115th New York Infantry Regiment, Content, Officers of the 115th NY Volunteer Regiment
But we must stop, for we can add nothing to the laurels already wreathed around the brow of one of the best of our country's defenders, the 115th Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry. It only remains to add the following list of battles which were participated in by the regiment, or a part of it.


115th New York Infantry Regiment, Content, Officers of the 115th NY Volunteer Regiment, Battles Engaged in by the 115th NY Volunteer Infantry
The 115th brought out of the war six flags, which Col. Sammons, in behalf of the regiment, presented to the State. The national ensign, a gift of the ladies of the XVth Senatorial district, 20 August 1862, showed service, the staff and three-fifths of the flag being gone. The regimental banner, presented by the state authorities while the regiment was at Fonda, of silk, with eagle and shield in the center, the national motto in a scroll beneath, and thirty-four stars in the field above, bearing the inscription, "115th N.Y. Vol. Regiment Infantry," came out rent in the center and torn from side to side.


115th New York Infantry Regiment, Content, Officers of the 115th NY Volunteer Regiment, Battles Engaged in by the 115th NY Volunteer Infantry
A second and similar regimental banner survived in better condition, and with it was a new national flag inscribed with the names of the regiment's battles ; also two guidons of bunting. These flags were turned over to the adjutant general. They are represented by Lieut.-Col. N. J. Johnson, and are carried by Sergt. James English, who lost an arm while supporting them in the field.


115th New York Infantry Regiment, Content, Officers of the 115th NY Volunteer Regiment, Battles Engaged in by the 115th NY Volunteer Infantry
Information cited from the Montgomery County, New York -Official Website - which was derived from "The History of Montgomery and Fulton Counties" by F.W. Beers, 1878.


115th New York State Legislature
The 115th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5 to April 26, 1892, during the first year of Roswell P. Flower's governorship, in Albany.


115th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (seven districts) and Kings County (three districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.


115th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In New York City, the Democrats were split into three factions: Tammany Hall, the "County Democracy" and the "New York Democracy". The Prohibition Party and the Socialist Labor Party also nominated tickets.


115th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1891 was held on November 3. Roswell P. Flower was elected Governor; and Speaker William F. Sheehan was elected Lieutenant Governor, both Democrats. The other five statewide elective offices up for election were also carried by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Democratic 585,000; Republican 535,000; Prohibition 30,000; and Socialist Labor 15,000.


115th New York State Legislature, Elections
This was the first time that seats in the Legislature were contested in the courts. Previously, since Independence in 1777, seats could be contested only in the Legislature, after the beginning of the session, and it took usually a long time to come to a conclusion. Most contestants whose claims were found to be correct, were seated only a few days before the end of the session. Now it became possible to take the contest to the courts, swiftly being decided by New York Court of Appeals, before the session began.


115th New York State Legislature, Elections
At this time, the Court of Appeals was composed of five Democrats and two Republicans, and ruled in favor of Democrats Edward B. Osborne, John A. Nichols and Charles E. Walker who were referred to in the press as "usurpers", holding their seats by fraud. Seven more seats were then contested in the Legislature.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 5, 1892; and adjourned on April 25.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Robert P. Bush (D) was elected Speaker with 65 votes against 55 for James W. Husted (R).


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Jacob A. Cantor (D) was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate with 15 votes against 14 for George Z. Erwin (R).


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 13, the Democratic senators met in caucus to discuss the scheme of unseating Republicans John H. Derby and Harvey J. Donaldson. Senator William L. Brown refused to go along with the scheme.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 14, Senators George Z. Erwin, Edmund O'Connor and Charles T. Saxton (all three Rep.) refused to vote on a substitute Enumeration Bill, and were declared in contempt by the Democratic majority.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 20, the Enumeration Bill was finally passed. It had been due in 1885, but Republicans and Democrats could not agree on the terms. The Census Bill passed by Republican majorities in the Legislature of 1885 was vetoed by Gov. David B. Hill. In 1892, for the first time since 1885 the majorities in both Houses of the Legislature and the Governor were of the same party, and the enumeration bill was rushed through. The enumeration was needed as a basis for the re-apportionment of the Senate and Assembly districts.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On February 10, the Legislature elected James F. Crooker (Dem.) as Superintendent of Public Instruction, with 81 votes against 71 for Andrew S. Draper (Rep.), to succeed Draper on April 7 for a term of three years.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for a special session on April 25, at 8.30 p.m., to consider the re-apportionment of the Senate districts and the number of assemblymen per county.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On April 26, the Re-Apportionment Bill was passed by a vote of 17 to 1 (the 14 Republicans refused to vote) in the Senate; and by a vote of 67 to 58 in the Assembly. Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Jefferson, Niagara, Oneida, Oswego, Otsego, Saratoga, Ulster, Washington and Wayne counties lost one seat each; St. Lawrence County lost two seats; Erie and Queens counties gained one seat each; and Kings and New York counties gained six seats each.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On August 5, Monroe County Judge Rumsey declared the Re-Apportionment Bill as unconstitutional and void.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On September 23, Supreme Court Justice Stephen L. Mayham declared the Re-Apportionment Bill as constitutional.


115th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On October 13, the Court of Appeals upheld the Re-Apportionment Bill by a party vote of 5 to 2.


115th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


115th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Joseph Aspinall, Martin T. McMahon, Charles P. McClelland, Edward B. Osborne, Cornelius R. Parsons and Matthias Endres changed from the Assembly to the Senate.


115th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


115th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.


115th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


115th Ohio General Assembly
The One Hundred Fifteenth Ohio General Assembly was the legislative body of the state of Ohio in 1983 and 1984. In this General Assembly, both the Ohio Senate and the Ohio House of Representatives were controlled by the Democratic Party. In the Senate, there were 17 Democrats and 16 Republicans. In the House, there were 62 Democrats and 37 Republicans. It was the first General Assembly to use redistricted legislative districts from the 1980 United States Census.


115th Ohio General Assembly, Major events, Vacancies
December 2, 1983: Senator Sam Speck (R-20th) resigns. March 11, 1983: Representative Pete Crossland (D-42nd) resigns. July 19, 1983: Representative Arthur Wilkowski (D-46th) resigns. March 6, 1984: Senator Tom Fries (D-6th) resignsMay 17, 1984: Senator Morris Jackson (D-21st) resigns. May 20, 1984: Senator Ben Skall (R-22nd) resigns. May 22, 1984: Representative Jim Petro (R-6th) resigns.


115th Ohio General Assembly, Major events, Appointments
March 16, 1983: Vernon Sykes is appointed to the 42nd House District. November 30, 1983: Don Czarcinski is appointed to the 46th House District. January 10, 1984: Bob Ney is appointed to the 20th Senatorial District. March 6, 1984: Tom Talbott is appointed to the 6th Senatorial District. May 17, 1984: Michael R. White is appointed to the 21st Senatorial District. May 20, 1984: Grace L. Drake is appointed to the 22nd Senatorial District. May 23, 1984: Jeff Jacobs is appointed to the 6th House District.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 115th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 115th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 115th Ohio Infantry was organized Massillon, Ohio, and mustered in September 18, 1862, for three years service under the command of Colonel Jackson A. Lucy.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Post of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to January 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XII Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to April 1864. Unassigned, 4th Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to July 1864. 1st Brigade, Defenses of Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, Department of the Cumberland, to March 1865. 1st Brigade, 1st Sub-District, District of Middle Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 115th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service June 23, 1865, at Murfreesboro, Tennessee.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, September 27. Assigned to duty by detachments as provost guard and guarding forts, arsenals, store houses, and magazines at Camp Chase, Camp Dennison, Maysville, Covington and Newport, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio, until October 1863. Ordered to Chattanooga, Tenn., October 23, 1863; then to Murfreesboro, Tenn. Duty at Murfreesboro, Tenn., and along line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, in block houses and at bridges until June 1865. Regiment was specially selected for this arduous duty because of the great number of skilled mechanics and artisans in its ranks.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Skirmishes at Cripple Creek, Woodbury Pike, May 25, 1864 (detachment). Smyrna August 31, 1864. Block House No. 4 August 31, 1864. Company B captured by Wheeler. Block House No. 5 (Company B). Block House No. 2, on Mill Creek, Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, December 2–3. Block House No. 1 December 3 (detachment). Block House No. 3 December 3 (detachment). Block House No. 4 December 4 (detachment). Block House No. 7 December 4 (detachment). Siege of Murfreesboro December 5–12. "The Cedars" December 5–7. Lavergne December 8. Duty along Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad from Nashville to Tullahoma, Tenn., until June 1865.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 151 men during service; 1 officer and 8 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 4 officers and 138 enlisted men died of disease.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Violation of the Law of War
A patrol from the 115th Ohio Infantry (Co. K under Sgt Taylor Temple) was accused with the torture, including putting the eyes out of a Confederate dispatch rider PVT Dewitt Smith Jobe 29 Aug 1864. The Federal officers failed to prosecute the Soldiers for the violation of the law of war.


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Violation of the Law of War
Tennessee Historical Marker between Nolensville and Triune commemorates Jobe's death:


115th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Violation of the Law of War
“DeWitt Smith Jobe, a member of Coleman's Scouts, CSA, was captured in a cornfield about 1 1/2 miles west, Aug. 29, 1864, by a patrol from the 115th Ohio Cavalry. Swallowing his dispatches, he was mutilated and tortured to make him reveal the contents. Refusing, he was dragged to death behind a galloping horse. He is buried in the family cemetery six miles northeast."


115th Operations Group
The 115th Operations Group is a unit of the Wisconsin Air National Guard, stationed at Truax Field Air National Guard Base, Madison, Wisconsin. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command. The group was first organized in 1956 as the 115th Fighter Group and served in the air defense role until 1974, when it converted to a forward air control mission. It was inactive from 1979 to 1994, when it assumed its present mission.


115th Operations Group
As an Air National Guard unit, it is normally under the command of the Governor, but has a federal role as well. Currently the wing has personnel and/or aircraft assigned to Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Jump Start and regularly serves with the Air Expeditionary Force in Iraq and Afghanistan.


115th Operations Group, History
On 15 April 1956, the Wisconsin Air National Guard 176th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and supporting elements were reorganized as a group, and the 115th Fighter Group was established. The 176th became the group's flying squadron. The group was also assigned several support units, manned by personnel formerly assigned to the 128th Fighter-Interceptor Wing.


115th Operations Group, History, Air defense
The group trained for its air defense mission with annual training performed at Volk Field from 1956 to 1962. Beginning in 1963, it moved to "year-around" training. In January 1960, Northrop F-89 Scorpion crews assumed an around-the-clock runway alert commitment of two armed aircraft. With this undertaking came the F-89J with an armament platform that included the AIR-2 Genie. The AIR-2A was the first US air-to-air missile with a nuclear warhead. The 176th FIS exchanged their F-89s for the Convair F-102 Delta Dagger in early 1966.


115th Operations Group, History, Air defense
In May 1966, the group replaced its F-89s with the Convair F-102 Delta Dagger. After a period of retraining in the new supersonic interceptors, the unit resumed its air defense "runway alert" mission in the spring of 1967. One year later in June 1969, the unit airlifted to Gulfport, Mississippi for summer training, ending six years of "year around" alerts at their home base.


115th Operations Group, History, Air defense
In September 1972, the group's 176th Squadron won the William Tell Competition in the F-102 category. The event, held at Tyndall Air Force Base, included top Air National Guard, Canadian Air Force and active Air Force units worldwide. The competition included 12 teams of 48 aircraft, each team scored on aerial marksmanship, weapons control, weapons loading and maintenance.


115th Operations Group, History, Forward air control
In 1974, the group, named the 115th Fighter-Interceptor Group since 1972, replaced its F-102s with the Cessna O-2A Skymaster forward air control aircraft and became the 115th Tactical Air Support Group. The O-2 was the military version of the Cessna 337 Skymaster, a high wing, twin-boom aircraft with a unique centerline pusher/tractor twin engine configuration. The O-2A was used in forward air control missions, often in conjunction with a ground forward air controller accompanied by a radio operator, maintenance, and driver (ROMAD) team. Its gaining command changed from Air Defense Command to Tactical Air Command. In January 1979 the group was inactivated and its components assigned directly to its parent 128th Tactical Air Support Wing.


115th Operations Group, History, Current mission
With the end of the Cold War, the early 1990s marked several changes. In 1995, the 128th Fighter Wing became the 115th Fighter Wing as the Air National Guard implemented the Air Force Objective Wing organization. The reorganization including reactivating the 115th as the 115th Operations Group.


115th Operations Group, History, Current mission
The 115th Wing now flew the F-16C/D block 30 Fighting Falcon airframes with an enlarged air inlet. The first F-16s had arrived at Truax on 1 April 1993. The current role of the group is air interdiction and close air support. The group is capable of air-to-air, close air support and precision guided bombing missions. It operates munitions such as the JDAM series bombs and the AIM-9X air-to-air missile.


115th Operations Group, History, Current mission
Operations participated in by the 115th Group include: Operation Coronet Chariot, Karup AS, Denmark 1994, Operation Northern Watch, Incirlik Air Base, Turkey 1997, Operation Southern Watch, Al Jaber Air Base, Kuwait 1997-98, Operation Southern Watch, Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia 1999, Operation Coronet Nighthawk, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom, Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar 2004–05, Balad Air Base, Iraq, 2006, 08, & 09, Africa, 2013 and Operation Noble Eagle, from 11 September 2001 to the present.


115th Operations Group, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 115th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 115th Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at Harrisburg and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania beginning November 6, 1861 and mustered in January 28, 1862 for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel Robert Emmet Patterson.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March 1864. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, II Corps, to May 1864. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to June 1864.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 115th Pennsylvania Infantry ceased to exist on June 22, 1864 when it was consolidated with the 110th Pennsylvania Infantry.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved from Camden to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 31, 1862, then to Camp Hamilton, Virginia, June 25–28, and to Harrison's Landing, Virginia, July 4. Duty at Harrison's Landing, Virginia, until August 16, 1862. Moved to Centreville August 16–26. Action at Bristoe Station or Kettle Run August 27. Battle of Groveton August 29. Second Battle of Bull Run August 30. Duty in the defenses of Washington until November. At Fairfax Station November 2–25. Operations on Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12. Duty near Falmouth, Virginia, November 28 – December 11. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12–15.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20–24, 1863. Operations at Rappahannock Bridge and Grove Church February 5–7. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 – May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11 – July 24. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3. Pursuit of Lee, July 5–24. Wapping Heights, Virginia, July 23. Duty near Warrenton, Virginia, until October. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. McLean's Ford, Bull Run, October 15. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Mine Run Campaign November 26 – December 2. Payne's Farm November 27. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty near Brandy Station until May. Rapidan Campaign, May 4 – June 12. Battle of the Wilderness, May 5–7. Spotsylvania, May 8–12. Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient, May 12. North Anna River, May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey, May 26–28. Totopotomoy, May 28–31. Cold Harbor, June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 16–18.


115th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 80 men during service; six officers and 32 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, two officers and 40 enlisted men died of disease.


115th Regiment of Foot (Prince William's)
The 115th Regiment of Foot (Prince William's) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1794 to 1795. It was raised in May 1794, named for its colonel Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, but was disbanded the following year.


115th Regiment of Foot (Royal Scotch Lowlanders)
The 115th Regiment of Foot (Royal Scotch Lowlanders) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1761 to 1763.


115th Regiment of Foot (Royal Scotch Lowlanders)
The regiment was raised in October 1761 at Paisley, from a cadre of men detached from the 71st Regiment of Foot for recruiting. It was named the Royal Scotch Lowlanders in November, and despatched to Portugal, where it saw service in the campaign against the Spanish invasion of Portugal. It returned to Paisley in early 1763 to be disbanded.


115th Squadron (Iraq)
The 115th Squadron, Iraqi Air Force is a squadron. It is based at Balad Air Base. Established in 2015, the 115th Squadron operates Czech-built Aero L-159 light combat aircraft with the first two delivered on 5 November 2015. Since 1 August 2016, the squadron is supported by the "Air Advisory Team Iraq" of the Czech Air Force. Its main task is to advise during operational training of Iraqi Air Force's air and ground personnel over flying and maintenance of L-159 aircraft supplied by the Czech Republic.


115th Street Library
The Harry Belafonte 115th Street Branch of the New York Public Library is a historic library building located in Harlem, New York City. It was designed by McKim, Mead & White and built in 1907–1908 and opened on November 6, 1908. It is a three-story-high, three-bay-wide building faced in deeply rusticated gray limestone in a Neo Italian Renaissance style. The branch was one of 65 built by the New York Public Library with funds provided by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, 11 of them designed by McKim, Mead & White. The building is 50 feet wide and features three evenly spaced arched openings on the first floor.


115th Street Library
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. In 2017, the branch was renamed to honor Harry Belafonte.


115th Street–Morgan Park station
115th Street–Morgan Park station is one of two Metra railroad stations in the Morgan Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, along the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island District Line. It is 14.3 miles (23.0 km) from LaSalle Street, the northern terminus of the line. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 115th Street is in zone C. As of 2018, 115th Street-Morgan Park was the 176th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 136 weekday boardings.


115th Street–Morgan Park station
Parking is available along the west side of the tracks on South Hale Avenue between Edmaire Street and north of 116th Street. It is also available on small on-street lots along the north side of 115th Street between the tracks and Church Street. No bus connections are available.


115th Street–Morgan Park station
The train station building was damaged by a fire in May 2017 and subsequently demolished. Officials ruled that arson was the cause of the fire.


115th United States Congress
The 115th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census.


115th United States Congress
The Republican Party retained their majorities in both the House and the Senate, and with Donald Trump being sworn in as President on January 20, 2017, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 109th Congress in 2005


115th United States Congress
Several political scientists described the legislative accomplishments of this Congress as modest, considering that both Congress and the presidency were under unified Republican Party control. According to a contemporary study, "House and Senate GOP majorities struggled to legislate: GOP fissures and the president frequently undermined the Republican agenda. Most notably, clashes within and between the two parties (for example, on healthcare issues) strained old ways of doing business."


115th United States Congress
As of 2021, this is the most recent session of Congress in which:


115th United States Congress, Leadership
Section contents: Senate: Majority (R), Minority (D) • House: Majority (R),  Minority (D)


115th United States Congress, Demographics
The average age of members of the House of Representatives during the 115th Congress was 57.8 years, while the average age of U.S. senators was 61.8 years.


115th United States Congress, Demographics
The most common occupation of senators prior to being elected to their posts was law, followed by public service/politics and business. In the House of Representatives, business was the dominant prior occupation, followed by public service/politics and law. In the 115th Congress, 94.1% of House members and 100% of senators had attained a bachelor's degree or a higher degree; this was a historically high level of education for a United States Congress. In addition, 167 members of the House and 55 members of the Senate had law degrees. Only 18 members of Congress had no college education.


115th United States Congress, Demographics
Ethnic minorities in the 115th Congress consisted of 52 African American members, 45 Hispanic or Latino members, 18 Asian-American or Pacific Islander members, and two members of Native American ancestry. Women comprised 20.1% of the membership in the 115th Congress, which had 109 women and 326 men. This represented an increase of 21 women from the 114th Congress.


115th United States Congress, Demographics
Seven openly LGBT members served in the 115th Congress. Tammy Baldwin, Jared Polis, Sean Patrick Maloney, Mark Takano, David Cicilline, and Mark Pocan are openly gay, while Kyrsten Sinema is openly bisexual.


115th United States Congress, Demographics
The majority of the 115th Congress was religiously affiliated, with 90.7% identifying as Christians. Approximately half of the Christians were Protestant. Other religious faiths of congressmembers in the 115th Congress included Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.


115th United States Congress, Members, Senate
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All of the class 3 seats were contested in the November 2016 elections. Class 1 terms end with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2018; Class 2 began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and Class 3 began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 2022.


115th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives
All 435 seats were filled by the regular elections on November 8, 2016, or subsequent special elections thereafter.


115th meridian east
The meridian 115° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


115th meridian east
The 115th meridian east forms a great circle with the 65th meridian west.


115th meridian east
Between Australia and the 60th parallel south it forms the western boundary of the South Pacific Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone.


115th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 115th meridian east passes through:


115th meridian west
The meridian 115° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


115th meridian west
The 115th meridian west forms a great circle with the 65th meridian east.


115th meridian west
Between the equator and the 60th parallel south it forms the eastern boundary of the South Pacific Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone and the western boundary of the Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone.


115th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 115th meridian west passes through:


116 (hip hop group)
The 116, formerly 116 Clique (pronounced one-one-six click), is an American Southern Christian hip hop collective originally from Dallas, Texas signed to the Atlanta-based Reach Records. The group performs a wide variety of contemporary hip hop styles, from chopped and screwed to trap to Latin hip hop. The 116 Clique is named after the Bible verse : "For I am not ashamed of the gospel: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believes; to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile." For them it means acknowledging the power of the Gospel and the divine calling to proclaim it in every area of their life. "We can lay our lives down to serve and glorify God in everything we do."


116 (hip hop group), History
The group debuted with The Compilation Album in 2005. DJ Primo remixed the original recordings the following year with The Compilation Album: Chopped and Screwed. The remix album included four bonus tracks. In 2007 they released 13 Letters, the album name representing the 13 letters Paul wrote to first-century Christians. In 2011 they released the Man Up compilation album. Man Up was intended for release on July 23, 2011. However, the official release date was pushed back to September 27, 2011. A corresponding film, directed by former member Sho Baraka, was made to show the importance of a godly man.


116 (hip hop group), History
The Man Up Movie & Concert Series tour took place in selected cities where fans could see a screening of Man Up followed by a concert with songs from the soundtrack. They released a single, "Come Alive", based on their 2012 Unashamed Tour. in 2013, the clique released "Now They Know", based on the Unashamed Tour V. On November 23, 2018, a digital Christmas album was released, entitled The Gift: A Christmas Compilation, and made available through most major streaming services.


116 (hip hop group), History
A playlist of some 14 songs, entitled "Summer 19" was released on July 19, 2019 by Reach under the auspices of the group. On October 23, 2020, 116 released Sin Vergüenza, a collaboration between Reach and No Apologies Music which features a combination of American hip hop and Latin urbano artists. All two dozen tracks were released as singles.


116 (hip hop group), Tours
In 2008, Trip Lee, Sho Baraka and Tedashii went on the Unashamed Tour. In 2010, Lecrae, Tedashii, Trip Lee, Sho Baraka, PRo and DJ Official went on the Unashamed Tour 2010. Lecrae was on the 2011 Mission Cruise (Cruise with a Cause) on May 30 – June 4, 2011.


116 (number)
116 (one hundred [and] sixteen) is the natural number following 115 and preceding 117.


116 (number), In mathematics
116 is a noncototient, meaning that there is no solution to the equation m − φ(m) = n, where φ stands for Euler's totient function.


116 (number), In mathematics
There are 116 ternary Lyndon words of length six, and 116 irreducible polynomials of degree six over a three-element field, which form the basis of a free Lie algebra of dimension 116.


116 (number), In mathematics
There are 116 different ways of partitioning the numbers from 1 through 5 into subsets in such a way that, for every k, the union of the first k subsets is a consecutive sequence of integers.


116 000
116 000 is the European missing children hotline number. It was the first harmonised service of social value to be adopted by the European Union. The 116 000 hotline provides free, immediate life saving support when children go missing.


116 000
Calls are answered locally by trained and professional staff from organisations specialising in dealing with cases of missing children by providing free emotional, psychological, social, administrative and legal advice, as required.


116 000, Coverage
It is active in all 27 countries of the European Union (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden) as well as in Albania, Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.


116 000, Coverage
Missing Children Switzerland is now the embodiment of "116 000" in Switzerland. Accessible day and night, 7 days a week, in 4 languages (FR, DE, IT, EN). Calls free of charge and confidential.


116 000, Coverage
Fundación ANAR in Spain and Missing People in the UK in 2010.


116 000, Purpose
A European wide number was reserved by the European Commission for a variety of reasons. First the phenomenon of missing children is becoming increasingly a cross-border problem as the Schengen area is expanding. Secondly swift action in cases of disappearance is of vital importance, as a report from the United States' Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention suggests that 76.2% of children who are murdered after having been abducted are dead within the first three hours of disappearance. Furthermore parents need the support of an organisation specialised in dealing with these cases. And finally there is a need to communicate about a missing child beyond national borders.


116 000, History
The development of an emergency number for missing children that can be dialled anywhere in Europe has been on top of the agenda of Missing Children Europe, the NGO behind the number, since 2005.


116 000, History
On 15 February 2007, the European Commission recognised the need for such a Europe-wide effort and published a document requesting the member states to reserve 116 000 as the number for missing children.


116 000, History
On 25 May 2009, the number was launched in nine member states of Missing Children Europe. It is expected that other Member States will also implement the number, as implementation takes place at a national level.


116 BC
Year 116 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Geta and Eburnus (or, less frequently, year 638 Ab urbe condita) and the First Year of Yuanding. The denomination 116 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


116 Battalion
116 Battalion was a motorised infantry unit of the South African Army.


116 Battalion, History, Origin of the black battalions
By the late 1970s the South African government had abandoned its opposition to arming black soldiers.


116 Battalion, History, Origin of the black battalions
By early 1979, the government approved a plan to form a number of regional African battalions, each with a particular ethnic identity, which would serve under regional SADF commands.


116 Battalion, History, Origin of the black battalions
116 Battalion was raised in 1986 as an original platoon of only 14 men but expanded quickly. The first personnel consisted of former Rhodesian soldiers who had moved to South Africa and were mustered by the Intelligence Corps. The Battalion was then based in Messina.


116 Battalion, History, Origin of the black battalions
64 Tsonga soldiers from 113 Battalion was also integrated in the newly formed Battalion. Recruitment was also done from the Lebowa Homeland to finally bring the Battalion up to strength.


116 Battalion, History, Higher Command
116  Battalion initially resorted under Far North Command and finally with the Soutpansberg Military Area.


116 Battalion, History, Higher Command, Special Service Companies for Quick Reaction
116 Battalion, similar to the SWATF approach, also activated an immediate reaction force (Special Service Company) to deal with any attack and was primarily infantry company strength and fully motorised.


116 Battalion, History, Higher Command, Special Service Companies for Quick Reaction
907 Special Service Company was formed from 116 Battalion's Bravo Company at Spence Shaft in 1986. 907 SSC was based at Madimbo and deployed on Buffels but converted to Cassspirs later.


116 Battalion, History, Disbandment
116 Battalion was disbanded around 1999 as its main function of border control had been issued to the South African Police Service at that stage.


116 Battalion, Notes
Peled, A. A question of Loyalty Military Manpower Policy in Multiethinic States, Cornell University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8014-3239-1 Chapter 2: South Africa: From Exclusion to Inclusion


116 Hospital Street, Nantwich
116 Hospital Street (also 116 and 118 Hospital Street) is a substantial townhouse in Nantwich, Cheshire, England, located on the south side of Hospital Street (at ). It is listed at grade II. The present building, of Georgian appearance, incorporates an earlier timber-framed house, which probably dates in part from the 15th century. Local historian Jane Stevenson calls it "the most interesting house in Hospital Street", and considers it might be "the oldest surviving residence in Nantwich."


116 Hospital Street, Nantwich
Number 116 is one of a group of houses dating originally from the 15th and 16th centuries at the end of Hospital Street, which include Churche's Mansion, numbers 140–142 and The Rookery (number 125). These buildings survived the fire of 1583, which destroyed the town end of Hospital Street together with much of the centre of Nantwich. Number 116 is believed to stand near the site of the medieval Hospital of St Nicholas, which gives Hospital Street its name.


116 Hospital Street, Nantwich, Description
Number 116 is a large two-storey building with painted cement rendering under a tiled roof. The Hospital Street façade has two shallow projecting end wings with hip ends projecting from the main roof. The central entrance is flanked by wooden columns and has a semicircular fanlight with a pediment above. There are four casement windows to both ground and first floors, which date from the late 19th century. When the building was listed in 1974, there was an additional doorway in the left-hand (east) wing, which was blocked in the early 21st century. The façade is of Georgian appearance; English Heritage dates it as early 18th century although "much altered", while local historian Jeremy Lake considers it to be late Georgian.


116 Hospital Street, Nantwich, Description
The existing building incorporates a much earlier timber-framed structure on a medieval plan, with a central hall and flanking wings. The parlour wing has been dated by Lake as probably late 15th century. This date would place it among the earliest remaining buildings in Nantwich, apart from the 14th-century parish church, and Stevenson considers it might be the oldest residential building in the town. The hall and service block, which date from the mid-to-late 17th century, probably replace earlier structures.


116 Hospital Street, Nantwich, Description
The interior of the parlour wing contains old chimneys and sandstone fireplaces of 15th-century design. The fireplace in the south chamber of the parlour wing is particularly fine, according to Lake. There is an intact roof truss, and the main roof timbers meet vertically underneath the roof purlin, which Lake considers characteristic of Cheshire timber framing of the 15th century. Traces of internal decoration survive, with red ochre on the roof timbers contrasting with white limewash on the wattle and daub panels of the roof truss.


116 John Street
116 John Street is a historic office tower at the southwest corner of John Street and Pearl Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It was built in 1931, and is a 35-story brick and terra cotta building consisting of a three-story base, a 19-story shaft, and 12 upper stories that recede in a series of setbacks. The building features Art Deco style design elements at the recessed entrances and in the lobby. Built as a speculative office building for insurance companies, the building interior was rehabilitated in 2013 and some floors converted to apartments.


116 John Street
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.


116 Sirona
Sirona (minor planet designation: 116 Sirona) is a somewhat large and bright-colored main-belt asteroid that was discovered by the German-American astronomer C. H. F. Peters on September 8, 1871, and named after Sirona, the Celtic goddess of healing.


116 Sirona
This body is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.60 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.14. The orbital plane is inclined by 3.56° to the plane of the ecliptic. The cross-section diameter of this object is ~72 km. Photometric observations of this asteroid gave a light curve with a period of 12.028 hours and a brightness variation of 0.42 in magnitude. It has the spectrum of an S-type asteroid, suggesting a siliceous composition.


116 Squadron (Israel)
116 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force, also known as The Lions of the South Squadron (former Flying Wing, and Defenders of the South Squadron), is an F-16A/B and F-35 fighter squadron based at Nevatim Airbase.


116 Sullivan Street
116 Sullivan Street is on Sullivan Street in SoHo, Manhattan, New York. The red four-story brick Federal townhouse was built in 1832 as an investment by Charles Starr (bookbinder) and includes some Greek Revival details. It was heightened two stories in 1872. The structure is noteworthy for its elaborated round-arched brownstone doorcase, or "enframement of the front door," which has an exceptional treatment of painted timber Ionic half-column sidelights, unique and highly significant in New York City architecture. Due to the sidelights, "instead of leaded glass, typical of the time, each sidelight is divided into three superimposed oval sections. The ovals are formed by a richly carved wood enframement that simulates a cloth sash curtain drawn through a series of rings."


116 Sullivan Street
The house stands on land previously belonging to the farm of Nicholas Bayard, Peter Stuyvesant's brother-in-law, and is one of seven houses that was built as an investment by Charles Starr, a bookbinder, whose business was on Nassau Street. Starr's own house at 110 Sullivan Street was 32 feet wide, unusually large for the time. It has been restored.


116 discography
The discography of 116, formerly known as 116 Clique, a Christian hip hop collective originating from Dallas, Texas, consists of six studio albums, one of which was a remix album, one remixed extended play (EP), twenty singles, seven music videos, and one video album. The collective formed in 2005 under the auspices of Reach Records, and released its first album, The Compilation Album, that year on December 27. The following year, a remixed version of the album by DJ Primo was released on July 6.


116 discography
A third album, 13 Letters, followed on June 19, 2007, which charted at No. 10 on the Billboard Top Gospel Albums chart and No. 29 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart, as well as the remix EP Amped on August 28. Man Up was released on September 27, 2011. A Christmas album, The Gift: A Christmas Compilation, was released on November 23, 2018, and charted at No. 27 on the Christian Albums chart. The Gift: Live Sessions, a live video album recorded at the 1971 studios in Atlanta, was released on November 28, 2019. The sixth album from the collective, Sin Vergüenza, a collaboration between Reach and No Apologies Music and a combination of continental United States hip hop and Latin American urbano, was released on October 23, 2020. All twelve tracks from the recording were released as singles.


1160
Year 1160 (MCLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1160 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1160 kHz: in the United States and Mexico. Radio station KSL in Salt Lake City is the dominant Class A station on 1160 AM, a United States clear-channel frequency, according to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC).


1160 Illyria
1160 Illyria, provisional designation 1929 RL, is a stony Maria asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the ancient region of Illyria, located on the Balkan Peninsula.


1160 Illyria, Orbit and classification
Based on the Hierarchical Clustering Method, which uses a body's proper orbital elements, Illyria is a member of the Maria family (506), a large intermediate belt family of stony asteroids. It has also been grouped into the Eunomia family (502), an even larger family with more than 5,000 known members.


1160 Illyria, Orbit and classification
Illyria orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,497 days; semi-major axis of 2.56 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a recovery observation at Lowell Observatory in October 1929, three weeks after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1160 Illyria, Physical characteristics
Illyria is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type of both the Maria and Eunomia family.


1160 Illyria, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Illyria have been obtained from photometric observations since 2007. Lightcurve analysis gave a consolidated rotation period of 4.1025 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.56 and 0.91 magnitude (U=3).


1160 Illyria, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
In 2013, an international study also modeled the asteroid's lightcurve from photometric data. It gave a concurring period of 4.10295 hours and determined a partial spin axis of (n.a., 47.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1160 Illyria, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Illyria measures between 12.73 and 14.767 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2242 and 0.349.


1160 Illyria, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21, derived from the parent body of the Eunomia family, and calculates a diameter of 13.88 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.


1160 Illyria, Naming
This minor planet was named after Illyria, an ancient region on the Balkans which borders the Adriatic Sea. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


1160s
The 1160s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1160, and ended on December 31, 1169.


1160s BC
The 1160s BC is a decade which lasted from 1169 BC to 1160 BC.


1160s in art
The decade of the 1160s in art involved some significant events.


1160s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1160s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted:


1160s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1160th Transportation Company
1160th Transportation Company (PLS) was constituted 1 September 2009 in the Georgia Army National Guard to be known as the 1160th Transportation Company (PLS). The 1160th TC (PLS) is a member of the 348th Brigade Support Battalion; 648th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, The unit was organized on 3 June 2010 from new and existing elements, and is located in Rome, Georgia.


1160th Transportation Company, Mission
To provide trained, ready and stabilized forces in order to conduct ground transportation for the movement of cargo, breakbulk cargo, ammunition, and bottled water on PLS flat-racks, assist with the Transportation needs of units within the Georgia National Guard under the guidance and direction of the units Higher Headquarters.


1160th Transportation Company, Mission
Be ready to serve the needs of the Citizens by order of the Governor of the State of Georgia by reacting to Emergency and Humanitarian needs on the home front, and be ready, trained and prepared to participate in Over Seas Contingency Operations as directed by the President of the United States.


1160th Transportation Company, History
The unit was newly formed and does not have any historical lineage that dates prior to June 2010, with the original unit becoming Company B, 1st Battalion, 169th General Support Aviation Battalion.


1161
Year 1161 (MCLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1161 Thessalia
1161 Thessalia, provisional designation 1929 SF, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. It was named for the Greek region Thessaly.


1161 Thessalia, Orbit and classification
Thessalia is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,065 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, five weeks after its official discovery observation.


1161 Thessalia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Thessalia measures 21.498 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.065.


1161 Thessalia, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Thessalia has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's rotation period, poles and shape remain unknown.


1161 Thessalia, Naming
This minor planet was named for the Thessaly region in eastern Greece. The subsequently numbered minor planet 1162 Larissa was named after the region's capital. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


1162
Year 1162 (MCLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1162 Larissa
1162 Larissa, provisional designation 1930 AC, is a metallic Hildian asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 43 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 January 1930, by astronomer German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the Greek city of Larissa.


1162 Larissa, Orbit and classification
Larissa belongs to the Hilda group located outermost part of the main-belt. Asteroids in this dynamical group have semi-major axis between 3.7 and 4.2 AU and stay in a 3:2 resonance with the gas giant Jupiter. Larissa, however, is a background asteroid and not a member of the (collisional) Hilda family (101).


1162 Larissa, Orbit and classification
The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.5–4.4 AU once every 7 years and 10 months (2,856 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins 15 days after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1162 Larissa, Physical characteristics
Larissa has been characterized as a metallic M-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). In the Tholen classification, the asteroid a primitive P-type asteroid, which typically have lower albedos than those measured by WISE and Akari (see below).


1162 Larissa, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In April 2017, a rotational lightcurve of Larissa was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomers Brian Warner and Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81/U82) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 6.514 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12 magnitude (U=3).


1162 Larissa, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In May 2010, a lightcurve form the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory (E09) in Australia, gave a concurring period of 6.516 hours with an amplitude of 0.20 magnitude (U=3). Another period of 6.520 hours (Δ0.12 mag) was measured at the Palomar Transient Factory in October 2012 (U=2). The first photometric observation of Larissa, which gave a period of 13.0 hours, is now considered incorrect (U=1).


1162 Larissa, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Larissa measures between 41.3 and 48.59 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.127 and 0.18. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1153 and a diameter of 44.32 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.73.


1162 Larissa, Naming
This minor planet was named for the city of Larissa, capital of the Thessaly region in Greece, after which the asteroid 1161 Thessalia was named. The name was also given to Larissa (Neptune VII), one of the moons of Neptune. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


1163
Year 1163 (MCLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1163 Saga
1163 Saga, provisional designation 1930 BA, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 January 1930, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the Sagas, a collection of stories from Norse mythology.


1163 Saga, Orbit and classification
Saga is a background that does not belong to any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.1–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,112 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, six weeks after its official discovery observation.


1163 Saga, Physical characteristics
Saga is an assumed S-type asteroid, with a large range of measured albedos indicating otherwise (see below).


1163 Saga, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Since 2006, three rotational lightcurves of Saga were obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomers Laurent Bernasconi and René Roy, as well as by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period between 9.278 and 9.394 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.25 to 0.33 magnitude (U=2+/3-/2).


1163 Saga, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Saga measures between 26.29 and 38.113 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0640 and 0.147.


1163 Saga, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1199 and adopts a diameter of 29.11 kilometers from IRAS with an absolute magnitude of 10.6.


1163 Saga, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Sagas, a collection of prose Norse mythological stories of ancient Scandinavian and Germanic history. It includes the early Viking voyages and is mostly written in Old Icelandic (Old Norse). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


1164
Year 1164 (MCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1164 Kobolda
1164 Kobolda, provisional designation 1930 FB, is a stony Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was later named after German astronomer Hermann Kobold.


1164 Kobolda, Discovery
Kobolda was discovered on 19 March 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. On the following night, it was independently discovered by Walter Baade at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg. The Minor Planet Center, however, only acknowledges the first discoverer.


1164 Kobolda, Orbit and classification
Kobolda is a member of the Phocaea family (701), which is a stony family of nearly 2,000 known members, named after the family's parent body 25 Phocaea.


1164 Kobolda, Orbit and classification
This asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,279 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1930.


1164 Kobolda, Physical characteristics
Kobolda is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, which concurs with the overall spectral type of the Phocaea family.


1164 Kobolda, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Kobolda have been obtained from photometric observations since 2007. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period between 4.141 and 4.154 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21 to 0.30 magnitude (U=3/3/3/2).


1164 Kobolda, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kobolda measures between 5.79 and 8.751 kilometers in diameter  and its surface has an albedo between 0.1754 and 0.405.


1164 Kobolda, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.23 (derived from 25 Phocaea) and calculates a diameter of 7.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.8.


1164 Kobolda, Naming
This minor planet was named after Hermann Kobold (1858–1942), a German astronomer at the University of Kiel and long-time editor of the astronomy journal Astronomical Notes (German: Astronomische Nachrichten, after which (1155) was named). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


1164 Kobolda, Trivia, Pluto's number
Were Pluto categorized as a minor planet when discovered in early 1930, shortly before 1164 Kobolda, the number (1164) could have been assigned to Pluto. However, these assumptions are only speculative as there is generally only a slight correlation between the discovery date of a minor planet and its final number. Another proposed number for Pluto was (10000), with the idea that (10001) and (10002) would be given to the first and second discovered Kuiper belt object. However the proposal met "stiff resistance" and the number was assigned to 10000 Myriostos instead. Eventually, Pluto was given the number (134340).


1165
Year 1165 (MCLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1165 Imprinetta
1165 Imprinetta, provisional designation 1930 HM, is a carbonaceous Meliboean asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 49 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 April 1930, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. The asteroid was named after Imprinetta Gent, wife of the discoverer.


1165 Imprinetta, Orbit and classification
Imprinetta is a member of the Meliboea family, a smaller asteroid family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids with a few hundred members, named after 137 Meliboea.


1165 Imprinetta, Orbit and classification
This asteroid orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,017 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.


1165 Imprinetta, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as A909 TA at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1909, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Johannesburg.


1165 Imprinetta, Physical characteristics
Imprinetta has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by PanSTARRS photometric survey, which corresponds with the overall spectral type of the Meliboea family.


1165 Imprinetta, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In October 2003, a rotational lightcurve of Imprinetta was obtained from photometric observations by American John Menke at his observatory in Barnesville, Maryland. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 8.107 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude (U=3). An alternative observation gave a lightcurve with period of 7.9374 hours and an amplitude of 0.20 magnitude (U=2).


1165 Imprinetta, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Imprinetta measures between 47.14 and 59.378 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.029 and 0.0562.


1165 Imprinetta, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0392 and a diameter of 48.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7.


1165 Imprinetta, Naming
This minor planet was named after Imprinetta Gent, wife of the discoverer. The naming was proposed by the discoverer and by Gerrit Pels, who computed its orbit. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


1166
1166 (MCLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1166 Avenue of the Americas
1166 Avenue of the Americas (also known as the International Paper Building) is a 600-foot-tall (180 m) tall office building at 1166 Sixth Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It was completed in 1974 and has 44 floors totaling approximately 1.7 million square feet. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the building. It is the headquarters of the Marsh & McLennan Companies, Penton, D. E. Shaw & Co., William Blair & Company, 5W Public Relations, and Huron Consulting Group are also tenants.


1166 Avenue of the Americas
The building was built in partnership with the Tishman Organization (predecessor to Tishman Speyer), Stanley Stahl and Arlen Realty.


1166 Sakuntala
1166 Sakuntala, provisional designation 1930 MA, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Praskovjya Parchomenko at Simeiz Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was named after the figure of Shakuntala from an ancient Indian drama.


1166 Sakuntala, Discovery
Sakuntala was discovered by Soviet astronomer Praskovjya Parchomenko at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 27 June 1930. Two night later, it was independently discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle Observatory in May 1938, or 8 years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1166 Sakuntala, Orbit and classification
The asteroid is a background asteroid, that is not a member of any known asteroid family. Sakuntala orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.1 AU once every 4.04 years (1,474 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic.


1166 Sakuntala, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Sakuntala were obtained from photometric observations. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a rotation period of 6.29 hours with a brightness variation of 0.38 magnitude (U=3).


1166 Sakuntala, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Other measurements gave a similar period of 6.2915 and 6.30 hours, respectively (U=3-/2), while lightcurves with a period of larger than 20 hours are considered to be wrong (U=1/1/1).


1166 Sakuntala, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Sakuntala measures between 22.70 and 29.249 kilometers in diameter  and its surface has an albedo between 0.185 and 0.6460.


1166 Sakuntala, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2914 and  a diameter of 25.78 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.9.


1166 Sakuntala, Naming
This minor planet was named after the protagonist Shakuntala in the Sanskrit drama The Recognition of Shakuntala by Indian poet Kālidāsa. The drama is part of the Mahabharata, one of the major Sanskrit epics of ancient India.


1166 Sakuntala, Naming
The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).


11665 Dirichlet
11665 Dirichlet, provisional designation 1997 GL28, is a Griqua asteroid and a 2:1 Jupiter librator from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.8 kilometers (4 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 14 April 1997, by astronomer Paul Comba at the Prescott Observatory in Arizona, United States. The asteroid was named after German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.


11665 Dirichlet, Orbit and classification
Dirichlet is a Griqua asteroid, a small dynamical group of asteroids located in the otherwise sparsely populated Hecuba gap (2:1 resonance with Jupiter), which is one of the largest Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.8–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 11 months (2,169 days; semi-major axis of 3.28 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 16° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins prior to its official discovery observation with a precovery taken by Spacewatch in October 1994.


11665 Dirichlet, Naming
This minor planet was named after German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859), who was the successor of Carl Friedrich Gauss and the predecessor of Bernhard Riemann at the University of Göttingen. His contributions include the first rigorous proof that the Fourier series converges. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 23 November 1999 (M.P.C. 36951).


11665 Dirichlet, Physical characteristics
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Dirichlet measures 6.8 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.09. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Dirichlet has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.


1167
Year 1167 (MCLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1167 Dubiago
1167 Dubiago, provisional designation 1930 PB, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 63 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1930, by Soviet astronomer Evgenii Skvortsov at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula, and named after astronomer Alexander Dubyago.


1167 Dubiago, Classification and orbit
Dubiago orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.2–3.7 AU once every 6 years and 4 months (2,305 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1924, it was first identified as A924 RF at the discovering observatory. The body's observation arc begins at Yerkes Observatory about two months after its official discovery at Simeiz.


1167 Dubiago, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Dubiago is a D-type asteroid, a group of 46 known bodies, mostly being Jupiter trojans and centaurs such as 10199 Chariklo and 624 Hektor. It is thought that the Martian moon Phobos has a similar composition, and that the Tagish Lake meteorite origins from a D-type asteroid.


1167 Dubiago, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
In March 1990, a rotational lightcurve of Dubiago was obtained using the Nordic Optical Telescope at the La Palma site on the Canary Islands. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.3 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=2). A second lightcurve was obtained in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in October 2013, giving an alternative period solution of 34.8374 hours with an amplitude of 0.21 magnitude (U=2).


1167 Dubiago, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the Japanese Akari satellite, Dubiago measures 63.12 and 75.79 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.051 and 0.036, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS with an absolute magnitude of 9.85.


1167 Dubiago, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of Alexander Dubyago (1903–1959), a renowned astronomer of the Soviet Union. The lunar crater Dubyago is also named in his and his father's honour. The approved naming was suggested by the Russian Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (ITA) and the official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1967 (M.P.C. 2740).


1168
Year 1168 (MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1168 Brandia
1168 Brandia, provisional designation 1930 QA, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was later named after mathematician Eugène Brand.


1168 Brandia, Discovery
Brandia was discovered on 25 August 1930, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. Six nights later, the asteroid was independently discovered by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on 31 August 1930. The Minor Planet Center, however, only recognizes the first discoverer. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle, two nights after its official discovery observation.


1168 Brandia, Orbit and classification
This asteroid is a member of the Eunomia family (502), a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.


1168 Brandia, Orbit and classification
Brandia  orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,488 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.


1168 Brandia, Physical characteristics
Brandia is an assumed S-type asteroid, which corresponds to the overall spectral type of the Eunomia family.


1168 Brandia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In September 1989, a rotational lightcurve of Brandia was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel at CTIO and McDonald Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of hours with a relatively high brightness variation of 0.62 magnitude (U=3).


1168 Brandia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
An identical period of 11.444 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 magnitude was measured with a Celestron 14-inch telescope by Frederick Pilcher and published in 1985 (U=2).


1168 Brandia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Brandia measures 10.110 and 10.61 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.150 and 0.1526, respectively.


1168 Brandia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1375 and a diameter of 10.58 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.65.


1168 Brandia, Naming
This minor planet was named after Belgian mathematician Eugène Brand, professor at the University of Brussels in  Belgium. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 109).


1169
Year 1169 (MCLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1169 Alwine
1169 Alwine, provisional designation 1930 QH, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1930, by German and Italian astronomers Max Wolf and Mario Ferrero at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. Any reference of its name to a person is unknown.


1169 Alwine, Orbit and classification
Alwine is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,290 days; semi-major axis of 2.32 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made, Alwine's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in August 1930.


1169 Alwine, Physical characteristics
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Alwine measures 7.89 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.179. Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, its diameter is between 7 and 17 kilometers for an absolute magnitude of 12.8 and an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25.


1169 Alwine, Physical characteristics, Lightcurve
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurves have been obtained. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.


1169 Alwine, Naming
This minor planet is named after a common German female name. Any reference of this name to a person or occurrence is unknown.


1169 Alwine, Naming, Unknown meaning
Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Alwine is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).


1169 Sicily earthquake
The 1169 Sicily earthquake occurred on 4 February 1169 at 08:00 local time on the eve of the feast of St. Agatha of Sicily (in southern Italy). It had an estimated magnitude of between 6.4 and 7.3 and an estimated maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Catania, Lentini and Modica were severely damaged. It triggered a tsunami. Overall, the earthquake is estimated to have caused the deaths of at least 15,000 people.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Tectonic setting
Sicily lies on part of the complex convergent boundary where the African Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate. This subduction zone is responsible for the formation of the stratovolcano Mount Etna. Most of the damaging earthquakes occur on the Siculo-Calabrian rift zone, a zone of extensional faulting which runs for about 370 kilometres (230 mi), forming three main segments through Calabria, along the east coast of Sicily and immediately offshore, and finally forming the southeastern margin of the Hyblean Plateau, a carbonate platform in southeastern Sicily. Faults in the Calabrian segment were responsible for the 1783 Calabrian earthquakes sequence.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Tectonic setting
In the southern part of the eastern coast of Sicily, investigations have identified a series of active normal dip-slip faults, dipping to the east. Most of these lie offshore, and some control basins that contain large thicknesses of Quaternary sediments. The two largest faults, known as the western and eastern master faults, border half-grabens, with fill of up to 700 metres (2,297 ft) and 800 metres (2,625 ft) respectively. Onshore, two ages of faulting have been recognised, an earlier phase trending NW-SE and a later phase trending SSW-NNE that clearly offsets the first group, including the Avola fault and the Rosolini-Ispica fault system.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Earthquake
The location of the earthquake's epicentre is quite uncertain, with different seismologists giving locations offshore and onshore; there is similar uncertainty regarding the 1693 Sicily earthquake. The damaged area is similar to that for the 1693 earthquake, suggesting that both the location and magnitude were similar. Intensities of X (Extreme) have been estimated for Catania, Lentini and Modica, IX (Violent) at Syracuse and Piazza Armerina and VIII (Severe) at Santi Pietro e Paolo and Messina. The earthquake was also felt in Calabria with a maximum intensity of VI (Strong) in Reggio Calabria.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Earthquake
The magnitude of the earthquake has been estimated from intensity information and these estimates vary from 6.4 on the Me (Energy magnitude scale) to 7.3 on the surface wave magnitude scale.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Tsunami
The tsunami affected most of the Ionian coast of Sicily and caused inundation from Messina in the north to the mouth of the Simeto River in the south.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Tsunami
Tsunami deposits correlated with this earthquake have been found both onshore and offshore. The tsunami is also thought to be responsible for moving several large boulders from the middle of the sublittoral zone onto the coast between Augusta and Syracuse.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Eruption of Etna
Some accounts of this earthquake refer to a major eruption from Etna at the time of the earthquake, blaming most of the deaths in Catania and the tsunami on the eruption. However, most later workers believe that the tsunami was triggered by the earthquake and that the only effect on Etna was the collapse of part of the cone above Taormina, with no significant eruption. As with the 1693 earthquake the 1169 event seems to have followed after a major period of eruptive activity. Calculations have shown that a major eruption may significantly increase the stress on the normal faults to the south-east of the volcano.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Damage
Catania was almost completely destroyed. Catania Cathedral collapsed, killing the Bishop John of Ajello, 44 of the Benedictine monks, and many others who were crowded into the building for the feast of St. Agatha. Lentini, Modica, Aci Castello, Sortino and Syracuse were also severely damaged.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Damage
In a contemporary account, Hugo Falcandus described the effects on the Arethusa spring in Syracuse, which increased its rate of flow greatly and became salty. Near Casale Saraceno the flow of another spring, known as Tais, stopped after the earthquake. Two hours later it returned with much greater force than before and had the colour of blood.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Damage
Estimates of the death toll in the earthquake vary, with 15,000 being often quoted, sometimes for the overall total and sometimes just for Catania. A few sources give the higher estimate of 25,000.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Aftermath
In the chaos that followed the earthquake, there was concern that exiles like Tancred of Lecce and Robert of Loritello would take part in a Byzantine invasion of the island. However, these disaffected exiles were soon allowed to return and there was no invasion, nor the rebellion that it might have triggered.


1169 Sicily earthquake, Aftermath
Peter of Blois saw the earthquake as God's punishment on the Sicilians for the exile of Stephen du Perche and the appointment of Bishop John of Ajello, through bribery, to the see of Catania, replacing his brother William of Blois in the post.


116903 Jeromeapt
116903 Jeromeapt, provisional designation 2004 GW, is an asteroid of the Massalia family from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 1.1 kilometers (0.7 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 11 April 2004, by American astronomer Jim Young at the Table Mountain Observatory near Wrightwood, California, in the United States. The asteroid was named for American astronaut Jerome Apt.


116903 Jeromeapt, Orbit and classification
Jeromeapt is a member of the Massalia family (404), a large family of stony S-type asteroids with low inclinations. It orbits the Sun in the inner main belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,400 days; semi-major axis of 2.45 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins more than 2 years prior to its official discovery observation, with a precovery taken by Spacewatch at the Steward Observatory in February 2002.


116903 Jeromeapt, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of American Jerome Apt (born 1949), who was the discovering observatory's director and also an astronaut on four Space Shuttle missions in the 1990s. At the time of naming this asteroid, he was a professor at Carnegie Mellon University. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center 29 October 2012 (M.P.C. 81070).


116903 Jeromeapt, Physical characteristics
Since Massalia asteroids are of silicaceous rather than carbonaceous composition, with an albedo typically around 0.22 (also see list of families), Jeromeapt possibly measures 1.1 kilometer in diameter, based on an absolute magnitude of 17.1. As of 2018, the asteroid's effective size, its composition and albedo, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown.


116P/Wild
116P/Wild, also known as Wild 4, is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It fits the definition of an Encke-type comet with (TJupiter > 3; a < aJupiter).


116P/Wild
On 4 November 2042 the comet will pass about 0.029 AU (4,300,000 km; 2,700,000 mi) from Ceres.


116th (Perthshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot
The 116th (Perthshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1793 and disbanded in 1795, with some personnel sent to the 42nd Highlanders.


116th Air Control Squadron
The 116th Air Control Squadron is a United States Air Force squadron located at Camp Rilea Armed Forces Training Center near Warrenton/Astoria, Oregon. In March 2011 the 116th departed for a deployment to Qatar. In 2006 the squadron deployed to Kandahar Air Base in support of Air Expeditionary Force 3 and 4, and Operation Enduring Freedom for 120 days. The 116th ACS is a deployable radar/communications unit.


116th Air Control Squadron, History, 116th timeline
Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron (Tactical),Marietta Army Air Base, GeorgiaSewart Air Force Base, TennesseeJuly 1951 – 8 October 1952


116th Air Control Squadron, History, 116th timeline
Tactical Control SquadronPortland, Air National Guard Base, OregonRelocated: Camp Rilea, Warrenton, Oregon October 19889 June 1971 – 1 May 1987


116th Air Control Squadron, History, 116th timeline
Tactical Control FlightPortland, Air National Guard Base, OregonRelocated: Camp Rilea, Warrenton, Oregon October 19881 May 1987 – 16 June 1992


116th Air Control Squadron, History, 116th timeline
Air Control SquadronCamp Rilea, Warrenton, OregonRedesignated: ACS 16 June 1992Equipment: MPS-11A, TPS-40, TPS-43E, TPS-75, replacement radar August 1975 due to structural failures.


116th Air Control Wing
The 116th Air Control Wing is a Wing of the Georgia Air National Guard/United States Air Force, stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. If activated for federal service, the wing is gained by Air Combat Command.


116th Air Control Wing
The 116th ACW is the only Air National Guard unit operating the E-8C Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (Joint STARS), an airborne ground surveillance and battle management aircraft. Joint STARS detects, locates, classifies, tracks and targets ground movements on the battlefield, communicating real-time information through secure data links with U.S. command posts.


116th Air Control Wing
On 1 October 2002, the 116th ACW was established as the first (and only) Joint Air National Guard/United States Air Force Unit. The Joint Unit was inactivated on 30 September 2011 and the 116th ACW was returned to the sole jurisdiction of the Georgia Air National Guard on 1 October 2011.


116th Air Control Wing, History
The 128th Airborne Command and Control Squadron, assigned to the Wing's 116th Operations Group, traces its lineage to the 840th Aero Squadron, established on 1 February 1918. It was reformed on 1 May 1941, as the 128th Observation Squadron, one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
The 116th Fighter Group was federalized on 10 October 1950 due to the Korean War. It was redesignated the 116th Fighter-Bomber Group, assigned to Tactical Air Command and moved to George Air Force Base, California. At George, the 116th Group was assigned to the newly activated 116th Fighter-Bomber Wing on 1 November as it reorganized under the wing base organization.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
At George the wing's three fighter squadrons were equipped with Lockheed F-80C Shooting Stars and began operational training. After losing many of their F-80 pilots to assignment to Far East Air Forces (FEAF) as replacements, all three squadrons were forced to transfer pilots between themselves in order to maintain a balance of qualified pilots, and they were no longer individual squadrons of Georgia, Florida and California. In April 1951 the wing began receiving brand new Republic F-84E Thunderjets directly from Republic Aircraft.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
On 14 May the wing received a warning order for an impending transfer, and they expected to be transferred to Europe. With a readiness date of 25 June, the 116th was ready to move, and by 1 July they had sent their seventy-five F-84Es to the New York Port of Embarkation for shipment to France. However, on 3 July 1951 they received orders transferring them to Japan. Fifty-four F-84Es had to be obtained from Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas and Langley Air Force Base, Virginia as partial replacements for these Thunderjets.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
The 116th FBG with the 158th and 159th FBS's departed from San Diego on the transport aircraft carrier USS Windham Bay on 12 July, white the 196th FBS had preceded them by two days on the USS Sitkoh Bay. The USAF, having learned from the expensive previous experience with open air transportation of the F-84 on an aircraft carrier deck, heavily protected their F-84s this time with cosmoline and tarpaulins. The Wing off-loaded at Yokosuka Naval Base, Japan between 24–27 July, with their aircraft being barged to Kisarazu, Japan for cleaning and preparation for flight. Regardless of the care taken, thirty-three F-84s suffered some degree of salt damage.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
Two squadrons, the 158th and 159th were then sent to Misawa Air Base, Japan while the 196th was established at Chitose Air Base, Japan. Their initial role was to serve as an augmentation of Japanese air defenses, and their operational training began on 6 August. The 116th remained on garrison duty in Japan into the fall of 1951. During this period they concentrated on providing air-to-ground support to Army units training in Japan as well as assisting in providing aerial defense of northern Japan as a supplement to the other air defense units.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
On 30 November 1951 the 159th Squadron was alerted for a combat role, and on 2 December they dispatched sixteen F-84Es to Taegu Air Base (K-2), South Korea. The 159th flew their first combat mission of twelve Thunderjets against rail targets at Wonsan in southeastern North Korea that morning. Three F-84s suffered flak damage. They then returned again that afternoon. The following day they returned to Wonsan two fly two more strikes. Further missions were flown on 4 and 5 December, and then on 6 December they sent twelve F-84s to Sinanju and Sunchon, North Korea on a rail cutting mission, and then returned to Misawa.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
On 12 December wing pilots flew eighty-eight effective combat sorties. On 25 December 15 the 158th Squadron was attacking a train when they were jumped by North Korean MiG-15s that attacked from 20,000 feet in pairs from the F-84s' six o'clock high position. Captain Paul C. Mitchell Jr., flying as "Able 3" saw two MiGs behind two F-84s, so he came in behind them and closed to 100 feet, firing on the MiG leader's wingman. The MiG pilot bailed out, and his leader slowed down to see what was happening, so Mitchell fired on him, too, scoring some hits.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
Mitchell was credited with 1-0-1, obtaining the last officially credited F-84 MiG kill during the Korean War, and the only "kill" for the 116th Wing. The following day, 16 December the 158th lost their only aircraft attributed to enemy action during the conflict. While strafing ox carts south of Pyongyang Captain David Mather, "George 3", was hit by antiaircraft fire and his F-84 burst into flames. His wingman told him to bail out, and Mather's canopy was seen to come off, but the F-84 crashed before he could get out. On 18 December the 158th returned to Japan.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
The 196th Squadron started for Taegu on 26 December for their turn, but didn't get there until 28 December, because of weather problems. The 196th flew missions from K-2 until 3 January 1952, mostly close air support, with a 70% accuracy, and returned to Japan on 4 January 1952. The 116th Group returned to combat on 26 May 1952. The first mission was with sixteen F-84Es that flew from Misawa to Chitose Air Base for a pilot briefing, and then after arming with 500-pound general-purpose bombs, they took off for an attack against Sariwon, in southwestern North Korea. The F-84s were refueled en route by Boeing KB-29 Superfortress tankers near Taegu, South Korea, upon their return from the target, which gave any aircraft unable to be air refueled an alternate landing spot. After refueling the mission landed at Johnson Air Base, Japan and resumed the air defense mission.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Combat in Korean War
On 10 June 1952 the 116th was relieved from active duty. The remaining guardsmen were returned to the United States, the jets and equipment of the Wing were then transferred to the 474th Fighter-Bomber Wing and assigned to Fifth Air Force.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Air Defense Command
The wing was redesignated the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Wing and allotted to the Georgia Air National Guard on 10 July and activated at Dobbins Air Force Base. At this time the 116th Group was restructured to include the 128th and 158th Fighter-Interceptor Squadrons. Initially upon their return to state control both squadrons were equipped with the long-range North American F-51H Mustang and given an air defense mission. The 116th was gained by Air Defense Command (ADC), upon mobilization, being assigned to the 35th Air Division with a mission of the air defense of the Southeastern United States.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Air Defense Command
Commencing in February 1953 the 128th began conversion to the F-84D Thunderjet, yet most were not received until mid summer. During the summer of 1955 the 128th was redesignated as the 128th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and converted the swept-wing F-84F Thunderstreak. Strangely enough, it was not until March 1957 that the surviving D models were dispatched for salvage, with eleven of those aged D models having been lost in accidents while serving with the 128th.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Air Defense Command
In 1958, the 116th implemented the ADC Runway Alert Program, in which interceptors of the 128th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron were committed to a five-minute runway alert. In 1960 the F-84s were replaced by the North American F-86L Sabre, a day/night/all-weather aircraft designed to be integrated into the ADC SAGE interceptor direction and control system.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Air Transport
In 1961, Military Air Transport Service (MATS) became the 116th's gaining command as the wing traded in its Sabre interceptors for 4-engined Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter transports. The 116th Wing was assigned to Eastern Transport Air Force and flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to the Caribbean, Europe, Greenland, and the Middle East in support of Air Force requirements.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Air Transport
In 1966 MATS was replaced by Military Airlift Command (MAC) and EASTAF became Twenty-First Air Force. The 116th Wing upgraded to the Douglas C-124 Globemaster II strategic heavy airlifter, being the first Air National Guard unit to receive the aircraft. Due to requirements generated by the Vietnam War, missions were flown across the Pacific to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, South Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Post-Vietnam
In the years after the Vietnam War, the transport requirements of MAC along with the retirement of the C-124 led the 116th to be reassigned back to Tactical Air Command in 1974 and was re-equipped with North American F-100 Super Sabre tactical fighter-bombers, many aircraft being veterans of the Vietnam War. The 128th flew the Super Sabre jets for six accident-free years until May 1979 when the last aircraft left Dobbins to be retired as part of the phaseout of the F-100 from the inventory. During that time, one F-100D made a crash landing at Dobbins due to its nose gear failing to lower and lock in place shortly before the aircraft were to be retired.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Post-Vietnam
The F-100s were replaced with other Vietnam-era hand-me-down combat veteran aircraft by TAC during the early 1980s, as Republic F-105 Thunderchief Wild Weasel electronic warfare aircraft were assigned, then retired and McDonnell F-4 Phantom II fighter bombers in their final years of service.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Post-Vietnam
In 1986 the 116th retired the last of its Vietnam War Phantoms and received McDonnell Douglas F-15A Eagle air superiority fighters. The F-15A was introduced into the inventory in the mid-1970s and now were being upgraded in the active duty by the improved F-15C. The 116th flew the F-15 for the next ten years. The 116th Tactical Fighter Wing developed an impressive record of accomplishment and was awarded nine Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards.


116th Air Control Wing, History, B-1B Lancer
In 1992 as part of the post Cold War reorganizations of the Air Force, the 116th converted to the Air Force Objective organization and the 128th was assigned to the reactivated 116th Operations Group. In 1992 Tactical Air Command was inactivated and the 116th was assigned to the new Air Combat Command (ACC).


116th Air Control Wing, History, B-1B Lancer
After calling Dobbins home for 50 years, the 116th was presented with a new challenge in 1996. The wing simultaneously converted from the F-15 Eagle fighters to the Rockwell B-1 Lancer strategic bomber and moved 110 miles south to Robins Air Force Base near Warner Robins, Georgia. As part of the post Cold-War drawdown, the active-duty fleet of B-1Bs were being reduced for budget reductions and being taken off alert status by the former Strategic Air Command.


116th Air Control Wing, History, B-1B Lancer
Having to make the most of the available facilities, including the former Strategic Air Command alert facility at Robins, the 116th Bomb Wing was quickly up and running and participated in a number of deployments and exercises around the world in the B-1B.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Airborne Command and Control
Due to fiscal constraints, in 2002 the USAF agreed to reduce its fleet of B-1Bs from 92 to 60 aircraft, to include removing all B-1 aircraft assigned to the Air National Guard. The 116th Bomb Wing, having older aircraft was ordered to send its aircraft to "active storage" which meant that they could be quickly returned to service should circumstances dictate. Its first B-1B was flown to storage at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona on 20 August.


116th Air Control Wing, History, Airborne Command and Control
Under the Air Force's Total Force Initiative as a "blended" wing, the former 93d Air Control Wing, an active-duty Air Combat Command unit, and the 116th Bomb Wing, a Georgia Air National Guard unit, were inactivated effective 1 October 2002.