13th Airborne Division (United States)
Several other operations were planned for the division after the end of Operation Varsity, but these operations were cancelled when their objectives were captured by the rapid advance of Allied ground forces and they became superfluous. After the end of the conflict in Europe, the 13th Airborne was shipped to the United States to stage there before it was to participate in the planned invasion of Japan, but the conflict in the Far East ended before it was required and it remained in the United States. The 13th Airborne Division was finally inactivated on 26 February 1946 and its combat personnel were transferred to the command of the 82nd Airborne Division.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Formation
The 13th Airborne Division was the fifth airborne division to be formed in the United States during World War II, and was officially activated on Friday 13 August 1943 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, under the command of Major General George W. Griner Jr. Only a few months after the activation of the division, however, Major General Griner was ordered to take command of the 98th Infantry Division, and was replaced by Major General Elbridge Chapman, who would go on to command the division for the rest of the conflict.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Formation
Chapman was one of the early pioneers of the American airborne concept, commanding the experimental 88th Airborne Infantry Battalion in late 1941 when he was a lieutenant colonel, before going on to take command of the 13th Airborne Division. The 88th Airborne Infantry Battalion would be renamed as the 88th Airborne Infantry Regiment, and then finally become the 88th Glider Infantry Regiment on 21 September 1942, forming the core of the 13th Airborne Division. When it was activated, the 13th Airborne Division was initially composed of the 515th Parachute Infantry Regiment, the 88th Glider Infantry Regiment and the 326th Glider Infantry Regiment.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Shoulder sleeve insignia
The division's shoulder patch, a winged unicorn in orange on an ultramarine blue, the branch of service colours of the United States Army Air Corps, was approved on 2 June 1943. A gold on black "Airborne" tab was worn above the insignia.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Shoulder sleeve insignia
The unicorn is associated, by tradition, with qualities of virtue, courage and strength. The horn of the unicorn signifies extreme courage. All of such virtues should be cultivated in all units. It is hoped that these virtues will be conspicuous in the 13th Airborne Division. The unicorn has been winged to represent its travel in the air as "Airborne." The blue background is the color of the Infantry, which is the basic arm of the Division, and also indicates the sky, which is the distinctive medium of travel for the Division.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
Between August 1943 and February 1945, the 13th Airborne Division remained in the United States and did not serve overseas or participate in any airborne operations, as it began training to become a combat-ready formation. In comparison, the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions had been assigned as active combat formations to serve overseas in Europe, the 11th Airborne Division was scheduled to be deployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations, and the 17th Airborne Division had been assigned as the United States strategic reserve formation.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
During this period, the activities of the division primarily involved airborne training, as well as taking part in several training exercises. However, while airborne training for the first four American airborne divisions was conducted during 1943, the 13th encountered considerable difficulties when it came to its turn for training.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
By the last few months of 1943 the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions had conducted airborne exercises and finished their training, and had then been transferred to Europe; to ensure the divisions could conduct airborne operations, a majority of the transport aircraft available in the United States had been sent with them, and even more were transferred to Europe as replacements after the American airborne landings in Normandy in June 1944. Consequently, very few transport aircraft were available for use by the 13th, and the original training exercise for the division that had been scheduled for June 1944 had to be postponed until 17 September, and then once again until 24 September.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
The divisional training exercise took place around Camp Mackall, North Carolina, and suffered from a number of difficulties and problems. Poor weather delayed the beginning of the exercise until the night of 25 September, and it was only then that the aircraft carrying the first three battalions of paratroopers could take off and attempt to drop the airborne troops on three separate drop zones. A combination of poor visibility, and a lack of sufficient training for the pilots of the transport aircraft, resulted in the paratroopers being dispersed widely when dropped.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
Only sixty-five percent of the airborne troops and equipment dropped on the first drop zone were ready for action ninety minutes later, and in the second drop zone the airborne troops were so scattered that by 10:00 the next morning the commander of the battalion only had control over twenty percent of his men. A similar number of paratroopers missed the third drop zone, although the majority were dropped in a relatively small area where they could gather.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
Further problems were encountered, as a plane crash killed eight paratroopers and four aircrew, and the glider-borne elements of the division due to land were delayed by poor weather. After the initial night, the exercise continued for a further three days and included a complex supply mission designed to test whether it was possible to supply an isolated battalion of airborne troops.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
Overall, observers present for the exercise reported that they had been impressed with the performance of the glider-borne elements of the division. However, several noted that the training of the aircraft pilots for night formation flying and navigation was far from satisfactory. A recommendation was made that night glider landings should be considered only when an emergency existed, and that otherwise gliders should take off during the night and land during daylight to avoid the wide dispersal of airborne troops and a decrease in efficiency. After these exercises had ended, the division continued to train, but encountered further delays.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, Training
These were caused when 1,652 men were removed from the division to provide reinforcements for U.S. Airborne units in the European Theater; this drastically reduced the strength of the division and forced it to extend its training period for a further four months. After completing its training in January the division was preparing to transfer to the Pacific Theatre in early 1945. However, the rapid advances made by German forces during the Battle of the Bulge led to the division being transferred to the European Theatre of Operations to reinforce Allied divisions already in combat.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
The division arrived in the European Theater of Operations in early February, coming under the command of the First Allied Airborne Army, and Major General Chapman was informed that there was a possibility that the division would be required to conduct airborne operations during the closing stages of the Battle of the Bulge. However, the campaign in the Ardennes ended before the division could be transported there.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
The next chance for the 13th to participate in an airborne operation, and to actually see combat, was in March 1945 when the Allies had penetrated into Germany itself and reached the River Rhine. A few weeks before the division was to participate in a combat jump over the Rhine it was reorganized, after a conference by the War Department had decided that a more efficient composition for an airborne division was two Parachute Infantry Regiments and only a single Glider Infantry Regiment.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
Subsequently, the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment, a veteran unit that had served in Italy, Southern France and the Ardennes, joined the division in early March, and the 88th Glider Infantry Regiment was combined into the 326th Glider Infantry Regiment that remained as the division's sole glider-based element. The 517th had recently fought during the Ardennes campaign, and had received a Presidential Unit Citation for its actions.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
The Rhine river was a formidable natural obstacle to the Allied advance, but if breached would allow the Allies access to the North German Plain and ultimately to advance on Berlin and other major cities in Northern Germany. Following the 'Broad Front Approach' laid out by General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, it was decided to attempt to breach the Rhine in several areas.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, commanding the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, devised a plan to allow the forces under his command to breach the Rhine, which he titled Operation Plunder, and which was subsequently authorized by Eisenhower. Plunder envisioned the British Second Army, under Lieutenant-General Miles C. Dempsey, and the U.S. Ninth Army, under Lieutenant General William Simpson, crossing the Rhine at Rees, Wesel, and an area south of the Lippe Canal.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
To ensure that the operation was a success, Montgomery insisted that an airborne component was inserted into the plans for the operation to support the amphibious assaults that would take place, which was code-named Operation Varsity. Three airborne divisions were initially chosen to take part in Varsity, these being the British 6th Airborne Division, the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, and finally the 13th, all of which were assigned to U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, commanded by Major General Matthew Ridgway. However, it was discovered that there were only enough transport aircraft available in Europe to transport two airborne divisions into combat, and as such it was removed from Operation Varsity due to its lack of combat experience.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
After its removal from Operation Varsity, the division remained in reserve as the Allied armies advanced even further into Germany, moving to Oise, France, on 3 April for supply and administrative tasks. The division was scheduled to participate in several other airborne operations; however, these were all cancelled before they could take place.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
The first of these was Operation Arena, which envisioned landing between six and ten divisions into what was termed a 'strategic airhead' in the Kassel region of Northern Germany; the planners of the operations envisioned that the operation would deny a large swathe of territory to the German defenders and give the Allied armies a staging area for further advances into Germany. The 13th was chosen to participate, along with the 17th, 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions and the British 6th and 1st Airborne Divisions.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
A preliminary date for 1 May was set for the operation once all of the required airborne and air-landed infantry divisions had been located and supplied, but it was ultimately cancelled on 26 March due to the rapid movement of Allied ground forces negating the need for the operation. Two other airborne operations were planned to include the 13th.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Actions during World War II, European Theater of Operations
Operation Choker II was to be an airborne landing on the east bank of the Rhine near Worms, Germany; planning for the operation got to an advanced stage, and the division was only hours from taking off from airfields in France when the operation was cancelled due to Allied ground forces overrunning the proposed landing areas. Operation Effective was designed to land the 13th south of Stuttgart, seize a nearby airfield and create an airhead for further forces to land in near the Black Forest. The operation was scheduled for 22 April, but was cancelled on 18 April due to Allied units encircling the Black Forest region and making it unnecessary.


13th Airborne Division (United States), Awards
During World War II members of the division were awarded the following awards:


13th Airborne Division (United States), Inactivation
The conflict with Germany came to an end a few weeks after Operation Effective was cancelled, and shortly afterwards it was announced that the division would be redeployed to the Pacific to participate in the invasion of Japan after a brief stop-over in the United States. The deactivation of the 17th Airborne Division meant that the 13th acquired several combat units from that division to bolster it for its envisioned action in Japan. The division arrived in New York City on 23 August, but did not leave the United States before the surrender of Japan in September 1945. With the conflict at an end, the division was no longer required by the United States Army, and it was permanently inactivated at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on 25 February 1946, with its personnel transferred to the command of the 82nd Airborne Division.


13th Airborne Division Artillery
The 13th Airborne Division Artillery is an inactive field artillery unit of the United States Army, active from 1943-1946. The unit served with the 13th Airborne Division in World War II and deployed to France, but was not committed to combat, although the 460th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion saw action with the 517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team before its assignment to the division.


13th Airborne Division Artillery, Lineage & honors, Lineage
Unofficial; estimated from the lineage of the 13th Airborne Division, posted by the Airborne and Special Operations Museum at .


13th Airlift Squadron (Polish Air Force)
13th Airlift Squadron – also referred to as 13.ELTR - 13 Eskadra Lotnictwa Transportowego in Poland – is an airlift squadron of Polish Air Force established in 1963 in Kraków, Poland. The squadron is stationed in the 8th Air Base.


13th Airmobile Battalion (Ukraine)
The 13th Separate Airmobile Battalion is a formation of the Ukrainian Airmobile Forces. The Battalion is made up of fully professional soldiers. The main purpose of the Battalion is to take part in peacekeeping operations.


13th Airmobile Battalion (Ukraine), Deployments
Member of the Battalion pave served in Iraq and Kosovo.


13th Alberta Legislature
The 13th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from August 17, 1955, to May 9, 1959, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1955 Alberta general election held on June 29, 1955. The Legislature officially resumed on August 17, 1955, and continued until the fifth session was prorogued on April 7, 1959, and dissolved on May 9, 1959, prior to the 1959 Alberta general election.


13th Alberta Legislature
Alberta's thirteenth government was controlled by the majority Social Credit Party for the sixth time, led by Premier Ernest Manning who would go on to be the longest serving Premier in Alberta history. The Official Opposition was led by James Harper Prowse a member of the Alberta Liberal Party until the fifth session when Grant MacEwan became the leader of the Official Opposition. The Speaker was Peter Dawson who would serve until his death during the 15th legislature on March 24, 1963.


13th Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards
The 13th Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards ceremony honoring the winners and nominees of the best of Tamil cinema in 2019 is an event that was held on 11 January 2020 in Chennai, India.


13th Anniversary Show - Live In Holland
13th Anniversary Show - Live In Holland is a live album by the Residents featuring Snakefinger. Like The Eyeball Show album, this was not released by Ralph Records (The Residents' personal record label) but instead by Torso Records, which was The Residents European distributor at the time. In 2017 the album was pressed on vinyl by Secret Records.


13th Anniversary Show - Live In Holland, Reception
The album was negatively received by some, being considered a lazier, cheaper produced, version of their great earlier songs.


13th Annual Grammy Awards
The 13th Annual Grammy Awards were held on 16 March 1971, on ABC, and marked the ceremony's first live telecast. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1970. The ceremony was hosted for the first time by Andy Williams.


13th Annual Honda Civic Tours
The 13th Annual Honda Civic Tours was a concert tour that showcasing three distinct genres of music, as well as becoming a significant pillar of the new  music platform. Alternative rock bands Grouplove and Portugal. The Man co-headlined the first tour which kicked off on August 10, 2014, in Seattle. This tour included support acts Typhoon and Tokyo Police Club on various dates. The second of three tours with Brooklyn-based pop/rock band American Authors began on October 1, 2014. Support for the second tour included Echosmith, The Mowgli's and Oh Honey on select dates. Additionally, Latin DJ trio 3BallMTY will headline the final tour of the series which began in mid-November and ran through December 21, 2014.


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on Thursday, November 15, 2012 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the fifth time the awards was held at this venue and in Las Vegas. It also marks the last year in the Latin Recording Academy's contract where the Mandalay Bay Events Center hosted. It is unknown if the awards will continue to be held at this location beyond 2012.


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
Recordings must have been released between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012 in order to be eligible for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards. Nominations were announced on September 25, 2012. Juan Luis Guerra led the nominations field with six; Jesse & Joy earned five nods; Ricardo Arjona, Edgar Barrera, Juanes, Carla Morrison, Arturo Sandoval, Ivete Sangalo, and Caetano Veloso each received four nominations. The telecast was aired on Univision at 8pm/7c. Caetano Veloso was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 14, 2012.


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
Jesse & Joy won four awards including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for "¡Corre! ", Juanes took the Album of the Year for MTV Unplugged and 3BallMTY was named Best New Artist.


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Changes to award categories
On May 10, 2012 the Latin Recording Academy announced that The Academy's Trustees approved changes in the general and pop fields and expanded the Rock and Tropical fields, bringing the total number of categories from 46 to 47:


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, General
Jesse & Joy and Tommy Torres — "¡Corre!" (Jesse & Joy)


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Pop
Jesse & Joy — ¿Con Quién Se Queda El Perro?


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Rock
Roberto Musso — "Cuando Sea Grande" (El Cuarteto de Nos)


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Tropical
Yoel Henríquez and Alex Puentes — "Toma Mi Vida" (Milly Quezada featuring Juan Luis Guerra)


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Regional Mexican
Luis Carlos Monroy and Adrian Pieragostino — "El Mejor Perfume" (La Original Banda El Limón de Salvador Lizárraga)


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Instrumental
Chick Corea, Eddie Gómez and Paul Motian — Further Explorations


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Jazz
Arturo Sandoval — Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You)


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Brazilian
Beth Carvalho — Nosso Samba Tá na RuaEmilio Santiago — So Danço Samba ao Vivo


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Brazilian
Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and Ivete Sangalo — Especial Ivete, Gil e Caetano


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Brazilian
Chitãozinho & Xororó — Chitãozinho & Xororó - 40 Anos - Sinfônico


13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Production
Gregg Field, Don Murray and Paul Blakemore — Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You) (Arturo Sandoval)


13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
The 13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (13th AAA Bn) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1942 as the 13th Defense Battalion, its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion defended Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Hawaii. The battalion was the first Defense/AAA Battalion to be decommissioned during the war officially folding its flag on September 7, 1944.


13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Organization
The 11th Defense Battalion was commissioned on September 25, 1942 at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba. The battalion's Headquarters and Service Battery was formed by the re-designation of the Marine Barracks, Naval Operating Base, Guantanamo Bay. The rest of the battalion's personnel were later joined from training units in North Carolina. The battalion remained at Guantanamo Bay. Cuba providing air and coastal defense until March 5, 1944 when it embarked on the SS George Washington bound for the United States. The battalion arrived in New Orleans on March 11, 1944 with follow on travel to Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.


13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, History, Organization
Beginning in 1944 the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force. Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on April 15, 1944. In July 1944 the battalion travelled to the West Coase and sailed for Pearl Harbor, arriving on August 14, 1944. The 13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned on September 7, 1944 making it the first of the Defense/AAA Battalions to be decommissioned.


13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 13th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:


13th Arabian Gulf Cup
The 13th Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي) was held in Oman, in October 1996.


13th Arabian Gulf Cup
The tournament was won by Kuwait for the 8th time


13th Arabian Gulf Cup
Iraq continued to be banned from the tournament because of invasion of Kuwait in 1990.


13th Arabian Gulf Cup, Tournament
The teams played a single round-robin style competition. The team achieving first place in the overall standings was the tournament winner.


13th Arizona State Legislature
The 13th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1937 to December 31, 1938, during Rawghlie Clement Stanford's first and only term as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators and representatives remained constant, with 19 and 51 members respectively. While the Democrats regained one hundred percent of the senate seats, the Republicans broke the Democrats complete domination in the house, managing to obtain a single seat, one of the two from Navajo County.


13th Arizona State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Phoenix on January 11, 1937; and adjourned on March 13. There were four special sessions. The first ran from May 10 through May 29, 1937; the second ran from June 2 through June 22, 1937; the third special session was convened on July 22, 1937 and adjourned on August 4.   and the fourth and final special session ran from September 15 – October 4, 1938.


13th Arizona State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


13th Arizona State Legislature, House of Representatives, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. The size of the House remained constant from the prior legislature: 51 seats.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature
The 13th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which began on January 12, 1885, in Prescott, Arizona. The session's accomplishments included allocation of a variety of territorial institutions including a university, normal school, prison, and insane asylum. Nicknames bestowed to the session include the "bloody thirteenth" due to fights in the halls of government and nearby saloons, and the "thieving thirteenth" due to the very large appropriations approved by this legislature.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
During the Apache Wars, the primary source of cash for many Arizona towns was a nearby military post. By the mid-1880s, subjugation of the Apache was largely completed and the settlements saw territorial institutions as an economic replacement for the forts. The territorial capital and an anticipated insane asylum were considered the best source of revenues. A potential university and normal school were considered of lesser importance with a common line of the day being, "Who ever heard of a professor buying a drink?"


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
The other big concern facing the territory was an influx of Mormon settlers. About 2000 Mormon settlers had arrived in Arizona Territory during 1884, raising their totals to 5000 settlers, and their political opponents suspected the LDS Church was trying to create a large enough voting block to take over Arizona (at the time a majority of Idaho's legislature was Mormon and the church had been able to determine Wyoming's delegate to Congress). In response to the influx, five of the settlers were tried and convicted of polygamy.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
Political response to the convictions was largely favorable, with the New York Times writing, "This is a very good beginning. If there are among the new settlers other men who have violated the law they should be promptly prosecuted and sent to the penitentiary. In no other way can the growth of polygamy in Arizona be checked."


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
Prior to the legislative session, a group of Tucson businessmen had raised a US$5,000 slush fund to lobby for the return of the territorial capital. The delegation from Pima County was delayed by flooding on the Salt River, forcing a detour through Los Angeles and Sacramento, California, before they could reach Prescott. While this detour was occurring, 7 of the 12 members of the Council met privately and had reached an agreement to block any legislation that would move the capital from Prescott, the penitentiary from Yuma, weaken anti-Mormon legislation, divide Cochise county, or create anti-railroad legislation.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session
The legislative session had been scheduled to begin on January 12, 1885, but due to delays in member's arrivals the session was unable to form a quorum until January 19 in the House and January 21 in the council. Among the first problems befalling the session was dealing with travel expenses. The detours taken to avoid flooding on the Salt River resulted in the members from Pima County requesting US$330 each for the 2,200 miles (3,500 km) journey to and from Prescott.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session
To this was added a claim by F.K. Ainsworth, a resident of Prescott, for US$225 in travel expenses under the belief he could claim a journey from any point in the territory he represented. In an effort to keep expenses under the US$25,960 authorized by the U. S. Congress for the session, Territorial Treasurer H. M. Van Arman decided to only pay members their four dollar per diem for days they actually served in the session. The legislatures compensated for this limitation by consuming a greater volume of stationery and other supplies than had been budgeted for.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session
During the session there were several instances of legislative violence, both within the halls of government and the nearby saloons. One such instance occurred when Council member W. C. Bridwell struck a lobbyist for the Arizona Copper Company, resulting in a bloody nose and broken glasses for the lobbyist. The lobbyist responded by challenging Bridwell to a duel. The two men were separated by mutual friends before they could decide upon appropriate weapons. Another instance involved a feud fought with bullwhip and a monkey wrench.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
Frederick Augustus Tritle spoke to the legislature on January 24, 1885. Tritle's interest in agriculture was emphasized during the address, and he recommended the legislature ask the U.S. Congress for funds to provide funds to a geological survey designed to locate water sources within the territory along with locations suitable for creating water reservoirs. Other concerns raised included legislation to prevent Texas cattle fever from spreading to Arizona and creation of a permanent militia. Tritle also used the occasion to call for the United States to purchase land from Mexico for the purpose of providing Arizona with direct access to the Pacific ocean.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
The key pieces of legislation passed by the session involved allocation of various institutions throughout the territory. The 13th allowed the territorial capital remain in Prescott and Yuma kept the territorial prison. Despite claims that it would be less expensive to continue a deal allowing the territory to send mental patients to a Stockton, California facility at a cost to the territory of six dollars per day, Phoenix received a US$100,000 appropriation for a new insane asylum. Funds for a new levee near Yuma were approved along with US$12,000 for a new bridge over the Gila River near Florence. An allocation of US$5,000 was made for a normal school in Tempe.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
Upon seeing the other political plums already picked, Selim M. Franklin made an appeal near the end of the session to locate a university in Tucson saying, "We have been called the Fighting Thirteenth, the Bloody Thirteenth and the Thieving Thirteenth. We have deserved these names and we know it. ... Here is an opportunity to wash away our sins. Let us establish an institution of learning, where for all time to come the youth of the land may learn to become better citizens than we are, and all our shortcomings will be forgotten in a misty past and we will be remembered for this one great achievement."


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
Other actions taken by the session included authorizing US$292,000 in bonds for a railroad connecting Prescott to the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad and US$200,000 in bonds for a rail link from Phoenix to the Southern Pacific line in Maricopa. A bill to reinstate a bullion tax was rejected and a proposal to create the County of Sierra Bonita, with Willcox as the county seat, was rejected by a single vote.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Aftermath
Following the close of the legislative session there were a number of events that occurred because of the session. As part of the bills authorizing creation of the university and normal school, each receiving community was required to donate a plot of land for the new schools. Tempe enthusiastically accepted the normal school and arranged for the needed 20 acres (0.081 km2); the Tempe Normal School eventually expanded, ending up as Arizona State University.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Aftermath
Tucson was much less enthusiastic about receiving the university and if not for two gamblers and a saloon keeper donating 40 acres (0.16 km2) east of the town for campus, the town would have allowed the university authorization to expire. The University of Arizona remains in Tucson to this day. After completion of the bridge near Florence, the Gila shifted course away from the bridge site.


13th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Aftermath
Several investigations into events of legislative session were conducted. A federal grand jury in Tucson found the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature exceeded the $4000 legal limitation for operating expenses by $46,744.50. A latter grand jury meeting in Prescott reported the legislature had authorized US$19,967 in printing expenses and spent US$3,076.90 to deliver territorial newspapers to legislators. The session was also found to have exceeded federal staffing limitations by employing fifty-one clerks, eight janitors, and four pages.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
The 13th Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. Organized mainly from companies, including several prewar volunteer militia companies, raised in northeastern Arkansas, the regiment was among the first transferred to Confederate Service, and spent virtually the entire war serving in Confederate forces east of the Mississippi River. After the unit sustained heavy casualties during the Battle of Murfreesboro, the unit spent most of the rest of the war field consolidated with the 13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, to form the 5th/13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Organization
The 13th Arkansas was formally organized on July 29, 1861, at Camp Ground in Greene County, Arkansas, with about 1,000 men. The companies (less Co. K) mustered into Confederate service at Harrisburg, Arkansas, on July 23, 1861. Company K, the "Erin Guards," was from St. Louis, Missouri; the rest of the companies were from northeast Arkansas. Colonel A. D. Grayson was the mustering officer. The regiment was organized from the following companies:


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Organization
The original regimental officers elected at the formation of the regiment were:


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The 13th Arkansas was ordered to a camp at Belmont, Missouri, just across the river from Columbus, Kentucky. On November 7, 1861, Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant landed troops from Cairo, Illinois, via steamer on the Missouri side of the river. The "Camp of Observation", occupied by the 13th Arkansas, was briefly overrun by Union forces, who set fire to the camp. Grant's forces were eventually driven off and, in the process, the 13th gained its first combat experience. Unfortunately in the process, it lost its original muster rolls which were lost when the regiment's camp was burned. As a result, the oldest surviving documents are from the regimental reorganization that took place nine months later in April 1862. Consequently, the names of several hundred of the regiment's original members have been lost to history.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew his forces into western Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and Alabama to reorganize. The 13th Arkansas was assigned to Brigadier General Alexander P. Stewart's 2nd Brigade of Brigadier General Charles Clark's 1st Division of Major General Leonidas Polk's 1st Army Corps, of General Albert S. Johnston's Army of Mississippi. The regiment suffered heavy casualties at the Battle of Shiloh. It lost 100 soldiers killed, wounded and missing, which represented almost one third of the 306 engaged there. Colonel Tappan was sick and absent on the first day of the battle so command fell to Lieutenant Colonel A. D. Grayson, who was killed in action while leading a charge. Upon Grayson's death, command of the regiment fell to Major James A. McNeely.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
In April 1862 the Confederate Army underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1962. All twelve-month regiments had to re-muster and enlist for two years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh. The 13th Arkansas reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862, and the following field officers were elected:


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
As a result of the reorganization in April 1862, the companies were re-lettered and new commanders were elected as follows:


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
Note: Company E (originally commanded by Captain R. C. Flournoy), from Desha County, had been attached to the 7th Kentucky Infantry as (old) Company K. It was transferred to the 13th Arkansas in the reorganization.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
Despite their heavy losses at Shiloh the regiment continued to function as a part of the Army of the Mississippi. By the time they took part in the Battle of Perryville the regiment had been consolidated with the 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Josey's), which had formerly been commanded by Colonel Cleburne. The unit was assigned to Brigadier General Patrick Ronayne Cleburne's 2nd Brigade of Major General Simon Bolivar Buckner's 3rd Division of William Joseph Hardee's Corps of the Army of Mississippi. The regiment lost 6 killed and 23 wounded at the Battle of Richmond, Kentucky.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
After the Kentucky Campaign, the unit was assigned to General Liddell/Govan's Brigade, Cleburn's Division, Army of Tennessee. It would remain in this brigade for the rest of the war. In 1863, the 13th Arkansas was consolidated with the 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and placed under the command of Colonel Lucius E. Polk of the 15th. It was consolidated with the 15th Arkansas at Murfreesboro. The 13th/15th reported 68 casualties in the fight at Murfreesboro.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The 13th was field consolidated with the 5th Arkansas in September, 1863 and remained consolidated with the 5th until the closing month of the war. The regiment took part in the Battle of Chickamauga and the Tullahoma Campaign along with many other major engagements. The 5th/13th lost forty-five percent of the 450 at Chickamauga, had 21 men disabled at Ringgold Gap, totaled 321 men and 222 arms in December 1863, and reported 112 casualties at the Battle of Atlanta.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The regiment and the rest of Govan's Brigade participated in General John B. Hood's disastrous Franklin-Nashville Campaign. Due to the appalling losses suffered by Govan's Brigade during the Atlanta Campaign, the 1st/15th, 5th/13th and 2nd/24th Arkansas Regiments were consolidated into one regiment, which was commanded by Colonel Peter Green of the 5th/13th (specifically of the 5th). The other officers of the consolidated regiment were Major Alexander T. Meek, of the 2nd/24th Arkansas, Captain Mordecai P. Garrett and Sergeant Major Thomas Benton Moncrief of the 15th Arkansas.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The consolidated regiment fought under the colors of the consolidated 5th/13th Arkansas Regiment, because this was one of the only colors not captured when Govan's Brigade was overrun at the Battle of Jonesboro. The flag of the combined 5th/13th Arkansas was issued in March 1864 and was captured by Benjamin Newman of the 88th Illinois Infantry at the battle of Franklin. The consolidated regiment numbered just 300 rifles and sustained 66% casualties during the Battle of Franklin.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Battles
The remnants of Govan's Brigade that survived the Tennessee Campaign remained with the Army of Tennessee through its final engagements in the 1865 Carolinas Campaign. The 13th Arkansas is credited with the following engagements:


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, African Americans in Confederate Service
A Lieutenant Shelton of the 13th Arkansas apparently took an African American slave with him to battle:


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, African Americans in Confederate Service
In the recent battle of Belmont, lieutenant Shelton, of the 13th Arkansas Infantry regiment, had his servant Jack in the fight. Both Jack and his master were wounded, but not till they had made most heroic efforts to drive back the insolent invaders. Finally, after Jack had fired at the enemy twenty-seven times, he fell seriously wounded in the arm. Jacks' son was upon the field, and loaded the rifle for his father, who shot at the enemy three times after he was upon the ground.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, African Americans in Confederate Service
Jack’s son hid behind a tree, and when the enemy retreated, they took him to Cairo and refused to let him return. Jack was taken from the field in great pain, and brought to the Overton Hospital, where he bore his sufferings with great fortitude till death relieved him of his pains yesterday. His example may throw a flood of light upon the fancied philanthropy of abolitionism. Jack was a brave and obedient servant, and deserves all praise for his heroic conduct upon the bloody field of Belmont.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Flags
There are two flags associated with the 13th Arkansas known to be in existence; the flag of the Erin Guards, Company K, and the flag of the combined 5th and 13th Arkansas Infantry regiment. The flag of the Erin Guards is a 1st National Flag Pattern with the words "VICTORY or DEATH" inscribed on the white strip. The flag had a circle of ten stars on a blue field with an eleventh star in the center of the circle. The flag is currently in the collection of the Missouri Historical Society in St. Louis, Missouri.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Flags
The flag of the 5th and 13th Consolidated Arkansas Infantry Regiment, and its flag staff, are thought to be in private hands. The flag of the combined 5th/13th Arkansas was issued in March, 1864 and was captured by Benjamin Newman of the 88th Illinois Infantry at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee. The flag-staff for this flag is also in private hands and it is stenciled; "5th & 6th Arkansas – B. Newman".


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Flags
The curator of the Carter House in Franklin, Tom Carter, says it was mistakenly labeled, and should have been the "5th & 13th", which were consolidated at the time of the battle. The 6th Arkansas by that time was consolidated with the 7th Arkansas. Research shows the flag at that time was a "white moon on a blue field". The 5th/13th Arkansas flag, was one of five captured by the 88th Illinois at the Battle of Franklin, and none were forwarded to the War Department.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Flags
It was last seen at Nashville when the 88th Illinois displayed the captured flags to General Thomas. The division commander stated, "They were afterward sent home by those who captured them. Since then they have been ordered to be returned, and will be forwarded to department headquarters as soon as they arrive." However, none were ever returned.


13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Consolidation and surrender
The remnants of ten depleted Arkansas regiments, along with one mostly-Arkansas regiment, in the Army of Tennessee were consolidated into a single regiment at Smithfield, North Carolina, on April 9, 1865. The 1st Arkansas, was lumped together with the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 15th, 19th and 24th Arkansas Infantry Regiments and the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment as the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry. On April 26, 1865, the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment was present with the Army of Tennessee when it surrendered in Greensboro, North Carolina.


13th Armored Division (United States)
The 13th Armored Division was an armored division of the United States Army in World War II.


13th Armored Division (United States), History and combat chronicle
The division was activated on 15 October 1942 at Camp Beale, east of Marysville, California.


13th Armored Division (United States), History and combat chronicle
The 13th Armored, known as the Black Cats, landed at Le Havre, France, 29 January 1945. After performing occupation duties, the Division moved to Homberg near Kassel to prepare for combat under the Third Army, 5 April. At Altenkirchen, it was attached to the XVIII Airborne Corps and prepared for the Ruhr Pocket operation. The attack jumped off at Honnef, 10 April. After crossing the river Sieg at Siegburg, the 13th pushed north to Bergisch Gladbach, then toward Duisburg and Mettmann by 18 April.


13th Armored Division (United States), History and combat chronicle
Shifting south to Eschenau, the Division prepared for Bavarian operations. Starting from Parsberg, 26 April, the 13th crossed the Regen river, then the Danube at Matting and secured the area near Dünzling. On the 28th, elements closed in at Plattling and crossed the Isar River. Moderate to heavy resistance was met during this drive through southern Germany. The Division smashed into Braunau am Inn, Austria, 2 May, and the command post was set up in the house where Hitler was born. A bridgehead across the Inn was established at Marktl, but the river was not crossed as orders came to reassemble north of Inn River, 2 May.


13th Armored Division (United States), History and combat chronicle
Preparations were made for further advances when the war in Europe ended. The 13th remained in Germany until 25 June and left Le Havre, France, for home, 14 July 1945.


13th Armored Division (United States), History and combat chronicle
The division moved to Camp Cook, California after returning to the United States. It was training in amphibious operations at the time of the Japanese surrender. The men were aware that it was an open secret that they were likely to participate in the invasion of Japan. It was inactivated on 15 November 1945.


13th Armored Division (United States), History and combat chronicle
The division was reactivated in 1947, reflagged from the 19th Armored Division, which had been "placed on rolls", but not actually activated, during World War II. The 19th Armored Division was eventually activated just after the war, and allotted to the Sixth Army area of the Organized Reserves (specifically California, Oregon, and Arizona). In 1947, the 19th Armored Division was reflagged as the 13th Armored Division at California's request. In 1952, the division was reflagged as the 63rd Infantry Division in Los Angeles, California, and thus the 13th Armored Division was finally inactivated.


13th Armoured Regiment (India)
13th Armoured Regiment, is an armoured regiment which is part of the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army.


13th Armoured Regiment (India), Formation
The regiment was initially raised with Sikhs, Rajputs and South Indian classes, but was later converted to an all-class regiment. The regiment was raised on 21 December 1984 by Lt Col Balram Singh Mehta at Ahmednagar.


13th Armoured Regiment (India), History
It was first equipped with Vijayanta tanks and later with T-90 tanks. It first assignment however was in counter-insurgency duties in Jammu and Kashmir.


13th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The Regiment had the honour of participating in the 1987 and 2009 Republic Day Parades with the Vijayanta and T-90 tanks respectively.


13th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The Regiment was presented the ‘President’s Standards’ at Babina on 19 October 2010 by the then President of India, Ms Prathiba Patil.


13th Armoured Regiment (India), Regimental Insignia
The cap badge of the unit is a sunburst with crossed lances and pennons. The regimental motto is inscribed on a circlet within the sunburst. Initially, the entire badge was made of white metal. This was later changed with the sunburst being converted to brass with no change of white metal for the rest of the badge. The shoulder title consists of the numeral "13" in brass.


13th Army (RSFSR)
The 13th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which existed between 5 March 1919 and 12 November 1920.


13th Army (RSFSR), History
Its predecessor was the Group of Forces on the Kursk direction, formed on 18 November 1918, under leadership of I.S. Kozhevnikov from troops arriving from the frontlines of the First World War. After its assignment to the Southern Front in December 1918, where it participated in January 1919 in the successful Voronezh–Povorino Operation, it was renamed as the Donetsk Group of Forces in February 1919, and in March reformed as the 13th Army.


13th Army (RSFSR), History
In Spring 1919, it suffered serious losses in the Battle of the Donbass. In August and September 1919, together with the 8th Army, it became part of the Selivachyov Group, named after its commander Vladimir Selivachyov. On 10 January 1920 the Southern Front was renamed as the Southwestern of which the 13th Army remained a part. In September 1920 it was assigned to the second creation of the Southern Front, at that time fighting against Wrangel.


13th Army (RSFSR), History
During the Civil War the Army's force structure was highly dynamic with most subunits operating as part of operational groups. These included Special (reserve) Group (two regiments and a battery), Left Group (two divisions, cavalry and infantry brigades), Shock Group (Latvian division, Cossack cavalry brigade and separate brigade), and Perekopskaya Group (Latvian and 3rd divisions, 8th cavalry division, Nesterov group, and later 52nd division and 85th brigade of the 29th division).


13th Army (RSFSR), History
This last group fought on the approaches to Crimea, and experienced many changes, at one time including a group of armoured trains and the 1st Cavalry corps, but was eventually split between the Ekaterinoslav direction group of forces and the 6th Army. The rest of the 13th fought towards the southern coast of the Black sea between Perekop and north-east of Odessa. In October 1920 the army lost many of its units to the 2nd Cavalry Army.


13th Army (RSFSR), History
This first 13th Army participated in operations spanning an area from the southern Kursk gubernia to then Crimea. She fought against Denikin, the Don nationalist Cossacks and Wrangel. participated in the offensive into Donbass, and its defence, the Orel–Kursk operation and in the Perekop-Chongar Operation.


13th Army (RSFSR), History
On November 12, 1920 the 13th Army was disbanded. Its administration was merged with the management of the 4th Army. Its last location of headquarters was in the city of Slavyansk.


13th Army (Russian Empire)
The 13th Army was a field army of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.


13th Army (Russian Empire)
The headquarters of the 13th Army was formed on 16 May 1915. The Army served as a link between the Northwestern and Southwestern fronts. When in August 1915, the North-Western Front was split into the Northern and Western Front, the 13th Army was disbanded. Its troops were incorporated into the 3rd Army and the staff took over command of the 12th Army.


13th Army (Soviet Union)
The 13th Army (Russian: 13-я армия, romanized: 13-ya armiya) was a name given to several field armies of the Soviet Union's Red Army. Later armies existed until the 1990s, and the army survived as part of the Ukrainian Ground Forces for some years.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Russo-Finnish War
The 13th Army was created again at the end of December 1939 as a separate 13th Army in the course of the Soviet advance into the Karelian Isthmus when the 7th Army was split into two, and also renamed separate, after being substantially reinforced. As part of the 1940 February Vyborg offensive they were coordinated by the North Western Front in Leningrad, both armies were able to breach either first or second defensive positions in the Mannerheim Line, but were unable to breach the main position. The separate 13th Army was allocated three of the eight rifle corps assigned to the operation.


13th Army (Soviet Union), World War II
The 13th Army (1st formation) headquarters was formed in May 1941 in the Western Special Military District, starting on 5 May in Mogilev in accordance with the decision of Central Committee of the Communist Party and Sovnarkom of the USSR No.1113-460cc. dated 23 April 1941. It was intended to comprised 21st, 2nd, and 44th Rifle Corps. In the beginning of June Lieutenant General Pyotr Filatov arrived to take command. From the beginning of Operation Barbarossa the Army included the 21st Rifle Corps, 50th Rifle Division, the 8th Anti -Tank Artillery Brigade and a number of other separate units.


13th Army (Soviet Union), World War II
From the end of June 1941 the Army conducted defensive operations in the Minsk Fortified Region, on the Borisov direction and on the Dnieper river. The formation conducted operations as part of the Soviet Western Front and the Soviet Central Front. Parts of the Army held up the Wehrmacht advance for almost three weeks near Mogilyev. The 172nd Rifle Division under Major General Mikhail Romanov especially distinguished itself in the combat. Parts of the Army participated in the Battle of Smolensk from 10 July to 10 September 1941. During September and October 1941 the Army was operating as part of the Bryansk Front and included the 6th Rifle Division.


13th Army (Soviet Union), World War II
The Army fought as part of the Central Front in the Battle of Kursk in July 1943 under General N.P. Pukhov, numbering four corps with twelve rifle divisions (including the 75th Guards Rifle Division). The Army finished its war service in Germany within the 1st


13th Army (Soviet Union), World War II
Ukrainian Front in 1945, consisting of the 24th Rifle Corps (117th Guards Rifle Division, 280th Rifle Division, 395th Rifle Division), 27th Rifle Corps (6th Guards Rifle Division and 121st Guards Rifle Division), 102nd Rifle Corps (147th Rifle Division and 172nd Rifle Divisions, which took part in the Battle of Halbe), 17th Artillery Division, and many other smaller artillery and other formations.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Soviet Army
The Army was located for the entire postwar period in the Lviv and Carpathian Military Districts, initially comprising three Rifle Corps with a total of nine rifle divisions. From 1947 to 1949 it was commanded by General Issa Pliyev who was a renowned commander of several Cavalry mechanized groups during the war. It was for much of this period headquartered at Rovno. Almost all its divisions were Guards formations: the 17th, 51st, 97th (the former 40th, 15th, and 97th Rifle Divisions). Only the 24th (subsequently resubordinated to Military District control) and the 161st Rifle Division were not Guards, but both were renowned combat formations.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Soviet Army
In 1960 the 24th Motor Rifle Division was transferred to district control. In January 1965 the 99th Motor Rifle Division was redesignated the 161st Motor Rifle Division.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Soviet Army
On 22 February 1968 the army was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Soviet Army
In 1970 the 275th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) was activated, and the 62nd Anti- Aircraft Rocket Brigade was transferred from the 8th Tank Army.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Soviet Army
In 1987 the 275th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) was disbanded.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Soviet Army
Also part of the army in the late 1980s were the 119th and 442nd Independent Helicopter Regiments (Mi-24s), 62nd Anti- Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Lyuboml), 49th Independent Engineer Regiment, and 38th Rocket Brigade (Kremenets). In January 1992, the army, its facilities and most of the equipment was transferred to the newly-sovereign Ukraine.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Ukrainian Army
On 18 March 1992, in accordance with Decree No. 161 of the President of Ukraine, Major General Petro Shulyak was assigned as the army commander.


13th Army (Soviet Union), Ukrainian Army
Oleksandr Zatynaiko later became commander. On 27 December 1993, the 13th Army was redesignated as the 13th Army Corps.


13th Army Band (United States)
The 13th Army Band is a United States National Guard military band stationed in Miramar, Florida. The unit is a part of the Florida National Guard, headquartered at St. Augustine. According to retired Adjutant General, Major General Michael A. Calhoun, the band is the "best kept secret in the National Guard. The band is under the direction of CW3 Stephen K. Rivero and performs at musical support for military functions, civic events and air shows.


13th Army Band (United States), Commanders
CWO Murray Austrian (15 APR 1947 – 14 NOV 1963)


13th Army Band (United States), Commanders
CW4 Everett F. Nichols (15 NOV 1963 – 28 APR 1970)


13th Army Band (United States), Commanders
CW5 Douglas A. Phifer (3 APR 1978 – 30 SEP 2010)


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
The 13th Army Band has a lineage dating back to 1930, when it was organized as the band section of the 265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment in Miami, which was the 265th Coast Artillery at the time. The 265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment Band supported harbor security operations in Ft. Crockett, Texas and Ft. Greely, Alaska through World War II. In 1944, it was re-designated as the 96th Army Ground Forces Band, which served until its deactivation in 1945.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1946, the band was re-designated as the 51st Infantry Division Band. The 51st Infantry Division was composed of National Guardsmen from South Carolina and Florida and the band usually performed Annual Training with the infantry at bases such as Ft. Polk and Ft. McClellan.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1947 the band was activated for flood relief in Ft. Lauderdale and for the opening of Everglades National Park.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1952, the band earned the Eisenhower Trophy for being, "the most outstanding company sized unit in the Florida National Guard."


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1957, the band moved to the North Miami Armory.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
From 17–26 March 1960, the band was activated for flood relief in the Tampa area.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1963 the band was reorganized and re-designated as the 13th Army Band of the Florida National Guard. With the entire state of Florida as its Area of Operations, the band took missions from the Goodwill Ball in downtown Miami in 1970, to gubernatorial inaugurations every four years in Tallahassee, and everything in between. The band has performed in hundreds of civic parades, military pass and reviews, and became a staple at the annual OCS graduations at Camp Blanding and the National Guard Association Conferences, held around the state.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1973, the band enlisted one of the first females into the Florida National Guard, Susan Seaman. Previously, women were only allowed in the Guard as Army nurses.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1975 and 1976, the band had a variety of high-profile performances in celebration of the National Bicentennial, the US' 200th birthday. In the early 1980s, elements of the band were mobilized for civil missions during the McDuffie riots and the Mariel boatlift. In 1985, Voice of America requested the band play a series of concerts at a relay station in Costa Rica. The band performed in neighboring Panama as well as Costa Rica. Later that year the band was invited to perform for the 10th anniversary ceremony of NGPEC in Arkansas. In 1987, the 13th Army Band was awarded the Army National Guard Superior Unit Award. The following year the band was invited to Washington DC to perform for the Association of the United States Army.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1990, the band traveled to the Dominican Republic and to Morocco on cultural exchange assignments. In Santo Domingo, the band was mobbed wherever they went and they were treated as stars after performing on a local television variety show. The Moroccan visit was to support State Department employees and to perform patriotic 4 July receptions at American embassies in Rabat and Casablanca.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 1992, South Florida was devastated by Hurricane Andrew. The band was immediately activated to organize relief supply distribution to affected civilians. As soon as enough troops were in place to continue that mission, the band began to perform for thousands of Floridians who were homeless or had no power.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
Throughout the 1990s and continuing today, the band has supported requests from SOUTHCOM as well as other military branches including the Coast Guard. The 13th is one of a very few National Guard units authorized to wear the Coast Guard Meritorious Team Commendation ribbon.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In the early 2000s, bandsmen volunteered for border patrol operations and counter-drug assignments among other operations during the Global War on Terrorism. The 13th Army Band was awarded the Adjutant General's Trophy in 2004, for superior performance as a unit.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
The band was crucial in the dedication of the World War II memorial in Tallahassee in 2005. Bandsmen, and particularly buglers, have worked constantly at cemeteries throughout Florida as part of the Military Funeral Honors teams. They give the last solemn farewell to fallen veterans.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
Throughout 2005, Florida was hit with a rash of hurricanes. The 13th Army Band was partially activated for Hurricane Frances and fully activated for Hurricane Wilma.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
During Hurricane Wilma recovery efforts, the band offloaded over 180 tractor-trailers full of relief supplies. A band detachment worked in the Florida Keys distributing over 10,000 meals and countless pounds of ice and water.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 2007, 13th Army Band personnel performed in the Super Bowl XLI pre-game show, before a live audience of over 74,000 and a television audience of over 93 million people.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
The band earned an Army Superior Unit Award for support of the 2008 Presidential Inauguration. Later the same year, a group of bandsmen traveled to St. Kitts to participate in a state partnership training exchange and to perform at several celebratory events.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 2009, several members of the band volunteered for deployment in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 2011 and 2012, band  to Guyana in South America, to assist in developing relations between the Guyana Defence Forces Military Band and the Florida National Guard and to help foster goodwill with the Guyanese citizens. In two engagements the band supported State Department personnel stationed in Guyana with patriotic concerts and performed multiple community outreach missions which brought numerous accolades to the group.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
The 13th Army Band performed a cultural exchange aboard a Chilean Navy training ship, Esmeralda docked at the Port of Miami in 2016. Later that year, Chief Stephen K Rivero was invited to support the Tumon Music Festival during a visit to Guam.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 2017, the unit was activated in response to Hurricane Irma, where they assisted in emergency operations throughout Florida.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
Unit members have supported DSCA operations in support of Hurricane Michael and Hurricane Dorian and have performed at the Miami Marathon in 2019 and 2020.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
In 2020 the unit was asked to volunteer for Coronavirus disease 2019 response and activated most of its members. They helped set up the Hard Rock Stadium testing center in the first few days of Florida's military response to the crisis.


13th Army Band (United States), Historical Narrative
The 13th Army Band is so well regarded that the 13th Army Band Commander has have been tasked by the National Guard Bureau to perform evaluation and assistance visits to almost every state on the east coast of the U.S. 13th Army Band Commander, CW3 Stephen K. Rivero is one of only six officers sitting on the Army Bands Advisory Council, which assists in planning the future of National Guard bands.


13th Army Band (United States), Ensembles
The nature of military operations in general and the requirements of modern military musicians specifically require the band to be able to play simultaneous engagements. Currently the band fields several ensembles which can operate at multiple sites independently:


13th Army Corps (Russian Empire)
The 13th Army Corps was a corps of the Imperial Russian Army, formed in the 1870s. The corps fought in the Russo-Turkish War and World War I, and was disbanded with the collapse of the Imperial Russian Army after the Russian Revolution. During peacetime, it was stationed in the Moscow Military District.


13th Army Corps (Russian Empire), History
The corps was formed on 19 February 1877 in the Moscow Military District. Its headquarters was located at Smolensk before World War I. The corps fought in World War I. It was destroyed in East Prussia in late 1917 or early 1918.


13th Army Corps (Russian Empire), Organization
On 18 July 1914, the corps included the following units.


13th Asia Pacific Screen Awards
The 13th Asia Pacific Screen Awards were held on 21 November 2019 in Brisbane, Australia.


13th Asian Film Awards
The 13th Asian Film Awards are the 2019 edition of the Asian Film Awards. The ceremony was held on March 17, 2019, at the TVB City in Hong Kong.


13th Asianet Film Awards
The 13th Asianet Film Awards honors the best films in 2010 and was held on 9 January 2011 at Willingdon Island in Kochi. The winners were announced on 1 January 2011. The title sponsor of the event is Ujala.


13th Asianet Film Awards
Amitabh Bachchan, who was conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award, was the chief guest of the event. The event was telecasted on Asianet in two parts – on 29 January and 30 January.


13th Asianet Film Awards, Celebrities who attended the event
The biggest attraction of the ceremony was the presence of Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan, who was conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award. The laurel came to Amitabh Bachchan from million viewers of Asianet, who had selected the actor for his onscreen aura and special connect that he shares with international fans around the world. The superstar was accompanied with the host of stars from Malayalam film industry. The show saw the attendance of legendary celebrities Mammootty,Mohanlal,Jayaram,Dileep,Sreenivasan,Suraj Venjaramoodu,Innocent,Jagathy Sreekumar,Siddique(actor),Siddique(director),Vijay,Karthi,Lal,Kunchacko Boban,Asif Ali,Jayasurya,Jeethu Joseph,Lal Jose,Major Ravi,B Unnikrishnan,Manoj K Jayan, Rahman,Narain,Anoop Menon,Nedumudi Venu,MG Sreekumar,Nayanthara,Sneha,Ann Augustine,Meera Nandan,Meghana Raj,Mithra Kurian,Archana Kavi,Ananya,Samvrutha Sunil,Mamta Mohandas,Lakshmi Gopalaswami,Kaniha,Lakshmi Rai,Amala Paul,Ambika,Sarayu,KS Chithra, and many more.


13th Avenue station (BMT Culver Line)
13th Avenue was a New York City Subway station on the demolished section of the BMT Culver Line. This station was located at the intersection of 37th Street and 13th Avenue in Brooklyn.


13th Avenue station (BMT Culver Line), History
This station opened on March 16, 1919, and had a connection to the B&QT Church Avenue Line streetcar. When the IND South Brooklyn Line was extended to Ditmas Avenue and converted most of the line to the Independent Subway System, the station's service was replaced by the Culver Shuttle.


13th Avenue station (BMT Culver Line), History
On May 28, 1959, the station and the line were reduced from three tracks to two. By December 1960, the shuttle was reduced to a single track and platform due to the December 1960 nor'easter and low ridership. The station finally closed on May 11, 1975. The line was demolished in the 1980s.


13th Avenue station (BMT Culver Line), Station layout
This elevated station originally had three tracks and two side platforms, although, near the end of its life, only used one track and one of the side platforms, due to the removal of the other two tracks.


13th Avenue station (RTD)
13th Avenue station is a Regional Transportation District (RTD) light rail station on the R Line in Aurora, Colorado. The station is located alongside Interstate 225, a few blocks west of intersection of 13th Avenue and Sable Boulevard. It has a 262-stall park-and-ride lot and is planned to be the center of a transit-oriented development.


13th Avenue station (RTD)
The station opened on February 24, 2017, along with the rest of the R Line.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States)
The 13th Aviation Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 1st Battalion, 13th Aviation
The 1st Battalion, 13th Aviation Regiment manages new recruits who have recently graduated basic training and who have reported to Fort Rucker to receive their military occupational specialty identifier before reporting to their first duty station. The battalion orchestrates and implements the majority of enlisted training at Fort Rucker. The 6th Military Police Detachment and an element of the 46th Engineer Battalion is also assigned to 1-13th. Fort Rucker’s military and civilian firefighters are assigned under the 6th MP Detachment.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation
The 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation Regiment, which replaced the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training Battalion (UASTB)(Provisional), is based at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Its primary mission is to train soldiers in the operation and maintenance of the RQ-7B Shadow and MQ-1C Gray Eagle unmanned aircraft systems. 2–13th Aviation is a tenant unit of Fort Huachuca, but its parent unit is the 1st Aviation Brigade at Fort Rucker, Alabama, home of the United States Army Aviation Center of Excellence.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation
The battalion operates the largest UAS training center in the world, with over 125,000 square feet (11,600 m2) of training space, four hangars, two runways, and 24-hour operational capacity. The battalion trains approximately 2,000 Soldiers, Marines, and foreign military students each year.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation
Formerly part of Company E, 305th Military Intelligence Battalion (E-305th MIB), the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training Battalion (UASTB) (Provisional) was activated on 19 April 2006 during the transition of authority for UAS training from the U.S. Army Intelligence Center to the U.S. Army Aviation Warfighting Center. The UASTB was later redesignated as the 1-210th Aviation Regiment and was finally redesignated as the 2–13th Aviation Regiment on June 11, 2011.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation, Alpha Company
Alpha Company's soldiers train to become Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) 15W Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operators and 15E Unmanned Aircraft Systems Repairers qualified on the RQ-7B Shadow and the MQ-1C Gray Eagle Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Alpha Company's 500+ Soldiers are held to the highest standards of discipline, professionalism, and physical fitness. To help them meet these standards, Alpha Company relies on Advanced Individual Training Platoon Sergeants, all with Army Aviation backgrounds. Alpha Company also provides administrative, training, and logistical support for the battalion.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation, Bravo Company
Bravo Company's mission is to train UAS Operators on the remote operation of the RQ-7B Shadow and the MQ-1C Gray Eagle Unmanned Systems. Bravo Company also oversees the UAS Instructor Operator Course.


13th Aviation Regiment (United States), 2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation, Charlie Company
Charlie Company's mission is to train UAS Repairers on the maintenance, troubleshooting, and electrical theory of the RQ-7B Shadow and the MQ-1C Gray Eagle Unmanned Systems. Charlie Company also oversees the Tactical UAS Warrant Officer Technician Course, UAS Command and Staff Officer Course, and the UAS Platoon Leader Course.


13th BRICS summit
The 2021 BRICS summit is the thirteenth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. It will be the third time that India will be hosting the BRICS Summit after 2012 and 2016.


13th BRICS summit, Meetings
India hosted the first meeting of BRICS finance and central bank deputies through video conference. The meeting was co-chaired by Michael Patra, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India and Tarun Bajaj, Secretary Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, India.


13th Bangladesh National Film Awards
The 13th Bangladesh National Film Awards, presented by Ministry of Information, Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi Cinema released in the year 1988. The ceremony took place in Dhaka in 1988 and awards were given by then President of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. 1988 was the 13th National Film Awards.


13th Bangladesh National Film Awards, List of winners
This year awards were given in 17 categories. Awards for Best Male Playback Singer was not given in 1988.


13th Battalion (Australia)
The 13th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Originally raised for the 1st Australian Imperial Force during the First World War, it was formed just six weeks after the start of the war. Along with the 14th, 15th and 16th Battalions which were recruited from New South Wales, it formed the 4th Brigade. The battalion saw service initially at Gallipoli before being transferred to France in 1916. For the next two years it fought in the trenches of the Western Front, earning numerous battle honours in the process.


13th Battalion (Australia)
Following the end of the war, the 13th Battalion was demobilised in early 1919. It was re-raised in 1921 as a unit of the part-time Citizens Force, based around Maitland, New South Wales. During the Second World War the battalion undertook garrison duties before being amalgamated with the 33rd Battalion in October 1942. It was re-raised for a third and final time sometime after 1948 and remained on the order of battle until 1960 when it was subsumed into the Royal New South Wales Regiment.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
Following the outbreak of war, the Australian government announced the decision to raise an all volunteer force for overseas service known as the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). Recruitment for this force began quickly and the 13th Battalion was among some of the first battalions to be raised, doing so in late September 1914, only six weeks after the declaration of war. Drawing its manpower from the state of New South Wales, it undertook training at the ANZAC Rifle Range in Long Bay, Sydney and Broadmeadows and Williamstown in Melbourne. It left Australia from Albany in late December and arrived in Egypt in February 1915.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
Along with the rest of the 4th Brigade, under the command of then Colonel John Monash, the 13th Battalion took part in the Landing at Anzac Cove, arriving late on 25 April 1915. For the first four months, between May and August, they undertook defensive operations as the Anzacs attempted to establish themselves on the narrow beachhead that had been captured on the peninsula. On 8 August 1915 an attempt was made to break out from this position and the battalion took part in a costly, and only partially successful, attack on Hill 971. Later in the month, on 27 August, they were involved in another attack, this time on Hill 60, during which they suffered further casualties. After this the 13th Battalion was mainly used in a defensive role until the final evacuation in December 1915.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
From there, the battalion returned to Egypt where the AIF underwent a period of training and reorganisation which saw the raising of two new divisions which effectively doubled its size. As a part of this expansion, the 13th Battalion was split and provided a cadre of soldiers who had served at Gallipoli to provide experienced men to the newly raised 45th Battalion. At the same time the reconstituted 4th Brigade was allocated to the Australian 4th Division along with the 12th and 13th Brigades. In June 1916, the battalion embarked for France to join other units of II Anzac Corps, and for the next two years it served in the trenches along the Western Front.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
During this time, the 13th Battalion saw action in a number of major battles. The first  such action that they were involved in came at Pozières in August 1916. Later, in February 1917, Captain Harry Murray, became the first member of the battalion to earn the Victoria Cross when he was involved in an attack near Gueudecourt. Later, at Bullecourt in April, the battalion, along with most of the 4th Brigade, suffered heavy losses when they ran up against a strongly defended German position without the tank support that they had been promised. After that, the 13th Battalion spent most of the remainder of 1917 in Belgium, as the Allied armies slowly advanced towards the heavily defended Hindenburg Line.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
In March 1918, the Germans launched the Spring Offensive, which saw them gain considerable ground before being halted. During this time, the 13th Battalion undertook defensive operations in an effort to stem the tide. Later, a brief lull in the fighting occurred before the Allies launched their own offensive, known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which ultimately brought about an end to the war.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
The 13th Battalion was involved at the outset, taking part in the fighting around Amiens on 8 August 1918, which produced considerable gains for the Allies and was subsequently described as one of the greatest successes in a single day on the Western Front. On 18 September, the battalion took part in its last offensive action, this time around Le Verguier, and it was here that Sergeant Maurice Buckley, serving under the assumed name of Gerald Sexton, performed the deeds that led to him being  awarded the Victoria Cross.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
On 11 November 1918, an armistice came into effect and the fighting ended. Over the course of the next five months the battalion's personnel were slowly returned to Australia for demobilisation and discharge. On 18 March 1919, the battalion was finally disbanded, when its remaining personnel were formed into the 13th Composite Battalion along with drafts from the 14th, 15th and 16th Battalions. During the course of the war, the battalion lost 1,090 men killed and 2,128 wounded.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
In 1921, the decision was made to perpetuate the numerical designations and battle honours of the AIF by re-raising those units as part of the Citizens Force. This was done by reorganising the existing Citizens Forces units so that they would adopt the identity of the AIF units that had been recruited within their regions and in which many of the pre-war citizen soldiers had served. As a result, by 1924, the 13th Battalion had been re-raised in the Maitland, New South Wales region.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
Upon formation, the newly raised battalion had drawn personnel from parts of the 13th and 22nd Infantry Regiments, and through its link with these units inherited the battle honour "South Africa 1900–1902". In 1927, territorial titles were introduced and the battalion adopted the title of the "Maitland Regiment", and the unit received its battle honours for the First World War. By 1928 it had been assigned to the 1st Brigade, attached to the 1st Division.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
Following the election of the Scullin Labor government in 1929, the compulsory training scheme was suspended and the Citizens Forces became an all volunteer force. In order to reflect its voluntary basis, it was subsequently renamed the "Militia" at this time. The decision to suspend compulsory training, as well as the hardships associated with the Great Depression meant that many Militia units were afflicted by low manning levels. As a consequence of this, it was decided to amalgamate a number of units.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
The 13th Battalion was not one of the units affected by this decision, and it remained under the command of the 1st Brigade, which was headquartered in Newcastle, New South Wales as a subordinate unit of the 2nd Military District, until the start of the Second World War in September 1939.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
During the war, because of the provisions of the Defence Act (1903), which prohibited sending the Militia to fight outside of Australian territory, the decision was made to raise an all volunteer force to serve overseas – the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) – while the Militia would be used to undertake garrison duties in Australia. The compulsory training scheme was also re-instituted at this time and the Militia were called up for periods of continuous training that varied between 30 and 90 days.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
In October 1942, however, the battalion was amalgamated with the 33rd Battalion to form the 13th/33rd Battalion. Around this time, the battalion's machine gun company was detached and in conjunction with several other Militia machine gun companies, it was used to form the 6th Machine Gun Battalion. The 13th/33rd Battalion was itself later disbanded on 25 November 1943 when it became surplus to Army requirements.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
In 1948, with the completion of the demobilisation process, the Citizens Force was re-raised as the Citizens Military Force (CMF), which was established on a restricted establishment of two divisions. The 13th Battalion (Maitland Regiment) was re-established sometime after this date. In 1952, it was re-designated as the "Macquarie Regiment". In 1960, the Australian Army adopted the Pentropic divisional establishment, the result of which was the reduction of a number of CMF units which were amalgamated to form larger Pentropic battalions as part of six new State-based regiments.


13th Battalion (Australia), History, Interwar years, the Second World War and beyond
At this time, the 13th Battalion was reduced to a company-level formation in the 2nd Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment, being designated 'D' (Macquarie) Company. In 1961, the 13th Battalion was entrusted with the battle honours of the 2nd AIF's 2/13th Battalion. When the Pentropic establishment was abandoned in 1965 the CMF was re-organised once more and most of the previously existing regional battalions were re-raised, but the 13th Battalion was not one of those units and it remained off the Army's order of battle.


13th Battalion (Australia), Battle honours
For their service, the 13th Battalion received the following battle honours:


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF
The 13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada) of the Canadian Expeditionary Force was an active service battalion during the First World War.


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
The battalion was formed from volunteers from the Royal Highland Regiment of Canada (The Black Watch), a militia regiment based in Montreal, as well as men from other militia regiments. Sent to England as part of the First Contingent in September, 1914, the 13th Battalion became part of the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Canadian Division. The 3rd Brigade consisted of the 13th Battalion (the Royal Highlanders of Canada), the 14th Battalion (the Royal Montreal Regiment), the 15th Battalion (the 48th Highlanders of Canada) and the 16th Battalion (the Canadian Scottish).


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
The battalion's first commander was Lieutenant Colonel (later Major-General) Frederick Loomis.


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
The 1st Canadian Division served on the Western Front from April, 1915 until the armistice in November, 1918. Its baptism of fire occurred at the Second Battle of Ypres in April, 1915, when the German Army used chlorine gas for the first time in war. Neighbouring French divisions fled in terror from the new weapon, but the Canadians held the line at tremendous cost.


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
The 1st Canadian Division fought in every major engagement involving the Canadian Corps, including the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, the Somme in 1916, Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele in 1917, and the Pursuit to Mons in 1918.


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
Three members of the 13th Battalion were awarded the Victoria Cross. The first, Frederick Fisher, awarded for his action on 23 April 1915 at St. Julien during the Second Battle of Ypres. Two other members, Herman James Good and John Bernard Croak, were awarded their crosses for action on 8 August 1918 at Hangard Wood, near Amiens in France. Croak's award was posthumous.


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
After the armistice, the 13th Battalion returned to Canada and was disbanded in April, 1919. On December 1, 1920, the 13th Battalion was perpetuated by the 1st Battalion of the newly reorganised The Royal Highlanders of Canada.


13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, History
A wooden cross memorial originally erected at Vimy Ridge but later erected at the Canadian War Museum is dedicated to the 13th Canadian Battalion the Royal Highlanders of Canada killed in action Vimy Ridge April 1917.


13th Belarusian Supreme Council
The Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus of the 13th convocation was the Belarusian parliament elected in 1995. Parliament began work on January 9, 1996. The powers of the Supreme Council of the 13th convocation were discontinued on November 27, 1996, after the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko signed the Law "On termination of powers of the Republic of Belarus of the 13th convocation of the Supreme Council".


13th Belarusian Supreme Council, Elections
Elections to the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus of the 13th convocation were held on May 14, 1995 together with the republican referendum in Belarus in 1995. The second round of elections was held on May 28, 1995. The elections were held in accordance with the new law, adopted in November 1994. Since this year political parties can nominate candidates if they had the primary organization in the appropriate districts.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment
The 13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, or 13th General Field Marshal Prince Volkonsky's Infantry Regiment (Russian: 13-й пехотный Белозерский генерал-фельдмаршала князя Волконского полк), was an infantry regiment of the Russian Empire's Imperial Russian Army. It was known by different names for much of its existence but most of its designations included "Belozersk Infantry Regiment." Formed in 1708 in the reign of Czar Peter the Great and disbanded in 1918, the regiment fought in the Great Northern War, the Russian campaign of 1812, the War of the Sixth Coalition, the suppression of the Polish November Uprising, and the Crimean War, among other conflicts.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, History
The 13th Belozersk celebrated its anniversary on 6 December, the feast day of Saint Nicholas, although it was actually formed on Beshankovichy as Prince Repnin's Grenadier Regiment on 10 March 1708. The regiment was formed from the grenadier companies of the Shlisselburg, Butyr, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Belgorod, Neva, Yamburg, and Tver Regiments. Late that year, it was renamed Teyler's Grenadier Regiment, and in 1709 the future Belozersk Regiment became Lacy's Grenadier Regiment, after Peter Lacy.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment fought in the Great Northern War with Sweden, and on 27 June 1709 participated in the Battle of Poltava, where Peter the Great decisively defeated Charles XII of Sweden's army. In 1711 it fought in the Pruth River Campaign against the Ottoman Empire, the first of many campaigns against that empire that the regiment participated in.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, History
On 13 November 1727, regiment was renamed the Belozersk Infantry Regiment, in honor of the town of Belozersk.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, History
During the Battle of Warsaw in September 1831, the regiment participated in the attack on Ordon's Redoubt. Remains of its soldiers were found at the archaeological site at the redoubt.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, History
Belozersk Regiment officer Lieutenant Colonel Fyodor Stepanovich Sozanowicza (5 February 1829–28 August 1867) is buried in the Działoszyn cemetery.


13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, History
On 25 March 1891, the 13th became the "13th General Field Marshal Count Lacy's Belozersk Infantry Regiment," after Peter Lacy. In 1914, the regiment was stationed at Łomża. On 1 January 1914, the regiment was part of the 1st Infantry Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division of the 6th Army Corps, all three also headquartered at Łomża. On 19 March, its name was changed to the "13th General Field Marshal Prince Volkonsky's Belozersk Infantry Regiment," after Sergey Volkonsky.


13th Berlin International Film Festival
The 13th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 21 June to 2 July 1963. The Golden Bear was awarded ex aequo to the Italian film Il diavolo directed by Gian Luigi Polidoro and Japanese film Bushidô zankoku monogatari directed by Tadashi Imai.


13th Berlin International Film Festival, Jury
The following people were announced as being on the jury for the festival:


13th Berlin International Film Festival, Films in competition
The following films were in competition for the Golden Bear award:


13th Bomb Squadron
The 13th Bomb Squadron is a squadron of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the 509th Operations Group, Air Force Global Strike Command, stationed at Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri. The squadron is equipped with the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber.


13th Bomb Squadron
The 13th is one of the oldest units in the United States Air Force, first being organized as the 13th Aero Squadron' on 14 June 1917 at Camp Kelly (later Kelly Field), Texas. The squadron deployed to France and fought on the Western Front during World War I as a pursuit squadron. The unit was demobilized after the war in 1919. On 16 October 1936, the squadron was consolidated with the 104th Aero Squadron, another AEF combat squadron on the Western Front, which was organized on 25 August 1917.


13th Bomb Squadron
Reorganized in 1921 as part of the permanent United States Army Air Service, the squadron became part of Fifth Air Force in the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II flying North American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers. During the Cold War, it fought in the Korean War and Vietnam War as a Martin B-57 Canberra tactical bomber squadron.


13th Bomb Squadron, History
The 13th Bomb Squadron traces its origins to two World War I United States Army Air Service squadrons.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, World War I
The 13th Aero Squadron was formed at Camp Kelly (later Kelly Field), Texas, on 14 June 1917.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, World War I
The "Devil’s Own Grim Reapers" as they came to be known was a Pursuit (Fighter) squadron on the Western Front in France during 1918, flying the French SPAD S.XIII. The 13th claimed several "aces" from this period of its history: Charles J Biddle, Murray K Guthrie, Frank K Hays, John J Seerly, and William H Stovall. Major Carl Spaatz was attached to the unit at his request, and had two victories. He would rise to four-star rank during WW II. The Unit's first combat loss was Lt. George Kull on 14 September 1918 during the St. Mihiel Offensive.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, World War I
There would be others to follow: During the Meuse Argonne Offensive, the squadron lost Lts. Gerald D. Stivers, Henry Guion Armstrong, Clarence A. Brodie and Robert H. Stiles killed in action. It returned to the United States in March 1919 when it was demobilized. It remained inactive until it was reconstituted in 1936.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, World War I
The 104th Aero Squadron was organized on 25 August 1917, also at Kelly Field. As a Corps Observation (Reconnaissance) Squadron flying the French Salmson 2A2 observation aircraft, the 104th flew reconnaissance, directed Allied artillery fire and pinpointed troop movements on the Western Front. The demand for artillery fire adjustments through aerial observation was constant in spite of difficulties encountered in air-to-ground communications. It was largely due to the photos made by aerial reconnaissance that the Allied infantry knew where it was advancing. It returned to the United States in April 1919 and became part of the permanent United States Army Air Service in 1921.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period
After its arrival at Roosevelt Field, Long Island, most of the 104th Aero Squadron's men returned to civilian life. In May 1919, the squadron moved to neighboring Mitchel Field; the squadron was down to one officer and one enlisted man and was administratively carried by the Air Service as an active unit.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period
About 15 May, the 104th moved to Fort Bliss, Texas, and during June to Kelly Field, Texas, still manned in name only. On 25 May 1919 it was redesignated as the 104th Surveillance Squadron, and assigned to the Army Surveillance Group on 1 July along with the 8th, 12th and 90th Aero Squadrons. During August 1919, nearly 200 men from Mitchel Field were moved to Kelly Field to bring the squadron up to strength. The 104th quickly adapted to peacetime soldiering in the nation's infant air organization It was also equipped with new Dayton-Wright DH-4 aircraft, surplus from the World War.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period, Mexican Border patrol
The mission of the Army Surveillance Group was to carry out observation overflights along the Mexican Border. During this period, Mexico was enduring a period of revolution and unrest, which led to border violations and the deaths of American citizens. After being manned and equipped, in November 1919 the squadron split into three flights: Headquarters Flight and Flight A went to Fort Bliss, Texas, while Flight B deployed to Marfa Field, Texas. From 10 September to 4 November, Flight B was located at Post Field, Oklahoma, but it returned to Marfa Field on 17 November 1920, and remained there until June 1921 flying observation flights along the Big Bend area of the Texas/Mexico border.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period, 13th Squadron (Attack)
On 14 March 1921 with the establishment of the permanent Army Air Service, the 104th Surveillance Squadron was redesignated as the 13th Squadron (Attack). In May the border patrol flights were ended and all of the flights were ordered to participate in maneuvers at Langley Field, Virginia. On 2 July the squadron reassembled at Kelly Field and on 25 January 1923 the squadron was redesignated the 13th Attack Squadron.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period, 13th Squadron (Attack)
The new mission of the squadron was to conduct a series of suitability tests of new types of aircraft. Initially tested was the Dayton-Wright XB-1A, an observation plane to be used for photography, bombardment and liaison work.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period, 13th Squadron (Attack)
The next aircraft was the GAX (Boeing GA-1), a ground attack triplane. These tests were conducted to determine the capability of aircraft under hard service incurred during long cross-country flights. All squadron officers and enlisted personnel attended classes to learn everything they could about the aircraft.


13th Bomb Squadron, History, Inter-War period, 13th Squadron (Attack)
In 1923, the 13th Attack Squadron returned to the Dayton-Wright DH-4 and performed aerial demonstrations, formation flying, and normal training. Due to funding reductions, the squadron was inactivated on 27 June 1924.