113th Wing, History, Korean War activation
In the fall of 1950, the Air National Guard implemented the wing base organization ("Hobson Plan") used by the regular air force. The 113th Fighter Wing was formed as the headquarters for the 113th Fighter Group and its supporting units. With the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized and the 113th Wing was called to active duty on 1 February 1951. The wing was assigned to Air Defense Command (ADC) and was redesignated as the 113th Fighter-Interceptor Wing. Its 113th Fighter-Interceptor Group was composed of the District of Columbia Air National Guard 121st and Delaware Air National Guard 142d Fighter-Interceptor Squadrons, both equipped with Republic F-84C Thunderjets, along with the Pennsylvania Air National Guard North American F-51D Mustang equipped 148th Fighter Squadron From Spaatz Field, Reading.


113th Wing, History, Korean War activation
On 20 March ADC redesignated the 113th Fighter Wing as the 113th Fighter-Interceptor Wing. The wing was moved from Andrews AFB to join with the 142nd FIS at Newcastle Air Force Base, Delaware. Its mission was the air defense of Delaware Bay and the Delmarva Peninsula.


113th Wing, History, Korean War activation
In April 1951, with the 116th Fighter Squadron at Geiger AFB, Washington slated to switch to F-86As, the 113th FIG sent fifteen pilots to Geiger to obtain their F-84Cs for use by the 148th FIS. These aircraft were considered to be "so poor" that they were all flown to the 113th Maintenance Squadron, then at Dover AFB, Delaware for total refurbishment before they would be accepted by the 148th FIS.


113th Wing, History, Korean War activation
In September 1951 the 113th FIW converted to F-94B Starfires with partial all-weather capabilities. During the six months the newly constituted 113th FIW was operational with the F-84C, each squadron had lost one example in an operational accident. Its federalization period ending, the 113th FIW was released from active duty and returned to District of Columbia control, 1 November 1952.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
With its return to District of Columbia control, the 121st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was re-equipped with propeller-driven F-51H Mustangs and resumed its air defense mission of Washington, D.C. It was not until 1954, with the phaseout of the Mustang and the requirement by ADC that its interceptor squadrons be equipped with jet-powered aircraft that the squadron was upgraded to postwar-era F-86A Sabres that had been refurbished and reconditioned before being received.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
In August 1954, the 121st began standing daytime air defense alert at Andrews, placing two aircraft at the end of the runway with pilots in the cockpit from one hour before sunrise until one hour after sunset. This ADC alert lasted each and every day until the end of October 1958


113th Wing, History, Cold War
Despite the reconditioning, the F-86A Sabres were weary and required a considerable amount of maintenance to keep in the air. In 1955, the 113th sent them to storage at Davis-Monthan AFB and received F-86E Sabres from active-duty ADC units that were receiving F-89 Scorpion interceptors. In 1957, the F-86H was already being phased out of active service with the USAF, being replaced by the F-100 Super Sabre, and  the 121st received F-86H Sabres in late 1957.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
In late 1958, the gaining command for the 113th was changed from ADC to Tactical Air Command (TAC) and the mission of the wing was changed to tactical air support, although the air defense of Washington remained as a secondary mission. The Sabres were phased out in 1960 with the receipt of relatively new F-100C Super Sabres from active duty units receiving the F-100D model. The Super Sabre was a major improvement over the F-86H and it gave the wing a major increase in capability as well as it entering the supersonic age.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
In January 1968, a new crisis, the seizure of the American ship USS Pueblo by North Korean forces, and again the 113th was called to active duty. The wing was activated to federal service, and its personnel were assigned to Myrtle Beach AFB, South Carolina as a filler unit while the base's permanent unit, the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing was deployed to Kunsan Air Base, South Korea. At Myrtle Beach AFB, the federalized NJ ANG 119th Tactical Fighter Squadron joined the 121st TFS on active duty. However, not all wing personnel were sent to Myrtle Beach, as personnel were spread throughout the United States, Taiwan, Korea, and South Vietnam.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
The 113 TFW returned to Andrews AFB in June 1969, and transitioned into the F-105D Thunderchief (AKA "Thud") in 1971, receiving Vietnam War veteran aircraft that were being withdrawn from combat. The 113th was one of four Air National Guard units to receive the F-105, which was a very large and complex aircraft.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
The 113th was fortunate to have many Vietnam Veteran airmen in its ranks by 1970, many of whom had F-105 experience. The Thud was the first USAF supersonic tactical fighter-bomber that was developed from scratch. All others before it were adaptations of aircraft that had originally been developed as pure fighters.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
In December 1974, the 113th Tactical Fighter Group was inactivated, with the 121st TFS being assigned directly to the 113th Tactical Fighter Wing.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
In 1981 at the end of its service life, the F-105s were retired, with the 113th TFW receiving F-4D Phantom IIs, again receiving Vietnam War veteran aircraft from active-duty units receiving F-15A and F-16A/B next-generation fighter aircraft. With the F-4, the 113th returned to the air defense mission, becoming part of Air Defense, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC), a named unit at the Numbered Air Force echelon of TAC. ADTAC had taken over the mission of Aerospace Defense Command in 1979 when the command was inactivated; the D.C. Air National Guard using the Phantoms for Washington, D.C. air defense.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
The 113th operated the Phantoms throughout the 1980s, retiring the Phantoms at the end of their service life in 1989. In turn, the 121st FS started receiving F-16A/B Fighting Falcons in September 1989. These were block 5 and 10 models coming from various regular USAF units converting to more modern F-16C/D models. The Wing retained its air defense and attack mission, however the early block 5 and 10 models really designed to do. In the air defense role these models lacked any BVR capability, limiting them only to close range combat with their gun and Sidewinder missiles. In the attack role these aircraft were able to deploy bombs, but with their smaller stabs the center of gravity of these aircraft was far from ideal making it quite a challenge for the pilots to fly these missions.


113th Wing, History, Cold War
The 113th Tactical Fighter Wing was not mobilized during the 1991 Gulf Crisis, remaining in the United States with its air defense mission. D. C. Air National Guard volunteers, however were deployed to CENTAF during the crisis and subsequent combat operations as part of Operation Desert Storm.


113th Wing, History, Air Combat Command
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 and Operation Desert Storm, Air Force planners reorganized the major command structure and the organization of its units to reflect the new reality of the 1990s and also a smaller force after the end of the Cold War. Tactical Air Command was replaced by Air Combat Command (ACC) as the gaining command for the 113th effective 1 June 1992. On 15 March 1992, the 113th adopted the new Air Force Objective Organization, which re-designated the wing as the 113th Fighter Wing. The 113th Tactical Fighter Group was reactivated as the 113th Operations Group, and the 121st Fighter Squadron was transferred to the 113th OG. Other support groups under the Objective Wing organization are the 179th Maintenance Group, 179th Mission Support Group and the 179th Medical Group.


113th Wing, History, Air Combat Command
On 20 June 1992, Detachment 1 HQ, District of Columbia Air National Guard was re-designated as the 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia Air National Guard. The 201st Airlift Squadron provides short notice worldwide transportation for the Executive Branch, Congressional Members, Department of Defense officials and high-ranking U.S. and foreign dignitaries in support of the 89th Airlift Wing. The continuing efforts to upgrade and expand the squadron’s worldwide capabilities led to the acquisition of two C-38As in 1998 and two C-40Bs (Boeing 737) in 2002.


113th Wing, History, Air Combat Command
In 1994 the 121st traded its early F-16A/B aircraft for Block 30 F-16C/D Fighting Falcon which upgraded its capabilities considerably. In May 1996, the 121st Fighter Squadron deployed personnel and aircraft to Al Jaber Air Base, Kuwait to support Operation Southern Watch (OSW). The 121st FS was the first Air National Guard unit to fly OSW. Operation Southern Watch was an operation which was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone below the 32nd parallel north in Iraq. This mission was initiated mainly to cover for attacks of Iraqi forces on the Iraqi Shi’ite Muslims. In July 1996, the squadron returned to Andrews AFB.


113th Wing, History, Air Combat Command
In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.


113th Wing, History, Air Combat Command
In February 1997 the 121st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron (121st EFS) was first formed from 113th personnel and aircraft and deployed to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey in support of Operation Northern Watch (ONW). Operation Northern Watch was a US European Command Combined Task Force (CTF) who was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone above the 36th parallel north in Iraq. This mission was a successor to Operation Provide Comfort which also entailed support for the Iraqi Kurds. The 121st EFS returned to Andrews in April 1997. The 121st EFS was again formed in January 1998 when the Wing was tasked with a second Operation Northern Watch deployment to Incirlik Air Base. This time the deployment was only for a month with less than 100 personnel being deployed.


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
On 11 September 2001, the wing was given authorization for its pilots to shoot down threatening aircraft over Washington DC.


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
After the events of 11 September 2001 the squadron took on an Air Sovereignty Alert Detachment role, stationing a number of aircraft at air force bases around the country to fly alert missions as part of Operation Noble Eagle (ONE).


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
During one of those missions, on 11 May 2005 the squadron scrambled to intercept an aircraft that wandered into the no-fly zone around the White House. Customs officials had also scrambled a Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter and a UC-35B Cessna Citation jet at 11:47 a.m. to intercept the plane. The Customs aircraft gave way when the F-16s arrived flew on the wing tips of the little plane. They dipped their wings – a pilot's signal to 'follow me' – and tried to raise the pilot on the radio.


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
But the Cessna didn't change course and it was flying too slow for the F-16s. The frustrated pilots had to take turns dropping flares, breaking away and returning to drop more flares. One senior Bush administration counter-terrorism official said it was 'a real finger-biting period' because they came very close to ordering a shot against a general aircraft. Finally, when the Cessna came within three miles of the White House – just a few minutes flying time – it altered course.


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
In its 2005 BRAC Recommendations, the DoD recommended that Cannon Air Force Base be closed. As a result, it would distribute the 27th Fighter Wing’s F-16 Fighting Falcons to the 113th Wing (nine aircraft) and several other installations. The committee said that this move would sustain the active/Air National Guard/Air Force Reserve force mix by replacing aircraft that retire in the 2025 Force Structure Plan. However, the base was temporarily removed from closure 26 August 2005, pending review of new mission assignment.


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
On 6 May 2008, the squadron flew its 2000th scramble since the events of 11 September 2001. Most scrambles do not lead to such stories as noted above.


113th Wing, History, Post 9/11
The 121st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron has been formed and deployed numerous times as part of the Global War on Terrorism. Supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the 121st EFS deployed to Balad Air Base, Iraq, in 2003, 2007 and 2010. A deployment to Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) was made between October 2011 and January 2012.


113th Wing, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


113th meridian east
The meridian 113° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


113th meridian east
The 113th meridian east forms a great circle with the 67th meridian west.


113th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 113th meridian east passes through:


113th meridian west
The meridian 113° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


113th meridian west
The 113th meridian west forms a great circle with the 67th meridian east.


113th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 113th meridian west passes through:


114 (number)
114 (one hundred [and] fourteen) is the natural number following 113 and preceding 115.


114 BC
Year 114 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Balbus and Cato (or, less frequently, year 640 Ab urbe condita) and the Third Year of Yuanding. The denomination 114 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


114 Kassandra
Kassandra (minor planet designation: 114 Kassandra) is a large and dark main-belt asteroid. It belongs to the rare class T. It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on July 23, 1871, and is named after Cassandra, the prophetess in the tales of the Trojan War. The asteroid is featured in the 2009 film Meteor, in which it is split in two by a comet, and set on a collision course with Earth.


114 Kassandra
This object is classified as a rare T-type asteroid, with parts of the spectrum displaying properties similar to the mineral troilite and to carbonaceous chondrite. The shape of the spectrum also appears similar to fine grain from the Ornans meteorite, which landed in France in 1868. The light curve for this asteroid displays a period of 10.758 ± 0.004 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 ± 0.01 in magnitude.


114 Kassandra
During 2001, 114 Kassandra was observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 100 ± 14 km. This is consistent with the asteroid dimensions computed through other means.


114 Kassandra, In popular media
The 2009 miniseries Meteor featured 114 Kassandra being sent on a collision course with Earth due to a comet impact and the effort by scientists to stop it.


114 Squadron (Israel)
The 114 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force, also known as the Night Leaders Squadron, is a helicopter squadron of CH-53-2000 Sea Stallions based at Tel Nof Airbase.


114 Sul station
114 Sul is a Brasília Metro station on Orange and Green lines. It was opened on 31 March 2001 on the inaugural section of the line, from Central to Terminal Samambaia and Praça do Relógio. It is located between 112 Sul and Terminal Asa Sul.


114 Tauri
114 Tauri, or o Tauri, is a single, blue-white hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.88. The distance to this star, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 5.22±0.21 mas, is roughly 620 light years. It is moving further from the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of 16.5 km/s, having come as close as 240 ly (75 pc) some 9.6 million years ago. It is a member of the Cas-Tau OB association of co-moving stars, and has a peculiar velocity of 8.3 km/s.


114 Tauri
Grenier et al. (1999) assigned this star to a stellar classification of B2.5 IV, which matches the luminosity class of an evolving subgiant star. Abt (2008) listed it as a B-type main-sequence star with a class of B2.5 V. With an age of about 22 million years, 114 Tauri has an estimated 7 times the mass of the Sun and four times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating about 2,454 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 20,700 K. It appears to be have a relatively low rotation rate for a star of its mass and age, showing a projected rotational velocity of 10 km/s.


1140
Year 1140 (MCXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1140 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1140 kHz: 1140 AM is a Mexican and United States clear-channel frequency. XEMR Monterrey, Mexico, and WRVA Richmond, Virginia, share Class A status of 1140 AM.


1140 Crimea
1140 Crimea, provisional designation 1929 YC, is a stony asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 December 1929, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula, after which it was named.


1140 Crimea, Orbit and classification
Crimea is a S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS taxonomic scheme. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 7 months (1,685 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. First identified as A922 HA at Simeiz in 1922, the body's observation arc begins at Uccle in 1935, or 16 years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1140 Crimea, Lightcurves
In April 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Crimea was obtained by American astronomer Robert Stephens at Santana Observatory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.77 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 magnitude (U=3). Photometric observations by amateur astronomers Federico Manzini and Pierre Antonini in March 2014, gave a concurring period of 9.784 hours with an amplitude of 0.23 magnitude (U=2). In addition, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and other sources gave a period 9.7869 hours, as well as a spin axis of (12.0°, -73.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (U=n.a. ).


1140 Crimea, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Crimea measures between 27.75 and 29.18 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.160 and 0.177 (without preliminary results). The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.1772 and a diameter of 27.75 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.28.


1140 Crimea, Naming
This minor planet was named for the Crimean Peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea, where the discovering Simeiz Observatory is located. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 106).


11409 Horkheimer
11409 Horkheimer, provisional designation 1999 FD9, is a Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 March 1999, by astronomers of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona. The likely C-type asteroid was named for American science communicator Jack Horkheimer.


11409 Horkheimer, Orbit and classification
Horkheimer is a core member of the Themis family (602), a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,079 days; semi-major axis of 3.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1988 HY at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in April 1988, or 11 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.


11409 Horkheimer, Physical characteristics
Horkheimer has an absolute magnitude of 12.8. While its spectral type has not been determined, it is likely a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, typical for members of the Themis family. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.


11409 Horkheimer, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Horkheimer measures 15.355 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.053, typical for carbonaceous asteroids.


11409 Horkheimer, Naming
This minor planet was named after Jack F. Horkheimer (1938–2010), director of the Planetarium at the former Miami Science Museum, who was the creator and host of the television program Jack Horkheimer: Star Gazer. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 9 January 2001 (M.P.C. 41938).


1140s
The 1140s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1140, and ended on December 31, 1149.


1140s BC
The 1140s BC is a decade which lasted from 1149 BC to 1140 BC.


1140s in England, Incumbents
Monarch – Stephen (to 8 April 1141), Matilda (to 1 November 1141), Stephen


1140s in art
The decade of the 1140s in art involved some significant events.


1140s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1140s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted:


1140s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1141
Year 1141 (MCXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1141 Bohmia
1141 Bohmia, provisional designation 1930 AA, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 4 January 1930. The asteroid was named after German philanthropist Katharina Bohm-Waltz.


1141 Bohmia, Orbit and classification
Bohmia is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,249 days; semi-major axis 2.27 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in January 1930.


1141 Bohmia, Physical characteristics
Bohmia's spectral type is unknown. However, its albedo is similar to that of the Flora family's parent body, 8 Flora, which is a stony S-type asteroid.


1141 Bohmia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Bohmia measures 5.642 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.251.


1141 Bohmia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
No rotational lightcurve of Bohmia has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's rotation period, poles and shape remain unknown.


1141 Bohmia, Naming
This minor planet was named after Katharina Bohm-Waltz (died 1901), a German philanthropist who donated a 0.72-meter reflecting telescope (named Waltz reflector) to the discovering Heidelberg Observatory. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).


1142
Year 1142 (MCXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1142 Aetolia
1142 Aetolia, provisional designation 1930 BC, is a stony background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory and named for the Greek region Aetolia.


1142 Aetolia, Orbit and classification
Aetolia has not been associated with any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,076 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.


1142 Aetolia, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A902 GB at Heidelberg in April 1902. The body's observation arc begins at the USNO in May 1908, or 22 years prior to its official discovery observation.


1142 Aetolia, Physical characteristics
Aetolia has been characterized as a common stony S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


1142 Aetolia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In May 2010, two rotational lightcurves of Aetolia were independently obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer René Roy and by Russell Durkee at the S.O.S. Observatory (H39) near Minneapolis, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 10.730 and 10.74 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 and 0.22 in magnitude, respectively (U=3-/3-). A more recent and lower-rated observation gave a divergent period of 7.68 hours (U=2).


1142 Aetolia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Aetolia measures between 22.135 and 24.92 kilometers in diameter  and its surface has an albedo between 0.216 and 0.273.


1142 Aetolia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 27.10 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.2.


1142 Aetolia, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Greek region Aetolia, north of the Gulf of Patras. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).


11429 Demodokus
11429 Demodokus /dɪˈmɒdəkəs/ is a mid-sized Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 38 kilometers (24 miles) in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey at the Palomar Observatory in 1960 and later named after the blind singer Demodocus from Greek mythology. The dark Jovian asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 50.2 hours.


11429 Demodokus, Discovery
Demodokus was discovered on 24 September 1960, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar.


11429 Demodokus, Discovery, Palomar–Leiden survey
The survey designation "P-L" stands for "Palomar–Leiden", named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.


11429 Demodokus, Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Demodocus, the blind singer at the court of King Alcinous, who is the ruler of the Phaiacians in Homer's Odyssey. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 January 2000 (M.P.C. 38201).


11429 Demodokus, Orbit and classification
Demodokus is a dark Jupiter trojan in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the leading Greek camp at the Gas Giant's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead on its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.1–5.4 AU once every 12.04 years (4,397 days; semi-major axis of 5.25 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.


11429 Demodokus, Physical characteristics
Demodokus is an assumed C-type asteroid, while the majority of larger Jupiter trojans are D-types.


11429 Demodokus, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In February 2014, a rotational lightcurve of Demodokus was obtained over five consecutive nights of photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies. Lightcurve analysis gave a longer-than average rotation period of 50.16±0.06 hours with a relatively low brightness amplitude of 0.18 magnitude (U=2).


11429 Demodokus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Demodokus measures 37.63 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.086, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 46.3 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.4.


11429 Demodokus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


1143
Year 1143 (MCXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1143 Odysseus
1143 Odysseus /oʊˈdɪsiːəs/, provisional designation 1930 BH, is a large Jupiter trojan located in the Greek camp of Jupiter's orbit. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and later named after Odysseus, the legendary hero from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours. With a diameter of approximately 125 kilometers (78 miles), it is among the 10 largest Jovian trojans.


1143 Odysseus, Orbit and classification
Odysseus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population.


1143 Odysseus, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.8–5.7 AU once every 12 years (4,393 days; semi-major axis of 5.25 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. As a Jupiter Trojan it is in a very stable orbit. Its closest approach to any major planet will be on 5 May 2083 when it will still be 3.104 AU (464,000,000 km; 289,000,000 mi) from Mars. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in February 1930, three weeks after its official discovery observation.


1143 Odysseus, Naming
This minor planet was named after the ancient Greek hero Odysseus (Odysseus Laertiades) in Homer's epic poem Odyssey. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107). Another Jupiter trojan, 5254 Ulysses, is named after the Latin variant of Odysseus.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics
Odysseus is a dark D-type asteroid in both the Tholen classification and Bus–DeMeo classification.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Odysseus measures between 114.62 and 130.81 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.050 and 0.0753.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0753 and a diameter of 125.64 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 7.93. In May 2005, an asteroid occultation gave a best-fit dimension of 126 km × 126 km for the major and minor axis of the occultation ellipse.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
An estimated mean-diameter of 130, 125 and 114 kilometers measured by Akari, IRAS and WISE, makes Odysseus the 7th, 8th or 10th largest Jupiter Trojan, respectively.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
A large number of rotational lightcurves of Odysseus have been obtained since its first photometric observation by Richard Binzel in January 1988. In June 1994, the first accurate measurement of the asteroid's rotation period was made by Stefano Mottola using the former Bochum 0.61-metre Telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile.


1143 Odysseus, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
As of 2018, analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from observations by the Kepler space observatory during its K2 mission observing Campaign Field 6 in September 2015, gave a well-defined period of 10.114 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.20 magnitude (U=3).


1143 papal election
The 1143 papal election followed the death of Pope Innocent II and resulted in the election of Pope Celestine II.


1143 papal election, Election of Celestine II
Pope Innocent II died on 24 September 1143, at Rome. During the first eight years of his pontificate he faced the schism with Antipope Anacletus II (1130–1138), which finally ended in May 1138 with abdication and submission of Anacletus’ successor Antipope Victor IV (1138). The Second Lateran Council in April 1139 deposed from the ecclesiastical offices all former adherents of the Anacletus.


1143 papal election, Election of Celestine II
However, despite the triumph over the antipope, the last years of Innocent' pontificate were not successful - papal armies were defeated by King Roger II of Sicily, who had received the crown from Anacletus II and demanded the recognition of his title from Innocent II. After the lost battle of Galluccio on July 22, 1139 the pope was taken prisoner by Roger and was forced to confirm all privileges given to the king by Anacletus II. Soon afterwards new serious problem arose at the city of Rome. In 1143, shortly before Innocent's death, the Roman people created a municipal commune which rejected the secular rule of the Papacy in the Eternal City. The election of Innocent’ successor took place in the shadow of this municipal revolution.


1143 papal election, Election of Celestine II
The cardinals present at Rome assembled in the Lateran Basilica and on 26 September 1143 elected Cardinal Guido del Castello of S. Marco, who had previously served as legate of Innocent II before king Roger in 1137, and was the first cardinal known to hold the title of magister. He took the name Celestine II and was consecrated on the same day.


1143 papal election, Cardinal-electors
There were probably 30 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in September 1143. Basing on the examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1143 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals it is possible to establish that no more than 23 cardinals participated in the election:


1143 papal election, Cardinal-electors
Eighteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II, two by Pope Callixtus II, one by Pope Honorius II and one by Pope Paschalis II.


1144
Year 1144 (MCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1144 Oda
1144 Oda, provisional designation 1930 BJ, is a dark Hildian asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 57 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid's name is a German female name, not related to the discoverer's contemporaries.


1144 Oda, Orbit and classification
Oda belongs to the dynamical Hilda group which is located in the outermost part of the main belt. Asteroids in this group have semi-major axis between 3.7 and 4.2 AU and stay in a 3:2 resonance with the gas giant Jupiter. Oda, however, is a non-family background asteroid, i.e. not a member of the collisional Hilda family (001).


1144 Oda, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the outer main belt at a distance of 3.4–4.1 AU once every 7 years and 3 months (2,651 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, two months after its official discovery observation.


1144 Oda, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Oda is a dark and reddish D-type asteroid. It has also been characterized as an X-type by PanSTARRS photometric survey.


1144 Oda, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In May 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Oda was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 44.023 hours with a brightness variation of 0.41 magnitude (U=2). A previously measured period of 14.4 is now considered incorrect (U=1).


1144 Oda, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
While not being a slow rotator, which have periods above 100 hours, Oda's spin rate is significantly longer than that of most other asteroids that have periods shorter than 20 hours.


1144 Oda, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Oda measures between 56.347 and 64.21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.043 and 0.061.


1144 Oda, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0583 and a diameter of 57.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.9.


1144 Oda, Naming
This minor planet was named after a girl's name picked from the German popular calendar Der Lahrer hinkende Bote (de).


1144 Oda, Naming
As with 913 Otila, Reinmuth selected names from this calendar due to his many asteroid discoveries that he had trouble thinking of proper names. These names are not related to the discoverer's contemporaries. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names learned about Reinmuth's source of inspiration from private communications with Dutch astronomer Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who worked as a young astronomer at Heidelberg.


1144 papal election
The 1144 papal election followed the death of Pope Celestine II and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius II.


1144 papal election, Election of Lucius II
Pope Celestine II died on 8 March 1144 at Rome, after a pontificate of only five months. The election of his successor took place in the shadow of this municipal revolution, which opposed the secular rule of the Pope. Celestine II was unable to recover full control over the city of Rome; in addition he had to face also the demands of the king Roger II of Sicily. This problem remained unresolved on his death, because he had refused to confirm the privileges granted to Roger by his predecessor Innocent II.


1144 papal election, Election of Lucius II
The cardinals present at Rome elected Cardinal Gerardo Caccianemici, priest of the titulus of S. Croce in Gerusalemme and former canon regular of S. Frediano di Lucca. The details concerning the place of the election or the exact date of electoral proceedings are not registered. Since the elect was chancellor of the Holy See and close collaborator of both Innocent II and Celestine II, it may be assumed that the cardinals wanted to continue their policy, friendly towards the Empire and hostile towards the king Roger. The elect took the name Lucius II and received episcopal consecration on 12 March 1144.


1144 papal election, Cardinal-electors
There were probably 39 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in March 1144. Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1144 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals, it is possible to establish that no more than 36 cardinals participated in the election:


1144 papal election, Cardinal-electors
Twenty two electors were created by Pope Innocent II, ten by Celestine II, two by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II.


11441 Anadiego
11441 Anadiego, provisional designation 1975 YD, is a stony background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 December 1975, by Argentine astronomer Mario R. Cesco at the El Leoncito Complex in western Argentina. It was named in memory of Argentine political activist Ana Diego.


11441 Anadiego, Orbit and classification
Anadiego orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 1.9–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,498 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, the asteroid's observation arc starts with its discovery observation in 1975.


11441 Anadiego, Physical characteristics
Anadiego has been characterized as a common S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


11441 Anadiego, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
A rotational lightcurve was obtained for this asteroid by astronomer Kevin Hills at the Australian Riverland Dingo Observatory in February 2013. It gave a rotation period of 3.179±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 magnitude (U=2).


11441 Anadiego, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Anadiego measures 6.8 and 7.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.287 and 0.254, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a lower standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20, and, correspondingly calculates a larger diameter of 8.2 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.8.


11441 Anadiego, Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of Ana Teresa Diego (1954–1976), an astronomy student at La Plata Astronomical Observatory and political activist, who was kidnapped and disappeared in September 1976, by unidentified persons believed working for the military junta then ruling Argentina. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. 77501).


1145
Year 1145 (MCXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1145 Robelmonte
1145 Robelmonte, provisional designation 1929 CC, is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 23 kilometers in diameter.


1145 Robelmonte
It was discovered on 3 February 1929, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. Through a glitch in the naming process, the asteroid received the name "Robelmonte" instead of "Mimi" as originally intended by the discoverer.


1145 Robelmonte, Orbit and classification
Robelmonte is a member of the Vesta family (401), the main-belt's second-largest asteroid family by number of members. Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to the HED meteorites and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from Rheasilvia, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. Vesta is the main belt's second-largest and second-most-massive body after Ceres.


1145 Robelmonte, Orbit and classification
Robelmonte  orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,378 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first identified as A915 RN at Simeiz Observatory in September 1915. Its observation arc begins at Algiers Observatory in August 1930, more than a year after its official discovery observation at Uccle.


1145 Robelmonte, Physical characteristics
Robelmonte is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, despite its relatively low albedo.


1145 Robelmonte, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In March 2016, the best-rated rotational lightcurve of Robelmonte was obtained from photometric observations by the  Spanish amateur astronomer group OBAS (Observadores de Asteroides – Asteroid Observers). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude (U=3-). Previous observations gave a divergent period of 7.582, 9.01 and 21 hours, respectively (U=2/2/1).


1145 Robelmonte, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Robelmonte measures between 18.85 and 24.757 kilometers in diameter  and its surface has an albedo between 0.1046 and 0.16.


1145 Robelmonte, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives a low albedo of 0.0994 and a diameter of 23.16 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.3.


1145 Robelmonte, Naming
This minor planet was named after Robelmont, the birthplace of Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend (Robelmonte is the feminine form). Through an error, the names intended for 1127 Mimi (wife of Delporte) and 1145 Robelmonte (birthplace of Arend) had been switched, and each name had been proposed by the discoverer of the other asteroid. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).


1145 aluminium alloy
1145 Aluminium alloy is a nearly pure aluminium alloy with minor impurities like copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, titanium, silicon and iron.


1145 papal election
The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians.


1145 papal election, Election of Eugene III
Pope Lucius II, during the whole of his pontificate, had to face the municipal commune at Rome, hostile towards the secular rule of the popes in the Eternal City. The republican faction elected Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, to the post of senator, and demanded that Lucius relinquish all temporal matters into his hands. The pope refused and led a small army against the seat of the commune on Capitol. He was defeated and seriously wounded in this attack, and died on 15 February 1145 in the church of S. Gregorio in clivo scauri.


1145 papal election, Election of Eugene III
The cardinals present at Rome quickly assembled in the church of San Cesareo in Palatio and on the very same day unanimously elected to the papacy Bernardo da Pisa, pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane near Rome and probably did not belong to the College of Cardinals. The elect took the name of Eugene III. Due to hostility of the Roman people, his consecration took place in the monastery of Farfa on 18 February 1145.


1145 papal election, Cardinal-electors
There were probably 40 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in February 1145. Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1145 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals it is possible to establish that no more than 34 cardinals participated in the election:


1145 papal election, Cardinal-electors
Thirteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II, nine by Celestine II, eleven by Lucius II, one by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II.


1146
Year 1146 (MCXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1146 Biarmia
1146 Biarmia, provisional designation 1929 JF, is a metallic background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 May 1929, by Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named for the Bjarmaland mentioned in Norse sagas.


1146 Biarmia, Orbit and classification
Biarmia is not a member of any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.3–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,940 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.


1146 Biarmia, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A913 KA at Winchester Observatory (799) in June 1913. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1146 Biarmia, Physical characteristics
Biarmia has been characterized in several observations as a metallic M-type asteroid. In the Tholen classification, it is an X-type asteroid which also includes the M-types as a subgroup.


1146 Biarmia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
The best-rated rotational lightcurves of Biarmia were obtained from photometric observations at the Etscorn Observatory (719), New Mexico, and at the S.O.S. Observatory (H39) in Minnesota, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.468 and 5.4700 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.22 and 0.20 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3).


1146 Biarmia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Other observations received a lower rating or have since been retracted. Warner's period of 11.514 hours was later revised to 5.33 (U=2).


1146 Biarmia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Biarmia measures between 21.59 and 38.567 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1436 and 0.455.


1146 Biarmia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, a stony albedo of 0.2190 and a diameter of 31.14 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.80.


1146 Biarmia, Naming
This minor planet was named for the Bjarmaland mentioned in Norse sagas. This legendary territory probably refers to the Russian region around Arkhangelsk on the White Sea near the Finnish border. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).


1147
Year 1147 (MCXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1147 Stavropolis
1147 Stavropolis (prov. designation: 1929 LF) is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 11 June 1929, by Georgian–Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.7 hours and measures approximately 14 kilometers (9 miles) in diameter. It was named after the Russian city of Stavropol.


1147 Stavropolis, Orbit and classification
Stavropolis is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.7–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,250 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at with its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1147 Stavropolis, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discover after the Russian city of Stavropol, located in northern Caucasus region. From 1936 to 1946, the city was named "Woroschilowsk". The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).


1147 Stavropolis, Physical characteristics
In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Stavropolis is a common stony S-type asteroid, while in the Bus–DeMeo classification, it is an Sw-subtype.


1147 Stavropolis, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
In September 2001, a rotational lightcurve of Stavropolis was obtained from photometric observations by Americans Larry Robinson and Brian Warner at the Sunflower (739) and Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Kansas and Colorado, respectively. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.66±0.01 hours with a brightness variation of 0.42 magnitude (U=3).


1147 Stavropolis, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
In October 2015, another lightcurve was obtained by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini. It gave a well-defined period of 5.66070±0.00003 hours with an amplitude of 0.32 magnitude (U=3). A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 5.66079±0.00001 hours, as well as two spin axes of (78.0°, −50.0°) and (267.0°, −51.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1147 Stavropolis, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Stavropolis measures between 10.94 and 13.898 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.146 and 0.406, while the Japanese Akari satellite found a diameter of 13.92 kilometers with an albedo of 0.145. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 14.89 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.5.


1148
Year 1148 (MCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1148 Rarahu
1148 Rarahu, provisional designation 1929 NA and previously also known as 1148 Raraju, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Alexander Deutsch at the Simeiz Observatory in 1929, the asteroid's name was taken from a French novel by Pierre Loti.


1148 Rarahu, Discovery
Rarahu was discovered on 5 July 1929, by Soviet astronomer Alexander Deutsch at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. On July 28, it was independently discovered by Cyril Jackson and Harry Wood at Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer.


1148 Rarahu, Orbit and classification
Rarahu is a member the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family of the outer main belt, named after its parent body, the asteroid 221 Eos. The family consists of nearly 10,000 asteroids.


1148 Rarahu, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,916 days; semi-major axis of 3.02 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as A924 OA at Simeiz Observatory on July 1924. The body's observation arc begins at Johannesburg in July 1929, one week after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1148 Rarahu, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Rarahu is a stony S-type asteroid. In the SMASS classification it is a K-type asteroid, which is a refined spectral type to which most members of the Eos family, including the parent body, belong to.


1148 Rarahu, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Between 2002 and 2011, three rotational lightcurves of Rarahu were obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomers René Roy, Laurent Brunetto and Pierre Antonini. Lightcurve analysis gave a consolidated rotation period of 6.5447 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.05 and 0.94 magnitude (U=3-).


1148 Rarahu, Physical characteristics, Spin axis
The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled several times and gave a concurring period of 6.54448 and 6.54449 hours, respectively. The body's spin axis has also been determined to be at (146.0°, −2.0°) and (326.0°, −2.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1148 Rarahu, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Rarahu measures between 26.311 and 49.11 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.064 and 0.2205.


1148 Rarahu, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.1393 and a diameter of 33.23 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.15.


1148 Rarahu, Naming
This minor planet's name was taken from the novel Le mariage de Loti (Loti's Marriage; 1880) by French novelist and naval officer Pierre Loti (1850–1923). The Polynesian idyll was originally titled "Rarahu", which is the Tahitian name for a girl. The official naming citation that already correctly spelled the asteroid's name (see below) was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).


1148 Rarahu, Naming, Wrong spelling
In the original publication, the German journal Astronomische Nachrichten incorrectly spelled this minor planet's name as "Raraju" rather than "Rarahu", which is the original French spelling, due to an error in the transliteration process from French to Russian and then to German. The officially corrected name was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 December 1985 (M.P.C. 10194).


1149
Year 1149 (MCXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1149 Volga
1149 Volga, provisional designation 1929 PF, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer Evgenij Skvorcov (a.k.a. Skvortsov) at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the Volga River.


1149 Volga, Orbit and classification
Volga is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,802 days; semi-major axis 2.90 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Simeiz Observatory on 5 August 1929, four nights after its official discovery observation.


1149 Volga, Physical characteristics
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized Volga as a primitive P-type asteroid, while Pan-STARRS photometric survey found it to be a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.


1149 Volga, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In October 1984, a rotational lightcurve of Volga was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a somewhat longer-than average rotation period of 27.5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (U=2).


1149 Volga, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Volga measures between 48.50 and 57.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.04.


1149 Volga, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0338 and a diameter of 55.57 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.57.


1149 Volga, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Volga River, the largest river in Europe and one of the principal ones of Russia. Its name was suggested by the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in St. Petersburg. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1967 (M.P.C. 2740).


114P/Wiseman–Skiff
It was discovered by Jennifer Wiseman in January 1987 on two photographic plates that had been taken on December 28, 1986, by Brian A. Skiff of Lowell Observatory. Wiseman and Skiff confirmed the comet on January 19, 1987.


114P/Wiseman–Skiff
Comet 114P/Wiseman–Skiff is believed to have been the parent body of a meteor shower on Mars and the source of the first meteor photographed from Mars on March 7, 2004.


114P/Wiseman–Skiff
Aphelion is located near the orbit of Jupiter. On February 25, 2043, the comet will pass 0.179 AU (26.8 million km) from Jupiter.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division
The People's Republic of China's 114th Division is a division of the People's Armed Police. Originally a division of the People's Liberation Army, it is currently designated the People's Armed Police Unit 8640 and is under the direct command of the People's Armed Police Headquarters, forming the People's Armed Police's mechanized response force. Other roles include provision of security for major public events.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division, History
Originally the unit was the 111th Division of the North-East Army which fought against the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, it was later transferred to the Eighth Route Army's Shandong Military Region, and then again to the North East People's Volunteer Army; the unit was redesignated the 114th on transfer to the 38th Army.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division, History
As the 114th, under the 38th Army, the division fought as part of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) or Chinese Communist Forces (CCF)) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. At that time it consisted of the 340th, 341st, and 342nd Regiments.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division, History
It fought the Turkish Brigade at the Battle of Wawon, November 27–29, 1950.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division, History
The formation remained for many years with the 38th Group Army in the Shenyang Military Region, as the 114th Mechanized Infantry Division. In 1996, as part of the reform of the People's Liberation Army in the 1990s the 114th (together with 13 other divisions, and some 500,000 personnel) was transferred to the People's Armed Police (PAP), becoming People's Armed Police Unit 8640, and the mechanized reserve of the PAP under the direct control of the PAP headquarters.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division, History
The 114th was chosen to represent the PAP during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade.


114th Armed Police Mobile Division, History
After the 2017 reform, the division was divided into two detachments (regiment-sized): the 5th Mobile Detachment (garrison Dingzhou, Hebei) and the 6th Mobile Detachment (garrison Baoding, Hebei) under the PAP 1st Mobile Corps.


114th Aviation Regiment
The 114th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army.


114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF
The 114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF, also known as "Brock's Rangers," was an infantry battalion of the Great War Canadian Expeditionary Force. The 114th Battalion was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 31 October 1916 where, on 11 November 1916, its personnel were absorbed by the 35th and 36th Reserve Battalions, CEF, to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion disbanded on 21 May 1917.


114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF
The 114th Battalion advertised itself as "the Indian Unit" during active recruiting and in the media, and several other battalions transferred their Indigenous Canadian recruits to the 114th.


114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF
The battalion recruited in Haldimand County and the Six Nations reserve, and was mobilized at Cayuga, Ontario.


114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF
The 114th Battalion was commanded by Lt.-Col. A.T. Thompson from 31 October 1916 to 11 November 1916.


114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF
The 114th Battalion was awarded the battle honour THE GREAT WAR 1916.


114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF
The 114th Battalion (Haldimand), CEF, is perpetuated by the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA.


114th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 114th Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army during the First World War. It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and assigned to the 38th (Welsh) Division.


114th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The brigade reformed in the Second World War as the 113th Infantry Brigade, formed as a 2nd Line duplicate of 160th Infantry Brigade.


114th Brigade (United Kingdom), First World War formation
The infantry battalions did not all serve at once, but all were assigned to the brigade during the war.


114th Delaware General Assembly
The 114th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 7, 1949, which was two weeks before the beginning of the seventh administrative year of Governor Walter W. Bacon and the third administrative year of Elbert N. Carvel as Lieutenant Governor.


114th Delaware General Assembly
Currently the distribution of the Senate Assembly seats was made to seven senators for New Castle County and for five senators to each Kent and Sussex counties. Likewise the current distribution of the House Assembly seats was made to fifteen representatives for New Castle County and for ten representatives each to Kent and Sussex counties. The actual population changes of the county did not directly affect the number of senators or representatives at this time.


114th Delaware General Assembly
In the 114th Delaware General Assembly session both chambers had a Republican majority.


114th Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
About half of the State Senators were elected every two years for a four-year term. They were from a district in a specific county, with the number of districts determined by the state constitution, not the size of the population.


114th Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
All the State Representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were from a district in a specific county, with the number of districts determined by the state constitution, not the size of the population.


114th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:58, 19 November 2019 (→top: Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


114th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 114th Division (第114師団, Dai-hyakujūyon Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was Commander Division (将兵団, Sho Heidan). It was formed on 12 October 1937 in Utsunomiya, Tochigi as a B-class square division. The nucleus for the formation was the 14th Division headquarters. It was originally subordinated to the Central China Area Army.


114th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), First formation
In October 1937 the division was subordinated to the Tenth Army and sent to ongoing Battle of Shanghai. It departed from Osaka 30 October and arrived in Hangzhou Bay on 5 November 1937, spending the next five days unloading, due to faulty landing craft. It also participated in Battle of Nanking in December 1937. In February 1938, the division was transferred to the North China Area Army and participated in the Battle of Xuzhou and Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan. Later performing a garrison duties in the North China, the division was demobilized in July 1939.


114th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Second formation
Because the 26th and 62nd divisions were sent to Pacific War, the 114th was reformed 10 July 1944 in Linfen, simultaneously with the 115th, 117th and 118th divisions. As a security (class C) division, its backbone consisted of independent infantry battalions, and division lacked an artillery regiment. The nucleus for the formation was the 3rd Independent Infantry Brigade in Yuncheng and 69th division in North China. The unit was originally assigned to the First Army. It then garrisoned the Linfen area of Shanxi along the Tongpu Railroad, taking over all of the 69th Division garrisoned territory.


114th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Second formation
By the start of Soviet invasion of Manchuria 9 August 1945, the 114th division was on move in Tianjin. After World War II ended with the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945, a significant fraction of its men have continued to fight under command of the warlord Yan Xishan in the ongoing Chinese Civil War.


114th Engineer Combat Battalion (United States)
The 114th Engineer Battalion was an engineer battalion of the United States Army. During World War II, the battalion was attached to the 32nd Infantry Division to replace the 107th Engineer Combat Battalion, which was bound for Ireland. They fought at Papua, New Guinea.


114th Field Artillery Regiment
The 114th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the Mississippi Army National Guard. The regiment's 2nd Battalion is the cannon battalion assigned to the 155th Armored Brigade Combat Team.


114th Fighter Squadron
The 114th Fighter Squadron (114 FS) is a unit of the Oregon Air National Guard 173d Fighter Wing located at Kingsley Field Air National Guard Base, Klamath Falls, Oregon. The 114th is equipped with the F-15C Eagle.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was first activated in mid-1942 as the 439th Bombardment Squadron, a B-26 Marauder medium bombardment unit. It trained under Third Air Force in Louisiana. The unit was reassigned to the European Theater of Operations (ETO), being assigned initially to VIII Air Support Command in England in September 1942. The 439th flew several missions over France and Belgium from its base in England during October, then was reassigned to the new Twelfth Air Force in Algeria.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II
During the North African Campaign, the squadron engaged in tactical bomb strikes of enemy targets, primarily in eastern Algeria and Tunisia, including railroads, airfields, harbor installations, and enemy shipping along the Mediterranean Coast.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron returned to French Morocco in March 1943, then returned to combat in June 1943, attacking enemy targets on Italian islands in the Mediterranean, including Sicily, Sardinia, and Pantelleria. From bases in Algeria and Tunisia, the unit supported the Allied invasion of Italy, bombing bridges and marshalling yards during the late summer and early autumn of 1943.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II
In November, it moved to Sardinia, to strike Axis targets in central Italy. Early in 1944, the squadron supported Allied ground forces as they advanced in the Cassino and Anzio areas. Later in the year, the group attacked German supply lines in northern Italy, bombing bridges, marshalling yards, and roads. During the summer, it bombed bridges over the Po River in northern Italy to block the stream of German supplies and reinforcements going southward. The unit supported the invasion of southern France in August 1944 by attacking coastal batteries, radar stations, and bridges. From Corsica, it hit railroad bridges in Northern Italy and late in the year attacked railroad lines through the Brenner Pass that connected Germany and Austria with Italy.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II
In January 1945, the squadron returned to the United States, where it began to train with A-26 aircraft for operations in the Pacific Theater of Operations. Between May and July 1945, it moved by ship to Okinawa, and on 16 July the squadron flew its first mission against Japan. From then until the end of the fighting in early August, the squadron attacked enemy targets such as airfields and industrial centers on Kyūshū and the occupied Shanghai area of China, and shipping around the Ryukyu Islands and in the East China Sea. In November and December 1945 the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard
The squadron was initially allotted to the Oregon Air National Guard on 24 May 1946 and redesignated the 114th Bombardment Squadron, Light. It was transferred to the New York National Guard and received federal recognition on 26 June 1946 The 114th Bombardment Squadron was equipped with B-26 Invader light bombers and assigned to the 106th Bombardment Group at Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard
When the Korean War broke out in June 1950, the entire 106th Bombardment Group was federalized and brought to active duty. The group was moved to March Air Force Base, California and assigned to Fifteenth Air Force of Strategic Air Command (SAC). It was assigned B-29 Superfortress medium bombers, and the mission of the 106th Bomb Group was the training of reservists to backfill rotating B-29 combat crews serving on Okinawa. The Group served with SAC until returning to New York state control on 1 December 1952.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard
Upon return to Floyd Bennett Field, the 114th again was equipped with B-26s and resumed training with its light bombers and flew them until its conversion to an air defense fighter unit in 1956. Under Air Defense Command, the 106th Fighter-Interceptor Group initially received Lockheed F-94A Starfires and in 1957 the North American F-86D Sabre Interceptor.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard
The State of New York was notified by Headquarters, United States Air Force on 26 September 1957 that support for the 114th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron would be ended due to fiscal constraints. Despite protests from the Governor of New York State that this was in violation of the law with respect to State militia units, the Air Force eventually prevailed and the 114th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was inactivated on 30 September 1958.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, Oregon Air National Guard
The 8123d Fighter-Interceptor Training Squadron was organized by the Oregon Air National Guard at Kingsley Field, Oregon in January 1983 as an F-4C Phantom II Formal Training Unit for the interceptor pilots of the 123d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Portland International Airport. On 1 October 1983 the unit was organized and federally recognized by the National Guard Bureau as the 114th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, with the 114th designation being transferred back to the Oregon Air National Guard.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, Oregon Air National Guard
With the phaseout of the F-4C from the inventory in the late 1980s, the 114th was re-equipped with the F-16A/B block 15 Air Defense Fighter and continued its mission as a Formal Training Unit. On 1 April 1996, the 173d Fighter Wing was formed at Kingsley AGB as a host organization and parent unit for the 114th Fighter Squadron when the unit was authorized to expand, with the 114th being transferred from the 142d Fighter Wing at Portland to the new Wing at Kingsley ANGB. Along with the 114th FS, the 173d consists of the 173d Operations Group; 173d Maintenance Group, 173d Mission Support Group and 173d Medical Group.


114th Fighter Squadron, History, Oregon Air National Guard
With the 123d Fighter Squadron flying F-15 Eagles, the F-16As were retired in the late 1990s as their service life was ending. The squadron began receiving F-15A/B Eagles in 1998. Was upgraded to the F-15C/D Eagle in 2004, continuing its mission as an ANG interceptor training unit.


114th Fighter Wing
The 114th Fighter Wing (114 FW) is a unit of the South Dakota Air National Guard, stationed at Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.


114th Fighter Wing
The wing is an Air Combat Command gained F-16C/D Fighting Falcon wing which deploys worldwide and executes fighter sorties to destroy enemy forces with conventional munitions.


114th Fighter Wing, History
On 16 April 1956, the South Dakota Air National Guard 175th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 114th Fighter-Interceptor Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 175th FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 114th Headquarters, 114th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 114th Combat Support Squadron, and the 114th USAF Dispensary.


114th Fighter Wing, History
During the 1950s and 1960s, the unit was upgraded by ADC as newer interceptors became available to the Air National Guard. F-89 Scorpions were received in 1958 and  F-102A Delta Dagger supersonic aircraft in 1960.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
In 1970, Aerospace Defense Command was reducing the CONUS interceptor force, as the chances of a bomber attack by the Soviet Union seemed remote in the age of Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM). The Group was transferred to Tactical Air Command (TAC) on 23 May 1970 and was re-designated as the 114th Tactical Fighter Group. The 175th Tactical Fighter Squadron began receiving F-100 Super Sabre tactical fighters that were being withdrawn from service in the Vietnam War.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
News was received in March 1976 of the replacement of the unit's F-100D aircraft with A-7D Corsair II jets. The last Super Sabres left Joe Foss Field in June 1977. In 1979, the unit began a 12-year era of participation in Operation Coronet Cove at Howard AFB providing for defense of the Panama Canal. Both aircrew and support personnel were extended there in the summer of 1979 during the Nicaraguan crisis. The unit was awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamer for combat duty as a part of Operation Just Cause during 1989–1990.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command began retiring the A-7D in the late 1980s, with units being transitioned from the A-7D/K to the F-16C/D block 30. The first F-16 to arrive with the 175th Fighter Squadron was on 14 August 1991. In June 1993 the squadron deployed eight aircraft to Brustem AB, Belgium as Coronet DART for the European exercise Central Enterprise 1993. In December 1993 the squadron deployed again, this time for their first combat deployment with the F-16. Stationed at Incirlik AB, Turkey the squadron flew missions over Northern Iraq to guard the no-fly zone to protect Kurdish refugees.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Tactical Air Command
Combat patrol missions were flown over the northern "No Fly" zone of Iraq from December 1993 to January 1994. The 114th Fighter Group was re-designated as the 114th Fighter Wing in October 1995. The unit subsequently supported Operation Northern Watch, based out of Turkey in 1995 and 2002, and Operation Southern Watch based out of Kuwait in 1998 and Saudi Arabia in 2001. The Fighting Lobos were also deployed to Belgium, Singapore, the Netherlands Antilles and Israel.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
A new chapter was opened in the history of the Air National Guard with the terrorist attacks on America on 11 September 2001. In addition to the unit's ongoing tasking as part of the Air Expeditionary Force (AEF), unit members were also activated to support Operation Noble Eagle within the United States and Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF). OIF deployments during the 2000s included three to Balad AB, Iraq (October–December 2006; June–September 2008; January–April 2010. Unit members also deployed to the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, Cyprus, Pakistan, Romania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Turkey, Spain, France and Germany.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
On 25 October 2005 an F-16 of the unit was attempting to take fuel from a KC-10 Extender, when the boom operator's accidental oscillation caused damages to both aircraft, which were able to land safely. The jet suffered more than $930,000 of damage, an unusual accident for a squadron that has enjoyed a tremendous safety record. In 2007, the squadron received the National Guard Bureau’s Winston P. Wilson Trophy, an annual award for the most outstanding Air National Guard unit. The squadron won the trophy again in 2010.


114th Fighter Wing, History, Global War on Terrorism
The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure committee recommended that the 175th Fighter Squadron retire its older block 30 F-16s and upgrade to the block 40. The first F-16C block 30 to depart was 'Cujo' aircraft (#85-1434), which occurred on 7 May 2010 with destination AMARG. Over the next five months they received block 40 vipers from all three squadrons at Hill AFB, Utah which were largely as a result of the closure of the 34th Fighter Squadron.


114th Guards Airborne Division
The 114th Guards Airborne Division was a Red Army airborne division. It was first formed as the 14th Guards Airborne Division. In December 1944, it was converted to the 114th Guards Rifle Division and became an airborne unit again in June 1946.


114th Guards Airborne Division, History
In September 1944, the second formation of the 14th Guards Airborne Division was created from the 202nd Airborne Brigade in the Moscow Military District, part of the 39th Guards Airborne Corps. On 25 December, it was converted to infantry and became the 114th Guards Rifle Division. Its first commander was Vasily Polikarpovich Ivanov.


114th Guards Airborne Division, History
On 10 January 1945, the 39th Guards Rifle Corps was transferred to Hungary. During Operation Spring Awakening, the division created defensive positions on the eastern bank of the Danube from Dunavecse to Ráckeve. On 23 March, the division captured Pápa, for which it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. It was on the Austrian border by 1 April and captured Zillingdorf. The division attacked on the corps' right flank during the Vienna Offensive. After the capture of Vienna, the division fought in the Prague Offensive.


114th Guards Airborne Division, History
After the end of World War II, the division returned to the Belorussian Military District. From 15 June to 1 July 1946, the division was converted into the 114th Guards Airborne Division at Borovukha in Vitebsk Oblast. In October 1948, it became part of the 8th Guards Airborne Corps. On 4 April 1956, the division was disbanded. The 350th Guards Airborne Regiment and the 357th Guards Airborne Regiment became part of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division.


114th Guards Airborne Division, Composition
The 114th Guards Rifle Division was composed of the following units:


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 114th Illinois Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Illinois that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Formed in September 1862, the regiment served in Ulysses S. Grant's Central Mississippi campaign, in the Vicksburg campaign, at Brices Cross Roads, at Tupelo, in the 1864 Missouri campaign, at Nashville, and at Spanish Fort. At Nashville, the unit participated in the decisive attack on Shy's Hill. In 1865, the regiment was reassigned as pontoniers. The regiment was mustered out in August 1865.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Formation
The 114th Illinois organized at Camp Butler near Springfield, Illinois and mustered into federal service on 18 September 1862. The original field officers were Colonel James W. Judy of Tallula, Lieutenant Colonel John F. King of Clear Lake, and Major Joseph M. McLane of Cass County. Judy resigned on 4 August 1863 and King assumed command of the regiment, without being promoted to colonel. King resigned on 7 December 1864 and McLane assumed command as major. McLane died on 16 February 1865.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Formation
Samuel N. Shoup of Springfield was promoted lieutenant colonel in command and John M. Johnson of Beardstown was promoted major on 22 March 1865. Initially, there was 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster, 1 surgeon, 2 assistant surgeons, 1 chaplain, 3 sergeant majors, 2 quartermaster sergeants, 1 commissary sergeant, 2 hospital stewards, and 4 musicians.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Vicksburg and Jackson
The 114th Illinois Infantry left Camp Butler and moved to Memphis, Tennessee on 8–16 November 1862. The regiment was assigned to the 5th Brigade, 5th Division, Right Wing, XIII Corps, Army of the Tennessee in November. The unit remained on picket duty until 26 November when it embarked on Grant's Central Mississippi campaign. The unit transferred to the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIII Corps in December 1862. Brigadier General Ralph Pomeroy Buckland led the 3rd Brigade and Brigadier General James W. Denver commanded the 1st Division.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Vicksburg and Jackson
The regiment was assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 8th Division, XVI Corps in January–April 1863. The 114th Illinois reached College Hill, Mississippi (north of Oxford) on 4 December. It stayed there until 23 December when it retreated to Jackson, Tennessee, arriving on 8 January 1863 after a hard march. Buckland led the 3rd Brigade, Brigadier Generals Leonard Fulton Ross and (later) John E. Smith led the 8th Division, and Major General Stephen A. Hurlbut commanded the XVI Corps. Colonel Judy was in temporary command of the brigade from 12 February to 3 April.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Vicksburg and Jackson
After being on duty in Jackson until 9 February 1863, the 114th Illinois moved to Memphis where it guarded the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. On 17 March the regiment boarded river transports at Memphis and traveled down the Mississippi River to Young's Point, Louisiana, arriving on 2 April. The unit camped at Duckport, Louisiana, until 2 May when it joined the Vicksburg campaign.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Vicksburg and Jackson
During the campaign, the 114th Illinois under Colonel Judy was in Brigadier General Ralph Pomeroy Buckland's and (later) Colonel William L. McMillen's 1st Brigade, Brigadier General James M. Tuttle's 3rd Division, Major General William Tecumseh Sherman's XV Corps, Grant's Army of the Tennessee. The regiment marched from Grand Gulf to Jackson, Mississippi on 2–14 May. It fought in the Battle of Jackson on 14 May, sustaining losses of 5 men killed and wounded. The Siege of Vicksburg cost the unit 20 men killed and wounded. During the successful siege, which ended on 4 July, the regiment participated in an expedition to Mechanicsburg from 26 May to 4 June.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Vicksburg and Jackson
The 114th Illinois participated in the Jackson Expedition from 4–19 July 1863. There was a skirmish at Birdsong Ferry on the Big Black River on 4–6 July. The siege of Jackson on 10–17 July ended with the retreat and pursuit of Joseph Johnston's Confederate forces which ended at Brandon Station on 19 July. The regiment lost 7 men killed and wounded during the expedition. The unit returned to Vicksburg where it performed picket duty.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Vicksburg and Jackson
On 3 September, the regiment was ordered to Oak Ridge where Confederate partisans captured 2 enlisted men and killed Second Lieutenant Joseph A. McClure on 2 October. On 14–20 October, the 114th Illinois participated in an expedition in the direction of Canton including an action at Bogue Chitto Creek on 17 October. The regiment boarded river transports on 20 November to travel upriver to Memphis. From 26 November 1862 to 5 February 1864, the unit performed provost duty at Memphis.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo
From January to June 1864, the 114th Illinois was assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XVI Corps. The regiment participated in an expedition to the Tallahatchie River on 5–19 February. There were skirmishes at Coldwater Ferry on 8 February, Senatobia on 8–9 February, and Wyatt's on the Tallahatchie on 13 February. This expedition enabled Brigadier General William Sooy Smith's cavalry command to cross the Tallahatchie upstream at New Albany. This was followed by provost duty at Memphis. On 30 April, the regiment went on a hard-marching expedition led by Brigadier General Samuel D. Sturgis from Memphis to Ripley, Mississippi that lasted until 9 May.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo
The 114th Illinois formed part of the 1st Brigade in Sturgis' expedition to Guntown, Mississippi on 1–13 June 1864. Sherman knew the success of his Atlanta campaign depended on keeping Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry from disrupting the Union-controlled railroad between Nashville and Chattanooga, Tennessee. In fact, Forrest's cavalry was headed into Tennessee for a raid at the beginning of June when he was called back to oppose Sturgis. The Union column consisted of 4,800 infantry, 3,300 cavalry, 400 gunners, and 22 cannons.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo
Forrest calculated that his forces could defeat the Union cavalry before it could be supported by the later-arriving infantry. Forrest believed that his cavalry would then beat the Union infantry after it arrived exhausted by a forced march in the summer heat. The Confederate general assumed that the wooded country would hide his inferior numbers from his enemies. The Battle of Brices Cross Roads on 10 June unfolded as Forrest had planned and Sturgis' troops were routed. Union casualties numbered 2,612 men, 18 cannons, and 250 wagons while the Confederates counted 493 killed and wounded. The 114th Illinois went into battle with 397 men and lost 205 men killed, wounded, and missing. Three officers were wounded and two were captured, and the assistant surgeon was killed.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo
After the fiasco at Brices Cross Roads, Sherman feared that Forrest would mount a raid against his supply line in middle Tennessee. At this time, a force led by Major General Andrew Jackson Smith reached Memphis and Sherman determined to use it against Forrest. From June to December 1864, the 114th Illinois was assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XVI Corps. On 5–21 July, the regiment joined Smith's expedition to Tupelo, Mississippi.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo
The fighting included a clash at Camargo's Cross Roads on 13 July, the Battle of Tupelo on 14–15 July, and an action at Old Town Creek on 15 July. Smith's column included 14,000 men and 24 guns. To oppose him, the Confederates under Forrest and Lieutenant General Stephen D. Lee scraped together 9,000 troops and 20 guns. On the morning of 13 July, Smith outmaneuvered the Confederates and suddenly marched toward Tupelo. Discovering the move, Forrest's cavalry attacked the Union column but was repulsed.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo
That day, the 114th Illinois helped drive off one attack and was commended by its brigade commander. On 14 July, Smith's troops repelled repeated Confederate assaults on its ridgetop position. The next day, after Smith withdrew toward Memphis, Forrest attacked again at Old Town Creek but was driven off. During the various actions, Smith's column sustained 714 casualties while the Confederates reported 1,326 killed and wounded. The 114th Illinois suffered 40 casualties during the expedition.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
The 114th Illinois went on Smith's expedition to Oxford, Mississippi on 1–30 August 1864, including actions on the Tallahatchie River on 7–9 August and at Abbeville on 23 August. The regiment moved to DeValls Bluff, Arkansas, on 2 September. The unit took part in the pursuit of Price's Missouri Expedition from 24 September to 16 November 1864. In September, the regiment camped at Brownsville, Arkansas. From there, the unit marched to Cape Girardeau, Missouri in 17 days while on 10 day's rations.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
On 6 October, the soldiers boarded river transports and traveled to Jefferson City, then took the railroad as far as Otterville. From Otterville they marched to Kansas City. Ordered to report to St. Louis, the regiment reached there on 15 November. During the Missouri campaign, Lieutenant Colonel King was ill and Major McLean led the regiment  From there, the unit traveled to Nashville on 24–30 November.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
From December 1864 to February 1865, the 114th Illinois formed part of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Detachment Army of the Tennessee, Army of the Cumberland. At the Battle of Nashville on 15–16 December 1864, the 114th Illinois was commanded by Captain John M. Johnson and belonged to McMillen's 1st Brigade, Brigadier General John McArthur's 1st Division, Smith's Army of the Tennessee Detachment, Major General George Henry Thomas's Army of the Cumberland. On the first day, Thomas planned to use Smith's troops for his main assault against the Confederate left flank.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
However, an early morning fog caused the attack to be badly delayed. At 2:15 pm, Brigadier General Edward Hatch ordered Colonel Datus Coon's dismounted cavalry brigade to attack Redoubt No. 5. Seeing this, McArthur sent McMillen's brigade to attack the same objective. The redoubt with its two cannons was quickly captured, but it soon came under fire from Redoubt No. 4 to the north. McArthur sent his 2nd Brigade to charge Redoubt No. 4. Hatch, Coon, and McMillen had the same idea and their winded men made a second rush. After a struggle, Redoubt No. 4 with four cannons was also overrun. Soon McArthur's 3rd Brigade assaulted Redoubts No. 2 and 3, which were also seized. When other Union formations joined the attack, the Confederate position crumbled.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
That evening, Lieutenant General John Bell Hood managed to rally his Confederate army in a new position farther back with both flanks anchored on hills. On 16 December there were again maddening delays getting the Union assault organized. Major General John Schofield, commander of the Union XXXIII Corps, which was now on Smith's right flank, was convinced that he was about to be attacked and refused to budge. McArthur observed that the Confederate positions on Shy's Hill were weak and not sited on the military crest.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
Unable to get Major General Darius N. Couch to cooperate with him in an assault, at 2:30 pm McArthur ordered McMillen's brigade to move 500 yd (457 m) to its right, across the front of Couch's XXIII Corps division. There was another delay getting Cogswell's Battery Illinois Light Artillery resupplied with ammunition, but just before 4:00 pm, McMillen's brigade started its attack. McMillen's 1,500 men stormed Shy's Hill and, after a savage melee, broke the Confederate line. McMillen's troops captured 85 officers, 1,533 men, 4 colors, and 8 cannons.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
With its front torn open, the Confederate army collapsed as McArthur's remaining two brigades and other divisions joined the assault. One of McMillen's Illinois soldiers recorded that when the men realized what they had done, they were, "shouting, yelling, and acting like maniacs for a while". As the 114th Illinois advanced from Shy's Hill, it came upon a well-stocked smokehouse which the men proceeded to plunder. "The lady of the house courageous and with a long board smites ye Yanks right and left making several ears ring," wrote one soldier. "The boys yell but let her pound at will." The regiment lost 15 men killed and wounded at Nashville.


114th Illinois Infantry Regiment, History, Nashville and Mobile
The 114th Illinois participated in the pursuit of the defeated Confederate army on 17–28 December 1864. After marching to Clifton, Tennessee, the regiment traveled on river transports to Eastport, Mississippi, where it was reassigned as XVI Corps pontoniers. The troops stayed in Eastport until 9 February 1865 when they were ordered to New Orleans, which they reached on 22 February. The unit boarded an ocean-going steamer at Lake Ponchartrain bound for the Mobile campaign. It reached the area on 23 March, after staging at Dauphin Island on 3 March. During the campaign, the 114th