124th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
The shield is white, the old Infantry color. The saltire is taken from the Florida State flag. The sheathed sword, from the Spanish War service medal, represents service during that war. The cactus symbolizes service on the Mexican Border, and the fleur-de-lis, service during World War I.


124th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 124th Infantry Regiment on 19 November 1927. It was redesignated for the 124th Armored Infantry Battalion on 20 April 1956. The insignia was redesignated for the 124th Infantry Regiment on 27 June 1960. It was amended to add a motto on 20 August 1968.


124th Infantry Regiment (United States), Regiment commanders
COL Vivian B. Collins, 124th Infantry Regiment, 9/30/1925 – 5/25/1928.


124th Infantry Regiment (United States), Regiment commanders
COL Preston Ayers, 124th Infantry Regiment, 7/13/1934 – circa 1940.


124th Maine Senate
Below is the list of the 124th Maine Senate, which was sworn into office on December 3, 2008 and left office in December 2010.


124th Maine Senate
On December 3, Libby Mitchell (D-Kennebec) was the only candidate nominated for President of the Maine Senate and was subsequently elected Senate President.


124th Maine Senate
The 124th Senate consisted of 21 Democrats and 14 Republicans. In April 2009, the Maine Senate approved LD 1020 with a 21-14 vote. The bill if enacted allowed same-sex couples to marry. The bill ultimately passed the Maine Legislature as a whole and was signed by Governor John Baldacci before being repealed via a people's veto in November 2009.


124th New York Infantry Regiment
The 124th New York Infantry Regiment, commonly known as the Orange Blossoms, was a volunteer regiment from Orange County, New York, during the American Civil War. Formed in Goshen during the summer of 1862, The unit was officially mustered into United States Service on September 5, 1862, by Col. Augustus van Horne Ellis, the regiment was made up of volunteers from the surrounding towns and a core of veterans from the 71st New York State Militia.


124th New York Infantry Regiment, Organization
Volunteers were recruited by town and the 10 companies of the regiment were organized by region:


124th New York Infantry Regiment, Campaigns
The Orange Blossoms' first major engagement was at the Battle of Fredericksburg, in December 1862. Thomas W. Bradley, an Orange Blossom and future United States Representative, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863. Colonel Ellis was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg, at Houck's Ridge. Three other officers and 31 enlisted men from the regiment also died during the battle.


124th New York Infantry Regiment, Campaigns
The Orange Blossoms also took part in the Overland Campaign, taking losses in the Battle of the Wilderness, the Battle of Cold Harbor, and the Spotsylvania Court House. In June 1864 they were at the Siege of Petersburg. In 1865 they fought in the Appomattox Campaign, and were present during the Confederate surrender at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.


124th New York State Legislature
The 124th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 23, 1901, during the first year of Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.'s governorship, in Albany.


124th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the body of the New York Constitution of 1894, 50 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (seven districts), chenango County (twenty four districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


124th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Prohibition Party, the Socialist Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party also nominated tickets.


124th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1900, was held on November 6. Gov. Theodore Roosevelt was elected U.S. vice president. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. was elected Governor; and Lt. Gov. Timothy L. Woodruff was re-elected; both Republicans. The other five statewide elective offices up for election were also carried by the Republicans. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Republicans 805,000; Democrats 694,000; Prohibition 23,000; Socialist Labor 14,000; and Social Democrats 13,000.


124th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 2, 1901, and adjourned on April 23.


124th New York State Legislature, Sessions
S. Frederick Nixon (R) was re-elected Speaker, with 104 votes against 42 for Daniel D. Frisbie (D).


124th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Timothy E. Ellsworth (R) was re-elected President pro tempore of the State Senate.


124th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: In 1897, New York County (the boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx), Kings County (the borough of Brooklyn), Richmond County (the borough of Staten Island) and the Western part of Queens County (the borough of Queens) were consolidated into the present-day City of New York. The Eastern part of Queens County (the non-consolidated part) was separated in 1899 as Nassau County. Parts of the 1st and 2nd Assembly districts of Westchester County were annexed by New York City in 1895, and became part of the Borough of the Bronx in 1898.


124th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Patrick F. Trainor, Samuel S. Slater, James B. Ewan, Michael Russell and Henry W. Hill changed from the Assembly to the Senate.


124th Ohio General Assembly
The One Hundred Twenty-fourth Ohio General Assembly was the legislative body of the state of Ohio in 2001 and 2002. In this General Assembly, both the Ohio Senate and the Ohio House of Representatives were controlled by the Republican Party. In the Senate, there were 21 Republicans and 12 Democrats. In the House, there were 60 Republicans and 39 Democrats. It was also the last General Assembly to use redistricted legislative districts after the 1990 United States Census.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 124th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 124th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 124th Ohio Infantry was organized in Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered in for three years service on January 1, 1863, under the command of Colonel Oliver Hazard Payne.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to District of Western Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to February 1863. Franklin, Tennessee, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XXI Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, IV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 124th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Nashville, Tennessee, on July 9, 1865.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left Ohio for Louisville, Ky., January 1; then moved to Elizabethtown, Ky., and duty there until February 10, 1863. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., February 10, 1863; then to Franklin February 21, and duty there until June. Action at Thompson's Station, Spring Hill, March 4–5. Thompson's Station June 2. Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Camp at Manchester until August 16. Passage of the Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga Campaign August 16-September 22. At Poe's Tavern August 20-September 9. Passage of the Tennessee River September 10. Lee and Gordon's Mills September 11–13. Battle of Chickamauga September 19–20.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Chattanooga, Tenn., September 24-November 23. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Brown's Ferry October 27. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23–24. Missionary Ridge November 25. March to relief of Knoxville, Tenn., November 28-December 8. Operations in eastern Tennessee until April 1864. Operations about Dandridge January 16–17. Atlanta  Campaign May 1 to September 8. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge and Dalton, Ga., May 8–13. Battle of Resaca May 14–16. Adairsville May 17. Near Kingston May 18–19. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Pickett's Mills May 27. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Ruff's Station July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy's Station September 2–6. Pursuit of Hood into Alabama October 3–26. At Athens, Ga., October 31 to November 23.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
March to Columbia, Tenn., November 23–24. Columbia, Duck River, November 24–27. Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. Moved to Huntsville, Ala., and duty there until March 1865. Operations in eastern Tennessee March 15-April 22. Duty at Strawberry Plains and Nashville until June.


124th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 210 men during service; 7 officers and 78 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 124 enlisted men died of disease.


124th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 124th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


124th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 124th Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and mustered in August 1862 for nine month's service under the command of Colonel Joseph W. Hawley.


124th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XII Corps, to May 1863.


124th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 124th Pennsylvania Infantry mustered out May 16, 1863 at Harrisburg.


124th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left Pennsylvania for Washington, D.C., August 12. Camp near Fort Albany, defenses of Washington, until September 7. March to Rockville, Md. Maryland Campaign September 7-24. Battle of Antietam September 16-17. Burying dead September 18. March to Pleasant Valley, Md., September 19-20. At Maryland Heights until October 30. At Loudon Heights until November 8. Reconnaissance up the Shenandoah Valley November 8-19. Near Harpers Ferry until December 10. March to Fredericksburg, Va., December 10-15; then to Fairfax Station. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20-24, 1863. At Stafford Court House until April 27. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-5. Ordered to Harrisburg, Pa. for  muster out.


124th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 54 men during service; 1 officer and 17 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 36 enlisted men died of disease.


124th Regiment of Foot (1762)
The 124th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1762 and disbanded in 1763. Its colonel was Robert Cuninghame, 1st Baron Rossmore.


124th meridian east
The meridian 124° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Australia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


124th meridian east
The 124th meridian east forms a great circle with the 56th meridian west.


124th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 124th meridian east passes through:


124th meridian west
The meridian 124° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


124th meridian west
The 124th meridian west forms a great circle with the 56th meridian east.


124th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 124th meridian west passes through:


125 (dinghy)
The 125 is a 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) two person intermediate sailing dinghy complete with main, jib, spinnaker and trapeze. The 125 class has a strong following within Australia with national titles being held every year around the country and local state associations. The class was originally designed as an intermediate class for developing skills with the jib, spinnaker and trapeze but has become popular from novice to experienced sailors.


125 (dinghy), History
The 125 was designed in 1969 by Simon Greig as a class that would sit between Jack Holt's 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) Mirror and the larger Mirror 16 at 4.9 m (16 ft). As with the Mirrors, the 125 can be assembled from plywood using the "stitch and glue" method, and, as far as possible, the 125 uses Mirror parts in its design. The parallels between the boats go as far as the design of the sail insignia – the 125 employs a design based on the Mirror's symbol lying on its side.


125 (dinghy), History
Nevertheless, initial sales were not good, and with the arrival of the Mirror 14 Greig had decided not to continue production. However, John Coomer had built one of the few kits that had been sold, and encouraged Greig to continue producing kits if buyers were available. A new sail plan was developed based on the Flying Junior, and Coomer developed class rules and a constitution for the 125. Yet while his 125, Beauty Bottla, was successful in racing, there was no real demand for the class.


125 (dinghy), History
Things changed in 1972 when Greig handed over the copyright for the design to Coomer to be used by any association that might be formed. Subsequently, the new association was developed, the boat was marketed by the association, and as a result sail numbers increased from 6 in 1970 (with Coomer's boat) to 21 in late 1972. By 1977 over 950 sets of plans had been sold, and the first National Championships were held that year.


125 (dinghy), History
In 1979, the 125 was also developed into the stretched 145 class and initially saw fast growth with an association and branches in all states and New Zealand. Ultimately the class proved less popular than its smaller cousin with 145 Associations disbanding in the early to mid 2000s.


125 (dinghy), History
The class continued to develop under a strict set of rules, with various modifications being made to the specification over the years – including, in 1990, a provision for fiberglass hulls.


125 (dinghy), Popularity
According to the national association, there are a number of attributes of the class that may contribute to its popularity. In particular, the class caters to both intermediate sailors who have graduated from the sail trainers (such as the Sabot and Optimist dinghies), providing a more extensive sail plan and a trapeze on a relatively stable and forgiving hull, while also being suitable to both adult/child and adult/adult combinations. Furthermore, the 125 is a relatively low cost boat, making it suitable to sailing on a budget – especially if an older, wooden, hull is purchased. The boat can be sailed in all Australian states, and sailors can compete at both state and national levels of competition.


125 (dinghy), Popularity
The popularity of the class to sailors of varying ages and skill levels can be problematic, as it leaves race organisers with difficulties trying to have all sailors finish within a reasonable time. As of 2009 there are fleets of 125's in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia.


125 (number)
125 (one hundred [and] twenty-five) is the natural number following 124 and preceding 126.


125 (number), In mathematics
125 is the cube of 5. It can be expressed as a sum of two squares in two different ways, 125 = 10² + 5² = 11² + 2².


125 (number), In mathematics
125 and 126 form a Ruth-Aaron pair under the second definition in which repeated prime factors are counted as often as they occur.


125 (number), In mathematics
Like many other powers of 5, it is a Friedman number in base 10 since 125 = 51 + 2.


125 BC
Year 125 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hypsaeus and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 629 Ab urbe condita) and the Fourth Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 125 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


125 Greenwich Street
125 Greenwich Street (also known as 22 Thames Street) is a residential skyscraper being built in the Financial District in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The tower is two blocks south of One World Trade Center on the site of the former Western Electric building, and directly across from the site of the demolished Deutsche Bank Building. The building was designed by architect Rafael Viñoly, with interiors designed by British duo March & White. When complete, the tower will stand at a height of 912 feet (278 m), making it the 20th tallest building in the city.


125 Greenwich Street, History
In September 2014, it was announced that the tower would stand 1,356 feet (413 m), with 77 floors and 128 residential units. The foundation of the building was completed in June 2016. In 2017, the building's height was revised to 912 feet (278 m), with 88 floors and 273 units.


125 Greenwich Street, Design
The tower has distinctly rounded corners with curved floor-to-ceiling glass. The building is nearly column-free, and two I-beam-shaped shear walls that run vertically through the slender tower support the floors of the building. The top three floors contain amenities including entertainment space, private dining rooms, a fitness center, lap pool, and a spa. The building will contain 273 apartments that will come in studios through three-bedroom variants.


125 Group
The 125 Group is a railway heritage group in England dedicated to the preservation of the InterCity 125s.


125 Group
The 125 Group was founded in 1994 at a time when the InterCity 125 remained in daily use and under no threat of withdrawal. In 2006 it purchased 10 Paxman Valenta engines when the majority of the Class 43 powercars were repowered with a view to restoring some to original condition when withdrawn.


125 Group
In 2011, it reached an agreement with the National Railway Museum to become the custodian of Class 41 prototype powercar 41001 and restore it to operational condition at Neville Hill TMD. This work was completed in 2014, with 41001 based at the Nottingham Heritage Railway.


125 Group
The 125 Group purchased a number of Mark 3 carriages to operate with it. These were Mark 3B variants that were compatible with 41001's electrical system and had last been operated by Virgin Trains West Coast with Class 87 and Class 90 electric locomotives. In 2020 these were sold replaced by ex HST Mark 3s, three from East Midlands Railway and one ex First Great Western.


125 Group
During 2019, the National Railway Museum terminated the lease of 41001. Upon being withdrawn in 2020, former East Midlands Railway Class 43 powercars 43048 and 43089 were donated by Porterbrook to the 125 Group. In 2021, the group purchased a third powercar, 43044, from Porterbrook. It is planned to replace its Paxman VP185 engine with a Paxman Valenta. In June 2021, Porterbrook donated a fourth powercar, 43159, that was involved in the record-breaking 148mph run on the East Coast Main Line in 1987. With this former First Great Western power car having a MTU engine, the group has examples of all three engine types used by the Class 43s.


125 High Street
125 High Street is a 30-floor postmodern highrise in the Financial District  of Boston, Massachusetts. Standing 452 feet (138 m) tall, the highrise is currently the 23rd-tallest building in the city. 125 High Street has approximately 1.8 million square feet (167,000 square meters) of Class A office space. It was designed by Jung Brannen Associates and is owned and operated by Tishman


125 High Street, History
NYNEX (now Verizon and formerly Bell Atlantic), one of Massachusetts' largest employers, wished to consolidate into a single headquarters facility. It was formerly the site of the Traveler's Insurance Building. The existing 16-story, 300,000 square foot (28,000 square meter) structure was demolished in 1988 to make room for 125 High Street.


125 High Street, Design and features, Architecture and layout
The exterior is of a unifying granite, with entrances to the building through the High Street Tower and Oliver Street Tower. The two towers are connected via a central 8-story atrium with skylights 150 feet (46 m) above the floor.


125 Jahre die Toten Hosen: Auf dem Kreuzzug ins Glück
125 Jahre die Toten Hosen: Auf dem Kreuzzug ins Glück (125 years Die Toten Hosen: On the crusade to happiness) is the fifth studio album and a double album by the German punk band Die Toten Hosen. The title "125 Jahre..." comes from the ages of all band members combined.


125 Jahre die Toten Hosen: Auf dem Kreuzzug ins Glück
CD 1 contains mostly original material; it includes 2 covers, on which Honest John Plain also plays. CD 2 includes B-sides, remixes, a cover, a skit ("Im Jet-Grill") and a 3-song "drama" about Willi, about whom two songs had already been written and released. Before, between and after the Willi songs Gerhard Polt talks about Willi, playing different characters.


125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone
125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone is a 1927 folio or songbook of compositions for trombone by Glenn Miller. The jazz breaks were included in a songbook published by the Melrose Brothers in Chicago and a UK edition by Herman Darewski.


125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone, Background
The songbook was copyrighted in 1927 as Glenn Miller's 125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone by the Melrose Brothers Music Company: The House That Blues Built, 177 North State Street, Chicago, Illinois. The score was published in the UK in London by Herman Darewski Music Publishing Co., in 1941, established by the Polish-born composer and conductor. The songbook was softcover and measured 6 3/4 X 10 inches. It consisted of 22 pages. Glenn Miller is pictured on the cover in a black and white photograph. The cover illustration is signed with the initials N.E.K. The rear cover has ads for other Melrose Brothers Music Company publications including ones for Dixieland, Book of Blues, Benny Goodman, Louis Armstrong, and Jelly Roll Morton.


125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone, Background
In the publisher's forward it discussed the art of playing jazz, mentioning "Glenn Miller, feature trombonist of Ben Pollack's Victor Recording Orchestra, and author of this book, is recognized everywhere as a finished artist." The back cover contained the description: "Glenn Miller is a feature trombonist with Ben Pollack's Victor Recording Orchestra. Professional musicians everywhere recommend this book. Price: $1.00." The sheet music was advertised in the 1928 Billboard, Volume 40, Page 202. "The Jazz Breaks are works of recognized Jazz artists who have made national reputations. JAZZ BREAKS. Benny Goodman's 125 Jazz Breaks for Sax and Clarinet. $1.00. GLENN MILLER'S 125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone. $1.00." An ad for the sheet music also appeared in the 1928 Metronome, Volume 44, Page 42.


125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone, Background
The songbook contained the sheet music for 125 jazz breaks or improvisations for trombone with piano accompaniment in different keys.


125 Jazz Breaks for Trombone, Background
The Melrose Bros. Music Company was founded by Walter Melrose and Lester Melrose. Melrose Music also published Louis Armstrong's 125 Jazz Breaks for Cornet and Benny Goodman's 125 Jazz Breaks for the Saxophone and Clarinet in 1928. These folios were also republished by Herman Darewski in the UK.


125 Liberatrix
Liberatrix (minor planet designation: 125 Liberatrix) is a main-belt asteroid. It has a relatively reflective surface and an M-type spectrum. Liberatrix is a member of an asteroid family bearing its own name.


125 Liberatrix
It was discovered by Prosper Henry on September 11, 1872, from Paris. Some sources give Paul Henry sole credit for its discovery. The asteroid's name is a feminine version of the word "liberator". Henry may have chosen the name to mark the liberation of France from Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. More specifically, it may honor Adolphe Thiers, the first President of the French Republic, who arranged a loan that enabled the Prussian troops to be removed from France.


125 Liberatrix
In the late 1990s, a network of astronomers worldwide gathered lightcurve data to derive the spin states and shape models of 10 asteroids, including Liberatrix. Liberatrix's lightcurve has a large amplitude of 0.4 in magnitude, indicating an elongated or irregular shape.


125 Liberatrix
The spectrum of this asteroid matches a M-type asteroid. It may be the remnant of an asteroid that had undergone differentiation, with orthopyroxene minerals scattered evenly across the surface. There is no indication of hydration.


125 Liberatrix
To date, there have been at least two observed occultations by Liberatrix. Early on December 11, 2014, Liberatrix occulted a 9th magnitude star and will be visible over the majority of Southern California and a swath of Mexico.


125 London Wall
125 London Wall, also known as Alban Gate, is a postmodernist building on London Wall in the City of London. Along with Embankment Place and Vauxhall Cross, it has been described as one of the three projects that established designer Sir Terry Farrell's reputation in the late 1980s-to-early 1990s period. In 2004, writer Deyan Sudjic described it as "postmodernism at its most exuberant", placing it at number 5 in a list of Ten Triumphs of recent UK architecture.


125 London Wall, History
The district was once the northeast corner of the Roman settlement Londonium. Though one of the oldest settled parts of the city, the area was completely devastated during The Blitz. It was redeveloped in the postwar decades according to modernist planning principles centred on the automobile. London Wall became an "unpleasant 1960s dual carriageway", a "mini-motorway which acted as divisively upon its surroundings as the old wall had". The sites surrounding the roadway were developed under high-rise schemes including the Barbican Estate to the north.


125 London Wall, History
The site beside the road upon which Alban Gate was built was originally home to Lee House, a modernist office complex. In 1986, spurred by Margaret Thatcher's "Big Bang" deregulation of financial markets and the need for more large-floorplate modern office space, planning permission was granted for the demolition of Lee House.


125 London Wall, Design
Construction of the complex began in 1990, and was completed in 1992 with 18 floors and a maximum height of 82 m (270 ft). Architects Terry Farrell and Partners sought to bridge the urban barrier of London Wall by utilising the air rights over the roadway. The complex is composed of two twin towers, set at a 90-degree angle to each other, with one straddling London Wall itself and offering pedestrian passage via an arcade housing shops and restaurants suspended over the road.


125 London Wall, Design
The other tower sits on a heavily modelled podium meant to repair the urban fabric, countering the "agoraphobia" and poor pedestrian circulation of the earlier 1960s modernist schemes. The tower plinth and adjacent low romanesque block relate to the scale of surrounding buildings as well as shielding Monkwell Square, which had become a "service yard", from the motorway. Monkwell Square was redesigned and landscaped.


125 London Wall, Design
Though the towers are visually distinct, their floorplates are actually connected and share a central service core. The 18th floor of one tower houses a special meeting suite.


125 London Wall, Tenants
The building is well known as the former UK headquarters of JPMorgan Chase, one of the world's leading investment banks. Nabarro LLP leased 138,000 sq ft (12,800 m2) in 2012.


125 London Wall, Tenants
Most of the building now holds Lloyds Banking Group offices.


125 London Wall, Ownership
In 2000, MEPC plc sold the building for around £160 million. In July 2010, it was part of a group of six landmark London properties sold to the Carlyle Group for £671 million following the default of Simon Halabi's property companies. In 2014, the building was purchased by Blackstone for £300 million.


125 Magazine
125 Magazine is a London, England, based publication for work and ideas by photographers, illustrators and artists around the world.


125 Magazine, Background
125 Magazine's founding partners and the core editorial team are photographers Perry Curties and Jason Joyce, and art directors Rob Crane and Martin Yates who started 125 in 2003 after the realization that no unbiased platform for new work by both established and emerging talent existed. The first issue (themed Fashion) was released in the UK and received a nomination in the Magazine Design Awards but was not a commercial success. The magazine is now a 300-page, 2 kg 'gallery' of new work and ideas by photographers, stylists and illustrators around the world.


125 Magazine, Print sales
125 has a print-sales service which makes all the photography in the magazine available as limited edition art prints through its website. Inclusion in the service is not compulsory but all contributors are offered the chance to participate, with income divided equally between photographer and 125. According to the 125 website they have sold in excess of 8000 prints online and through exhibitions with companies and galleries including Paul Smith and St. Lukes advertising agency.


125 Magazine, Contributors
Each issue has a theme and contains the work of 20-25 contributors as well as interviews with creative talents such as Nick Knight, Glen Luchford, Sean Ellis, Don McCullin Rankin (photographer), and Magnum Photos.


125 Magazine, Contributors
High-profile names have been commissioned to shoot for 125, such as Rankin, Richard Kern, Perou, Christopher Griffith, Alice Hawkins, Mick Rock, Shinichi Maruyama, Ernst Fischer, and Tim Simmons.


125 Magazine, Influences and competitors
The 125 founders have cited I-D, and particularly Rankin's Rank Magazine which was a short-lived independent showcase as proof that such a magazine was a viable proposition. In 2003 Tank, Exit and Big Magazine were the closest rivals to 125.


125 Park Road
125 Park Road is a listed building in Westminster, London, England. Occupying a prominent site opposite the Hanover Gate entrance to Regent's Park, the 11 storey block of flats has 18 two bedroom, 18 one bedroom, four penthouse and one caretaker's flat. Three quarters of the 41 flats have views over the park. The block was one of the first funded and built on the co-ownership principle made possible by the formation of the Housing Corporation in 1964. Lessees contributed to a group mortgage and received a premium payment when they left. This was designed to reflect the increase in the value of the flat during their stay.


125 Park Road, Architects
125 Park Road was designed in the late 1960s by the architects Farrell/Grimshaw Partnership for the Mercury Housing Society. Both Sir Terry Farrell and Sir Nicholas Grimshaw were members of the society and lived in the block. It was their second scheme and, when listed in 2001, was commended for pioneering the British High Tech architecture movement. The block was completed in June 1970 at a contract cost of £227,000.


125 Park Road, Design
The building is widely known for its corrugated aluminium cladding, radiused corners and sloping glazed roof. The exterior belies the light and spacious interiors of the flats. Living space is maximised by concentrating bathrooms, lifts and stairs in a central structural core. Natural light is maximised by placing the freestanding perimeter columns behind continuous window glazing. Curved corners add the sensation of panoramic views over London. Most internal walls are non-loadbearing which allows flats to be combined as larger units. This shows the benefits of designing residential accommodation on the same principles as commercial offices where habitable space is freed by concentrating services in a central core.


125 Park Road, Recognition & reputation
In 1973, the flats were highly commended in the Housing Design Awards sponsored by the Secretary of State for the Environment.


125 Park Road, Recognition & reputation
Increasingly, features about the building and individual flats started to appear in Sunday colour supplements and architectural magazines such as Building Design and Architectural Design. One of the penthouses was used as a film location, other flats were used for magazine and advertisement shoots. The inclusion of 125 Park Road in guides to modern British and London architecture, in Elain Harwood's England: A Guide to Post-war Listed Buildings and in Colin Amery's monograph on the early work of Nicholas Grimshaw helped to make the block a destination for visiting architects and students. It is now widely recognised as the first residential block designed on the office block principle of maximising habitable space around an easily accessible central service core.


125 Rooms of Comfort
125 Rooms of Comfort is a 1974 Canadian drama film directed by Patrick Loubert.


125 Rooms of Comfort
The film stars Tim Henry as Billie Joyce, a gay and transvestite former musician who has been institutionalized in an asylum due to mental illness. Inheriting the smalltown hotel formerly owned by his deceased father, he returns home intending to sell the hotel to real estate developer Oscar Kidd (Robert A. Silverman), but soon finds himself in the position of defending the rights of the hotel's staff against Kidd's renovation plans.


125 Rooms of Comfort, Awards
The film was a nominee for Best Picture at the Canadian Film Awards in 1975, but did not win.


125 S. Fourth St.
125 S. Fourth St. is the address of an unnamed historic building in the Ogle County, Illinois city of Oregon. The building is part of the Oregon Commercial Historic District and as such is part of the National Register of Historic Places. The district and its contributing properties were added to the Register in August 2006. The building has been altered somewhat from its original appearance including wood siding added to the first floor level and the addition of signage. It stands near the rest of the 100 Block of South Fourth Street, which includes other historic buildings at 127 S. Fourth St., 121-123 S. Fourth St., to which 125 is adjacent and the Masonic Temple Lodge No. 420.


125 Squadron (Israel)
The 125 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force, also known as the  Light Helicopters Squadron, was a Bell 206B helicopter squadron based at Sde Dov Airport.


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 125 Squadron "Puma" is a helicopter squadron base at Sembawang Air Base, Republic of Singapore Air Force, the squadron goes by the motto of "Swift in Support", with the Puma as the squadron's motif.


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
Formed in February 1985, the 125 Squadron consisted of twenty-two newly purchased Aérospatiale AS332M Super Puma medium lift helicopters. This was the Republic of Singapore Air Force's third helicopter squadron, after 120 Sqn and 123 Sqn. The pilots for the new helicopters were drawn from the two squadrons and led by Major Chia Sin Kwong, were sent to France to undergo a conversion course.


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
The first Super Puma made its way to Singapore in July 1985 and the Squadron was officially inaugurated on 4 October 1985. The guest of honour for the ceremony was the then Chief of General Staff, Major-General (later Lieutenant-General) Winston Choo. Three of the Squadron's Super Pumas are permanently painted in red and white paint scheme for conducting Search and rescue (SAR) work, taking over the duty of SAR-configured Bell 212 Twin Huey helicopters from 120 Sqn, which were retired the same year, the motto of the SAR detachment is "That others may live".


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
Based at Sembawang Air Base, the Super Pumas brought to the RSAF a new dimension in its operational capabilities. Prior to the acquisition of the CH-47 Chinook, SAF relied on the squadron's Super Puma helicopters to transport its light vehicles and troops around on various detachments and training grounds.


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
During Singapore's National Day, the Super Pumas take on a different, but no less important, role. Since 1986, they have been active participants of the parade, either flying the Singapore flag proudly or simply being part of the flypast. A Super Puma crashed landed on the compound at Sembawang Air Base, with no fatalities.


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
In 2003 to 2007, then Commanding Officer LTC Yeap Hong Kiat led the squadron in the Banda Aceh Tsunami rescue.


125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Unit history
In 2010, current Commanding Officer LTC Ong Jack Sen and the squadron celebrated the 25th anniversary of Super Puma operations in the RSAF.


125 West 55th Street
125 West 55th Street, also known as Avenue of the Americas Plaza, is a 23-story, 575,000-square-foot (53,400 m2) office building located on 55th Street between the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) and Seventh Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building also has an entrance at 120 West 56th Street, across the street from the Le Parker Meridien Hotel.


125 West 55th Street
The facility, with 570,000 square feet (53,000 m2) of rentable office space, was developed by The Macklowe Organization. The building, designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and John MY Lee Architects, has 23,000-square-foot (2,100 m2) floorplates. The second floor of the building houses Air France's United States executive offices. Macquarie Bank houses its New York representative office in the building. Boston Properties currently owns and manages the building. The building also houses offices of Katz Media Group, a division of iHeartMedia.


125 West 55th Street, History, Development
The building, constructed by Fisher Brothers, cost $60 million in 1988 dollars. The Saint Thomas Choir School previously occupied the site, and moved into a new building at 202 West 58th Street.


125 West 55th Street, History, Development
Construction on 125 West 55th Street began in 1988. In order to capitalize on a City of New York zoning bonus, the developers planned to have the building's foundation installed by May 13, 1988; buildings in the area installed before a deadline in the northern hemisphere spring of 1988 received a 20% increase in size in order to spur development of western Midtown Manhattan. The developers planned to have tenants begin occupying the building in May 1989. The building was completed in 1990.


125 West 55th Street, History, Use
In 1991 Air France leased 29,500 square feet (2,740 m2) of space in the building. As of July 10, 1991, it was the largest lease in Manhattan in the year 1991. The airline had planned to move its Northeast United States headquarters, its U.S. reservation center, and its New York City ticket office to the building beginning in 1992. The lease included 27,000 square feet (2,500 m2) of office space on the building's second floor and 2,500 square feet (230 m2) of retail space on the first floor.


125 West 55th Street, History, Use
Air France had its previous ticket office at 666 Fifth Avenue and its previous reservation department at 888 Seventh Avenue, and wanted a larger ticket office facility and overhauled reservation department offices. It moved both departments into 125 West 55th Street. Air France opted to move into 125 West 55th Street instead of spending $2.5 million to upgrade the telecommunications systems and remove asbestos at 888 Seventh Avenue; 125 West 55th Street came with the latest fiber optics systems and did not have asbestos. Air France has since closed the street-level retail ticket office.


125 West 55th Street, History, Use
Around the same time, Katz Media Group signed a lease for 170,000 square feet (16,000 m2) of space in the building. As of November 24, 1991, the Katz lease was the fourth largest lease in New York City. During that year the National Bank of Canada and Credietbank were tenants in the building.


125 West 55th Street, History, Use
In the summer of 1992, LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby & MacRae moved 1,200 employees into the building. The firm had consolidated from several previous locations, and occupied eight floors and the concourse level. The 20-year lease was for 224,000 square feet (20,800 m2) of space. The LeBouef deal, signed in 1991, was that year's second largest lease in New York City as of November 24, 1991.


125 West 55th Street, History, Use
Boston Properties acquired the building in 2008, for $444 million. In 2010, Katz Media Group renewed its lease until 2027, giving Katz more than one-third of the building space, with about 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2). In 2010 MetLife refinanced a portion of the debt of the building. As of 2011 the building was worth $345 million. In 2011 a former deputy of Harry Macklowe, former head of the Macklowe Group, filed a lawsuit against Macklowe, saying that Macklowe did not share the proceeds of the sale of 125 West 55th Street.


125 West 55th Street, Design
Thomas L. Waite of The New York Times said in 1988, before the completion of the building, that the blue glass sheathing around it "may give it a pastoral sheen." Waite said that the design of 125 West 55th Street is similar to that of the Metropolitan Tower.


125 Years
125 Years is a public art installation at the University of Pennsylvania, made by Jenny Holzer in 2003.


125 Years, Installation
It is located at Hill Square, University of Pennsylvania, between Chestnut Street, Walnut Street, 33rd Street and 34th Street. The artwork celebrates the 125 years of women at the University of Pennsylvania, which was inaugurated on November 7, 2003.


125 Years Memory
125 Years Memory (海難1890, Kainan 1890) is a 2015 drama film directed by Mitsutoshi Tanaka and written by Eriko Komatsu. Two historical incidents that deepened the friendship between Japan and Turkey are connected in this story of friendship and compassion: The sinking of the Turkish frigate Ertuğrul off the Japanese coast in 1890 and the evacuation of Japanese nationals from Iran in 1985. It received the Japan Academy Film Prize in ten categories, including Best Art Direction, Best Sound Recording, Excellent Film and Excellent Director. A Japanese-Turkish co-production, the film was produced by Japan's Creators' Union and Toei Company together with Turkey's Böcek Yapım. It was released in Japan by Toei Company on December 5, 2015 and in Turkey by CGV Mars on December 25, 2015.


125 Years Memory, Plot, Ertuğrul episode
In the night of 16 September 1890, while returning from a goodwill visit to Japan, the Turkish frigate Ertuğrul is caught up in a typhoon and sinks in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Kushimoto, Wakayama. Hearing the alarm bell the villagers of Kashino, a poor fishing village on Kushimoto's island of Kii Oshima, rush to the shore. They are confronted with the grisly spectacle of vast numbers of dead and dying. With more than 500 crew members dead, it is the largest sea accident in history at that time.


125 Years Memory, Plot, Ertuğrul episode
Risking their own lives, the villagers are able to rescue 69 Turkish sailors. Tamura (Seiyo Uchino), a doctor living in Kashino village, and his assistant Haru (Shioli Kutsuna) treat the injured. In the wake of her life rescuing efforts Haru builds a special bond with Mustafa (Kenan Ece), an officer on the Ertuğrul. Although being very poor and having hardly to eat, the villagers share what little they have with strangers from a country 9,000 kilometers away.


125 Years Memory, Plot, Tehran episode
In the year 1985, during the Iran–Iraq War, Iraq announces an indiscriminate attack and to shoot down any aircraft over Iranian air space. Japanese ambassador Nomura (Toshiyuki Nagashima) requests rescue flights from Japan, but is told that a quick response is not possible. While evacuation flights from other nations are arriving, more than 300 Japanese are stranded in Tehran. Harumi (Shioli Kutsuna), a teacher at a Japanese school, prevails upon Nomura to ask the Turkish ambassador for help. Turkish prime minister Turgut Özal (Deniz Oral) decides to evacuate the Japanese.


125 Years Memory, Plot, Tehran episode
In the morning of 19 March, only a few hours before Iraq's ultimatum expires, a Turkish Airlines aircraft takes off for Tehran. Not only is Tehran already under heavy rocket fire. But the remaining Turks at Tehran Mehrabad Airport still need to be convinced that they won't be able to board their own country's evacuation flight. That's when Turkish embassy staff Murat (Kenan Ece) starts speaking out to his fellow citizens about the compassion and sacrifice Japanese villagers had shown to Turkish sailors shipwrecked far away a long time ago.


125 Years Memory, Background
The film was initiated by the residents of Kushimoto, a coastal town in Wakayama Prefecture where the first episode of the film takes place. For a very long time they wanted to make a film about the Ertuğrul story and thus send a message of friendship and peace to the rest of the world. To pursue their goal, Kushimoto mayor Katsumasa Tashima contacted film director Mitsutoshi Tanaka and the NPO Ertuğrul Saves the World was established in the city of Wakayama. After more than ten years of work the film was completed in 2015.


125 Years Memory, Reception, Box office
On its opening weekend in Japan, the film was fourth in both admissions, with 88,295, and gross, with US$856,650. On its second weekend, it dropped to seventh, again both in admissions and in gross, with US$638,625. On its third weekend, it was tenth placed in both admissions and gross, with US$336,824. The film grossed US$4.13 million in Japan and US$1.53 million in Turkey.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition
The following is a list of ammunition fired by the 125 mm smoothbore gun series used in the T-64, T-72, T-80, M-84, T-90, PT-91, T-14 Armata, and other tanks derived from those designs, as well as the 2A45 Sprut anti-tank gun.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T
Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot tracer or APFSDS-T rounds. Typically used against other modern tanks.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T
There are different ways to measure penetration value. NATO uses the 50% (This means that 50% of the shell had to go through the plate), while the Soviet/Russian standard is higher (80% had to go through). According to authorities like Paul Lakowski, the difference in performance can reach as much as 8%


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM6/3BM12/13
Entered service (estimated) in 1968. Essentially the same as the 3BM9 projectile with a tungsten carbide plug.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM8/3BM17/18
Entered service (estimated 1972). An export version of the 3BM-15 without the tungsten carbide plug. Hence, it is an all-steel penetrator with inferior performance.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM9/3BM22/23
Entered service 1976. Tungsten carbide penetrator core sheathed in steel. Enlarged cap help to increase positive normalization and hold a much larger penetrator.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM11/3BM26/27
Entered service 1983. Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy penetrator core sheathed in steel. Utilised new 4Zh63 high-energy propelling charge. Penetrator is base-installed to prevent deflection during penetration against multi-layered composite armour. Improved penetrator cap made of aluminium alloy.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM13/3BM32/33 (3BM32 "Vant")
Entered service in 1985. The projectile is an integrated depleted uranium-nickel-zinc alloy penetrator.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM17/3BM42 (3BM42 "Mango")
Entered service in 1986. The projectile is double tungsten alloy rod sheathed in low melting point alloy covered with steel, intended to increase penetration against non-explosive reactive armour (NERA) such as Chobham armour.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM19/3BM42M (3BM44M "Lekalo")
Entered service in 1994Utilising an improved penetrator and a new sabot. Reported to be tungsten alloy.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM20/3BM46 (3BM48 "Svinets")
Entered service in 1991. Utilising a new advanced high elongation uranium monoblock penetrator.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM22/3BM59 (3BM59 "Svinets-1")
Entered service : 2002. Utilising a new depleted uranium sabot. Used on 2A46M-5 with new autoloader.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM23/3BM60 (3BM60 "Svinets-2")
Entered service: 2002. Utilizes a new sabot design. Uses a Tungsten Alloy penetrator of increased length compared to previous generation Russian APFSDS ammunition. Used on 2A46M-5 with new autoloader.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM?/3BM69 "Vacuum-1"
Entered service in 2005Utilising a new sabot. Reported to be uranium alloy. For 2A82/2A82-1M cannon on T-80UM-2/T-14s.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, APFSDS-T, 3VBM?/3BM70 "Vacuum-2"
Entered service in 2005 utilising a new sabot. Reported to be tungsten alloy.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS
High-explosive anti-tank fin stabilized or HEAT-FS rounds. Typically used against lighter or older tanks and armoured personnel carriers.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS, 3VBK7/3BK12, 3BK12M
Entered service 1968, replacing steel liner with a copper liner. "M" means медь ("copper" in Russian) Uses 3V-15 detonator. Due to Soviet Union's copper economize policy production of the model is limited. Penetration performance claimed to be 10% higher than steel liner version.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS, 3VBK16/3BK18, 3BK18M
Improved warhead. Entered service estimated 1978, replacing steel liner with a copper liner. Improved wave-shaping booster.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS, 3VBK17/3BK21
Entered service estimated 1980. Enhancements to improve reliability of the copper jet formation.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS, 3VBK17/3BK21, 3BK21B
Entered service estimated 1982. "Material B" depleted uranium alloy liner to enhance penetration of advanced composite armours like Chobham.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS, 3VBK25/3BK29 "Breyk"
Entered service estimated 1988. A new type of explosive-filling was applied, which improved focusing of the jet stream.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HEAT-FS, 3VBK27/3BK31 "Start"
First seen publicly in 1998. Reportedly a triple charge warhead intended to reduce efficiency of NERA elements.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HE-frag-FS
High explosive fragmentation fin stabilised. General purpose rounds, for use against infantry, bunkers and light vehicles and other "soft" targets.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HE-frag-FS, 3VOF22/3OF19
Entered service in 1962. Uses the 3V-21 detonator (mass = 0.431 kg, reliability = 0.98). The 90% lethal zone for infantry is reported to be 40 m wide and 20 m deep.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HE-frag-FS, 3VOF36/3OF26
Entered service in 1970. Uses the 3V-21 detonator (mass = 0.431 kg, reliability = 0.98). The projectile creates between 600 and 2,000 fragments. The body is made up of 45Kh1 steel or 60S2 high-fragmentation steel for modern projectiles. Modern projectiles creates up to 2,500 effective fragments.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, HE-frag-FS, 3VOF128/3OF82
Entered service in 2014. Uses the 3VM-18 programmable detonator. The projectile contains 450 tungsten rods, each weighing 3 grams and creates 2,500 fragments in a cone formation ahead of the projectile when air burst mode is set. Air burst mode for use against infantry, light vehicles and helicopters, delayed mode use against bunkers and other constructions. Is currently used on the 2A46M-5 gun, mounted on the T-90M.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, Shrapnel-FS, 3VSh7/3Sh7 "Voron"
Entered service in 1975. Uses the 3VM-17 time detonator. For use against wide area infantry and light vehicles. Time of detonation setting is mechanical, for modernization, the shell fuze could be set automatically by improved "Ainet" systems or "Kalina" systems, which are available on the T-90K commander tank or the regular main battle tanks such as the T-90A, T-90M, T-80UA, and the T-14 Armata main battle tank.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, Shrapnel-FS, 3VSh8/3Sh8 "Ainet"
Entered service in 1988. Uses the 3VM-12 programmable detonator. A part of Remote detonation system "Ainet" on T-80UK commander tank.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, ATGW/ATGM, 9M112 Kobra
The 9K112 Kobra (NATO reporting name is AT-8 Songster) is also fired from the 125 mm main guns of the T-64 and T-80 series of tanks


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, ATGW/ATGM, 9M119 Refleks
The 9M119 Svir and 9M119M Refleks (NATO reporting name: AT-11 Sniper) anti-tank guided missile has semi-automatic laser beam-riding guidance and a tandem hollow-charge HEAT warhead. It has an effective range of 75 m to 5000 m, and takes 17.6 seconds to reach maximum range. Refleks can penetrate about 900 millimetres (35 in) of steel armour and can also engage low-flying air targets such as helicopters.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, ATGW/ATGM, 3UBK21 Sprinter
Designed for the 2A82-1M gun on T-14 Armata tanks, the 3UBK21 Sprinter has  millimeter wave SACLOS guidance and a tandem shaped-charge HEAT warhead. It has an effective range of 50 m to 12000 m. and can penetrate 950 millimetres (37 in) of steel armour after explosive reactive armour. It can also engage low-flying air targets such as helicopters.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, Guided shell, Sokol-1
The Sokol-1 guided shell is fired from the 125 mm main gun, it borrowed design from the 152mm artillery shell 3OF75 Santimetr-M and both have very similar appearance, but with an added shaped charge cap into its design similar to the M712 Copperhead, intended to defeat heavily armoured targets. It uses the technique that is referred to as the Russian concept of impulse corrections (RCIC), an impulse steering flight control system to correct the projectile's trajectory.


125 mm smoothbore ammunition, Guided shell, 3UBK14F1/9M119F1
The 3UBK14F1 guided shell is fired from the 125 mm main gun, its design was modified from 9M119 missile, removing the rocket motor and replacing it with an extra Thermobaric warhead, turning it into a guided shell. Its range was decreased to 3.5 km, and it is claimed to be three times the explosive power of regular thermobaric variant 125 mm guided missiles.


125 series
The 125 series (125系, 125-kei) is a single-car DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) on local services in Japan since March 2003.


125 series, Design
The 125 series design is based on the 223-2000 series EMU design, with stainless bodies and steel front ends.


125 series, Design
The cars have two pairs of sliding doors on each side, with provision for a third set of doors in the centre.


125 series, Design
The second-batch cars (KuMoHa 125-9–12) delivered in 2003 differ from the earlier batch by having enlarged front-end skirts and darker grey tinted windows.


125 series, Operations
The 125 series is used on wanman driver-only operation services, primarily on the Obama Line and Kakogawa Line.


125 series, Operations
Up to five single cars can be operated together as a multiple car set.


125 series, Formation
Cars KuMoHa 125-7/8/11/12 are equipped with a second de-icing pantograph.


125 series, Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating at the ends, and 2+2 abreast transverse reversible seating in the centre of the cars. The first two batches of cars (KuMoHa 125-1–12) were delivered with 1+2 abreast seating, but this was increased to 2+2 seating during 2003 and 2004.


125 series, History
The first eight cars (KuMoHa 125-1–8) were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in December 2002 for entry into service from 15 March 2003 on the newly electrified 84.3 km Obama Line between Tsuruga and Higashi-Maizuru. These sets were initially allocated to Fukuchiyama Depot, but were subsequently transferred to Tsuruga Depot.


125 series, History
Four more cars (KuMoHa 125-9–12) were built in September 2004 for entry into service from 19 December 2004 on the newly electrified 48.5 km Kakogawa Line between Kakogawa and Tanikawa.


125 series, History
A further six cars (KuMoHa 125-13–18) were built in September 2006 to coincide with the conversion of Tsuruga area services from 20 kV AC to 1,500 DC electrification from 21 October 2006.


1250
Year 1250 (MCCL) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1250 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1250 kHz: 1250 AM is a Regional broadcast frequency.


1250 Galanthus
1250 Galanthus, provisional designation 1933 BD, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 January 1933, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory. The asteroid was named for the herbaceous plant Galanthus, also known as "snowdrop".


1250 Galanthus, Orbit and classification
Galanthus is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 1.9–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,488 days; semi-major axis of 2.55 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg the night after its official discovery observation.


1250 Galanthus, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In the early 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of Galanthus was obtained during a survey conducted by Richard P. Binzel at the McDonald Observatory, Texas. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.92 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 magnitude (U=3). The period was confirmed from photometric observations by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in October 2015, which gave a similar period of 3.918 hours and an amplitude of 0.22 magnitude (U=2).


1250 Galanthus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Galanthus measures between 17.18 and 21.00 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.06.


1250 Galanthus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0500 and a diameter of 21.0 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.26.


1250 Galanthus, Naming
This minor planet was named after the herbaceous plant Galanthus, also known as "snowdrop". The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 115).


1250 Galanthus, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1250 Poydras Plaza
1250 Poydras Plaza (also known as the Eni Building and formerly the Mobil Building), is a high-rise international-style office building located at 1250 Poydras Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana. It has 24 stories, and stands at a height of 342 feet (104 m).


1250 Poydras Plaza
In June 2010, the Unified Command moved its headquarters from the Dutch Royal Shell Conference Center in Robert, Louisiana, to the building to deal with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.


1250 René-Lévesque
1250, boulevard René-Lévesque is a 226-metre (741 ft), 47-storey skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The building was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates for IBM Canada and Marathon Realty, hence the former name "IBM-Marathon Tower". It is now named for its address at 1250 René Lévesque Boulevard West, in the Ville-Marie borough of Downtown Montreal. It is adjacent to the Bell Centre and Windsor Station to the south, and stands on the site of the former American Presbyterian Church. It is connected to the Bonaventure metro station and the underground city network.


1250 René-Lévesque
1250 is currently owned and managed by global real estate investor, developer and owner BentallGreenOak.


1250 René-Lévesque, Architecture
1250 René-Lévesque's architecture is based on another skyscraper by Kohn Pedersen Fox, the 51-story Westend Tower in Frankfurt, Germany. The design is partly dictated by the building's position at the former western edge of the downtown core, with its shape forming a boundary between the commercial center and the historically residential periphery (though since the building's construction the downtown area has advanced southwestward). As such it has a markedly rectangular footprint, being very elongated on a north-south axis.


1250 René-Lévesque, Architecture
Like its Frankfurt counterpart, emphasis is given to the east and west façades, which have opposed yet complementary appearances that strongly relate to the urban area they face. The modern-style western façade, facing the historically low-rise residential periphery, is a straight granite-clad wall covered with square windows, with irregular setbacks creating the appearance of several superimposed slabs. Conversely the postmodern-style eastern façade, facing the commercial center, is dominated by an outwardly-curved glass curtain wall that extends past the southern edge, creating a suspended vertical "fin" that emphasizes the structure's impression of lightness and thrust.


1250 René-Lévesque, Architecture
The narrow north wall recesses in a series of setbacks, allowing the building to keep its human scale at street level. At the lowest setback, the 4-floor atrium includes a bamboo-planted winter garden, and a food court on a mezzanine. At the building top, a spire/antenna is integrated to the north walls of the last few floors and extends 31 metres beyond the mechanical penthouse above the 47th floor.


1250 René-Lévesque, Architecture
Montreal's downtown area is now expanding southwest of the building (that formally was an unofficial downtown "boundary"), with the two towers of the  Cité du commerce électronique in the west. The height of those towers increases towards the 1250 and the city center, creating a "staircase effect" in the skyline.


1250 in Scotland
Events from the year 1250 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1250s
The 1250s decade ran from January 1, 1250, to December 31, 1259.


1250s BC
The 1250s BC is a decade which lasted from 1259 BC to 1250 BC.


1250s in art
The decade of the 1250s in art involved some significant events.


1251
Year 1251 (MCCLI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1251 Avenue of the Americas
1251 Avenue of the Americas, formerly known as the Exxon Building, is a skyscraper on Sixth Avenue (also known as Avenue of the Americas), between 49th and 50th Streets, in Manhattan, New York City. It is owned by Mitsui Fudosan. The structure is built in the international style and looks like a simple cuboid devoid of any ornamentation. The vertical façade consists of alternating narrow glass and limestone stripes. The glass stripes are created by windows and opaque spandrels, forming continuous areas that are washed by machines sliding down the façade.


1251 Avenue of the Americas
A seven-floor base wraps around the western portion of the building, and there is a sunken plaza with a large two-tier pool and fountains facing Sixth Avenue. In the plaza stands the bronze statue named Out to Lunch by John Seward Johnson II—of the same series as the one standing outside 270 Park Avenue.


1251 Avenue of the Americas, Background
The building was part of the later Rockefeller Center expansion (1960s–1970s) dubbed the "XYZ Buildings". Their plans were first drawn in 1963 by the Rockefeller family's architect, Wallace Harrison, of the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz. Their letters correspond to their height. 1251 Avenue of the Americas is the "X" Building as it is the tallest at 750 ft (229 m) and 54 stories, and was the first completed, in 1971. The "Y" is 1221 Avenue of the Americas, which was the second tower completed (1973) and is the second in height (674 ft and 51 stories). The "Z" Building, the shortest and the youngest, is 1211 Avenue of the Americas with 45 stories (592 ft). 1251 is the second-tallest building in the whole of Rockefeller Center, after 30 Rockefeller Plaza.


1251 Avenue of the Americas, Background
Despite being one of the 100 tallest buildings in the United States, 1251 Avenue of the Americas is almost impossible to see from more than just a few blocks away as it is flanked on all sides by buildings over 500 feet tall. The result is that even though 1251 Avenue of the Americas is approximately as tall as the tallest buildings in cities such as Boston or Minneapolis, it has almost no presence on the New York City skyline.


1251 Avenue of the Americas, Background
In 1989, Exxon announced that it was moving its headquarters and around 300 employees from New York City to the Las Colinas area of Irving, Texas. Exxon sold the Exxon Building, its former headquarters, to a unit of Mitsui Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. in 1986 for $610 million. John Walsh, president of Exxon subsidiary Friendswood Development Company, stated that Exxon left New York because the costs were too high. Its New York offices moved to Brooklyn; it no longer retains a presence in Rockefeller Center.


1251 Avenue of the Americas, Background
In May 2013, the structure received silver certification under the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED for Existing Buildings Rating System.


1251 Avenue of the Americas, Art
Inside, on the western end of 1251's atrium hangs an artist-authorized replica of a tapestry Pablo Picasso created for the ballet Mercure, the original of which hangs in the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, France. It was created specifically for the building, as per the plaque beneath it.


1251 Hedera
1251 Hedera (prov. designation: 1933 BE) is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 25 January 1933, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named for the climbing plant Hedera, commonly known as "ivy".


1251 Hedera, Orbit and classification
Hedera is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,636 days; semi-major axis of 2.72 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as A907 GD at Heidelberg in April 1907. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, the night after its official discovery observation.


1251 Hedera, Naming
This minor planet was named after the evergreen woody plant Hedera ("ivy") a genus of climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the aralia family (ivy family). The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 115).


1251 Hedera, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1251 Hedera, Physical characteristics
Hedera is an E-type and X-type asteroid in the Tholen and SMASS classification, respectively.


1251 Hedera, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Hedera have been obtained from photometric observations since 2007. Best-rated lightcurve by Julian Oey at Kingsgrove and Leura observatories, Australia, gave a rotation period of 19.9000 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.41 and 0.61 magnitude (U=3-).


1251 Hedera, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
Modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD) and the robotic BlueEye600 Observatory, gave a concurring period of 19.9020 hours, Both studies determined two spin axes of (124.0°, −70.0°) and (266.0°, −62.0°), as well as (271.0°, −53.0°) and (115.0°, −62.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1251 Hedera, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Hedera measures 13.239 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.636.


1251 Hedera, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 44.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.50.


1252
Year 1252 (MCCLII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1252 Celestia
1252 Celestia, provisional designation 1933 DG, is a stony asteroid from the Palladian region, located in the central asteroid belt. It was discovered on 19 February 1933, by astronomer Fred Whipple at the Oak Ridge Observatory operated by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Massachusetts, United States. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.6 hours and measures approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was named after the discoverer's mother, Celestia MacFarland Whipple.


1252 Celestia, Orbit and classification
According to a synthetic HCM-analysis by Nesvorný, Celestia is a member of the Pallas family (801), a small asteroid family of less than 200 known members with inclined orbits. The family is named after 2 Pallas. However, in a HCM-analysis by Milani and Knežević, Celestia belongs to the background population.


1252 Celestia, Orbit and classification
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,615 days; semi-major axis of 2.69 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 34° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at the Yerkes Observatory in April 1933, or two months after its official discovery observation at Oak Ridge.


1252 Celestia, Naming
This minor planet was named after the mother of the discoverer, Celestia MacFarland Whipple. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 115).


1252 Celestia, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen and SMASS classification, Celestia is a common stony S-type asteroid, while in SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), it is a Sl-subtype that transitions from the S-type to the L-type asteroids. Celestia's stony spectral type does not agree with those determined for the members of the Pallas family, which are typically "bright" carbonaceous B-type asteroids.


1252 Celestia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In February and March 1195, a rotational lightcurve of Celestia was obtained from photometric observations at the Paul Feder Observatory by Walter Worman of Moorhead State University. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 10.636 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (U=3). An alternative period determination by René Roy of 12 hours was based on a fragmentary lightcurve and received a poor rating (U=1).


1252 Celestia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Celestia measures between 17.39 and 21.56 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.167 and 0.2573. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.2573 and a diameter of 17.39 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.89.


1253
Year 1253 (MCCLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1253 Frisia
1253 Frisia, provisional designation 1931 TV1, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1931, the asteroid was later named after the region of Frisia and the Frisian Islands.


1253 Frisia, Discovery
Frisia was discovered on 9 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. It was independently discovered by Soviet astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 6 November 1931. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg eleven days after its official discovery observation.


1253 Frisia, Orbit and classification
Frisia is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602), a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,054 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.


1253 Frisia, Physical characteristics
Frisia is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid, which corresponds to the overall spectral type of the Themis family.


1253 Frisia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In November 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Frisia was obtained by astronomers at the University of North Dakota (730) and the Badlands Observatory in North Dakota, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.557 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude (U=2). Photometric observations in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in September 2011, gave a somewhat similar period of 18.500 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=2).


1253 Frisia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Frisia measures between 19.09 and 24.00 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.0839.


1253 Frisia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 18.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.


1253 Frisia, Naming
This minor planet was named after region of Frisia and its Frisian Islands, located on the southeastern coast of the North Sea. The region is the homeland of the Frisian people and mostly part of the Netherlands but its islands stretch along the coast up to Germany and Denmark. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 115).


1254
Year 1254 (MCCLIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1254 papal election
The 1254 papal election (11–12 December) took place following the death of Pope Innocent IV and ended with the choice of Raynaldus de' Conti, who took the name Pope Alexander IV. The election was held in Naples, in the former palazzo of Pietro della Vigna, and required only one day.


1254 papal election
Innocent IV (Fieschi), who was elected on 25 June 1243, after a vacancy that had lasted more than nineteen months, undertook as his most important task the destruction of Frederick II, who had been excommunicated by his predecessor Gregory IX (Ugo dei Conti di Segni) on 20 March 1239, and by numerous other cardinals and bishops. He was compelled to flee from Rome on 7 June 1244; he reached Genoa on 7 July, suffering from a fever and dysentery. There he remained until October, 1244, when he crossed the Alps, reaching Lyons at the end of November.


1254 papal election
There he remained, living in exile, until the middle of April 1251. He held a church council at Lyons in 1245, with some 150 bishops, a disappointing number, and issued an order deposing Frederick from the Imperial throne, and his son Conrad as well. Louis IX of France attempted to mediate a peace, but was unsuccessful. Both parties wanted blood. There was even an assassination attempt against the life of Frederick, led by Tibaldo Francesco, a former Podestà of Parma, who had been promised the Crown of Sicily (Only the Pope can invest a person with the fief of Sicily).


1254 papal election
When Frederick discovered the plot, 150 people were executed. In May, 1246, a new King of the Romans was elected in opposition to Frederick with the active support of the Pope, Henry Raspe Landgraf of Thurungia. Henry managed to defeat Conrad in battle at Nidda in August 1246, but death prevented him from following up on his success. A new emperor, William of Holland, was likewise elected, in October 1247, but he was defeated by Conrad in 1250.


1254 papal election
Frederick's best friend, Peter de la Vigne, was accused of attempting to assassinate Frederick through poison; he was tried and blinded, but before he could be confined for life (or worse), he committed suicide (1249). Frederick insisted that the moving force behind the plot had been the Pope. While campaigning in Italy, Frederick died of dysentery on 13 December 1250. He left the crown of Sicily, his initial inheritance, to his son Conrad IV, and, failing him, to his son Henry; or, if Henry was unavailable, in the last event to his legitimized son Manfred. Pope Innocent was impelled to eject the Hohenstaufen, and offered the rule to Richard of Cornwall, the brother of King Henry III of England, both before and after the death of Conrad, and then to Charles d'Anjou, the brother of Louis IX of France.


1254 papal election
Next April, Innocent began his homeward journey, by sea from Marseille to Genoa; he spent the summer in Lombardy, and arrived in Bologna in mid-October, 1251. He reached Perugia at the beginning of November, 1251, where he resided until the end of April, 1253, when he moved to Assisi. He left Assisi at the beginning of October, 1253, and finally reached Rome by 12 October. He stayed at the Lateran, until the end of April, 1254, when he returned to Assisi for the rest of the spring. He travelled next to Anagni, arriving by 2 June, where he stayed until 8 October, when he made a visit to Montecassino, Capua and Naples. He died in Naples on 7 December 1254.


1254 papal election
But Innocent IV had not returned to Italy in 1251, to enjoy the peace and happiness consequent on the death of the Church's great enemy. The Church had been seriously damaged during the war between Frederick and Gregory IX and then Frederick and Innocent IV. Already in 1246, if Matthew of Paris is to be believed, there was a confrontation between Innocent and Cardinal Johannes Toletanus, who was defending the English who were refusing to pay the Pope's exorbitant tax demands, even under threat of interdict. Toletanus wrote:


1254 papal election
May God forgive you your wrath, Lord, if I may speak frankly, you should try to control your wild temper, since the times are so bad. The Holy Land has difficulties; the Greek Church is moving away from us; Frederick, who is equal to or more powerful than any Christian prince, opposes us. You and we, who are the support of the Church, are driven from the seat of the papacy, from Rome, and even from Italy. Hungary, with its great territory, awaits its destruction at the hands of the Turk. Germany is torn with civil war.


1254 papal election
Spain is raging to the length of cutting out the tongues of bishops. France, already impoverished by us, is conspiring against us. England, frequently troubled by our injuries, now at length wounded by our blows and injured by our spurs, like Balaam's ass speaks and protests and complains that its burden is intolerable and that its injury is beyond remedy. We, like the Jews, hated by all, provoke all to hate us.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
Innocent had a major reconstructive task ahead of him, to recover the lands and goods of the Church, and to reinvigorate the hierarchy in Lombardy, Tuscany and the Kingdom of Naples. It would have to be pressed forward in the face of the opposition of Frederick's sons. As Innocent arrived in Bologna, Conrad, having arranged his affairs for the present in Germany, crossed the Brenner Pass, stopped at Verona and then at Goito, where he met the Imperial Vicars for Italy. The affairs of Lombardy were put in order for the moment.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
Whatever Innocent had been able to achieve during his tour of Lombardy was nullified. Conrad then took ship and arrived at Siponto in January 1252. A diet was held in Frederick's capital of Foggia in February, 1252, where he worked to please the people, win over the barons, and do what he could to enter into friendly relations with the Universities at Naples and Salerno. The business was especially delicate since he had to deal with his younger brother Manfred, who had been regent of the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily for Frederick, and was still the powerful Prince of Taranto.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
In October 1253, Naples fell to Conrad. It was the last Hohenstaufen possession to hold out against the brothers. But suspicion between brothers caused Conrad to strip Manfred of nearly all of his gains, except the Principality of Taranto, which had been left him by his father the Emperor Frederick. Conrad, however, died suddenly, of malaria, on 21 May 1254.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
On 8 October, Pope Innocent set off to the south, with a papal army commanded by his nephew, the Legate Cardinal Guglielmo Fieschi, intent upon putting an end to Manfred and end once and for all the Hohenstaufen threat to the Papacy. On 23 October 1254, Innocent, who was at Capua at the time, detached Amalfi from its traditional obedience to the Kings of Sicily and received it directly into his own power. This was a direct threat to Manfred and his control of the Kingdom of Naples.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
On 26 October, Manfred fled from Teano, whose loyalty was doubtful, and fled to his loyal Saracens in the town of Lucera. At Lucera he had access to the Imperial treasury, with which he could pay his troops. From Lucera he led an army, principally composed of Germans (and deserters from the papal army), against the papal army. The armies met at Foggia on 2 December, and the Papal army was soundly defeated. Four thousand papal mercenaries were killed. Cardinal Guglielmo fled to Naples.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
Five days after the battle, on the Feast of S. Andrew, 7 December, around the time of Vespers, Innocent IV himself died, attended by the spiritual ministrations of Cardinal Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni. He and the Papal Curia had been staying in Naples, the Pope occupying the palazzo that had once belonged to Frederick II's secretary, Peter de la Vigne.


1254 papal election, Innocent, Conrad, and Manfred
The only evidence of the cause of his death comes from , who states that, on the road from Capua to Naples, the Pope suffered a sudden and sharp attack of pleurisy, which could have had any of a number of causes. Remarkably for the times, poison is not mentioned. He was treated by Cardinal John of Toledo, to no avail. On 8 December, the body was buried in the Cathedral of Naples.


1254 papal election, Election
The first to react to the disaster at Foggia was the Podesta of the city of Naples, Beretholinus Tavernerius, a citizen of Parma. He had the gates of the city closed immediately. It is said that he did this to prevent the cardinals from leaving the city and taking the Election anywhere else. This was not done out of anything so inane as city pride. He knew that Manfred was likely to attempt to capitalize on his unexpected victory, and that Naples would be the prime target.


1254 papal election, Election
It would require a pope, around whom the troops could rally, by whom the troops could be paid, whose troops would defend Naples as long as the Pope and Roman Curia were in residence. Closing the gates was not a step leading to the idea of a Conclave, but only a wise and prudent measure to defend everyone's best interests by getting a pope as soon as possible.


1254 papal election, Election
News was brought to the remains of the papal army at Ariano that the Pope was dead, by certain cardinals (perhaps including Ottobono Fieschi whose family had much to lose and perhaps much to gain), who advised that the Legate, Cardinal Gulielmo Fieschi, should join them to elect a pope. They therefore left Ariano as quickly as possible and made for Naples. When they arrived, they were escorted to the tomb of Pope Innocent, and afterward to the palazzo where, with the rest of the Cardinals, they were enclosed.


1254 papal election, Election
The Mass of the Holy Spirit was sung on Friday morning, 11 December, and the ten Cardinals who were in Naples settled down to negotiate. Next morning, 12 December, around the third hour of the day, they reached agreement on their senior Cardinal Bishop, Raynaldus de' Conti, who chose the name Alexander IV. He was probably crowned on Sunday, 20 December 1254. The Interregnum had lasted only five days, according to Nicholas de Curbio, an eyewitness.


1254 papal election, Election
There is an alternate story. It comes from the pen of , O. Min., of Parma, who was a personal friend and sometimes host of Cardinal Ottaviano Fieschi. According to Fra Salimbene's account, the Election immediately ran into a stalemate. This is not unlikely. But Fra Salimbene alleges that the Cardinals chose to employ the rare option, that of the Way of Compromise.


1254 papal election, Election
He also says that the papal mantle was placed on the shoulders of Cardinal de' Conti by Cardinal Ottaviano Fieschi; this is unusual since the privilege of investing the new pope with the mantle belongs to the senior Cardinal-deacon, who was not Cardinal Ottaviano. Perhaps we are invited by Fra Salimbene to assume that Cardinal Ottaviano was the one who made the Compromise choice. But it can also be imagined that this tale of Fra Salimbene was one told in front of a fire in a monastic refectory, during a cardinalatial visit to Parma.


1254 papal election, Election
The tale takes no account of the Nicholas de Curbio account, and he was an eyewitness. It likewise flies in the face of the electoral manifesto, Quia fragilis, of Pope Alexander IV, which indicates that the problem was actually to get him to agree to accept the Papacy. In truth, it was a perilous position to be in.


1254 papal election, Cardinals, 1254
Pope Innocent IV had created fifteen cardinals during his reign; six died while he was still Pope. Three cardinals survived from previous reigns.


1254 papal election, Aftermath
Cardinal Guglielmo Fieschi's career seems to have ended. He was replaced as Legate with the papal army by Cardinal Ottavio Ubaldini, who was also named Papal Vicar in Calabria and Sicily on 16 January 1255. Manfred's career, as Regent for his brother's infant son, Conradin, blossomed. After the victory at Foggia he conquered or reincorporated into his Kingdom of Sicily Barletta, Venusia, Acherunta, Rapolla, Amalfi, Trani and Bari. Cardinal Ottaviano's mission was to raise an army to oppose him.


1254 papal election, Aftermath
Manfred's initial impulse was to avoid contact with the Papal Court, lest any initiative of his might be taken, in the city of Naples and throughout the Kingdom of Sicily, as a sign of weakness. He resisted the advice offered to him by Thomas of Acerno and Richard Filangeli to open negotiations for a peace.


1254 papal election, Aftermath
The situation changed, however, when a bishop arrived from the Papal Court, with orders to cite Manfred to appear at the Curia by 2 February 1255, the Feast of the Purification, to answer charges of the murder of Burrellus of Anglono and of the injury done by the expulsion of the Papal Legate (Cardinal Guglielmo Fieschi) and the papal army of Apulia.


1254 papal election, Aftermath
The canonical period in which the citation had to be responded to makes it clear that Pope Alexander IV had taken the decision to pursue Manfred rather than seek peace with him shortly after his Coronation (20 December 1254). Manfred replied in writing, excusing himself on the grounds that it was for the sake of his nephew, and not in opposition to the Roman Church, that he had done what was charged. He continued to refuse to send personal ambassadors to the Pope, and he certainly had no intention of appearing in Naples personally.


1254 papal election, Aftermath
That would be suicidal—a fact which is a valid rejoinder to the canonical requirement of personal appearance. A papal Notary who was friendly to Manfred, Master Jordanus of Terracina, however, advised that he send ambassadors nonetheless. Eventually Manfred gave way and sent ambassadors to Naples, but when they got to the Papal Court they found that the Pope had already appointed Cardinal Ubaldini as Legate and that Ubaldini had begun to raise an army. Clearly, peace was not part of papal policy, and judicial purgation of crimes nothing but a pretext.


1254 papal election, Aftermath
In choosing the course of confrontation with Manfred rather than conciliation, Pope Alexander IV had decided to continue the activist policy of Innocent IV, set in motion in 1251 when he returned to Italy, of completely rooting out the Hohenstaufen from Italy and Sicily. This policy would have consequences for the next thirty years and more. The resistance to Conrad, then Manfred, then Conradin, did not end until 1268, and then only at the cost of bringing the Angevin Charles, brother of Louis IX of France, to rule the Kingdom of Naples.


1254th Air Transport Wing
The 1254th Air Transport Wing was a United States Air Force unit, existing between 1948 and 1966. It was last stationed at Andrews AFB, Maryland.


1254th Air Transport Wing
The 1254th Air Transport Wing was a wing of the Military Air Transport Service (MATS) which was first organized as a squadron in 1948. The mission of the 1254th Air Transport Wing was to manage the MATS Special Air Mission fleet of aircraft for Very Important Persons (VIP)s in the Washington, D.C. area. The wing reported directly to MATS Headquarters after 1952. It was discontinued on 8 January 1966.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History
For the history of Special Air Missions after 1966 see 89th Airlift Wing


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, Origins
In 1944 Air Transport Command (ATC) organized the 503d AAF Base Unit at Washington National Airport, Virginia and assigned it to its North Atlantic Division. The unit replaced the 26th Transport Group and the Washington National Airport Staff Squadron. Because of its frequent transport of high-ranking passengers, the unit was referred to as the "Brass Hat Squadron." The 503d operated the first airplane designated as a presidential plane, the Douglas VC-54C known as the "Sacred Cow." This aircraft was used by Presidents Roosevelt and Truman. It took President Roosevelt to the Yalta Conference in 1945.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, Origins
On 26 July 1947, President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 while on board this plane. This act established the Air Force as an independent service, making the Sacred Cow the "birthplace" of the USAF. In 1947 the unit began to operate the Douglas VC-118 named "Independence" after President Truman's home town as the primary presidential airplane.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Squadron
On 1 June 1948 Military Air Transport Service (MATS) replaced ATC. MATS organized the 16th Air Transport Squadron at Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts. The squadron moved to Washington National Airport, Virginia on 1 September. Its mission was to provide air transportation for high-ranking United States government officials, and for designated individuals of foreign dignitaries visiting the United States. The Squadron also sent aircraft to Europe in support of the Berlin Airlift. In October the squadron was redesignated the 1254th Air Transport Squadron. From 1949 to 1951 the squadron also trained an attached Air Force Reserve unit, the 8522d Air Transport Squadron.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Squadron
In October 1950, President Truman flew a Lockheed VC-121 Constellation, also named "Independence" to the Wake Island Conference to meet with General Douglas MacArthur to confer on the progress of the Korean War.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Group
The squadron was expanded to group status on 1 August 1952. The following month, the 1111th Special Air Missions Squadron at Bolling Air Force Base, District of Columbia was transferred to MATS from Headquarters Command, redesignated the 1299th Air Transport Squadron (Special Missions) and assigned to the group, In January 1953 1298th Air Transport Squadrons (Special Missions) was organized under the group at Washington National.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Group
On 1 March 1957 the group was assigned two Bell H-13J helicopters, the first rotary wing aircraft assigned. The H-13s initial mission was to provide short range air transportation for the President to an alternate location in the event of an emergency evacuation. These helicopters remained on alert to perform this mission.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Group
In 1959 the group became the first USAF unit to operate jet aircraft for the transportation of personnel when it accepted three VC-137As. One of the more unusual passengers carried by the wing was Soviet prime minister Nikita Khrushchev who was transported on one of these aircraft during his 1959 tour of the United States.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Wing
The unit expanded to wing size and in 1961 all its units moved to Andrews Air Force Base from National Airport and Bolling.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Wing
VC-137C 62-6000 was used for Presidential transport during the Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon Administrations. It was the first aircraft popularly known as Air Force One. It was famously flown to Dallas, Texas, 22 November 1963.    it was on this aircraft that Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into office as the President of the United States, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and returned the body of President Kennedy to Washington, D.C. that evening.


1254th Air Transport Wing, History, 1254th Wing
With the inactivation of Military Air Transport Service, the 1254th Air Transport Wing was discontinued on 8 January 1966 and its personnel and equipment were reassigned to 89th Military Airlift Wing (MAW) of Military Airlift Command. Its 1298th Air Transport Squadron was replaced by the 98th Military Airlift Squadron and its 1299th Air Transport Squadron by the 99th Military Airlift Squadron. Because this was a MAJCON to AFCON unit conversion, the 89th wing and 98th and 99th squadrons were entitled to retain the honors (but not the history or lineage) of their predecessors. Following this provision 89th adopted the 1254th's emblem as its own on 28 April 1966.


1254th Air Transport Wing, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


1255
Year 1255 (MCCLV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1255 Schilowa
1255 Schilowa, provisional designation 1932 NC, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 July 1932, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 29.5 hours. It was named after Mariya Zhilova (Schilowa), who was Russia's first professional female astronomer.


1255 Schilowa, Orbit and classification
Schilowa is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,036 days; semi-major axis of 3.14 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.


1255 Schilowa, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first observed as A905 UC at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1905. The body's observation arc began one week later at Heidelberg in November 1905, almost 27 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1255 Schilowa, Naming
This minor planet was named after Mariya Vasilyevna Zhilova (1870–1934), also known Mariya Shilova or Schilowa, a Russian astronomer at the Pulkovo Observatory near Saint Petersburg. She was Russia's first professional female astronomer and awarded for her work on celestial mechanics by the Russian Astronomical Society in 1905. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 115).