116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, D-Day
During a move from Les Moulins, 2nd Battalion broke loose from the beach and fought their way to a farmhouse to establish the first command post in France. Towards the end of 8 June, Company K advanced on Grandcamp, during which Technical Sergeant Frank Peregory killed numerous German soldiers and forced others to surrender. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. After capturing Grandcamp, 2nd and 3rd Battalions mopped up scattered German resistance, while 1st Battalion continued the advance towards Maisy and the coastal battery.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Saint-Lô
On 11 June the 116th was withdrawn to the reserve in order to reorganize due to the D-Day losses. After the 115th Infantry was repulsed while attacking across the Ellé towards the key road junction of Saint-Lô, the 116th was moved forward on the morning of 13 June. The regiment began crossing the river at 20:15, encountering heavy small arms which died down, allowing the 116th to reach the opposite bank by midnight. The 2nd Battalion captured Saint-Clair, and Couvains was captured at 10:45 on the morning of 14 June.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Saint-Lô
By 17 June, most of the regiment had reached positions only 3 miles (4.8 km) short of Saint-Lô, but the fighting in the Battle of Saint-Lô bogged down in the difficult bocage terrain of Normandy. The 116th fought to overcome Martinville Ridge near the city from 12 July, then after street fighting the city was captured on 18 July. 3rd


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Saint-Lô
Battalion commander Major Thomas D. Howie was killed by a mortar shell on 17 July just before he was to lead his unit into the city and moments after telling division commander Major General Charles Gerhardt "See you in St. Lo!". His flag draped body was brought into the city on the lead jeep during its liberation and laid in state in the city's square. Between 7 June and 19 July, 438 men of the regiment were killed, 2,040 wounded, and 38 missing, for a total of 2,516 casualties. On 20 July the 29th was relieved by the 35th Infantry Division and sent back into XIX Corps reserve near Saint-Clair.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Saint-Lô
In reserve, the regiment rested and received replacements. During Operation Cobra, the breakout from Normandy, the regiment fought in the advance on Vire in early August. Its objective was to secure the high ground to the north and northwest of the town. Between 7 and 8 August, 1st Battalion took Hill 203, covering the approaches to the town, which was abandoned by the German defenders in the morning. Following the capture of Vire, the division was pulled back to receive replacements, and the regiment conducted battle drill and small unit training between 16 and 21 August.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Brest
On 22 August, the regiment moved out by truck for Brest, a strongly fortified German-held port city. The regiment completed its march by the afternoon of 23 August at an assembly area near Ploudalmézeau, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of the city. The 116th, the first to arrive, sent the 3rd Battalion to "a forward assembly area one mile northeast of" Saint-Renan on 24 August. From the forward assembly area, the battalion patrolled the line of departure for the 29th's attack, a southeast-facing line around four miles northwest of the city.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Brest
For the attack, the 29th was positioned on the right flank of VIII Corps. The regiment moved up to the line of departure on the night of 24–25 August, beginning the attack at 01:00. The 116th advanced south in column of battalions with the 115th Infantry on its left. Its 3rd Battalion initially faced little resistance, and by 04:00, the 1st Battalion was tasked with capturing the high ground at Guilers and Keriolet by attacking on the 3rd Battalion's right. German resistance increased throughout the day, and the regiment dug in for the night. During the next two days, German oppositions stiffened further, and the regiment was relieved by the 115th so that it could flank the German positions by using a natural ridgeline towards Brest.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Brest
On 28 August, the 116th took positions on the division's right flank, moving forward to Kerguestoc by the evening in column of battalions. It advanced 500 yard the next day, but the fighting bogged down on 30 August. A midnight attack by the 1st and 2nd Battalions took La Trinite on the night of 4–5 September, after which they repulsed a German counterattack on the next day. The regiment's 3rd Battalion was assigned to Task Force Sugar alongside the 5th Rangers and a tank unit, attacking Hill 53 and helping to cut the coastal highway.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Brest
On the night of 13–14 September, the 116th replaced the 115th in the attack against Fort Montbarey. After the 121st Engineers blew gaps through the minefields surrounding the fort. Company C attacked at dawn and cleared the ground west of the moat in fierce close combat. After the engineers continued clearing the minefield under the cover of a smoke screen, a combined tank and infantry assault was launched at 17:00. Advancing behind flamethrowing Churchill tanks, Company B mopped up German resistance, enabling the 1st Battalion to surround the fort by the end of the day.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Brest
Fort Montbarey surrendered on 16 September after the engineers tunneled under the fort and blew parts of it up with explosives. The battalion captured around 75 German soldiers. In house-to-house fighting the regiment advanced into the last German stronghold, Recouvrance, and cleared the area by the end of 17 September. The remaining defenders surrendered on 18 September and the 116th was tasked with policing the division area in Brest before moving out to a rest area on 19 September. However, the regiment's rest was brief, and they moved out by train for the Siegfried Line on 24 September, arriving at Visé in Belgium on 29 September.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Siegfried Line
On 6 October, the 29th, as part of XIX Corps, was tasked with protecting the corps' left flank, probing the Siegfried Line (a German fortification line on the Franco-German border), and following up the 2nd Armored Division advance at Geilenkirchen. The 116th was positioned on the right flank of the corps, with the 1st Infantry Division on its left and the 3rd Battalion cooperating with the 2nd Armored's Combat Command A (CCA). The 3rd Battalion rode across the Wurm from Rimburg on CCA's tanks, dismounting at Umbach to occupy the town.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Siegfried Line
On the next day the attack continued towards Baesweiler and Oidtweiler, which fell on 8 and 7 October, respectively. Between 1 and 4 October the 1st Battalion was attached to the 30th Infantry Division, defending positions three miles northwest of Aachen. On 4 October the 2nd Battalion was moved up from the reserve to the Kerkrade and Holz area, relieving the 30th's 120th Infantry.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Siegfried Line
On 13 October, the regiment's 1st and 2nd Battalions were attached to the 30th Division for an attack on Aachen through heavily defended Würselen. Under heavy German artillery and mortar fire, the 116th advanced between 500 yards (460 m) and 1,000 yards (910 m) by the end of the day in street fighting. The attack was resumed the next day, and 2nd Battalion commander Major Charles Cawthon was wounded; he was replaced by Colonel Sidney Bingham.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Siegfried Line
The regiment was withdrawn from the front and returned to the 29th after the capture of Aachen for rest and river crossing training at Brunssum between 23 and 24 October. In early November the division returned to the front, taking positions on the line of Schaufebberg, Oidtweiler, and Baesweiler against Jülich. During the month Dwyer transferred to another unit and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Harold A. Cassel.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Siegfried Line
On 16 November the attack began, with the 116th joining with units from the 2nd Armored to take Setterich on the 29th's left flank. Its 1st Battalion attacked from the south with Companies B and C, but were stopped 400 yards (370 m) short of the town on 17 November by machine gun fire. That night, Company A moved up to the town's western side, while the 2nd Battalion attacked from the southeast. The three-pronged attack with tank support captured the town in street fighting on 18–19 November.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Siegfried Line
The regiment briefly went into reserve at Baesweiler before moving forward to take Ungershausen and Englesdorf on 20 November. It then advanced against Koslar, the last line of defense before Jülich, beginning 21 November. Due to mud and adverse weather conditions Koslar was not taken until 28 November. In early December, Bingham replaced Cassel in command of the regiment. In heavy fighting the regiment cleared the west bank of the Roer River by 9 December. The front then settled down and the regiment trained for the Roer crossing for the next weeks.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Advance into the Roer to the end of the war
After the German counterattack in the Battle of the Bulge, the 116th took over the 2nd Armored's positions after it left for the fighting. In January the regiment conducted three major raids on German positions on the opposite bank, which kept the German troops "on edge". On 23 February the division launched the attack across the Roer, with the 116th's 3rd Battalion capturing Immerath, and the 2nd Battalion Lutzerath on 27 February. After "pausing to regroup", the regiment continued towards Spenrath and Pesch, with the 1st Battalion taking Otzenrath just before nightfall.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Advance into the Roer to the end of the war
These gains brought the 29th Division to Mönchengladbach, and the regiment bypassed the city on the right on 1 March, cutting off the defenders. On 24 March the 1st Battalion took over security at Ninth Army headquarters in the city. At the beginning of April, the regiment went back into combat, attached to the 75th Infantry Division, attacking the Ruhr Pocket. It took up positions on 2 April, and was tasked with crossing the Dortmund–Ems Canal in an attack beginning two days later.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Advance into the Roer to the end of the war
Preceded by a half-hour artillery bombardment, the regiment's 1st and 2nd Battalions crossed the canal and captured Waltrop. As German resistance crumbled, it reached the Duisburg–Berlin Autobahn by the end of 5 April. On the next day, the 3rd Battalion flanked the German left, advancing 5,000 yards (4,600 m) and repulsing a German counterattack against Companies E and G with the assistance of American artillery. The regiment then transferred back to the 29th.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Advance into the Roer to the end of the war
For the next few days the regiment helped organize Displaced persons camps before moving back into action to mop up the Ruhr Pocket between 18 and 19 April. After overcoming token resistance and accepting German surrenders, the regiment reached the Elbe on 24 April. At the Elbe it met troops of the German 160th Infantry Division, recently transferred from Norway, capturing 1,600 prisoners. On 2 May the division linked up with Soviet troops on the other bank, and Germany surrendered five days later. The regiment suffered casualties of 1,298 killed, 4,769 wounded, and 594 missing for a total of 7,113 during the war. In mid-May the 116th began occupation duty in the Bremerhaven and Wesermünde area in the Bremen enclave.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, World War II, Advance into the Roer to the end of the war
On 24 December the regiment boarded the transport USS Lejeune, setting sail for New York on Christmas Day. It arrived at New York on 4 January 1946, after which its men were demobilized. On 6 January, the regiment inactivated at Camp Kilmer.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Cold War
The regiment was reorganized and federally recognized on 24 March 1948 at Staunton. It became a parent regiment of the Combat Arms Regimental System on 1 June 1959. It included the 1st and 2nd Battle Groups, part of the 29th Division. On 22 March 1963, the battle groups were converted into battalions. On 1 February 1968, a third battalion was added and all three battalions became part of the 28th Infantry Division when the 29th was inactivated. On 1 April 1975, the regiment's battalions became part of the 116th Infantry Brigade of the 28th Division.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Cold War
In 1997, the 3rd Battalion's Company C deployed to Bosnia, mostly guarding the Sava River Bridge. This was the first time since the Vietnam War that a National Guard infantry company had been deployed to a combat zone. The company suffered no losses and had no incidents before returning home in May 1998.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
On 1 November 2002, the 2nd Battalion, 116th Infantry Regiment was mobilized for deployment to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to take part in Operation Enduring Freedom. This marked the first mobilization of a battalion of the 29th Infantry Division since World War II. The unit provided security of the base and Camp Delta, the detainee operations camp. The deployment ended in October 2003.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
On 1 March 2004, the 3rd Battalion, 116th Infantry Regiment was mobilized for deployment to Afghanistan to take part in Operation Enduring Freedom. Members of the battalion reported to armories around Virginia and began arriving at Bagram Air Field in Afghanistan on 15 July 2004. They were quickly engaged in operations. The battalion conducted combat operations in Ghazni and SECFOR operations at Bagram Airfield. Numerous slice elements were placed under the operational control of the battalion. The newly formed task force assumed the name of the beaches the regiment stormed more than 60 years prior – Normandy. During the deployment two 116th Infantry soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb, the first Virginia National Guard soldiers to die in combat since World War II. The battalion returned to the United States, being released from active duty and reverting to state control on 16 June 2005.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
On 1 September 2005, the regiment was reorganized and redesignated as the 116th Infantry, eliminating the 2nd Battalion. It was redesignated as the 116th Infantry Regiment on 1 October.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
On 3 February 2007, the 3rd Battalion under the command of LTC John M. Epperly was alerted for deployment in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. On 23 June the battalion entered active duty as Task Force Normandy. After four months of training at Camp Shelby, the battalion deployed to Iraq and Kuwait in September. A Company provided convoy escort in the area of Fallujah and Ramadi, part of Multinational Division West. B Company provided convoy escort west of the Euphrates and near the Syrian border, also part of Multinational Division West.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
C Company provided convoy escort around Mosul and Kirkuk in Multinational Division North. Ten soldiers were wounded in the deployment, nine of whom were from C Company. In Kuwait, Headquarters Company and D Company became part of Security Force. D Company guarded Ash Shuaybah and Headquarters Company provided command and control for D Company and the Area Reaction Force for southern Kuwait. The battalion returned to the United States in April 2008 being released from active duty and reverting to state control on 26 July 2008. 3rd Battalion earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation for the deployment as well as campaign credit for the Iraqi Surge Campaign and the Global War on Terror Expeditionary campaign.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
The 1st Battalion was ordered into active Federal service on 25 January 2010. From March to August, it deployed to Iraq. The battalion operated out of Contingency Operating Base Adder in southern Iraq, conducting convoy escort missions with the 256th Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the Louisiana Army National Guard. The battalion received a Meritorious Unit Commendation for its actions. It was released from active duty and reverted to state control on 8 February 2011.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
Company D of the 3rd Battalion and Company C of the 1st Battalion deployed to Iraq with Task Force 183 in August 2011, after being called into Federal service on 1 June. Operating out of Contingency Operating Base Adder, Company C conducted 56 convoy escort missions and earned 12 Bronze Star Medals. Company D conducted security and force protection missions. In December, the two companies returned to Camp Atterbury and transitioned back to the National Guard.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, War on Terror
The 3rd Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Kurt Kobernik, deployed to Camp As Sayliyah in Qatar as Task Force Normandy from September 2015 to July 2016. There, the battalion conducted security operations. In July 2016, they were replaced by the 1st Battalion of the regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Samulski. The 1st Battalion was relieved by the 1st Battalion, 138th Infantry Regiment of the Missouri Army National Guard in March 2017.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), History, Kosovo
In August 2006, the 1st Battalion mobilized in support of KFOR as part of the 29th Infantry Division to provide stability operations in the Serbian province of Kosovo with NATO. The battalion trained at Camp Atterbury for two months, and then deployed to Kosovo on 6 December. They become known as Task Force Red Dragon for the duration of their deployment in Vitina municipality, which ended on 5 November 2007.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Current units
As of 2018, the following units of the parent regiment were active in the Virginia Army National Guard, assigned as components of the 116th Infantry Brigade Combat Team.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Commanders
The following officers commanded the 116th from 1917 to 1942:


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Heraldry, Distinctive Unit Insignia
Approved on 31 March 1925, the Distinctive Unit Insignia is a Gold color metal and enamel device 1 3/16 inches (3.02 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned:  Gules, a saltire Argent voided throughout per saltire Gray and Azure per cross counterchanged, in chief a fleur-de-lis Or. Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Gold bipartite scroll inscribed "EVER" to dexter and "FORWARD" to sinister in Black letters. The blue and gray on the insignia represents the mixed Confederate and Union lineage of the regiment and its artillery traditions. The fleur-de-lis symbolizes the regiment's service in France in World War I.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Heraldry, Coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on 19 April 1924. The blazon of the coat of arms includes a shield with Gules, a saltire Argent voided throughout per saltire Gray and Azure per cross counterchanged, in chief a fleur-de-lis Or. The fleur-de-lis symbolizes the regiment's service in France in World War I. The shield represents the mixed Confederate and Union lineage of the regiment and its artillery traditions.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Heraldry, Coat of arms
Its crest is that of the Virginia Army National Guard, including on a wreath of the colors Argent and Gules "Virtus, the genius of the Commonwealth, dressed as an Amazon, resting on a spear with one hand and holding a sword in the other, and treading on Tyranny, represented by a man prostrate, a crown falling from his head, a broken chain in his left hand and a scourge in his right" all Proper. It also includes the regimental motto of Ever Forward.


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Battle honors
Headquarters Company (Lynchburg Home Guard), 2d Battalion, additionally entitled to:


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Battle honors
Company A (Monticello Guard, Charlottesville) and Support Company (Farmville Guard), 2d Battalion, each additionally entitled to:


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Battle honors
Companies A and B (Alexandria Light Infantry, Manassas), 3d Battalion, each additionally entitled to:


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Decorations
Headquarters Company (Roanoke) and Company A (Bedford), 1st Battalion, and Headquarters Company (Lynchburg Home Guard), 2d Battalion, each additionally entitled to:


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Decorations
The 1st Battalion's Headquarters Company, and Companies A, B, and C are additionally entitled to:


116th Infantry Regiment (United States), Decorations
The 3rd Battalion's Headquarters Company, and Companies A, B, C, and D are additionally entitled to:


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 116th Light Anti- Aircraft Regiment (116th LAA Rgt) was a Welsh mobile air defence unit of the British Army's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II. It served with the 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division in the campaign in North West Europe.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Origin
116th LAA Regiment was formed in January 1942 by converting the 12th Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, a war service infantry unit that had been raised in 1940 as part of the rapid wartime expansion of the British Army.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Origin, 12th Royal Welch Fusiliers
12th Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, was formed in July 1940 at the regimental depot at Wrexham. (A previous 12th (Reserve) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, had been raised for 'Kitchener's Army' during World War I.) The battalion assembled in camp at Caernarfon, joining the newly raised 7th, 8th and 9th Battalions of the Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) and together they constituted No 15 Infantry Training Group. In October 1940 the 15th ITG became 215th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), a home defence formation. Training was hampered by the shortage of rifles and equipment, and the tented camp became uninhabitable during winter gales, with the battalions having to go into billets.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Origin, 12th Royal Welch Fusiliers
In February 1941 the brigade transferred to the Durham and North Riding County Division in North East England, where it took up an operational role in beach defence. 12th Royal Welch Fusiliers left 215th Bde on 8 May 1941, transferring to 217th Bde (also in Durham & North Riding County Division) but returned on 23 October 1941.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Origin, 12th Royal Welch Fusiliers
All the brigade's infantry battalions left in November and December for conversion to other roles in the Royal Artillery (RA) or Royal Armoured Corps. 12th Royal Welch Fusiliers was the last to leave, on 21 December 1941, and the brigade was disbanded next day.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Origin, 116th LAA Regiment
12th Royal Welch Fusiliers was converted into a light anti-aircraft (LAA) regiment of the RA, which officially came into existence on 1 January 1942. It consisted of Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) and 380, 381 and 382 Batteries, equipped with Bofors 40 mm guns. After training it joined 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division on 3 April 1942 as that formation's air defence unit.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Training for Overlord
53rd (Welsh) Division came under the command of XII Corps, and both were later assigned to 21st Army Group training for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Training for Overlord
In preparation for overseas service, the regiment's three batteries were augmented to a strength of  four Troops each when 93 Bty of 50th LAA Rgt joined on 14 March 1944 and was broken up, with its three Trps (33, 34 and 35) joining 380, 381 and 382 Btys respectively.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
53rd (W) Division was not in the first wave landing on D Day; it sailed to Normandy and landed between 21 and 27 June 1944. On the night of 29/30 June the division began moving into 'Scottish Corridor' to relieve the 15th (Scottish) Division, which had battered its way into the enemy lines during the Battle of the Odon (Operation Epsom); the relief was completed on 1/2 July. The division played a minor part in the next offensive phase, Operation Jupiter, guarding the western flank of the attack.\


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
Preparatory attacks for Operation Goodwood began on 15 July. 53rd (Welsh) Division captured Cahier, but only held onto it with difficulty against heavy enemy counter-attacks. After 'Goodwood' had failed to break through south of Caen, 53rd (W) Division relieved 15th (S) Division at the le Bon Repos crossroads during the night of 19/20 July. On 21 July the position came under heavy attack by 10th SS Panzer Division, losing some ground and suffering heavy casualties.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
Since the Allies had achieved air superiority over the beachhead, there was little call for AA defence, and AA units became increasingly used to supplement the divisional artillery to support ground operations. LAA units fired tracer to guide night attacks onto their objectives, and the Bofors guns were much in demand for infantry support. They could give useful close-range fire to help infantry working from cover to cover in the constricted Bocage country; their rapid fire was good for suppressing enemy heavy weapons, the 40 mm round's sensitive percussion fuze providing an airburst effect among trees.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
It was also used for 'bunker-busting', though the lack of protection made the gun detachment vulnerable to return fire. LAA units also provided 'refuge strips' for Air Observation Post aircraft spotting for the field guns: a Bofors troop deployed with Local Warning radar and ground observers could alert the pilot to the presence of enemy aircraft and provide protection for him.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
XII Corps began pushing south in early August, with 53rd (W) Division clearing the east bank of the River Orne, while XXX Corps captured Mont Pinçon. 21st Army Group then endeavoured to close the northern side of the Falaise Gap to prevent the Germans escaping eastwards. By 18–19 August the division was in defensive positions west of Falaise, and on 20 August it captured Bazoches-au-Houlme.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
After the Falaise Pocket was eliminated, XII and XXX Corps led 21st Army Group's rapid advance eastwards to the Seine. 15th (Scottish) Division seized bridgeheads on 27 August, and because the armour was not ready it was 53rd (W) Division that led the advance out of the bridgehead towards the Somme. On 30 August 53rd (W) Division was motoring forward with an open flank, but ran into a lot of scattered opposition. The Somme was crossed on 1 September.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
Opposition stiffened as the division pushed through La Bassée and Béthune on 3 September, but 7th Armoured Division bypassed this opposition and drove on while 53rd (W) Division stayed to 'mop up' and then struck north to Lille. By 6 September 21st Army Group had been halted at the lines of the Albert Canal and the Escaut Canal, where it regrouped.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Normandy
Attacks by the Luftwaffe (which had lost its forward airfields) were light during this rapid advance, and AA defence of the bridges and other vital points was quickly taken over by the follow-up AA brigades, leaving divisional LAA units to drive on with their parent formations.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, North West Europe
XII Corps had a relatively minor role in Operation Market Garden, XXX Corps' attempt to 'bounce' a succession of bridges as far as Arnhem on the Rhine. However, 53rd (W) Division was engaged in heavy fighting to cross the Junction Canal and then clear the Wilhelmina Canal on XXX Corps' left flank. After the failure at Arnhem, the division continued to push forwards in Operation Pheasant, gaining a foothold in 's-Hertogenbosch on 26 October. It was then moved south to face the 'Venlo Pocket' along the west bank of the River Maas.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Disbandment
116th LAA Regiment remained with 53rd (Welsh) Division until 2 December 1944. By then, 21st Army Group was suffering an acute manpower crisis, particularly among the infantry, and surplus units and formations were being disbanded to provide drafts. The veteran 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division was broken up, and its air defence unit, 25th LAA Rgt (a pre-war Territorial Army regiment), was assigned to 53rd (W) Division. In consequence the more junior war-formed 116th LAA Rgt was broken up to provide reinforcements, and was officially disbanded on 31 January 1945.


116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Disbandment
The regiment's number was re-used for another LAA unit in 1947.


116th Mahrattas
The 116th Mahrattas were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. The regiment traces their origins to 1800, when they were raised as the 2nd Battalion, 7th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry.


116th Mahrattas
During World War I the regiment was attached to the 18th Indian Division for the Mesopotamia Campaign. They were involved in the  Actions at the Fat-ha Gorge and on the Little Zab and the Battle of Sharqat in October 1918.


116th Mahrattas
After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 116th Mahrattas became the 4th Battalion 5th Mahratta Light Infantry. After independence they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army.


116th Mahrattas, Sources
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116th Mahrattas, Sources
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116th Maine Senate
Below is the list of the 116th Maine Senate, which was sworn into office in December 1992 and left office in December 1994.


116th Mechanized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
The 116th Division was a military formation of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men.


116th Mechanized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China), History
The 116th Division was part of the 39th Army, consisting of the 346th, 347th, and 348th Regiments.


116th Mechanized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China), History, Korean War
The 116th Division was one of the first CCF divisions to attack the UN forces as they approached the Yalu River. It effectively reduced the 8th Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division to a combat ineffective unit, after inflicting severe losses on them at Unsan. In all, over eight hundred men of the 8th Cavalry were killed or captured—almost one-third of the regiment's strength.


116th Mechanized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China), History, Korean War
The enemy [Chinese] force that brought tragedy to the 8th Cavalry at Unsan was the CCF’s 116th Division. Elements of the 116th’s 347th Regiment were responsible for the roadblock south of Unsan. Also engaged in the Unsan action was the 115th Division.


116th Mechanized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China), Current
The formation appears to still be active with the 39th Group Army in the Northern Theater Command, as the 116th Mechanised Infantry Division.


116th Mechanized Infantry Division (People's Republic of China), Current
The division was involved with the rest of the 39th Army in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. On the evening of 3 June, Xu Feng, the division commander, switched to plain clothes and carried out his own reconnaissance of the city. When he returned, he told subordinates "not to look for him" and went into the division's communications vehicle. Thereafter, the division maintained radio silence and did not advance on Beijing, except for the 347th Regiment under Ai Husheng, which complied with orders and went to Tiananmen Square on 4 June. On 5 June, the rest of the division was escorted by other units to the square. Xu Feng was later disciplined for passive resistance.


116th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)
The 116th Military Intelligence Brigade (Aerial Intelligence) (116th MIB) is one of the U.S. Army's newest intelligence brigades charged with conducting 24/7 tasking, collection, processing, exploitation, dissemination and feedback operations of multiple organic and joint Aerial-Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (A-ISR) missions collected in overseas contingency areas of operation.


116th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States), History
The 116th MI Bde was constituted May 10, 1946, as the 116th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment. It was activated May 31, 1946, in Washington, DC. The unit was allotted to the regular army on March 5, 1951. In 1959, it was redesignated as the 116th Counterintelligence Corps Group, redesignated as the 116th Intelligence Corps Group in 1961, and then redesignated as the 116th Military Intelligence Group in October 1966. On January 9, 1973, the unit was deactivated in Washington, DC. It was later redesignated in February 1999, as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 116th Military Intelligence Group and activated June 16, 2000, at Fort Gordon, Georgia. The 116th was deactivated again Sept. 30, 2009.


116th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States), History
In August 2014, the designation Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 116th Military Intelligence Brigade was reserved for activation Oct. 15, 2015. The US Army approved the establishment of an aerial intelligence brigade and designated the 116th to fulfill the mission. According to the US Army, the 116th MI Bde will continue to grow in the coming years.


116th Mixed Brigade
The 116th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army, integrated into the 25th Division, that participated in the Spanish Civil War.


116th Mixed Brigade, History
In March 1937, the 116th Mixed Brigade was created in Cieza, although it had a short existence. On April 28, 1937, the 116th Mixed Brigade was reformed on the Aragon front as a unit of the 25th Division of the 12th Army Corps. It was made up of anarchist militiamen of the CNT-FAI from the former 1st Regiment of the South Ebro Column, whose militarization resulted in the 25th Division. In June 1937 the brigade participated in the Huesca Offensive, succeeding in occupying some enemy positions —although the general offensive failed.


116th Mixed Brigade, History
At the end of August 1937, in the face of the Zaragoza Offensive, it became part of the “D” Group commanded by Juan Modesto. On August 24, the unit was located in the area of Quinto to participate in the siege of Codo. In the assault on this town, the 116th MB fought alongside the 32nd Mixed Brigade in a confrontation with Carlist troops. A few days later, on August 28, it took the position of La Novia del Viento, a key point for the Battle of Belchite.


116th Mixed Brigade, History
In December 1937, the 116th MB was sent south along with the rest of the division to participate in a new Battle of Teruel. By December 18, it was fighting in the Old Cemetery and in the Hermitage of Santa Bárbara. The next day it advanced until it was one kilometer from Teruel's urban area. On December 21 it finally managed to occupy the Old Cemetery, although nationalist resistance would continue for two more days in the positions of the Hermitage of Santa Bárbara and «El Mansueto ». On January 1, 1938, together with the rest of the 25th Division, he managed to reestablish the republican lines after a nationalist counteroffensive.


116th Mixed Brigade, History
On March 10, after the beginning of the Aragon Offensive, he had to move hastily to the Alcorisa sector and later to Andorra, a town that would fall to the nationalist units. Later it fought on the Levante front. By April 28, the brigade was located in the area of Ejulve-Villarluengo, although later (May 12) it had to move back towards Albocàsser. By July 21, it was on the XYZ Line.


116th Mixed Brigade, History
The 116th MB remained inactive on the Levant front until the end of the war, in March 1939.


116th New York Infantry Regiment
The 116th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 116th New York Infantry was organized at Camp Morgan in Buffalo, New York beginning July 14, 1862 and mustered in August 10 - September 3, 1862 for three-years service under the command of Colonel Edward Payson Chapin.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Emery's Brigade, VIII Corps, Baltimore, Maryland, Middle Department, to November 1862. Emery's Brigade, Banks' Louisiana Expedition, to December 1862. Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to February 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, to July 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Army of the Shenandoah, Middle Military Division, to March 1865. 1st Brigade, Dwight's 1st Division (Provisional), Army of the Shenandoah, to April 1865. 1st Brigade, Dwight's Division, Department of Washington, to June 1865.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 116th New York Infantry mustered out of service June 8, 1865 and was discharged June 26, 1865 at Buffalo, New York. Recruits and veterans were transferred to the 90th New York Infantry.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left Buffalo for Baltimore, Md., September 5. Camp at Druid's Hill Park, Baltimore, until November 5, 1862. Movement into Pennsylvania against Stuart October 12–15. Reached Gettysburg, Pa., October 15. Ordered to Join Banks' Expedition and embarked on the steamer Atlantic for Fort Monroe, Va., November 6. Sailed for Ship Island, Miss., December 4. Moved to Carrollton December 30, then to Baton Rouge, La., February 3, 1863. Operations against Port Hudson, La., March 7–27. Moved to Winter's Plantation March 16–22. Duty at Baton Rouge until May 19. Advance on Port Hudson May 19–24. Action at Plain's Store May 21.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Port Hudson May 24-July 9. Assaults on Port Hudson May 27 and June 14. Surrender of Port Hudson July 9. Expedition to Donaldsville July 9–30. Action at Kock's Plantation, Bayou LaFourche, July 12–13. Moved to Baton Rouge August 1, then to New Orleans August 28. Sabine Pass Expedition September 4–12. Moved to Brashear City September 17. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30. Camp at New Iberia November 17, 1863 to January 8, 1864. Moved to Franklin January 8, and duty there until March 15. Red River Campaign March 15-May 22. Advance from Franklin to Alexandria March 15–26.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Sabine Cross Roads April 8. Pleasant Hill April 9. Monett's Ferry, Cane River Crossing, April 23. Construction of dam at Alexandria April 30-May 10. Retreat to Morganza May 13–20. Mansura May 16. Camp at Morganza until July. Ordered to Fort Monroe, Va., July 2, then to Washington July 12. Snicker's Gap Expedition July 14–23. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28. Battle of Winchester September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty near Middletown until November 9, and near Newtown until December 30. At Stephenson's Depot until April 5, 1865. Moved to Washington, D.C., and duty there until June. Grand Review of the Armies May 23–24.


116th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 222 men during service; 5 officers and 91 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 124 enlisted men died of disease.


116th New York State Legislature
The 116th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, during the second year of Roswell P. Flower's governorship, in Albany.


116th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (seven districts) and Kings County (three districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.


116th New York State Legislature, Background
On April 26, 1892, the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate Districts and the number of assemblymen per county. Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Jefferson, Niagara, Oneida, Oswego, Otsego, Saratoga, Ulster, Washington and Wayne counties lost one seat each; St. Lawrence County lost two seats; Erie and Queens counties gained one seat each; and Kings and New York counties gained six seats each.


116th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Prohibition Party, the Socialist Labor Party and a "People's Party" also nominated tickets.


116th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1892 was held on November 8. The only statewide elective offices up for election was carried by Charles Andrews, a Republican who was endorsed by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, was: Republican/Democratic 1,253,000; Prohibition 39,000; Socialist Labor 18,000; and People's Party 17,000.


116th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 3, 1893; and adjourned on April 20.


116th New York State Legislature, Sessions
William Sulzer (D) was elected Speaker with 71 votes against 52 for George R. Malby (R).


116th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 17, the Legislature elected Edward Murphy, Jr. (D) to succeed Frank Hiscock (R) as U.S. Senator from New York, for a six-year term beginning on March 4, 1893.


116th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 27, the Legislature passed "An Act to amend chapter 398, of the Laws of 1892, entitled 'An Act to provide for a convention to revise and amend the Constitution'", calling a Constitutional Convention to meet in 1894.


116th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: The Senators in the 116th Legislature had been elected in November 1891 for a two-year term under the apportionment of 1879, as listed below. Although the 115th Legislature (1892) had re-apportioned the Senate districts, the only election under the new apportionment was held in November 1893, to elect the senators who sat in the 117th and 118th Legislatures.


116th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


116th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


116th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


116th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.


116th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


116th Ohio General Assembly
The One Hundred Sixteenth Ohio General Assembly was the legislative body of the state of Ohio in 1985 and 1986. In this General Assembly, the Ohio Senate was controlled by the Republican Party and the Ohio House of Representatives was controlled by the Democratic Party. In the Senate, there were 18 Republicans and 15 Democrats. In the House, there were 58 Democrats and 41 Republicans.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 116th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 116th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 116th Ohio Infantry was organized Marietta and Gallipolis, Ohio, and mustered in September 18, 1862, for three years service under the command of Colonel James Washburn. Companies F and K mustered in October 28, 1862, and joined regiment at Buckhannon, Virginia.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Railroad Division, West Virginia, to January 1863. Romney, West Virginia, Defenses of the Upper Potomac, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to March 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to June 1863. 1st Brigade, Elliott's Command, VIII Corps, to July 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Department of the Susquehanna, July 1863. McReynolds' Command, Martinsburg, West Virginia, Department of West Virginia, to December 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, West Virginia, to April 1864. 1st Brigade. 1st Infantry Division, West Virginia, to December 1864. 1st Brigade, Independent Division, XXIV Corps, Army of the James, to June 1865.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 116th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service June 14, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia. Companies F and K were consolidated with the 62nd Ohio Infantry.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
This regiment was organized at Gallipolis and Marietta in Sept. and Oct.,1862, to serve for three years. On Oct. 16 it moved to Belpre, crossed the river to Parkersburg, and was immediately transported to Clarksburg, W. Va. Its first engagement was at Moorefield where it lost 2 or 3 men slightly wounded by fragments of shell, and about 20 were captured on the picket line. After a little scouting and foraging in the Moorefield Valley, the regiment moved to Romney, where it had about 50 men captured while guarding a forage train. In June Co.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
A and I participated in an engagement at Bunker Hill and lost about half their number in killed and captured, the remainder making their escape with great difficulty. It was comparatively idle, so far as fighting was concerned, until the spring of 1864, when it started up the Shenandoah Valley under Gen. Sigel. It participated in two charges at Piedmont losing 176 men killed and wounded, and at Lynchburg it also lost several men. The regiment fought with courage at Snicker's Ferry and participated in a charge which had much to do in deciding the fortunes of the day.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
At the Battle of Halltown it lost quite heavily and was engaged with slight loss at Berryville. It participated in the Battle of the Opequan, losing 4 killed and 22 wounded, and at the Battle of Fisher's Hill it charged a battery in the angle of the Confederate works, receiving the enemy's fire when only 100 yards distant, but rushed in and captured the battery in the very smoke of its discharge, losing 1 man killed and 4 wounded.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
It participated in the general engagement at Cedar creek and remained in that vicinity until December, when it joined the Army of the James. In the spring of 1865 it was engaged almost constantly, participated in the assault on Fort Gregg and then joined in the pursuit of the Confederates. It was mustered out on June 14, 1865.


116th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 185 men during service; 4 officers and 90 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 88 enlisted men died of disease.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment
The 116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment (116th RMO) (Arabic: الفوج 116 للمناورات العملياتية, French: 116e Régiment de Manœuvre Opérationnelle) is a special forces regiment of the Algerian land forces.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, History
Indeed, the 116th RMO is a recent regiment because it was created in 2015, a few months after the dissolution of the Groupement d'Intervention Spécial (GIS), this regiment was created to directly replace this unit.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, History
Following the dissolution of the GIS, the land forces of the Algerian Army decided to create a new elite unit to replace the GIS. However, the 116th RMO has a different status because it does not depend directly on the Algerian intelligence services, as was the case for the former GIS, but it belongs directly to the command of the land forces.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, History
They are under the direct orders of the Chief of Staff of the People's National Army, and their missions are followed up to the highest military level (the army's high command).


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, History
Moreover, the 116th RMO is the descendant of the GIS, so this regiment has naturally taken over the same missions as the latter, and is therefore capable of extremely diverse and varied operations.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, History
The 116th RMO joined their counterparts in the 104th RMO, which is also a special forces regiment that is the equivalent of the US Special Forces, while the 116th RMO has more characteristics to be the Algerian equivalent of the Delta Force.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, History
The majority of operators and most of the material was transferred to this regiment.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, Missions
The 116th RMO specializes in counterterrorism, counter guerrilla actions, and the hunting of terrorists in hostile and complex areas, as well as in hostage rescue. However, it is also capable of extremely diverse and varied operations.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, Missions
It can be tasked with protection of high military authorities, various special operations such as special reconnaissance and raids behind enemy lines, and other types of special missions.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, Organization
The regiment has several companies with several specialized groups such as HAHO/HALO groups, hostage rescue groups, combat swimmer groups, search and destroy groups etc...


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, Equipment and Armament
Operators have access to several types of weapons that are chosen according to the needs and nature of the mission.


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, Equipment and Armament
Each operator is equipped with a primary weapon (usually an assault rifle), a handgun, and in addition to this, various types of grenades (fragmentation, smoke, blinding, etc. ).


116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment, Equipment and Armament
Marksmans and snipers have a multitude of choices with regard to their weaponry, ranging from small and medium calibers to large calibers used for immaterial fire, which allows them to destroy light equipment, especially with heavy calibers such as the .50 caliber.


116th Operations Group
The 116th Operations Group is a Georgia Air National Guard unit assigned to the 116th Air Control Wing. The unit is stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. The 116th Group controls all operational Northrop Grumman E-8C Joint STARS aircraft of the 116th Air Control Wing. It was activated in 1992, when the Air Force implemented the Objective Wing organization, and was successively equipped with the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle and the Rockwell B-1 Lancer before converting to the E-8C in 2002.


116th Operations Group
The unit was first activated during World War II as the 353d Fighter Group, a Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter unit assigned to VIII Fighter Command in Western Europe, which later converted to the North American P-51 Mustang. The group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for its air support during Operation Market Garden, the airborne invasion of the Netherlands.


116th Operations Group
Postwar, in 1946, the group was redesignated the 116th Fighter Group and became part of the Georgia Air National Guard. In 1950, the group was mobilized for the Korean War as the 116th Fighter-Bomber Group, and was deployed to Japan. In 1952, the group was returned to the Georgia Air National Guard and became the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Group. The group converted to transport aircraft in 1961 and was successively redesignated the 116th Air Transport Group and the 116th Air Mobility Group. After the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War, the group was converted back to fighters in 1973, but was inactivated a year later.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
The group was organized as the 353d Fighter Group at Mitchel Field, New York, although it did not receive any pilots until it moved to Richmond AAB, Virginia. The group trained in the Mid-Atlantic states during 1942–1943 while also serving as an air defense organization. Its original squadrons were the 350th, 351st, and 352d Fighter Squadrons. The group was equipped with Curtiss P-40N Warhawks that had been used by other units, but in February 1943, it began receiving Republic P-47B Thunderbolts.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
The 353d moved to England May through June 1943, where it was assigned to the 66th Fighter Wing of VIII Fighter Command at Sawston Hall, Cambridge. The group was equipped with newer P-47D Thunderbolts and was the fourth P-47 unit to join the Eighth Air Force.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
Operations commenced on 9 August 1943 when sixteen planes joined P-47s of the 56th Fighter Group on an uneventful fighter sweep over the Netherlands. The group's first mission on its own was a bomber escort mission on 14 August. On the 16th, the group had its first engagement with enemy Me 109 and Fw 190 fighters. Unfortunately, the first group commander, Lt. Col. Joseph A. Morris was lost in combat that day. From Metfield the 353d flew numerous counter-air missions and provided escort for bombers that attacked targets in western Europe, made counter-air sweeps over France and the Low Countries, and dive bombed targets in France.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
In March 1944 the group commander. Col. Duncan, proposed to Maj Gen. Kepner, the commander of VIII Fighter Command, that a group of pilots be assembled who would be specialists in the art of ground strafing. On 15 March sixteen pilots from the 353d, 355th, 359th and 361st Fighter Groups were assembled under Col. Duncan and nicknamed "Bill's Buzz Boys". These pilots flew P-47s equipped with "paddle blade" propellors which improved the low altitude performance of their Thunderbolts.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
Until "Bill's Buzz Boys" were disbanded on 12 April they developed tactics for low level strafing attacks on enemy airfields, which prevented the Luftwaffe from shepherding their air defense forces on the ground, in order to use them only when they had an advantage, minimizing losses, because the aircraft were vulnerable both in the air and on the ground.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
During the Battle of Normandy, the 353d supported the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
The group received the Distinguished Unit Citation for supporting Operation Market Garden, the airborne attack on Arnhem and Nijmegen (Operation Market) and the advance of British Forces to link up with the airhead and attack across the Rhine River (Operation Garden) between 17 and 23 September 1944. On the 17th and 18th the group concentrated on strikes against enemy flak positions threatening the landing of airborne troops, claiming the destruction of 64 flak positions and damage to 22 more in the two days.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
These attacks also resulted in the loss of two of the group's planes and flak damage to 17 more. After standing down for two days due to weather, the 353d provided top cover to the Douglas C-53 Skytrooper and Douglas C-47 Skytrain aircraft carrying out the operation. While protecting the troop carriers the group claimed 25 victories over enemy fighters attacking the drop and landing zones while losing four more of its P-47s.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
In October 1944, the group converted to the North American P-51 Mustang. The group flew its first Mustang mission escorting Boeing B-17s on 2 October. This mission was the only one in which the group flew both P-47s and P-51s, although Thunderbolts continued to fly separate missions until the conversion was complete. Four days later Lt. C. W. Mueller claimed Eighth Air Force's second victory over a jet-propelled Me 262 fighter.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
About this time Raydon was known colloquially as "Bomb Alley" due to the number of German V-1 "Doodlebug" flying bombs which flew directly overhead on their way to London. One V-1 blew up as it went over and the engine narrowly missed the bomb dump in Raydon Great Wood.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
The group continued its fighter-bomber, escort, and counter-air activities, participating in the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 through January 1945 and Operation Varsity, the airborne attack across the Rhine in March 1945. The group had two "aces in a day" on 24 March when Lt. Col. Wayne Blickenstaff and Maj. Robert Elder each claimed five victories. The group encountered a formation of Fw 190 aircraft loaded with bombs, with another formation of Me 109s flying top cover for them. The group attacked the enemy formations, claiming a total of 29 destroyed while losing five aircraft. This was the only time in the history of Eighth Air Force when two pilots from the same unit destroyed five or more enemy aircraft in the same engagement.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
The 353d's flew its last combat mission (its 448th) on 25 April 1945, when it escorted Royal Air Force and 398th Bombardment Group bombers attacking Berchtesgaden and Pilsen. It had lost 152 aircraft in combat. 50 of the pilots had become prisoners of war or evadees (including group commander, Col. Glenn E. Duncan), but most aircraft losses also involved the loss of the pilot. After the end of hostilities, the group trained and prepared for transfer to the Pacific Theater. With the end of World War II in September, the group left Raydon and transferred back to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey where it was inactivated on 18 October 1945.


116th Operations Group, History, World War II
After VE day in May 1945, Colonel Glen E. Duncan received a B-17 Flying Fortress from school friend Colonel John B Kidd from the 100th Bomb Group in return for Kidd flying a P-47 Thunderbolt. The B-17 was painted in the 353rd colors (yellow/black checkerboard cowls) and used to fly ground crewmembers over Germany so that they could observe the impact their aircraft had made in the war.


116th Operations Group, History, Georgia Air National Guard
The wartime 353d Fighter Group was redesignated as the 116th Fighter Group, allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Marietta Army Air Field, Georgia, and was extended federal recognition on 20 August 1946 by the National Guard Bureau. The 116th Fighter Group was entitled to the history, honors, and colors of the 353d Fighter Group. It was assigned to the 54th Fighter Wing.


116th Operations Group, History, Georgia Air National Guard
The 116th Fighter Group consisted of the 128th Fighter Squadron at Marietta AAF, and the 158th Fighter Squadron at Chatham Army Air Field, near Savannah. As part of the Continental Air Command Fourteenth Air Force, the unit trained for tactical fighter missions and air-to-air combat.


116th Operations Group, History, Korean Mobilization
In October 1950, the group was mobilized and moved to George Air Force Base. Under the regular Air Force's wing base organization the 116th Fighter-Bomber Wing was activated as the headquarters for the group and the units supporting it. The 128th Fighter-Bomber Squadron remained with the group after mobilization, but its other units were the 159th Fighter-Bomber Squadron of the Florida Air National Guard and the 196th Fighter-Bomber Squadron of the California Air National Guard.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
The group was redesignated the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Group, returned to the Georgia Air National Guard on 10 July 1952 and activated at Dobbins Air Force Base. The 116th was gained by Air Defense Command (ADC). It was initially equipped with old North American P-51H Mustangs, but soon converted to Republic F-84 Thunderjets. In 1958, the group began to stand alert with its interceptors. In 1960 the F-84s were replaced by the North American F-86L Sabre.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
In 1961, the group traded in its Sabres for Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter transports, becoming the 116th Air Transport Group. The group flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to the Caribbean, Europe, Greenland, and the Middle East. In 1966 the 116th, now the 116th Military Airlift Group, was the first Air National Guard group to receive Douglas C-124 Globemaster II strategic heavy airlifters.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
In the years after the Vietnam War, the 116th returned to the fighter mission and was re-equipped with North American F-100 Super Sabre. In 1974 the Air National Guard eliminated its tactical groups at locations that also had a wing headquarters and the 116th Tactical Fighter Group was inactivated on 9 December.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
In 1992 as part of the post Cold War reorganizations of the Air Force, the 116th Wing converted to the Air Force Objective Wing organization and the group was again activated as the  116th Operations Group.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
After calling Dobbins home for 50 years, the 116th simultaneously converted from the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighters to the Rockwell B-1 Lancer strategic bomber and moved 110 miles south to Robins Air Force Base near Warner Robins, Georgia and the former Strategic Air Command alert facility there.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
Under the Air Force's Total Force Initiative the 116th Wing became a "blended" wing. The 93d Air Control Wing, an active-duty unit, was inactivated on 1 October 2002 and the 116th Group was assigned both members of the Guard and active duty airmen. The unit was equipped with the new E-8C Joint STARS airborne battle management aircraft.


116th Operations Group, History, Return to the Georgia Air National Guard
On 24 November 2010, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force designated the 116th Air Control Wing as an "Active Associate" wing and replaced the "blended" wing concept. A new active duty associate wing was formed, and the squadrons with active duty airmen were reassigned to the 461st Air Control Wing. The two units continue to operate together to accomplish the shared J-STARS mission.


116th Operations Group, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


116th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
The 116th Panzer Division, also known as the "Windhund (Greyhound) Division", was a German armoured formation that saw combat during World War II.


116th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), History, Formation
The 116th Division was constituted in the Rhineland and Westphalia areas of western Germany in March 1944 from the remnants of the 16th Panzergrenadier Division, and the 179th Reserve Panzer Division. The 16th had suffered heavy casualties in combat on the Eastern Front near Stalingrad, and the 179th was a second-line formation that had been on occupation duty in France since 1943.


116th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), History, Western Front
In 1944, it participated in opposing the Normandy landings, the Battle of Normandy, and was later trapped in the Falaise Pocket following Operation Cobra.


116th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), History, Western Front
Along with the 2nd SS Panzer Division, it was responsible for holding the pocket open to allow German troops to escape. It managed to escape, although with only 600 infantry and 12 tanks intact. In October, it fought against American forces in the Battle of Aachen, with the town falling to the Americans on 21 October. It was moved to Düsseldorf for refitting. On 8 November, the division repulsed an attack from the U.S. 28th Infantry Division in the Hürtgen Forest during the larger Battle of Hürtgen Forest, recapturing the town of Schmidt, thus providing the name to the 28th of the "Bloody Bucket Division".


116th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), History, Western Front
The 116th then participated in the failed "Wacht am Rhein" Operation in the Ardennes. On 10 December, before the offensive, it was partly refitted, with 26 Panzer IV and 43 Panther tanks and 25 Jagdpanzer IV tank destroyers (of which 13 were combat ready). However, it was still missing much of its organic transport. Initially stalled by the resistance and then poor bridges in attacks to cross the Our River at Luetzkampen and Ouren, it back-tracked to march through Belgium from Dasburg to Houffalize. The division then fought its way as the middle spearhead of the advance on the Meuse from Samree to La Roche. It was then involved in heavy fighting at Hotton and Verdenne, where it was turned back at its furthest advance in the Ardennes.


116th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), History, Western Front
It later delayed Allied forces allowing other German units to retreat, before being withdrawn over the Rhine in March. It then opposed the U.S. Ninth Army's advance across the Rhine, thus stopping the planned Allied breakthrough as well as opposing Operation Varsity's airborne landings. With 2,800 men and 10 tanks against 50,000 Allied troops and supporting tanks, the division faced the U.S. 30th, the U.S. 35th, the U.S. 84th, the 4th Canadian and the U.S. 8th Armored Divisions. On 16 April 1945, the majority of the division was forced to surrender to the U.S. Ninth Army, having been trapped in the Ruhr Pocket. Remnants of the division continued to fight in the Harz mountains until 30 April, surrendering only after all of their resources had been exhausted.


116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 116th Pennsylvania Infantry was a volunteer infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It formed a part of the Irish Brigade.


116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, was recruited from among the Irish Americans of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the summer of 1862. Dennis Heenan served as its first colonel, St. Clair A. Mulholland as lieutenant colonel, and George H. Bardwell as major. At the end of August 1862, the regiment was ordered to report to Washington, D.C., and was assigned to the Irish Brigade, which was the 2nd Brigade,1st Division, II Corps, Army of the Potomac. The following month, it was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley, where it saw minor skirmishing.


116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
At the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, the 116th charged up Marye's Heights. Despite losing many of their officers and men, including Colonel Heenan, they remained at the wall until dark. The regiment had lost so many men that it was consolidated into a battalion of four companies under the command of Mulholland.


116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The 116th performed well at the Battle of Chancellorsville, where it helped rescue the 5th Maine Battery from capture. In this action, Mulholland earned a Medal of Honor. On the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, the 1st Division was sent into the Wheatfield to support the III Corps, where the 116th engaged in hand-to-hand combat. Caught in a crossfire, the division was forced to retreat. During Pickett's Charge the following day, the regiment supported the 2nd Connecticut Battery but wasn't needed in the fighting.


116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
During the following few months, the 116th remained in northern Virginia. In the spring of 1864, Mulholland was given permission to recruit the regiment back to full strength. Enough men were raised in Philadelphia to form Companies E, F, and G in addition to bringing the four companies at the front to strength, though many of the veterans were consolidated into A Company. Companies H, I, and K were raised in Pittsburgh. Mulholland was promoted to colonel, while Richard C. Dale became lieutenant colonel and John Teed, who had been captured at Gettysburg, major.


116th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The 116th fought all through the Overland Campaign, where it continued to lose heavily in officers and men. Mulholland was wounded at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and Dale was missing in action. Mulholland was wounded again at the Battle of Cold Harbor. Heavy losses continued during the Siege of Petersburg. In July, the Irish Brigade was broken up and the 116th was assigned to the 4th Brigade, 1st Division. After the Appomattox Campaign, the regiment was sent to Alexandria, where, on June 3, companies A, B, C, and D where mustered out. The remaining companies were mustered out on July 14 in Washington.


116th Street (Manhattan)
116th Street runs from Riverside Drive, overlooking the Hudson River, to the East River, through the New York City borough of Manhattan. It traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem; the street is interrupted between Morningside Heights and Harlem by Morningside Park.


116th Street (Manhattan), History
The street was designated by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 that established the Manhattan street grid as one of 15 east-west streets that would be 100 feet (30 m) in width (while other streets were designated as 60 feet (18 m) in width).


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, West Side
The western entrance to 116th Street at Riverside Drive is flanked by a pair of white apartment buildings with curved facades, The Colosseum and The Paterno.


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, West Side
The New York Times has said that the  "opposing curves, (form) a gateway as impressive as any publicly built arch or plaza in New York. The unusual curves of the road are the result of an 1897 plan to make the land between Claremont Avenue and Riverside Drive into a public park in order to give veterans parades with a large park adjacent to Grant's Tomb as a terminus.


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, West Side
The street was redesigned so that a vehicle or a parade coming up Riverside Drive would swing onto 116th Street in a gracious curve, then immediately swing north onto Claremont Avenue following a second curve. The city never appropriated funds to buy the land, but the curves remain. The top of The Paterno is capped with an architectural fancy masking a water tower in a shape that conjures up a section of Mansard roof, complete with dormer window. It is visible from the gates of Columbia University at Broadway and 116th Street.


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, West Side
The intersection of 116th Street and Broadway, is the location of the main entrance of Columbia University, the city's Ivy League school. Until the 1950s, the street ran uninterrupted through Morningside Heights from Riverside Drive to Morningside Park. In 1953, during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency at Columbia, however, the block between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue was permanently closed to vehicular traffic and was turned into a pedestrian way called "College Walk." The street had been ceded to Columbia in exchange for a payment of $1,000. The street is again interrupted where it meets Morningside Drive, this time by the steep downward slope of Morningside Park.


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, East Side
The main, east-west thoroughfare portion of 116th Street begins at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and runs east through central Harlem. A large West African immigrant community has developed in central Harlem with stores, bakeries and cafés along 116th Street west of St. Nicholas Avenue. This community has been called Little Senegal or Le Petit Senegal.


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, East Side
At Lenox Ave., the street runs past the Malcolm Shabazz Mosque, formerly the Mosque No. 7 . The building was erected as the Lenox Casino.


116th Street (Manhattan), Description, East Side
East of Fifth Avenue, 116th Street has historically been the primary business hub of Spanish Harlem. From Lexington Avenue to First Avenue, the street is lined with businesses selling food, clothing, and other specialty and ethnically specific goods to a Spanish-speaking clientele. East 116th Street terminates at FDR Drive, the site of the East River Plaza, a retail mall complex with large commercial tenants Costco, Aldi and Target.


116th Street (Manhattan), Transportation
Subway stations on 116th Street are, from west to east:


116th Street (Manhattan), Transportation
The future 116th Street will serve the N, Q, and R trains at Second Avenue when constructed.


116th Street (Manhattan), Transportation
The M116 New York City Bus route also stops on the street.


116th Street (Manhattan), In popular culture
116th Street in Harlem is the background for the book The Street (1946) by Ann Petry. The story is about Lutie Johnson, a single young black mother, who moves to 116th Street to give her son better opportunities.


116th Street (Manhattan), In popular culture
116th Street and Broadway is the opening scene of The Caine Mutiny (1951) by Herman Wouk as Willie Keith is being dropped off by his mother to join the Navy in World War II.


116th Street (Manhattan), Gallery
Looking west from Morningside Drive; Morningside Park is behind the camera.


116th Street (Manhattan), Gallery
Carl Schurz statue at the 116th Street overlook at Morningside Park.


116th Street (Manhattan), Gallery
Morningside Avenue, east side of the park. 115th Street buildings in background.


116th Street (Manhattan), Gallery
116th Street at Eighth Avenue in Harlem, and the uptown entrance to 116th Street station (A, B, and C trains).


116th Street (Manhattan), Gallery
West African stores between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Eighth Avenue in Harlem.


116th Street (Manhattan), Gallery
El Barrio, 116th Street between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue.


116th Street Crew
The 116th Street Crew, also known as the Uptown Crew, is a powerful crew within the Genovese crime family. In the early 1960s, Anthony Salerno became one of the most powerful capos in the family. Salerno based the crew out of the Palma Boys Social Club located 416 East 115th Street in East Harlem, Manhattan. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, the 116th Street Crew had absorbed and initiated many former members of the vicious East Harlem Purple Gang, an Italian-American murder for hire and drug trafficking gang operating in 1970s Italian Harlem and acting generally independent of the Mafia.


116th Street Crew, History, The 116th Street Mob
In the early 1890s, a group of four brothers (Giuseppe Morello, and his half-brothers Nicholo, Vincenzo and Ciro Terranova) arrived in New York City from Corleone, Sicily. The Morello-Terranova brothers soon started taking over the growing Little Italy in East Harlem, by using the black hand technique of extorting small business and running illegal gambling operations. The group became known as the 116th Street Mob (or Morello gang). With their increasing power the Morello's sought to control Lower Manhattan's Little Italy.


116th Street Crew, History, The 116th Street Mob
The Little Italy in lower Manhattan was under the control of Ignazio "Lupo the Wolf" Saietta, Before a gang war erupted, the two sides decided on joining forces. Giuseppe Morello became the Capo di tutti capi (or boss of bosses), but before long he and Ignazio Saietta were arrested and charged with counterfeiting in 1910. In 1910 The Lomonte Brothers cousins of Morello ran East Harlem till 1915, Fortunto Lomonte killed 1914 on East 108th st., Tomasso Lomonte killed 1915 on East 116th st


116th Street Crew, History, The 116th Street Mob
Nicholo Morello took over and became embroiled in the Mafia-Camorra War. This conflict was between the Sicilian Morello-Terranova family and Brooklyn Camorra gangs led by Pellegrino Morano. Each side wanted to completely control all the Italian gangs in New York City and across the United States. On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. The next leaders of the Morello family were brothers Vincenzo and Ciro. They continued the war and within months police began arresting top members of the Camorra gangs. This allowed the Sicilians to maintain dominance and control over New York City and the remaining Camorra gangs joined forces with Sicilian gangs. Vincent continued operating from Brooklyn, and Ciro continued expanding his operations in East Harlem and The Bronx.


116th Street Crew, History, The Artichoke King
Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova controlled the 116th Street Crew during the prohibition era. In his later years, after being "encouraged" by younger gangsters to retire in 1935 and subsequently declaring bankruptcy and losing his Pelham Manor home to foreclosure, Terranova and his wife moved into the building long owned by the Morello-Terranova family at 338 East 116th Street (the headquarters of the Ignatz Florio Co-operative Association).


116th Street Crew, History, Coppola's policy racket
Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, was a top lieutenant in the 116th Street Crew of Ciro Terranova. He took over the crew sometime between 1932 and 1936, after Terranova was "put on the shelf" (i.e. forced into retirement) by the new Luciano-Genovese-Costello regime of the Luciano crime family. Coppola was also supervising the illegal numbers racket that was once controlled by Dutch Schultz before his murder. The numbers racket controlled bookmaking and illegal gambling throughout Harlem and The South Bronx, making thousands of dollars a year.


116th Street Crew, History, Coppola's policy racket
When boss Vito Genovese was imprisoned in the late 1950s, various influential members began running the crime family through a ruling panel/committee. The panel consisted of acting/front boss Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underboss Gerardo "Gerry" Catena and consigliere Michele "Big Mike" Miranda, while others served in the advisory capacity. Mike Coppola, an influential capo, also helped the panel. In the early 1960s, Mike Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and followed in the footsteps of his predecessor Ciro Terranova, being put on the shelf after his release from prison in 1963. Coppola later moved to South Florida and effectively retired. His crew, with his vast illegal interests went to Anthony Salerno.


116th Street Crew, History, Palma Boys crew
Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno started as a soldier in the 1930s under capo Michael Coppola. As the years went by, Salerno worked his way up the ranks of the crew and the crime family, controlling his own lucrative gambling and loansharking operations. In the early 1960s, his capo Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and demoted in rank. The crew then split, allowing Coppola's top lieutenants to break up his vast illegal interests that included his numbers empire. Salerno based the 116th Street Crew from the Palma Boys Social Club located at 416 East 115th Street in East Harlem.


116th Street Crew, History, Palma Boys crew
Salerno, and his brother Cirino (known as "Charles" or "Charlie Speed") led the crew, operating in Italian Harlem and the Bronx. The Salerno brothers oversaw a multimillion-dollar gambling racket based in East Harlem that expanded into the South Bronx. Salerno's gambling empire included numbers, bookmaking and floating dice games. Even when the East Harlem neighborhood went from a predominantly Italian to a predominantly black neighborhood, Salerno managed to hold onto their interests and employ over 200 people in their street rackets.


116th Street Crew, History, Palma Boys crew
Salerno was a highly respected and feared gangster, and a well-known New York Mafia powerhouse who continued to rise through the ranks of the Genovese crime family becoming consigliere from 1972–75, underboss in 1975, and eventually the acting–front boss from 1981-86. In the late 1970s, the FBI managed to place a listening device in his East Harlem headquarters, the Palma Boys Social Club.


116th Street Crew, History, Palma Boys crew
By the early 1980s, Salerno had been caught on the bug discussing crime family affairs and business with various members, including top underlings such as capo Matthew "Matty the Horse" Ianniello, Salerno driver and right-hand-man Vincent "Fish" Cafaro, and even Lucchese crime family boss Anthony "Tony Ducks" Corallo, whose own Jaguar, where Corallo conducted much of his affairs, had also been bugged. In February 1985, the information obtained through the FBI bug was used to eventually indict Salerno and the bosses of New York's Five Families, who sat on The Commission. The Mafia Commission Trial began in September 1986 and ended in November. Tony Salerno, along with five other New York bosses were convicted under the RICO statute and sentenced to 100 years in prison in January 1987.


116th Street Crew, History, Bellomo era
Liborio "Barney" Bellomo took over the crew in the early 1980s, operating in Harlem and the Bronx. In the early 1990s, Bellomo was promoted to street boss for imprisoned boss Vincent "The Chin" Gigante. On July 27, 1992, former capo Anthony Salerno died in prison. Bellomo was imprisoned, and various acting leaders such as Frank "Farby" Serpico and Ernest "Ernie" Muscarella controlled the crew.


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
116th Street is a local station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 116th Street and 8th Avenue in Harlem, Manhattan, it is served by the B train on weekdays, the C train at all times except nights, and the A train during late nights only.


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
This underground station, opened on September 10, 1932, has four tracks and two side platforms. The platforms have name tablets reading "116TH ST." in white sans-serif lettering on a midnight blue background and black border, but no trim line. Small direction and name signs reading "116" in white lettering on a black border run at regular intervals. There are blue I-beam columns that run along both platforms at regular intervals with every other one having the standard black station name plate in white lettering.


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
Each platform has one same-level fare control area at their extreme south ends. Each one has a turnstile bank and two staircases to the street. The southbound platform has a token booth while the northbound platform does not, having been closed in 2010 and removed several years later.


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
There are no crossovers or crossunders between the two platforms. As a result, this station and 135th Street are the only two stations on the Eighth Avenue Line north of 59th Street that do not permit free transfers between opposite directions.


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
The station is planned to be rehabilitated as part of the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program.


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
The exits on the northbound platform go up to either eastern corners of 116th Street and Eighth Avenue while the exits on the southbound platform go up to either western corners:


116th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
Both platforms also had a part-time entrance/exit at the north end to both northern corners of 118th Street and Fredrick Douglass Boulevard, with the northbound platform's entrance/exit leading to the northeastern corner and the southbound platform's entrance/exit leading to the northwestern corner.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line)
116th Street is a station on the IRT Lenox Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 116th Street and Lenox Avenue in Harlem, it is served by the 2 and 3 trains at all times.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line)
The 116th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction on the tunnel segment that includes the 116th Street station started on October 2 of the same year. The station opened on November 23, 1904. The station platforms were lengthened in 1910.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line)
The 116th Street station contains two side platforms and two tracks. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platforms contain exits to Lenox Avenue's intersection with 116th Street and are not connected to each other within fare control.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and legal challenges were resolved near the end of 1899. The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
The 116th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's East Side Branch (now the Lenox Avenue Line). Farrell & Hopper began building the section from 110th Street to 135th Street on August 30, 1900, subcontracting the section north of 116th Street to John C. Rodgers. The excavation was relatively easy because the subway was under one side of Lenox Avenue and there were no street railway tracks to work around.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
On November 23, 1904, the East Side Branch opened to 145th Street. Initially, the station was served by East Side local and express trains. Local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street). Express trains had their southern terminus at South Ferry or Atlantic Avenue and had their northern terminus at 145th Street or West Farms (180th Street). Express trains to 145th Street were eliminated in 1906, and West Farms express trains operated through to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $41.7 million in 2020) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $13,887,500 in 2020) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. The platforms at the 116th Street station were extended 55 feet (17 m) to both the north and south. On January 23, 1911, ten-car express trains began running on the East Side Branch.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations
In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations
The IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock. These fleet contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The first such fleet, the R12, was put into service in 1948. The route to White Plains Road, formerly the route to West Farms, became known as the 2, while the route to Lenox Avenue–145th Street became the 3. In 1959, all 2 and 3 trains became express.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations
Starting on March 2, 1998, the tunnel was reconstructed along with the cracked tunnel floor, and the 116th Street station was closed for a complete renovation. This was done to correct a major water problem that had existed for many years due to the presence of the Harlem Creek and other underground streams, which caused extensive flooding, water damage, and seepage problems that occasionally contributed to severe service disruptions. The project cost $82 million and was finished on October 12, 1998.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations
During the reconstruction, many 2 trains were rerouted via the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, while the 3 trains were rerouted to the 137th Street–City College station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Each of the two Lenox Avenue Line tracks were alternately taken out of service and supplemental shuttle bus service connecting to other lines in the area were provided for much of this time.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), Station layout
The station has two tracks and two side platforms. The 2 and 3 trains stop here at all times. The platforms were originally 350 feet (110 m) long, as at other stations north of 96th Street. The platform extensions are at the north ends of the original platforms. Fare control is at platform level. There are no crossovers or crossunders between the two side platforms to allow free transfer between directions.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), Station layout, Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. The platforms consist of 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm) concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every 15 feet (4.6 m), while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 feet (1.5 m), support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a 1-inch (25 mm) gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4-inch (100 mm)-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), Station layout, Design
The original decorative scheme consisted of blue tile station-name tablets, buff tile bands, a light blue terracotta cornice, and dark blue terracotta plaques. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor Manhattan Glass Tile Company and terracotta contractor Atlantic Terra Cotta Company. It features extensive mosaics featuring Harlem history and famous African-Americans. It was fully renovated as part of the 1998 Lenox Avenue subway reconstruction project. The reconstruction project gave this station all new wall tiling and restored the "116" terra cotta wall cartouches.


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), Station layout, Design
The artworks here are Minton's Playhouse on the uptown platform, and Movers and Shakers on the downtown platform (both by Vincent Smith, 1999).


116th Street station (IRT Lenox Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
Two staircases from each platform lead to the intersection of Lenox Avenue and West 116th Street. The staircases from the southbound platform lead to the western corners, while those from the northbound platform lead to the eastern corners.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
116th Street is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 116th Street in East Harlem, it is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. It was renovated in 2003.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
Following the completion of the original subway, there were plans to construct a line along Manhattan's east side north of 42nd Street. The original plan for what became the extension north of 42nd Street was to continue it south through Irving Place and into what is now the BMT Broadway Line at Ninth Street and Broadway. In July 1911, the IRT had withdrawn from the talks, and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) was to operate on Lexington Avenue. The IRT submitted an offer for what became its portion of the Dual Contracts on February 27, 1912.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
In 1913, as part of the Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, the Public Service Commission planned to split the original Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) system from looking like a "Z" system (as seen on a map) to an "H"-shaped system. The original system would be split into three segments: two north–south lines, carrying through trains over the Lexington Avenue and Broadway–Seventh Avenue Lines, and a west–east shuttle under 42nd Street. This would form a roughly "H"-shaped system. It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Upper East Side and the Bronx.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
116th Street station opened on July 17, 1918, with service initially running between Grand Central–42nd Street station and 167th Street via the line's local tracks. On August 1, the "H system" was put into place, with through service beginning on the new east and west side trunk lines, and the institution of the 42nd Street Shuttle along the old connection between the sides. The cost of the extension from Grand Central was $58 million.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Station renovation
This station was renovated in 2003, along with the 77th Street and 86th Street stations on the Lexington Avenue Line. As part of the project, structural deficiencies were repaired, signage and lighting were enhanced, electrical service was upgraded, station facilities were rehabilitated, new fare arrays and a new token booth were installed, and portions of the station were upgraded to be compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In addition, visual clutter was eliminated, and artwork was installed.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Station renovation
The contract for the station renovation project, which was expected to take two year, was expected to be advertised in October 2000. The contract for these three stations was awarded in October 2001, and the projects were done in-house. The cost of the work at 116th Street station was $15.5 million, of which $12.3 million came from the Federal government.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
This underground station has two tracks and two side platforms, and serves local trains only. The two express tracks pass underneath on a lower level and are not visible from the platforms. The 6 stops here at all times, and the 4 stops here during late nights.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
Fare control is at platform level, and no crossover or crossunder is provided. The station has standard IRT number and station name tiles. Both platforms have emergency exits from the lower level express tracks.


116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
This station has staircases that lead out to the four corners of the intersection of 116th Street and Lexington Avenue. Staircases on the western corners serve the southbound platform, while those on the eastern corners serve the northbound platform.