12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Jordan and Syria
On 30 September, about 9 mi (15 km) from their objective, the 12th, along with the 4th, mounted a charge at Kaukab. Forming up with the 4th on their left, the regiment attacked across a maize field towards a spur near the Jebel es Aswad, advancing on a position that they believed was strongly held. In the end, the defenders did not fire a shot before withdrawing and the Australians took the position without suffering a casualty, capturing 12 machine-guns and taking 22 prisoners.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Jordan and Syria
The 12th then spent the night south-west of the city and the following day, 1 October 1918, it was one of the first Australian units to enter Damascus, sending patrols in ahead of the main advance. A period of guard duty followed before the regiment was withdrawn to the city's outskirts, suffering heavily from illness. Shortly after this, on 30 October, while the regiment was moving towards Homs, the Armistice of Mudros came into effect, ending the fighting.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Disbandment
Following the end of the war, the 12th Light Horse Regiment remained in the Middle East for a number of months, during which time, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Phillip Chambers, they were used to suppress the 1919 Egyptian Uprising. During the uprising, the 12th carried out security operations to protect infrastructure in the Ismailia area. As the situation was resolved, the regiment handed back its stores and equipment in preparation for repatriation back to Australia and most of their horses were transferred to the Australian Remount Depot at Moascar.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Disbandment
Due to concerns about costs, availability of shipping and quarantine restrictions, the decision was made that the horses would not be returned to Australia, but that they would be sold to the British Indian Army for further service, or to local Egyptians. According to Hollis, though, many were also put down by the troopers due to concerns they might be mistreated.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Disbandment
Mid -morning on 22 July the 12th Light Horse Regiment's personnel embarked upon the transport Morvada at Kantara. Cruising via Colombo, in Ceylon, the regiment made landfall at Fremantle on 17 August 1919. There the men were granted a brief period of leave before the ship continued on to Sydney. After stops at Adelaide and Melbourne, they arrived on 28 August, and the regiment was disbanded.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Disbandment
During the war, the regiment lost 67 men killed and 401 men wounded. Members of the regiment received the following decorations: three Distinguished Service Orders (DSOs) and one Bar; five Military Crosses with one Bar; nine Distinguished Conduct Medals with one Bar; 14 Military Medals and 17 Mentions in Despatches. Two members of the regiment, Major Eric Hyman and Major Cuthbert Fetherstonhaugh, were nominated for the Victoria Cross for their involvement in the fighting around Beersheba. The awards were never approved and instead they both received the DSO.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Inter-war years and subsequent service
In 1921, the Citizens Force was reorganised to replicate the numerical designations of the AIF units and perpetuate their honours and traditions. As a result, the 12th Light Horse Regiment was re-raised in the New England region of New South Wales and headquartered at Armidale. In re-forming, the regiment drew lineage from the Citizens Forces' 12th (New England) Light Horse, which had existed parallel to the AIF light horse regiment and had remained in Australia during the war. This regiment, through a complex series of reorganisations, traced its lineage to the 6th Australian Light Horse Regiment, which had been raised in 1903 and perpetuated units that had contributed personnel to fight in South Africa during the Boer War.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Inter-war years and subsequent service
During this time, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, along with the 15th and 16th Light Horse Regiments. In 1927, when territorial designations were adopted, the 12th Light Horse Regiment became known as the "New England Light Horse". At the same time, the regiment adopted the motto of Virtutis Fortuna Comes ("Fortune is the Companion of Valour"). Initially, the strength of part-time units was maintained through both voluntary and compulsory service, but after the election of the Scullin Labor government in 1929–30, compulsory service ended and the Citizens Force was replaced with the all-volunteer "Militia". The economic hardships of the Great Depression and reduced training opportunities resulted in a decline in the number of volunteers and consequently a number units were disbanded or amalgamated.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Inter-war years and subsequent service
Amidst the austerity of the inter-war years, the regiment remained in existence until 1 October 1936 when it was merged with the 24th (Gwydir) Light Horse to form the 12th/24th Light Horse. These two units were later delinked in 1938 as the Militia was expanded following increased political tensions in Europe. In March 1942, during the Second World War, the 12th Light Horse was converted to a motor regiment, known as the 12th Motor Regiment. In September 1942, it was redesignated the 12th Armoured Car Regiment, and assigned to the 3rd Armoured Division.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Inter-war years and subsequent service
During this period a process of mechanisation resulted in the last of the light horse units giving up their horses. Throughout 1943, the Australian Army was faced with a manpower shortage and as the Japanese threat to mainland Australia decreased many Militia armoured units were broken up and their personnel sent to other units as reinforcements. As a result, the regiment was disbanded on 19 October 1943, having only undertaken garrison duty within Australia.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), History, Inter-war years and subsequent service
When Australia's part-time military force was reformed in 1948 as the Citizens Military Force, the regiment was not re-raised in its own right, although an amalgamated unit known as the 12th/16th Hunter River Lancers was established. Through this unit the 12th Light Horse Regiment's honours and traditions are perpetuated.


12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Commanding officers
The following is a list of the 12th Light Horse Regiment's commanding officers from 1915 to 1919:


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile)
12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile) - 12ª Bda Inf L (Amv) is a major elite unit of the Brazilian Army. Its headquarters is located in Cacapava in São Paulo. Its catchment area covers the whole country. It is framed by the 2nd Division Army / Military Command Southeast, based in São Paulo.


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile)
The 12th Light Infantry Brigade is organized, equipped and trained for deployment on short notice and at any point of the country. Can move by air, for business jets and civilian or military aircraft and helicopters Air Force, but their primary means of transportation are the rotorcraft Command Army Aviation.


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile)
From bases located near their barracks, their main means of transport is by helicopter, means of transport by which performs its main function, the airmobile assault, the Light Brigade constitutes an effective instrument of strategic reach permanently available to the Land Force, being an integral unit of the Rapid Action Force and Strategic (FAR) in the Brazilian Army.


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile), History
On June 18, 1919, the 4th Infantry Brigade was created, based in the city of São Paulo, and after successive transformations, gave rise to the current Light Brigade. In September 1919 the Brigade was transferred to Cacapava, having been temporarily extinguished in November 1930. In October 1932 Command of the 4th Inf Brigade was reactivated in May and 1934 becomes organic 2nd Infantry Division.


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile), History
In 1938 it was opened the Command Infantry divisional (ID / 2), replacing the 4th Inf Brigade, which is extinct. Remains under that name until 1971, when a change occurs to the 12th Infantry Brigade and becomes part of the 2nd Army Division.


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile), History
Fifteen years later had his name changed again, and began to form in the 12th Motorized Infantry Brigade, finally, by Ministerial Reserved No. 023, of June 19, 1995, was transformed in the 12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile), maintaining its headquarters in Cacapava.


12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile), Kind of Organic Units
Light Infantry Battalion (Motorized) - Anti-tank and anti-air capable, 54 wheeled motorized fast vehicles, all weather combat, airmobile / air-dropableInfantry Battalion (Mechanized) - Anti-tank and anti-air capable, 54 wheeled light armoured fast vehicles, all weather combat, airmobileLight Cavalry Mechanized Battalion (Airmobile) - Fast light armoured, anti-tank / recognition / security, 54 combat vehicles, airmobileLight Field Artillery Group (Airmobile) - Field artillery, airmobile, 24 fast mountable / unmountable howitzer artillery


12th Lok Sabha
This is the list of members of the 12th Lok Sabha, (10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999) after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998. This was the second consecutive Lok Sabha, like the 11th Lok Sabha elections that did not provide the country with a stable government. Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the 16th Prime Minister of India but the government lasted for only about thirteen months due to no clear mandate. Also, the party was not able to get support from other parties, after the withdrawal of support by AIADMK.


12th Lok Sabha
After his resignation, then President K. R. Narayanan asked Sonia Gandhi, the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha to form the government; however, Gandhi responded that the UPA would not be able to form a government at the center, following which President Narayanan dissolved the House. The next General elections of 1999 for 13th Lok Sabha provided India a stable government that lasted for full five years. Nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 12th Lok Sabha after the 1998 Indian general election.


12th Lok Sabha, List of members by state
The list of members as published by the Election Commission of India:


12th Louisiana Regiment Infantry (African Descent)
The 12th Louisiana Regiment Infantry (African Descent) was a regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Louisiana Regiment Infantry (African Descent), African Brigade
The regiment was organized between May and July 1863 and was attached to the African Brigade in the  Northeast Louisiana District until July 1863. The unit was posted at Vicksburg, Mississippi until  March 1864.


12th Louisiana Regiment Infantry (African Descent), 50th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops
The designation of the regiment was changed to 50th Regiment Infantry, U.S. Colored Troops on March 11, 1864.


12th Luftwaffe Field Division (Germany)
The 12th Luftwaffe Field Division (German: 12. Luftwaffen-Feld-Division) was a major military organization of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War. The Luftwaffe Field Division was formed  from Flieger-Regiment 12 at the end of 1942, and was assigned to Army Group North in early 1943.


12th Luftwaffe Field Division (Germany)
After being decimated during the fighting in the area in the Courland Pocket, the division was moved by ship to Danzig, and employed there between Danzig and Zoppot until the beginning of May 1945 when it had been almost completely wiped out.


12th Lumières Awards
The 12th Lumières Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 5 February 2007, at the Espace Pierre Cardin in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Isabelle Mergault. Tell No One won the award for Best Film.


12th Lux Style Awards
The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards ceremony, presented by the Lux Style Awards honours the best films of 2012 and took place between October 12, 2013. This year, the city of Pakistan played host to the Pakistani Film Industry.


12th Lux Style Awards
The official ceremony took place on October, 12 2013, at the Expo Centre, in Lahore. During the ceremony, Lux Style Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on ARY Digital. Actor Ahmed Ali Butt hosted the ceremony.


12th Lux Style Awards, Background
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The awards celebrate "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, and honour the country's best talents in film, television, music, and fashion. Around 30 awards are given annually.


12th Lux Style Awards, Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. Best Film was not Awarded at 13th lux style awards.


12th Lux Style Awards, Special
Best Dressed Celebrity (Female) Aamina SheikhBest Dressed Celebrity (Male) Ali Zeeshan


12th MMC – Montana
12th Multi-member Constituency – Montana is a constituency whose borders are the same as Montana Province in Bulgaria.


12th MMC – Montana, Background
In the 2009 Bulgarian parliamentary election the 12th Multi-member Constituency – Montana elected 6 members to the Bulgarian National Assembly: 5 of which were through proportionality vote and 1 was through first-past-the-post voting.


12th Macau International Movie Festival
The 12th Macau International Movie Festival (simplified Chinese: 第12届澳门国际电影节; traditional Chinese: 第12屆澳門國際電影節) were held in Macau by the Macau Film and Television Media Association in December 2020.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment
The 12th Maine Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Formation
The 12th Maine Regiment, formed in November 1861, was one of the 10 regiments Major General Benjamin F. Butler of Massachusetts received permission to form.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Formation
George F. Shepley a Democrat and a noted Portland lawyer and U.S. Attorney for Maine, headed the new regiment.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Formation
On Oct. 1, 1861, Shepley wrote to Maine Gov. Israel Washburn to report that he expected the new 12th Maine Regiment to be filled soon "with the very best men in the State."


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Formation
Shepley also reported, "I have abandoned every other thought and pursuit, and have embarked in this movement all my hopes energies and efforts and, if need be my fortune and my life."


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Accounts of engagements
According to the New York Times, "The town of Madisonville, La., on the other side of Lake Pontchartrain, has been captured without resistance and is now garrisoned by our forces. The expedition consisted of a portion of the Maine Twelfth, the Connecticut Ninth, two battalions from the convalescent camp of the Thirteenth Corps, the Massachusetts Fifteenth battery, battery of the United States artillery and a company of the Louisiana Second cavalry, the whole under the command of Col. Kimrall, of the Maine Twelfth.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Accounts of engagements
The 8th of January was observed by a salute at meridian by order of Gen. Banks.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Accounts of engagements
The great Union mass meeting was held here the same night at the St. Charles Theatre, which was crowded from pit to dome, including a large number of planters from up and down the river. Speeches were made by Messrs. Flandres, L. Madison Day, and Thos. J. Durant."


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment lost 3 officers and 49 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds. 2 officers and 237 died of disease for a total of 291 fatalities from all causes.


12th Maine Infantry Regiment, Mascots
"The oddest pets we have yet seen were two bears, which the 12th Maine regiment of the 19th Corps, led through the city recently. These bears were brought all the way from Louisiana, and have been in several fights. They have become perfectly tame and tractable, and march along at the head of the band, with an air that indicates they feel themselves veteran soldiers of the bruin order, and that they have a character to sustain."


12th Malaysian Parliament
The 12th Malaysian Parliament is the last meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Malaysia, the Parliament, comprising the directly elected lower house, the Dewan Rakyat, and the appointed upper house, the Dewan Negara. It met for the first time at the Malaysian Houses of Parliament on 28 April 2008 and met for the last time on 29 November 2012. The King then dissolved the Parliament on 3 April 2013. The dissolution was announced by the Prime Minister Najib Razak after it consented by the King.


12th Malaysian Parliament
The 12th Parliament was the first to meet where the governing Barisan Nasional coalition does not have a 2/3 supermajority in the Dewan Rakyat necessary to amend the Constitution. In the 2008 general election, opposition parties won a record 82 of the 222 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, quadrupling the share they held previously. On 1 April, leaders from Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the Democratic Action Party and PAS announced the formation of the Pakatan Rakyat, a coalition comprising the three main opposition parties in Parliament.


12th Malaysian Parliament
They also announced that Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, president of PKR, would be the new Leader of the Opposition, making her the first woman to assume the post. The 12th Parliament was also the first to have regular live broadcasts of Dewan Rakyat debates on national public television, and saw the first instance of a supply bill approved by division instead of a voice vote. In June 2008, the two members of parliament from the Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP, a BN component party) announced they would be filing a motion of no confidence against the Prime Minister, a first in Malaysian Parliamentary history.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events
The 12th Parliament set a number of firsts in Malaysian history, in addition to being the first where the Barisan Nasional government sat without its customary 2/3 majority in the Dewan Rakyat. New Information Minister Ahmad Shabery Cheek announced that 30 minutes of each question time would be broadcast live on public television, with the possibility of a complete broadcast if demand was sufficient. Wan Azizah became the first woman leader of the opposition, with 24 women MPs total, 10 from the opposition ranks.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events
Meanwhile, for the first time two chief ministers of opposition states—Lim Guan Eng of Penang and Khalid Ibrahim of Selangor—would also sit as members of the Dewan Rakyat. A record number of Indian Malaysians, 10, sit in the Dewan Rakyat, while 99 of the 222 members of the Dewan Rakyat are first-time MPs. The Speaker and all his deputies, for the first time, hailed from East Malaysia.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
The election of the Deputy Speakers sparked a minor controversy, as Lim Kit Siang of the opposition Democratic Action Party nominated Tan Seng Giaw for one of the two posts. The election of the Speaker had been unanimous, as no other candidates were nominated. Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar received 157 votes, while Ronald Kiandee obtained 140 votes. Tan came in third with 81 votes.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
After the MPs were sworn in on the first day of the first session of the Dewan Rakyat, all except Opposition Leader Wan Azizah received personal invitations for them and their spouses to attend the official opening of Parliament by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Mizan Zainal Abidin the next day. Wan Azizah demanded an explanation as to why she only received a letter, and why her husband Anwar Ibrahim, a controversial former Deputy Prime Minister and now the de facto leader of Pakatan Rakyat, was not officially invited to attend the ceremony. They later received an official invitation; Anwar's attendance the following day was the first time he had been in the Houses of Parliament since his sacking in 1998.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
The first full day Parliament sat was fraught with controversy. Karpal Singh of the DAP delayed proceedings by protesting that several MPs had not been validly sworn in because they had not raised their right hands, a claim the Speaker rejected. Karpal subsequently exchanged heated words with Bung Mokhtar Radin, calling him "big foot", with Bung retorting that he was a "big monkey".


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
During question time, the Speaker gave one question for the Prime Minister to Razali Ibrahim and refused to permit supplementary follow-up questions, a decision Lim Kit Siang denounced as "making a mockery" of the House, branding it as part of "a conspiracy to silent the opposition MPs". After the Prime Minister personally intervened, the Speaker permitted Abdul Hadi Awang of PAS to ask one follow-up question. Azmin Ali of PKR also protested the Speaker's allocation of questions, arguing that as Leader of the Opposition, Wan Azizah had the right to first ask the Prime Minister a question, and that BN backbenchers received a disproportionate number of questions.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
The controversial debate led Information Minister Ahmad Shabery Cheek to suggest that the government would review live broadcasts of the first 30 minutes of question time because "it was misused to seek cheap publicity and raise trivial matters". He later said that he would propose to the Cabinet that plans to broadcast future question times be shelved. In response, Deputy Speaker Wan Junaidi said it was too early to make a firm decision about the future of live broadcasts: "I feel the government should determine if this is a first-day phenomenon or if it will continue." Prime Minister Abdullah also called for the cancellation of the live broadcasts, but the Cabinet decided to continue them for the time being.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
On 28 May, controversy arose in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Rakyat MPs protested that the outcome of a voice vote on part of the Supplementary Supply Bill 2008 (2007) had been unclear. Some observers suggested that the number of Pakatan Rakyat MPs in the chamber at the time had actually exceeded the number of Barisan Nasional MPs, indicating that the motion could actually have failed. After fifteen of the PR MPs requested a recorded vote, the Deputy Speaker announced a division on the question of the motion, a first in living memory.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
Many BN MPs were forced to rush to the chamber to vote, including the Prime Minister; the motion ultimately passed, 92 in favour and 60 against. Education Minister Hishammuddin Hussein later criticised the request for a division, saying that "all the fuss from them (opposition MPs) is just to disturb and disrupt the proceedings". PKR whip Azmin Ali however called the vote a moral victory for the opposition, saying "This is the first I have seen the prime minister running into the House."


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, First sitting
As the first sitting of the Dewan Rakyat neared its close at the end of May, The Malaysian Insider pronounced that it was "a different House for all who enter," citing how now Cabinet members' lives revolved around Parliamentary sessions, with Ministers being forced to attend to answer questions and participate in votes.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, No-confidence vote
On 18 June 2008, Chua Soon Bui and Eric Enchin Majimbun, both MPs from the Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP, a BN component) announced they would be supporting a motion of no confidence against the Prime Minister the following Monday (23 June 2008), citing the federal government's failure to control illegal immigration into Sabah, poor economic management and a loss of confidence in Abdullah's leadership. The party president, Yong Teck Lee, suggested the party could quit the BN coalition by the end of the week.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, No-confidence vote
Former opposition leader Lim Kit Siang of the DAP expressed doubt about the motion's viability, saying "There is no provision for a no-confidence motion under the standing orders." As of 18 June 2008, there is no provision for whether a simple majority or a 2/3 supermajority is required to pass a motion of no confidence. Since the motion would not be privileged in the agenda of the Dewan Rakyat, for it to be debated on Monday the government would have to set aside its scheduled business.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Events, No-confidence vote
In addition, the Standing Orders require the house to be given advance notice of any motions, ordinary or substantive. Lim suggested that the only way the motion could be tabled and debated on Monday was if the Speaker ruled it was a "substantive and extraordinary" motion, giving it precedence over other business in the Order Paper.


12th Malaysian Parliament, Changes in membership
On 26 August 2008, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail's seat was officially filled in by her husband Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, after he claimed victory over UMNO candidate Arif Shah in Permatang Pauh. With his entrance into Parliament, Anwar Ibrahim will become the Opposition Leader.


12th Manitoba Dragoons
The 12th Manitoba Dragoons is an armoured regiment of the Canadian Army that is currently on the Supplementary Order of Battle.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, North West Rebellion
The 95th Battalion Manitoba Grenadiers was mobilized for active service on 10 April 1885, when "a Battalion at Winnipeg" was authorized to be formed. The battalion served in the Alberta Column of the North West Field Force and was removed from active service on 18 September 1885. The battalion was retained on the Non-Permanent Active Militia order of battle.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, South African War
The Manitoba Dragoons contributed volunteers for the Canadian contingents in the field.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, The Great War
During the Great War, the Regiment raised two battalions for the Canadian Expeditionary Force.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, The Great War
The 6th Battalion (Fort Garry Horse), CEF was authorized on 10 August 1914, and embarked for Britain on 29 September 1914. It formed the nucleus of the Remount Depot on 20 January 1915, and the remainder of the battalion's personnel were absorbed by the Canadian Cavalry Depot, CEF, on 6 March 1915 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was disbanded on 5 April 1918. The battalion recruited in Portage la Prairie, Roblin, Pipestone and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Lloydminster, Saskatchewan and Pincher Creek, Alberta, and was mobilized at Camp Valcartier, Quebec. The 6th Battalion was awarded the battle honour "THE GREAT WAR 1914-15." The 6th Battalion was commanded by Lt.-Col. J.G. Rattray


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, The Great War
The 32nd Battalion, CEF, was authorized on 3 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 23 February 1915. It was redesignated the 32nd Reserve Battalion, CEF, on 18 April 1915 and on 4 January 1917 its personnel were absorbed by the 15th Reserve Battalion, CEF, to provide reinforcements for Canadian Corps units in the field. The battalion recruited in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and was mobilized at Winnipeg.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, The Great War
The battalion was awarded the battle honour "THE GREAT WAR 1915-17."


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Operational history, The Second World War
During the Second World War the Regiment mobilized the 18th (Manitoba) Reconnaissance Battalion, CAC, CASF, for active service on 10 May 1941. It was redesignated the 18th (Manitoba) Armoured Car Regiment, CAC, CASF, on 26 January 1942; the 18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons), CAC, CASF, on 16 December 1942; and 18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons), RCAC, CASF on 2 August 1945. It embarked for the Great Britain on 19 August 1942. On 8 and 9 July 1944 it landed in Normandy, France as a unit attached directly to II Canadian Corps, where it fought in North-West Europe until the end of the war.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Battle honours
In the list below, battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. Those battle honours followed by a "+" are emblazoned on the regimental guidon.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Cadet corps
2528 Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps is the only organization that perpetuates the name and insignia of the regiment. The cadet corps formed October 19, 1954, as the Virden Collegiate Cadet Corps affiliated to and using the insignia of the 12th Manitoba Dragoons. When the regiment disbanded the corps affiliation changed to that of the 71st Field Battery and shortly after the 26th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery. Branch Number 8 of Royal Canadian Legion became sponsor of the corps May 26, 1975, and housed the unit on its premises. October 3, 1994, the corps resumed its original affiliation and was renamed the XII Manitoba Dragoons Cadet Corps. The corps continues to parade in the Virden Legion Hall and is composed of youth from many surrounding communities.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Photo gallery
T17E1 Staghound armoured cars of the 18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons) crossing the Seine River.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Photo gallery
T-17E1 Staghound armoured car of the 12th Manitoba Dragoons crossing a Bailey bridge, Elbeuf, France, 28 August 1944. Soldiers are offloading railway ties to reinforce or smooth out the road surface.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Photo gallery
T-17E1 Staghound armoured cars of "A" Squadron, 12th Manitoba Dragoons, in the Hochwald, Germany, 2 March 1945. The first car has tire chains on all four wheels.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Photo gallery
Memorial Stained Glass window, 2770 LCol KL Jefferson is wearing a pre-1914 brass spiked helmet of the 12th Manitoba Dragoons, Royal Military College of Canada.


12th Manitoba Dragoons, Photo gallery
Memorial of the liberation of Zeebrugge (Belgium) on 3 November 1944 by the 12th Manitoba Dragoons.


12th Manitoba Legislature
The members of the 12th Manitoba Legislature were elected in the Manitoba general election held in March 1907. The legislature sat from January 2, 1908, to June 30, 1910.


12th Manitoba Legislature
Charles Mickle of the Liberal Party served as Leader of the Opposition. After Mickle was named a judge in 1909, Tobias Norris became party leader and leader of the opposition.


12th Manitoba Legislature, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1907:


12th Marine Regiment
The 12th Marine Regiment is an artillery regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Smedley Butler, Okinawa, Japan. Nicknamed "Thunder and Steel," the regiment falls under the command of the 3rd Marine Division.


12th Marine Regiment, Mission
Provide close and continuous fire support by neutralizing, destroying, or suppressing targets which threaten the success of the supported unit.


12th Marine Regiment, Current Units
The regiment is made up of two artillery battalions and one headquarters battery:


12th Marine Regiment, History
Activated October 4, 1927, at Tientsin, China and assigned to the 3rd Marine Brigade.


12th Marine Regiment, History, World War II
The regiment was reactivated September 1, 1942, at San Diego, California, as the 12th Marines and assigned to the 3rd Marine Division. It relocated during October 1942 to Camp Dunlap, California. From there it deployed during March 1943 to Auckland, New Zealand. In July 1943 it moved to Guadalcanal.


12th Marine Regiment, History, World War II
The regiment participated in the following World War II campaigns:


12th Marine Regiment, History, World War II
Following the war, the 12th Marines relocated in December 1945 to Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.


12th Marine Regiment, History, Post World War II history
Reactivated March 17, 1952, at Camp Pendleton, California, and assigned to the 3rd Marine Division. Deployed during August 1953 to Camp McNair, Japan. Redeployed during February 1956 to Okinawa. Redeployed from March–July 1965 to the Republic of Vietnam.


12th Marine Regiment, History, Post World War II history
Participated in the War in Vietnam, May 1965 – November 1969, operating from:


12th Marine Regiment, History, Post World War II history
Relocated during August 1971 to Camp Hauge, Okinawa. Elements participated in the Southeast Asia Evacuations, April–June 1975. Elements participated in the recovery of the SS Mayaguez in May 1975. Relocated during August 1976 to Camp Zukeran, Okinawa. Camp Zukeran renamed Camp Foster during March 1980.


12th Marine Regiment, History, Post World War II history
Elements participated in the Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, Southwest Asia, September 1990-April 1991. Relocated during July 1998 to Camp Hansen, Okinawa.


12th Marine Regiment, History, Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Enduring Freedom is an ongoing war in Afghanistan entering its twelfth year. Marines from the battalion took part in the Helmand Province Campaign, particularly the Battle of Sangin.


12th Massachusetts Battery
The 12th Massachusetts Battery (or 12th Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery) was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit was organized at Camp Meigs near Boston during the fall of 1862. Its members were mustered in at various times over the fall and the officers mustered into federal service on December 8, 1862. It was assigned to the Department of the Gulf under Major General Nathaniel P. Banks and departed Massachusetts by steamship on January 3, 1863.


12th Massachusetts Battery
After a difficult voyage due to storms, the battery arrived in New Orleans a month later on February 3. For the next several months, the battery was posted in New Orleans and for a time in Baton Rouge, taking a position in the defenses of that city during March. For a short time in April, they were mounted and outfitted as cavalry. On April 17, the battery, without their guns, moved to Brashear City, Louisiana acting as infantry in defending transports moving to and from that city during the First Bayou Teche Campaign.


12th Massachusetts Battery
They returned to New Orleans on May 23, were resupplied with guns and were posted again as light artillery in the city defenses until October. During June and July 1863, two sections (consisting of four guns and roughly two-thirds of the enlisted men) took part in the Siege of Port Hudson though not heavily engaged. After the Confederates surrendered Port Hudson on July 9, the sections returned to New Orleans and the battery was reunited. On October 15, the 12th Massachusetts battery moved to Port Hudson and would remain there on garrison duty until the end of their service. Their duty in Port Hudson and the vicinity during 1864 and 1865 was light, consisting mostly of foraging expeditions and reconnaissances.


12th Massachusetts Battery
After the close of the war, the unit returned to Massachusetts in July 1865 and was mustered out on July 25. The unit lost 25 men due to disease.


12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 12th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union army during the American Civil War. It was formed on June 14, 1861, in Boston, Massachusetts. Its original commander was Colonel Fletcher Webster, son of the famed U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Daniel Webster. The unit was known as the "Webster Regiment" after its first colonel.


12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early duty
Col. Webster began recruiting in April 1861 shortly after the attack on Fort Sumter. At that time, most recruits in Massachusetts were used to fill up the ranks in the existing state militia regiments, therefore it was several weeks before Webster had managed to recruit a full regiment. The unit was trained at Fort Warren in Boston harbor. On July 19, 1861, the regiment was reviewed by Governor John Albion Andrew on Boston Common and presented with its colors. On July 23, the 12th Massachusetts departed Boston for the war front.


12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early duty
The regimental surgeon was Jedediah Hyde Baxter, son of Congressman Portus Baxter. J. H. Baxter later served as Surgeon General of the United States Army.


12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early duty
The regiment was first assigned to the Army of the Shenandoah under the command of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks. Until the spring of 1862, the regiment was employed in uneventful picket duty in the vicinity of Frederick, Maryland. In late February, the 12th Massachusetts, as part of Brigadier General John Abercrombie's brigade, moved into Virginia. On April 18, 1862, while on picket duty along the Rappahannock River the men of the 12th Massachusetts exchanged sporadic fire with Confederates on the other side of the river. This was the first time the unit was engaged in hostile fire.


12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early duty
At the Battle of Antietam, the regiment lost 67% of its strength, or 224 of 334 men. It was the highest percentage casualty rate of any Union regiment in the battle.


12th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Notable members
John Gilman is in left handed picture in the center row


12th Massachusetts Regiment
The 12th Massachusetts Regiment, also known as 18th Continental Regiment and Phinney's Regiment, was raised on April 23, 1775, under Colonel Edmund Phinney outside of Boston, Massachusetts. The regiment saw action at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Valcour Island, Battle of Saratoga and the Battle of Monmouth. The regiment was disbanded on January 1, 1781, at West Point, New York.


12th Maxim Cup
The 12th Maxim Cup began on 2 November 2010 and concluded on 5 April 2011. Pak Yeong-hun defeated Lee Chang-ho 2–0 in the final.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland)
The 12th Bolesław Krzywousty Szczecin Mechanised Division (Polish: 12 Szczecińska Dywizja Zmechanizowana im. Bolesława Krzywoustego (12 DZ, 12 SDZ)) is a division of the Polish Armed Forces, headquartered in Szczecin.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland)
It traces its heritage back to the 1919 formation of the 6th Polish Rifle Division of the Blue Army in France. The division returned to Poland and was redesignated as the 12th Infantry Division (Polish: 12 Dywizja Piechoty) later that year, fighting in the Polish–Soviet War. During the September 1939 Invasion of Poland, the division was part of the southern group of the Prusy Army and was surrounded and destroyed by German forces during the Battle of Radom.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland)
It was briefly reformed in 1944 as part of the Home Army, and later that year the Polish People's Army briefly formed a 12th Infantry Division as part of the abortive 3rd Polish Army, but it was quickly broken up. The Polish People's Army reformed the division in Poznań during the final weeks of World War II, and it was sent to Szczecin to secure the area and expel the German population in the immediate postwar period. The division has remained headquartered at Szczecin since then, and was converted into a mechanised division in 1958.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Interwar period
Between the wars, the division was stationed in Tarnopol. It consisted of several regiments, scattered in towns of Podolia:


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Polish September Campaign
In June 1939 the Division, under General Gustaw Paszkiewicz, was ordered to remain in reserve and became part of the southern wing of the Prusy Army. In early September 1939, it was transported from Tarnopol to the area of Kielce.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Polish September Campaign
On September 7, 12th I.D. left its positions by Skarżysko-Kamienna and headed towards Iłża. There, it engaged in combat with 3rd Light Division of the Wehrmacht. In the following days, the unit fought a bloody battle with German XV Light Corps of General Hermann Hoth. On September 9, Polish soldiers got to German positions but were stopped by tanks. As a result, the Poles panicked, the Division was cut off from the line of the Vistula and as such ceased to exist. Its remnants crossed the river and were recreated as brigades, taking part in the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski, where they capitulated on September 27.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Home Army
In the first half of 1944, when Operation Tempest was prepared, the 12th I.D. was recreated in the area of Tarnopol and Lwów.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Polish People's Army
The 12th Infantry Division was formed by the Polish People's Army in the Zamość region beginning on 6 October 1944. It was intended to become part of the 3rd Polish Army, and included the 19th, 21st, and 25th Infantry Regiments, the 41st Light Artillery Regiment, and the 8th Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion equipped with the SU-76, among other support units. The attempt to create the 3rd Polish Army was abandoned on 15 November, and the personnel of the 12th, still beginning their organization, were dispersed to units of the 2nd Polish Army, while the weapons and equipment were returned to the storage of the 1st Belorussian Front.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Polish People's Army
The second 12th Infantry Division of the Polish People's Army began forming on 15 March 1945 under the command of Red Army officer Colonel Viktor Lemantovich. Its headquarters, 41st Rifle Regiment, 34th Light Artillery Regiment, and 15th Anti-Tank Artillery Battalion, with other support units, formed in Poznań, while the 43rd Rifle Regiment formed in Biedrusko and the 39th Rifle Regiment and remaining support units formed in Gniezno. It completed its formation by May. After the end of the war, the elements of the division left their places of formation on 9 June and became part of the 2nd Polish Army in Western Pomerania. There, they participated in agricultural work and mine clearance, securing the region and organizing military settlement.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Polish People's Army
Its main task was to protect the border in the region of Szczecin. A combined infantry regiment from the division took part in Operation Vistula in 1947, against the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Polish People's Army
In December 1958 the 12th Infantry Division was reorganized as a mechanised division (pl:12 Dywizja Zmechanizowana). Headquarters was located as Szczecin.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Current Structure
On 19 April 1994, the division received the honorific Szczecin in honor of its headquarters location, and Medieval Duke of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth was made its patron. By a 16 March 2009 decision of the Polish Minister of National Defence, the 12th Mechanised Division inherited the traditions of the 6th Polish Rifle Division, 12th Infantry Division, 12th Infantry Division of the Home Army, in addition to those of the 12th Infantry Division of the Polish People's Army. Its feast day was changed to 28 June, the anniversary of the establishment of the 6th Polish Rifle Division.


12th Mechanised Division (Poland), Current Structure
The division is part of the NATO-aligned Multinational Corps North East.


12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
The 12th Mechanized Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.


12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
Formed in March 1941 in response to the German victories in the West, it served with the 8th Army and was held in reserve near Šiauliai in Lithuania 75 km northwest of Kaunas  in the Special Baltic Military District. Under the command of Major General N.M.Shestopalov when the German Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941, it initially consisted of the 23rd and 28th Tank Divisions and the 202nd Mechanized Division. After the invasion began the Special Baltic Military District was renamed Northwestern Front, commanded by Colonel General Kutznetsov.


12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
The front fielded the 8th and 11th Armies along with the 27th Army in its second echelon. The 12th Mechanized was heavily engaged in the first battles of Operation Barbarossa, particularly during the Baltic Operation (1941) and at the Battle of Raseiniai, and by early July it had virtually ceased to exist as a formation, although remnants rejoined Soviet lines later.


12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
By the end of 22 June, the German armoured spearheads had crossed the Niemen and penetrated 80 kilometres (50 mi). The next day, Kutznetsov committed his armoured forces to battle.


12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
Near Raseiniai, the XLI Panzer Corps was counter-attacked by the tanks of the Soviet 3rd and 12th Mechanised Corps. But this concentration of Soviet armour was detected by the Luftwaffe, which immediately directed heavy air attacks from Fliegerkorps I Ju 88s against tank columns of the 12th Mechanised Corps south-west of Šiauliai. These attacks went in unopposed by any Soviet fighters and were carried out with great success. The Soviet 23rd Tank Division sustained particularly severe losses, with 40 tanks or lorries set ablaze. On 25 June, the Germans reportedly destroyed another 30 tanks and 50 lorries. The 28th Tank Division alone lost 84 tanks. The battle would last four days. After escaping the encirclement at Raseiniai and making a fighting retreat through Estonia during July, the remnants of the 12th Mechanized Corps were disbanded in August 1941.


12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
However, the 28th Tank Division was reported as part of the Novgorod Operational Group (seemingly a reformation of the 1939-40 Novgorod Army Operational Group) on 1 September 1941, while the 202nd Rifle Division was reported with 11th Army


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece)
The 12th Mechanized Infantry Division "Evros" (Greek: ΧΙΙ Μηχανοκίνητη Μεραρχία Πεζικού «ΕΒΡΟΣ» Dodekati Mihanokiniti Merarhia Pezikou «EVROS») is a military formation of the Hellenic Army, based at Alexandroupoli, Thrace.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
The division was formed in the reorganization and expansion of the Hellenic Army following the Balkan Wars of 1912–13. It was activated on 23 December (O.S.) 1913 at Kozani, comprising the 31st, 32nd, 33rd Infantry Regiments and the XII Mountain Artillery Battalion. It formed part of III Army Corps. The original formation was disbanded during the National Schism and did not take part in any engagements during World War I.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
In February 1920, the  Xanthi Division (Μεραρχία Ξάνθης Merarkhia Xanthis) was formed at Thessaloniki from Thracian recruits, whence its naming after the city of Xanthi. Commanded by Major General Konstantinos Mazarakis-Ainian, it comprised the 13th, 14th, 15th Infantry Regiments, the XII Mountain Artillery Regiment and other divisional units. In May 1920, the division took part in the Greek takeover of Western Thrace, after which it was shipped to Anatolia where it took part in the Greek offensive operations against the Turkish nationalist forces. In July it was withdrawn from the Anatolian front and re-shipped to take part in the operations for the capture of Eastern Thrace.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
Following the 1920 elections and the victory of the anti-Venizelist royalist coalition, the Xanthi Division was renamed as the 12th Infantry Division.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
In early 1921, it was reformed under the command of Prince Andrew and, comprising the 14th, 41st and 46th Regiments, was transferred once again to the Anatolian front, landing in Smyrna between 29 May and 6 June 1921. The division took part in the Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir and the Greek advance to Ankara, which ended in the Battle of Sakarya. The division was commanded from 15 July by Colonel Periklis Kallidopoulos. The division remained in Anatolia under I Army Corps until the great Turkish offensive in August 1922. The division was practically destroyed as a fighting force after the Battle of Dumlupınar; its remnants—155 officers, 2,240 men, 1,010 animals, 18 guns and 15 machine-guns—embarked at Çesme for Chios on 31 August.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
In Greece, its remnants were merged with the Independent Division to form the new 12th Division at Feres as part of the Army of the Evros (October 1922). It remained in Western Thrace after the signature of the Treaty of Lausanne, based at Komotini. Upon the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War in October 1940, the division remained in Thrace, and provided the cadre for several reserve regiments, which were transferred to other divisions.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
On 6 March 1941, with the expected German invasion of Greece looming, the division was transferred to the Central Macedonia Army Section, and was placed under the British Commonwealth troops holding the Vermion–Aliakmon line. Coming under German attack at the Battle of Siatista Pass, the division retreated to the southwest and lost much of its force to desertion; finally, with the Greek capitulation on 24 April, the division, by now reduced to some 1,000 men, was disbanded.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), History
12th Infantry Division was reformed on 26 August 1964 at Alexandroupoli, with the 29th, 30th and 31st Regiments and other divisional units. In June 1996 it was converted into a mechanized infantry division, and in 2009 it received the honorific title "Evros".


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), Emblem and motto
The division's emblem depicts two roosters confronting each other. It and the divisional motto, Έως αν τον ετέρον προπεσείν Eos an ton eteron propesin ("Until one of them falls") are inspired by a quote of the historian Polybius, describing the Romans and Carthaginians during the First Punic War: "We may compare the spirit displayed by both states to that of game cocks engaged in a death-struggle.


12th Mechanized Infantry Division (Greece), Emblem and motto
For we often see that when these birds have lost the use of their wings from exhaustion, their courage remains as high as ever and they continue to strike blow upon blow, until closing involuntarily they get a deadly hold of each other, and as soon as this happens one or the other of the two will soon fall dead."


12th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards
The 12th Meril Prothom Alo Awards ceremony, presented by Prothom Alo took place on April 9, 2010, at the Bangabandhu International Conference Center in Dhaka, Bangladesh as a part of 2009-10 film awards season. The evening began with editor of Prothom Alo, Matiur Rahman delivering a welcome speech, followed by that of managing director of Square Toiletries Limited, Anjan Chowdhury. Meril-Prothom Alo Awards-2009 were distributed among TV and film stars, musicians and singers amid a union of cultural personalities. The nominations for the popular awards were open to public voting while the prestigious critic awards were there in line with.


12th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards, Awards and winners
A total of 12 awards were given at the ceremony. Following is the list of the winners:


12th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards, Host
Dhallywood star Ferdous who has previously anchored this event twice over, along with five Bangladeshi artistes—Monalisa, Momo, Badhon, Munmun, Prova; four foreign artistes—Sofi, Adwina, Jessica, Diana and a number of professional dance artistes participated in a show mingling both eastern and western tunes. Followed the spirited performance, Ferdous unveiled two 'Bagher Bachcha' (tiger cubs) -- Chanchal Chowdhury and Mosharraf Karim and assigned them to anchor the program. The fun-loving audience gave them a hearty round of applause. To make it more happening, Lux-Channel i stars Ishana and Orsha assisted them in anchoring. Subtle humour, satire, jokes and even poetic anchoring, nothing was left out from the bags of the witty anchors.


12th Michigan Infantry Regiment
The 12th Michigan Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Service
The 12th Michigan Infantry was organized at Niles, Dowagiac, and Buchanan, Michigan, and was mustered into Federal service for a three-year enlistment between December 9, 1861, and March 5, 1862 .


12th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 1 officer and 52 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 3 officers and 372 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 428fatalities.


12th Military Transport Aviation Division
The 12th Mginskaya Red Banner Military Transport Aviation Division (12-я Мгинская Краснознаменная военно-транспортная авиационная дивизия) is a formation of the 61st Air Army of the Supreme Command of the Air Forces of the Russian Federation.


12th Military Transport Aviation Division
The division was formed on 5 May 1943 as the 12th Air Division Long Range at Monino, equipped with Li-2 aircraft. On 1 August 1943 it was subordinate of the 7th Aviation Corps Long Range. It received its name for the successful accomplishment of combat missions in the battle against the Nazi invaders and the release of Mga, Leningrad Oblast. On 26 December 1944, it became the 12th Bomber Aviation Division.


12th Military Transport Aviation Division
Renamed 12th Transport Aviation Division in 1946, then 12th Military-Transport Aviation Division on 12 October 1955 and subsequently became part of Military Transport Aviation (VTA).


12th Military Transport Aviation Division
In 1998, with the rest of VTA became part of 61st Air Army, based at the Migalovo Air Base (Tver). The division used An-22, Il-76, and An-124 transport aircraft. It was disbanded in 2009 but restored in 2015.


12th Minnesota Legislature
The twelfth Minnesota Legislature first convened on January 4, 1870. The 11 members of the Minnesota Senate who represented even-numbered districts were chosen in the General Election of November 3, 1868, while the 11 members of the Minnesota Senate who represented odd-numbered districts, and the 47 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives, were chosen in the General Election of November 2, 1869.


12th Minnesota Legislature, Sessions
The legislature met in a regular session from January 4, 1870 to March 4, 1870. There were no special sessions of the 12th Minnesota Legislature.


12th Mirchi Music Awards
The 12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards or simply Mirchi Music Awards 2020, was the 12th edition of the Mirchi Music Awards and took place on 19 February 2020. The award ceremony was hosted by Aparshakti Khurana, Neeti Mohan, and Shekhar Ravjiani at Yash Raj Studios, Mumbai. The title sponsor was Smule, replacing Pepsi.


12th Missile Squadron
The 12th Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 341st Operations Group, stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. The squadron is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.


12th Missile Squadron, Mission
The mission of the 341st Missile Wing is to provide combat-ready people and aerospace forces.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
The 12th Bombardment Squadron was organized and activated at Langley Field, Virginia on 1 February 1940, as a member of the 25th Bombardment Group. The unit moved from Langley where it trained initially, to Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico, where it became part of Caribbean Air Force on 1 November 1940. Following the initial deployment to Puerto Rico. The squadron participated in various training and familiarization flights with its small complement of Douglas B-18 Bolo medium bombers, until 8 November 1941 when it was ordered to deploy to Benedict Field, St. Croix, temporarily until September 1942, then at St. Nicholas, and Antigua.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
Following the Pearl Harbor Attack, the squadron commenced operations out of Benedict with its tiny force of three B-18s. However, these were exchanged for four slightly more capable B-18As by 16 January 1942. By mid-February, these had been augmented by a further B-18 (while one of the B-18As was away at the Mobile Air Depot being fitted with one of the earliest airborne radar systems) and the squadron had a total of four crews, three of whom had more than 12 months experience.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
Operations continued out of Benedict Field until 10 October 1942, when it moved to Dakota Field, Aruba, and the following month came under the operational control of the Antilles Air Task Force and VI Fighter Command. By 11 December, the unit had six B-18Bs and four Douglas A-20A Havocs while Flight D of the squadron was at distant Borinquen Field with two further B-18Bs and a B-18.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
Apparently this aircraft dispersal proved too much for the unit to handle and, by January 1943, strength on report had dropped to a more reasonable total of just five B-18Bs and a single B-18C at Dakota Field, although Flight D remained at Borinquen as late as June, and Flight C moved from Dakota to Rio Hato Field, Panama, from 1 June till 20 July 1943. In addition, several 59th Bombardment Squadron aircraft were attached to the 12th at this point, as were two Bell P-39D Airacobras of the 22d Pursuit Squadron.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
All of this shuffling of aircraft was due, of course, to the exigencies of the antisubmarine campaign, which had been re-initiated in early January 1943. By October 1943, operational control of the now very experienced unit had passed to Commander, All Forces, Aruba and Curaçao (CAFAC), and the United States Navy assumed command and the unit, together with the Lockheed PV-1 Venturas of a Navy unit there provided continuous coverage for, amongst others, convoy GAT94 and its route from the time it entered the area.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
As the anti-submarine war continuously shifted, the squadron moved to follow, leaving Dakota Field on 23 November to move to Coolidge Field on Antigua, at which time its attachment to CAFAC ended. While there, it provided continuous coverage for Convoy TAG95. By the end of December, the unit had started to reequip, and had two of the B-18Bs, but also three North American B-25D Mitchells and not fewer than 12 B-25Gs at Coolidge.


12th Missile Squadron, History, World War II
As the antisubmarine campaign eased, the unit became, essentially, a crew training outfit, although patrols were still flown in conjunction with this tasking. The Squadron ended its Caribbean tour on 24 March 1944 when it was transferred back to the United States and became a B-25 Mitchell Operational Training Unit at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico. On 20 June 1944, the 12th Bombardment Squadron was disbanded.


12th Missile Squadron, History, Strategic Air Command
"Eleven years later, on [1 September] 1955, the 12th Bombardment Squadron, Medium, was activated at Abilene Air Force Base, Texas. Before being inactivated once more in 1961, the 12th’s Boeing B-47 Stratojet Stratojets engaged in training that made it a powerful element of the nation’s strategic air power."


12th Missile Squadron, History, Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron
Organized on 1 March 1962 as the 12th Strategic Missile Squadron, an intercontinental ballistic missile squadron assigned to the 341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. Initially equipped with 50 LGM-30A Minuteman Is in early 1962. "Upon organization, it became the second Minuteman ICBM squadron in the Air Force. During the mid-1960s the 12th replaced its 50 Minuteman I missiles with Minuteman IIs.


12th Missile Squadron, History, Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron
The 12th was the first squadron at Malmstrom to undergo weapon system upgrade to Minuteman Mod; and on [22 April] 1967, it was the first squadron to become fully operational with the new Minuteman II missiles under this program. The 12th was also the first squadron in the wing to undergo silo upgrade. By 1978, the Improved Launch Control System had replaced the Minuteman Mod system and the 12th SMS once again had the state-of-the-art weapon system."


12th Missile Squadron, History, Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron
"In 1994, the 12 reorganized under the objective squadron concept. This reorganization took the three combat disciplines, ICBM operations, security police, and electromechanical maintenance, and combined them under the "one hat" of the missile squadron commander. In early June 1995, electromechanical Maintenance returned to the 341st Logistics Group."


12th Missile Squadron, History, Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron
The 12th Missile Squadron led the way in removing Minuteman II missiles and replacing them with LGM-30G Minuteman III silos from the inactivating 321st Missile Wing at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota in 1996; Minuteman IIs being retired. The new missile enhances capability, increases flexibility, and marks yet another system upgrade.


12th Missile Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union)
The 12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and American Indian Wars.


12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment was organized in St. Louis, Missouri from November 3, 1863, to March 23, 1864. Attached to the District of Saint Louis, Missouri, Department of Missouri, to July, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, District of West Tennessee, Department Tennessee, to November, 1864. 1st Brigade, 5th Division, Cavalry Corps, Military Division Mississippi, to May, 1865. Department of Missouri, Eastern Division, Powder River Indian Expedition, and District of the Plains to April, 1866.


12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Duty at St. Louis, Missouri until June 1, 1864. Ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, and duty there until August 1. Smith's Expedition to Oxford, Mississippi, August 1–30. Holly Springs August 1, and Elkshute August 4. Tallahatchie River August 7–9. Hurricane Creek and Oxford August 9. Abbeville August 13. Hurricane Creek August 13–14 and 19. College Hill, Oxford, August 23. At White's Station until September 30. March to Clifton and Lawrenceburg in pursuit of Nathan Bedford Forest September 30-October 8. At Clifton until October 27. Franklin–Nashville Campaign November–December. March to Pulaski, Tennessee, October 27-November 6. Expedition to Moscow November 9–13.


12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Shoal Creek November 11. Eastport, Mississippi, November 10–11. On line of Shoal Creek November 16–20. Lawrenceburg November 22. Campbellville and Lynnville November 24. In front of Columbia and Battle of Columbia November 24–27. Crossing of Duck River November 28. Present at Battle of Spring Hill November 29. In reserve during Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood December 17–28. Richland Creek December 24. Battle of Anthony's Hill or King's Gap, near Pulaski, Tennessee, December 25. At Gravelly Springs, Alabama, and Eastport, Mississippi Scouting in Northern Mississippi and Alabama until May, 1865.


12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Moved to St. Louis, Missouri May 12–17, thence to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and to Omaha, Nebraska. Powder River Indian Expedition against Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians, in Nebraska, Dakota Territory, and Montana Territory, July 1-September 20, 1865. Actions with Indians on the Powder River September 1–11. March from Fort Connor to Fort Laramie September 25-October 4. Engaged in frontier duty until April, 1866, and mustered out on April 9, 1866.


12th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 263 men during its entire service; one officer and 35 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, and one officer and 226 enlisted men died of disease.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
The 12th Missouri Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. After mustering into Confederate service on October 22, 1862, as White's Missouri Infantry, the regiment, as Ponder's Missouri Infantry, fought in the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, where it charged the Union lines several times. On May 3, 1863, the regiment was named the 9th Missouri Infantry Regiment, and fought under that name until December 15, 1863, when it was renamed the 12th Missouri Infantry Regiment.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
On July 4, 1863, the regiment, as part of Brigadier General Mosby M. Parsons' brigade, broke through the Union lines at the Battle of Helena. However, Parsons' flanks were exposed, and the Confederates were driven from the field, suffering heavy losses. After Helena, only 168 men remained in the regiment. On November 22, 1863, the survivors of the regiment were combined into two companies, which were then attached to the 10th Missouri Infantry Regiment, although the 12th Missouri Infantry was still treated as a separate unit for reporting purposes. In April 1864, the 12th Missouri Infantry fought at the battles of Pleasant Hill and Jenkins' Ferry. On September 29, 1864, the survivors of the 12th Missouri Infantry were officially merged into the 10th Missouri Infantry, ending the 12th's separate service career.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Background and formation
In 1861, at the outbreak of the American Civil War, the state of Missouri, which was strategically located, did not vote to secede despite being a slave state. However, Governor Claiborne F. Jackson, who supported secession, organized like-minded state militia into a camp outside of St. Louis. On May 10, Nathaniel Lyon, a brigadier general in the Union Army, dispersed Jackson's camp, although a riot in St. Louis followed. Jackson responded on May 12 by forming the Missouri State Guard and placing Sterling Price, a major general of state troops, in charge of it.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Background and formation
On June 15, Lyon's force moved against the state capital of Jefferson City, causing Jackson and the pro-secession elements of the state legislature to evacuate to Boonville. Lyon took Boonville two days later by forcing out a group of Missouri State Guard soldiers led by Colonel John S. Marmaduke. Price and Jackson then fell back into the southwestern portion of the state.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Background and formation
Price then joined forces with Brigadier General Ben McCulloch's Confederate States Army force. In August, the two forces, under the command of McCulloch, were encamped near Springfield. On August 10, Lyon attacked the Confederate camp, in the ensuing Battle of Wilson's Creek, the Union forces were defeated and Lyon killed. After Wilson's Creek, Price and the Missouri State Guard moved north, capturing a Union garrison at Lexington after a siege in September. However, Union forces gathered at Tipton, and Price fell back into southwestern Missouri.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Background and formation
In November, Jackson and the pro-secession legislators held a vote approving secession while at Neosho; Missouri joined the Confederate States of America as a government-in-exile. The anti-secession legislators had previously held their own convention in Jefferson City, rejecting secession. In February 1862, Union pressure led Price to leave Missouri for Arkansas, where he joined forces with Major General Earl Van Dorn. In March, Price joined the Confederate States Army, receiving a commission as a major general. Later that month, Van Dorn was defeated at the Battle of Pea Ridge, establishing Union control of Missouri.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Background and formation
Most of the men of the Missouri State Guard eventually left the unit to join Confederate States Army formations. Union control of Missouri seemed secure enough that one officer stated that "[there was] no Rebel flag now flying in Missouri". However, this was disproved when Confederate recruiters and raiders entered the state later that summer. White's Missouri Infantry was first organized in late August 1862 from veterans of the Missouri State Guard. James D. White, the regiment's first colonel, had been authorized to form a regiment for service in the Confederate States Army by Major General Thomas Hindman.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Background and formation
The unit was originally based in Pocahontas, Arkansas; it fought in a small skirmish near the town in September. On October 22, the regiment officially entered Confederate service while at Yellville, Arkansas. Willis M. Ponder was the regiment's first lieutenant colonel, and Thomas B. Sandford was the first major. As of the date of muster, the regiment contained 10 companies, designated by the letters A–I and K. All were Missouri-raised, except for Company G, which also contained men from Arkansas.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1862
After mustering into Confederate service, the regiment transferred to a camp near Van Buren, Arkansas. The regiment was assigned to Colonel Alexander E. Steen's brigade in November, although Steen was later replaced by Brigadier General Mosby M. Parsons. On November 30, the regiment began moving towards Prairie Grove, Arkansas. Ponder commanded the regiment during the movement, as White was ill.   During the early stages of the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, the regiment (under the name Ponder's Missouri Infantry) aligned with the rest of Parsons' brigade in a position supporting the Confederate left flank.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1862
Late in the battle, Ponder's regiment, along with the rest of Parsons' brigade and Clark's Missouri Infantry Regiment, attacked a Union position. The Confederate attack eventually forced the Union line back, but was halted by Union artillery fire. A further Confederate attack drove back a reformed Union line, with Ponder's regiment and Steen's Missouri Infantry Regiment turning the Union left flank. The Confederates made another attempt against the Union line, but in the advance to attack, Caldwell's Missouri Regiment and Hunter's Missouri Infantry Regiment had their lines of advance cut off by other units, preventing them from joining the charge.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1862
Ponder's regiment was on the right of the Confederate attack along with Steen's regiment, but heavy fire from two Union artillery batteries and the 11th Kansas Infantry Regiment repulsed the two regiments. Steen was killed and the two regiments routed, ending the Battle of Prairie Grove. At Prairie Grove, Ponder's regiment suffered 72 casualties. After the defeat at Prairie Grove, the regiment returned to Van Buren.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1863
In January 1863, the regiment transferred from Van Buren to Little Rock, Arkansas. On May 3, the regiment was given the name of 9th Missouri Infantry Regiment by Price's headquarters. By June 11, White had recovered enough from his illness to regain command of the regiment. On July 4, the 9th Missouri Infantry was part of a Confederate assault against a Union force occupying Helena, Arkansas. Parsons' brigade attacked Graveyard Hill and captured it; the regimental flag of the 9th Missouri Infantry was raised over the captured position.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1863
However, the brigade's success left both of its flanks exposed, and Union troops were able to concentrate against the brigade. After a five-hour fight, the Confederates were driven back from Graveyard Hill with heavy losses, including many men captured. The 9th Missouri Infantry lost 62 men killed or wounded in the battle; the number of missing men was not reported. Shortly after the battle, the regiment had only 168 men available for duty.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1863
Beginning in August, the regiment built fortifications designed to defend Little Rock against Union attack. On August 28, White left the regiment to serve as a provost marshal and was replaced as regiment commander by Ponder, who was promoted to colonel. In September, Union forces advanced against Little Rock, but moved around the Confederate fortifications. In response, the regiment retreated to southern Arkansas without fighting. On November 22, the survivors of the regiment were combined into two companies, which were then attached to the 10th Missouri Infantry Regiment. Despite being attached to the 10th Missouri Infantry, the 9th Missouri Infantry was still treated as a separate regiment for reporting purposes. On December 15, the 9th Missouri Infantry was renamed the 12th Missouri Infantry.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1864
In March 1864, Parsons was elevated to divisional command. Parsons' division contained two brigades: one commanded by Colonel John Bullock Clark Jr. and the other commanded by Colonel Simon P. Burns. As part of Burns' brigade, the 12th Missouri Infantry moved to the support of Major General Richard Taylor in April; Taylor was threatened by a Union advance against Shreveport, Louisiana. The unit reached Taylor's position on April 9, and fought in the Battle of Pleasant Hill later that day. Parsons' division was aligned on the Confederate right flank.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1864
Within Parsons' division, Burns' brigade was on the left and Clark's brigade was on the right. The Confederate attack was initially successful, breaking a portion of the Union line. However, a Union flank attack drove back Parsons' line, causing the units to Parsons' left to fall back. The Confederates put up firm resistance at first, but eventually the fighting retreat turned into a rout. However, the Union troops retreated from the field, despite repulsing the Confederate attack. The 12th Missouri Infantry lost 14 men at Pleasant Hill.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1864
After a brief rest, the regiment then began moving north towards Camden, Arkansas, which was held by Major General Frederick Steele's Union force. Steele retreated in the face of the Confederate advance, but was caught at the crossing of the Saline River. At the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry on April 30, Parsons' division deployed at around 10:00 a.m., having arrived on the field an hour earlier. Burn's brigade, including the 12th Missouri Infantry, was the left brigade in Parsons' alignment. When Burns' brigade attacked the Union lines, it encountered the 33rd Iowa Infantry and the 12th Kansas Infantry Regiments.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service history, 1864
Eventually, Burns' brigade was able to outflank the two Union regiments, forcing them to retreat. However, Union reinforcements soon arrived, and a counterattack drove Burns' brigade from the field. Burns' brigade later aligned to support a Texas division, but Steele retreated across the Saline River before Burns' brigade was reengaged. The regiment reported three casualties from the Jenkins' Ferry fighting. Jenkins' Ferry was the 12th Missouri Infantry's last major fight. On September 29, the regiment was officially consolidated into the 10th Missouri Infantry while stationed in Arkansas, ceasing to exist as a separate unit. General Edmund Kirby Smith surrendered the Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department on June 2, 1865. On June 8, the men of the 10th Missouri Infantry were paroled at Shreveport; they were later shipped back to Missouri via steamboat.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union)
The 12th Missouri Infantry Regiment  was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was organized by Colonel Peter J. Osterhaus, a veteran of the respected 2nd Missouri Volunteer Infantry (3 months, 1861). The majority of the soldiers in the 12th were ethnic Germans. This intermixed German-American unit also had a large portion of its ranks filled by volunteers from Illinois.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
Organized at St. Louis, Missouri, August 1861. Attached to Fremont's Army of the West to January 1862. 2nd Brigade, Army of Southwest Missouri, to February 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, to May 1862. 3rd Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, to July 1862. District of Eastern Arkansas, Dept. of Missouri, to December 1862. 1st Brigade, 11th Division, Right Wing 13th Army Corps (Old), Dept. of the Tennessee, to December 1862. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, to September 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 15th Army Corps, to December 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 15th Army Corps, to November 1864.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Fremont's advance on Springfield, Missouri, September to November 1861. Moved to Jefferson City, thence to Sedalia and Springfield. To Wilson's Creek October 6–8. Duty at Rolla until January, 1862Expedition to Danville December 26, 1861. Curtis' Campaign in Missouri and Arkansas against Price January to March 1862. Advance on Springfield February 2–16. Pursuit of Price into Arkansas February 14–29. Battles of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 6–8. March to Batesville April 5-May 3; thence to Helena, Arkansas, May 25-July 14. Expedition from Helena to mouth of White River August 5–8. Moved to Ironton-Pilot Knob, Missouri, September 1.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
To St. Genevieve November 12, and return to Helena November 23. Sherman's Yazoo Expedition December 22, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou December 26–28. Chickasaw Bluff December 29. Expedition to Arkansas Post, Arkansas, January 3–10, 1863. Assault and capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, January 10–11. Moved to Young's Point, La., January 17–23. Duty there until March and at Milliken's Bend until April. Expedition to Greenville, Black Bayou and Deer Creek April 2–14. Demonstration on Haines and Drumgould's Bluffs April 29-May 2. Moved to join army in rear of Vicksburg, Mississippi, via Richmond and Grand Gulf May 2–14.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Mississippi Springs May 12–13. Jackson May 14. Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Mississippi, July 4–10. Siege of Jackson July 10–17. Bolton's Depot July 16. Brier Creek, near Canton, July 17, Clinton July 18. Camp at Big Black until September 27. Moved to Memphis, Tennessee, thence march to Chattanooga, Tennessee, September 27-November 21. Operations on Memphis & Charleston Railroad in Alabama October 20–29. Cherokee Station October 21 and 29. Cane Creek October 26. Tuscumbia October 26–27. Battles of Chattanooga November 23–27. Lookout Mountain November 23–24. Mission Ridge November 25.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Ringgold Gap, Taylor's Ridge, November 27. March to relief of Knoxville, November 28-December 8. Garrison duty in Alabama at Woodville and Scottsboro, Alabama, and at Cleveland, Tennessee, to May 1864. Atlanta (Georgia) Campaign May 1 to September 8. Demonstration on Resaca May 8–13. Battle of Resaca May 13–15. Advance on Dallas May 18–25. Battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Bushy Mountain June 15–17. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Chattahoochie River July 6–17. Battle of Atlanta July 22.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Ezra Chapel, Hood's 2nd Sortie, July 28. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Lovejoy Station September 2–6. Pursuit of Hood into Alabama October 1–21. Mustered out by Companies from August 12 to November 14, 1864. Consolidated with Detachments from 3rd and 17th Missouri Volunteer Infantry and subsequently transferred to 15th Missouri Infantry.


12th Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost during service 10 officers and 102 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 officers and 94 enlisted men by disease. Total 208.


12th Moscow International Film Festival
The 12th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 7 to 21 July 1981. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Brazilian film O Homem que Virou Suco directed by João Batista de Andrade, the Vietnamese film The Abandoned Field: Free Fire Zone directed by Nguyen Hong Shen and the Soviet-French-Swiss film Teheran 43 directed by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov.


12th Motor Rifle Division
The 12th Motor Rifle Division was a motorized infantry division of the Soviet Army, formed twice. It was formed in 1957 from the 12th Rifle Division and disbanded in 1958. The division was reformed in 1960 and moved to Baganuur in Mongolia in 1979. It pulled out of Mongolia in 1990 and became a storage base in 1992. The storage base was disbanded in 1993.


12th Motor Rifle Division, History, First formation
The 12th Motor Rifle Division was first formed on 17 May 1957 in Belogorsk, Amur Oblast from the 12th Amur Rifle Division. The division included the 192nd, 214th and 394th Motor Rifle Regiments and the 138th Guards Tank Regiment. Part of the Far Eastern Military District, it was disbanded on 15 October 1958.


12th Motor Rifle Division, History, Second formation
In June 1960, the division was reformed in Divizionnaya (in Ulan-Ude), Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It was part of the Transbaikal Military District and did not inherit the honorifics of the previous division. On 19 February 1962, the 964th Separate Missile Battalion was formed. In June 1967, the army became part of the 44th Army Corps. In 1968, the 1156th Separate Sapper Battalion became a sapper-engineer unit. In May 1970, the division was subordinated to the 29th Army.


12th Motor Rifle Division, History, Second formation
On 15 March 1979, the division moved to Baganuur, Mongolia, and became part of the 39th Army due to increased tensions caused by the Sino-Vietnamese War. It was upgraded to 65% strength from its previous 15% manning. In 1980, the motor transport battalion became the 1161st Separate Material Supply Battalion. In April of that year, the 34th Separate Tank Battalion was attached to the division. It was previously part of the 138th Separate Tank Regiment in East Germany.


12th Motor Rifle Division, History, Second formation
The 523rd Motor Rifle Regiment transferred to the 51st Tank Division in the same year and was replaced by that division's 189th Motor Rifle Regiment. In 1985, the 189th moved back to the 51st and the 523rd became part of the 12th Motor Rifle Division again. The 34th Separate Tank Battalion was disbanded around this time. In 1989, the 189th once again returned to the division and the 523rd transferred back to the 51st Tank Division. In May 1990, after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, the 598th Motor Rifle Regiment returned to Divizionnaya. The rest of the division soon followed and its headquarters moved to Divizionnaya in June 1992, becoming part of the 57th Army Corps. There, the division became the 5517th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base. The storage base was disbanded in 1993.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa)
The 12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa) was a South African brigade-level infantry unit that served with the Allies in the Italian Campaign of World War II under the 6th South African Armoured Division. It was the first South African unit to enter combat in Italy. The unit was activated in 1943 and had generally deactivated by 8 May 1945.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Formation
The 12th Motorized Brigade was officially formed under the 6th Armoured Division (South Africa) on 8 February 1943 as a mismatched collection of volunteers from various units previously serving in North Africa, as interest in fighting in Italy was low among South African soldiers. The unit was led by Brig. R.J. Palmer, and sailed, along with the rest of the 6th, to Port Tewfik on the Suez Canal on 30 April 1943. The brigade received training in the Kataba desert in the northwest of Cairo, Egypt, culminating in the three-day "Exercise Durban", which ran from 5–7 December 1943.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Italian Campaign
After receiving orders, the 6th sailed from Alexandria, Egypt on 16 April 1944 and arrived in Taranto, Italy, on the 20th. After arrival, 12th Brigade was detached from the 6th and ordered to move to S. Elia, a mountainous region north of Monte Cassino that featured a section of the Gustav Line, to relieve the 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade. Under the command of the 2nd New Zealand Division of the British X Corps, the 12th took over the sector on 6 May and held it until 23 May, after the fall of Monte Cassino, when they were reincorporated into 6th Division.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Italian Campaign
As part of the Allied drive northwards in Italy, the 12th took the town of Paliano on 3 June. After the Allies took Rome on 4 June, the 6th Armoured was ordered to push upwards on the Via Casilina to take over the spearhead of the British XIII Corps, passing through Rome on 6 June. After continuing to march with the 6th Armoured Division up through Italy, a regiment of the 12th, the First City / Cape Town Highlanders, took the lead and captured the important Orvieto road junction on 14 June.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Italian Campaign
Next, 6th Division met the LXXVI Panzer Corps on the Georg Line north of Route 73. 12th Brigade took one side of the attack, advancing along the road and eventually helping capture Radda on 17 July. On 20 July, the 12th attacked and took Mt. St. Michele, an important strategic position for control over the Arno Valley and Allied advances into France. After taking over part of the front at Arno River with Prince Arnold's Guard and the 74th Light Anti- Aircraft Regiment, the 12th eventually crossed the Arno on the night of 28–29 August 1944. At this point, the 12th was tasked with sending armed patrols to determine the extent of German withdrawal from the region, which was undertaken by the Royal Natal Carbineers and the FC/CTH.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Italian Campaign
C Company of the RNC liberated the town of Artimino on 1 September. The RNC liberated Pistoia on 8 September. On 11 September, the 6th Armoured regrouped, with the 12th Motorised Brigade put in the center of the formation. The 12th moved up Highway 64, with the FC/CTH crossing the Apennine watershed at Collin on 27 September. On 8 October, the 12th was moved up to hold the Mt. Vegese-Montevolo area. The RNC had been separated from the brigade several weeks earlier to capture Mt. Vegese with the 11th Motorised Brigade. Next, the brigade was assigned the task of taking Mt. Stanco, which it accomplished by 13 October, with the Witwatersrand Rifles reaching the summit by 05:59 that morning. FC/CTH was assigned to take Point 650, which they accomplished by mid-afternoon.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Italian Campaign
Several units from the 12th were assigned to take Mt. Salvaro and Mt. Pezza, which they accomplished by 25 October.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Italian Campaign
After a slow winter, 12th Brigade once again moved up to the front on the night of 31 March 1945. To capture Mt. Sole and Mt. Caprara, the brigade's next objectives, the 12th advanced along the ridge of Mt. Sole. WR/DLR and FC/CTH attacked on 15 April and had captured the summits of the mountains by the evening of the next day, although WR/DLR suffered 168 casualties in the process. On 22 April 1945, the 12th Motorised Brigade reached Camposanto, which had been previously liberated by American troops. On the afternoon of 24 April, the 12th reached the banks of the Po River, rounding up 487 German prisoners in the process.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Post-War Activity
After the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, the 12th was assigned occupation duty in the Aosta Valley on the Franco-Italian border. An official announcement was made by the Union Defence Force on 9 August that South Africans abroad would be sent home in waves, with priority given to those who had served abroad for the longest time. As demobilisation took place on an individual basis, unit structure was lost. By 26 February 1946, all South African soldiers had been sent home.


12th Motorised Brigade (South Africa), Retirement
Separate units of the 12th Motorised Brigade demobilised on different dates. The 1st Witwatersrand Rifles and Regiment de la Rey disbanded on 30 June 1943, forming the combined WR/DLR regiment that lasted until 8 May 1945. The First City Regiment disbanded on 5 October 1943. FC/CTH, RB/RPS, and RNC all demobilised on 8 May 1945.


12th Mounted Rifles
The 12th Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. The regiment was formed 1 October 1913 in St. Avold.


12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was convened from September 1–11, 1982, five years before the 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party convened. The path of modernization through socialism was laid out.


12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
It was preceded by the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. It coincided with the time in which leader Deng Xiaoping was Chairman of the Central Advisory Commission.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ XII, 12th National Congress of Delegates) was the twelfth party congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam that was held at the My Dinh National Convention Centre, Hanoi. The party convened on January 18, 2016 and lasted until January 20. The Congress elected the 200-member Party Central Committee, composed of 180 official members and 20 alternate members.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The new committee then elected 19 members of the Central Politburo and the Central Committee in the First Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee, which included four key government positions: Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary—the head of the Politburo, Trần Đại Quang was nominated as the President of Vietnam—the head of the state and ranked second in the Politburo, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc was elected as the Prime Minister—the head of the government and ranked third in the Politburo, and Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân was elected as Chairwoman of the National Assembly of Vietnam—the legislative speaker of National assembly, ranked fourth in the Politburo.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam included an assessment of the country's national leadership and development that had occurred over the past 30 years of reform. At the same time, the party evaluated the implementation of the 11th National Congress' policies from 2011 to 2015, and set new policies to be implemented over the period from 2016 to 2020. The Doi Moi economic reforms have benefited Vietnam's society, resulting in an ongoing transformation of the state. Vietnam experienced a shift regarding the basis of regime legitimacy, with a change from nationalism and socialist ideology to performance, as well as a shift towards a diversified foreign policy through strategic partnerships and economic cooperation.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, Central Committee's nomination
The 12th Congress elected the Central Committee on January 26, 2016, but the committee's membership was effectively decided five weeks earlier at the 13th Plenum of the 11th Central Committee (December 14-21, 2015). Following this, the 14th Plenum, held one week before the 12th Congress, finalised the 11th Central Committee's recommendations for the top posts in the party-state. A few months later, the National Assembly formally appointed the General Secretary, President, Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Assembly for the next five years.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, Central Committee's nomination
Before the Politburo's nominations were published, Trong was considered to have a disadvantage as he exceeded the age limit of sixty for incumbent members. However, the final declaration showed his success not only because of a power struggle between Nguyen Tan Dung and Nguyen Phu Trong, but also an equilibrium of domestic politics between different factions.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, New leadership, General Secretary
Phuong Nguyen noted that "Trong’s reappointment was a crucial development which set the tone for Vietnam’s politics and direction in the wake of the congress," and that, after a competition with Dung, these political developments are viewed as signs that public opinion and elite factionalism will play an increasing role in Vietnam's foreign policy.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, New leadership, General Secretary
This is supported by the fact that during the 2013 National Assembly confidence vote, Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung won the full support of just 42% of the national assembly and was given “low confidence” ratings by about a third of the house, in contrast to President Truong Tan Sang, who won 330 high-confidence votes from the 498 lawmakers and only 28 low-confidence ballots. Dung's low confidence vote was a reaction to his promotion of centralized leadership; Dung's intention of being a strong General Secretary would undermine the Central Committee, which favors a division of power at the top. Party chief Nguyen Phu Trong, who had led an "anybody but Dung" coalition, emerged to squash Dung's ambition by attacking his loyalty to the party, management track record, and fitness to lead.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, New leadership, General Secretary
Dung's aggressive politics turned many people against him. National Assembly Chair Nguyen Sinh Hung, a rent seeker, joined Trong's camp because Dung constantly expanded his control of the banking sector, which could have potentially unveiled corruption on Hung's part. This directly resulted in the imbalance between Trong's and Dung's camps, leaving Dung relatively isolated in the Politburo. Consequently, in 2015, Dung failed to gain the Politburo's support for his General Secretary candidacy.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, New leadership, Politburo
The Politburo is elected by the Central Committee during its first session. The Politburo members are ranked in the official order of precedence every time the body is elected.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, New leadership, Politburo
On May 9, 2018, the Seventh Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee dismissed him from the party.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Preparations, New leadership, Politburo
After the 12th National Congress, the Politburo made several adjustments, including a vote on the nomination of Nguyen Phu Trong as president on October 3, after the death of Trần Đại Quang's in September.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Evaluation of the new leadership
Trong's reappointment was an important development that set the tone for Vietnam's politics and direction after the conference. The primary task of his mission was to reaffirm the authority of the party in all decisions, to alleviate corruption and rent-seeking behavior, and to provide a sense of direction for the next phase of Vietnam's doi moi efforts. The new leadership suggests that the party and government leadership is now more united in fighting corruption and promoting economic reforms.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Evaluation of the new leadership
As such, several powerful figures have entered the politburo and are playing a significant role into the state's development plan: Nguyen Xuan Phuc, a former Deputy Prime Minister and economist by training, was appointed Prime Minister; Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, former Vice-Chair of the National Assembly became Chairwoman of the legislature, making her the first woman to ever hold that post; Vuong Dinh Hue, a former head of the party central economic committee, became the Deputy Prime Minister; Dinh The Huynh, the previous party's propaganda chief took the position of Executive Secretary of the party secretariat.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Evaluation of the new leadership
Phuc and Hue are responsible for setting a broad economic restructuring agenda and comprehensive financial sector reforms for 2016 – 2020. Huynh supports Trong's party-building efforts by preventing and rooting out elements seen as ideologically deviant or too corrupt. However, the behavior of Trong can be seen as a further attack on rent-seeking people who previously supported Dung in the name of anti-corruption. There are three main camps of speculations regarding Dung's retreat from the politburo.


12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Evaluation of the new leadership
The first one thinks that Dung's strategic retreat was a temporary one for a balance between the North and South. Chinese scholar Zhao Weihua and Jin Dongli announced: "Nguyen Tan Dung actively chose to ‘slow and retreat’ and did not oppose the continued retention of Trong, but in exchange for the political ally of the southern faction, Nguyen Xuan Phuc, Tran Dai Quang and Nguyen Thị Kim Ngan." The three were pushed to the top leadership positions to balance the power of the Northern Part.