1433 Geramtina, Physical characteristics, Mineralogy
The spectra of Geramtina together with 4182 Mount Locke have been studies in a mineralogical assessment to test whether these considered core members of the Gefion family might be the source of the L chondrites, a common group of meteorites, due to their dynamical and compositional characteristics. Spectra obtained with the 3-meter NASA IRTF telescope, however, were inconclusive and suggest that Geramtina might as well be a H chondrite rather than an L chondrite, but allows for the determination of a general S(IV) ordinary chondritic composition. The researchers also acknowledged that the Gefion family space has a high abundance of interlopers which needs to be ruled out first.


1433 Geramtina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In October 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Geramtina was obtained from photometric observations at the National Undergraduate Research Observatory, NURO, in Flagstaff, Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a tentative rotation period of 14 hours (monomodal solution) with a brightness amplitude of 0.07 magnitude (U=2-). Alternatively, it has a bimodal period solution of 28 hours, which is considered more likely by the observers, but ignored by the Asteroid Lightcurve Data Base.


1433 Geramtina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Geramtina measures 12.687 and 14.574 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.251 and 0.1910, respectively.


1433 Geramtina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo of stony asteroids 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 14.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.


1433 Geramtina, Naming
This minor planet was named by Swedish astronomer Bror Ansgar Asplind (1890–1954) after his sister. The name "Geramtina" is a constructed name. Bror Asplind computed the orbits of several discoveries made at Uccle Observatory in preparation of the 6th IAU General Assembly in Stockholm in 1938. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 129).


14335 Alexosipov
14335 Alexosipov, provisional designation 1981 RR3, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Soviet–Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on 3 September 1981. The asteroid was named after astronomer Alexandr Osipov.


14335 Alexosipov, Orbit and classification
Alexosipov is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,220 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The first astrometric observations were already made at the discovering observatory in 1971, 10 years prior to its discovery. However, these observations were not used to extend the asteroid's observation arc.


14335 Alexosipov, Physical characteristics
Alexosipov has been characterized as a common S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


14335 Alexosipov, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
A rotational lightcurve of Alexosipov was obtained from photometric observations made by American astronomer Brian Skiff in October 2011. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.18±0.01 hours with a low brightness variation of 0.10 in magnitude (U=3). A low brightness amplitude typically indicates that the body has a nearly spheroidal shape.


14335 Alexosipov, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Alexosipov measures 4.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.279, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – which derives from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 3.9 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.2.


14335 Alexosipov, Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of astronomer Alexandr Kuzmich Osipov (1920–2004), observer of artificial satellites, the Moon, planets and comets at the Astronomical Observatory of Kyiv National University in Kiev, Ukraine. He is described as a skilled teacher for many generations of students. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 December 2005 (M.P.C. 55721).


14335 Alexosipov, Naming
152217 Akosipov, discovered 2005, is also named for Aleksandr Osipov.


1434
Year 1434 (MCDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1434 Margot
1434 Margot, provisional designation 1936 FD1, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 March 1936, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Gertrud Margot Görsdorf, a friend of German astronomer of Wilhelm Gliese.


1434 Margot, Orbit and classification
Margot is a member the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family of the outer asteroid belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.8–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,916 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.


1434 Margot, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory in August 1906, when it was first identified as A922 SD, almost 30 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1434 Margot, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Margot is a common S-type asteroid. Pan-STARRS photometric survey also characterizes it as a stony S-type, while the overall spectral type for Eoan asteroids is that of a K-type.


1434 Margot, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In June 1984, a rotational lightcurve of Margot was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel . Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 8.17 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.52 magnitude, indicative of a somewhat elongated shape (U=3).


1434 Margot, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Margot measures between 27.178 and 30.84 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.117 and 0.1353.


1434 Margot, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1106 and a diameter of 29.49 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.66.


1434 Margot, Naming
This minor planet was named by German astronomer Wilhelm Gliese after Gertrud Margot Zottmann (1915–1990; née Görsdorf), his friend and schoolfellow for several years at Berlin. Gliese, after whom the asteroid (1823) is named, is best known for the Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars, which is itself the source of name for many discovered exoplanets. The discovery circumstances and naming were researched by Lutz Schmadel, the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names.


1434 oath
The 1434 oath was taken by members of the English gentry and swore them to refrain from harbouring law-breakers and other breakers of the King's Peace.


1434 oath, The oath
In 1434 the King, Henry VI, was still a legal minor, and the royal council ruled on his behalf. Aware of the important role the gentry and nobility played in the regions in keeping law and order, the council believed that it would be a positive step for these men to swear an oath "that they would neither use their wealth and influence to undertake criminal activities nor maintain lesser men" who did. The nobility had already taken a similar oath in the House of Lords the previous year at the instigation of the Commons, which also took the oath on the same day. It was then decided that all major landholders in the country should also swear the same.


1434 oath, The oath
The oath instructed that all who took it would not:


1434 oath, The oath
Receyve, cheryssh, hold in houshold ne maigtene pillours, robbours, oppressours of the peple, mansleers, felons, owtlawes, ravissheres of wommen, brekers of parkes or warennes, or eny other open mysdoor or eny openly named or famed for such till his innocencie be declared, and that no man take eny other mennes cause or querell in favour or meyntenaunce as be word, by writyng or message to officer, juge, jure or partie be colour of eny feffement.


1434 oath, The oath
On 20 January the parliament's Knights of the Shire were instructed to compose and submit to Chancery a list of those property holders who qualified in their constituencies. The oath itself was taken in the localities on 1 May the same year. Of the 36 counties of which lists were presumably made, 29 survive in Chancery. They comprise over 4,000 names, generally listed from the highest-ranking to the lowest. Ten men appear on multiple lists. Bogner has called this collection a "15th-century Who's Who...a rare snapshot of the movers and shakers in local society".


1434 oath, The oath
The oath of 1434 has been described by the prosopographer Gilbert Bogner as constituting "the most comprehensive list of English knights" of the century. The oath was a response to a perceived increase in lawlessness in the regions, which itself was seen as having been caused by illegal retaining.


1434 oath, The oath, Later events
The 1434 oath was used the following year to encourage John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk to improve his behaviour. Although Mowbray had sworn with the other lords in 1433, his behaviour, which seems to have been riotous, had continued in the same manner. Mowbray was instructed to "have bysilie in his mynde and for kepyng of his honour observe in all poyntes tharticle assured as wele by hym as other lordes and estates of this land in the kynges hande at the last parlement holden at Westm'".


1434 oath, Historiography
The oath's significance to historians, argues Bogner, was that it lists the gentry whom the crown considered "capable of retaining men as a force for their own ends", and who were trained in war. Similarly, the medievalist Ralph A. Griffiths suggests that those who took the oath were "socially prominent or politically powerful" men, while Edward Powell considers that those who signed can be considered gentry by the historian, regardless of the signatory's actual employment. The fact that the oath was deemed necessary indicates the extent to which law and order was considered to have collapsed in the regions.


1434 oath, Historiography
Christian Liddy, in a study of the oath-taking in the Palatinate of Durham suggests that the oath was not confined to the gentry class. In that region at least, he says, there was a "preponderance of low-income and sub-manorial esquires" also taking part. Christine Carpenter had similar results in her examination of Warwickshire society, discovering that wealth was not a critical factor in deciding who took the oath. For example, Sir Thomas Ferrers appears in the tax return of 1436–indicating he was considered wealthy enough to be taxed—but he was not summoned to take the oath takers two years previously.


1434 oath, Historiography
The social class of oath-taker appears to have varied from county to county. Figures available from the Kentish oath-taking, for instance, indicate that around a third of those who swore the oath in Kent were yeomen rather than gentry. The numbers of men called upon also varied wildly between areas; those from Kent numbered over 300, for example, while Lancashire swore less than 80.


1434 oath, Historiography
For some individuals of the period events such as the 1434 oath are the only occasion on which they appear on the historical record. Bogner highlights, for example, Sir John Colepepir of Warwickshire, who, Bogner writes, apart from his being knighted, has "yet left virtually no impression on the records aside from also swearing the 1434 oath and dying in 1482".


1435
Year 1435 (MCDXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1436
Year 1436 (MCDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1436 Salonta
1436 Salonta, provisional designation 1936 YA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by György Kulin at the Konkoly Observatory in 1936, the asteroid was later named for the Romanian city of Salonta, the birthplace of the discoverer.


1436 Salonta, Discovery
Salonta was discovered on 11 December 1936, by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at the Konkoly Observatory in Budapest. Three nights later, it was independently discovered by French astronomer André Patry at Nice Observatory on 14 December 1936. The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer. The asteroid was first identified as 1933 FX1 at Johannesburg Observatory in March 1933.


1436 Salonta, Orbit and classification
Salonta is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 3.0–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,038 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at the discovering Konkloy Observatory in January 1937, about one month after its official discovery observation.


1436 Salonta, Physical characteristics
Salonta has been characterized as a dark and primitive P-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). It is also an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.


1436 Salonta, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In 2007 and 2008, three rotational lightcurves of Salonta were independently obtained from photometric observations by astronomers Brian Warner, Pierre Antonini and René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a well defined rotation period between 8.861 and 8.8716 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.17 to 0.33 magnitude (U=3/3/3).


1436 Salonta, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
In 2016, a lightcurve of Salonta has also been modeled using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, the Palomar Transient Factory survey, and from individual observers. Modelling gave a concurring sidereal period of 8.86985 hours as well as two spin axis of (223.0°, 18.0°) and (57.0°, 35°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1436 Salonta, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Salonta measures between 52.73 and 72.06 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.028 and 0.05.


1436 Salonta, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0339 and a diameter of 62.90 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3.


1436 Salonta, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Romanian city of Salonta, formerly known as "Nagyszalonta" when it was still part of the Kingdom of Hungary. It is the birthplace of the discoverer György Kulin. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 February 1980 (M.P.C. 5182).


1436 in France
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by BrownHairedGirl (talk | contribs) at 17:54, 19 June 2020 (use Template:Year in France header, which needs no parameters and applies categories, replaced: {{yearbox|  in?= in France| }} → {{Year in France header}}). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1437
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Graham87 (talk | contribs) at 12:37, 7 January 2021 (1 revision imported: import old edit from nost:1437). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1437
Year 1437 (MCDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1437 Diomedes
1437 Diomedes /ˌdaɪəˈmiːdiːz/ is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 150 kilometers (90 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1937, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The dark D/P-type asteroid belongs to the largest Jupiter trojans and has a notably elongated shape and a longer than average rotation period of 24.49 hours. Diomedes was the first Jupiter trojan successfully observed during an occultation event of star. It was named after the hero Diomedes from Greek mythology.


1437 Diomedes, Orbit and classification
Diomedes is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. Jupiter trojans are thought to have been captured into their orbits during or shortly after the early stages of the formation of the Solar System. More than 4,500 Jupiter trojans in the Greek camp have already been discovered.


1437 Diomedes, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.0–5.4 AU once every 11 years and 10 months (4,329 days; semi-major axis of 5.2 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 20° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1931 DN at Lowell Observatory in February 1931. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg with its official discovery observation in August 1937.


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Diomedes has an ambiguous spectral type, closest to the dark D-type asteroids and somewhat similar to the primitive P-type asteroids. Its V–I color index of 0.810 is also lower than that measured for most D-type Jupiter trojans (0.95).


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Diomedes have been obtained from photometric observations since the 1960s. The so-far best-rated photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) and Santana Observatory (646) in November 2008, gave a longer-than average rotation period of 24.49±0.01 hours with a brightness variation of 0.34 magnitude (U=3-).


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
In the 1970s, radiometric observations were published in the Tucson Revised Index of Asteroid Data (TRIAD) compilation gave a diameter of 173.0 kilometers with a radiometric albedo 0.021.


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Diomedes measures between 117.786 and 172.60 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.028 and 0.061. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0313 and a diameter of 164.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.30. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0313 and a diameter of 164.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.30.


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Diomedes is the third largest Jupiter trojan according to IRAS and Akari, and the 9th largest based on NEOWISE data:


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


1437 Diomedes, Physical characteristics, Occultation and shape
Diomedes was the first Jupiter trojan that was successfully observed during an asteroid occultation, when it occulted the star HIP 014402A over Japan on 7 November 1997. The silhouette was elongated with a major and minor occultation axis of 284 × 126 kilometers (poor fit). The ellipsoid dimensions of 284 × 126 × 65 kilometers – corresponding to a mean-diameter of 132.5 kilometers, equivalent to the volume of a sphere – were estimated using follow-up photometry at Ondřejov Observatory and Mitaka Observatory (388) that determined the body's rotational phase at the exact time of the occultation event.


1437 Diomedes, Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the hero Diomedes, King of Argos and known for his participation in the Trojan War, regarded as the best warriors of the Achaeans, just behind Achilles and alongside with Ajax. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 129).


1437 in France, Events
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1438
Year 1438 (MCDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1438 Imperial election
The imperial election of 1438 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Frankfurt on March 18.


1438 Imperial election, Background
The previous Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, died on December 9, 1437. His son-in-law Albert II of Germany succeeded him as Jure uxoris king of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia.


1438 Imperial election, Background
Albert, as king of Bohemia, was entitled to a vote. However, he was in Bohemia suppressing an uprising and was not present at the election.


1439
Year 1439 (MCDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1439 Vogtia
1439 Vogtia, provisional designation 1937 TE, is a dark Hildian asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1937, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. It is named for astronomer Heinrich Vogt.


1439 Vogtia, Description
Vogtia is a member of the Hilda family, a large group of asteroids in an orbital resonance with the gas giant Jupiter, and thought to have originated from the Kuiper belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.5–4.5 AU once every 8.01 years (2,925 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. Its observation arc begins at Heidelberg, 15 days after its official discovery observation, with no precoveries taken, and no prior identifications made.


1439 Vogtia, Description
In the 1990s, a rotational light-curve of Vogtia was obtained during a survey of Hilda asteroids at Swedish, German and Italian observatories. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 12.95 hours with a brightness variation of 0.33 magnitude (U=3). In October 2016, American astronomer Brian D. Warner obtained another light-curve at his Palmer Divide Station/CS3 in Colorado, which gave a period of 12.898 hours and an identical amplitude of 0.33 magnitude (U=3).


1439 Vogtia, Description
In the Tholen taxonomy, Vogtia is classified as a rare XFU-type, while it is also described as a C/P-type asteroid. According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Vogtia measures between 47.87 and 52.86 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has a low albedo between 0.043 and 0.051. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0425 and a diameter of 47.79 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.65.


1439 Vogtia, Description
This minor planet was named for Heinrich Vogt (1890–1968), German astronomer at University of Heidelberg. He discovered the main-belt asteroid 735 Marghanna in 1912, and was a known member of the Nazi paramilitary Sturmabteilung.


143d Airlift Squadron
The 143d Airlift Squadron (143d AS) is a unit of the Rhode Island Air National Guard 143d Airlift Wing located at Quonset Point Air National Guard Station, Rhode Island. The 143d is equipped with the C-130J Hercules.


143d Airlift Squadron
The squadron is a descendant organization of the 152d Observation Squadron, established on 21 August 1939. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.


143d Airlift Squadron, History
The origins of the 143d Airlift Squadron begin in 1915 when concerned Rhode Island residents banded together in the true spirit of the citizen-soldier to purchase two Curtis Model "F" Flying Boats, one of which was assigned to the Rhode Island National Guard. The border conflict in Mexico and America's entry into the First World War prevented much use, and in 1919 the National Guard aircraft, now obsolete, was sold as surplus.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
In 1939 President Roosevelt increased measures to prepare the Armed Forces for the inevitable American involvement in World War II. The State of Rhode Island was allocated one of only two new observation squadrons authorized by Congress that year. On 21 August 1939 the 152d Observation Squadron was organized. Less than one year later, on 25 November 1940 it was federalized for extended active duty. The training paid off. After American entry into World War II, the 152d Observation Squadron immediately took up its primary mission of anti-submarine patrols along the Northeastern shipping lanes. In September 1944 the unit, now designated the 37th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, transferred overseas. Assigned to the Fifteenth Air Force, squadron pilots flew Photo Reconnaissance missions in northern Italy, southern Germany and the Balkans until June 1945, following the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard
The wartime 37th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron was reactivated and re-designated as the 152d Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the Rhode Island Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at T. F. Green Municipal Airport, Warwick, Rhode Island and was extended federal recognition on 152d Fighter-Bomber Squadron as the 152d Fighter-Bomber Squadron by the National Guard Bureau. The 152d Fighter-Bomber Squadron was entitled to the history, honors, and colors of the 37th. The squadron was equipped with F-47 Thunderbolts and was assigned to the Continental Air Command First Air Force.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Air defense
In 1952 the 152d was transferred to Air Defense Command, given a mission of air defense for Rhode Island, eastern Long Island and over the Atlantic approaches of New York City. In order to accomplish this, the unit was equipped with long-range F-51D Mustangs. In 1956 the United States Air Force, in an effort to upgrade to an all jet fighter force, required Air National Guard Aerospace Defense Command units to upgrade to jet-powered aircraft.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Air defense
The Rhode Island Airport Commission and National Guard authorities found themselves in a conflict over the use of T.F. Green Municipal Airport for tactical jet operations. Unable to resolve these differences the Air Force inactivated the squadron and the National Guard Bureau transferred the 152d Fighter Interceptor Squadron to the Arizona Air National Guard.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Air defense
However, the National Guard Bureau's desire to have an Air National Guard flying unit located in every state brought a new mission and the numeric designation to the Rhode Island Air National Guard, the 143d Air Resupply Squadron using propeller-driven aircraft. The 143d Air Resupply Squadron was bestowed the lineage and history of the inactivated Rhode Island ANG 152d Fighter Interceptor Squadron. The 152d FIS, now part of the Arizona Air National Guard was granted federal recognition as a new organization, with no history or lineage to the Rhode Island Air National Guard.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Special operations
The 143d Air Resupply Squadron was assigned to the Military Air Transport Service. It was designated at the time as a "Psychological Warfare" unit which supported USAF unconventional warfare (guerrilla warfare), direct action (commando-type raids), strategic reconnaissance (intelligence gathering), and PSYWAR operations. The unit was assigned the Grumman SA-16A Albatross seaplane and for a short time retained the Douglas C-47 Skytrain. There were several minor mission designation changes, and the C-47 was eventually replaced by the Curtis C-46 Commando.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Special operations
In 1963 the first major mission change for the 143d occurred. Situations around the world produced a need for specialized units which could insert a small group of trained combat troops on land or sea anywhere at a moments notice. The 143d was tasked as one of the representatives of the National Guard in the Air Force's Air Commando Group structure. The C-46 was replaced with Helio U-10A and U-10D Couriers. During a three-year period starting in 1965, the U-10s belonging to the 143d and other Air National Guard units were transferred back to the Air Force for use in South Vietnam, during which the "Helio" was replaced by DeHavilland U-6 "Beavers".


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Special operations
In 1968 the U-10s returned from their tour of duty in South Vietnam, and on 1 July, the Rhode Island Air National Guard 143d Special Operations Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level. The 143d Special Operations Group was established by the National Guard Bureau, with the 143d SOS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 143d Headquarters, 143d Material Squadron (Maintenance), 143d Combat Support Squadron, and the 143d USAF Dispensary.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Special operations
The Grumman SA-16 "Albatross" flown by 143d pilots since 1955 was replaced in 1968 with an updated version of the "Albatross", the HU-16. With twice the cargo capability and range, the HU-16 opened up new avenues of opportunity as was demonstrated in 1970. Flight and Ground crews of the 143d assisted scientists and engineers of the Naval Underwater Systems Center, conducting studies of undersea acoustics, at Lake Tanganyika in Africa during April and again in August at Hudson Bay, Canada.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Special operations
The unit would work in the Special Operations field for seven more years, during which the HU-16 aircraft were eventually retired in 1972 and replaced with Fairchild C-119G/L "Flying Boxcars".


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Tactical airlift
In 1975 as part of a general program to upgrade Air National Guard units the 143d was redesignated as a Tactical Airlift Group and assigned Lockheed C-130A Hercules aircraft. In 1980 the 143d Tactical Airlift Group moved from T.F. Green airport to its new home at Quonset Air National Guard Base.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Tactical airlift
As global airlifters, Rhode Island "Herks" were found in all parts of the United States, Europe, Africa, South America and the Caribbean. The 143d played a vital role in deployments such as Volant Oak, Volant Pine, Red Flag, Dragon Hammer, Volant Rodeo competitions and humanitarian efforts such as "Operation Toy Lift" which provided toys to the children of Granada in 1986. In 1989, the 143d was selected for conversion to the C-130E Model.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Tactical airlift
In 1990 unit volunteers provided support during Operation Desert Shield. In September, unit members flew out of Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany to support operational missions from Turkey and Saudi Arabia. The second group of volunteers arrived at RAF Mildenhall, England in January 1991 and was in the theater of operations when Operation Desert Shield turned into Operation Desert Storm. With the defeat of the Iraqi forces and the end of the Gulf War, members returned home in June 1991 and were released from active duty.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Tactical airlift
As part of Air Mobility Command the unit continued to be called upon to support State, Federal, and UN activities throughout the world. Volunteers from the 143d participated in many United Nations relief missions; Somalia in 1992, Operation Provide Promise in 1993 flying daylight air-land missions into Sarajevo along with night airdrops over remote areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Tactical airlift
On 1 October 1995 the group was elevated to Wing status. In 1998 the Air Force formed the Expeditionary Air Force (EAF); smaller sized war fighting "packages" able to rapidly respond to regional conflicts. The Wing has participated in five AEF cycles, supporting Operation Joint Forge in the Balkans, Operation Southern Watch in Southwest Asia and Coronet Oak in South America.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Current operations
On 11 September 2001, the 143d responded to the call again, deploying unit members to Ground Zero, to US bases for homeland security and implemented 24-hour operations at Quonset. The 143d AW has supported the Global War on Terror by not only becoming a bridge to and from the theater but by also providing airlift in support of the war effort. The 143d AW provided the first-ever C-130J Aircraft in a combat role by the U.S. Air Force in December 2004 and continued to support the war effort with both the C-130E and C-130J until retiring the C-130E in 2005. The 143d AW also provided and continues to provide the much needed troop support within Southwest Asia and many other areas of the world.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Current operations
In December 2001, the 143d received its first C-130J-30. The Wing became the first in the Air Force to receive the "stretch" version of the "J" model. As the most modern tactical airlifter in the world, the C-130J-30 can carry more cargo or personnel farther, faster, and more economically than the C-130E proving its increased airlift capability. The fleet for the 143d was completed with the arrival of the eighth J-model at Quonset on 15 June 2007.


143d Airlift Squadron, History, Rhode Island Air National Guard, Current operations
The location of Quonset being the easternmost C-130 base has provided the 143d AW with a unique opportunity to become a "bridge" between Europe and the Continental United States in support of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom.


143d Airlift Wing
The 143d Airlift Wing (143 AW) is a unit of the Rhode Island Air National Guard, stationed at Quonset Point Air National Guard Station, Rhode Island. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.


143d Airlift Wing
The 143d Airlift Squadron assigned to the Wings 143d Operations Group, is a descendant organization of the 152d Observation Squadron, established on 21 August 1939. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.


143d Airlift Wing, Mission
The 143d Airlift Wing's purpose is to provide airlift and combat support forces to the United States Armed Forces and to provide resources to protect life, property and public safety for its state and community.


143d Airlift Wing, History
Established on 1 July 1968 when the Rhode Island Air National Guard 143d Special Operations Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level. The 143d Special Operations Group was established by the National Guard Bureau, with the 143d SOS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 143d Headquarters, 143d Material Squadron (Maintenance), 143d Combat Support Squadron, and the 143d USAF Dispensary.


143d Airlift Wing, History
The Grumman SA-16 Albatross flown by 143d pilots since 1955 was replaced in 1968 with an updated version of the Albatross, the HU-16. With twice the cargo capability and range, the HU-16 opened up new avenues of opportunity as was demonstrated in 1970. Flight and Ground crews of the 143d assisted scientists and engineers of the Naval Underwater Systems Center, conducting studies of undersea acoustics, at Lake Tanganyika in Africa during April and again in August at Hudson Bay, Canada.


143d Airlift Wing, History
The unit would work in the Special Operations field for seven more years, during which the HU-16 aircraft were eventually retired in 1972 and replaced with Fairchild C-119G/L "Flying Boxcars".


143d Airlift Wing, History, Tactical airlift
In 1975 as part of a general program to upgrade Air National Guard units the 143d was redesignated as a Tactical Airlift Group and assigned Lockheed C-130A Hercules aircraft. In 1980 the 143d Tactical Airlift Group moved from T.F. Green airport to its new home at Quonset Air National Guard Base.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Tactical airlift
As global airlifters, Rhode Island "Herks" were found in all parts of the United States, Europe, Africa, South America and the Caribbean. The 143d played a vital role in deployments such as Volant Oak, Volant Pine, Red Flag, Dragon Hammer, Volant Rodeo competitions and humanitarian efforts such as "Operation Toy Lift" which provided toys to the children of Granada on 1986. In 1989, the 143d was selected for conversion to the C-130E Model.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Tactical airlift
In 1990 unit volunteers provided support during Operation Desert Shield. In September, unit members flew out of Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany to support operational missions from Turkey and Saudi Arabia. The second group of volunteers arrived at RAF Mildenhall, England in January 1991 and was in the theater of operations when Operation Desert Shield turned into Operation Desert Storm. With the defeat of the Iraqi forces and the end of the Gulf War, members returned home in June 1991 and were released from active duty.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Tactical airlift
As part of Air Mobility Command the unit continued to be called upon to support State, Federal, and UN activities throughout the world. Volunteers from the 143d participated in many United Nations relief missions; Somalia in 1992, Operation Provide Promise in 1993 flying daylight air-land missions into Sarajevo along with night airdrops over remote areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Tactical airlift
On 1 October 1995 the group was elevated to Wing status. In 1998 the Air Force formed the Expeditionary Air Force (EAF); smaller sized war fighting "packages" able to rapidly respond to regional conflicts. The Wing has participated in five AEF cycles, supporting Operation Joint Forge in the Balkans, Operation Southern Watch in Southwest Asia and Coronet Oak in South America.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Current operations
On 11 September 2001, the 143d responded to the call again, deploying unit members to Ground Zero, to US bases for homeland security and implemented 24-hour operations at Quonset. The 143d AW has supported the Global War on Terror by not only becoming a bridge to and from the theater but by also providing airlift in support of the war effort.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Current operations
The 143d AW provided the 1st ever C-130J Aircraft in a combat role by the U.S. Air Force in December 2004 and continued to support the war effort with both the C-130E and C-130J until retiring the C-130E in 2005. The 143d AW also provided and continues to provide the much needed troop support within Southwest Asia and many other areas of the world.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Current operations
In December 2001, the 143d received its first C-130J-30. The Wing became the first in the Air Force to receive the "stretch" version of the "J" model. As the most modern tactical airlifter in the world, the C-130J-30 can carry more cargo or personnel farther, faster, and more economically than the C-130E proving its increased airlift capability. The fleet for the 143d was completed with the arrival of the eighth J-model at Quonset on 15 June 2007.


143d Airlift Wing, History, Current operations
The location of Quonset being the easternmost C-130 base has provided the 143d AW with a unique opportunity to become a "bridge" between Europe and the Continental United States in support of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
143rd Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment was an air defence unit of Britain's Royal Artillery formed during World War II. It started out as a 'Mixed' regiment with around two-thirds of its personnel being women from the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS). The regiment defended the West of England from 1942 to the end of the war when it moved to South East England. The regiment continued (as an all-male unit) in the postwar British Army.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Organisation
By 1941, after two years of war Anti- Aircraft Command, tasked with defending the UK against air attack, was suffering a manpower shortage. In April its commander-in-chief, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, proposed to overcome this by utilising the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS). The ATS was by law a non-combatant service, but it was decided that Defence Regulations permitted the employment of women in anti-aircraft (AA) roles other than actually firing the guns. They worked the radar and plotting instruments, range-finders and predictors, ran command posts and communications, and carried out many other duties.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Organisation
With the increasing automation of heavy AA (HAA) guns, including gun-laying, fuze-setting and ammunition loading under remote control from the predictor, the question of who actually fired the gun became blurred as the war progressed. The ATS rank and file, if not always their officers, took to the new role with enthusiasm and 'Mixed' batteries and regiments with the ATS supplying two-thirds of their personnel quickly proved a success.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Organisation
By late 1941 the training regiments were turning out a regular stream of Mixed HAA batteries, which AA Command formed into regiments to take the place of the all-male units being sent to overseas theatres of war. One such new unit was 143rd (Mixed) HAA Regiment. Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) was formed on 19 January 1942 at Quedgeley Court, near Gloucester, and on 2 February three batteries were regimented with it.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Organisation
These had each been formed with a cadre of experienced officers and other ranks provided by an existing unit: in the case of 496 HAA Battery this comprised a battery commander-designate, 2 other officers and 9 other ranks who were pre-war members of 79th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) HAA Regiment in the Territorial Army (TA). The male soldier intake of these batteries were men transferred from recently-formed Light AA (LAA) units, the majority of the personnel were women from the ATS. The regiment was composed as follows:


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
By the beginning of March 1942 143rd (M) HAA Rgt had been assigned to 5th AA Brigade in 9th AA Division, responsible for defending the area around Gloucester and Hereford. By now the regiment had been joined by 489 (M) HAA Bty, transferred from 141st (M) HAA Rgt. However, this battery was attached to the neighbouring 8th AA Division and was transferred again to 150th (M) HAA Rgt almost immediately. Similarly, 496 (M) HAA Battery was temporarily attached to 45 AA Bde covering Cardiff and Newport within 9th AA Division.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
Although there were a number of Luftwaffe air raids on cities in the West of England during the so-called Baedeker Blitz of 1942, none directly affected the Gloucester area. In June there was a reorganisation of AA divisional and brigade boundaries in the West of England, and 143rd (M) HAA Rgt transferred to the command of  67 AA Bde. 474 HAA Battery joined the regiment on 29 June 1942 having left the all-male 138th HAA Rgt as a cadre and been converted into a mixed battery. 474 and 496 (M) HAA Btys then transferred to 171st (Mixed) HAA Rgt on 29 August 1942.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
During the autumn of 1942, 143rd (M) HAA Rgt and its two remaining batteries (494 and 495) were the only units in 67 AA Bde. The South Coast was under attack from 'hit-and-run' raids by fighter-bombers and brigade HQ was transferred on 8 November command LAA reinforcements being sent to the area. 143rd (M) HAA Regiment and the Gloucester–Cheltenham Gun Defence Area (GDA) then came under the command of 46 AA Bde at Bristol.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
The commanding officer (CO) of 143rd undertook the duties of AA Defence Commander (AADC) for the GDA from his RHQ at Badgeworth Court between Gloucester and Cheltenham, with a Gun Operations Room (GOR) at Gloucester. The regiment was joined by 589 (M) HAA Bty, formed at 205th HAA Training Rgt, Arborfield, on 19 August and regimented on 9 November; this battery took over gunsites at Swindon. Two more batteries formed on 21 October 620 (M) at 206th HAA Training Rgt, Arborfield, and 621 (M) at 211th HAA Training Rgt, Oswestry, joined in January, but 621 was immediately transferred on to a new 181st (M) HAA Rgt forming at Cardiff.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
Apart from a raid on 17 February 1943, when about 20 enemy aircraft made a surprise attack having followed RAF bombers returning to base, there was virtually no enemy activity over 46 AA Bde's area for the whole year. The rest of the time the gunners spent waiting or training, including training detachments of the Home Guard as relief HAA gun crews. In early 1944, however, the Luftwaffe began a new campaign, the so-called 'Baby Blitz', that brought several raids over the West Country from February onwards.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
In March 1944, 143rd (M) HAA Rgt moved to 55 AA Bde covering the Plymouth–Falmouth area where shipping was being gathered for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord). As the Baby Blitz continued, Plymouth was attacked on 29 April, Torquay on 28 May and Falmouth on 29 May.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
After the invasion was launched on D Day (6 June) the regiment remained in the West Country while many other units were stripped out to reinforce the South East against V-1 flying bombs or to provide manpower for 21st Army Group fighting in North West Europe. On 4 December 1944, 589 and 620 (M) HAA Btys began to disband, completing on 7 and 18 March respectively at Torpoint, Cornwall.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
This left 55 AA Bde with just two HAA batteries (494 and 495 of 143rd (M) HAA Rgt) before the brigade HQ itself was converted in January 1945 into 306 Infantry Brigade to command garrison troops in 21st Army Group. The regiment came under the direct command of 8 AA Group, headquartered in Scotland, and then transferred to 37 AA Bde in 1 AA Group in South East England.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
After VE Day the demobilisation of the ATS got under way, and on 25 August 1945 the regiment reorganised as an all-male unit. It was joined by 228 (Edinburgh) HAA Bty from 82nd (Essex) HAA Rgt (also in 37 AA Bde), which brought it back to a normal three-battery establishment in the postwar army.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
From 1 January 1947, the regiment was considered a new war-formed unit of the Regular Army. On 1 April that year it was redesignated as 75 HAA Regiment at Milton Barracks, Gravesend, equipped with 3.7-inch and 5.25-inch HAA guns. The batteries were also reorganised:


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
37 AA Brigade's Regular units reformed 11 AA Bde in 1 AA Gp of AA Command.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
75 HAA Regiment was reduced to a cadre on 30 July 1948. On 15 August 1953, 288 and 289 Btys were formally placed in suspended animation (and disbanded on 1 May 1954) to resuscitate in the UK 150 Bty from 28 Coast Rgt (in Gibraltar) and 182 Bty from 51 Coast Rgt (in Aden) respectively.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
On 16 June 1955, RHQ of 75 HAA Rgt and 37, 150 and 182 Btys were placed in suspended animation to resuscitate 46 HAA Rgt at Milton Barracks with 117, 124 and 126 Btys, but after service in Cyprus in 1957–58 this regiment in turn went into suspended animation on 31 October 1958.


143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Insignia
While the male members of the regiment wore the Royal Artillery's 'gun' cap badge, the women wore the ATS cap badge, but in addition they wore the RA's 'grenade' collar badge as a special badge above the left breast pocket of the tunic. Both sexes wore the white RA lanyard on the right shoulder.


143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), CEF
The 143rd (B.C. Bantams) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Victoria, British Columbia, the unit began recruiting in 1916 throughout Western Canada. Bantam units were organized to recruit men who were shorter than the standard 5-foot-4-inch (163 cm) height required for joining the army. By the time they were fully formed, however, only about half of the men were under that standard height as they could not find enough short men to enlist.


143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), CEF
The battalion had barracks at Beacon Hill Park and trained for the months of July through October 1916 at Sidney Camp.


143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), CEF
After sailing to England in February 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 1st and 24th Reserve Battalions, and the Canadian Railway Troops in March 1917. The 143rd (B.C. Bantams) Battalion, CEF had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel .


143rd Delaware General Assembly
The 143rd Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1st and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 4, 2005, which was two weeks before the beginning of the fifth administrative year of Democratic Governor Ruth Ann Minner from Kent County and Democratic Lieutenant Governor John Carney from New Castle County.


143rd Delaware General Assembly
Currently the distribution of seats for both houses was based on the interpretation of the federal 2000 census. It resulted from a large number of memberships in the New Castle County area and ruling that the election districts would abandon county lines for their boundaries, but would design whatever district boundaries that would accomplish such population equals.


143rd Delaware General Assembly
In the 143rd Delaware General Assembly session the Senate had a  Democratic majority and the House had a Republican majority.


143rd Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
About half the State Senators were elected every two years for a four-year term, except the decade district redesign year, when all served two years. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.


143rd Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
All the State Representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.


143rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:59, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


143rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 143rd Division (第143師団, Dai-hyakuyonjūsan Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Nagoya Protection Division (護仙兵団, Kogo Heidan). It was formed 28 February 1945 in Nagoya as a square division. It was a part of the 16 simultaneously created divisions batch numbering from 140th to 160th.


143rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Initially, the 143rd division was assigned to the 13th area army. In June 1945, it was reassigned to 54th army.


143rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 143rd division headquarters was located at Hamamatsu. It was tasked with the coastal defense. The division did not see any combat until surrender of Japan 15 August 1945.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, first formation)
The 143rd Division (Chinese: 第143师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 32nd Division, 11th Column of the PLA Dongbei Field Army. Its origin can be traced to 5th Independent Brigade of Jicha Military Region, formed in September 1945.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, first formation)
On May 18, 1948, a soldier of the division, Dong Cunrui, sacrificed himself while destroying a Kuomintang bunker guarding an approach to an important bridge in Longhua County.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, first formation)
The division is part of 48th Corps. Under the flag of 143rd division it took part in several major battles during the Chinese Civil War.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, first formation)
In November 1950 the division was inactivated and converted to 21st Artillery Division.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, second formation)
The 143rd Division (Chinese: 第143师)(2nd formation) was formed in March 1951 in Hunan.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, second formation)
In March 1952, the division was detached from the corps and transferred to Zhongnan Military Region's control.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, second formation)
In December 1952 the division was inactivated and converted to the 28th Aviation Division.


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, third formation)
The 143rd Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第143师)(3rd Formation) was formed in November 1969. As of December 1969 the division was composed of:


143rd Division (People's Republic of China, third formation)
The division belonged to Guangzhou Military Region, while under the command of 42nd Army Corps. It stationed in Taishan, Guangdong for agricultural production mission.


143rd Field Artillery Regiment
The 143rd Field Artillery Regiment is a combat arms regiment of the United States Army made up of soldiers from the California Army National Guard. Only the regiment's first battalion, a Composite fires battalion, equipped with M119A3 and M777A2 Howitzers, is still active. The 1st Battalion, 143rd Field Artillery's current mission is to shoot safely, accurately, and quickly in direct support of the 79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Furthermore, the battalion trains to deploy, fight, and win on the battlefield and respond effectively to any state emergency.


143rd Field Artillery Regiment
The first battalion was most recently activated for federal service in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom from 2007-2008. The subordinate batteries of 1-143 FA executed force protection missions throughout central and northern Iraq.


143rd Field Artillery Regiment, Subordinate units
First Battalion, 143rd FARThe First Battalion, 143rd Field Artillery Regiment provides direct support fires to the 79th (formerly 40th) Infantry Brigade Combat Team, CAARNG. As the BCT's fires battalion, the 1-143rd FAR is organized to provide responsive and accurate artillery fires to the elements of the IBCT, including close supporting fires and counterfire.


143rd Field Artillery Regiment, History
Service Battery, 1-143 FA (now F Co, 40th BSB) based in Walnut Creek, CA, traces its lineage to Battery A, First Battalion of California Heavy Artillery. Battery A mustered into federal service in San Francisco between 6 and 11 May 1898, along with the rest of the battalion. A and D Batteries of the battalion sailed to the Philippines, participating in the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War. Following service in those two conflicts, A Battery was mustered out of federal service in San Francisco on 21 September 1899.


143rd Field Artillery Regiment, History
The regiment was originally organized as the 1st Battalion of California Field Artillery on 20 December 1912 from existing units in the California National Guard, with headquarters at Oakland. The 1st Battalion was called into service on 18 June 1916, at their home station, and mustered into federal service on 28 June 1916 at the Sacramento Fairgrounds as part of the 1st California Brigade [National Guard]. The 1st Battalion of California Field Artillery, along with other units of the 1st California Brigade,  served during the Mexican Border Campaign at Nogales and Yuma, Arizona. The unit was tasked with protecting the border and railroads as other units patrolled the vast border that separated the United States and Mexico.


143rd Field Artillery Regiment, History
The regiment has contributed forces to the following state mobilizations:


143rd Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 143rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was among scores of regiments that were raised in the summer of 1864 as Hundred Days Men, an effort to augment existing manpower for an all-out push to end the war within 100 days.


143rd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The 143rd Illinois Infantry was organized at Mattoon, Illinois, and mustered into Federal service on June 11, 1864, for a one-hundred-day enlistment. The 143rd served in garrisons, first in the Memphis, Tennessee, area and later at Helena, Arkansas.


143rd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out of service on September 26, 1864.


143rd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 55 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 55 fatalities.


143rd Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 143rd Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between February 21 and October 17, 1865, during the American Civil War.


143rd Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana, with a strength of 1,006 men and mustered in on February 21, 1865. The 143rd was composed of companies from the 1st district, and left the state for Nashville, Tennessee, on February 24, then moved to Murfreesboro, Tennessee and duty there until May 13. It was attached to the 1st Brigade, 1st Sub-District, District of Middle Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland.


143rd Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
Between May 13 and June 26, the regiment was on duty at Tullahoma, Tennessee. In late June, the regiment moved to Clarksville where three companies were detached and sent to Fort Donelson, Tennessee. In October, the regiment was reunited and ordered to Nashville, where it was mustered out on October 17, 1865. During its service the regiment incurred ninety fatalities, another seventy-eight deserted and four unaccounted for.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 143rd Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars. In the First World War the brigade served on both Western Front and later the Italian Front. During the Second World War the brigade fought in Belgium and France before being evacuated to England where it remained for the rest of the war and was finally disbanded in 1946. Raised again in the 1980s, this brigade disbanded under Army 2020 in November 2014.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Formation
The Warwickshire Brigade, as this brigade was originally known, was first raised in April 1908 under the Haldane Reforms when the Territorial Force was created, which was formed by the amalgamation of the Yeomanry and Volunteer Force. The brigade was assigned to the South Midland Division, one of fourteen divisions of the peacetime Territorials. The Warwickshire Brigade was composed of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Volunteer battalions of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), First World War
The brigade and division were mobilised on 5 August 1914, a day after the British declaration of war on Germany, thus beginning the First World War. When asked to serve overseas (as soldiers in the TF were not obliged to serve overseas), most of the men of the brigade volunteered for Imperial Service and those who did not were left to be formed into 2nd Line battalions and brigades, forming the 2nd Warwickshire Brigade (2/5th-2/8th Royal Warwickshires) of the 2nd South Midland Division, later the 182nd (2/1st Warwickshire) Brigade, 61st (2nd South Midland) Division. The 1st Line battalions adopted the '1/' prefix (1/5th-1/8th Royal Warwickshires) to distinguish them from the 2nd Line, which adopted the '2/'.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), First World War
The South Midland Division spent many months in England training until 13 March 1915 when it was warned to prepare for overseas service to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front which had suffered heavy casualties in the winter of 1914-15.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), First World War
On 13 May 1915 the division was numbered, becoming the 48th (South Midland) Division and the brigades in the division were also numbered, the 1st Warwickshire Brigade became the 143rd (Warwickshire) Brigade. The brigade served throughout the Great War on the Western Front in battles at the Somme and Passchendaele. In early November 1917 the 143rd Brigade, with the rest of 48th (South Midland) Division, was sent to the Italian Front and fought at Piave River in June 1918 and later at Vittoria Veneto, which ended the war in Italy with the signing of the Armistice of Villa Giusti. Both the brigade and division ended the war in Italy.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Interwar
The brigade and division were both disbanded in 1919 and then again reformed in 1920 as part of the Territorial Army as the 143rd (Warwickshire) Infantry Brigade and continued to serve with the 48th Division. The brigade again consisted of four battalions of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment and remained this way for most of the inter-war years.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Interwar
However, in the late 1930s, there was an increasing need to strengthen the anti-aircraft defences for the cities of the United Kingdom and, as a result, many infantry battalions of the Territorial Army were subsequently converted into anti-aircraft or searchlight units. In 1936 the 5th Battalion, Royal Warwickshires was one of many selected and transferred to the Royal Engineers, becoming 45th (The Royal Warwickshire Regiment) Anti - Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers, transferring to 32nd (South Midland) Anti - Aircraft Group, itself part of 2nd Anti - Aircraft Division. They were replaced by the 5th (Huntingdonshire) Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment, originally from the 162nd (East Midland) Infantry Brigade, 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division. This battalion was previously the Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion of the Army Cyclist Corps.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Interwar
In 1938 all infantry brigades of the British Army were reduced from four battalions to three and so the 6th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment was transferred to the Royal Artillery and converted to an anti-aircraft regiment, becoming 68th (The Royal Warwickshire Regiment) Anti - Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery, joining the 45th AA Battalion, RE (formerly the 5th Royal Warwickshires) in the 32nd (Midland) Anti - Aircraft Group, 2nd Anti - Aircraft Division. In the following year the brigade was redesignated 143rd Infantry Brigade.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
The 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division was mobilised on 1 September 1939, along with the rest of the Territorial Army, when the German Army launched its invasion of Poland. The Second World War began two days later, on 3 September 1939, with Britain and France declaring war on Germany. The men of the brigade were called up for full-time war service and, with the division, began training in preparation for an eventual move overseas.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
The 143rd Infantry Brigade, commanded at the time by Acting Brigadier James Muirhead, a Regular Army officer, with the rest of the 48th Division was sent to France in early 1940. The brigade arrived in France on 12 January, where it became part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), which was stationed alongside the French Army on the Franco-Belgian border. The 48th Division, commanded by Major-General Andrew Thorne, was the first complete division of the Territorial Army to be sent overseas during the Second World War.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
The division came under command of I Corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Michael Barker, serving alongside the 1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions, both Regular Army formations. Due to a policy within the BEF of integrating the Regular Army with the Territorials, the 5th (Huntingdonshire) Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment was sent to 11th Brigade of the 4th Division and exchanged for the 1st Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, a Regular Army unit.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
With the rest of the division, the 143rd Brigade fought in the battles of Belgium and France in May–June 1940 against the German Army but was forced to retreat to Dunkirk, where the 143rd Brigade in particular fought in the battle of the Ypres-Comines Canal. With the rest of the BEF, most of the brigade and division were evacuated to England after the Germans threatened to cut off the BEF from the main French Armies which would likely have caused the annihilation of the BEF.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
The brigade and division were successfully evacuated, yet had suffered extremely heavy casualties (8th Royal Warwicks had been reduced to 8 officers and 134 ORs) and had to be completely reformed and brought up to strength with conscripts. Until late 1941 the division was on home defence, training in preparation for a possible German invasion of England. The invasion, fortunately, never arrived due to events that occurred during the Battle of Britain as German intentions turned to the invasion of the Soviet Union.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
On 20 December 1942, the division was reduced to a Lower Establishment and the division, now the 48th Infantry (Reserve) Division, became a reserve training formation in the United Kingdom and the brigade was redesignated 143rd Infantry (Reserve) Brigade. The brigade remained in this role for the rest of the war, supplying drafts of replacements for the divisions fighting overseas. The brigade and division were both disbanded after the war in 1946 when it was finally disbanded.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War, Order of battle
The 143rd Infantry Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War, Commanders
The following officers commanded 143rd Infantry Brigade during the war:


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Post War
The brigade was disbanded after the Second World War and not reformed in the Territorial Army in 1947. The brigade was re-raised in 1984, moving to Shrewsbury in 1986.


143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Post War
In 1991, it took on responsibility for the Army in Shropshire, Staffordshire, Hereford and Worcester, Warwickshire and the West Midlands. With the disbandment of 5th Division, 143 (West Midlands) Brigade came under the control of the new Support Command based in Aldershot, in April 2012. 11 Signal Brigade and 143 (West Midlands) Brigade amalgamated to form 11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands in November 2014. A few remaining elements of the former brigade moved to MoD Donnington in 2015.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 143rd Infantry Regiment (Third Texas) is an airborne infantry formation in the Army National Guard and has one battalion active under the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team as part of the Associated Unit Program, aligning active and reserve units with one another for training and deployment.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, Mexican Border Service
In February 1913, Mexico was in a state of turmoil between two rival factions for power and this prevented commanders in Mexican border towns from paying their soldiers. Concern over this caused County Judge and Sheriff of Cameron County, Texas, to appeal to the governor for assistance. In response, Governor Oscar Colquitt sent Texas militia, consisting of two companies of the Third Texas Infantry from Corpus Christi and Houston and two companies of cavalry. They remained until June 1913. The situation got worse, with American citizens being executed in Mexico and various factions conducting cross-border raids into Texas.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, Mexican Border Service
Some Federal troops were stationed on the border and in August 1913, Colquitt sent the entire Third Texas Infantry to Fort Brown along with a battery of light artillery from Dallas. These were relieved by Federal troops in 1914. By 1916, the Third Texas was stationed at Harlingen while in Federal service.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, World War I
In 1917, the 36th Infantry Division was formed from units in Texas and Oklahoma. The Third Texas and part of the Fifth Texas infantry regiments were organized as the 143d Infantry Regiment at Camp Bowie, Texas. The 143d was assigned to the 72d Infantry Brigade of the division. The 143d was then shipped to France in 1918 with the rest of the division for final combat training and then to the front. In September 1918, the 36th Division was attached to the French Fifth Army. The regiment participated in Meuse-Argonne Offensive from 7–28 October 1918.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, World War II
The 36th Infantry Division was mobilized on 25 November 1940 at Camp Bowie, including the 143d Infantry. It was shipped to Algeria in early 1943.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, World War II, Salerno & Liri Valley, Italy
The 143d participated in the landing at Salerno, Italy and continued to fight in Italy during the campaign in the Liri Valley from September 1943 to early 1944. Significant engagements included the Battle of San Pietro and the Rapido River crossing.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, World War II, Anzio
The regiment was landed to reinforce the Fifth Army on 19 May 1944. It then participated in the breakout and movement to Rome where they were halted by orders to allow other units to catch up.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, World War II, Southern France
As part of the 36th Division, the 143d landed in Southern France in August 1944. The 22, the IIIrd Battalion releases Grenoble "Capital of the Alps". Moving forward with the 141st Infantry, the regiment was part of the bottleneck that formed the Colmar Pocket. This resulted in the destruction of the German 19th Army.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, World War II, Vosges, France and Germany
The 143d concluded its combat with actions in Vosges, France and southern Germany. There was a significant battle near Weikersheim, Germany. The regiment then breached the Siegfried Line and moved forward as far as the Rhine river.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, War On Drugs / Southern Border Operations
The 143rd's LRS teams participated in southern border operations on active duty as part of Texas Task Force 1, Operation Unity, and Operation Plus-Up.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service, Global War on Terror, Afghanistan
The 143d was mobilized the day after Thanksgiving in 2011. It conducted mobilization training at Camp Atterbury, Indiana, and deployed to Afghanistan in February 2012 to conduct missions in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. The primary mission of the 143d was service as security forces for Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) throughout the country. Headquarters and Headquarters Company was assigned to the capital city, Kabul, helping to secure and manage the operation of multiple bases in the area.


143rd Infantry Regiment (United States), Notable Awards / Commendations, Distinguished Service Cross
The following unit members were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross:


143rd New York Infantry Regiment
The 143rd New York Infantry Regiment (a.k.a. "Sullivan County Regiment") was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 143rd New York Infantry was organized at Monticello, New York, beginning August 14, 1862 and mustered in for three years service on October 8, 1862 under the command of Colonel David P. DeWitt.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 3rd Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, Defenses of Washington, D.C., to February 1863. 3rd Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, XXII Corps, Department of Washington, to April 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, VII Corps, Department of Virginia, to May 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IV Corps, to July, 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1863, and Army of the Cumberland to April 1864. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to July 1865.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 143rd New York Infantry mustered out July 20, 1865.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty in the defenses of Washington, D. C. until April.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
June 24 -- July 7: Dix's Campaign on the Peninsula.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
July 13 -- 22: Pursuit of Lee to Berlin, Md.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
October 25 -- 29: March along line of Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad to Lookout Valley, Tenn.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
November 28 -- December 17: March to the relief of Knoxville.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
May 26 -- June 5: Battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
June 10 -- July 2: Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
August 26 -- September 2: Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
October 26 -- 29: Expedition from Atlanta to Tuckum's Cross Roads.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
April 29 -- May 20: Surrender of Johnston and his army. Marched to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va.


143rd New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 220 men during service; 5 officers and 37 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 177 enlisted men died of disease.


143rd New York State Legislature
The 143rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to September 1920, during the second year of Al Smith's governorship, in Albany.


143rd New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


143rd New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Socialist Party also nominated tickets.


143rd New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1919, was held on November 4. No statewide elective offices were up for election. Two women were elected to the State Assembly: Elizabeth V. Gillette (Dem. ), a physician, of Schenectady; and Marguerite L. Smith (Rep.), an athletics teacher, of Harlem.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 7, 1920. Thaddeus C. Sweet (R) was re-elected Speaker.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
At the beginning of the session, the five Socialist assemblymen were suspended by Speaker Sweet, pending a trial before the Assembly Committee on the Judiciary to determine whether they were fit to take their seats. Charles Evans Hughes (Rep.) and Governor Al Smith (Dem.) condemned Speaker Sweet and the Republican majority for taking this course of action.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
On March 30, a majority of 7 members of the 13-member Judiciary Committee recommended the expulsion the five Socialists. Minority reports recommended the seating of all or part of the Socialist assemblymen.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
In the early morning of April 1, the five Socialist assemblymen were expelled.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature adjourned at 2 a.m. on Sunday morning, April 25, after a session of 37 hours. During this last session, Marguerite L. Smith occupied for about half an hour the Speaker's chair.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
On August 12, Gov. Al Smith called a special session of the Legislature for September 20, and ordered special elections to be held on September 16 to fill the vacancies caused by the expulsion of the Socialist members. The session was called to consider the housing situation in New York City.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
On September 16, all five Socialists were re-elected to the Assembly.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for a special session at the State Capitol in Albany on September 20, 1920.


143rd New York State Legislature, Sessions
On September 21, Claessens, Solomon and Waldman were again expelled, while DeWitt and Orr were permitted by a majority vote to take their seats. However, DeWitt and Orr resigned their seats in protest against the ouster of their three comrades.


143rd New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


143rd New York State Legislature, State Assembly
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 143rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 143rd OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 143rd Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in May 12, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel William H. Vodrey.


143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment left Ohio for Washington, D.C., May 15. Served guard duty at Fort Slemmer, Fort Totten, Fort Slocum, and Fort Stevens, attached to 1st Brigade, Haskins' Division, XXII Corps, until June 8. Moved to White House Landing June 8, then to Bermuda Hundred. Assigned to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, X Corps, Army of the James. Served duty in the trenches at Bermuda Hundred, City Point, and Fort Pocahontas until August 29.


143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 143rd Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 13, 1864, at Camp Chase.


143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


143rd Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost 32 enlisted men during service, all due to disease. Private James M Roudebush died 23 Jul 1864


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 143rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 143rd Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and mustered in for a three year enlistment on October 18, 1862 under the command of Colonel Edmund Lovell Dana.


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, Defenses of Washington, north of the Potomac River, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps, Army of the Potomac, to December 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, I Corps, to March 1864. 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, V Corps, to June 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, to September 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, V Corps, to February 1865. Hart's Island, New York Harbor, Department of the East, to June 1865.


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left Pennsylvania for Washington, D.C., November 7, and served duty in the defenses of that city until January 17, 1863. Ordered to join the Army of the Potomac in the field January 1863. Duty at Belle Plains, Va., until April 27. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Operations at Pollock's Mill Creek April 29-May 2. Battle of Chancellorsville May 2-5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3. Pursuit of Lee July 5-24. Duty at Bealeton Station until October. Bristoe Campaign October 9-22. Haymarket October 19. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7-8.


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Warrenton November 7. Guard at Manassas Junction November 22-December 5. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6-7, 1864. Duty near Culpeper until May. Rapidan Campaign May 4-June 12. Battle of the Wilderness May 5-7. Laurel Hill May 8. Spotsylvania May 8-12. Spotsylvania Court House May 12-21. Assault on the Salient May 12. North Anna River May 23-26. Jericho Ford May 25. On line of the Pamunkey May 26-28. Totopotomoy May 28-31. Cold Harbor June 1-12. Bethesda Church June 1-3. Before Petersburg June 16-18. Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864 to February 10, 1865. Mine Explosion July 30, 1864 (reserve).


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Weldon Railroad August 18-21. Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27-28. Warren's Raid to Weldon Railroad December 7-12. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5-7, 1865. Ordered to New York February 10. Assigned to duty at Hart's Island, New York Harbor, guarding prison camp, and escorting recruits and convalescents to the front until June.


143rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 303 men during service; 8 officers and 143 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 150 enlisted men died of disease.


143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
The 143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (9th Lancashire Fusiliers) (143 RAC) was a short-lived armoured regiment of the British Army's Royal Armoured Corps during World War II.


143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Origin
143rd Regiment RAC was formed on 1 November 1941 by the conversion to the armoured role of 9th Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers, a hostilities-only infantry battalion raised in 1940. 9th Lancashire Fusiliers had been serving in 125th Infantry Brigade of 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division, which were redesignated 10th Armoured Brigade and 42nd Armoured Division respectively. All three regiments in the brigade were drawn from the Lancashire Fusiliers and underwent simultaneous conversion to armour (the other two became 108 RAC and 109 RAC respectively).


143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, Origin
In common with other infantry units transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, all personnel would have continued to wear their Lancashire Fusiliers cap badge on the black beret of the RAC. Surplus personnel were posted to 15th and 44th Reconnaissance Battalions or to 2/5th and 2/6th battalions of the Lancashire Fusiliers. In common with the other units of 10th Armoured Bde, 143 RAC maintained Lancashire Fusilier traditions, celebrating Minden Day on 1 August each year.


143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History
In May–June 1942, 10th Armoured Bde (later 10th Tank Bde) became an independent formation, and moved from Barnard Castle, County Durham, to 'The Dukeries' area of Nottinghamshire to continue tank training. 143 RAC was based at Thoresby Hall and operated Churchill infantry tanks, later receiving some Covenanter cruiser tanks from the Guards Armoured Division as well.


143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, History
By the end of 1942, large numbers of 143 RAC's trained officers and men were being posted overseas. During 1943, 10th Tank Brigade became a holding and training formation for replacements. In August 1943, rumours began to circulate that 10th Tank Brigade was scheduled for disbandment, and a recruiting team arrived to persuade men to volunteer for the Parachute Regiment if the brigade disbanded. The brigade moved to Wensleydale in September 1943, with 143 RAC based at Hawes, but soon afterwards began to disperse. During December, officers and men were posted from 143 RAC to drafts and training regiments, many specialists going to the Royal Army Service Corps, Royal Army Ordnance Corps etc. Formal disbandment of 143rd Regiment RAC (9th Lancashire Fusiliers) was completed on 31 December 1943.


143rd Street station
143rd Street was a station on the demolished IRT Third Avenue Line in the Bronx, New York City. It was originally opened on May 23, 1886, by the Suburban Rapid Transit Company, one week after replacing the recently opened 133rd Street station as the northern terminus of the Third Avenue Line. This station had two tracks and one island platform, and was also served by trains of the IRT Second Avenue Line until June 11, 1940. This station closed on May 12, 1955, with the ending of all service on the Third Avenue El south of 149th Street.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)
The 143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)(formerly: 143rd Transportation Command), is one of seven general officer sustainment commands in the United States Army Reserve. It has command and control of more than 10,000 Army Reserve Soldiers throughout the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi. It is made up of more than 100 Army Reserve units whose missions are diverse and logistical in nature.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)
The mission of the 143rd ESC is to provide command and control of sustainment forces and to conduct sustainment, deployment, redeployment and retrograde operations in support of U.S. and multinational forces. The mission of the 143rd when not deployed is to ensure readiness of the soldiers under its command and control.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)
The ESC is a peacetime subordinate to the 377th Theater Sustainment Command.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
The 143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) [referred to as an ESC] was originally constituted as the 143rd Transportation Command 24 November 1967 in the Army Reserve and activated 2 January 1968 in Orlando, Florida. It was reorganized and redesignated 16 October 1985 as the 143d Transportation Command. From 2003 to 2007, the 143d Transportation Command maintained a continuous presence in Southwest Asia in support of US Military Units engaged in Operations ENDURING FREEDOM and IRAQI FREEDOM.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
In a ceremony 17 September 2007, the 143rd Transportation Command cased its command colors for the last time signifying the end of the unit's era as a major transportation command headquarters. Immediately following, the new 143rd ESC Commanding General, Brigadier General Daniel I. Schultz, uncased the 143rd ESC colors, signifying the standup of this new logistics headquarters and the start of a new era for the 143rd.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
Six months after the transition ceremony the 143rd ESC received a Department of the Army warning order for mobilization and deployment of the 143rd headquarters. Since receipt of the warning order, the 143rd ESC prepared for deployment by completing various Soldier readiness activities including soldier readiness processing, a sustainment training exercise conducted at Ft. Lee, Virginia and warrior training at the Regional Training Center, Ft. Hunter Liggett, California.


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
On 9 January 2009, the 143rd ESC deployed in support of the troop buildup in Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. The 143rd's deployment is the first time an ESC has deployed to Afghanistan. The mission of the 143d ESC during this deployment is to provide command and control of assigned forces, and to conduct sustainment, deployment, redeployment and retrograde operations in support of U.S. and multinational forces in the U.S. Central Command area of operations. In December 2009 the 143rd ESC turned over command of the Joint Sustainment Command-Afghanistan to the 135th Sustainment Command (Expeditionary).


143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
In June 2013, the 143rd ESC once again mobilized in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and deployed 265 Soldiers to Kuwait and Afghanistan in support of the 1st Theater Sustainment Command and operations in the US Central Command area of operations. The unit assumed responsibility for operational sustainment in the ARCENT AOR in October 2013 from the 135th Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), and served as the senior operational sustainment headquarters in Kuwait until May 2014, when the unit redeployed, having transferred responsibility for operational sustainment to the 1st Sustainment Command (Theater).


143rd meridian east
The 143rd meridian east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


143rd meridian east
The 143rd meridian east forms a great circle with the 37th meridian west.


143rd meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 143rd meridian east passes through:


143rd meridian west
The meridian 143° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


143rd meridian west
The 143rd meridian west line forms a great circle with the 37th meridian east.


143rd meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 143rd meridian west passes through:


144 (film)
144 is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language heist comedy film directed by G. Manikandan and produced by C. V. Kumar, starring Shiva, Ashok Selvan, Oviya and Shruthi Ramakrishnan in the leading roles. The film's plot is partially inspired by the novel Vasanthakaala Kutrangal written by Sujatha.


144 (film), Production
The film was launched by producer C. V. Kumar with new director Manikandan, and it began shooting in February 2015, with a principal cast of Shiva, Ashok Selvan, Oviya and Sruthi Ramakrishnan. The team shot scenes in Madurai, with Ashok Selvan portraying an illegal car racer. After a single long filming schedule, the film was announced to be nearing completion by April 2015.


144 (film), Soundtrack
Music and soundtracks were composed by Sean Roldan. The soundtrack features six songs, the lyrics for which were written by Kabilan, Sean Roldan, Vivek, Karaikudi and Bharathi Ganesan. Behindwoods rated the album 2.5 out of 5 and called it "An album laced with good energy and fun moments, but falls short of the expectations from a Sean Roldan fare."


144 (film), Critical reception
M. Suganth of The Times of India rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote, "You could also call it Mundasupatti-meets-Rajathandhiram and you wouldn't be wrong as like that crime caper, it also about a gold heist that involves an elaborate set-up and planning. But the filmmaking is more Mundasupatti, with noticeable rough edges that keep reminding us that this is a first-timer's film and lacks the sophistication (it is an exposition-filled film) of both Soodhu Kavvum and Rajathandhiram." Baradwaj Rangan of the Hindu called it "A shaky start, but lots of laughs later"


144 (number)
144 (one hundred [and] forty-four) is the natural number following 143 and preceding 145. 144 is a dozen dozens, or one gross.


144 (number), In mathematics
144 is the twelfth Fibonacci number, and the largest one to also be a square, as the square of 12 (which is also its index in the Fibonacci sequence), following 89 and preceding 233.


144 (number), In mathematics
144 is the smallest number with exactly 15 divisors, but it is not highly composite since the smaller number 120 has 16 divisors.


144 (number), In mathematics
144 is divisible by the value of its φ function, which returns 48 in this case. Also, there are 21 solutions to the equation φ(x) = 144, more than any integer below 144, making it a highly totient number.


144 (number), In mathematics
1445 = 275 + 845 + 1105 + 1335, the smallest number whose fifth power is a sum of four (smaller) fifth powers. This solution was found in 1966 by L. J. Lander and T. R. Parkin, and disproved Euler's sum of powers conjecture.


144 (number), In mathematics
The maximum determinant in a 9 by 9 matrix of zeroes and ones is 144.


144 (number), In mathematics
144 is in base 10 a sum-product number, as well as a Harshad number. 144 is the sum of a twin prime pair (71 + 73)


144 BC
Year 144 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Galba and Cotta (or, less frequently, year 610 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 144 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


144 Edward Street, Brisbane
144 Edward Street, Brisbane is a high-rise office tower located on the corner of Edward and Charlotte streets in the central business district (CBD) of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The tower was designed in 1978 and constructed in 1980 as the National Mutual Centre, successively renamed the Axa Australia Centre and 144 Edward Street, Brisbane, is now owned by Precision Group, a private property investment and management company in Sydney. It stands now at 82 meters, covers 16,097 square metres, 26 floors (above ground) and 75 car parks spread on two basement levels.


144 Edward Street, Brisbane, History
In the late 1970s, the National Mutual Life Association of Australasia appointed Conrad Gargett & Partners Architects,  Connell Hagenbach structural engineers and Norman Disney & Young building services engineers, to design the tower in the late 20th century International Style and named it the National Mutual Centre upon completion in 1980. Then, National Mutual moved to 144 Edward Street during the height of the battle between National Mutual and AMP for dominance of the Australian life insurance market. In 1999, Axa took control of the National Mutual Centre [1][2] and renamed it Axa Asia Pacific.


144 Edward Street, Brisbane, History
As a result, the tower became the Axa Australia Centre in Brisbane. Three years later, Deutsche Diversified Trust (DDT) acquired the building as part of the Deutsche Bank's acquisition of Axa Asia Pacific's property funds management enterprise in 2001. Finally, Precision Group purchased the tower from DDT for $44.65 million in 2002.


144 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 144 Squadron "Blackite" of the Republic of Singapore Air Force was a fighter-bomber squadron based at Paya Lebar Air Base, the squadron goes by the motto "Dare To Excel" with the black kite adopted as its mascot.