13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
The brigade, with the rest of 5th Infantry Division, fought in the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Italian Campaign where Sergeant Maurice Albert Windham Rogers of the 2nd Battalion, Wiltshire Regiment was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross in 1944, the first and only VC to be awarded to the brigade and division during the Second World War.


13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
In 1945 the 5th Infantry Division was transferred to the British Second Army participate in the final stages of the North West Europe Campaign where they invaded Germany.


13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War
The brigade was part of the 5th Division throughout the Second World War.


13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War, Order of battle
The 13th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:


13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Second World War, Order of battle
Between 23 April and 19 May 1942 the following units were under command of the brigade for operations in Madagascar:


13th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), Commanders
The following officers commanded the 13th Brigade during its existence:


13th Infantry Division "Re"
The 13th Infantry Division "Re" (Italian: 13ª Divisione fanteria "Re") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Re was formed in June 1939 in Friuli and entitled to the King (Italian: Re). After the Armistice of Cassibile some units of the division participated in the defense of Rome during Operation Achse.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions
Division Re was deployed with security duties 10 June 1940, in Cerkno - Idrija - Črni Vrh, Idrija - Most na Soči region. It remained in area until 28 March 1941, than it was assigned to the front line with the defensive duty. When the Invasion of Yugoslavia has started 6 April 1941, the Re division has rapidly captured Stregna. From 6 April 1941 until 10 April 1941, it overcome the heavy resistance at Ravnik pri Hotedršici to capture Ledine, Idrija and Pečnik. 11 April 1941, the Yugoslavian resistance has collapsed, and Re division was able to capture Žiri and Goropeke. 14 April 1941, the "Re" division has entered Ljubjana.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions, Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia
From May, 1941, it was transferred to an occupation force in Croatia. The battles with Yugoslav Partisans of increasing intensity were fought in November–December 1941 at Štirovača forest, Divoselo (Croatia), and Žuta Lokva, resulting ultimately in the Battle of the Neretva. It was fought initially at Gospić, Otočac and Bihać. The Yugoslav Partisans has launched a major assault on Korenica and Udbina from 2 January until 15 January 1942. These attacks were fended off by division Re, and in February–March, 1942, it participated in the mopping-up operation in the same area.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions, Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia
The culmination of Battle of the Neretva for division Re was the Operation K, between 23 – 28 March 1942, carried out over six days by the Italian V Corps. The objective was to break through to and relieve the surrounded garrisons in Titova Korenica, Udbina and Donji Lapac the operation was successful and the division suffered only light casualties. In April, 1942, the Yugoslav Partisans has launched an assault on Mogorić and Bihać. Pressure was such what he garrison of Bihać had to be  evacuated in June, 1942. All lost positions were recovered by the end of June, 1942, after fierce fighting.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions, Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia
From July, 1942, the Re division was transferred to Slovenia border to help in mopping-up. Operation Provincia di Lubiana between 12 July – 7 August 1942, was an anti-partisan operation to clear Partisans from the mountainous area north west of Delnice near the border with Slovenia. The objective was to destroy their supply bases and alienate the local population against the partisans. The operation was part of a larger anti-partisan operation. The Division carried out a scorched earth campaign by destroying the local harvest, burning 1,000 homes.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions, Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia
They were also involved in the murder of 200 civilians and interning another 2,500 men and women in a concentration camp. In August, 1942, the fighting has continued near Križpolje and Markovac hills near Dubica, Bosnia-Herzegovina. In September, 1942, further fighting has happened in Saborsko municipality near Lička Jesenica village, and in Plaški, Dabar, Lika-Senj County, Lešće (near Otočac). In October, 1942, the Re division have stormed a major partisan camp at Krš, Croatia. Further defensive battles has continued between Gračac and Medak, Croatia to defend a railroad line Ogulin-Split, Croatia.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions, Anti-Partisan Operations in Croatia
In January, 1943 the battle with Yugoslav Partisans has continued in Kapela Korenička, Croatia. In February - March, 1943, the focus of fighting has shifted to Jelovi vrh in Lika-Senj County and to Pavlovačka Draga in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Afterward, the intensity of fighting was reduced, and the division Re was ordered to return to Italy 28 August 1943.


13th Infantry Division "Re", Actions, Back to Italy
The division Re was officially dissolved on 8 September 1943, but some divisional sub-units participated in defence of Rome 8–10 September 1943. All units and sub-units of the division eventually surrendered to the Germans.


13th Infantry Division "Re", CROWCASS
The names of three Italian men attached to the 'Re' Division can be found in the CROWCASS List established by the Anglo-American Allies of the individuals wanted by Yugoslavia for war crimes.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium)
The 13th Infantry Division (13de Infanterie Divisie) was an infantry division of the Belgian Army that fought in the Battle of Belgium against the Wehrmacht during the Second World War.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
Like the 15th Division, part of the same IV Corps, the 18th was composed entirely of regiments of the older reserve. As such, it mostly lacked heavy weaponry such as AA guns and anti-tank artillery. Its infantry units were equipped with antiquated weapons of World War One vintage. Therefore, the 18th was, at the start of the campaign deployed alongside the canal of Schoten-Dessel as a covering force for the Albert Canal line. Even in this role, the entire division was deemed to strong, so that one infantry regiment (the 3rd Grenadiers) was transferred to the coast and another was used as reserve for the Corps. Some mobile units from other formations were attached to make it fit for a more mobile role.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
At the start of hostilities, the 18th was supposed to blow the bridges of the Schoten-Dessel Canal to slow down the German advance. But when the war started on may 10th, General Six got word the French 7th Army would pass through its sector to assist the Dutch. Still, the bridges east of Turnhout were destroyed, much to the dismay of the French, who would arrive by the evening at the canal.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
Due to the arrival of the French, the 18th Division was ordered to stay longer at the canal then planned. As the 7th Army deployed, General Six was to co-ordinate his efforts with those of the French. At the same time, the first German scouts crossed the Dutch border into Belgium.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
First contact was made by the 3rd Carabiniers near Arendonk on the 12th. Meanwhile, General Six found out the bridges over the Albert Canal were blown up, effectively cutting his prepared lines of retreat. By the 13th the 3rd Carabiniers were engaged in a pitched battle at the Schoten-Dessel Canal. By nightfall, the order for a general retreat to the Antwerp position was given. One battalion of the 3rd did not receive the orders in time and was largely captured.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
After breakthrough at Sedan, orders came for a second retreat towards Ghent. There, it was to take position between Oostakker and Destelbergen, effectively covering the eastern approaches to the city. By that time, there were signs discipline was starting to fray.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
At the 21st, the 39th was engaged for the first time against German scouts. But the following day, as the Germans reached the English Channel, orders came for yet another retreat towards the Lys River.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
Again the weaker 18th was to play a covering role, taking position in Ghent itself. While the 3rd and the 39th took op position, the Germans send several negotiators under the cover of a white flag to demand the surrender of the city. Egged on by unwilling city-dwellers and local police officers, several units of these regiments surrendered en masse, defying the orders of their superior officers. Only a few battalions of each regiment conducted a retreat to the Lys river.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
Still, due to the breakthrough of the Germans at the Lys near Kortrijk, the weakened 18th was ordered into action at the former sector of the 9th Division near Ursel. Parts of that Division were withdrawn in an attempt to contain that breakthrough. As the 18th took up position next to the 7th  Chasseurs, it quickly came under sustained artillery fire suggesting the Germans would soon attack their sector in force, too.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
On the 26th of may, that attack came indeed. By noon, the Germans gained a foothold on the Belgian side of the Lys canal and pressed on towards Maldegem. An attempt at counterattack by the remaining 39th was easily stopped in its tracks by the quick German advance. By the end of the day what was left of the Division pulled back to Maldegem where a last ditch defense of the town followed.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), World War Two
By the Belgian surrender on the 28th of May, at least 101 officers, NCO and enlisted were killed in action.


13th Infantry Division (Belgium), Structure 1940
Structure of the division at the eve of the Battle of Belgium:


13th Infantry Division (Greece)
The 13th Infantry Division (Greek: XIII Μεραρχία Πεζικού, XIII ΜΠ; XIII Merarchia Pezikou, XIII MP) was an infantry division of the Hellenic Army.


13th Infantry Division (Greece)
The 13th Infantry Division was established in December 1913, during the reorganization of the Hellenic Army that followed the Balkan Wars. Its headquarters was at Chalkis in central Greece, comprising the 2nd and 3rd infantry regiments, as well as the 5/42 Evzone Regiment. The division formed part of the Athens-based I Army Corps. As a result of the National Schism, the division was disbanded in 1916.


13th Infantry Division (Greece)
As part of the reconstituted I Corps, the division fought in the Strymon River sector of the Macedonian Front during the final stages of World War I, in the summer of 1918. In early 1919, the division formed part of the Greek expeditionary force sent to support the Allied intervention in Southern Russia. After being withdrawn from Russia, in June 1919 the division was sent along with the rest of I Corps to take up occupation duties in the Smyrna Zone. The division was headquartered at Manisa. It participated in all subsequent operations of the Asia Minor Campaign in 1920–1922.


13th Infantry Division (Greece)
In the interwar period, due to the reduction in the size of the army, the division was disbanded, until the December 1939 changes to the mobilization plan, which re-established the 13th Division at Mytilene, in the eastern Aegean island of Lesbos, under the V Army Corps. During the Greco-Italian War of 1940–41, the 13th Division fought as part of the III Army Corps and the Western Macedonia Army Section. With the capitulation of the Greek army following the German invasion of Greece in April 1941, the division was disbanded.


13th Infantry Division (Poland)
13th Kresy Infantry Division (Polish: 13 Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty French: 13e Division d'Infanterie de Kresy) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. Its origins go back to the World War I, when in June 1918 the 1st Division of Polish Rifles (1 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich, 1re Division de Fusils Polonais) was formed in the French town of Villers-Marmery. On July 8, 1918, the Division consisted of 227 officers and 10.000 soldiers, and it had been planned to be used in French attack on the German town of Saarbrücken, in the fall of 1918. Armistice, signed in November 1918, changed those plans.


13th Infantry Division (Poland)
On September 9, 1919, the unit, after having been transformed to Poland, was renamed by Józef Piłsudski into 13th Infantry Division. Soon afterwards, it took part in the Polish-Soviet War, after which it was garrisoned in Rowne and other Volhynian towns, such as Dubno, Brody, Lutsk and Wlodzimierz Wolynski.


13th Infantry Division (Poland), Invasion of Poland
The Division, under Colonel Wladyslaw Zubosz-Kalinski, was mobilised on August 14 and 15, 1939. A few days later it was transported by rail to the area of Bydgoszcz, where it became part of the Prusy Army and was transferred south, near the central Poland's rail junction of Koluszki. There, it remained as a rear unit, the last Polish division defending access to Warsaw. On September 6–7 it was engaged in bitter fights with German XVI Armored Corps of General Erich Hoepner. With help from Luftwaffe, units of the German 4th Armored Division managed to break through Polish positions and capture Tomaszów Mazowiecki. During the night of September 7–8, most of the soldiers of the 13th Infantry Division panicked and deserted, those who remained, managed to cross the Vistula on September 11.


13th Infantry Division (Poland), Invasion of Poland
On the eastern shore of the river, the Division's remnants were recreated by Colonel Waclaw Szalewicz and renamed as the 13th Infantry Brigade. This unit fought German 7th Infantry Division near Przemyśl and Jarosław. The 2000 soldiers of the recreated division that remained in central Poland tried to fight their way towards besieged Warsaw, but were stopped by the Wehrmacht during a night battle in Falenica, a suburb of Warsaw, on September 19, 1939. Only 150 soldiers of the division were able to reach the capital of Poland, before it capitulated.


13th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
The 13th Infantry Division (Russian: 13-я пехотная дивизия, 13-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Sevastopol in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.


13th Infantry Division (Russian Empire), Organization
The 13th Infantry Division was part of the 7th Army Corps.


13th Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:56, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


13th Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 13th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. The regiment was attached to the 6th Infantry Brigade of the 6th Division and participated during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regiment fought in the later stages of World War II, assigned to the Japanese Seventeenth Army at Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland)
13th Children of Krakow Infantry Regiment (Polish language: 13 Pulk Piechoty Dzieci Krakowa, 13 pp) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army. It existed from 1918 until 1939. Garrisoned first in Krakow, then in Krzemieniec and in 1921 - 1939 in Pultusk, the unit belonged to the 8th Infantry Division from Modlin.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
The regiment was formed on November 7, 1918, in the village of Madefalda, located in Hungarian Transilvania. On that day, soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian 13th Infantry Regiment, which consisted mostly of ethnic Poles (80%), decided to turn their unit into the 13th Polish Infantry Regiment.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
On November 13, the unit reached Krakow by rail, without its weapons and food, which had been taken from them by the Czechs and the Hungarians. At the same time, reserve battalion of the Austro-Hungarian 13th Infantry Regiment, stationed in Olomouc, also pledged its allegiance to the newly restored Poland, and brought to Krakow its money, weapons, ammunition and uniforms.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Beginnings
Following the order of the Polish Military Command of Krakow (Polska Komenda Wojskowa), the 8th Infantry Regiment, consisting of Poles who had served in Austro-Hungarian forces, was formed in mid-November 1918. The new unit took the barracks of King Jan III Sobieski, and pledged allegiance to Poland in late November in Wawel Castle. On February 8, 1919, the regiment, renamed into the 13th Infantry Regiment, was sent to Lwow, to fight in the Polish-Ukrainian War.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Wars of 1919 - 1921
During the Polish-Soviet War, the regiment, which belonged to the 8th Infantry Division, was part of the XV Infantry Brigade. On August 14, 1920, it attacked Soviet positions near Ossow (see Battle of Ossow).


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Wars of 1919 - 1921
On September 16, 1920, the regiment, commanded by Captain Jan Gabrys, fought in the Battle of Dytiatyn, known in Polish as Thermopylae. Out of approximately 200 soldiers who defended Hill 385, 97 were killed, and another 86 were wounded. In 1930, a church monument was built in the location of the tomb of the soldiers of the regiment. The church was destroyed by Soviet authorities after 1945.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Second Polish Republic
After the war, the regiment was briefly stationed in Lubar, to be transferred to Krzemieniec, on December 2, 1920. In March 1921, it was moved to its permanent location at Pultusk. During the 1926 May Coup (Poland), it supported the forces of Jozef Pilsudski.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Second Polish Republic
Mobilized in August 1939, the regiment was part of its 8th Infantry Division, Modlin Army, and initially fought in the area of Pultusk.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Symbols
The flag, funded by the residents of the Counties of Pultusk and Makow Mazowiecki, was handed to the regiment on November 3, 1923 in Pultusk, by President Stanislaw Wojciechowski.


13th Infantry Regiment (Poland), Symbols
The badge was approved in October 1928. It was in the shape of the cross, with a silver Polish Eagle, and the inscription 13 PP.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 13th Infantry Regiment ("First at Vicksburg") is a United States Army infantry regiment whose battalions are currently tasked as basic training battalions.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
During the first post-war expansion of the United States Army following independence, a 13th Regiment of Infantry was formed on 16 July 1798, and was mustered out 11 January 1800. The second 13th Infantry was constituted 11 January 1812. Following the War of 1812 the 13th Infantry was consolidated on 7 May 1815, with the 4th, 9th, 21st, 40th, and 46th Regiments into a new 5th Infantry Regiment whose lineage continues to the present.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
A new, third 13th Infantry Regiment was constituted in May 1861 when the Army expanded the Regular Army during the Civil War. General William Tecumseh Sherman was the colonel of the regiment and Philip Sheridan was one of its captains. It was organized as one of the nine "three-battalion" regiments of regulars, each battalion containing eight companies of infantry, in contrast to the original ten regular regiments of infantry, which were organized on the traditional ten-company line.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
During the American Civil War, the unit earned its motto "First at Vicksburg". It participated in the battles of Hayes Bluffs, Champion Hill, Black River, and on 19 May 1863 took part in the assault at Vicksburg. The 13th Regiment was the only Union unit to plant its colors on the Confederate positions.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
Following the Civil War, the army was reorganized by Congress in July 1866, and the 13th was divided into three regiments, each battalion receiving two additional companies and being organized along traditional lines. The 1st Battalion retained the designation of the 13th Infantry, while the 2nd Battalion became the 22nd Infantry and the 3rd Battalion the 31st Infantry.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
From 1867–71 the regiment fought in the Indian Wars in Montana and North Dakota.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
In 1897 the 13th US Infantry had been filmed at Fort Jay on Governors Island, New York where they were posted in the years before World War I.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
In June 1898 the regiment was sent to Cuba and led the 1st Infantry's attack on San Juan Hill, capturing the Spanish flag. Major William Auman was the first commanding officer to reach the top of San Juan Hill.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
The regiment saw combat in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War, and was assigned to the 8th Infantry Division in June 1918. As a member of this organization, the regiment did not participate in World War I.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
In 1939 the regiment was ordered to the Panama Canal Zone and a year later, after having been disbanded, was reconstituted at Camp Jackson, South Carolina. The regiment found itself fighting through the hedgerows of France in July 1944 as a member of the 8th Infantry Division and led the drive to the Aa River. The regiment spent ten months in combat in Normandy, Northern France, The Rhineland and Central Europe. It occupied a position on the Siegfried Line and was involved in the Battle for Brest and the Battle of Hurtgen Forest. Private First Class Walter C. Wetzel was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for sacrificing his life to save his comrades.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
Following World War II the unit was inactivated at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri on 18 November 1945. On 17 August 1949 the regiment was activated once again at Fort Jackson, South Carolina as part of the 8th Infantry Division where it remained until 1 August 1954. The 8th Infantry Division was transferred to Fort Carson, Colorado and the 13th went with it where it resumed its training mission. In 1955 the 8th ID was designated an Operation Gyroscope division and as part of the division the 13th completed its last training cycle in December, 1955.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
In January the regiment began to get permanent party personnel and new recruits,  Basic training for these recruits began in mid February and segued immediately into advanced training. Both training blocks were completed by mid June and the regiment achieved "combat ready" status. The regiment under the command of Ellis W. Williamson left Fort Carson for its new assignment in Germany where it replaced the 47th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division. Regimental headquarters and the 3rd Battalion were stationed at Wiley Barracks in Neu Ulm.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
In August 1957 the regiment was reorganised under the Pentomic system as the 1st Battle Group, 13th Infantry Regiment and the old guidons (for A through M companies) were retired and new ones for the 1st Battle Group were issued. In January, 1958 the 1st Battle Group, 13th Infantry Regiment moved from Neu Ulm to Sandhofen. The First Battalion was posted to Baumholder whilst the Second Battalion was posted to Mannheim and remained there until 1 August 1984 when it was inactivated and relieved from assignment to the 8th Infantry Division.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
On 27 February 1988, the 13th Infantry Regiment was transferred to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command and reorganized at Fort Jackson, South Carolina.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), History
Currently, the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions of the 13th Infantry Regiment, as part of the 193d Infantry Brigade, conduct Basic Combat Training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina.


13th Infantry Regiment (United States), Forty Rounds
The regiment's motto started as a greeting by members of the unit during the American Civil War. A soldier of the 13th Regiment was asked what his Corps badge was. The Union Army XV Corps did not have a badge at this point yet, so the soldier replied by tapping his cartridge box saying "Forty rounds in the cartridge box and twenty in the pocket!". Later, the story came to the attention of General John A. Logan, who ordered a cartridge box with the lettering "40 rounds" to be used in the Corps insigna.


13th Intelligence Squadron
The 13th Intelligence Squadron (13 IS) is part of the 548th Intelligence Group at Beale Air Force Base. It is one of the exploitation units for the Lockheed U-2 (operated out of Beale AFB), MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper (operated out of Nellis, NV) and RQ-4 Global Hawk (operated by the 12th Reconnaissance Squadron, also at Beale AFB) unmanned aircraft conducting reconnaissance and surveillance missions.


13th Intelligence Squadron, Mission
The mission of the 13 IS is to operate Distributed Ground Station-2 (DGS-2), and conduct exploitation of intelligence data collected by the U-2 and Global Hawk and Predator unmanned aerial vehicles, while providing actionable, multisource combat intelligence to combatant commanders.


13th Intelligence Squadron, History
Activated in 1994, the 13th has exploited intelligence from the deployable, long-endurance RQ-4 Global Hawk (which is operated by the 12th Reconnaissance Squadron to fulfill training and operational requirements generated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in support of unified commanders and the Secretary of Defense).


13th Intelligence Squadron, History, Organization
The 13th Intelligence Squadron's history dates to the Second World War. Originally constituted on 1 February 1945, as the 13th Photographic Technical Unit at Maastricht, the Netherlands, in April 1945, the unit reported to France. In May 1945 following allied advances, the 13th reported to Germany where it was assigned to the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance Group. On 20 November 1945, at the close of World War II, the 13th was inactivated.


13th Intelligence Squadron, History, Organization
The unit was reactivated as the 13th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron on 10 April 1963 at Ton Son Nhut Airfield, Republic of Vietnam. The 13th conducted tactical reconnaissance photo-processing and exploitation focused on Vietnam. On 15 June 1967, the unit moved to Clark Air Base, Philippines until it was again inactivated on 15 June 1971.


13th Intelligence Squadron, History, Organization
In 1992, the 548th Air Intelligence Group (AIG), Detachment 1 was activated at Beale Air Force Base, California to prepare a site for the Contingency Airborne Reconnaissance System (CARS), Deployable Ground Station Two (DGS-2). On 29 September 1994, the 548th AIG, Det 1 was re-designated the 13th Intelligence Squadron. At that point, the unit was charged with conducting near-real-time imagery exploitation and all-source analysis of U-2 derived intelligence. Using state-of-the-art ground and satellite relays, DGS-2 crews pioneered the practice of "reach-back" collection, using sensors on board a U-2 aircraft operating half-way around the world as if they were virtually on board the aircraft.


13th Intelligence Squadron, History, Organization
In August 1995, the 13th IS, as part of DGS-2, supported Operation DELIBERATE FORCE, a brief NATO air campaign in the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina. In November 1995, DGS-2 participated in Operation JOINT GUARDIAN supporting multi-national peacekeeping forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Because of its outstanding performance, completing over 450 successful missions, the 13th Intelligence Squadron was awarded the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency's National Intelligence Meritorious Unit Citation for 1996 and 1997.


13th Intelligence Squadron, History, Organization
In January 1998, the 13th IS conducted the first Joint Chiefs of Staff operational tasking utilizing the Extended Tether Program (ETP) architecture. ETP provided DGS-2 with a worldwide, quickly deployable two-way satellite link to the U-2 aircraft. The operation, known as Operation BITTER DISTANT, was a counter-drug operation in the USSOUTHCOM area of operations.


13th Intelligence Squadron, History, Organization
In October 1998, DGS-2 began round-the-clock surveillance and reconnaissance operations to monitor the deteriorating situation in Kosovo. On 24 March 1999, NATO-led Operation ALLIED FORCE was launched with the aim of expelling Serbian forces from the province of Kosovo. DGS-2 participated in this operation for its duration, supporting 190 U-2 sorties over 78 days. In addition, DGS-2 conducted processing, exploitation, and dissemination for the Predator unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during the first combat employment of a UAV to laser designate targets for precision-guided munitions. DGS-2 is credited with the destruction of 39 SAM systems and 28 aircraft during this operation.


13th Intelligence Squadron, Awards and decorations
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Valor and 8 Oak Leaf Clusters


13th International Emmy Awards
The 13th Annual International Emmy Awards took place on November 28, 1985, in New York City, United States. The awards were presented by the International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.


13th International Emmy Awards, Ceremony
The Renowned producer David Attenborough and ABC Board Chairman Leonard Goldenson received special awards, while programs from the UK won four of the five categories at the 13th Annual International Emmy Awards.


13th International Emmy Awards, Ceremony
Only Das Boot, the German program which was nominated for six Oscars, broke the British dominations of the awards. Das Boot won as Outstanding drama series.


13th International Emmy Awards, Ceremony
Attenborough was presented the Founder's Award. The award has been presented only five times in 13 years. Goldenson received the Directorate "for lifetime of dedication to the pursuit of excelence in broadcasting."


13th International Emmy Awards, Ceremony
In addition to Das Boot, the winners in documentary category was 28 Up, and Omnibus: The Treble, in category performing arts. The winners were selected from 166 entries from 22 countries.


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment
The 13th Iowa Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Service
The 13th Iowa Infantry was organized at Davenport, Iowa, and mustered in for three years of Federal service  between October 18 and November 2, 1861. Its troops came primarily from the Iowa counties of Linn, Jasper, Marion, Lucas, Keokuk, Scott, Polk, Benton, Marshall and Washington.


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Iowa Brigade
After the battle of Shiloh, the Thirteenth Iowa was assigned to the Third Brigade of the Sixth Division. The Brigade was composed of the Eleventh, Thirteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth regiments of Iowa Infantry, and was under command of Colonel Crocker. This organization remained intact until the close of the war. Except when upon detached duty, the operations of each of the regiments were identified very largely with those of the brigade, and, therefore, the history of each of these four Iowa regiments is almost inseparably interwoven with that of the brigade.


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Capture of Columbia
On the 16th of February, 1865, the army, under General Sherman, came in sight of Columbia, South Carolina. Between the 17th corps and the city flowed the swift current of the Congaree River, with a rocky and dangerous channel. The sight of the capital of the state, where secession was cradled, and the state house where the first secession convention met, was calculated to stir to its depths the patriotic spirit of every soldier that looked upon them.


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Capture of Columbia
Col. Kennedy was undoubtedly the first man to suggest the possibility of crossing the stream and entering the city. He could have made the suggestion to no soldier more daring and enterprising than his brigade commander, Gen.Wm. W. Belknap, who approved of the attempt and ordered its execution.


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Capture of Columbia
The members of the 13th Iowa and the brigade have never claimed that they captured Columbia, but only that while the army was preparing to cross over the river on pontoons and in the usual and regular way take the city, these impetuous soldiers, without formal orders from army headquarters, but under orders from the orders and approval of their brigade commander, made a movement of their own, full of risk and daring, and gained the city first and planted their colors on both the old and new capital buildings."


13th Iowa Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The 13th Iowa mustered 1788 men at one time or another during its existence. It suffered 5 officers and 114 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 4 officers and 205 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 328 fatalities.


13th Irish Film & Television Awards
The 13th IFTA Film & Drama Awards took place at the Mansion House on 9 April 2016 in Dublin, honouring Irish film and television released in 2015. Deirdre O'Kane hosted the film awards ceremony.


13th Irish Film & Television Awards, Film Awards
The nominations for the IFTA Film & Drama Awards were announced on 14 March 2016.


13th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 13th Japan Film Professional Awards (第13回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) is the 13th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. It awarded the best of 2003 in film. The ceremony did not take place in this year.


13th Japan Record Awards
The 13th Annual Japan Record Awards took place at the Imperial Garden Theater in Chiyoda, Tokyo, on December 31, 1971, starting at 7:00PM JST. The primary ceremonies were televised in Japan on TBS.


13th Jutra Awards
The 13th Jutra Awards were held on March 13, 2011 to honour films made with the participation of the Quebec film industry in 2010. Nominations were announced on February 9.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment
The 13th Kansas Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment, Service
The 13th Kansas Infantry Regiment was organized on September 10, 1862, at Camp Stanton in Atchison, Kansas. It mustered in on September 20, 1862, for three years under the command of Colonel Thomas Mead Bowen.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Frontier, Department of Missouri, to February 1863. District of Southwest Missouri, Department of Missouri, to June 1863. District of the Frontier, Department of Missouri, to December 1863. 3rd Brigade, District of the Frontier, Department of Missouri, to January 1864. 3rd Brigade, District of the Frontier, VII Corps, Department of Arkansas, to February 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VII Corps, February 1865. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, VII Corps, February 1865. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, VII Corps, to June 1865.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment, Service
The 13th Kansas Infantry mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on June 26, 1865, and was discharged on July 13, 1865.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Action at Newtonia, Missouri, September 29, 1862. Occupation of Newtonia October 4. March to Old Fort Wayne, arriving October 29. Cane Hill November 28. Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, December 7. Expedition over Boston Mountains to Van Buren, Arkansas, Dec. 27-31. Capture of Van Buren December 29. March to Springfield, Missouri, January 7, 1863, and duty there until May. March to Fort Scott, Kansas, May 19–29, thence to Drywood, and duty there until August. Blunt's Campaign August 3–31. Capture of Fort Smith. To Webber Falls, Cherokee Nation, arriving August 31, and duty there until September 15.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
March to Scullyville, Cherokee Nation, and outpost and scout duty there until October 1. March to Van Buren, Arkansas, and duty there until February 1865. (Companies B, E, and F on garrison duty at Fort Smith March 1864 to February 1865.) Companies A, C, D, G, H, and I ordered to Little Rock February 3, 1865, and provost and garrison duty there until June 1865.


13th Kansas Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 129 men during service; 3 officers and 19 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 106 enlisted men died of disease.


13th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment
The 13th Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


13th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment, Service
The 13th Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9, 1864. It was disbanded on October 29, 1864.


13th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's raid. The regiment saw action at Byram's Ford, Big Blue, October 22. Westport October 23.


13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union)
The 13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was organized at Columbia, Kentucky and mustered in for one year on December 22, 1863, under the command of Colonel James W. Weatherford.


13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was attached to District of South Central Kentucky, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, Department of the Ohio, to January 1864. District of Southwest Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, District of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to July 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, District of Kentucky, to January 1865.


13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 13th Kentucky Cavalry mustered out of service at Camp Nelson on January 10, 1865.


13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Duty at Lebanon and protecting country south of Lebanon until June 1864. Cumberland River, Kentucky, November 26, 1863. Creelsborough and Celina December 7. Cumberland River March 19, 1864. Obey's River March 28 (detachment). Expedition to Obey's River April 18–20. Wolf River May 18. Operations against Morgan May 31-June 30. Cynthiana June 12. Liberty June 17. Canton and Roaring Springs August 22. At Camp Burnside August 26-September 16. Ordered to Mt. Sterling September 16. Burbridge's Expedition into southwest Virginia September 20-October 17. Saltville, Virginia, October 2. At Mt. Sterling, Lexington and Crab Orchard, Kentucky, until December 17. At Camp Nelson until January 10, 1865.


13th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 94 men during service; 1 officer and 9 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 83 enlisted men died of disease.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment
The 13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. A soldier from the 13th appears in the third chapter of MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Andersonville" (1955).


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Service
The 13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Hobson near Greensburg, Kentucky, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on December 10, 1861, under the command of Colonel Edward Henry Hobson.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 16th Brigade, Army of the Ohio, December 1861. 11th Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Ohio, to March 1862. 11th Brigade, 5th Division, Army of the Ohio, to September 1862. 11th Brigade, 5th Division, II Corps, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Left Wing, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to December 1862. District of West Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to August 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, to April 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, to June 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, to January 1865.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Service
The 13th Kentucky Infantry mustered out of service on January 12, 1865.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty on Green River, Ky., until February 1862. March to Bowling Green, Ky.; thence to Nashville, Tenn., February 15-March 8, and to Savannah, Tenn., March 18-April 6. Battle of Shiloh, April 7. Advance on and siege of Corinth, Miss., April 29-May 30. Pursuit to Booneville May 30-June 12. Buell's Campaign in northern Alabama and middle Tennessee June to August. March to Nashville, Tenn.; thence to Louisville, Ky., in pursuit of Bragg, August 21-September 26. Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1–22. Nelson's Cross Roads October 18. Duty at Munfordville and other points in Kentucky November 1862 to August 1863.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Operations against Morgan December 22, 1862, to January 2, 1863. Boston December 29, 1862. Burnside's march over Cumberland Mountains and campaign in eastern Tennessee August 16-October 17. At Loudon, Tenn., September 4 to November 14. Ruff's Ferry November 14. Near Loudon and Holston River November 15. Siege of Knoxville November 17-December 5. Near Lexington December 15. Scott's Mill Road, near Knoxville, January 27, 1864. Duty in eastern Tennessee until April. March to Chattanooga, April. Atlanta Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge and Dalton May 5–13. Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8–9. Dalton May 9.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Cassville May 19. Battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Ackworth June 2. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Lost Mountain June 15–17, Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes' Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Chattahoochie River July 6–17. Decatur July 19. Howard House July 20. Battle of Atlanta July 22. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Utoy Creek August 5–7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy's Station September 2–6. Ordered to Kentucky September, and duty at Bowling Green until January 1865. Ordered to Louisville, Ky., and mustered out January 12, 1865.


13th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 245 men during service; 8 officers and 50 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 6 officers and 181 enlisted men died of disease.


13th Kisei
The 13th Kisei was a Go competition that took place in 1989. Koichi Kobayashi won the title 4 games to 1 over Masaki Takemiya.


13th Kisei, Finals
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13th Kral TV Video Music Awards
The 13th Kral TV Video Music Awards (Turkish: 13. Kral TV Video Müzik Ödülleri, or 13. Kral TV VMÖ) were organized by Kral TV at the İstanbul Gösteri Merkezi on Wednesday, May 9, 2007. The hosts were Oktay Kaynarca and Özgü Namal.


13th Kral TV Video Music Awards
In previous years, award winners were determined by the vote of a jury. This year, the system changed, and winners were determined by the text message votes that viewers sent from their phones. The artist who won the most awards this year was Demet Akalın.


13th Kral TV Video Music Awards, Winners and Nominees
The award winners and nominees are shown in the table below.


13th Lambda Literary Awards
The 13th Lambda Literary Awards were held in 2001 to honour works of LGBT literature published in 2000.


13th Lancers
The 13th Lancers is an armoured regiment of Pakistan Army. It was formed in 1923 as 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers by the amalgamation of 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers and 32nd Lancers. On Partition of India in 1947, the regiment was allotted to Pakistan.


13th Lancers, Formation
The two parent regiments of 13th Lancers had a common origin in the old Bombay Squadron of Cavalry, raised for service in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The squadron was split to form the 1st and 2nd Regiments of Bombay Light Cavalry in 1817. More than a hundred years later, they were reunited to form the 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Bombay Lancers in 1923.


13th Lancers, 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
The 1st Bombay Light Cavalry served in the First Afghan War in 1839 when they fought in the Battle of Ghazni and took part in the march to Kabul. During the Second Sikh War of 1848-49 the regiment took part in the Siege of Multan, where they remained as the garrison for the remainder of the campaign. At the start of the Great Mutiny of 1857, the regiment was stationed at Nasirabad, where they were the only ones to remain loyal.


13th Lancers, 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
Artillery and infantrymen urged them to go over to them but the sowars refused and, under their officers, charged in an attempt to take the guns. They failed to do so but successfully disengaged and took part in the campaign of pacification in Central India. Burma was their next overseas posting in 1885, where they fought in the Third Anglo-Burmese War. The Duke of Connaught, then Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army, became their Colonel-in-Chief in 1890. He still held the appointment in the 13th DCO Lancers on his death in January 1942.


13th Lancers, 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
During the Kitchener reorganisation of the Indian Army of 1903, the Bombay cavalry had thirty added to their numbers and, the 1st (Duke of Connaught's Own) Bombay Lancers became the 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers. During the Great War, the 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers remained on the North West Frontier of India. In 1919, they served in the Third Afghan War and then went to perform garrison duties in Palestine.


13th Lancers, 32nd Lancers
The 2nd Bombay Light Cavalry were stationed at Neemuch in 1857 and took part in the pacification of Central India. One of its officers, Captain James Blair, won the Victoria Cross during these operations. Under Kitchener's Reforms, the 2nd Bombay Lancers was redesignated as the 32nd Lancers.


13th Lancers, 32nd Lancers
During the Great War, the 32nd went to Mesopotamia late in 1916 and were the first British troops to enter Baghdad. In April 1917, at the Battle of Istabulat, a detachment led by the commanding officer, charged an entrenched Turkish position resulting in all the officers and most of the men becoming casualties.


13th Lancers, 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
After the First World War, the number of Indian cavalry regiments was reduced from thirty-nine to twenty-one. However, instead of disbanding the surplus units, it was decided to amalgamate them in pairs. This resulted in the renumbering and renaming of the entire cavalry line. In September 1923, the 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers were amalgamated with the 32nd Lancers to form the 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Bombay Lancers. This particular merger was a reunion of two regiments separated more than a hundred years before.


13th Lancers, 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
The new badge was crossed lances with '13' on the intersection; a crown above and a scroll below, reading 'Duke of Connaught's Own.' Their uniform was blue with scarlet facings, and the new class composition was one squadron each of Pathans, Muslim Rajputs and Sikhs. In 1927, the regiment was redesignated as the 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers.


13th Lancers, 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
The 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers were one of the first two Indian cavalry regiments nominated for mechanisation. One squadron was equipped with the Vickers Medium Mark I tank and two squadrons with armoured cars. They were deployed on frontier duties but in April 1941, left for Iraq with the 10th Indian Division. They saw action against the Vichy French in Syria and also served in Persia and Iraq before joining the British Eighth Army in North Africa. In October 1942, they moved back to Persia and then to India.


13th Lancers, 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the regiment moved to Java in the Dutch East Indies in support of the 5th and 23rd Indian Divisions, who were engaged in suppressing a revolt by the Indonesians. In August 1946 the regiment returned to Secunderabad and on Partition of India in August 1947, the 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers were allotted to the Pakistan Army.


13th Lancers, 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
In 1956, Pakistan became a Republic and all titles pertaining to British royalty were dropped. The regiment was now designated as 13th Lancers. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the regiment spearheaded the advance of the Pakistan Army towards Akhnoor in Kashmir. Fighting with elan, it penetrated 23 miles inside enemy territory. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the 13th Lancers launched a counter-attack against invading Indian forces at Barapind near Zafarwal and suffered heavy casualties. Between 1996 and 1997, the regiment served as part of the UN peacekeeping force of UNTAES in former Yugoslavia.


13th Lancers, Battle honours
Ghuznee 1839, Afghanistan 1839, Mooltan, Punjaub, Central India, Afghanistan 1879–80, Burma1885–87, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Sharqat, Mesopotamia 1916–18, NW Frontier, India 1917, Afghanistan 1919, Damascus, Deir ez Zor, Raqaa, Syria 1941, Gazala, Bir Hacheim, El Adem, Sidi Rezegh 1942, Gambut, Tobruk 1942, Fuka, North Africa 1940–43, Dewa-Chamb 1965, Jaurian 1965, Zafarwal 1971.


13th Landwehr Division (German Empire)
The 13th Landwehr Division (13. Landwehr-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I.


13th Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh
The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly or the Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The present strength of the Vidhan Sabha is 68. Himachal Pradesh is the first state in India to launch paperless legislative assembly known as eVidhan.


13th Light Bomber Squadron
The 13th Light Bomber Squadron (Greek: 13 Μοίρα Ελαφρού Βομβαρδισμού, 13 ΜΕΒ), was one of the three World War II aircraft squadrons in service with the Royal Hellenic Air Force, exiled in the Middle East, that fought under the auspices of the British Royal Air Force. It was the first Greek military unit founded after the German invasion and conquest of Greece in April–May 1941.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Background
After the failed Italian attack against Greece (October 28 – November 13, 1940), the Greek forces counterattacked and penetrated deep into Italian held Albanian territory. However, with the German intervention in April 1941, Greece capitulated.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Background
By April 15, 1941, the Royal Hellenic Air Force was virtually eliminated by the numerically and technically superior German Luftwaffe. Part of the Greek air force personnel managed to escape to Egypt together with five Avro Anson aircraft. These aircraft formed the 13th Light Bomber Squadron during the summer of 1941, which was thus the first Greek military unit formed in the Middle East. During the following months two additional Greek squadrons were founded, the 335th and 336th Pursuit Squadrons.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Activity, Middle East
Its first commander was Squadron Leader Spyros Dakopoulos and its initial personnel was mainly provided from the former 13th Naval Cooperation and 32nd Bomber Squadrons to be finally manned by volunteers recruited from the then large Greek resident communities in Egypt. Its first mission was assigned on July 14, 1941.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Activity, Middle East
At December 1941 the Squadron was equipped with Bristol Blenheims Mk IV and based at Dekheila Airfield. The following months it was reequipped with Blenheims Mk V, which were used primarily for maritime patrol missions. Convoy escort and anti-submarine patrols were the main missions of the Squadron during 1942. In various occasions enemy submarines were spotted in the Eastern Mediterranean and bombed.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Activity, Middle East
From early 1943 the Squadron operated with Martin Baltimores. Apart from anti-submarine patrols and convoy escorts, the Squadron also executed reconnaissance and bombing missions in the occupied Greek islands. At November 12, the fortified German positions at the port of Souda, in Crete, were bombed. In general, the 13th Sqr based in the Middle East counted a total of 1,600 missions with over 4,550 flying hours.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Activity, Italy and Greece
On May 14, 1944, the Squadron was transferred to southern Italy, where operations included bombing of enemy positions in Yugoslavia and Albania, as part of the Allied Balkan Air Force. During this period it executed a total of 1,400 operations that included bombing train stations, bridges, ammunition and fuel depots.


13th Light Bomber Squadron, Activity, Italy and Greece
On November 14, while the Axis troops were retreating from Greece, the aircraft of the Squadron landed in Hassani Airfield (later the Hellenikon Air Base and Ellinikon International Airport), near Athens. Although mainland Greece was liberated, Crete and other islands were still under German occupation. Alongside the Spitfire fighters of the two other Greek Squadrons, 335th and 336th, which had also arrived in Greece, the 13th was engaged in bombing missions against the remaining German garrisons in the Aegean islands and Crete (April–May 1945). The Squadron was disbanded on April 19, 1946.


13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)
The 13th Light Brigade (Dutch: 13 Lichte Brigade) is one of the three combat brigades of the Royal Netherlands Army, the other ones being 11th Airmobile Brigade and 43rd Mechanised Brigade. The brigade is a fully motorised brigade, equipped with Fennek, Boxer and Bushmaster wheeled, armoured vehicles.


13th Light Brigade (Netherlands), History
The brigade was formed as the 13th Motorized Brigade, and came from the 3rd Infantry Brigade. The 3rd Infantry Brigade was part of the First Division '7 December' which was formed on 1 September 1946. In 1950 the brigade was transformed into a mechanized infantry brigade, the 13th Mechanized brigade, which became part of the 4th Division and was stationed in North Germany. After the reforms of 1970 the brigade became again a part of the First Division. In the early 1990s the brigade became a fully mechanized brigade. In 2013, the brigade lost its mechanized infantry fighting vehicles and was equipped with wheeled equipment and therefore renamed 13th Light Brigade.


13th Light Brigade (Netherlands), Organization
The 13th Light Brigade is made up by the following units:


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia)
The 13th Light Horse Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment of the Australian Army during the First World War. The regiment was raised in March 1915, and eventually assigned as the mounted regiment for the Australian Corps. During the war the regiment fought against the forces of the Ottoman Empire, at Gallipoli, and against the German Empire on the Western Front. For its role in the war the regiment was awarded twelve battle honours. In 1921, it was later re-raised as a part-time unit of the Citizens Forces, and was briefly amalgamated with the 19th Light Horse. During the Second World War, the regiment was converted into an armoured regiment, designated the "13th Armoured Regiment", although it was disbanded in late 1943 without seeing action.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Formation
The 13th Light Horse Regiment was raised in Victoria in March 1915. Being the thirteenth regiment raised within the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) they were soon given the nickname the "Devil's Own" regiment, and comprised twenty-five officers and 497 other ranks serving in three squadrons, each of six troops. Each troop was divided into eight sections, of four men each. In action one man of each section, was nominated as a horse holder reducing the regiment's rifle strength by a quarter.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Formation
All Australian Light Horse regiments used cavalry unit designations, but were mounted infantry armed with rifles, not swords or lances, and mounted exclusively on the Australian Waler horse.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Operational history, Gallipoli Campaign
In May 1915, the 13th Light Horse Regiment left Australia for the Middle East, arriving in Egypt in June. When the Australian infantry units had been dispatched to Gallipoli earlier that year, it was thought the terrain was unsuitable for mounted troops, and the light horse regiments had remained in Egypt. However, heavy casualties resulted in their deployment in May and the 13th Light Horse Regiment in turn was sent into battle in September 1915 in a dismounted role. The regiment was deployed defending the trenches at Lone Pine, a strongly contested stretch of the front line around Anzac Cove. Two months later in December, the regiment was withdrawn back to Egypt when the Allied forces were evacuated from the peninsula.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Operational history, Western Front
Two squadrons – "B" and "D" – which had originally been part of the 4th Light Horse Regiment took part in the Battle of Messines, the Third Battle of Ypres, the Battle of Broodseinde, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Battle of the Lys, the Battle of Kemmel, the Second Battle of the Marne and the Battle of Tardenois. The two squadrons, together with a squadron from New Zealand, were eventually amalgamated and renamed the II Anzac Corps Mounted Regiment, and together earned nine battle honours on the Western Front.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Operational history, Western Front
When the infantry component of the Australian Imperial Force was expanded to five divisions, the 13th Light Horse Regiment was broken up to provide a reconnaissance squadron for the 2nd, 4th, and 5th Divisions. The squadrons then moved to the Western Front in France between March and June 1916. They were soon reunited, however, as the "I ANZAC Mounted Regiment".


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Operational history, Western Front
The static nature of the fighting along the Western Front limited the use of mounted troops and they were mostly in a secondary role; doing traffic control, rear area security, escorting prisoners and during an attack reconnaissance and probing the German rear areas. The pinnacle of the regiment's service on the Western Front was following the Hundred Days Offensive when they led the advance of the Australian Corps. When the war ended the regiment was resting, and gradually its personnel were returned to Australia. Their total casualties during the war were 57 killed, and 328 wounded.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Perpetuation
In 1921, Australia's part-time military forces were re-organised to perpetuate the numerical designations of the AIF following its demobilisation. Through this process, the 13th Light Horse was re-raised as a Citizens Forces unit in Victoria, adopting the territorial designation of the "Gippsland Light Horse". In 1939, the regiment was amalgamated with the 19th Light Horse to become the 13th/19th Light Horse.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Perpetuation
In August 1940, during the opening stages of the Second World War, the 13th was re-formed in its own right. It was later mechanised and re-designated the "13th Motor Regiment" in March 1942, based at Gherang, Victoria. In May that year, it was converted into an armoured regiment – designated as the "13th Armoured Regiment" – as part of the 2nd Armoured Division's 6th Armoured Brigade, which had been formed for defensive duties to guard against a possible invasion of mainland Australia. After moving to Puckapunyal in July, the regiment was equipped with M3 Grant tanks.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Perpetuation
Further training was undertaken in Murgon, Queensland, throughout 1943. By that time, manpower within the Army was scarce and as the threat of an invasion by the Japanese diminished during the year, so too did the need for large-scale armoured forces. A number of armoured units were subsequently disbanded as men and equipment were reallocated as the Army reorganised for jungle warfare. As a result, the 13th was disbanded in October 1943. In the post war period, the unit was perpetuated by the 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles, which existed between 1948 and 1991–92.


13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Battle honours
Gallipoli 1915 · Egypt 1915–17 · Somme 1916 · Somme 1918 · Pozières · Bapaume 1917 · Arras 1917 · Ypres 1917 · Albert 1918 · France and Flanders 1916–18 · Amiens 1918


13th Light Tank Brigade
The 13th Light Tank Brigade (Russian: 13-я лёгкая танковая бригада (13 лтбр)) was an armored brigade of the Red Army that fought in the Winter War.


13th Light Tank Brigade
It was formed as the 31st Mechanized Brigade in 1932 at Stary Petergof near Leningrad, assigned to the 11th Mechanized Corps, one of the first armored units of the Red Army. Two years later, the brigade became part of the new 7th Mechanized Corps, and it sent crews to fight in the Spanish Civil War. When the corps was redesignated as the 10th Tank Corps, the brigade became the 13th Light Tank Brigade in 1938. In late 1939, it and the corps participated in the massing of forces on the Estonian and Latvian borders to force their governments to agree to Soviet demands.


13th Light Tank Brigade
An ambitious plan for the employment of the 10th Tank Corps to encircle Finnish troops in the Karelian Isthmus at the beginning of the war in December quickly failed due to the unexpected strength of Finnish anti-tank defenses, and instead it was tasked with exploiting an anticipated infantry breakthrough in the Battle of Summa. This did not materialize, although the brigade lost several tanks to Finnish artillery while waiting to go into action. It was withdrawn from combat and served as an independent unit from late December, training intensively for the breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line.


13th Light Tank Brigade
When Soviet infantry assaults supported by other tank units accomplished the latter in mid-February 1940, the brigade was sent into the breach. However, unfavorable terrain and Finnish resistance limited its advance and it suffered heavy losses. In the final weeks of the war, the brigade participated in the steady Soviet advance on Vyborg. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its actions in the war, the brigade was used to form the 3rd Tank Division in mid-1940 after participating in the invasion of Estonia.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Prewar period
The 31st Mechanized Brigade was formed between May and September 1932 as part of the 11th Mechanized Corps in the Leningrad Military District at Stary Petergof near Leningrad from the 32nd Volodarsky Rifle Regiment of the 11th Rifle Division. It was commanded by Alexey Skulachenko from its formation until early 1935. One of the original two mechanized corps of the Red Army, the 11th was formed as a result of a massive expansion in Soviet tank production.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Prewar period
Equipped with T-26 light tanks, the brigade had an authorized strength of 220 tanks, 56 armored cars, and 27 guns among its three tank battalions (the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd), a tank training battalion, a rifle battalion, an artillery battalion, and support units. To perpetuate the traditions of the 11th Rifle Division, the brigades of the corps received the honorifics of the former's regiments on 16 January 1934, with the 31st becoming the 31st Uritsky Mechanized Brigade after the 31st Rifle Regiment despite actually having been formed from the 32nd Rifle Regiment. During that year, the headquarters of the 11th Mechanized Corps and another of its brigades were relocated to the Transbaikal Military District as a result of rising tensions with Japan. The 31st was left behind in the Leningrad Military District and became part of the new 7th Mechanized Corps.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Prewar period
Colonel Vladimir Gorev became brigade commander in February 1935 and after he was sent to Spain, Colonel Ivan Korchagin took command in November 1936. Korchagin was arrested in August 1937 during the Great Purge, which six other brigade officers, including the commissar and chief of engineers, also fell victim to. Three Red Army men were also among those imprisoned, one being sentenced to six years on charges of discrediting the government by "speaking hostilely about the forms and methods of Soviet art". Kombrig Pyotr Kotov commanded the brigade until early 1938, when Colonel Viktor Baranov took over.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Prewar period
Baranov, the final brigade commander, was one of many Soviet tankers who had been sent to support the Spanish Republican Army during their civil war, among them personnel from the 31st Brigade. When the Red Army armor doctrine shifted to concentrating tanks in tank corps, in June 1938 the 7th Mechanized Corps became the 10th Tank Corps, and shortly afterwards the 31st Mechanized Brigade became the 13th Light Tank Brigade. At this time, the brigade was also relocated to Porkhov.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Prewar period
The reorganization into a light tank brigade resulted in its battalions becoming individually numbered separate battalions. The reorganized brigade included the 6th, 9th, 13th, and 15th Tank Battalions, the 205th Reconnaissance Battalion, the 158th Motorized Machine Gun Battalion, the 254th Repair Battalion, the 566th Auto Transport Battalion, the 8th Combat Support Company, the 52nd Communications Company, and the 35th Sapper Company. As a light tank brigade, the brigade was almost entirely equipped with BT-7 light tanks, fielding 151 BT-7s of all types on 5 July 1938, slightly over half of its authorized peacetime strength of 270 BT-7s. In addition, the brigade included all of its authorized ten T-26 BKhM-3 flamethrower tanks.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Prewar period
To threaten Estonia into signing a treaty that allowed the establishment of Soviet bases on its territory, the brigade and its corps were assigned to the 8th Army of the district in late September and by 27 September concentrated on the Estonian border in the vicinity of Pskov. The threat of an invasion by the 134,000 troops on their border forced the Estonian government into accepting the Soviet ultimatum, and on 2 October the corps moved south with the 8th Army to the vicinity of Ostrov in a repetition of the same tactic against Latvia. The Latvian government similarly gave in to the threat of the 255,000 troops on their border, and on 13 October the corps left the 8th Army to return to the Leningrad region.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War
Finland was also faced with the demands to cede territory and allow the establishment of Soviet bases, but refused and negotiations broke down. As a result, the Soviets opted for war and the Leningrad Military District concentrated its forces between 15 and 20 November. The corps was halted at Luga rather than returning to its bases and was relocated to the Finnish border as the tank corps assigned to support the 7th Army, tasked with the main Soviet attack on the Karelian Isthmus at the beginning of the Winter War.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War
The plans of the 7th Army envisioned a role of deep penetration for the corps: it was to turn west after reaching Kiviniemi and crossing the Vuoksi River in order to surround the Finnish troops on the Isthmus. When the war began on 30 November, the 13th Light Tank Brigade fielded 246 BT-7s and 10 T-26s.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War
By the beginning of the Winter War, the personnel of the corps, which also included the 1st Light Tank Brigade and the 15th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade, were well trained, but their tanks were worn out by the long road marches to the Estonian and Latvian borders and then to the Finnish border, which covered a total distance of 300 kilometers (190 mi).


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
The brigade was reinforced by a rifle and machine gun battalion from the corps' 15th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade for the advance. The corps began advancing towards Kiviniemi behind infantry units on 1 December, having to overcome the strong Finnish anti-tank defenses, which included seven anti-tank ditches and seventeen rows of dragon's teeth between the border and Kiviniemi. The 9th Tank Battalion and infantry captured Riikoli after an artillery preparation on the next day and approached Suupork, where the infantry were stopped by machine gun fire and the tanks by dragon's teeth and a ditch.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
After making gaps in the defenses by the morning of 3 December, the 13th Battalion, 205th Reconnaissance Battalion, and 158th Sapper Battalion attacked Suupork, which they captured by the end of the day before moving to Rautu. The 15th Battalion reached Suokas on 4 December, but lost one tank destroyed by a mine and two by anti-tank guns while trying to cross an anti-tank ditch.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
These obstacles slowed the advance of the corps so that they did not reach Kiviniemi until 5 December, and the planned decisive breakthrough of the corps failed as Finnish troops covering the border retreated to the fortified Mannerheim Line and blew up the bridges over the Vuoksi before the corps could capture them. The 1st and 13th Brigades came under fire from the line before the corps was withdrawn to the army reserve on 6 December. As a result of these operations, the Red Army command concluded that independent massed tank operations were impossible in Karelia.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
Instead, the corps was shifted to the western part of the Isthmus to exploit the planned breakthrough of the 50th Rifle Corps along the Vyborg road in the Battle of Summa. By 16 December, after a series of marches, the brigade concentrated in Peinola, tasked with exploiting the breakthrough of the 123rd Rifle Division by advancing on Lähde and Kämärä and capturing the Tali station. The brigade moved up to the frontline on 17 December, with the 205th Reconnaissance Battalion in the first echelon.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
A detachment from the 205th Battalion consisting of a tank company, three flamethrower tanks, a rifle platoon and two artillery tanks was tasked with capturing the Tali station. Behind the 205th, the 9th Separate Tank Battalion with three flamethrower tanks was assigned to capture Kämärä station, supported by the 13th Tank Battalion. The 6th Tank Battalion stood ready to exploit an anticipated breakthrough at Yläsäiniö. The Soviet forces making the initial attack on that day, a regiment of the 123rd Division and a battalion of the 20th Tank Brigade, were faced by one battalion of the Finnish 15th Infantry Regiment. The tanks from the 20th reached the Finnish rear, but the infantry refused to move farther than the first Finnish trench line, forcing the former to retreat at nightfall.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
Meanwhile, corps commander Komdiv Prokofy Romanenko personally ordered the 9th Separate Tank Battalion to attack at 13:00, claiming that the 123rd had broken through and the 1st Light Tank Brigade was already going into action. Two hours later, the battalion moved forward but the breakthrough had in fact not materialized and it was stopped by the first line of dragon's teeth, where a flamethrower tank from the 8th Combat Support Company was set on fire by a direct hit from an artillery shell, killing its driver.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, December battles and interlude
When the T-28 medium tanks of the 20th returned from their attack, one of them ran over a BT-7 from the 205th, disabling it. The 13th Brigade remained on the frontline exposed to heavy shelling until they were ordered to pull back on 13:00 on 18 December, losing two tanks burned out and eight disabled with the loss of six tankists killed and twelve wounded. After this defeat, it was withdrawn to the rear in the area of Bobochino.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Interlude
The corps headquarters was disbanded in late December and the brigade became an independent unit under direct army control. Near Boboshino, from 23 December, the brigade conducted intensive training, preparing for the breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line. Soviet tank tactics fundamentally changed: instead of racing ahead of the infantry and exposing themselves to be picked off at close range by grenades and Molotov cocktails while crossing trenches, tanks were now to be positioned in front of the Finnish trenches beyond small arms range and systematically demolish the defensive positions with their guns. They were only to cross trenches under the cover of other tanks to keep the heads of the defenders down.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Interlude
Picked crews were sent to inform the infantrymen about operations with tanks. Spurs for their tank tracks were produced to increase the cross-country mobility of the BT-7 in winter conditions. They practiced firing at dragon's teeth, finding that a 45 mm armor-piercing shell hit would destroy the obstacle, a method later used in combat, in addition to towing armored sleds carrying infantrymen to resolve the problem of deep snow slowing down the foot soldiers. During this period, there were severe frosts that required a large amount of fuel and lubricants to maintain tanks in operating condition, which necessitated the development of dugouts to heat the tanks.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
The Soviet offensive began on 11 February with the attack again concentrated along the Vyborg road and within two days the 123rd had broken through the Finnish defenses with tank support. To pursue the retreating Finnish troops and develop the attack on Vyborg, three mobile groups were created, including infantry riding on the tanks, in the 7th Army on 14 February and inserted into the breakthrough on the same day. Moving to the front on crowded roads, they were delayed for hours: the chief of staff of the 13th Brigade recalled that vehicles stood as many as five rows deep.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
The Soviet senior commanders assumed that Finnish resistance would swiftly collapse, but were quickly proven wrong. The 6th Tank Battalion of the brigade and a battalion from the 15th Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Brigade, forming the group of Kombrig Boris Vershinin tasked with capturing the Leipäsuo station, met fierce resistance and took three days to accomplish their objective; by then, just seven out of the initial 46 tanks remained operational.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
Meanwhile, Baranov commanded a group consisting of the remainder of the 13th and 15th Brigades, supported by a detachment from the 1st Light Tank Brigade, tasked with capturing the Kämärä railway station in order to exploit the success of the 123rd. Lähde was quickly taken on 14 February despite a stubborn Finnish defense. In the fighting, flamethrower tanks proved effective against Finnish infantry.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
During this subsequent operations, the 13th operated both as an entire brigade and as single battalions. On 15 February the Finnish defenders began withdrawing to the intermediate line of defense, which only included sparse field fortifications. By the evening of 15 February, Group Baranov reached Kämärä, which was captured in fierce fighting on the next day. At Kämärä, five Finnish Renault FT and three Vickers tanks were captured, as well as 120 Finnish soldiers, in return for a loss of ten of the 13th's tanks.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
North of Kämärä station, the group was halted by prepared Finnish defenses on the heights above Lake Mustalampi held by the 3rd Battalion of the 61st Infantry Regiment. The 1st Light Tank Brigade detachment attacked on 18 February towards Hill 45.0 with elements of the 84th Rifle Division and reached the southern slopes of the hill, but had to retreat at nightfall to avoid being overrun by Finnish infantry because the infantry from the 84th refused to advance. By this point, Group Baranov was moving forward from Kämärä to support the detachment.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
A battle group from the 1st Light Tank Brigade detachment commanded by Senior Lieutenant Boris Kolessa captured Hill 45.0 on 19 February, but their advance was stopped when Finnish infantry blew up the road bridge near Pien-Pero. Kolessa's battle group was encircled in the evening when the road that they advanced from was cut off by the Finnish troops, the 84th again having failed to advance. Though Kolessa was encircled, his presence in the Finnish rear blocking the Hotakka-Vyborg road sowed panic.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
Group Baranov broke through on the Mustalampi heights on 20 February, and by the end of the day the 13th Battalion, a company of the 15th Battalion, the 205th Battalion and a battalion of the 201st Rifle Regiment of the 84th had reached the southwestern outskirts of Pien-Pero. This advance allowed Kolessa to successfully break out to the Kämärä station area towards the end of the day.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
Due to the slow advance of the infantry, Baranov used a company of the 15th Battalion to carry up to one and half battalions of infantry to the Pien-Pero area on the night of 20–21 February. At 10:30 on the next day, the road between Mustalampi and Pienperio was cut, isolating Group Baranov, Kolessa's detachment, and elements of the 84th with its commander, and Hill 45.0 was retaken by the Finnish. The 6th and 9th Battalions and the 153rd Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Battalion attacked the hill on 22 February, recapturing its southern slopes although losing six tanks from the 6th Battalion.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
A simultaneous attack on the hill by the 15th Battalion from the north and the 163rd Motor Rifle and Machine Gun Battalion, the 84th's 344th Regiment, the 6th Battalion, and 13 tanks from the 9th Battalion on the next day failed when the artillery of the 84th mistakenly shelled the tanks of the 15th, destroying two. Flares and radio messages did not stop the firing and only after the brigade chief of staff personally went to the 84th's command post did it cease. The 6th lost two tanks burned out and the 13th two wrecked that day.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line
The rest of the 84th and the 51st Rifle Division slowly arrived at Hill 45.0 between 24 and 27 February, while the brigade lost two tanks on the 24th and a planned attack slated for the 26th could not be conducted because the 84th could not quickly organize artillery preparation. The failure of the tank brigades to achieve their objectives in this period was due to the difficult terrain unsuitable for tank operations that complicated the employment of brigades and often even battalions. A postwar NKVD report faulted the brigade command for not coordinating with neighboring units in order to create a continuous line and insufficient aggressiveness during this period.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Advance on Vyborg
The Finnish troops began retreating to their rear defensive line on 28 February. On that day, the 13th Tank Battalion captured the outskirts of Pien-Pero and moved on Lintula before occupying the Pero station after the hurried retreat of its defenders, who failed to blow up the bridge there. The 9th and 15th Tank Battalions with the 348th Regiment of the 51st Division moved along the route from Pillula-Pero and Suur-Pero towards Repola, slowed down by trees and landmines in the area of Hill 50.2.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Advance on Vyborg
The 15th Battalion captured Mannikkala and Tali in heavy fighting between 5 and 8 March, losing six tanks burned out and two wrecked. This occurred despite the narrowing of the advance by flooded land on both sides of the road and the Finnish anti-tank obstacles. Repola was taken on 10 March by the 348th Regiment and 9th Tank Battalion, and on 12 March and the night of the 12th and 13th the 9th Tank Battalion captured Nurmilampi in the face of stubborn Finnish resistance. After Soviet troops cut the road between Vyborg and Helsinki, the Finnish were forced to concede and the war ended on 13 March with a cease-fire following the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Advance on Vyborg
Throughout the war, the brigade carried its supplies on its tanks as the lack of roads precluded using wheeled vehicles. From the beginning of the war, the brigade only had two Komintern tractors that proved unequal to the task of evacuating damaged tanks, and as a result most of these tanks had to be evacuated by other tanks. During the war, it received 67 BT-7s, two BT-2s, and five T-26s from factories, and suffered heavy losses of 122 BT-7s and two T-26s to artillery fire, 63 BT-7s and a T-26 to landmines, and 52 BT-7s and two T-26s burned out.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Advance on Vyborg
The burned out tanks were total losses while 84 others were sent back for factory rebuilding, leaving the brigade with 227 operational tanks at the end of the war. The 13th suffered casualties of 234 killed, 484 wounded, and 23 missing. The brigade was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on 11 April 1940 for "breaking through the Mannerheim Line".


13th Light Tank Brigade, Winter War, Advance on Vyborg
353 of its personnel were decorated for their actions in the war, including eleven awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, among them Baranov, while 14 received Order of Lenin, 103 the Order of the Red Banner, 72 the Order of the Red Star, and 153 the Medals "For Courage" and  "For Battle Merit".


13th Light Tank Brigade, Invasion of Estonia and reorganization
After the end of the Winter War, the brigade returned to Porkhov. It was selected to be stationed in Estonia in a plan to rotate out Soviet troops in the country and on 23 April the Leningrad Military District was directed to increase the units selected for the deployment to Estonia to wartime strength by 15 May, which for the 13th Brigade entailed expansion to 2,887 personnel.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Invasion of Estonia and reorganization
Following the success of massed German tank units in the Battle of France, Stalin decided once again to reestablish mechanized corps on 9 June 1940. The Leningrad Military District was directed to form the 1st Mechanized Corps from the 20th Heavy Tank Brigade, the 1st and 13th Light Tank Brigades, the 25th Cavalry Division, and the 163rd Rifle Division. The formation of the corps was to be completed by 30 June, but the reorganization was interrupted by the Soviet invasion of Estonia. For the latter, the brigade moved to Pskov by 13 June, assigned to the 8th Army.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Invasion of Estonia and reorganization
On 17 June, the brigade was sent into Estonia to occupy the town of Puka as a replacement for the T-26-equipped 35th Light Tank Brigade, rejected for the mission by army commander Lieutenant General Konstantin Pyadyshev due to his belief that its obsolete tanks would not awe Estonian civilians with a display of Soviet strength. 1st Mechanized Corps commander Lieutenant General Prokofy Romanenko emphasized in an order that the brigade's movement was to be conducted at high speed and that in Estonia members of the brigade should not converse with civilians or "turn to them for anything," conducting themselves like victors.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Invasion of Estonia and reorganization
The brigade crossed the border at 7:00, entered Izborsk at 8:08, passed Takhnu at 12:05, and entered Puka at 18:30; it did not meet armed resistance as the Estonian military had been ordered to surrender by their government. However, its vehicles stretched out along the road for 50 kilometers (31 mi) due to breakdowns and fuel exhaustion. On the next day the brigade remained at Puka repairing and gathering the straggling vehicles, including 32 tanks. It sent the 15th Tank Battalion onward to occupy the town of Valga. At Puka, the brigade was assigned to the 19th Rifle Corps by 21 June before it returned to Porkhov and the 1st Mechanized Corps by 22 July.


13th Light Tank Brigade, Invasion of Estonia and reorganization
The 13th Brigade was used to form the 3rd Tank Division of the corps; the new division inherited the brigade's Order of the Red Banner. The brigade's 6th and 9th Tank Battalions were used to form the 5th Tank Regiment and the 13th and 15th Tank Battalions the 6th Tank Regiment. The deadline for the formation of the corps was extended to 31 July on 23 June. Despite these delays, the formation of the first new mechanized corps was completed by October and the 1st became one of the most well-manned and -equipped due to the number of units used to form it.


13th Lok Sabha
The 13th Lok Sabha (10 October 1999 – 6 February 2004) is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, or lower house in the Parliament of India). It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.


13th Lok Sabha
This majority group in the Lok Sabha during this period was the National Democratic Alliance, a nationalist group led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, which won 270 seats, 16 more than 12th Lok Sabha. The NDA, under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee completed its term till the next general elections of May 2004 for the next 14th Lok Sabha. This was the first non-INC government to complete the full term.


13th Lok Sabha
Four sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 13th Lok Sabha after the 1999 Indian general election.


13th Lumières Awards
The 13th Lumières Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 13 January 2008. The ceremony was chaired by Claude Lelouch. The Diving Bell and the Butterfly won the award for Best Film and Jean-Pierre Marielle was presented with the honorary Lumières Award.


13th Lux Style Awards
The 13th Lux Style Awards was a 2014 event presented by Lux to honor the fashion, music, films and Pakistani television of 2013. Ceremony was held on December 4, 2014 in a private ceremony, for the first in the thirteen years of LUX, event wasn't televised.


13th Lux Style Awards, Winners and nominees
Following are the winners (in bold) and nominees for the 13th Lux Style Awards:


13th MMC – Pazardzhik
13th Multi-member Constituency – Pazardzhik is a constituency whose borders are the same as Pazardzhik Province in Bulgaria.


13th MMC – Pazardzhik, Background
In the 2009 Bulgarian parliamentary election the 13th Multi-member Constituency – Pazardzhik elected 9 members to the Bulgarian National Assembly: 8 of which were through proportionality vote and 1 was through first-past-the-post voting.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment
The 13th Maine Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment spent 1862–1864 in the Department of the Gulf and finished the war with the Army of the Shenandoah.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment
During its service, it survived a hurricane off the Carolinas en route the Gulf of Mexico, manned the forts guarding the Mississippi Delta, invaded Texas at the Rio Grande and along the coast, fought in Banks' ill-fated Red River Campaign in Louisiana, manned Washington DC defenses, and provided rear-area security for the Shenandoah Valley campaign in 1864 south of Harpers Ferry.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1861
The 13th was raised at large, and organized at Augusta, Maine, and mustered into Federal service for a three-year enlistment on December 13, 1861. Unlike earlier regiments clothed initially in militia gray, the 13th was issued regulation dark blue Federal regulation fatigue jackets, dark blue trousers, sky blue regulation caped overcoats, and prison-manufactured boots. The regiment appreciated the quality of the overcoats and footwear, but found the blouse and pants of poor quality.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1861
The 13th also was lucky to receive Enfield rifles instead of smoothbore 1842, rifled 1842, or German and Belgian smoothbores that were issued to other regiments training alongside them at the arsenal in Augusta. The regiment did, however, find the rushed manufacture of the Enfields leaving a rough finish which combined with its brass fittings made it difficult to keep clean.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
In January 1862, while in training in Augusta, the regiment, along with others there, suffered an outbreak of the measles, but lost no men to it. As training progressed, they heard rumors, which proved true, that the regiment was bound for duty with Major General (MGEN) Benjamin Butler in the Gulf of Mexico. On February 18, the regiment boarded the train in Augusta and traveled to Boston arriving on just before midnight on February 19. In Boston, Companies A, B, E, and I embarked on SS Mississippi for Ship Island, Mississippi, on February 20.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
Mississippi was scheduled for stops at Hampton Roads to pick up Butler, Hatteras Inlet to pick up Brigadier General (BGEN) Thomas Williams, and Key West for coal before arriving in Mississippi. At the stop at Norfolk, MGEN Benjamin Butler embarked. On February 26 off Hatteras, it ran into a winter storm (Butler referred to it as a hurricane) that lasted two days. After making it through the storm with the assistance of seamen in the 13th's ranks, Mississippi ran aground in clear weather and calm seas.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
With the assistance of the blockade vessel USS Mount Vernon, she got away and limped to Port Royal where she was repaired. The four companies were transferred to SS Matanzas for the remainder of the voyage to Mississippi arriving March 20 at Ship Island and disembarking on March 22.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
The day after the four companies sailed from Boston, the remainder (C, D, F, G, and K) entrained for New York embarking February 27 on SS Fulton. Due to missing the bad weather and grounding, these companies arrived almost two weeks before the others. On March 31, the 13th was brigaded with the 30th Massachusetts, the 1st Battery Maine Volunteer Light Artillery, the 12th, 14th, and 15th Maine as the 3rd Brigade of the Department of the Gulf under the command of Colonel George Shepley, the commander of the 12th Maine. As such, it was kept in reserve on Ship Island while New Orleans was taken.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
The regiment continued training and drilling on Ship Island beset by disease spread by fleas and mosquitoes native to the island. Detachments of the regiment were sent into the defenses of New Orleans, July 5, 1862, and the entire regiment was ordered there September 1. By this time, the dark blue jacket and trousers had been replaced by the standard federal uniform of dark blue sack coat and sky blue trousers.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
Through the remainder of 1862, the regiment was dispersed by companies through various strong points in New Orleans' defenses. Companies C and K were at Fort Pike and Fort Macomb guarding the entrance to Lake Pontchartrain. The remainder of the regiment garrisoned a pair of forts 70 miles (110 km) downriver from New Orleans on either side of Plaquemines bend, Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip. On the south side, Fort Jackson was held by Companies A, D, G, and I manned the walls. On the north side, Fort St Philip held companies B, E, and H.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1862
Although Butler's governance of New Orleans was popular in the North, Butler was replaced by Nathaniel P. Banks in December 1862. Banks soon began planning more military operations throughout the Department.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863
When Banks reorganized his command in the Department, the 13th became an independent command within XIX Corps. As such, through the first three-quarters of 1863, the regiment remained in garrison at the forts inspecting the shipping and fishing traffic passing from Lake Pontchartrain into the Gulf of Mexico and down the Mississippi Delta to the gulf. The commanders of the stations took great pains to keep the regiment well-drilled and proficient in their arms throughout this period.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863
During the first half of the war, the Union Navy had successfully blockaded many Southern ports along the Gulf Coast. Cotton trade was a major economic asset for Texas and the whole Confederacy. Initially cotton was transported to Brazos Santiago Pass at the delta of the Rio Grande and exported from Port Isabel. Union forces captured this port and trade was moved inland to Brownsville, Texas. From Brownsville goods were transported across the border to Matamoros and from there to neutral ports along the Mexican coast.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, South Texas Expedition
In the fall of 1863, the Union wanted to shut down the last holdout was in the Corpus Christi/Brownsville area at the mouth of the Rio Grande. Banks launched his Texas Coast operations in October to close the gap once and for all. Another issue for seizing Brownsville was the U.S. government was also anxious to show Union presence along the Mexican border since the French Army had just invaded Mexico and installed Maximillian, and there was an increasing tension and hostility with the French and Imperial Mexican forces. The Union planned to shut down the port and at the same time give a boost to Juárez.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, South Texas Expedition
The Confederate forces in the area were commanded by General Hamilton P. Bee. Bee's forces consisted of a mere four companies from the 33rd Texas Cavalry under Colonel James Duff and another two companies of three-month volunteers. All other Confederates along the coast had been called elsewhere in the wake of the Union attack at Sabine Pass. The total Confederate force amounted to roughly 150 men stationed at Fort Brown.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, South Texas Expedition
The 13th, with the 15th Maine, transferred from XIX Corps to XIII Corps for this operation as part of this expeditionary force. The 13th became part of the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division commanded by Colonel William M. Dye's. The expeditionary force and its small fleet of steamer transports and towed sailing supply vessels arrived at the mouth of the Rio Grande shortly after noon, November 1, 1863. On November 2, the 13th landed on the east end of Brazos Island.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, South Texas Expedition
On November 4 after unloading all necessary arms, supplies, and equipment, the XIII Corps moved west to Clarksville at the mouth of the Rio Grande. The 13th and the 20th Wisconsin stayed in Clarksville for a day while the rest of the brigade moved on to Brownsville with the rest of XII Corps.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, South Texas Expedition
On November 2, Bee had dispatched two companies of his cavalry to observe and report on the Union landing. Company A under Captain Richard Taylor arrived at the mouth of the Rio Grande while company F under Captain Henry Davis arrived at Point Isabel further north. On November 2 Captain Taylor informed General Bee the Union forces had landed cavalry while Bee made preparatory orders for the evacuation of Brownsville.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, Battle of Brownsville
The 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division led the Union advance up the river on Brownsville. After chasing off Duff's cavalry, Dye's men entered the Brownsville around 10:00 on November 6, 1863. As the Union forces spread out through the city. General Bee quickly ordered the evacuation of the city and abandoned Fort Brown. He personally supervised the burning of what military supplies and cotton he could. Inside the fort was 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of condemned explosives which caused a great explosion much to the terror of the local citizens.


13th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service, 1863, Battle of Brownsville
The Confederates' destruction spread into the city while the soldiers resorted to looting prompting the local citizens into a degree of opposition. A local resident by the name of General José Maria Cobos was a Mexican general and refugee living in exile due to the recent French invasion. General Cobos received permission from the civilian authorities in Brownsville to organize a force to resist the looters and subdue the fires started by the Confederate evacuation. Around noon General Banks personally arrived in the city and by 4:00pm the remaining Union forces arrived. Colonel Dye was put in command of the post and the Union army encamped in the city, the army barracks at Fort Brown having been destroyed. The Union forces also captured a large supply of cotton left behind by the Confederates.