126th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
At the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863, the division remained on the Union left flank near the Rappahannock River. The next day, the regiment was moved to the right flank, where it came under attack. After two hours of fighting and subsequently running out of ammunition, the 126th was forced to retreat to the protection of artillery. Its losses were 9 killed, 49 wounded, and 11 captured. Rowe was among those wounded.


126th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
Shortly afterwards, the regiment was ordered back to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where it was mustered out on May 20, 1863.


126th Regiment of Foot
The 126th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, created in 1794 and disbanded in 1796. It was raised under the colonelcy of Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Mountnorris, 8th Viscount Valentia.


126th meridian east
The meridian 126° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


126th meridian east
The 126th meridian east forms a great circle with the 54th meridian west.


126th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 126th meridian east passes through:


126th meridian west
The meridian 126° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


126th meridian west
The 126th meridian west forms a great circle with the 54th meridian east.


126th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 126th meridian west passes through:


127 (band)
127 (Persian: ١٢٧) is an Iranian five piece band – guitar, piano, trombone, bass and drums – with roots in Iranian melodies and jazz with an alternative sound.


127 (band)
Members include Sohrab Mohebbi (guitar/vocals), Sardar Sarmast (piano), Salmak Khaledi (trombone), Alireza Pourassad (bass), Yayha Alkhansa (drums) and Shervin Shahamipour (back vocals, setar).


127 (number)
127 (one hundred [and] twenty-seven) is the natural number following 126 and preceding 128. It is also a prime number.


127 BC
Year 127 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ravilla and Cinna (or, less frequently, year 627 Ab urbe condita) and the Second Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 127 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


127 Corridor Sale
The Highway 127 Corridor Sale, also called the 127 Yard Sale, is an outdoor second-hand sale held annually for four days beginning the first Thursday in August along U.S. Route 127 (US 127). The event has been promoted as "The World's Longest Yard Sale."


127 Corridor Sale, History
The original idea came from Fentress County, Tennessee, county executive Mike Walker, and was established in 1987. When it began, the sale route followed US 127 from Covington, Kentucky, to Chattanooga, Tennessee. A few years after the event was established, the Lookout Mountain Parkway was added to the route, extending it from Chattanooga southward through northwestern Georgia and northeastern Alabama to Gadsden. In 2006, the route was extended northward from Covington, through Ohio to the Michigan border, making its last major stops around Bryan, Ohio, and points northward. In 2010, the sale was extended northward to Hudson, Michigan. In 2012, it was extended again to five miles (8.0 km) north of Addison, Michigan, totaling an approximate end-to-end distance of 690 miles (1,110 km).


127 Corridor Sale, History, Southern extension of the yard sale route
The Lookout Mountain Parkway extension of the yard sale route through Alabama and Georgia include the roadways listed below. In DeKalb County, Alabama:


127 Corridor Sale, History, Southern extension of the yard sale route
Downtown Chattanooga is the only area along the yard sale route that is not participating in the yard sale due to high volume of traffic. Bargain hunters/travelers looking to continue shopping are to use I-124/US 27 north to exit at the Signal Mountain Road exit, where US 127 begins.


127 Hours
127 Hours is a 2010 biographical survival drama film co-written, produced and directed by Danny Boyle. The film stars James Franco, Kate Mara, Amber Tamblyn and Clémence Poésy. In the film, canyoneer Aron Ralston must find a way to escape after he gets trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Bluejohn Canyon, southeastern Utah, in April 2003. It is a British and American venture produced by Pathé, Everest Entertainment, Film4 Productions, HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films.


127 Hours
The film, based on Ralston's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place (2004), was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy, co-produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson, and scored by A. R. Rahman. Beaufoy, Colson, and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire (2008). 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences and grossed $60 million worldwide. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture.


127 Hours
The film's title refers to the period of non-stop activity from when Ralston was stranded in Blue John Canyon once his arm was trapped underneath a boulder, to when he was rescued and resuscitated.


127 Hours, Plot
In April 2003, avid mountaineer Aron Ralston goes hiking at Utah's Canyonlands National Park without telling anyone, which is a very unwise decision. He befriends hikers Kristi and Megan, and shows them an underground pool before they head home. After that, Aron continues on through a slot canyon in Bluejohn Canyon. While climbing, he loses grip and falls, knocking a boulder which traps his right arm against the wall. Aron attempts to move the boulder but it won't budge; he also soon realizes he is alone.


127 Hours, Plot
He shortly begins recording a video diary using his camcorder to maintain morale, as he chips away parts of the boulder with a pocket knife. Over the next five days, Aron rations his food and remaining 150ml of water, struggles to keep warm at night, and is forced to drink his urine when his water runs out. He also sets up a pulley using his climbing rope in a futile attempt to lift the boulder.


127 Hours, Plot
Throughout the days, Aron becomes desperate and depressed, and begins hallucinating about escape, relationships, and past experiences including his family and his former girlfriend, Rana. During one hallucination, Aron realizes that his mistake was that he did not tell anyone where he was going or for how long, and decides that destiny has trapped him with the boulder. On the sixth day, Aron has a vision of his future son, spurring his will to survive. He fashions a tourniquet from CamelBak tube insulation and uses a carabiner to tighten it.


127 Hours, Plot
Then, using his knowledge of torque, he breaks the bones in his arm and, using the multi-tool, slowly amputates it. Aron then wraps the stump to prevent exsanguination, and takes a picture of the boulder before rappelling down a 65 ft (20 m) rockface. He then finds some rain water collected while descending down, and drinks the stagnant water due to dehydration and continues. Back in the desert, he spots a family on a hike and calls for help. They give him water and alert the authorities; a Utah Highway Patrol helicopter brings him to a hospital.


127 Hours, Plot
During the end credits, it is revealed that years later, Aron got married and had a son (as seen in his vision). He also continues climbing, and always leaves a note telling his family where he has gone.


127 Hours, Cast
Ralston himself, his wife, and his son make cameo appearances at the end of the film.


127 Hours, Authenticity
The scenes early in the film of Ralston's encounter with the two hikers were altered to portray Ralston showing them a hidden pool, when in reality he just showed them some basic climbing moves. Despite these changes, with which he was initially uncomfortable, Ralston says the rest of the film is "so factually accurate it is as close to a documentary as you can get and still be a drama."


127 Hours, Authenticity
Other changes from the book include omissions of descriptions of Ralston's efforts after freeing himself: his bike was chained to itself, not to the tree as depicted at the beginning of the movie; he had to decide where to seek the fastest medical attention; he took a photo of himself at the small brown pool from which he really did drink; he had his first bowel movement of the week; he abandoned many of the items he had kept throughout his confinement; he got lost in a side canyon; and he met a family from the Netherlands (not an American family), Eric, Monique, and Andy Meijer, who already knew that he was probably lost in the area, thanks to the searches of his parents and the authorities. (The actor who plays Eric Meijer, Pieter Jan Brugge, is Dutch.)


127 Hours, Authenticity
Franco is never shown uttering even an "Ow"; Ralston wrote that this is accurate. Ralston did send Monique and Andy to run ahead to get help, and Ralston did walk seven miles before the helicopter came, although this trek is shown in the film's alternative ending.


127 Hours, Production
Danny Boyle had been wanting to make a film about Ralston's ordeal for four years; he wrote a film treatment and Simon Beaufoy wrote the screenplay. Boyle describes 127 Hours as "an action movie with a guy who can't move." He also expressed an interest for a more intimate film than his previous film, Slumdog Millionaire (2008): "I remember thinking, I must do a film where I follow an actor the way Darren Aronofsky did with The Wrestler. So 127 Hours is my version of that."


127 Hours, Production
Boyle and Fox Searchlight announced plans to create 127 Hours in November 2009. Cillian Murphy was reportedly approached by Boyle to play Ralston. In January 2010, James Franco was cast as Ralston. In March 2010, filming began in Utah; Boyle intended to shoot the first part of the film with no dialogue. By 17 June 2010, the film was in post-production.


127 Hours, Production
Boyle made the very unusual move of hiring two cinematographers to work first unit, Anthony Dod Mantle and Enrique Chediak, each of whom shot 50 percent of the film by trading off with each other. This allowed Boyle and Franco to work long days without wearing out the crew.


127 Hours, Production
Boyle enlisted makeup effects designer Tony Gardner and his effects company, Alterian, Inc., to re-create the character's amputation of his own arm. Boyle stressed that the realism of the arm as well as the process itself were key to the audience's investing in the character's experience, and that the makeup effects' success would impact the film's success. The false arm rigs were created in layers, from fiberglass and steel bone, through silicone and fibrous muscle and tendon, to functional veins and arteries, and finally skinned with a translucent silicone layer of skin with a thin layer of subcutaneous silicone fat.


127 Hours, Production
Gardner states that the effects work was extremely stressful, as he wanted to do justice to the story; he credits James Franco equally with the success of the effects work. Three prosthetics were used in all, with two designed to show the innards of the arm and another to emulate the outside of it. Franco would later note that seeing blood on the arm was difficult for him and his reactions in those scenes were genuine.


127 Hours, Production
Franco admitted that shooting the film was physically hard on him: "There was a lot of physical pain, and Danny knew that it was going to cause a lot of pain. And I asked him after we did the movie, 'How did you know how far you could push it?' ... I had plenty of scars...Not only am I feeling physical pain, but I'm getting exhausted. It became less of a façade I put on and more of an experience that I went through."


127 Hours, Release
127 Hours was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on 12 September 2010, following its premiere at the 2010 Telluride Film Festival. The film was selected to close the 2010 London Film Festival on 28 October 2010. It was given a limited release in the United States by Fox Searchlight Pictures on 5 November 2010. It was released in the United Kingdom by Pathé's then-theaterical distributor Warner Bros. Entertainment UK on 7 January 2011, and in India on 26 January 2011.


127 Hours, Release
There were many published reports (not all confirmed) that the trailer and film made audience members ill. The Huffington Post, in November 2010, wrote that it "has gotten audiences fainting, vomiting and worse in numbers unseen since The Exorcist – and the movie has not even hit theaters yet." During the screenings at Telluride Film Festival, two people required medical attention. At the first screening, an audience member became lightheaded and was taken out of the screening on a gurney. During a subsequent screening, another viewer suffered a panic attack. Similar reactions were reported at the Toronto International Film Festival and a special screening hosted by Pixar and Lee Unkrich, director of Toy Story 3 (2010) and Coco (2017). The website Movieline published "Armed and Dangerous: A Comprehensive Timeline of Everyone Who's Fainted (Or Worse) at 127 Hours."


127 Hours, Release, Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film currently has an approval rating of 93% based on 238 critic reviews, with an average rating of 8.30/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "As gut-wrenching as it is inspirational, 127 Hours unites one of Danny Boyle's most beautifully exuberant directorial efforts with a terrific performance from James Franco." On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has an average score of 82 out of 100, based on 38 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".


127 Hours, Release, Critical response
Writing for DVD Talk, Casey Burchby concluded that "127 Hours will stay with you not necessarily as a story of survival, but as a story of a harrowing interior experience". Richard Roeper of The Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four stars, said he believed Franco deserved an Oscar nomination for his performance, and called the film "one of the best of the decade." Roger Ebert also awarded the film four stars out of four and wrote that "127 Hours is like an exercise in conquering the unfilmable". Gazelle Emami wrote for The Huffington Post, describing Franco's performance as "mesmerizing" and "incredible."


127 Hours, Release, Accolades
127 Hours was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor, Best Screenplay and Best Original Score.


127 Hours, Release, Accolades
The film was nominated for nine British Academy Film Awards, including Outstanding British Film, Best Direction, Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Best Film Music.


127 Hours, Release, Accolades
The film got six nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score, Best Original Song, and Best Film Editing.


127 Hours, Release, Accolades
It was also nominated for eight Broadcast Film Critics Association, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Song, and Best Sound. Its main theme song "If I Rise" won the Critics Choice award for Best Song.


127 Hours, Release, Accolades
James Franco was awarded Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association.


127 Hours (soundtrack)
127 Hours: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack to Danny Boyle's 2010 film of the same name. It was composed by  Academy Award Winner A. R. Rahman, Boyle's previous collaborator on Slumdog Millionaire. The score, centred on guitar, was recorded mainly in London and was completed in three weeks. The soundtrack was released digitally on 2 November and physically on 22 November, by Interscope Records. The score is briefly orchestral and the song's main theme, "If I Rise" features Rahman playing the Harpejji.


127 Hours (soundtrack)
The soundtrack album includes original score and the theme song composed by Rahman, the tracks "Never Hear Surf Music Again" by Free Blood, "Lovely Day" by Bill Withers, Frédéric Chopin's Nocturne No.2 in E flat, Op.9 No.2, "Ça plane pour moi" by Plastic Bertrand, "If You Love Me" by Esther Phillips, and "Festival" by Sigur Rós. The original theme song of the film, "If I Rise", is written by A. R. Rahman (music), Dido and Rollo Armstrong (lyrics) and performed by Dido along with Rahman. It was featured in the climax scene of the film.


127 Hours (soundtrack)
The film's subject Aron Ralston's favourite band, Phish, is mentioned in the film. During production, Boyle asked Ralston how Phish lyrics could be included in the film. Ralston sings lines from the Phish song "Sleeping Monkey" when swimming in one of the early scenes of the movie. But the soundtrack album did not feature this song. Another song "The Funeral" from Band of Horses is not in the soundtrack album, but is used in the end of the trailer.


127 Hours (soundtrack), Development
Rahman collaborated with Danny Boyle for the second time. Their previous association, Slumdog Millionaire was a great critical and commercial success to Rahman, who was described by Time magazine as India's most prominent movie songwriter, in 2005. After the scripting finished, Boyle handed over the script to Rahman, who says when he first got the script and the screenplay, even before the shoot, some kind of sounds came into his mind and he put some stuff down and sent it to Boyle when he was cutting the movie. Rahman wanted the score to feel very much like something the cinematic Ralston might be listening to, a mix of heavily layered acoustic and electric guitars, brightened with digital effects. About the selection of guitar as the major instrument, Rahman says:


127 Hours (soundtrack), Development
"My thing was to have one instrument, one instrument that was very close to this character. He was single, he was very confident and young. So I thought the guitar would be perfect."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Development
Rahman says that he was able to complete the score within a short period of three to four weeks. After completing the score, when asked about the scoring experience and challenges, Rahman said:


127 Hours (soundtrack), Development
"The idea was not to make the music sad or self-pitying at all. The idea was to go to Aron's frame of mind where he was happy and confident. Aron has this energy and charm about him, which inspired the movie. The music could have easily gone into a dark zone where you feel uncomfortable sitting in the movie. Danny loves stuff which drives and has a love for surreal, futuristic sounding things."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Development
"At first, it felt a little bit too harsh, but I went to the computer and went for something meditative rather than harsh. It was a very difficult scene. I had to see it more than 40 times. We started pulling things out of the score. We wanted to make it more human."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
The soundtrack received generally favourable critical reviews. Philip French of The Observer commented that "The music is subtly varied; the soundtrack makes admirable use of silence and natural sound."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
Sarah Kurchak of ChartAttack reviewed the music saying "There's something about the way Danny Boyle uses popular music in his films that's really exciting for anyone who genuinely cares about the medium. Plenty of directors are good with a score, and he's no slouch in that department, but the use of songs is a different beast. In both score and songs, Boyle seems to have an inherent ability to understand the moods and emotions music can inspire in people and uses it to augment his storytelling."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
The soundtrack was rated five out of five in the review by Danny Graydon of Empire magazine.


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
His review reads: "Following their Oscar-winning collaboration on Slumdog Millionaire, A. R. Rahman provides Danny Boyle’s tale of a mountaineer in dire straits with an affecting core of slow-burn, reflective cues that ultimately penetrate in a big way, supported by a typically eclectic array of exterior tracks from the likes of Free Blood, Bill Withers and, most effectively, Sigur Rós. Rahman’s nine cues are anchored on acoustic guitar and generate a suitably meditative tone, augmented by ethnic pipes (Acid Darbari) and ethereal vocals (R. I. P.). Rahman’s collaboration with singer Dido, If I Rise, closes proceedings with a cathartic and quietly optimistic tone which almost prompts a tear."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
Margaret Wappler, in the review published in Los Angeles Times, said that "In his last movie, Slumdog Millionaire, director Danny Boyle showed a sophisticated sense of how music and image can intertwine and intensify each other. With his latest, 127 Hours, he proves his skill again, reenlisting composer A.R. Rahman, who won two Academy Awards for his racing, kinetic score to Boyle's violent fairy tale set in Mumbai, India."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
Daniel Schweiger of Film Music Magazine said that "Danny Boyle and A.R. Rahman are going for a far more interior moment of transcendence, one that tells us the often-awful fight for life is more than worth it- especially in this haunting fever dream that take a filmmaker and musician to new heights while pondering their way out of a man's darkest hours."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
The review published by Christian Clemmensen at Filmtracks commented that "Whether or not you can stomach this film or its equally challenging album, the music serves as even more evidence that the diversity of Rahman's talents can compete favourably in an otherwise arguably stale film scoring environment in the United States."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
Jonathan Broxton of Movie Music UK gave a favourable review and called the score an "unconventional one". He also praised Rahman for his ability to score in multiple genres.


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
Director Shekhar Kapur, after a special screening of the movie, commented through Twitter that "Rahman's score adds depth to Danny Boyle's deft and energetic direction in 127 hours. Rahman certainly deserves another Oscar for 127 hours, Danny Boyle and Rahman are proving to be a great combination."


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
Aron Ralston, on whom the movie is based, praised Rahman for the music and posted a hand-written note on Facebook and Twitter, which reads:


127 Hours (soundtrack), Reception
"For A.R, Thank you for bringing your amazing music to my story – if only I had your soundtrack in the canyon, I could've lasted another 127 hours. Best Wishes, A.R. (Aron Ralston)."


127 Johanna
Johanna (minor planet designation: 127 Johanna) is a large, dark main-belt asteroid that was discovered by French astronomers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry on 5 November 1872, and is believed to be named after Joan of Arc. It is classified as a CX-type asteroid, indicating the spectrum shows properties of both a carbonaceous C-type asteroid and a metallic X-type asteroid.


127 Johanna
A photoelectric study was performed of this minor planet in 1991 at the Konkoly Observatory in Hungary. The resulting light curve showed a synodic rotation period of 6.94 ± 0.29 hours with a brightness variation of 0.2 in magnitude. It was estimated to have an absolute magnitude of 8.459 ± 0.013 with a diameter of 96–118 km and an albedo of 0.06–0.04.


127 Johanna
Infrared observations made in 1982 at Konkoly showed a rapid variation that seemed to suggest a shorter rotation period of 1.5 hours; one of the fastest known at the time. However, an irregular shape was suggested as an alternative cause of the rapid variation. The present day established rotation period of this object is 12.7988 hours.


127 Johanna
During 2001, 127 Johanna was observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 117 ± 21 km. A larger diameter value of 123.41 ± 4.07 km was obtained from the Midcourse Space Experiment observations, with an albedo of 0.0557 ± 0.0039. A 2012 study gave a refined diameter estimate of 116.14 ± 3.93 km.


127 Rose Avenue
127 Rose Avenue is the fifty-first studio album from country music singer Hank Williams, Jr. This album was released June 16, 2009 on Curb Records, his last for the label. It includes the single "Red, White & Pink Slip Blues", which peaked at #43 on the U.S. country singles charts shortly before the album's release. The album title "127 Rose Avenue" is a reference to the boyhood home of Hank  Williams Sr in Georgiana, AL. One of the co-writers Bud McGuire was inspired after a visit to the home, whose actual address is 127 Rose Street. The album debuted at #7 on the Billboard country chart.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 127 Squadron is a helicopter squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force. The squadron goes by the motto of "Strength, Courage, Swiftness", the motto is supported by the squadron motif, a white horse in full battle armour.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
Formed at Sembawang Air Base in 1996, the 127 Squadron consisted of six newly purchased CH-47D initially with another ten CH-47SD Chinooks added to the squadron strength by 1999. The squadron was set up to provide the RSAF with much needed help in the heavylift/support role of troop-lift and equipment transportation. Occasionally, the squadron's Chinooks are used to augment 125 Sqn & 126 Sqn in Search & Rescue (SAR) operations.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
One such incident happened on 18 December 2008 at 1612hrs (Singapore Standard Time), when a multi-role survey vessel of the Royal Navy— HMS Echo, made a call for assistance to the RSAF's Air operation centre (AOC) requesting for emergency evacuation of an unconscious crew. As HMS Echo was then outside the normal operational range of 125 Sqn's SAR Super Pumas, LTC Vincent Chin of AOC decided to launch one of 127 Sqn's Chinook helicopter to undertake the task of long-range medical evacuation (Medevac).


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
Within 45 minutes from the time of activation, the squadron's commanding officer—LTC Low Chung Guan along with co-pilot MAJ Andy Lim and Medical Officer CPT (Dr) Charles Goh was in the air. The unconscious casualty, Leading rating (LH) Cleary, was subsequently airlifted to National University Hospital in Singapore for medical treatment, whereupon he made a full recovery. On 29 December 2008, while docked at Singapore, Commander Gary Brooks of HMS Echo commented that "if LH Cleary had not received medical attention for just another four to six hours, he might not have survived. "; Commander Brooks then thanked the RSAF and 127 Sqn for their prompt response and professionalism demonstrated during this medical emergency.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
During Singapore's annual National Day Parade, the Chinooks of 127 Sqn have flown the national flag over the parade venue since 2000.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history, Training detachment
From 1996 until 2018, the squadron maintained a training detachment (Peace Prairie CH-47 Training) at Redmond Taylor AHP in (Grand Prairie, Texas) with six CH-47Ds.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history, Training detachment
In June 2018, the entire detachment was relocated to Oakey Army Aviation Centre in Queensland, Australia following a decision by the Singaporean Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) to consolidate and enhance the training process between the RSAF and the Singapore Army in Shoalwater Bay training area.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history, Replacement
On 7 November 2016, a press release by MINDEF was issued after a decision was made to acquire ten new build CH-47Fs to replace the six older D-models which has been in service since 1996. Concurrently, the ten CH-47SDs were to undergo a modernisation process to bring them up to the same standard as the CH-47Fs.


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Aircraft operated
127 Sqn's CH-47SD lands aboard USS Rushmore during Exercise CARAT 2001


127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Aircraft operated
Singapore Air Show 2010: A CH-47SD of 127 Sqn on static display


127 film
127 is a roll film format for still photography introduced by Kodak in 1912.


127 film
The film itself is 46 mm wide, placing it between 35 mm and 120 "medium format" films in terms of size. The image format normally used is a square 4 cm × 4 cm. However, rectangular 4 cm × 3 cm and 4 cm × 6 cm are also standard.


127 film
127 enjoyed mainstream popularity until its usage began to decline from the 1960s onwards in the face of newer, cartridge-based films. However, as of 2020 it survives as a niche format and is still in production.


127 film, Technical details
127 is a roll film, 46 mm wide. Frame number markings for the 4×4 and 4×6 image formats are printed on the backing paper, while 4×3 cameras typically have two frame counter windows, exposing the left and right halves of the 4×6 frame.


127 film, Technical details
Using the square format, there are 12 exposures per roll; 4×3 and 4×6 give 16 and 8, respectively.


127 film, Technical details
Less commonly, other frame sizes have been used. For its "Alfax" model (circa 1940), Kimura Kōgaku had 4 cm × 4.5 cm frames, spaced by markings on the wind knob. In addition, the manufacturer C. F. Foth & Co. used an image format of 3.6 cm × 2.4 cm (the same size as is standard for 135) for initial versions of their 127-based "Derby" camera.


127 film, History
The format was introduced by Kodak in 1912, along with the "Vest Pocket Kodak" folding camera, as a compact alternative to larger portable cameras using 120 film. The folding "127s" were in fact smaller than most 35 mm cameras today. The 127 format made a comeback during the 1950s as the format of choice for small inexpensive cameras such as the Brownie and Satellite, and continued in wide use until surpassed by the 126 film and 110 film "Instamatic" cartridges (introduced in 1963 and 1972 respectively), and especially by 35 mm.


127 film, History
127 cameras from that era were often characterized by simple box-like construction. Slides shot on 127 slide film were often preferred over 35 mm for example for sets of slides sold at tourist gift shops, because of the larger photo area (hence the advertised name "Superslides") and completely square dimensions of a 127 slide. The format was part of the ISO 732 standard until it was dropped in the third (1991) edition of that standard.


127 film, Variations
Not all 127 films were labelled as such. After 1913, many Kodak cameras included the Autographic feature, and Kodak's 127 films which had Autographic backing were identified as "A127". Other film manufacturers did not produce Autographic films, for which Kodak held a patent. Other camera manufacturers did make Vest Pocket-format cameras, however, and 127 film at the time was often labeled “Vest Pocket Film”.


127 film, Uses
The format was mainly used for amateur cameras like the Brownie or the Zeiss Ikon Kolibri, with the Exakta SLR, the “Baby” Rolleiflex, the Yashica 44 TLR, the Komaflex-S SLR and the Primo jr as possible exceptions.


127 film, Uses
127 color transparencies can be mounted in standard 2” square slide mounts, and projected in an ordinary 35 mm projector. Because of their much greater area, the projected image is larger and more brilliant than a 35 mm slide, and they are popularly called "Superslides", a name once reserved for 40 × 40 mm slides cut down from 120 film.


127 film, Production
Kodak stopped producing 127 film in July 1995, with all but one manufacturer following suit shortly thereafter. Fotokemika of Samobor, Croatia, continued to make 127 film, which it sold under its own Efke brand, as well as custom-packaged for other sellers, until 2012. Macophoto UP100 and Jessops 200 were made and packaged by Fotokemika. Chromazone 127 film is also sold intermittently on eBay. In September 2006, Bluefire Laboratories of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, began packaging 127 color print film, cutting Kodak or Agfa film to size from bulk rolls, and assembling the rolls of film from their own components.


127 film, Production
In July 2009, Rollei (Maco Photo Products, Hans O. Mahn GmbH & Co. KG) introduced Rollei Retro 80S film, available in 127 format.


127 film, Production
In August 2014, Maco announced that they will be selling black-and-white 127 film under the Rera Pan brand. This film is manufactured in Japan by EZOX Corporation, who are better known for manufacturing agricultural equipment and bicycles.


1270
Year 1270 (MCCLXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1270th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 270th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 13th century, and the 1st year of the 1270s decade.


1270 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1270 kHz: 1270 AM is a Regional broadcast frequency.


1270 Datura
1270 Datura, provisional designation 1930 YE is a stony asteroid and namesake of the young Datura family, located in the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 December 1930, by Belgian–American George Van Biesbroeck at the Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, United States. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.4 hours. It was named after the flowering plant Datura.


1270 Datura, Orbit and classification
Datura is the principal body of the tiny Datura family (411) located within the Flora family region (402), which is one of the largest clans of asteroid families. The Datura family is thought to have recently formed from the collisional destruction of a larger parent body some 450–600 thousand years ago.


1270 Datura, Orbit and classification
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,220 days; semi-major axis of 2.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. In November 1913, Datura was first observed as A913 VB at Winchester Observatory (799) in Massachusetts, United States. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Williams Bay in December 1930.


1270 Datura, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Datura, a genus of poisonous flowering plants. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 116).


1270 Datura, Physical characteristics
Datura's spectrum is similar to that of an old S-type asteroid, thought to consist of silicate rocks covered with regolith with composition known from ordinary chondrite. This is in agreement with the overall spectral type of both the Datura and the encompassing Flora family.


1270 Datura, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In February 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Datura was obtained from photometric observations by Naruhisa Takato using the Subaru telescope on Hawaii. Lightcurve analysis gave a sidereal rotation period of 3.359±0.001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.46 magnitude (U=3). The result is similar to observations by Wisniewski (3.2 h), Vokrouhlický (3.3583 h), and Székely (3.4 h).


1270 Datura, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In 2013, lightcurve modelling by an international study using photometric data from the US Naval Observatory, the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and the Palmer Divide Observatory, gave a concurring rotation period of 3.358100 hours as well as a spin axis of (0°, 59.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β). An improved spin-axis determination by Vokrouhlický gave two poles at (60.0°, 76.0°) and (264.0°, 77.0°), respectively.


1270 Datura, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Datura measures 7.83 and 8.20 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.291 and 0.288, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from 8 Flora, the principal body of the Flora family – and derives a diameter of 8.15 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.61.


1270s
The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279.


1270s BC
The 1270s BC  is a decade which lasted from 1279 BC to 1270 BC.


1270s in England, Incumbents
Monarch – Henry III (to 16 November 1272), Edward I


1270s in art
The decade of the 1270s in art involved some significant events.


1271
Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1271 Avenue of the Americas
1271 Avenue of the Americas  is a 48-story skyscraper on Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), between 50th and 51st Streets, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Designed by architect Wallace Harrison of Harrison, Abramovitz, and Harris, the building was developed between 1956 and 1960 as part of Rockefeller Center. It was originally known as the Time & Life Building for its main tenant, Time Inc., which also published Life magazine.


1271 Avenue of the Americas
1271 Avenue of the Americas contains an eight-story base that partially wraps around the main shaft, as well as a plaza with serpentine pavings and water fountains. The facade consists of glass panels between limestone columns. The lobby contains large murals by Josef Albers and Fritz Glarner and originally also included La Fonda del Sol, a Latin American-themed restaurant. Each of the upper floors measures 28,000 sq ft (2,600 m2) and consists of a column-free space around a mechanical core. The 48th floor originally contained the Hemisphere Club, a members-only restaurant during the day.


1271 Avenue of the Americas
After Time Inc. expressed its intention to move from 1 Rockefeller Plaza in the 1950s, Rockefeller Center's owners proposed the skyscraper to meet the company's needs while retaining it as a tenant. Construction started in May 1957, the building was topped out during November 1958, and occupants began moving into their offices in late 1959. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Time-Life Building's lobby as a city landmark in 2002. Time Inc. moved away in 2014 and the building was renovated between 2015 and 2019.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Site
1271 Avenue of the Americas is on the western side of Sixth Avenue (officially Avenue of the Americas), between 50th and 51st Streets, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The land lot is rectangular and covers 82,340 sq ft (7,650 m2). The site has a frontage of 410 ft (120 m) on 50th and 51st Streets and a frontage of 200 ft (61 m) on Sixth Avenue. Nearby buildings include The Michelangelo to the west, the Axa Equitable Center to the northwest, 75 Rockefeller Plaza to the northeast, Radio City Music Hall to the east, 30 Rockefeller Plaza to the southeast, and 1251 Avenue of the Americas to the south.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Site
Just prior to the development of 1271 Avenue of the Americas, most of the site was occupied by a parking lot, which had previously served as a New York Railways Company trolley barn. There was also a four-story building facing Sixth Avenue and a collection of single-story shops on 50th Street. Rockefeller Center Inc. bought the plots on 50th and 51st Streets in the first week of August 1953, followed by those on Sixth Avenue the next week. One building on the site reportedly cost $2 million after its owner had held out. Rockefeller Center's managers originally wanted to build an extra NBC studio or a Ford vehicle showroom on the site.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design
The building was designed by Harrison & Abramovitz, a firm composed of Wallace Harrison and Max Abramovitz. It was constructed by John Lowry and the George A. Fuller Company. In addition, Syska Hennessy was hired as the mechanical engineer and Edwards & Hjorth was hired as the structural engineer.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design
1271 Avenue of the Americas was planned as a 48-story slab, measuring around 310 by 104 ft (94 by 32 m). The slab is flanked by shorter segments with setbacks at the third and eighth stories. The north and west edges of the tower are flanked by a seven-story section of the base. An auditorium designed by Gio Ponti, with colored triangles, was installed on the eighth-floor setback. The neighboring Roxy Theater was acquired as part of the building's development, allowing the building's floor area to be increased under the limits set by the 1916 Zoning Resolution. Furthermore, a provision under the 1916 Zoning Resolution had allowed structures to rise without setbacks above a given level if all subsequent stories covered no more than 25 percent of the land lot.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Facade
1271 Avenue of the Americas' facade is made mostly of glass, which at the time of the building's construction cost the same as a wall made mostly of limestone. The use of a glass facade permitted a higher degree of flexibility on each story compared to a limestone wall of the same size. Before the current facade design was selected, several alternatives were considered. Time Inc. wanted a flush exterior wall, but this was rejected because exterior columns would protrude into the floor area.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Facade
Another alternative entailed an "accordion wall" with windows that sloped inward toward their tops, juxtaposed with spandrels that sloped outward. The accordion wall, which would have been framed by flat columns, was unfeasible because it reduced floor area, required modifications to drapes and air-conditioning, and was not aesthetically desirable to the architects.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Facade
At ground level, there is a canopy over the 51st Street entrance. The glass curtain wall covers either 450,000 sq ft (42,000 m2) or 626,000 sq ft (58,200 m2) in total. On all stories, the facade includes structural columns with limestone cladding. The limestone columns frame the glass curtain wall and also serve as an architectural allusion to the other buildings at Rockefeller Center. In addition, more than 40,000 ft (12,000 m) of stainless-steel flashing was placed on the facade. The stainless-steel flashing was meant to last for as long as the building existed; on the setbacks at the base, the flashing was buried inside corners along the roof deck.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Facade
The limestone columns are spaced at intervals of 28 ft (8.5 m). There are five vertical bays of windows between each set of limestone columns, each separated by two narrow aluminum mullions flanking the center pane and two larger air-conditioning risers between the outer panes. Originally, each glass pane measured 52 in (1,300 mm) wide and 56 in (1,400 mm) tall. The spandrels between the windows on different stories consist of a 0.25 in-thick (6.4 mm) plate, behind which is a screen made of aluminum mesh.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Facade
Mechanical pipes and ducts, as well as the floor plates, are hidden behind the spandrels. The windows had initially been planned as square panes, but the windowsills were lowered so they were only 2.5 ft (0.76 m) above each floor slab. This also allowed each spandrel to be covered by a standard glass pane. In the late 2010s, new low-emissivity glazed panels with thermal breaks were installed. The new glass panes retain the original width but measure 87 in (2,200 mm) high.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Plaza
The eastern part of the site was planned with a plaza. The plaza measures 170 ft (52 m) long and 83 ft (25 m) wide and is flanked by the eight-story base. The southern part of the site also has a promenade that is about 30 ft (9.1 m) wide. The plaza is paved with serpentine pavers similar to those found on the sidewalks of Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana Beach, a tribute to its location along Avenue of the Americas. Harrison had believed the pavers would bring variety to the building's design. The original pavers, designed by Port Morris Tile & Marble Corporation, were removed in 2001 because they were too slippery; the same company reproduced the pattern in rougher terrazzo. In the late 2010s, the sidewalk pattern was extended from the lot line to the curb line.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Plaza
A seating parapet in the plaza surrounded a pool with four jets, measuring about 110 by 30 ft (33.5 by 9.1 m). Another six pools, measuring 33.5 by 6 ft (10.2 by 1.8 m) each, were placed within the plaza. Each pool had a mat made of lead for waterproofing, which in turn was covered by cement and terrazzo. After the late-2010s renovation, the 50th Street pools were removed and a fountain was installed at the corner of 50th Street and Sixth Avenue.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Plaza
Trees and shrubs were originally also planted on the 50th Street side, while three flagpoles were placed on the section of the plaza facing Sixth Avenue. Also within the plaza is an entrance to the New York City Subway's 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station, serving the B, D, F, <F>, and M trains.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Plaza
In 1972, the Association for a Better New York hired William Crovello to create a sculpture called Cubed Curve. The sculpture was supposedly inspired by a fluid brush stroke. According to The New York Times, the sculpture marked Time Inc.'s "presence at the center of the media universe". It was moved in 2018 to Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, because the building was being renovated.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior
1271 Avenue of the Americas was built with about 1,400,000 sq ft (130,000 m2) of rentable space. According to the New York City Department of City Planning, the building has a gross floor area of 1,962,900 sq ft (182,360 m2). The interior design was contracted to a variety of architects such as Alexander Girard, Gio Ponti, Charles Eames, William Tabler, and George Nelson & Company. Thirty elevators serve the building within the mechanical core.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior
Internally, 1271 Avenue of the Americas was divided into eight zones for air-conditioning. Floors 8, 9, and 16 through 34 were occupied by Time Inc. and contained their own thermostats to accommodate the nonstandard working hours of Time Inc. employees. In conjunction with the building's construction, Rockefeller Center's central air-conditioning system was upgraded in 1957 to provide 6,000 tons of cooling capacity to the building every hour. The cooling systems had to operate all year because Time Inc.'s equipment generated large amounts of heat. The original cooling system was powered by steam, but electric and natural gas cooling systems had been added by 2000. The mechanical spaces are concealed by partial-width windows on the facade.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior
There are three basement stories. The first basement has a passageway leading to Rockefeller Center's underground concourse and the 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station. The two other basements are not accessible to the public and are used for storage, maintenance, and service functions.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
1271 Avenue of the Americas' lobby is surrounded by commercial spaces on all sides; with the superstructure incorporated in the core and exterior, Harrison could design the lobby with more flexibility. Originally, the lobby was proposed to include a covered shopping and exhibit hall on 50th Street and a north–south passage between 50th and 51st Streets. These details were changed significantly in the final plan.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
As built, the lobby has two sets of entrances to the south on 50th Street, one each to the east and west of the core, as well as an entrance to the north on 51st Street, along the east side of the core. The core itself has two west–east passages connected by elevator banks. The more northerly of the east–west passages has stairs and escalators to the second story and the basement. A "breezeway" led east to Sixth Avenue, but this had been closed by 2002. Time Inc.'s reception area was within the lobby behind the fountain.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
The lobby has the same pavement as the plaza outside the building. This pavement consists of white serpentine terrazzo tiles bordered with stainless steel and aligned from west to east. The pavement, installed by the American Mosaic & Tile Company, was meant to relate with the plaza. The walls are largely made of plate-glass windows and white marble panels. Around the core, the walls are made of stainless steel rectangular panels. The steel panels are designed to complement the floor colors and are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The ceiling throughout the lobby is 16 ft (4.9 m) high. The ceiling is made of  dark maroon glass tiles, finished in a matte covering, with white lighting coves in some tiles. Manufactured by American-Saint Gobain Corporation, the glass tiles are suspended from washers at each corner and are designed to be removed for maintenance.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
The lobby walls contain large murals by Josef Albers and Fritz Glarner, both of whom Harrison had known for many years. Glarner's mural, entitled Relational Painting No. 88, measures 40 by 15 ft (12.2 by 4.6 m) and is mounted east of the elevators. It includes overlapping red, yellow, blue, gray, and black geometric shapes on a white background. Albers's mural, entitled Portals, measures 42 by 14 ft (12.8 by 4.3 m) and is mounted west of the elevators.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
Portals includes alternating bands of white and brown glass, which surround a set of bronze and nickel plates in a way that gives the impression of depth. Relational Painting No. 88 was installed in April 1960, while Portals was installed twelve months later. Another artwork by Fortune art director Francis Brennan was installed north of the elevators in January 1965. Brennan's work consists of a relief measuring 13 by 6 ft (4.0 by 1.8 m), which contains all the letters of the alphabet in the Caslon 471 typeface.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
When 1271 Avenue of the Americas opened, there was a Manufacturers Trust bank branch within the northeast corner of the base, next to the lobby. Along the lobby's west side was La Fonda del Sol (the Inn of the Sun), a Latin American-themed restaurant operated by Joseph Baum of Restaurant Associates. The interiors were designed by Alexander Girard and furniture by Charles Eames. La Fonda had an elaborate entry foyer and a set of dining spaces leading to the largest dining room.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Lobby
The dining rooms were decorated with Latin American artifacts, and each of the dining rooms was furnished in vivid colors with at least two hues of fabrics. It closed in 1971 and was replaced with a bank branch. The branch, originally for the Seaman's Bank for Savings, had round steel columns as well as green marble counters with flecks of white. The businesses in the modern lobby include The Capital Grille and Ted's Montana Grill.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Offices
The seven lowest stories each have about 62,000 sq ft (5,800 m2). Each of the upper stories has around 28,000 sq ft (2,600 m2) of space, largely uninterrupted by columns. These were among the largest floor plates of any office building in New York City since World War II. This arrangement was inspired by the PSFS Building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. All stairs and elevators are placed in a service core, leaving the outer section of each floor available for use. This improved the efficiency of each floor by allowing an open plan for the offices. The arrangement of the building allowed high flexibility in planning interior offices. An office module in the building generally measured 48 by 56 in (1.2 by 1.4 m), though these could be combined as necessary.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Offices
The firm Designs for Business was responsible for the design of Time Inc.'s space, which originally spanned 21 stories. Time Inc. had to fit multiple small rooms and cubicles on each of its floors, but the company was largely able to fit these rooms and cubicles within the modular system. Square aluminum posts were installed in Time Inc.'s space, through which partition panels could be installed. The panels themselves were made of a myriad of materials including wood, plastic, burlap, and glass, though they were initially not soundproof. Mockups of the offices were manufactured at Astoria, Queens, as well as in Time Inc.'s earlier headquarters at 1 Rockefeller Plaza. The elevator lobbies on each of Time Inc.'s stories had different decorations. The 28th floor also had a photo gallery where photojournalist Alfred Eisenstaedt worked.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Offices
After Charles Eames designed the chairs for Time Inc.'s offices, he created a new chair design in 1961, which was nicknamed the Time-Life Chair. Eames designed them as a favor to Henry Luce, who had allowed Eames to use photos from the Time-Life archives for the pavilion he designed at the 1959 American National Exhibition in Moscow. The chairs remain in production, though the original design with four legs at the base has been revised to include a fifth leg for stability and to meet updated product codes. In 2015, one original Time-Life Chair cost $6,000, while the five-legged replicas retailed for $3,000 each.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Offices
Other offices in the building originally included the second-story offices of the Gilman Paper Company, designed by SLS‐Environetics and connected to the lobby by an escalator. The vestibule at the top of the escalators had stainless-steel wall and a carpet that extended across the floor and part of the walls. Gilman's reception area had an angular reception desk and lighting fixtures made of stainless steel. Gilman's offices had ceilings measuring 13 feet (4.0 m) tall, with angular furniture, sculpted ducts and lighting elements, exposed structural beams, and a color-coding scheme to distinguish the different departments.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Auditorium
Gio Ponti designed an auditorium at the setback above the eighth floor, along with an adjoining kitchen, dining room, reception area, and lounge. This space was meant for meetings with advertisers and corporate and sales functions. The space was arranged with walls at irregular angles and originally had colored glass-block walls and Sicilian paintings. The auditorium itself had a domed ceiling, while the ceiling in the adjoining spaces contained brass motifs. The floors were yellow with green and blue streaks, and geometric wooden furniture was specially designed for the space. The auditorium was closed by 1981, when the furniture was sold; it was redesigned by Davis, Brody & Associates in 1983.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Hemisphere Club and Tower Suite
The Hemisphere Club and Tower Suite shared a space on the 48th floor and was designed by George Nelson & Company. During the day, the Hemisphere Club was a 250-seat private club for executives that, when the building opened, charged $1,000 for initiation and $360 in annual fees thereafter. This made the Hemisphere Club one of several private clubs at the tops of New York City skyscrapers. In the evenings, the restaurant space opened to the public as the Tower Suite, which originally offered meals for $8.50 per person. The restaurant was operated by Restaurant Associates. George Nelson designed special chairs for the restaurant, which apparently were never manufactured. Since the windows split the view from the 48th floor into many sections, the space was designed with window embrasures.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Hemisphere Club and Tower Suite
The New Yorker reported several years after the Tower Suite's opening that "a butler in a black tailcoat and a maid in a fluffy white apron" visited every table seven days a week. When the restaurant opened, Craig Claiborne of The New York Times called it "for the most part, excellent"; by 1970, New York magazine called it "the baneful cumulus atop Time Inc." According to New York Times food critic Florence Fabricant, the Tower Suite may have originated the trend of servers introducing themselves to guests.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Design, Interior, Hemisphere Club and Tower Suite
When business at the Hemisphere Club declined with the construction of taller buildings in the area, the space was renovated so it could function as a dining hall at night. Dinners at the Tower Suite cost $11.50 per person in 1970, but they had increased to $70–130 per person by 1990. The Hemisphere Club closed in the 1990s.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History
Time Inc. had been housed at 1 Rockefeller Plaza since 1937, when that building had opened as part of the construction of Rockefeller Center. As early as 1946, it had sought to develop the site of the Marguery Hotel at 270 Park Avenue for a 35-story headquarters designed by Harrison & Abramovitz, though the plans did not come to fruition. By 1953, Time Inc. was set to outgrow its existing space in 1 Rockefeller Plaza within a year, and it wanted to have its headquarters in a single building. Time Inc. seriously considered relocating to Westchester County, a northern suburb of New York City, as well as to a suburb of Philadelphia. By November 1955, the company decided to stay in New York City because of the large number of transportation options there.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Construction
Once Rockefeller Center Inc.'s managers learned of Time Inc.'s predicament, they hired Harrison & Abramovitz to create plans for a building on Rockefeller Center Inc's vacant plot that could house both NBC and Time. The plans involved creating several elevation drawings as well as a 15-minute film. NBC ultimately dropped out of the project because its CEO, David Sarnoff, dissented. Rockefeller Center Inc. acquired the Roxy Theater in August 1956. That December, officials announced the construction of the Time-Life Building. When the plans were announced, Time had leased 600,000 sq ft (56,000 m2) in the building, and American Cyanamid, Shell Oil Company, McCann-Erickson, and Esso had already made lease agreements for other floors. The developers had already ordered 27,000 tons of structural steel to be delivered in early 1958.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Construction
Time Inc. and Rockefeller Center formed a joint venture, Rock-Time Inc., to share the tower's rent income; Rockefeller Center had the majority stake of 55 percent and Time Inc. had the remaining 45 percent. Harrison & Abramovitz filed plans for the building in March 1957. A groundbreaking ceremony occurred on May 16, 1957, marking the start of excavation. By the following month, the building was 70 percent leased, and Curtiss-Wright and Westinghouse Electric Corporation had become tenants.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Construction
The Rockefeller Center Sidewalk Superintendents' Club, composed of members of the public who wanted to observe Rockefeller Center's construction, was revived after having been dormant for seventeen years. The actress Marilyn Monroe presided over the club's inaugural ceremonies that July. The excavations involved blasting rock to the layer of Manhattan schist 40 ft (12 m) deep.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Construction
By November 1957, the excavations were largely complete; the Rockefeller Foundation had leased offices and two tenants had expanded their lease commitments. Rockefeller Center Inc. chairman Nelson Rockefeller and Time Inc. president Roy E. Larsen announced details of the design the same month. Construction on the Time-Life Building's superstructure started in April 1958. That August, the Equitable Life Assurance Society loaned the project's developers $50 million. At the time, it was the largest-ever financing on a single real-estate parcel. The structure topped out in November of that year.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Construction
The next April, Time Inc. sublet six of the 21 floors under its control. The building was 92 percent leased by then, including the space that was being sublet. The Time-Life Building's cornerstone was laid in June 1959, at the southeast corner of the building, after the superstructure had been completed.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Late 20th century
The first tenant, the American Cyanamid Company, began moving into the tower in October 1959. Over the next couple of months, tenants began moving into the building and the final interior design elements were installed. By that December, the construction fence around 1271 Avenue of the Americas had been dismantled and several companies had occupied their space. Additional leases were announced in January 1960, including one storefront. A passageway from the basement to the subway station opened the next month. Life magazine moved into the building that April, writing that its new headquarters was "a victory in the fight to improve down-at-the-heels Sixth Avenue". Ultimately, Time Inc. was able to sublet part of its space to more than forty firms. By late 1961, the building was almost completely occupied.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Late 20th century
La Fonda del Sol had moved out of the Time & Life Building to a smaller location by early 1971. The restaurant space was replaced by a Seaman's Trust bank branch. The bank was so popular that, in three weeks, it performed six months' worth of transactions. Although Life magazine shuttered in 1972, the building retained its name and the former Life space was quickly taken by the company's other publications, such as People and Money.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Late 20th century
A U.S. Steakhouse restaurant designed by Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects opened in the building in 1975 and was slightly renovated a few years later. By 1981, Time Inc. occupied about 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m2) of space and some of its divisions, such as HBO, had to be housed in other buildings. The eighth-floor auditorium was renovated in 1983. An electric cooling system was also added in the early 1980s to supplement the original steam-powered cooling system.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Late 20th century
Time Inc. sold its 45 percent ownership stake in December 1986 to the Rockefeller Group, which by then was the majority owner, for $118 million. Time Inc. planned to use some of the proceeds from the sale for other purchases such as stock buybacks. In the same transaction, Time Inc. extended its lease from 1997 to 2007, with an option to extend its lease by another ten years, to 2017. Time Inc. executed its option to extend its lease in 1999.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, Late 20th century
At the time, the company occupied 80 percent of the Time & Life Building and it had rented space at the adjacent 135 West 50th Street. The two buildings were to be connected internally on the second floor as part of a $190 million renovation. A natural-gas cooling system was added in 2000; at the time, it was New York City's only building with three cooling sources.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, 21st century
By August 2001, Time Inc. was part of AOL Time Warner and occupied 98 percent of the building's space. That month, AOL Time Warner subsidiary CNN and the Rockefeller Group agreed to convert a former Chase Manhattan Bank branch at the base into a two-story CNN television studio. In July 2002, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the lobby interior as a city landmark. Municipal Art Society executive director Frank E. Sanchis III prompted Rockefeller Center's owner at the time, the Rockefeller Group, to support the preservation of the lobby.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, 21st century
At the time, the lobby was being renovated by Swanke Hayden Connell Architects for $40 million. The renovation involved combining two storefronts into a waiting lounge, as well as creating a secure area around the elevators. The CNN studio opened in September 2002, with scenic design by Production Design Group. The Ted's Montana Grill restaurant opened in 2006 on the ground level.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, 21st century
In May 2014, Time Inc. announced it was planning to leave the Time & Life Building for the Brookfield Place complex in lower Manhattan. The following year, the Rockefeller Group announced a $325 million renovation for the entire building, designed by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. As part of the renovation, the architects created a new entrance on Sixth Avenue, repaved the plaza, and replaced the facade. The Rockefeller Group also restored the lobby and renamed the building to its address. Time Inc. removed a time capsule that had been embedded in the building since its cornerstone was laid. The building was completely vacated by the beginning of 2018.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, History, 21st century
The renovation was nearly completed by 2019 and was fully leased at that time. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City the following year, the building stood largely empty for months. Following the completion of the renovation, the building received a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification in 2020, and the Greek restaurant Avra Estiatorio leased a space at the base.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Impact
Upon the building's completion, Architectural Forum wrote: "The building's character reflects a joining of partners, a marriage of uses, a meld of design, and a union between New York's two generic office-building types. [ ...] In skyscraper society, the Time & Life Building is upper-middle-class." New York Times critic Ada Louise Huxtable, writing in 1960, said that 1271 Avenue of the Americas, 28 Liberty Street, and 270 Park Avenue all had a "still too-rare esthetic excellence". Huxtable also characterized 1271 Avenue of the Americas' spaces as "flexible architectural anarchy". 1271 Avenue of the Americas' completion spurred the construction of other buildings along Sixth Avenue.


1271 Avenue of the Americas, Impact
1271 Avenue of the Americas has also been shown in works of popular culture. The building was prominent in the television series Mad Men as the fictional headquarters of the advertising agency Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (later Sterling Cooper & Partners). In 2015, AMC, the network on which Mad Men airs, unveiled a bench in front of the building, which features a sculpture of the iconic black silhouette of lead character Don Draper in the show's opening credits. In addition, the 2013 film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty was partially set within the building.


1271 Isergina
1271 Isergina, provisional designation 1931 TN, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 45 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Crimean physician and friend of the discoverer, Pyotr Isergin.


1271 Isergina, Orbit and classification
Isergina is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,039 days; semi-major axis of 3.15 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.


1271 Isergina, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A906 HD at Heidelberg Observatory in April 1906. The body's observation arc begins at Simeiz with its official discovery observation in 1931.


1271 Isergina, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Isergina is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid. It has also been characterized as both an X- and L-type by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


1271 Isergina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
During 2016–2017, three rotational lightcurves of Isergina were obtained from photometric observations (U=3-/3-/2+). Lightcurve analysis of the adopted result gave a rotation period of 7.59932 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.25 and 0.36 magnitude (U=3-).


1271 Isergina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Isergina measures between 39.58 and 52.15 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.031 and 0.08.


1271 Isergina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0677 and a diameter of 44.47 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3.


1271 Isergina, Naming
This minor planet was named after Crimean physician Pyotr Vasilyevich Isergin (1870–1936), a friend of the discoverer who was treated by him. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names learned about the naming circumstances from Crimean astronomers I. I. Neyachenko and Galina Kastel' (see 3982 Kastel'). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 117).


12714 Alkimos
12714 Alkimos /ˈælkɪmɒs/ is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 54 kilometers (34 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 15 April 1991, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark Jovian asteroid has a rotation period of 28.5 hours. It was named from Greek mythology after Alcimus, son of Ares and companion of Achilles.


12714 Alkimos, Orbit and classification
Alkimos is a dark Jovian asteroid in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the leading Greek camp at the Gas Giant's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population.


12714 Alkimos, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.0–5.4 AU once every 12 years (4,370 days; semi-major axis of 5.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation at the La Silla Observatory in February 1990, or 14 months prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.


12714 Alkimos, Physical characteristics
Alkimos is an assumed C-type asteroid, while most larger Jupiter trojans are D-types.


12714 Alkimos, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In January 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Alkimos was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at GMARS (G79) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 28.48±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.27 magnitude (U=3-).


12714 Alkimos, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Japanese Akari satellite and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Alkimos measures between 47.82 and 61.04 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.036 and 0.070. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0431 and a diameter of 61.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.1.


12714 Alkimos, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


12714 Alkimos, Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the hero Alcimus, son of Ares. After Patroclus had died, he and Automedon were the two most favored by Achilles. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 13 October 2000 (M.P.C. 41386).


1272
Year 1272 (MCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1272 Gefion
1272 Gefion, provisional designation 1931 TZ1, is a stony asteroid and parent body of the Gefion family from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named after Gefjon from Norse mythology.


1272 Gefion, Orbit and classification
Gefion is the namesake and parent body of the Gefion family (516), a large family of stony asteroids in the intermediate main belt. The family is also a suspected source of the L chondrites, common group of meteorites.


1272 Gefion, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,697 days; semi-major axis of 2.78 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.


1272 Gefion, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A917 SF at Heidelberg in September 1917. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, six days after its official discovery observation.


1272 Gefion, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Gefion is a Sl-subtype that transitions from the common stony S-type asteroids to the rather rare L-types.


1272 Gefion, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In 2010 and 2011, two rotational lightcurves of Gefion were obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California . Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 2.900 and 3.087 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.22 and 0.20 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).


1272 Gefion, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gefion measures between 6.965 and 7.016 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2489 and 0.252. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and consequently calculates a much larger diameter of 12.62 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.22.


1272 Gefion, Naming
This minor planet was named after Gefjon a goddess in Norse mythology. It is also named for the Gefion Fountain in Copenhagen, Denmark. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 117).


1273
Year 1273 (MCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1273 Imperial election
The imperial election of 1273 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Frankfurt on October 1.


1273 Imperial election, Background
The Holy Roman Empire was in the midst of a period known as the Great Interregnum. In July 1245, the pope Pope Innocent IV had declared the then emperor, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, deposed, opening a split between two factions, the Guelphs and Ghibellines.


1273 Imperial election, Background
The previous King of the Romans, Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, died on April 2, 1272 in Berkhamsted following a stroke he had suffered in December 1271. The seven prince-electors called to Frankfurt were:


1273 Imperial election, Background
However, strictly speaking, Ottokar's marriage with the heiress of the Arch-Pincerna dynasty had already ended in annulment, Ottokar was holding as usurper her duchies the Carantanian territories, duchy of Styria and Austria. King Ottokar II did not arrive. The six electors convened on 29 September and summoned the Bavarian Duke to exercise the Carantanian-Bavarian vote instead of the absent King Ottokar  or anyone else better entitled to it.


1273 Imperial election, Background
There were 4 candidates: the favourites Rudolf, Count of Habsburg and Ottakar II of Bohemia (an elector himself), and lesser candidates Siegfried I, Prince of Anhalt and Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen.


1273 Imperial election, Election and aftermath
Count Rudolf was elected without opposition after Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria's promotion to elector instead Ottakar II. Rudolf's principal voters, Albert II of Saxony and Louis II of Palatinate, were assured by marrying his daughters to the two electors. He was crowned at Aachen Cathedral on October 24.


1273 Imperial election, Election and aftermath
Rudolf was the first member of the House of Habsburg to rule the Holy Roman Empire. The house would occupy the seat continuously from 1438 to 1740 and produce emperors and kings of Bohemia, England, Germany, Hungary, Croatia, Mexico, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities.


1274
Year 1274 (MCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1274 Delportia
1274 Delportia, provisional designation 1932 WC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 November 1932, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in Belgium. It was named after the discoverer himself.


1274 Delportia, Orbit and classification
Delportia is a stony S-type asteroid on the Tholen taxonomic scheme. As a member of the Flora family, one of the largest families of the main belt, it orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,216 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as A918 RA at Heidelberg Observatory in 1918. The body's observation arc begins 6 years prior to its official discovery observation at Uccle, when it was identified as 1926 AA at Heidelberg in 1926.


1274 Delportia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
A rotational light curve of Delportia was obtained by American astronomer Edwin E. Sheridan in March 2007. Light curve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.615 hours with a brightness variation of 0.05 magnitude (U=3), superseding a period of 5.5 hours with an amplitude of 0.09 magnitude obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy in December 2005 (U=2). In February 2010, photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory gave a period of 5.6204 hours and an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (U=2).


1274 Delportia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Delportia measures 9.61 and 12.95 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.46 and 0.20, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 12.85 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 11.82.


1274 Delportia, Naming
Based on a suggestion by Gustav Stracke, this minor planet was named for its discoverer, Eugène Delporte (1882–1955), prolific discoverer of minor planets, astronomer and director at the discovering Uccle Observatory during 1936–1947. The lunar crater Delporte is also named in his honor. The official naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 117).


1275
Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1275 British earthquake
On 11 September 1275, an earthquake struck the south of Great Britain. The epicentre is unknown, although it may have been in the Portsmouth/Chichester area on the south coast of England or in Glamorgan, Wales. The earthquake is known for causing the destruction of St Michael's Church on Glastonbury Tor in Somerset.


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake
The annals of Waverley report that the earthquake occurred "between the first hour of the day and the third" on 11 September 1275. It was felt in London, Canterbury, Winchester and Wales, and may have been felt across the rest of England. One account described how it was felt "chiefly in the west". Neither foreshocks nor aftershocks are reported as having occurred.


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake caused the destruction of the 11th-century timber Church of St Michael atop Glastonbury Tor. It is likely that other buildings across the country were destroyed, and the annals of Osney reported that people were killed in the earthquake—"domus et ecclesiae in diversis locis Angliae subvertebantur et homines interficiebantur" ("homes and churches in different areas of England [were] overthrow[n]; the people being killed").


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake
The annals of Winchester state that the tremors were felt across the sea, which may imply it was felt in France, although the lack of corroboration from French sources may suggest this is a confusion with a different event. One account described how "a great earthquake happened in many kingdoms, and chiefly in England, and floods of water also about maritime towns". Similarly, Walter de Hemingburgh observed that "there was a general earthquake in London and in the kingdom of England, both in camps and towns, habitations and fields". It is possible that the coastal effects of the earthquake are better attributed to unrelated inclement weather, as the word "earthquake" may have archaically referred to thunder.


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake
The British Geological Survey hypothesises that the extent and spread of damage suggests an intensity of at least 7 on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale ("very strong"), or 8 on the European macroseismic scale ("heavily damaging").


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake, Epicentre
The epicentre of the earthquake is unknown. Despite contemporary reports that assume the damage at Glastonbury Tor prove a Somerset epicentre, it is unlikely that the epicentre was in the county, and the destruction of the church is more likely attributed to the church's exposed position atop a steep and narrow hill. A possible location is in the area of Portsmouth and Chichester. This area is notable for frequency of earthquakes due to the presence of a deep north-south strike-slip fault. This hypothesis is strengthened by the report of Thomas Wykes, who wrote that the shock was more intense on the south coast.


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake, Epicentre
A possible alternative epicentre is in South Wales. Edward Gamage, the rector in St Athan, Glamorgan, described an earthquake causing immense damage to Glamorgan and Somerset. Gamage, an antiquarian in the 18th century, wrote a history of the Strandling family of Bristol where he described the earthquake as occurring in the time of Sir John Strandling, which is probably the same as the 1275 event. This suggests an epicentre closer to Swansea and implies an intensity of 6 Mw.


1275 British earthquake, Earthquake, Epicentre
Some sources cite the earthquake as being a Cornish or French event, mistaking a reference to the destruction at "St Michael on the Mount" (the church on Glastonbury Tor) for occurring at St Michael's Mount or Mont-Saint-Michel. The annals of Waverley refer to an earthquake affecting the whole country and destroying the church called "St Michael of [the] Mount", although no specific mention of the location of the church is made.


1275 Cimbria
1275 Cimbria (prov. designation: 1932 WG) is a Eunomia asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southern Germany. The asteroid was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Germanic tribe.


1275 Cimbria, Orbit and classification
Cimbria is a member of the Eunomia family (502), a prominent family of typically stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.


1275 Cimbria, Orbit and classification
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,603 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as A914 TG at Simeiz Observatory in October 1914. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1932.


1275 Cimbria, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Proto-Germanic tribe that fought the Romans together with the Teutons and the Ambrones. At first victorious, they were destroyed by Gaius Marius in the Cimbrian War (113–101 BC). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 117).


1275 Cimbria, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Cimbria is an X-type asteroid, rather than a stony S-type asteroid, which is the overall spectral type for members of the Eunomia family.


1275 Cimbria, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In November and December 2002, two rotational lightcurves of Cimbria were obtained from photometric observations by Italian amateur astronomers Silvano Casulli, Antonio Vagnozzi, Marco Cristofanelli and Marco Paiella. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.65 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 and 0.57 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3-). In December 2012, astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California measured a period of 5.655 hours and an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (U=2).


1275 Cimbria, Physical characteristics, Poles
The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database. It gave a concurring period of 5.65454 hours and determined two spin axis of (85.0°, −61.0°) and (271.0°, −31.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1275 Cimbria, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Cimbria measures between 18.70 and 33.599 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0807 and 0.25.


1275 Cimbria, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.1109 and a diameter of 28.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.72.


1276
Year 1276 (MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1276 Ucclia
1276 Ucclia (prov. designation: 1933 BA) is a carbonaceous Alauda asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 31 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 January 1933 by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. Two nights later, the body was independently discovered by Richard Schorr at Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg, Germany. It was named for the Belgium city of Uccle and its discovering observatory.


1276 Ucclia, Orbit and classification
Ucclia is a member of the Alauda family (902), a large family of typically bright carbonaceous asteroids and named after its parent body, 702 Alauda. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,069 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken prior to its discovery.


1276 Ucclia, Naming
This minor planet was named after Uccle, in honor of both, the city and the discovering observatory (H 117).


1276 Ucclia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
A rotational lightcurve of Ucclia was obtained from photometric observations by Italian and French astronomers Silvano Casulli, Federico Manzini and Pierre Antonini in March 2007. It showed a well-defined rotation period of 4.90768 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 in magnitude (U=3). In June 2008, a second light-curve by Slovak astronomer Adrián Galád at Modra Observatory, gave a concurring period of 4.9073 hours with an amplitude of 0.29 in magnitude (U=3-).


1276 Ucclia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Ucclia measures between 30.1 and 40.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.14. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.08 and a diameter of 30.3 kilometers.


1277
Year 1277 (MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1277 Dolores
1277 Dolores (prov. designation: 1933 HA) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 1933, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Spanish communist Dolores Ibárruri.


1277 Dolores, Orbit and classification
Dolores is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the central main belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,621 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first identified as 1925 SE at Simeiz Observatory in September 1925. The body's observation arc begins at Yerkes Observatory (or Simeiz) in June 1933, approximately 2 months after its official discovery observation.


1277 Dolores, Naming
This minor planet was named after Spanish communists Dolores Ibárruri (1895–1989). Known as "La Pasionária" (Passionflower), she co-founded the communist party in Spain in 1920, and lead the party while in exile. Dolores Ibárruri returned to Spain in 1977, and became a member of the parliament. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 117).


1277 Dolores, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Dolores is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while in the SMASS classification, it is classified as a Cb-subtype, that transitions to the brighter B-type asteroids. It has also been characterized as a C-type by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


1277 Dolores, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In July 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Dolores was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 17.19 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.45 magnitude (U=3), indicative of a somewhat elongated shape.


1277 Dolores, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Dolores measures between 23.72 and 32.59 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.063 and 0.095. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the result obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0879 and a diameter of 27.64 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.05.


1277 papal election
The 1277 papal election (May 30 – November 25), convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals). Because John XXI had revoked Ubi periculum, the papal bull of Pope Gregory X establishing the papal conclave, with his own bull Licet felicis recordationis, the cardinal electors were able to take their time. After six months of deliberation, the cardinals eventually elected their most senior member Giovanni Gaetano Orsini as Pope Nicholas III. From the end of the election until Nicholas III's first consistory on March 12, 1278, the number of living cardinals—seven—was the lowest in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.


1277 papal election, Cardinal electors
The seven cardinal electors were evenly divided between three supporters of Charles of Anjou and three cardinals from prominent Roman families, who opposed the interests of Charles in Italy, and there was one uncommitted cardinal.


1277 papal election, Procedure
Initially, the cardinals met only once a day for balloting and returned to their respective habitations after the scrutinies. For two months, voting proceeded uneventfully along national lines with the French and Roman cardinals evenly divided.


1277 papal election, Procedure
After six months the impatient magistrates of Viterbo locked the cardinals in the town hall (once elected, Nicholas III moved the papacy back to Rome).


1278
Year 1278 (MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1278 and 1530 AM West Yorkshire
1278 and 1530 AM West Yorkshire was a temporary name used for the AM sister station of The Pulse of West Yorkshire.


1278 and 1530 AM West Yorkshire, History
The station began life as Pennine Radio which was part of the Yorkshire Radio Network, but when it split its AM and FM frequencies, the medium wave licence became Classic Gold. Following a take over it was then relaunched as Great Yorkshire Radio, and then Great Yorkshire Gold.


1278 and 1530 AM West Yorkshire, History
However, in 1997 promotional trailers began running across all three stations in the network saying that they would be soon converting to become Magic, despite the fact that this would not be the case in West Yorkshire, where negotiations were underway to take GWR's Classic Gold service. Unhappy with the confusion, bosses in Bradford decided to create an emergency local service, hence the name 1278 and 1530 AM West Yorkshire which ran for a short period until Classic Gold started. The station later became West Yorkshire's Big AM, Pennine's Big AM, West Yorkshire's Classic Gold, Pulse Classic Gold and Pulse 2.


1279
Year 1279 A.D (MCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1279 in Ireland, Events
Duarcán mac Íomhaor Mág Tighearnán the Second (anglicised Durcan McKiernan) became chief of the McKiernan Clan and Baron or Lord of Tullyhunco barony, County Cavan


127th (Manchester) Brigade
The 127th (Manchester) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service during both the First and Second World Wars. It was assigned to the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division and served in the Middle East and on the Western Front in the First World War.


127th (Manchester) Brigade
In the Second World War, as the 127th Infantry Brigade, it fought in France and was evacuated at Dunkirk. Once back in the United Kingdom, the brigade was converted into an armoured support group.


127th (Manchester) Brigade
Throughout its existence the brigade was composed mainly of battalions of the Manchester Regiment.


127th (Manchester) Brigade, Early history
The Volunteer Force of part-time soldiers was created following an invasion scare in 1859, and its constituent Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs) were progressively aligned with the Regular British Army and Militia during the later 19th Century. Under the 'Localisation of the Forces' introduced by the Cardwell Reforms, existing RVCs were brigaded with Regular and Militia regiments in their district. Sub-District No 16 (Lancashire) formed in 1873 included the 63rd and 96th Regiments, the 6th Royal Lancashire Militia, the 4th and 7th Administrative Battalions of Lancashire RVCs and the 6th (1st Manchester), 33rd (Ardwick), 40th (3rd Manchester) and 56th (Salford) Lancashire RVCs, all from the Manchester, Salford and Ashton-under-Lyne area.


127th (Manchester) Brigade, Early history
The 1881 Childers Reforms took Cardwell's scheme a stage further, the linked battalions converting into single two-battalion regiments. The 63rd and 96th were amalgamated to create the Manchester Regiment, and the Manchester and Ashton RVCs were formally attached to it as its 1st–5th Volunteer Battalions.


127th (Manchester) Brigade, Early history
While the sub-districts were later referred to as 'brigades', they were purely administrative organisations and the Volunteers were excluded from the mobilisation part of the Cardwell system. But under the reforms introduced by Edward Stanhope in 1888, a comprehensive Mobilisation Scheme was brought in for Volunteer units, which would assemble in their own Volunteer Infantry Brigades at key points in case of war. In peacetime these brigades provided a structure for collective training. The five (later six) Volunteer Battalions of the Manchester Regiment constituted the Manchester Brigade, based at 55 Market Street, Manchester, and initially under the command of retired Colonel H.B.H. Blundell.


127th (Manchester) Brigade, Territorial Force
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the Volunteer Battalions became the 5th–10th Battalions of the Manchester Regiment. The Manchester Brigade comprised the 5th–8th Battalions and formed part of the East Lancashire Division of the TF:


127th (Manchester) Brigade, First World War
On the outbreak of the First World War, the majority of the men volunteered for overseas service. On 31 August 1914, the formation of Reserve or 2nd Line units was authorised for each TF unit going overseas. Initially these were formed from men who had not volunteered for overseas service, and the recruits who were flooding in. Later they were mobilised for overseas service in their own right. From now on, the original battalions and brigades were designated with a '1/' prefix and the 2nd Line duplicate by a '2/'. Eventually the 2nd Manchester Brigade went overseas as the 199th (Manchester) Brigade.