researched and compiled by astronomer and author Lutz D. Schmadel, based on his private communications with his colleges (LDS).


1412 in France, Births
This year in Europe article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1413
Year 1413 (MCDXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1414
Year 1414 (MCDXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1414 Jérôme
1414 Jérôme, provisional designation 1937 CE, is a carbonaceous Dorian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 February 1937 by, French astronomer Louis Boyer at Algiers Observatory, Algeria, in northern Africa, and named after his father Jérôme Boyer.


1414 Jérôme, Orbit and classification
Jérôme is a member of the Dora family (FIN: 512), a well-established central asteroid family of more than 1,200 carbonaceous asteroids. The family's namesake is 668 Dora. It is alternatively known as the "Zhongolovich family", named after its presumably largest member 1734 Zhongolovich. The Dora family may also contain a subfamily.


1414 Jérôme, Orbit and classification
Jérôme orbits the Sun in the middle main-belt at a distance of 2.3–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,697 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc starts with its official discovery observation, as no precoveries were taken and no prior identifications were made.


1414 Jérôme, Physical characteristics
Jérôme is a dark C-type asteroid, classified as a hydrated Ch-subtype in the SMASS classification scheme.


1414 Jérôme, Physical characteristics
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Jérôme measures 15.1 and 17.2 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.065 and 0.054, respectively. It has an absolute magnitude of 13.1.


1414 Jérôme, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2017, Jérôme's rotation period, spin axis and shape remains unknown.


1414 Jérôme, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discoverer in honour of his father, Jérôme Boyer. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 128).


1415
Year 1415 (MCDXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1416
Year 1416 (MCDXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1416 Renauxa
1416 Renauxa, provisional designation 1937 EC, is an Eon asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 March 1937, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa. It was named after Joseph Renaux, an astronomer at the discovering observatory.


1416 Renauxa, Orbit and classification
Renauxa is a member the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family in the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,915 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.


1416 Renauxa, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A914 TB at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1914, where its observation arc begins with its identification as 1919 SC in September 1919, more than 17 years prior to its official discovery observation at Algiers.


1416 Renauxa, Physical characteristics
Renauxa has been characterized as a K-type asteroid, one of the first of such type ever identified and in line with the overall spectral type for members of the Eos family. In the Tholen classification, it is classified as an S-type asteroid. This is a known misclassification as S- and K-types are identical in the visual part of the spectrum.


1416 Renauxa, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In December 2009, a rotational lightcurve of Renauxa was obtained from photometric observations by Richard Durkee at the S.O.S. Observatory (H39). Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 8.700 hours with a low brightness variation of 0.11 magnitude (U=3), superseding previous observation that gave approximately half the period solution (U=1/2). A low brightness amplitude is typical for a spherical rather than elongated shape.


1416 Renauxa, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Renauxa measures between 22.24 and 34.42 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.09 and 0.212.


1416 Renauxa, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1122 and a diameter of 28.75 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7.


1416 Renauxa, Naming
This minor planet was named after P. Renaux, a French astronomer and assistant at the discovering Algiers Observatory. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 128).


1416 Yellow River flood
The 1416 Yellow River flood was a natural disaster affecting the area around Kaifeng, China, during the early Ming dynasty. The flood spilled over into fourteen other counties and seriously disturbed the Huai River.


1417
Year 1417 (MCDXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1418
Year 1418 (MCDXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1419
Year 1419 (MCDXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1419 Danzig
1419 Danzig (prov. designation: 1929 RF) is a highly elongated Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 5 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.1 hours and measures approximately 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) in diameter. It was named for the city of Gdańsk (German: Danzig).


1419 Danzig, Classification and orbit
When applying the synthetic hierarchical clustering method (HCM) by Nesvorný, Danzig is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. However, according to the 1995 HCM-analysis by Zappalà, and HCM-analysis by Milani and Knežević (AstDys), it is a background asteroid. The latter HCM-analysis does not recognize the Flora asteroid clan.


1419 Danzig, Classification and orbit
Danzig orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,268 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1917, it was first observed as A917 GA at Simeiz Observatory (and Heidelberg on the following night), extending the body's observation arc by 12 years prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1419 Danzig, Naming
This minor planet was named after the now Polish city and port on the Baltic sea, Gdańsk (German: Danzig). The city was also honored by another minor planet, 764 Gedania. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 128)


1419 Danzig, Physical characteristics
The overall spectral type for Florian asteroid is that of a stony S-type.


1419 Danzig, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and pole
In November 1988, Polish astronomer Wiesław Wiśniewski obtained a rotational lightcurve of Danzig from photometric observations. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 8.0±0.1 hours with a brightness variation of 0.92 magnitude (U=3). In October 2002, another lightcurve obtained by Italian and French amateur astronomers Silvano Casulli and Laurent Bernasconi gave a concurring period of 8.1202±0.0001 hours and an amplitude of 0.81 magnitude (U=3). While Danzig has an average rotation period, it has a high brightness variation, which indicates that the body has a non-spheroidal shape. In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources gave a period 8.11957±0.00005 hours, as well as a spin axis of (22.0°, 76.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (U=n.a. ).


1419 Danzig, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Danzig measures 14.059 and 15.09 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.238 and 0.260. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.2324 and a diameter of 14.139 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.45.


141st (5th London) Brigade
The 141st (5th London) Brigade (141 Bde) was an infantry brigade of the Territorial Army, part of the British Army, that served in the First World War and remained in the United Kingdom throughout the Second World War.


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Origin
When the Territorial Force was created in 1908 under the Haldane Reforms, the existing volunteer units in the London area were brought together into a new London Regiment and organised into two divisions with a full complement of infantry brigades  and supporting arms. 5th London Brigade formed part of 2nd London Division, with the following composition:


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, First World War
The outbreak of war on 4 August saw 5th London Brigade at Perham Down on Salisbury Plain, where it had just arrived for its annual training camp with the rest of 2nd London Division. They were immediately recalled to London to complete their mobilisation and by mid-August 5 London Brigade had reached its war station round Hatfield, Hertfordshire. The County of London Territorial Force Association immediately began raising '2nd Line' battalions, which quickly led to the formation of a duplicate 2/5th London Brigade (eventually 180th Brigade); consequently 5th London Brigade was renumbered 1/5th and its battalions were similarly prefixed (1/17th–1/20th).


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, First World War
In October 1914, 2nd London Division was selected for service on the Western Front and progressive training was carried out through the winter. 5th London Bde was the leading element of the division to land in France on 9 & 10 March 1915. In May the division (already known in France simply as 'The London Division' to distinguish it from the Regular Army 2nd Division) took its place in the line and was designated 47th (1/2nd London) Division, with the brigades numbered consecutively: 5th London became 141st (1/5th London) Brigade.


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, First World War, Actions
During the First World War, the brigade was engaged in the following operations:


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, First World War, First World War order of battle
There were few changes to the brigade's prewar Order of Battle during the campaign:


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, First World War, First World War order of battle
After the Armistice, 47th Division was engaged in railway repair and then settled down around Béthune to await demobilisation. This began in January, and the last troops left France on 10 May 1919. The brigade was demobilised at Felixstowe in May–June 1919.


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Interwar years
47th Division and its subformations began to reform in the redesignated Territorial Army in 1920. 141 Bde was reformed with its original battalions, and with brigade HQ at the Duke of York's Headquarters.


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Interwar years
In the 1930s, reorganisation of the TA saw the brigade's units being retasked (the 19th and 20th Bns became searchlight regiments in 1935) and posted away. The brigade was disbanded in 1936.


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Interwar years
The rapid expansion of the TA after the Munich Crisis saw 5th London Brigade reformed with Second Line TA battalions, to provide a duplicate of 2nd London Infantry Brigade. 5th London Brigade resumed its number as 141 (London) Brigade on 21 November 1940.


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Second World War
The composition of 141st (London) Brigade during the Second World War was as follows:


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Second World War
The 141st Infantry Brigade did not see any active service in the Second World War. It mobilised as a motor brigade, but became a conventional infantry brigade in June 1940. Between April and October 1944 it was responsible for an embarkation sector in Southampton for the Normandy landings. The brigade was disbanded on 27 October 1944. On 17 November 1944, 220th Brigade (which had recently joined 47th Division, now reformed as a reserve division) was renumbered 141st Infantry Brigade, but without any London connection. The new brigade had the following composition:


141st (5th London) Brigade, History, Second World War
The brigade was not included in the Territorial Army when it reformed in 1947, although three of its traditional battalions (London Rifle Brigade, London Scottish and London Irish Rifles) formed the bulk of 168th (Lorried) Infantry Brigade in 56th (London) Armoured Division.


141st (Rainy River District) Battalion (Border Bull Moose), CEF
The 141st Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Fort Frances, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Rainy River District of northern Ontario. After sailing to England in April 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 18th Reserve Battalion on May 7, 1917. The 141st Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. .


141st Air Control Squadron
The 141st Air Control Squadron (ACS) is a unit of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard. It is a mobile radar command, control and communications element of the United States Air Force Theater Air Control System located at Punta Borinquen Radar Station near by Rafael Hernandez Airport formerly Ramey Air Force Base in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico.


141st Air Control Squadron
The unit can be tasked by the Control and Reporting Center (CRC) to perform the following tasks: Battle management, weapons, surveillance, identification, and data link management. It also, can be assigned to deploy and operate directly subordinate to Air Operation Center.


141st Air Control Squadron
These activities include: Establishing long and short haul communication, providing continuous surveillance, assisting in air rescue operations, providing aircraft control and advisory services, establishing and maintaining data links, gathering and forwarding intelligence products, providing classification of airborne objects, and providing threat warnings to forward, lateral, and subordinate users including Army air defense units. In addition, the 141st ACS has been directly tasked to support the DoD Counterdrug Operations in the Caribbean, Central, and South America Region.


141st Air Refueling Squadron
The 141st Air Refueling Squadron (141 ARS) is a unit of the New Jersey Air National Guard 108th Wing located at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey. The 141st is equipped with the KC-135R Stratotanker.


141st Air Refueling Squadron
The 141 ARS was first organized as the 141st Aero Squadron on 2 January 1918 at Rockwell Field, California. The squadron deployed to France and fought on the Western Front during World War I as a pursuit squadron as part of the American Expeditionary Forces. The unit was demobilized after the war in 1919.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron
The 141st Aero Squadron (Pursuit) was a United States Army Air Service pursuit squadron, and part of the American Expeditionary Force. It was assigned to the 4th Pursuit Group, Second United States Army, AEF near the end of World War I.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron
The squadron saw limited combat, and with Second Army's planned offensive drive on Metz cancelled due to the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron was assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in July 1919.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Organization
The squadron was organized at Rockwell Field, San Diego, California on 8 October 1917. It was organized as an un-designated provisional unit with men drawn from the 14th and 18th Training Squadrons already at the field. The squadron trained with Curtiss JN-4 Jennies at Rockwell Field. It was not until the latter part of December that the mechanics and support enlisted personnel were assigned to the squadron, and was given its formal designation as the 141st on 2 January 1918 when it was ordered to proceed to Garden City, New York for overseas deployment.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Organization
The 141st reached Field No. 2, near Garden City on 9 January where final preparations for the squadron were made for overseas shipment. On 15 January it moved to Pier No. 45, Hoboken, New Jersey where it boarded the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia, arriving at Halifax, Nova Scotia, awaiting to form up into a convoy. on the 19th, it began the overseas journey with seven other ships along with the Cruiser USS San Diego, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland on 30 January. On the 31st, after a train trip to Winchester, England, the squadron was assigned to the Morn Hill Rest Camp for classification and advanced training in England.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Training in England
For the next several months, the squadron went through advanced training to prepare it for combat at the front in France. "A" Flight was assigned to Dover, Kent;  "B" Flight at the Hounslow Heath Aerodrome, near London, and "C" Flight to Northolt Airdrome, also near London. On 9 March 1918, the squadron reformed at Northolt where it proceeded to the , near Dover, Kent where it received final training by the Royal Flying Corps.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Training in England
The squadron arrived in France on 16 August 1918 and moved to the St. Maixent Aerodrome for equipping. Orders to move were received on 27 August for the Air Service Production Center No. 2 at Romorantin Aerodrome, where it waited for another nineteen days. Finally on 16 September it moved again to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome where the 141st received SPAD XIII pursuit aircraft. There it was assigned to the 4th Pursuit Group, and moved to Croix de Metz Aerodrome (Toul) for combat duty, arriving on 19 October.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Meuse-Argonne Offensive
The squadron's insignia was an orange and black tiger with a flyer's helmet. The 141st flew its first patrol on 23 October and every day thereafter. Its combat commander, Hobey Baker, was a famous hockey and football star at Princeton before the war. It was said, Hobey preferred Ivy League men in his unit, preferably from Princeton. Indeed, he painted the aircraft in his squadron in Princeton colors:  Orange and Black.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Meuse-Argonne Offensive
The 141st shot down its first enemy aircraft on 28 October, by Captain Baker. A second enemy aircraft was shot down on 6 November by a patrol consisting of Captain Baker and Lieutenants Shelby, Cady, Hamiln and Chappell. The 141st was involved in 13 combats, the only pursuit squadron of the Air Service, Second Army to do so.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Meuse-Argonne Offensive
After the November 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron remained at Gengault Aerodrome. Tragically, its commander, Captain Hobey Baker was killed on 21 December 1918 when he took a SPAD XIII up for one last ride. The SPAD developed engine trouble while taking off and Baker died when the aircraft crashed soon thereafter.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Third Army of Occupation
On 19 April 1919, the squadron was assigned to the Third Army Air Service, 5th Pursuit Group. It was moved to Coblenz Airdrome, Germany, to serve as part of the occupation force of the Rhineland. For the next several months the squadron was able to perform test flights on surrendered German aircraft. Flights of the Fokker D.VII, Pfalz D.XII, Halberstadts and Rumpler aircraft were made and evaluations were made.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Demobilization
On 18 June 1919, orders were received from Third Army for the squadron to report to the 1st Air Depot, Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome to turn in all of its supplies and equipment and was relieved from duty with the AEF. The squadron's SPAD aircraft were delivered to the Air Service American Air Service Acceptance Park No. 1 at Orly Aerodrome to be returned to the French. There practically all of the pilots and observers were detached from the squadron.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Demobilization
Personnel at Colombey were subsequently assigned to the Commanding General, Services of Supply and ordered to report to one of several staging camps in France. There, personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the Base Ports in France for transport to the United States. Upon return to the US, most squadron personnel were demobilized at Camp Mills, New York on 18 July 1919.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, 141st Aero Squadron, Reconstitution
On 8 September 1973 By order of the Secretary of the Air Force, the 141st Aero Squadron (Pursuit), demobilized on 19 July 1919 was reconstituted and allotted to the State of New Jersey. It was ordered consolidated with the 141st Tactical Fighter Squadron. The consolidated unit was designated as the 141st Tactical Fighter Squadron and was extended federal recognition by the National Guard Bureau same date. The consolidated unit was also bestowed the lineage, history, honors, and colors of the 141st Aero Squadron (Pursuit).


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, World War II
The 341st Fighter Squadron was activated at Mitchel Army Airfield, New York, on 30 September 1942. It was equipped with the P-47 Thunderbolt. The 341st was one of the first USAAF squadrons to be equipped with the P-47.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, World War II
After an extended period of training in the northeast United States, the squadron deployed to Archer Field (Archerfield Airport), Brisbane, Australia in June 1943. Began long-range missions to strike at Japanese targets in New Guinea. In mid-June the 341st made the 1,200-mile flight from Brisbane to Port Moresby, New Guinea. The unit operated from New Guinea and Noemfoor until November 1944, flying patrol and reconnaissance missions and escorted bombers to targets in New Guinea and New Britain.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, World War II
In 1944 the 341st began to attack airfields, installations, and shipping in western New Guinea, Ceram, and Halmahera to aid in neutralizing those areas preparatory to the US invasion of the Philippines. When U.S. troops landed on Luzon the squadron in process of conversion from P-47's to P-51 Mustangs, began operation from San Marcelino airstrip a few days after the landing at San Marcelino and Subic Bay. From this location the unit engaged in ground support operations, bombing and strafing in close support of ground troops. Remained in the Philippines throughout the campaign, moving to Okinawa in mid July 1945 in preparation for the planned invasion of Japan. Engaged in long-range operations over the Japanese Home Islands until ceasing combat on 14 August 1945.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, World War II
Became part of the Army of Occupation in Japan, moving to Itami Airfield, Japan in October 1945 as part of Far East Air Forces. Inactivated at Itami Airfield on 10 May 1946.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
The wartime 341st Fighter Squadron was re-designated as the 141st Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the New Jersey Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized and re-designated as the 141st Strategic Fighter Squadron at Mercer Airport, Trenton, New Jersey and was extended federal recognition on 26 May 1949. The 141st Strategic Fighter Squadron was entitled to the history, honors, and colors of the 341st. The squadron was equipped with F-47D Thunderbolts and was assigned to the 108th Strategic Fighter Group.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
In the late 1940s, the new Strategic Air Command (SAC) was manned by personnel of the wartime Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces. During World War II they usually encountered swarms of enemy fighters and knew the importance of having fighter escorts. In the postwar era, SAC had fighter wings placed under their own operational control. The squadron trained in escorting SAC's B-29 and later B-50 and B-36 strategic bombers.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
The unit was called to active federal service on 1 March 1951. The squadron was sent to Turner AFB, Georgia where it continued its mission to provide fighter escorts to SAC bombers on training missions. In December 1951 it was moved to Godman AFB, Kentucky where it replaced a unit deployed to England. It was released from active duty and returned to New Jersey state control on 10 November 1952.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
With return to state control, the parent 108th SFW was transferred to Air Defense Command (ADC) and was re-designated as a Fighter-Interceptor Wing. The 141st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was re-equipped with the long-range North American P-51H Mustang fighter. Designed for the invasion of Japan, the P-51H was the last variant of the P-51 Mustang of World War II, but was produced too late to see any wartime combat.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
Not used in the Korean War due to it not being believed as "rugged" as its famous "D" model predecessor, the P-51H was used instead to equip Air National Guard units into the 1950s as an ADC interceptor. In 1955, the Mustangs were retired and the squadron entered the jet age, with the arrival of the North American F-86E Sabre.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
The parent 108th FIW was transferred to Tactical Air Command (TAC) in 1958, being re-designated as a Tactical Fighter Wing. The 141st Tactical Fighter Squadron transferred its interceptors and received and F-84F Thunderstreak fighter-bombers.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
At the height of the Cold War in 1961, the squadron was again federalized as a result of tensions concerning the Berlin Wall. 28 F-84F's of the 141st TFS and officers and airmen from all three squadrons of the 108th TFW were deployed to Chaumont-Semoutiers AB, France on 16 October with the last aircraft and personnel arriving on 6 November. The ground units deployed by sealift, with the deployed elements reaching Chaumont by 17 November.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
In France, the deployed elements were assigned to the Provisional USAFE 7108th Tactical Wing on 20 November due to the reduced strength of the 108th TFW in Europe. The primary mission of the 7108th was to provide close air support to the Seventh Army in Europe under the direction of Ground Forward Air Controllers. To accomplish this mission, up to 30 sorties were flown each day. The deployment to France ended in October 1962 and the unit returned to New Jersey state control, leaving the F-84Fs in France.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
Upon return from France, the squadron was moved from Trenton to McGuire AFB due to air congestion in the Philadelphia area. At McGuire AFB, the squadron was re-equipped with North American F-86H Sabres. Beginning in 1965, the Sabres were retired and the squadron began to receive the F-105B Thunderchief. The 108th TFW was the first Air National Guard unit to fly twice the speed of sound. In May 1981, the F-4D Phantom II replaced the F-105s, and in 1985, they were upgraded to the F-4E Phantom II.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
With the end of the Cold War, the parent 108th Tactical Fighter Wing was re-aligned to a KC-135 Stratotanker Air Refueling Wing. The F-4s were retired and the squadron was re-designated as the 141st Air Refueling Squadron. Also, as part of the conversion of the wing to the Objective Wing organization, the 108th Tactical Fighter Group became the 108th Operations Group, to which the 141st ARS was assigned. The 141st ARS was certified combat ready on 3 December 1992. The very next day it was tasked with its first operational deployment – nothing less than spearheading and establishing the U.S. – Somalia air bridge for OPERATION RESTORE HOPE. It deployed an air refueling detachment to Moron Air Base, Spain.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
In September 1994, for over 30 days, five aircraft deployed to Pisa Airport, Italy for DENY FLIGHT. The 108th replaced the 126 ARW of the Illinois Air National Guard. The 108th ARW was the first Air National Guard unit to take full responsibility during that period.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, History, New Jersey Air National Guard
In 2007, the 141st ARS began retiring its KC-135E aircraft and transitioning to the KC-135R.


141st Air Refueling Squadron, Lineage, Heraldry
Unit Emblem: A Great Bengal tiger with orange and black markings playing with a German helmet and Iron Cross. The Tiger is intended to be a Princeton Tiger in honor of Captain Hobey Baker, the squadron commander, of Princeton University fame. Designed by Lt. Slaughter; approved in 1918; transferred to the 141st Tactical Fighter Squadron on 30 October 1973; approved on 6 January 1988.


141st Air Refueling Wing
The 141st Air Refueling Wing (141 ARW) is a unit of the Washington Air National Guard, stationed at Fairchild Air Force Base, Spokane, Washington. If activated to federal service, the 141 ARW is gained by the United States Air Force and assigned to the Air Mobility Command (AMC). As a result of BRAC action, the 141 ARW no longer has any unit-assigned aircraft and shares KC-135R aircraft with AMC's 92d Air Refueling Wing at Fairchild AFB.


141st Air Refueling Wing
The 116th Air Refueling Squadron assigned to the Wings 141st Operations Group, is a descendant organization of the World War I 116th Aero Squadron, established on 28 August 1917. It was reformed on 6 August 1924, as the 116th Observation Squadron, and is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.


141st Air Refueling Wing, Overview
The 141st Air Refueling Wing's mission is to provide the core aerial refueling capability for the United States Air Force and the Air Guard. This unique aircraft enhances the Air Force's capability to accomplish its primary missions. It also provides aerial refueling support to Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps and allied nation aircraft. Equipped with the KC-135 Stratotanker, the Wing is capable of transporting litter and ambulatory patients using patient support pallets during aeromedical evacuations. The KC-135 has often served as transport for its own units such as the 141 Security Police Squadron, now 141 Security Forces Squadron.


141st Air Refueling Wing, Units
The 141st Air Refueling Wing is composed of the following units:


141st Air Refueling Wing, Units
The 141 ARW provides support to two squadrons that are assigned to the 194th Regional Support Wing but are geographically separated units stationed at Fairchild AFB:


141st Air Refueling Wing, History
On 1 May 1956 the Washington Air National Guard 116th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 141st Fighter Group (Air Defense) was allotted by the National Guard Bureau, extended federal recognition and activated. The 116th FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 141st Headquarters, 141st Material Squadron (Maintenance), 141st Combat Support Squadron, and the 141st USAF Dispensary.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Defense
The 141st Fighter Group (AD) was assigned to the Oregon ANG 142d Air Defense Wing. In 1957, the interceptor aircraft were upgraded from the Korean War era F-94A Starfes to the more capable F-89J Scorpion. In 1960, the 141st Fighter Group (AD) was reassigned to the Washington Air National Guard headquarters and was re-designated as the 141st Fighter Group on 1 July.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Defense
Two 141st fighters crashed during the winter of 1961/62. On 28 December 1962, a Northrop F-89 Scorpion jet interceptor flown by Captain Donald Repp and 1st Lieutenant William Auvill lost power and crashed while on approach to Geiger Field. Both pilots were killed. A second crash occurred a week later when, on 6 January 1962, an F-89 flown by Captain Donald Adcock and Lt Larry Grosse crashed northeast of Penticton, British Columbia. Grosse died in the crash, but Adcock survived after ejecting and was rescued by a Royal Canadian Air Force helicopter crew.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Defense
Another crash occurred on 17 November 1963, when mechanical failure caused an F-89 to crash during a night training mission near Windy Peak in Okanogan County, Washington. The observer, Major Rolin Deschane, was rescued near the crash site, but the body of the pilot, Captain Robert Boucher, wasn't recovered until 1974.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Defense
In 1965, the Washington Air National Guard announced that the 116 FIS would convert from the F-89 to the nuclear-capable Convair F-102 Delta Dagger. 1967 was a "trophy" year for the 141st Fighter Group and the 116th. Trophies and awards received included the Spaatz Trophy for the most Outstanding Air National Guard Flying Unit, the Air National Guard Outstanding Unit Plaque, the Air Force Outstanding Unit Trophy and the Winston P. Wilson Award. In 1969, the unit accumulated an outstanding record, 37,900 accident-free flying hours, receiving the 25th Air Division Flying Safety Award five years in a row.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling mission
In July 1976, the 141st Fighter Group was transferred to Strategic Air Command (SAC) and the 116th Fighter Squadron converted to the KC-135 Stratotanker, becoming the fifth Air National Guard unit to join SAC. With the transfer, the 141st was changed in status from a Group to a Wing. The 141st Air Refueling Wing also moved from Geiger Field to nearby Fairchild Air Force Base to accommodate the larger KC-135A aircraft. An Air National Guard spokesman at the time characterized the conversion from the McDonnell F-101 Voodoo to the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker as "like giving up an MG for a semi-truck".


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling mission
During the 1990 Gulf Crisis, aircrew, maintenance and support personnel responded to the Iraq invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990, and deployed to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Upon federal activation in December 1990, all eight of the unit’s KC-135's deployed to the Middle East. The 116th refueled coalition attack aircraft during Operation Desert Storm.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling mission
In December 1991, the unit responded with aircrew and support personnel for Operation Restore Hope, a United Nations relief mission to aid hunger victims in Somalia. In 1992, the Air Force considered, but ultimately rejected, converting the 141st from an air refueling wing to a bomb wing equipped with the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, possibly transferred from the 92d Bomb Wing. June 1995, several rotations deployed to Pisa, Italy, for Operation Deny Flight, NATO mission enforcing the no-fly zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina. In May 1999, six KC-135E's deployed to Budapest, Hungary in support of Operation Allied Force to deter ethnic aggressions in Yugoslavia.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Air Refueling mission
On 13 January 1999, one of the unit's KC-135Es crashed at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen Air Base, Germany, killing all four crew members. This was the first time the unit lost an aircraft or lives since beginning the aerial refueling mission in 1976. A monument was erected at the site the following year.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
After the 11 September 2001 attacks, the 141st ARW began refueling flights supporting Operation Noble Eagle almost immediately. In 2002 a new digital navigation system, called Pacer CRAG, was added to the aircraft and crews trained to function without a navigator. Members of the 116th also joined the thousands of Guard and Reserve forces called up to deploy all over the world in support of America's "War on Terror."


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
When the first Guard KC-135 R-model landed on Fairchild AFB in January 2003, with its new engines, it became the 40th different airplane the 116th pilots had flown since it was created back in 1924. Each one of the four engines of the KC-135R produces over 21,000 pounds of thrust. The unit's first plane, the JN-6-A2 "Jenny," had a wooden body covered in fabric and only weighed 1,430 pounds.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
At the time President George W. Bush ordered coalition military units into Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom in March 2003, the 116th was in a training status to transition into the R model KC-135. Since then the 116th has supported continuous deployments including antiterrorism efforts abroad under Operation Enduring Freedom and air refueling missions over the US for homeland defense flights under Operation Noble Eagle.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
During a banquet ceremony in July 2003, the 141st Air Refueling Wing accepted the coveted Solano Trophy marking the wing as the best Air National Guard unit in the 15th Air Force.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Overseas deployments and homeland security refueling missions have dominated the tasking landscape for the squadron since 2004. In response to the Congress-mandated 2005 Base Realignment and Closure process, the last of the KC-135 Stratotankers belonging to the 141st Air Refueling Wing were redirected to Iowa, and as of 1 October 2007 116th crew members now share aircraft with the active duty 92d Air Refueling Wing.


141st Air Refueling Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
Today, 116th crews still deploy around the world to fulfill Air Expeditionary Force commitments much the same as during the First World War.


141st Air Refueling Wing, Further reading
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


141st Aviation Training Regiment
The 141st Aviation Training Regiment (Serbo-Croatian: 141. školski puk, 141. школски пук) was an aviation regiment established in 1952 as part of the SFR Yugoslav Air Force. The regiment was stationed at Sarajevo Military Airport until it was disbanded the following year.


141st Aviation Training Regiment, History
The 141st Aviation Training Regiment was formed on 1 January 1952, pursuant to an order issued on 7 December 1951. It was established at Sarajevo Military Airport as part of the Active Aviation Officers' School of the Military Aviation Academy. During its short existence it was equipped with a domestic-made trainer aircraft and the Soviet-made World War II-vintage Yak-9U single-engine fighter aircraft. The regiment was disbanded on 20 January 1953, following an order issued on 20 December 1952. The aircraft, personnel and equipment of the regiment were transferred to the 104th Aviation Training Regiment.


141st Delaware General Assembly
The 141st Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1st and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 2, 2001, which was two weeks before the beginning of the first administrative year of Democratic Governor Ruth Ann Minner from Kent County and Democratic Lieutenant Governor John Carney from New Castle County.


141st Delaware General Assembly
Currently the distribution of seats for both houses was based on the interpretation of the federal 1990 census. It resulted from a large number of memberships in the New Castle County area and ruling that the election districts would abandon county lines for their boundaries, but would design whatever district boundaries that would accomplish such population equals.


141st Delaware General Assembly
In the 141st Delaware General Assembly session the Senate had a  Democratic majority and the House had a Republican majority.


141st Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
About half the State Senators were elected every two years for a four-year term, except the decade district redesign year, when all served two years. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.


141st Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
All the State Representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.


141st Field Artillery Regiment
The 141st Field Artillery Regiment (Washington Artillery) is a United States field artillery regiment.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
The 141st Field Artillery is an historic American military unit that is currently part of the Louisiana Army National Guard headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana. It traces its lineage to a militia artillery battery back to 1838, and its heritage includes substantial combat service in several major wars. It earned the Presidential Unit Citation (US) for its service in World War II.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
The Washington Artillery was founded on 7 September 1838, as the Washington Artillery Company. It received its regimental flag in August 1846 after serving under Zachary Taylor in the Mexican–American War.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
26 May 1861 the Unit was mustered into the American Civil War; four companies served in the Army of Northern Virginia and a fifth was in the Army of Tennessee. Elements of the Washington Artillery participated in over sixty major actions. A few notable engagements include: Battle of Antietam, Battle of Perryville, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Chickamauga, Battle of Fredericksburg, First Battle of Manassas, and the Battle of Cold Harbor.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
After the Civil War, it was reorganized as an independent unit called the "Louisiana Volunteer Field Artillery" where it served the United States in the occupation of Cuba. It later was called into service to protect the Mexican border in 1916. A year later it received the designation 141st Artillery. In early 1941, the 141st Field Artillery was mobilized for World War II where it earned the Presidential Unit Citation; a duplicate unit was formed, the 935th Field Artillery Battalion, with both serving in Europe and North Africa. The anti-tank batteries of the battalion were separated in mid-1941, and formed the 773rd Tank Destroyer Battalion.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
On 1 July 1959, the 141st and 935th Field Artillery Battalions were consolidated with Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 204th Antiaircraft Artillery Group, 527th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, and the 219th Antiaircraft Artillery Detachment to form the 141st Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System to consist of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Howitzer Battalions, elements of the 39th Infantry Division, the 4th Automatic Weapons Battalion, and the 5th Detachment. The 141st Artillery was redesignated on 1 May 1972 as the 141st Field Artillery to consist of the 1st Battalion, an element of the 256th infantry Brigade. It was withdrawn 30 June 1986 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
In 2004 through 2005 and again in 2010, the 141st FA as part of the 256th Infantry Brigade mobilized to Baghdad, Iraq, in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and New Dawn.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
On 29 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Mississippi while most members of the Washington Artillery were still serving their final weeks of deployment in Iraq. Following the return of the battalion to Louisiana, a detachment immediately mobilized to New Orleans to aid law enforcement with rescue efforts. With the help of the Louisiana State Police, those efforts transitioned into a support mission for the New Orleans Police Department.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, History
Joint Task Force Gator was created to help combat the rise of looting and other crimes resulting from the loss of law enforcement officers in the New Orleans area. After three-and-a-half years of assisting local police and patrolling the city, the task force was released from duty on 28 February 2009.


141st Field Artillery Regiment, Current
The 141st Field Artillery currently consists of the 1st Battalion, 141st Field Artillery. It is assigned as the fires battalion for the 256th Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the Louisiana Army National Guard headquartered in the famed Jackson Barracks.


141st Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 141st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was among scores of regiments that were raised in the summer of 1864 as Hundred Days Men, an effort to augment existing manpower for an all-out push to end the war within 100 days.


141st Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The 141st Illinois Infantry was organized at Elgin, Illinois, and mustered into Federal service on June 16, 1864, for a one-hundred-day enlistment. The 141st served in garrisons in the Columbus, Kentucky, area.


141st Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out of service on October 27, 1864.


141st Illinois Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered a loss 30 enlisted to disease, but lost no men otherwise.


141st Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 141st Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that failed to complete its organization to serve in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The enlisted men were transferred to the 140th Indiana Infantry Regiment.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 141st Infantry Regiment ("1st Texas Infantry") is an infantry regiment in the United States Army. The lineage of the 141st includes units tracing origins to the Texas Revolution, such as Company A, First Texas, 1836, and other infantry companies of the First Texas formed in the 1870s and 1880s.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II
During World War II a battalion assigned to the 36th Division was given the assignment to clear a ridge deep in the Vosges but had been cut off by the Germans. That occurred because the flanking units received an order to withdraw that failed to reach the battalion. That unit, the 1st Battalion of the 141st, had been cut off since 24 October 1944. The other two battalions of the 141st were unable to break through. The 100th /442nd, was ordered to relieve the Lost Battalion (More men were lost in the 100th/442nd in the rescue operation than there were to save in the 1st of the 141st.)


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II
In their efforts to annihilate the entrapped Americans, the Grenadier troops suffered catastrophic losses. The action, in concert with their earlier combat record, led Heinz Guderian to give the 141st the number 2 rating overall in his Order of Battle assessment among all Allied units to face the Wehrmacht.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Postwar years
In 1973 the 49th Armored Division was reactivated, with the first and third battalions of the 141st Infantry (mechanized) assigned to the 1st Brigade. The 2/141 was mechanized and assigned to the 3d Brigade of the 49th Armored Division. By 1979, all three battalions of the 141st were assigned to the 1st Brigade, 49th Armored Division. In 1984, the 1/141 and 2/141 continued to be assigned to the 49th Armored, and 3d/141st was assigned to Texas National Guard Troop Command. In 1995, 2/141 was demobilized and the 3/141 was assigned to the 36th Brigade of the 49th Armored Division.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Postwar years
As part of the 2004 reorganization of the 49th Armored Division into the 36th Infantry Division the 141st Infantry is now part of the latter division as part of the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
Constituted 18 February 1823 in the Mexican National Militia as the Texas Regiment


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
(Republic of Texas annexed to the United States 29 December 1845)


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
While remaining in state service, the following units additionally organized for Confederate service:


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
Turner Rifles, Rough and Ready Company and the Houston Artillery mustered into Confederate service during the summer of 1861; concurrently, reorganized and redesignated as the 3d Texas Artillery Battalion, and assigned to the District of Texas,


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
Reorganized and redesignated 24 June 1874 as a Regiment of Reserve Militia


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
Elements reorganized and redesignated 10–12 May 1898 as the 1st Texas Volunteer Infantry and mustered into Federal service at Austin; mustered out of Federal service 18 April 1899 at Galveston


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
(36th Division reorganized and redesignated 1 February 1942 as the 36th Infantry Division)


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
Withdrawn 1 August 1987 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System with headquarters at San Antonio


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage, Annex 1
Former Companies B, D, and K, 1st Infantry Regiment, reorganized 1 January 1908 in the Texas National Guard from existing elements as a separate infantry battalion


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia, Description
A silver color metal and enamel device 1 3/16 inches (3.02 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: per pale argent and gules, a fleur-de-lis Azure and the badge of the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army Corps, during the Spanish–American War, Proper fimbriated of the first on a chief dancetté of the third a mullet of the fifth. Attached above the shield on a wreath Argent and Gules, a mullet Argent encircled by a garland of live oak and olive Proper. Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Blue scroll inscribed "REMEMBER THE ALAMO" in silver letters.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia, Symbolism
The colors of the shield are white, red and blue and, with the mullet, allude to the flag of the Texas Republic, under which Company A, the oldest unit, was first organized. The badge on the sinister side of the shield represents the Cuban Occupation service of the 141st Infantry, Texas National Guard. The fleur-de-lis represents World War I service. The crest is that of the Texas Army National Guard.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia, Symbolism
The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 3 March 1931. It was amended to correct the wording in the blazon of the shield on 11 March 1931 and to add the crest of the Texas Army National Guard on 22 January 1969.


141st Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Background
The coat of arms was approved on 5 March 1931 and was amended to correct the blazon of the shield on 11 March 1931.


141st Mixed Brigade
The 141st Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War. It participated in the Battle of Belchite, Aragon Offensive, Battle of the Segre and the Catalonia Offensive.


141st Mixed Brigade, History
The 141st Mixed Brigade was created in May 1937 as a reserve of the Eastern Army and integrated into the 32nd Division of the X Army Corps. It was mainly made up of anarchist militiamen. Although its first commander was Sebastián Zamora Medina, shortly afterwards the command of the unit passed to Eduardo Barceló Llacuri.


141st Mixed Brigade, History
After completing their training, the brigade was sent to the Huesca front. For the Zaragoza Offensive it stationed itself in Castellnou as a reserve and, on September 27, entered combat to support the XII International Brigade in the Villamayor sector. Later, Barceló was prosecuted for the shooting of a militia unit of the POUM, as was his successor, Bosch Montes. During the withdrawal from Aragón the brigade covered the Quinto sector and was overwhelmed by nationalist troops who attacked at this point, concentrating their remains in Montgay. Later the brigade took part in the fighting at the bridgehead of Balaguer, later moving to the sector of Artesa de Segre. During the Battle of the Ebro, one of the unit's battalions participated in the combat.


141st Mixed Brigade, History
On January 14, 1939, while the Catalonia Offensive was taking place, the brigade was positioned in a defensive line trying to defend Cervera, although it was lost the next day. It withdrew to Calaf and later to the Manresa-Vic area to continue the general withdrawal towards the French border.


141st New York Infantry Regiment
The 141st New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 141st New York Infantry was organized at Elmira, New York, beginning August 14, 1862 and mustered in for three years service on September 11, 1862 under the command of Colonel Samuel G. Hathaway Jr..


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to VIII Corps, Middle Department, to October 1862. 2nd Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, Defenses of Washington, to February 1863. 2nd Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, XXII Corps, to April 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VII Corps, Department of Virginia, to May 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, IV Corps, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1863, and Army of the Cumberland to April 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 141st New York Infantry mustered out June 8, 1865. Recruits and veterans were transferred to the 60th New York Infantry.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Middle Department September 15, 1862. Duty in the defenses of Washington, D.C. until April 1863. Moved to Norfolk, then to Suffolk, Va., April 15–17. Siege of Suffolk April 17-May 4. Siege of Suffolk raised May 4. Moved to West Point May 5, then to Yorktown May 31. Dix's Peninsula Campaign June 24-July 7. Expedition to Bottom's Bridge July 1–7. Moved to Washington, D.C., July 10–11. March in pursuit of Lee to Berlin, Md., July 13–24. Duty along Orange & Alexandria Railroad until September.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Movement to Bridgeport, Ala., September 24-October 3. Duty there and in Lookout Valley until November. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Battle of Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 28–29. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23. Tunnel Hill November 24–25. Missionary Ridge November 25. March to the relief of Knoxville, Tenn., November 27-December 17. Loudoun December 4–5. Duty in Lookout Valley until May 1864. Atlanta Campaign May 1 to September 8. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25. New Hope Church May 25.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 26-June 5. Ackworth June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Last Mountain June 15–17. Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes' Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta September 2-November 15. March to the sea November 15-December 10.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Savannah December 10–21. Carolinas Campaign January to April 1865. Thompson's Creek, near Chesterfield, S.C., March 2. Thompson's Creek, near Cheraw, S.C., March 3. Averysboro, N.C., March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 9–13. Moccasin Swamp April 10. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 20. Grand Review of the Armies May 24.


141st New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 249 men during service; 4 officers and 71 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 172 enlisted men died of disease.


141st New York State Legislature
The 141st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 13, 1918, during the fourth year of Charles S. Whitman's governorship, in Albany.


141st New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (eight districts), Erie County (three districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


141st New York State Legislature, Background
In 1917, the Legislature redistricted the Senate seats, and re-apportioned the number of assemblymen per county. Bronx County—which had been part of New York County at the time of the previous apportionment and occupied roughly the area of four Assembly districts—was properly separated, and was apportioned eight seats. New York County (without the Bronx) lost eight seats; and Erie, Jefferson and Ulster counties lost one seat each. Queens County gained two seats; and Broome, Nassau, Richmond, Schenectady and Westchester counties gained one seat each.


141st New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Socialist Party and the Prohibition Party also nominated tickets.


141st New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1917, was held on November 6. The three statewide elective offices up for election were carried by the three incumbents: Attorney General Merton E. Lewis and two cross-endorsed judges of the New York Court of Appeals, viz. Democrat Benjamin N. Cardozo and Republican Chester B. McLaughlin. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Attorney General, was: Republicans 697,000; Democrats 542,000; Socialists 169,000 and Prohibition 26,000.


141st New York State Legislature, Elections
Also, a constitutional amendment was adopted by the voters, which gave women the right to vote.


141st New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 2, 1918; and adjourned on April 13.


141st New York State Legislature, Sessions
Thaddeus C. Sweet (R) was re-elected Speaker, with 88 votes against 33 for Charles D. Donohue (D) and 9 for Abraham I. Shiplacoff (S).


141st New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: The senators had been elected to a two-year term in November 1916 under the 1907 apportionment, as stated below. Although the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate districts in 1917, the first senatorial election under the new apportionment occurred in November 1918.


141st New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


141st New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


141st New York State Legislature, State Assembly
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


141st Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 141st Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 141st Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 141st OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


141st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 141st Ohio Infantry was organized in Gallipolis, Ohio, and mustered in May 14, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Anderson L. Jaynes.


141st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment left Ohio for Charleston, West Virginia, May 21. Assigned to garrison duty at Charleston and attached to Reserve Division, Department of West Virginia, until August 25.


141st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 141st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 3, 1864, at Gallipolis.


141st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


141st Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost 6 enlisted men during service; 2 killed by bushwhackers and 4 due to disease.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 141st Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was a volunteer infantry regiment that fought in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment served in the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater and was heavily engaged in the second day of fighting at the Peach Orchard outside of Gettysburg.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment was organized in August 1862, with Henry J. Madill as colonel, Guy H. Watkins as lieutenant colonel, and Israel P. Spalding as major. It was known as the "Bradford Regiment" because most of the men were recruited from that county. It was sent to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where it was organized at Camp Curtin. After a couple of weeks, it was sent to picket the Potomac River in the area of Poolesville, Maryland.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment became part of the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the III Corps. At the Battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment formed part of the force which engaged the Confederate right flank but lost few men. After the battle, the regiment went into winter quarters, but in the spring of 1863 was heavily engaged at the Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1–3, 1863, suffering over 50% casualties.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
At the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863, the unit was detached from the rest of the brigade and sent to the southern part of the Peach Orchard. There, the 141st helped repel the attack of Brigadier General Joseph B. Kershaw's South Carolina Brigade. However, shortly after this the Peach Orchard salient began to collapse. Separated from the rest of its brigade, the regiment never received orders to withdraw and stayed in line of battle near the Peach Orchard.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
Possibly because of the thick battle smoke, the regiment did not fire on the approaching brigade of Brigadier General William Barksdale. The 141st suffered a devastating volley at close range from one of Barksdale's Mississippi regiments, and after a brief resistance withdrew towards Cemetery Ridge with a loss of almost 70% of its members. Of 209 men present for roll-call earlier in the day, 149 were killed, wounded, or missing in action.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
Following the Gettysburg Campaign, the regiment fought in the Bristoe Station Campaign, seeing action at the Battle of Auburn Bridge, one of the final actions fought by the III Corps before its incorporation into the II Corps. The regiment received many replacements over the winter.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
In 1864, the regiment fought in the Battle of the Wilderness (May 6–7, 1864), the Battle of Spotsylvania (May 11–12, 1864), and at the Battle of Petersburg (June 18, 1864). The regiment then took part in the Siege of Petersburg.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The 141st participated in the final campaign of the Army of the Potomac and fought at the Battle of Sayler's Creek on March 25, 1865, and again at the Battle of Farmville (April 6–7, 1865). The 141st was present at the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House. The regiment participated in the Grand Review of the Armies in Washington and was mustered out on May 29, 1865.


141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The casualty information presented above is derived from the History of the One Hundred Forty-First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers compiled by David Craft, the regimental Chaplain, after the war.


141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
The 141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (The Buffs) (141 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the British Army, part of the Royal Armoured Corps, raised during World War II.


141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Origins
141 RAC was raised in November 1941 by the conversion to the armoured role of the 7th Battalion, Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment), a hostilities-only battalion raised in July 1940. The battalion had been assigned to the 209th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), serving alongside the 8th, 9th and 10th battalions of the Buffs. As with all infantry battalions transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, they would have continued to wear their Buffs cap badges on the black beret of the RAC.


141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Origins
The regiment landed on the beaches of Normandy in June 1944 and fought as part of the 79th Armoured Division throughout the Battle of Normandy and the subsequent campaign in Northwest Europe until the end of the war in Europe in May 1945.


141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Publications
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141st Reserve Division (Wehrmacht)
The 141st Reserve Division (Kommandeur der Ersatztruppen I and temporarily the 151st Division and Division Nr. 141), was a German infantry division during World War II .


141st Reserve Division (Wehrmacht), History
The Division was formed on 26 August 1939, as Kommandeur der Ersatztruppen I (Commander of Replacement Troops I) in Insterburg. On 13 November 1939, it was temporarily renamed as the 151st Division and then Division Nr. 141, on 8 December 1939. In September 1940 it was relocated to Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. When the German campaign in the East began, on 15 July 1941, the division was returned to Insterburg, Germany and the Wehrkreis I (Corps Area I). In 1942, Division Nr. 141 was redesigned as the 141st Reserve Division and it kept that name until 19 February 1944, when it was disbanded. Some of its men were transferred to reinforce the 68th Infantry Division.


141st Signal Battalion (United States)
141st Signal Battalion ("The Communicators") was a United States battalion which deployed to install, operate and maintain C4I systems in support of 1st Armored Division operations, major subordinate commands and attached units as required.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
The 141st Signal Battalion dates back to 1 June 1940, when it was activated at Fort Knox, Kentucky, as the 7th Signal Troop (Mechanized). It was later redesignated the 47th Signal Company (Armored), and assigned to the 1st Armored Division.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
On 12 August 1941, the organization's designation was changed to the 141st Armored Signal Company. Detachments of the 141st were in the initial assault waves on the beaches of North Africa as part of Operation Torch in 1942. The 141st supported the 1st Armored Division as it fought its way across the African coast, capturing Oran and cleaning out Tunisia. It was part of the division's spearhead in the Battle of the Kasserine Pass.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
The official history of the United States Army in World War II says of the unit during this period, "This unit was undoubtedly one of the best signal outfits in the Army…. The service provided by this crack unit suggested how effective communications could be in the hands of experienced troops."


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
After the Africa Campaign, the 141st moved to Italy, landing at Salerno. It fought as part of the 1st Armored Division at Anzio, Rome and Naples; participated in the campaign of the Italian Mountains, and was with the division when it captured Milan.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
The battalion colors carry campaign streamers from World War II for Tunisia, Anzio, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, Po Valley and North Apennines. After World War II, in February 1946, the 1st Armored Division and the 141st redeployed to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, where it was inactivated on 26 April 1946.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
During the Korean War, the unit was reactivated in March 1951 at Fort Hood, Texas, but did not deploy. In February 1957, the 141st Signal Company was reorganized as a battalion but was shortly deactivated again in December 1957.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
Its current active status dates from February 1960. In August 1971, the 141st Signal Battalion began deployment to Ansbach, Germany, where it began its current history as a forward-deployed European-based Battalion.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
On 20 December 1990, the 141st Signal Battalion was deployed to Southwest Asia in support of Operation Desert Shield. The battalion provided front line communications to the 1st Armored Division in the fast-moving VII Corps campaign to destroy Iraqi forces during Operation Desert Storm and the liberation of Kuwait. B Company was awarded the Valorous Unit Award.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
Upon redeployment from Southwest Asia, the colors of the 141st Signal Battalion relocated to Bad Kreuznach, Germany, where, on 26 November 1991, they replaced those of the 8th Signal Battalion.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
In December 1995, advance elements of the battalion deployed with the 1st Armored Division to Bosnia and Herzegovina in support of Operation Joint Endeavor.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
In September 1997, the battalion again deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the Stabilization Force (SFOR) deployed in support of Operation Joint Guard. The battalion returned to Bad Kreuznach in June 1998.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
In June 2000, elements of the battalion deployed to Kosovo to support the 1st Armored Division's peace-keeping mission.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
In May 2001, the battalion relocated its headquarters from Bad Kreuznach to Wiesbaden Army Airfield, now Lucius D. Clay Kaserne.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
In May 2003, the battalion was deployed as part of 1st AD to OIF 1.


141st Signal Battalion (United States), History
On 1 May 2007 141 Signal Battalion was inactivated. Remnants of the 141st Signal Battalion became the 146th Signal Company under the Special Troops Battalion (STB) of the 1st Armored Division.


141st meridian east
The 141st meridian east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


141st meridian east
The 141st meridian east forms a great circle with the 39th meridian west.


141st meridian east, As a border
On the island of New Guinea, the meridian defines part of the land border between Indonesia on the west and Papua New Guinea on the east. The Fly River forms the border where it flows west of the 141st meridian. South of the Fly, the border runs slightly to the east of, and parallel to, the meridian (see Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border).


141st meridian east, As a border
In Australia, it forms the eastern boundary of the state of South Australia, bordering Queensland and New South Wales. The border between South Australia and Victoria was originally proclaimed to be exactly on the 141st meridian, but measurement errors resulted in the present border being about 3.6 km (2.2 mi) west of this line at 140°57'45" (see South Australia–Victoria border dispute).


141st meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 141st meridian east passes through:


141st meridian west
The meridian 141° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


141st meridian west
The 141st meridian west forms a great circle with the 39th meridian east.


141st meridian west
Part of the border between the United States (Alaska) and Canada (Yukon) is defined by the meridian.


141st meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 141st meridian west passes through:


142 (number)
142 (one hundred [and] forty-two) is the natural number following 141 and preceding 143.


142 (number), In mathematics
There is no answer to the equation φ(x) = 142, making 142 a nontotient. There are 142 planar graphs with 6 unlabeled vertices.


142 (number), In mathematics
1421231−1141{\displaystyle {\frac {142^{1231}-1}{141}}} is the smallest repunit prime in base 142, it has 2648 digits, while the smallest repunit prime in negative base -142 is only 20023. Besides, the smallest Fermat prime in base 142 is 406586897, and the smallest Wieferich prime in base 142 is 143111.


142 BC
Year 142 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calvus and Servilianus (or, less frequently, year 612 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 142 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


142 Foregate Street, Chester
142 Foregate Street is a building on the south side of Foregate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.


142 Foregate Street, Chester, History
It was built in 1884 for Chester City Council as a police station for the Cheshire County Constabulary, and was designed by the local architect John Douglas. It was used as the police headquarters until 1967 when a new building for the purpose was constructed on a different site. In the early 2000s it was being used as an occupational health unit for Cheshire County Council.


142 Foregate Street, Chester, Architecture
The building is constructed in red Ruabon brick with stone bands and terracotta and stone dressings, and a grey slate roof. It has three storeys plus an attic. On the ground floor two steps lead to an arched doorway. To the left of this are three arched sash windows and to the right is a casement window. The middle and top storeys contain six two-light mullioned and transomed windows in pairs. The gable is stepped and contains a row of six windows, over which are two more windows. Between these is the date 1884 in brick moulding. In the apex of the gable is the cartouche of the police force. Douglas' biographer Edward Hubbard considered that the frontage of this building was "more specifically Flemish in design than any other of Douglas' buildings".


142 Polana
Polana (minor planet designation: 142 Polana) is a very dark asteroid from the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on January 28, 1875, and named after the city of Pola (now Pula, Croatia), home of the Austrian Naval Observatory where he made the discovery.


142 Polana
It is a major member of the eponymously named Polana family, which is a subgroup of the Nysa family. The asteroid has an estimated diameter of about 55.3 km and a low albedo of 0.045. It is  orbiting at a distance of 2.419 times the separation of the Earth from the Sun, with an orbital period of 3.76 years and an eccentricity of 0.14.


142 Polana
In the Tholen classification scheme, Polana is a primitive carbonaceous asteroid of type F, which is a subdivision of more common C-type. Under the SMASS classification taxonomy, Polana is listed as a B-type asteroid; a group that combines both the Tholen B and F types. The spectrum of this object suggests the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4), which gives it the spectrally blue coloration that is a characteristic of this SMASS class.


142 Polana, Mars resonance
Polana is in a 1:2 orbital resonance with Mars, meaning that Polana orbits the Sun once for every two orbits that Mars completes. This resonance helps protect the asteroid from orbital erosion: the orbital eccentricities of the resonant asteroids are clearly greater than the non-resonant asteroids. There is a peak in the number of asteroids located at 2.419 AU from the Sun. In spite of strong perturbations caused by the passing of both Jupiter and Mars, the 1:2 Mars resonance brings about stability for billions of years. There are up to 1,500 asteroids in this resonance, and the resonance between Polana and Mars will strengthen over the next million years due to Polana transitioning into a strong libration period with Mars.


142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 142 Squadron "Gryphon" of the Republic of Singapore Air Force is a fighter-bomber squadron based at Paya Lebar Air Base, the squadron goes by the motto "Honour and Glory" with the Gryphon adopted as its mascot. According to IHS Janes, it is the second Singapore-based F-15SG Squadron.


142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, History
Formerly based in Tengah Air Base, 142 SQN was RSAF's first A-4 squadron and also the last to fly the upgraded A-4SU Super Skyhawk in 2005. 142 SQN was RSAF Operational Conversion Unit (OCU) for the A-4 as well as serving air to ground attack roles. The unit shares a similar motto to the Singapore Armed Forces Commando Formation. The squadron was disbanded after the retirement of A-4SUs in RSAF fleet and it was stood up again in 2016 as the fleet size of F-15SGs grew.


142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, History
Currently, 142 Squadron is based at Paya Lebar Air Base as the second squadron operating F-15SG Strike Eagles, alongside the current 149 Squadron which is also based there.


142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Information
The tail is adorned with a beige checkered tailband. The squadron's logo is centered with the serial number on the base of the tail.


142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Achievements
The unit clinched the Best fighter squadron once in 2001 when it was operating the A4SUs and in 2019.


142,857
142857, the six repeating digits of 1/7 (0.142857), is the best-known cyclic number in base 10. If it is multiplied by 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, the answer will be a cyclic permutation of itself, and will correspond to the repeating digits of 2/7, 3/7, 4/7, 5/7, or 6/7 respectively.


142,857
142,857 is a Kaprekar number and a Harshad number (in base 10).


142,857, Calculation
If multiplying by an integer greater than 7, there is a simple process to get to a cyclic permutation of 142857. By adding the rightmost six digits (ones through hundred thousands) to the remaining digits and repeating this process until only six digits are left, it will result in a cyclic permutation of 142857:


142,857, Calculation
Multiplying by a multiple of 7 will result in 999999 through this process:


142,857, Calculation
If you square the last three digits and subtract the square of the first three digits, you also get back a cyclic permutation of the number.


142,857, Calculation
It is the repeating part in the decimal expansion of the rational number 1/7 = 0.142857. Thus, multiples of 1/7 are simply repeated copies of the corresponding multiples of 142857:


142,857, 1/7 as an infinite sum
There is an interesting pattern of doubling, shifting and addition that gives 1/7.


142,857, 1/7 as an infinite sum
Each term is double the prior term shifted two places to the right. This is can be proved by applying the identity for the sum of a geometric sequence:


142,857, Other bases
In some other bases, six-digit numbers with similar properties exist, given by base6 − 1/7. For example, in base 12 it is 186A35 and base 24 3A6KDH.


142,857, Connection to the enneagram
The 142857 number sequence is used in the enneagram figure, a symbol of the Gurdjieff Work used to explain and visualize the dynamics of the interaction between the two great laws of the Universe (according to G. I. Gurdjieff), the Law of Three and the Law of Seven. The movement of the numbers of 142857 divided by 1/7, 2/7. etc., and the subsequent movement of the enneagram, are portrayed in Gurdjieff's sacred dances known as the movements.


142,857, Other properties
The 142857 number sequence is also found in several decimals in which the denominator has a factor of 7. In the examples below, the numerators are all 1, however there are instances where it does not have to be, such as 2/7 (0.285714).


142,857, Other properties
For example, consider the fractions and equivalent decimal values listed below:


142,857, Other properties
The above decimals follow the 142857 rotational sequence. There are fractions in which the denominator has a factor of 7, such as 1/21 and 1/42, that do not follow this sequence and have other values in their decimal digits.


1420
Year 1420 (MCDXX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1420 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1420 kHz: 1420 AM is a Regional broadcast frequency.


1420 Caldera earthquake
The 1420 Caldera earthquake shook the southern portion of Atacama Desert on September 1 and caused tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and the towns of  Japan. The earthquake is thought to have had a size of 8.8–9.4 Mw. Historical records of the tsunami exist for the Japanese harbours of Kawarago and Aiga where confused residents saw the water recede in the morning of September 1, without any sign of an earthquake. In Chile landslides occurred in the coast as well.


1420s
The 1420s decade ran from January 1, 1420, to December 31, 1429.


1420s BC
The 1420s BC is a decade which lasted from 1429 BC to 1420 BC.


1420s in England, Incumbents
Monarch – Henry V (to 31 August 1422), Henry VI


1420s in art
The decade of the 1420s in art involved some significant events.


1420s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1420s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1420s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1421
Year 1421 (MCDXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1421 Esperanto
1421 Esperanto, provisional designation 1936 FQ, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory in Turku, southwest Finland. The presumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of nearly 22 hours. It was named for the artificial language Esperanto.


1421 Esperanto, Orbit and classification
Esperanto has been determined a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population by means of modern HCM-analysis, after it had previously been grouped to the Eos family by Zappalà in the 1990s.


1421 Esperanto, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,983 days; semi-major axis of 3.09 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1906 UD at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1906, almost 30 years prior to its official discovery observation at Turku.


1421 Esperanto, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discoverer after the artificial language, Esperanto, which was created by inventor and writer, Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (1859–1917), who used the pseudonym "Doktoro Esperanto". The discoverer also named another asteroid, 1462 Zamenhof, directly after the inventor. Both asteroids are considered to be the most remote Zamenhof-Esperanto objects. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in January 1956 (M.P.C. 1350).


1421 Esperanto, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In March 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Esperanto was obtained from photometric observations by Andrea Ferrero at the Bigmuskie Observatory (B88) in northern Italy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 21.982±0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=3-).


1421 Esperanto, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Esperanto measures between 43.3 and 64.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.098.


1421 Esperanto, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0714 and a diameter of 43.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3.


1422
Year 1422 (MCDXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1422 Strömgrenia
1422 Strömgrenia, provisional designation 1936 QF, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 August 1936, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after Swedish-Danish astronomer Svante Elis Strömgren.


1422 Strömgrenia, Classification and orbit
Strömgrenia is a member of the Flora family, a large group of stony asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,230 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1933 WB at Uccle Observatory in 1933. The body's observation arc however begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1936.


1422 Strömgrenia, Lightcurves
Two rotational light-curves of Strömgrenia were obtained from photometric observations in the R and S band at the Palomar Transient Factory in April 2009. Light-curve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.5002 and 3.5298 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24 and 0.29 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).