12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, 1990s
In 2009, with the transition of UNT to undergraduate Combat Systems Officer training (UCSOT) and pursuant to earlier Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) directives, the 12 FTW established a new organization, the 479th Flying Training Group (479 FTG), with two new flying training squadrons and an operations support squadron, as a GSU at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. Although NAS Pensacola is the principal base for student Naval Flight Officer (SNFO) training for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, the 479 FTG operates independently of this program with its own USAF T-6 Texan II and T-1 Jayhawk aircraft. Upon establishment of the 479 FTG at NAS Pensacola, the remaining "legacy" navigator training squadrons that had relocated from the former Mather AFB to Randolph AFB in 1992 were inactivated.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, The 2010s
In the second decade of the 21st century, the wing's mission is to provide instructor pilot training in the Raytheon-Beech T-6A Texan II, the Northrop T-38 Talon and the Beech T-1A Jayhawk jet trainers. Previously, the wing also conducted Introduction to Fighter Fundamentals (IFF) in the Northrop AT-38 Talon, a role now performed with T-38s.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, The 2010s
Until late 2010, the wing also conducted Joint Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (JSUNT) and electronic warfare officer (EWO) training in the T-1A Jayhawk and Boeing T-43A medium-range turbofan jet at Randolph AFB. With the retirement of the T-43 in September 2010, this training merged with extant USAF weapons systems officer (WSO) training that had been conducted jointly with the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida since 1990.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, The 2010s
The navigator, EWO and WSO training tracks were then merged and all three specialties (which wear the same type of uniform insignia wings upon completion of flight training) became known as Combat Systems Officer (CSO). This updated CSO training is now conducted by the 479th Flying Training Group as a Geographically Separated Unit (GSU) of the 12 FTW at NAS Pensacola utilizing T-6 Texan II and T-1A Jayhawk aircraft.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, The 2010s
The wing is responsible for numerous aviation training programs. These programs include Pilot Instructor Training, Combat Systems Officer Training, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Pilot Indoctrination, Basic Sensor Operator Qualification, Airmanship programs for U.S. Air Force Academy cadets, and Introductory Flight Screening.


12th Flying Training Wing, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


12th Foreign Infantry Regiment
The 12th Foreign Infantry Regiment (French: 12e Régiment étranger d'infanterie, 12e REI) was an infantry regiment of the French Foreign Legion which existed from 1939 to 1940 at the beginning of World War II.


12th Foreign Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment was sent from its training camp at La Valbonne straight into action at Soissons, Picardy on 11 May 1940. After fighting its way out of encirclement it was broken as a unit by 6 June 1940. By the Armistice the remaining men, only 300 of the 2,800 men that had completed training, had reached Limoges in central France.


12th Frontier Force Regiment
The 12th Frontier Force Regiment was formed in 1922 as part of the British Indian Army. It consisted of five regular battalions; numbered 1 to 5 and the 10th (Training) Battalion. During the Second World War a further ten battalions were raised. In 1945, the prenominal "12th" was dropped when the British Indian Army dispensed with prenominal numbering of its regiments. After the independence in 1947, it was formed into the Frontier Force Regiment, part of the army of Pakistan.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Early history
The 12th Frontier Force Regiment's origins lie in the four infantry regiments of the Frontier Brigade authorised in 1846 and raised by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Lawrence, the agent (and brother) of the Governor-General of the Punjab frontier region (John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence), from veterans of disbanded opposition forces after the First Anglo-Sikh War. The 1st Sikhs were raised by Captain J. S. Hodgson at Hoshiarpur, the 2nd Sikhs by Captain J.W.V. Stephen at Kangra, the 3rd Sikhs by Captain F. Winter at Ferozpur and the 4th Sikhs by Captain C. MacKenzie at Ludhiana.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Early history
Even at the start the Sikhs, although in the majority, were not in the preponderance, the unit names referring to their origins in the disbanded Sikh Army rather than their racial mix. The nuclei of the regiments consisted of a few men from the regular Native Infantry regiments of the line and police officers. The Governor-General issued a regulation in September 1847 which included the discontinuation of the term "Frontier Brigade" and renamed the four regiments the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Regiments of Sikh Local Infantry.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Early history
At the same time, Lawrence also ordered irregular force of mixed cavalry and infantry: the Corps of Guides to be raised at Mardan by Lieutenant Harry D. Lumsden. In 1851 the four Sikh regiments and the Corps of Guides became part of the Punjab Irregular Force. Men of these regiments (or their successors) are to this day known as Piffers.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Early history
The four Sikh regiments also went through a number of minor name changes over the next 45 or so years: in 1857 they became "Regiment of Sikh Infantry, Punjab Irregular Force" and in 1865 "Regiment of Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force" (reflecting the change in name of the PIF to Punjab Frontier Force). In 1901, they became "Sikh Infantry". In 1876, the Corps of Guides became one of the first regiments in the Indian Army to be conferred royal status as Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Early history
In 1903, the reorganisation of the British Indian Army caused the four Sikh regiments to be re-designated the 51st, 52nd, 53rd and 54th Sikhs (Frontier Force) while the Corps of Guides infantry became Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides (Frontier Force) Infantry, and was renamed again in 1911 as Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides (Frontier Force) Lumsden's Infantry.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Formation of 12th Frontier Force Regiment
In the 1922 reorganisation of the British Indian Army, the four Sikh regiments became the first four battalions of the newly constituted 12th Frontier Force Regiment. The two infantry battalions of the Corps of Guides became its 5th and 10th (training) battalions. At the same time the first battalion became the 1st battalion (Prince of Wales' Own Sikhs) whilst the 3rd battalion was made the 3rd Royal Battalion (Sikhs) in 1935.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Formation of 12th Frontier Force Regiment
The Corps of Guides, being the senior unit, were entitled to have become the 1st battalion but agreed to allow the four Sikh battalions to retain their historical 1 to 4 numbering although in a later incarnation the precedence was restored in the 1957 reorganisation of the Pakistan Army when the Guides battalion became the 2nd battalion of the new regiment, following the Scinde Rifles battalion from the Frontier Force Rifles regiment. The location of the training battalion, later to grow into the Regimental Centre, was first at Mardan but moved to Sialkot in 1929.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Second World War
During the Second World War the regiment's battalions (expanded in number by seven war-formed units) saw service in East Africa, North Africa and the Middle East, Italy, India, Malaya and Burma. The Regiment's casualties in the war totalled 1,444 dead and 3,503 wounded.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Regular battalions
In 1939, the 1/12th Frontier Force Rifles were part of the Bannu Brigade based in Bannu India and took part in operations in the Ahmedzai Salient in February and March 1940 while under command of the Jhelum Brigade. In the autumn of 1940 the battalion transferred to the Delhi Cantonment and on 15 May 1941, the battalion was transferred to the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade, part of the 8th Indian Infantry Division which was being raised in Bombay, and with which it remained for the rest of the war. The 1/12th served in Iraq and Syria before it was sent to fight in the Italian Campaign on 24 September 1943.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Regular battalions
The 2/12th FFR, also part of the Bannu Brigade, before being sent to Malaya in April 1941 where it became part of the 22nd Indian Infantry Brigade. This battalion fought a successful, but doomed, defence of the eastern coast of Malaya, during the Battle of Malaya, before it was forced to surrender with the rest of the Allied forces in Singapore on 15 February 1942. The commanding officer of the 2/12th FFR, Lt.Col.Arthur Edward Cumming, received the Victoria Cross during this campaign.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Regular battalions
The 3/12th FFR was part of the 5th Indian Infantry Division during the East African and Western Desert Campaigns. The 3/12th FFR was all but destroyed at El Adem on 15 June 1942. It was reformed in Egypt before transferring to the 4th Indian Infantry Division.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Regular battalions
The 4/12th FFR served throughout the war in the Burma Campaign.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, History, Regular battalions
The 5/12th FFR served throughout the Second World War as part of the 6th Indian Infantry Division on garrison duties in Iraq.


12th Frontier Force Regiment, Later history
In 1945, the regiment was renamed the Frontier Force Regiment, dropping the numerical designation "12", and on the independence in 1947, it was allocated to Pakistan. In 1957, the Frontier Force Rifles and The Pathan Regiment (which had been formed after independence from the 14th battalion Frontier Force Regiment and the 14th and 15th battalions Frontier Force Rifles) were amalgamated with it to form a new Frontier Force Regiment.


12th G-15 summit
The Twelfth G-15 summit was held in Caracas, Venezuela on February 27–28, 2004.


12th G-15 summit
The summit agenda of the Group of 15 (G-15) encompassed a range of issues. The summit theme was "Energy and Development."


12th G-15 summit
The gathering brought together leaders, representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations. African G-15 nations are Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Zimbabwe. Those from Asia are India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina, Brazil, Chile,  Jamaica, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.


12th G-15 summit, Overview
The Group of 15 was established at the Ninth Non-Aligned Movement summit in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in September 1989. The name of the group is unchanging, but its composition has expanded to 18 countries.


12th G-15 summit, Overview
The G-15 is composed of countries from Africa, Asia, North America and South America. These non-aligned nations joined together to create a forum to foster cooperation and develop information which can be presented to other international groups, such as the World Trade Organization and the Group of Eight. The G-15 nations have a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity. The group aims to encourage cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment, trade, and technology.


12th G-15 summit, Leaders at the summit
Those G-15 nations represented at the summit were Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran,  Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. The group's membership has expanded to 18 countries, but the name has remained unchanged.


12th G-15 summit, Leaders at the summit
The leaders of G-15 nations are core contributors in summit meetings. but only some of the heads-of-state were at the Caracas event:


12th G-15 summit, Leaders at the summit, Guest participants
The Group of 77 was represented by Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser of Qatar . United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Secretary General Rubens Ricupero attended the summit.


12th G-15 summit, Priorities
The G-15 nations perceive an ongoing need to expand dialogue with the G8 nations. The G-15 want to help bridge the gap between developing countries and the more developed and industrialized nations. For example, the G-15 converted this venue into an opportunity to express concern about the delays and limited progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.


12th G-15 summit, Issues
G-15 nations are united by shared perceptions of global economic issues; and the G-15 provides a structure for developing common strategies for dealing with these issues.


12th G-15 summit, Issues
G15 nations have joined together in hopes of escaping from the more polemical atmosphere in other multinational groups and organizations, such as the Group of 77 (G-77).


12th G-15 summit, Schedule and agenda
The summit provides an opportunity to focus on the importance of cooperation in facing challenges of food, energy, climate change, health and trade. Delegations from 19 nations met to discuss energy cooperation between member states and fighting poverty.


12th G-15 summit, Schedule and agenda
Following bilateral meetings between the Venezuelan and Iranian presidents, the Iranian President announced that US$700 million would be invested by Iran in Venezuela's state-owned aluminum industry and the corollary transfer of Venezuelan aluminum-processing technology to Iran.


12th G-15 summit, Schedule and agenda
Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announced his intention to create an international television network that would present information and films created in the South. Telesur was launched the following year.


12th G-15 summit, Security
An estimated 11,000 soldiers and national guards were deployed in security operations for the summit. Violence broke out in the streets of Caracas. Clashes involving antigovernment demonstrators caused at least 2 deaths and 14 wounded by gunfire. Demonstrators tried to break a security perimeter established by the Venezuelan Army a kilometer away from where the G-15 leaders were meeting.


12th G7 summit
The 12th G7 Summit was held in Tokyo, Japan between May 4 and May 6, 1986. The venue for the summit meetings was the State Guesthouse in Tokyo, Japan.


12th G7 summit
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976) and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).


12th G7 summit
The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.


12th G7 summit, Leaders at the summit
The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.


12th G7 summit, Leaders at the summit
The 12th G7 summit was the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi.


12th G7 summit, Leaders at the summit, Participants
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:


12th G7 summit, Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.


12th G7 summit, Gallery
European CommunityRuud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands, rotating Council President


12th GMA Dove Awards
The 12th Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on 1981 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 1980. The show was held in Nashville, Tennessee.


12th Gemini Awards
The 12th Gemini Awards were held on March 1, 1998, to honour achievements in Canadian television. It was broadcast on CBC. This would be the first of two Gemini awards that broadcast in 1998.


12th General Assembly of Newfoundland
The members of the 12th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in November 1874. The general assembly sat from 1875 to 1878.


12th General Assembly of Newfoundland
The Conservative Party led by Frederick Carter formed the government. After Carter resigned in early 1878, William Whiteway became party leader and Premier.


12th General Assembly of Newfoundland
Prescott Emerson was chosen as speaker, serving until 1877. James S. Winter succeeded Emerson as speaker.


12th General Assembly of Newfoundland
Sir Stephen John Hill served as colonial governor of Newfoundland until 1876. Sir John Hawley Glover succeeded Hill as governor.


12th General Assembly of Newfoundland, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1874:


12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
The 12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia between 1820 and 1826.


12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Nova Scotia, James Kempt.


12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia
Simon Bradstreet Robie was chosen as speaker for the house. Samuel George William Archibald became speaker after Robie was named to the Council in 1824.


12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island represented the colony of Prince Edward Island between January 14, 1825, and 1831.


12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Prince Edward Island, John Ready. John Stewart was elected speaker.


12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Members
The members of the Prince Edward Island Legislature after the general election of 1825 were:


12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress
The twelfth general convention of the Nepali Congress party was held in Kathmandu from September 17–21, 2010. Elections were held for the posts of President, General Secretary and Treasurer. The convention also elected 61 members to the party's Central Working Committee (CWC). 14th General Convention will be held in Bhadra of 2078.


12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress, Election results
Elections to the 61 CWC seats were held in three categories : 25 seats were contested under the open category, 14 seats under the zonal category and 22 seats under reserved quotas for  women, Dalit, Madeshi, Muslim and  Janajati  categories.


12th Genie Awards
The 12th Genie Awards were held on November 26, 1991, and honoured Canadian films released in 1990 and 1991. The awards were moved from their previous March date after the disastrous ratings of the previous awards. The format was also changed and the eligible voters reduced to 130; in addition, because of the change of scheduling, the awards covered a longer eligibility period and a larger number of eligible films than any previous Genie Award ceremony.


12th Genie Awards
The ceremony was hosted by Leslie Nielsen, and was held at the Pantages Theatre in Toronto. They were dominated by the Canadian/Australian co-production Black Robe, which was nominated for ten awards and won six.


12th Golden Globe Awards
The 12th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film for 1954, were held on February 24, 1955, in the Cocoanut Grove at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California.


12th Golden Horse Awards
The 12th Golden Horse Awards (Mandarin:第12屆金馬獎) took place on  October 30, 1975, at Zhongshan Hall in Taipei, Taiwan.


12th Golden Laurel Awards
The 12th Golden Laurel Awards (also known as 2001 Golden Laurel Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2000, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 2001. The nominees were announced on January 10, 2001.


12th Golden Melody Awards
The 12th Golden Melody Awards ceremony was held at the Chiang Kai-shek Cultural Center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, on 5 May 2001.


12th Golden Raspberry Awards
The 12th Golden Raspberry Awards were held on March 29, 1992, at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel to recognize the worst the movie industry had to offer in 1991.


12th Government of Slovenia
EU Member State(Eurozone Member State)(Schengen Area Member State)NATO Member StateCouncil of Europe Member StateOECD Member State


12th Government of Slovenia
The 12th Government of Slovenia, led by Prime Minister Miro Cerar, was announced on 18 September 2014. It was formed following the 2014 parliamentary election won by the centre-left Party of Miro Cerar; it was the third government formed over four years. At 51 years, Cerar was the second oldest Prime Minister of Slovenia since Independence, following Andrej Bajuk at 56 years. The cabinet had on the day of inauguration the highest number of women ministers representatives, as there were seven women ministers out of sixteen ministers in total. Cerar's cabinet was the highest educated cabinet to date, with six members with a doctorate.


12th Government of Slovenia
After the resignation of Alenka Bratušek's cabinet, President Borut Pahor determined that the new elections would take place on 13 July 2014. With 34.49% Cerar won by the highest percentage on any parliamentary elections since Independence. It was decided not to cooperate with the Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS), as its leader Janez Janša was sentenced to two years imprisonment. On 28 July 2014 Cerar sent an outline of the coalition agreement to all other parties that attended the coalition talks.


12th Government of Slovenia
The first to agree was the president of Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia (DeSUS) Karel Erjavec, with whom Cerar gathered the necessary 45+ seats in Parliament. The next and last to join the coalition was Dejan Židan with his Social Democrats (SD) party. The coalition agreement was signed on 3 September 2014.


12th Government of Slovenia
Cabinet members came from three parties of the new coalition:


12th Government of Slovenia
On the 14 March 2018, following the verdict of the Supreme Court of Slovenia to annul the referendum on the so-called "Second Railway track", Miro Cerar announced his resignation as Prime Minister.


12th Government of Slovenia, Changes from the preceding cabinet
The number of ministries rose to 16, up from 13 in the preceding Cabinet of Alenka Bratušek. Anja Kopač Mrak, Gorazd Žmavc, Dejan Židan and Karel Erjavec have retained their position.


12th Goya Awards
The 12th Goya Awards were presented in Madrid, Spain on 31 January 1998.


12th Grey Cup
The 12th Grey Cup was played on November 29, 1924, before 5,978 fans at Varsity Stadium at Toronto.


12th Grey Cup
Queen's University defeated the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers 11 to 3.


12th Guam Legislature
The 12th Guam Legislature was a meeting of the Guam Legislature. It convened in Hagatna, Guam on January 1, 1973 and ended on January 6, 1975, during the 3rd and 4th years of Carlos Camacho's elected Gubernatorial Term.


12th Guam Legislature
In the 1972 Guamanian general election, the Democratic Party of Guam won a fourteen-to-seven (14-7) supermajority of seats in the Guam Legislature.


12th Guards Rifle Corps
The 12th Guards Rifle Corps was a corps of the Soviet Union's Red Army. Formed in 1942, the corps fought in the Vistula–Oder Offensive, East Pomeranian Offensive and Berlin Offensive. The corps was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its actions during the storming of Berlin. It was disbanded in Germany in June 1946.


12th Guards Rifle Corps, History
The corps was first formed on the Northwestern Front in December 1942, on the basis of the 384th Rifle Division. It was commanded by Major General Nikanor Zakhvatayev. In May 1944, Zakhvatayev was transferred to command the 1st Shock Army. He was replaced by Major General Mikhail Siyazov. On 29 July, Siyazov became 67th Army deputy commander and was replaced by Major General Stepan Bunkov.


12th Guards Rifle Corps, History
On November 3, 1944 the corps included the 23rd Guards, 52nd Guards and 33rd Rifle Divisions as part of the 3rd Shock Army. It was the main force moving forward to the railway line Auce – Layzhuva. On 2 December, the corps was part of Stavka Reserve and received orders to concentrate south of Jelgava for loading onto troop transports at the Jelgava, Platone, Meitene and Joniškis. At the beginning of January 1945, trains carrying elements of the corps arrived at Mrozy, 50 kilometers east of Warsaw.


12th Guards Rifle Corps, History
The corps was concentrated 25 kilometers east of Warsaw, in the area of Mińsk Mazowiecki, Kałuszyn, Liw and Dobre. On 14 January, the Vistula–Oder Offensive was launched. The corps was part of the army reserve in the early days of the offensive. On 19 January, the corps moved to bypass Warsaw from the north. On the morning of 20 January, the corps was in the area of Sochaczew, Lovach and Skierniewice. By the end of 25 January, it was in the area of Izbica, Kolo and Klodawa. By the end of January, the corps had reached Bromberg. The 33rd and 52nd Guards Rifle Divisions positioned themselves at Bushkovo, Tsempelburg and Kline-Visnevka. The 23rd Guards Rifle Division was stationed in the second echelon. The 32nd and 15th SS Infantry Divisions made several attacks against the corps, supported by tanks. These attacks were repulsed.


12th Guards Rifle Corps, History
Bunkov was sent to study at the Military Academy of the General Staff on 12 February and replaced by Lieutenant General Alexander Kazankin. The 23rd and 52nd Guards Rifle Divisions took up defensive positions on the east bank of the Oder between Nieder-Krenina and Alt-Rudnitz. From 16 April, the corps was involved in the Battle of Berlin. Kazankin was wounded on 27 April during the fighting for Berlin. He was replaced by 3rd Shock Army deputy commander Major General Alexander Filatov. On the morning of 2 May, the German troops began to surrender and the fighting ended soon after. On 11 June, the corps was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its actions at Berlin.


12th Guards Rifle Corps, History
The corps appears to have been disbanded in June 1946, still part of the 3rd Shock Army.


12th Guards Rifle Division
The 12th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in January, 1942, based on the 1st formation of the 258th Rifle Division and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It was in 50th Army when it was redesignated but was soon assigned to the 49th Army, then to the 10th Army and finally to the 16th Army near the end of that month.


12th Guards Rifle Division
In June it was assigned to the 9th Guards Rifle Corps of 61st Army where it remained almost continually for the duration of the war, serving under several Front commands but always on the central sector of the front. During the summer offensive in 1943 it fought through western Russia and into Belarus during the winter campaigns there. Along with the rest of 61st Army it took part in the second stage of Operation Bagration in the summer of 1944, advancing into the Pripyat marshes region, winning a battle honor and shortly thereafter the Order of the Red Banner.


12th Guards Rifle Division
After a short time in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command it was moved to the 3rd Baltic and later the 1st Baltic Front driving into Latvia and Lithuania, being decorated with the Order of Suvorov for its part in the liberation of Riga. In December it was returned to the 1st Belorussian Front and took part in the offensives that propelled the Red Army into Poland and eastern Germany. After the fall of Berlin the division advanced to the Elbe River where it linked up with the US 84th Infantry Division. Following the German surrender it was disbanded in July, 1946.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation
The division was officially raised to Guards status on January 5, 1942 in recognition of its role in the liberation of Kaluga on December 30. Its sub-units would not receive their Guards redesignations until February. The 258th had been one of the first divisions formed after the German invasion with a distinct "national" or ethnic identity; it was known as the Uzbek division. Its order of battle, based on the first wartime shtat (table of organization and equipment) for rifle divisions, was eventually as follows:


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation
Maj. Gen. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Siyazov, who had led the 258th Rifle Division since November 17, 1941 and had been promoted to that rank three days earlier, remained in command.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation, Battle of Moscow
The division was in 50th Army of Western Front when it was redesignated. During January 7–8 the Army attacked along its entire front against German forces that were organized for all-round defense. The division was on its right flank and, in cooperation with the 290th Rifle Division, advanced successfully and reached a line from Verteby to Karavai to Dvortsy by January 12 before running into stiffer opposition. On January 14 the adjacent 49th Army began an attack along its entire front against stubborn resistance in an effort to reach, among other objectives, a fortified line from Kondrovo to Polotnyany Zavod. On the same date Front directive No. 412 assigned the 12th Guards to the 49th with the tasks of accelerating to offensive and simultaneously put pressure on the rear of German units operating against its former Army along the Yukhnov axis.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation, Battle of Moscow
The division moved to concentrate in the area of Ozerna and Subbotino, 1 km north of Davydovo and joined the resumed offensive on January 16. During the next day it was fighting along the western bank of the Ugra River, attacking in the direction of Malaya Rudnya with its main forces, while a detachment was simultaneously blocking Sabelnikovo from the north and east. Meanwhile, the 133rd and 173rd Rifle Divisions were taking heavy casualties in frontal attacks against the fortified line.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation, Battle of Moscow
By January 18 the 173rd and 238th Rifle Divisions were attacking to outflank the line and cut off the defenders' retreat to the west and the 12th Guards completed its concentration before advancing in the direction of Pogorelovo. During the next day it was involved in heavy fighting for the villages of Matovo and Rudnya (3 km west of Sabelnikovo) and captured them. Under intense pressure and in danger of encirclement the German forces began to withdraw from the Kondrovo area. On January 20 the division was transferred to the 10th Army and moved to the Sukhinichi region for operations against German forces attacking from the Zhizdra-Zikeevo area.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation, Battle of Moscow
By the beginning of February the 12th Guards had been transferred yet again, now to the 16th Army, still in Western Front. The counteroffensive in front of Moscow had mostly run out of steam by this point. On March 26 General Siyazov was appointed as deputy commander of 5th Army and handed the division to Maj. Gen. Konstantin Maksimovich Erastov. In April it was moved to the 58th Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command for much-needed rebuilding before returning to 16th Army in May.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Formation, Battle of Moscow
In June it was finally assigned to 61st Army, still in Western Front, where it became the main formation of the new 9th Guards Rifle Corps, along with four rifle brigades: the 104th, 108th, 110th and 257th; the division also provided the supporting cadre to form the Corps' headquarters. Remarkably, the division would remain in this Army for the duration of the war, mostly in 9th Guards Corps but occasionally under direct Army command.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
During the latter half of 1942 the 61st Army was involved in battles of local significance while the main fighting went on around Stalingrad and Rzhev. In November Col. Porfirii Martinovich Gudz, who had previously commanded the 31st Guards Rifle Division before being wounded, became deputy commander of 12th Guards and from January to March, 1943 served as acting commander until General Erastov returned.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
Following the German defeat at Stalingrad, in February 1943 the Army was transferred to Bryansk Front and on February 12 assaulted the defenses of the German 2nd Panzer Army's 112nd Infantry Division in the Ulanova and Merkulavsky sector along with the 342nd and 356th Rifle Divisions, supported by the 68th Tank Brigade. Within hours the assault faltered in the face of heavy German fire.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
The 16th Army launched a new attack against 2nd Panzer Army on February 22, supported by 61st and 3rd Armies north and east of Bolkhov. The main attack was mounted by six rifle divisions backed by three tank brigades attacking along the Zhizdra axis but only managed to gain 7 km by February 25 due to rain and muddy roads and a skilful defense.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
Meanwhile the commander of 61st Army, Lt. Gen. P. A. Belov, planned to lead his attack with the 12th Guards supported by the 68th Tank Brigade once again against the defenses of 112th Infantry about 18 km north of Bolkhov. If the attack succeeded it would be reinforced by the 342nd and 356th Divisions but in the event one regiment of the 112th repulsed the division with relative ease and at considerable cost in casualties.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
Bryansk Front acknowledged the failure on this sector and ordered Belov to transfer the three divisions to the 3rd Army to reinforce its bridgehead on the west bank of the Oka River. In the event the 12th Guards was the last of the three to arrive, one of its rifle regiments never actually left the 61st Army sector, and by March 1 German counterattacks had eliminated the bridgehead, so it is possible the division never actually left the Army's command.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
During the following five days Bryansk Front attempted to renew its offensive, but with little success. The Front command reported to the STAVKA on March 6, among other items, that "The 61st Army fought stubborn battles during the day with units of the 12th Guards Rifle Division against enemy forces attacking in the Sivkovo and Gorodishche sector." The division, with its Army, remained in much the same positions until Operation Kutuzov began.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov
In April the division was under direct command of the Army headquarters; as of May 1 it was back in 9th Guards Corps with the 76th Guards Rifle Division in the Army reserves and by July 1 the Corps was in the front line with the addition of the 77th Guards Rifle Division. On June 26 General Erastov had been transferred to command of the 46th Rifle Corps, and was replaced in command of the division by Col. Dmitrii Kuzmich Malkov, who would remain in command for the duration of the war.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov, Operation Kutuzov
The Soviet offensive against the German-held salient centered on the city of Oryol began with limited, local reconnaissance thrusts on July 11 with the full assault beginning the next day, just as Hitler was deciding to shut down Operation Citadel. Following a three-hour artillery preparation three armies of Bryansk Front, including the 61st, plus the 11th Guards Army of Western Front, attacked against three sectors on the northern flank of the salient. 61st Army was still on the Bolkhov sector, now facing the German 208th Infantry Division with four rifle divisions in the first echelon.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov, Operation Kutuzov
By evening the Soviet troops had managed to advance 5–6 km. 11th Guards Army made much more substantial progress in the early going and on July 18 the Soviet command committed the fresh 25th Tank Corps into that Army's sector at Ulyanovo but instead of driving into the open gap between two German army corps most of the 25th Tank was directed towards Bolkhov, which was still in German hands until it was liberated, mostly by units of 61st Army, on July 28.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Second Winter Offensive and Operation Kutuzov, Operation Kutuzov
On the same day Gen. W. Model gave the order for his combined 2nd Panzer and 9th Armies to prepare to withdraw to the Hagen position at the base of the salient. In mid-August the forces of Bryansk Front attempted to break through to Karachev but only succeeded after the German forces withdrew further west. On August 18 their withdrawal to the Hagen line was completed.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus
61st Army was advancing on Bryansk in the late summer before it was moved to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command by the beginning of September. By the start of the next month it had been moved once again to Central Front where the 12th Guards rejoined 9th Guards Corps as the campaign moved into Belarus.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus
In the last days of September the Army arrived along the Dniepr River on a broad front extending from Loev to south of Liubech, and the division seized a small bridgehead on the western bank in the latter vicinity; its Corps-mates, the 76th and 77th Guards, failed to do likewise farther south.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus
On September 28 and again on October 2 General Belov attempted to expand the 12th Guards' bridgehead with the help of the two other divisions against the positions of the German 251st and 86th Infantry Divisions but only managed an advance of a further 2–3 km before being halted by strong artillery and machine-gun fire from the dominating heights west of the river.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
In preparation for the Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive Central Front underwent a major regrouping from October 8–14, during which 9th Guards Corps was fully concentrated in the bridgehead. It was to form the 61st Army's shock group along with the 29th Rifle Corps, backed by the 89th Rifle Corps from positions south of Liubech, when the offensive began on October 15.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
9th Guards Corps was supported by a heavy artillery barrage by 4th Artillery Penetration Corps following which the 12th Guards, with the 29th Guards Regiment on the right, the 37th in the center and the 32nd on the left, assaulted and broke through the positions of 251st Infantry and seized Hill 114.0, a vital position that dominated the Soviet enclave, by the end of the day. The two other Guards divisions expanded the bridgehead on both flanks and the 81st Rifle Division of 29th Corps crossed the Dniepr to the right of 77th Guards.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
By the end of October 18 the bridgehead had been expanded to 20 km wide and 4–5 km deep, but due to its still-limited size and irregular configuration Belov was unable to commit his mobile forces (7th Guards Cavalry Corps and 9th Tank Corps) and the arrival of 2nd Panzer Division from the Chernobyl region managed to contain the attack.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
On October 20 the commander of the just-renamed Belorussian Front, Army Gen. K. K. Rokossovsky, ordered Belov to regroup his Army and resume his attack on October 22. Accordingly Belov shifted his 9th Guards Corps northward from its bridgehead west of Liubech into 29th Corps' smaller bridgehead opposite Novaia and Staraia Lutava, situated 4–7 km north of Liubech precisely at the boundary between the 251st and 7th Infantry Divisions. 29th Corps then concentrated in a smaller bridgehead south of Radul on 9th Guards right flank.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
The objective was to link up with 65th Army farther north and then to exploit northwestward towards Kalinkavichy and Mazyr. Heavy fighting raged for more than a week, prompting German 2nd Army to order its Group Lubbe to begin a phased withdrawal to new positions in the rear. 9th Guards Corps seized Novaia and Staraia Lutava on October 23 and then with the assistance of 29th Corps advanced more than 10 km westward from Radul and linked up with 65th Army near the village of Nikolaevka. However by October 30 both Armies had "shot their bolt"; although both sides took considerable losses the Soviets had not been able to achieve a clean operational breach. Rokossovsky halted the attacks on November 1.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
The Armies regrouped again over the next eight days before renewing the assault on November 10. General Belov again chose to lead with the 9th Guards Corps, now supported by 89th Corps on its left flank. 12th Guards and 77th Guards Divisions were in the first echelon with 68th Tank Brigade while the 76th Guards was in second echelon, all in the Borshchovka - Kuchaevka sector. The two Corps faced the 7th and 137th Infantry Divisions, both operating as battlegroups.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
In the first three days 65th Army tore an 8–12 km gap in the German lines and was almost halfway to Rechitsa, which was liberated on November 15. 9th Guards Corps made less spectacular progress, but by November 13 had forced the defenders to withdraw to new lines 20 km to the west; furthermore the advance of 65th Army had unhinged all the defenses of Army Group Center in southern Belarus and under continuing pressure further withdrawals were inevitable. By November 20 the defenders had been reinforced from other sectors but were still sagging under pressure from 9th Guards and 89th Corps.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
... Rokossovsky's [forces] had turned west behind Rechitsa toward Kalkinovichi, the railroad junction controlling all of the Second Army supply lines. On 20 November Weiss shifted two of the divisions that had taken part in the counterattack west, to screen Kalinkovichi... The next morning Weiss reported that Soviet tanks and cavalry with strong infantry support were within 19 miles [30km] of Kalinkovichi. If they took the town the army would be out of motor fuel in two days and out of ammunition in four.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
On November 22 Rokossovsky launched his Front on a renewed offensive that included the 9th Guards Corps, backed by the 68th Tanks, 9th Tank and 2nd Cavalry Corps, in an attack that shattered the German front south of Malodusha and started a sweep to the southwest that threatened to envelop German 2nd Army's right flank. The assault split apart the German 216th and 102nd Infantry Divisions and opened an immense gap in their defenses that allowed lead elements to reach Dubrovitsa on the Rechitsa - Khoiniki road by day's end.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
That afternoon Hitler finally accepted the inevitable and finally allowed Weiss to take his front back to a line just east of Kalinkavichy. The ensuing withdrawal lasted six days during which the two Soviet rifle corps and supporting units made spectacular progress, swinging southward and then westward through the Sholb Swamp and reaching as far as 45 km east of Mazyr. Only the last-minute arrival of elements of 4th and 5th Panzer Divisions prevented the fall of Kalinkavichy; 9th Guards Corps and 7th Cavalry Corps were finally halted 12 km east of there on November 28.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Gomel - Rechitsa Offensive
Meanwhile, Gomel had been evacuated by German 9th Army and liberated by the right-flank forces of Belorussian Front on November 26. By now most Soviet rifle divisions were reduced to 3,500 to 4,500 personnel each and a break for rebuilding and replenishment was necessary. Rokossovsky attempted a new offensive on Kalinkavichy on December 8 with 61st and 65th Armies but this made almost no progress and was called off on the 12th.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
Nearly a month passed until a new effort to liberate Mazyr and Kalinkavichy began on January 8, 1944. Once again the 9th Guards Corps was to lead the 61st Army's attack with 12th Guards in the center and the other two Guards divisions on each flank. Colonel Malkov later described the Corps' mission and the German defenses:


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
Corps Group "E", 5th Panzer Division [in fact, only one battalion], and 292nd Infantry Division were defending opposite 9th Guards Rifle Corps' front. The forward edge of the Germans' defenses, which extended 200-300 meters east of the Osipova Rudnia and Aleksandrovka road, were covered with barbed wire obstacles and, in some sectors, antitank and antipersonnel minefields. Pillboxes were constructed for firing points and bunkers with strong cover for the personnel. The villages of Aleksandrovka and Golevitsy Station were organized into powerful strongpoints.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
The 292nd, in common with most of the German divisions, was at the strength of a reinforced regiment and Corps Group "E" was a composite of remnants of even weaker divisions. Using the 356th Rifle Division as a screen, General Belov had the Corps regrouped somewhat southward with the mission of penetrating the German defense and advancing to the west to capture Kalinkavichy in concert with 65th Army advancing from the north and northeast. The Corps would again be supported by 68th Tanks as well as the SU-76s of the 1459th SU Regiment.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
61st Army also had the support of the 6th Artillery Penetration Division and 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade. At the insistence of Belov, Colonel Malkov had deployed his division in a single echelon with all three rifle regiments in line, leaving him with very few reserves. The attack began at dawn on January 8 after a 45-minute artillery preparation. The division captured the forward trenches of the 292nd Division's defenses and advanced 1.5–2 km before being halted by intense German fire. The 77th Guards on the division's right gained about 2 km before also being halted, while the 76th Guards was stopped in its tracks; both had also been deployed in a single line. Malkov wrote:


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
Despite launching attacks both during the day and at night, from 8 through 11 January, the corps' formations were not able to penetrate the enemy's defenses. Since each and every attack was preceded by and artillery preparation, in this case it represented a signal to the enemy, forewarning them of the attack... Over the course of three days, they launched 19 counterattacks, mainly from the region of Hill 128.4, where they committed fresh reinforcements at the boundary between the 77th and 12th Guards Rifle Divisions.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
The subunits of these divisions turned out to be in flat, open and swampy terrain, where there was no cover... Several times each day... Belov... demanded insistently that our troops penetrate the enemy's defense and capture Kalinkovichi at all cost. However, these demands did not alter the situation. Reserves were needed... and beside the ski battalions, there were no reserves in the divisions.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
On January 12 General Rokossovsky intervened to demand the use of a more imaginative approach. By this time 65th Army was advancing from the north after similar initial difficulties, and three Guards cavalry corps had made a spectacular advance south of the Pripyat River which made the German position untenable.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
Overnight on January 12–13 each division's ski battalion began infiltrating through the German defenses. There was no artillery preparation; instead the divisions concentrated their direct and mortar fire on narrow sectors to suppress German fire and the guns were reserved to hit targets identified by the advancing skiers who were mostly armed with machine guns, sub-machine guns and light mortars. After 15–20 minutes the main forces of the divisions went into the attack, by which time the 12 Guards' ski battalion was already 2 km deep and had cut the road from Buda and Kalinkavichy.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive
Just as the ski detachments were beginning their operation the 292nd and 7th Divisions had been ordered back to new lines and the next day the German XX Army Corps ordered all its units to fall back to the Ipa River line. At 0400 hours on January 14 the 1st Guards Tank Corps entered the northern outskirts of the city and joined hands with 12th Guards which had just entered from the east. That evening Mazyr was liberated by the 15th Guards Cavalry and the 55th and 415th Rifle Divisions.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive, Ozarichi - Ptich Offensive
Rokossovsky almost immediately began a new drive to the west although there is little information on it in the historical record. The 12th Guards divisional history states:


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive, Ozarichi - Ptich Offensive
Units of the division entered battle northwest of Kalinkovichi on 20 January and, after smashing enemy resistance, began a slow but persistent advance forward. In February the corps' forces reached the Ptich River in the Ivashkovichi region and, by order of the army commander, went on the defense.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive, Ozarichi - Ptich Offensive
Based on German staff maps the 9th Guards Corps entered combat early on January 26 with the 76th and 77th Guards in first echelon and the 12th Guards in second, although this is not entirely clear from the maps alone. The Corps passed through the lines of 89th Rifle Corps and attacked towards XX Corps' second defensive line, anchored on Svobodka No. 1 Sovkhoz in the rear of 5th Panzer Division.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Belarus, Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Offensive, Ozarichi - Ptich Offensive
Although the withdrawing 5th Panzer ultimately contained the attackers short of the Ptich it was clear that the remaining defenses of XX Corps on the lower Ipa were no longer tenable and late on January 27 General Weiss ordered it back to a new line along the Ptich. Later in February the 61st Army was reassigned to the 2nd Belorussian Front (1st formation) and remained on much the same lines through the spring, before rejoining Rokossovsky's renamed 1st Belorussian Front in April.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration
The main part of offensive against Army Group Center began on June 23, but the left flank forces of 1st Belorussian Front did not enter the fighting until early July. As of the first of that month 61st Army consisted of just six rifle divisions and 9th Guards Corps had just the 12th Guards and 212nd Rifle Divisions. Furthermore the Army was badly stretched out along the Pripyat and was facing a German grouping in and around Polesye. Its first efforts to begin active operations during July 3–5 were not successful.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration
On the 7th the 9th Guards Corps began an attack towards Pinsk while the 89th Corps, along with the Dniepr Flotilla, began to press along the Pripyat from the east to the west. The adjacent 28th Army launched an attack with one division on Luninets and the German forces began to hurriedly retreat to the west. On July 14 the division shared in the liberation of Pinsk and was given its name as an honorific:


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration
"PINSK" - 12th Guards Rifle Division (Colonel Malkov, Dmitrii Kuzmich)... The troops who participated in the liberation of Pinsk, by the order of the Supreme High Command of 14 July 1944, and a commendation in Moscow, are given a salute of 20 artillery salvoes from 224 guns.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration, Brest - Siedlce Offensive
On July 17 the Front began a drive towards Brest and Siedlce as the offensive began to slow due to logistics and German reinforcements. 61st Army launched its main attack with its right flank in the direction of Strigovo and Chernavchitsi and aided by the success of the left flank of 28th Army broke through the German defense along the Mukhavets River and on July 20 captured the major rail and road junction of Kobryn.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration, Brest - Siedlce Offensive
In recognition on July 25 the 12th Guards was decorated with the Order of the Red Banner, while the 29th (Lt. Col. Ivan Petrovich Mokhov) and 37th Rifle Regiments (Lt. Col. Ivan Stepanovich Kolesnikov) and the 31st Artillery Regiment (Col. Daniil Afanasevich Avralov) all received the town's name as a battle honor.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration, Brest - Siedlce Offensive
Later on July 20 the bulk of 61st Army was removed to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command but due to still-stubborn German resistance Rokossovsky was authorized to retain 9th Guards Corps to assist the 28th and 70th Armies in the ongoing offensive towards Brest. Over the next four days of heavy fighting the Corps managed to advance from 16–20 km due west and there appeared to be a developing opportunity to encircle the German Brest grouping.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration, Brest - Siedlce Offensive
On July 25 and 26 the Corps continued advancing slowly while repelling counterattacks while 70th Army's right flank broke through the first positions of the Brest fortified area. By the end of July 27 the Corps was on a line from Zadworce to Wulka-Zastavska and Brest was encircled while the German force was seeking at any price to break out. The town and fortress were both liberated the next day and only small groups of defenders managed to break out to the west while most were captured or destroyed in the woods west of the town.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Operation Bagration, Brest - Siedlce Offensive
The 12th Guards received considerable recognition for its part in the victory; 32nd Rifle Regiment (Lt. Col. Nikolai Terentevich Volkov) was given "Brest" as an honorific, while the other three regiments were all awarded the Order of the Red Banner on August 10. Soon afterwards the 9th Guards Corps rejoined 61st Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Baltic Campaign
61st Army returned to the front in September, now in the 3rd Baltic Front. As of the middle of the month the division was in the area of Aluksne in Latvia. By the beginning of October it had advanced westward past Valmiera in the direction of Riga. On October 31 the 12th Guards was awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Degree, for its part in the liberation of that city. When 3rd Baltic was disbanded shortly after Riga was taken the Army was reassigned to 1st Baltic Front until nearly the end of November. On November 29 the commander of the 1st Belorussian Front received the following:


12th Guards Rifle Division, Baltic Campaign
"By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, the following are being transferred to you by railroad:... b)  61st Army, consisting of:... 9th Guards Rifle Corps (12th and 75th Guards Rifle and 415th Rifle Divisions)... along with reinforcements, service establishments and rear organs. The army will arrive approximately between 9 December and 1 January at the Lukow station."


12th Guards Rifle Division, Baltic Campaign
A further directive on December 7 ordered that the personnel strength of the Army's nine rifle divisions be reinforced to 6,500 men each, as well as 900 horses.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Poland and Germany
In the plan for the Vistula-Oder offensive the task of finally liberating Warsaw fell to the 47th Army (attacking from the north), 1st Polish Army, and two corps of 61st Army (from the south). After reaching and clearing the northern bank of the Pilica River that force was to move in the direction of Błonie), while the 9th Guards Corps was to help clear a path for the commitment of 2nd Guards Tank Army on the third day and then advance towards Sochaczew.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Poland and Germany
When the offensive began at 0855 hours on January 14, 1945 after a 25-minute artillery preparation the Army's forward battalions were halted by German fire in front of the switch position along the line of the Pilica and could not force a crossing. An additional two-hour preparation (which was supplemented by all the artillery on the 3rd Shock Army), and the commitment of the Army's main forces at 1100 hours was required to overcome resistance. As a result the 61st advanced only 2–4 km during the day. Once the breakthrough was achieved and 2nd Guards Tank entered the battle progress increased rapidly and the 415th Division led 9th Guards Corps into Sochaczew on January 18.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Poland and Germany
On January 26 the commander of 1st Belorussian Front, Marshal G. K. Zhukov, reported to the STAVKA on his plans to develop the offensive and to force the Oder River. 61st Army was directed towards Schloppe and Berlinchen, reaching the Oder on the sixth day and subsequently forcing a crossing. Subsequently in mid-February the Army was one of those shifted northward towards Stargard in reaction to the German Operation Solstice.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Poland and Germany, Berlin Operation
In the buildup to the offensive on Berlin in April the 61st Army was deployed on the east bank of the Oder from Nipperwiese to Alt Rudnitz. The Army was to launch its main attack with its left flank, forcing the river along a 2.5 km sector from Hohenwutzow to Neuglitzen. The 12th Guards was one of six divisions, including the rest of 9th Guards and the 89th Rifle Corps, grouped along the axis of the main attack. Within its Corps, the division was in the first echelon with the 75th Guards while the 415th Division was in second echelon.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Into Poland and Germany, Berlin Operation
Although the main offensive began on April 16, 61st Army did not attack until the next day, when it won a bridgehead 3 km wide and up to 1,000m deep. By the 22nd the Army had cleared the Oder and Alte Oder and had turned its front completely to the north; three days later it had reached points 55 km west of the Oder. On April 29 it forced the Havel River in the area of Zehdenick against minimal resistance. Finally, on May 2, having advanced 60 km during the day against no resistance, it reached the Elbe River in the area of Havelberg, and the next day met up with elements of the U.S. 84th Infantry Division near Gnefsdorf.


12th Guards Rifle Division, Postwar
When the fighting stopped the division held the full title of 12th Guards Rifle, Pinsk, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Division. (Russian: 12-я гвардейская стрелковая Пинская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия). In a final round of awards for the Berlin operation all four regiments of the division received decorations on May 28: the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd Degree, went to the 31st Guards Artillery; the 32nd Guards Rifle got the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd Degree; and the 29th and 37th Guards Rifle each received the Order of Suvorov, 3rd Degree. Maj. Gen. Nikolai Fedorovich Andonev, former commander of the recently-disbanded 397th Rifle Division, took over the division in July and remained in command until February, 1946. Despite its distinguished record the 12th Guards was disbanded in July.


12th Guards Tank Division
The 12th Guards Uman Orders of Lenin Red Banner and Suvorov Tank Division was a tank division of the Soviet Ground Forces. It drew its history from the World War II 16th Tank Corps. It was redesignated successively as 12th Guards Tank Corps (1943) and 12th Guards Tank Division (1946).


12th Guards Tank Division, History
The division was initially formed as 16th Tank Corps in the Kiev Military District. It became part of the 2nd Tank Army upon the army's formation. During the war, it participated in fighting at Kharkov, Stalingrad, Kursk, Grel, Uman-Botoshany Offensive, Targul-Frumos, Lublin-Brest Offensive, Vistula-Oder and other operations and actions. From December 1943 to August 1944 it was commanded by Major General Ivan Vasilievich Dubovoy.


12th Guards Tank Division, History
It took part in the counter-attacks against the Germans advancing on Stalingrad in the later summer of 1942, the winter counter-offensives of 1942/43, the Battle of Kursk in July (as part of the Central Front), then across Ukraine with the Central, Belorussian, and 1st Belorussian Fronts. In the summer of 1944, it was with the 2nd Tank Army, and took part in the offensives, reaching the outskirts of Warsaw. On 20 November 1944, it was awarded ‘Guards’ status and re-designated the 12th Guards Tank Corps. The Corps took part in the Vistula-Oder and Berlin Operations, ending the war in the Berlin area.


12th Guards Tank Division, History, Cold War
As part of the occupation forces, it was assigned to the 2nd Guards Tank Army. On 6 July 1945, it was reorganized into the 12th Guards Tank Division at Neuruppin. In June 1946 the 2nd Guards Tank Army became the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army. On 6 May 1954, the division was reorganized. The 34th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment became the 145th Guards Mechanized Regiment. The 226th Guards Mortar Regiment and separate howitzer artillery battalion were combined into the 843rd Guards Artillery Regiment. The 18th Separate Guards Motorcycle Battalion became a reconnaissance battalion. Also, the Chemical Defence Company was formed.


12th Guards Tank Division, History, Cold War
In 1957, the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army became a tank army again. On 25 June 1957, the 49th Guards Tank Regiment transferred to the 26th Guards Tank Division. The 66th Guards Tank Regiment was renamed the 353rd Guards Tank Regiment. The 71st Guards Heavy Tank Self-Propelled Regiment became the 332nd Guards Heavy Tank Regiment. The 145th Guards Mechanized Regiment became the 803rd Guards Motor Rifle Regiment. The 186th Separate Guards Communications Battalion was renumbered as the 490th. The 75th Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment moved to the 207th Motor Rifle Division in 1958. It was replaced by the 933rd Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment.


12th Guards Tank Division, History, Cold War
In 1960, the 59th Separate Tank Training Battalion was disbanded. The 639th Separate Missile Battalion was formed in 1961. On 19 February 1962, the 64th Separate Equipment Maintenance and Recovery Battalion was created. The 136th Separate Guards Sapper Battalion became an engineer-sapper unit in 1968. In November of that year, the 803rd Guards Motor Rifle Regiment and 843rd Guards Artillery Regiment moved from the 25th Tank Division. That division's 400th Motor Rifle Regiment and 117th Artillery Regiment were transferred to the 12th Guards Division. The chemical defence company became the 129th Separate Chemical Defence Battalion in 1972.


12th Guards Tank Division, History, Cold War
The motor transport battalion became the 1074th Separate Material Supply Battalion in 1980. The 400th Motor Rifle Regiment was replaced by the 200th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment in January 1983. The division  became part of the 3rd Red Banner Army in May 1983. The army headquarters was located in the city of Magdeburg. Other divisions of the army were the 10th Guards Uralsko-Lvovskaya Tank Division, the 47th Guards Tank Division, and the 207th Motor Rifle Division. In September 1987 the 639th Separate Missile Battalion was transferred to the 442nd Missile Brigade.


12th Guards Tank Division, History, Cold War
Division headquarters was located in the town of Neuruppin. On the outskirts of town, closer to Altruppin was the location of the three regiments: 48th Guards Tank Regiment, the 353rd Guards Tank Regiment and 332nd Guards Tank Regiment. After the withdrawal from Germany, the 12th Guards Tank Division was disbanded. The commander of the 48th Guards Tank Regiment in 1989 was  Colonel Kuhnovets. It was to be deactivated in the Moscow Military District, and the division actually disbanded around 1991.


12th Guards Tank Division, History, Cold War
In December 1990, the division moved to Vladikavkaz and became part of the North Caucasus Military District. It was disbanded in February 1991. The 200th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment and 18th Separate Guards Reconnaissance Battalion were transferred to the 19th Motor Rifle Division. The 933rd Anti- Aircraft Missile Regiment was directly subordinated to the 42nd Army Corps.


12th Guldbagge Awards
The 12th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 1975 and 1976, and took place on 13 September 1976. Release the Prisoners to Spring directed by Tage Danielsson was presented with the award for Best Film.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa
The 12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Jigmet Pema Wangchen (Tibetan: འཇིགས་མེད་པདྨ་དབང་ཆེན་, Wylie: vjigs med pad+ma dbang chen, born 1963), is the head of the Drukpa Lineage school, which is one of the independent Sarma (new) schools of Tibetan Buddhism. In Drukpa, druk means 'dragon' which is a symbol of love and peace.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Drukpa Lineage
The Drukpa lineage was founded in 1206 after Drogon Tsangpa Gyare, (Drogon - 'Protector of Beings'; Tsang - 'born in the land of Tsang'; Gya - 'from the noble clan of Chinese (Gya) origin'; Re - 'a cotton-clad yogi') after he saw nine dragons fly into the sky from the ground at Namdruk. He is known as the First Gyalwang Drukpa and is recognized as the indisputable emanation of Naropa (1016–1100).


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Drukpa Lineage
Jigme Pema Wangchen is the twelfth and present incarnation of the Gyalwang Drukpa. He was born while his parents were on pilgrimage in Tso Pema (Rewalsar, Mandi) Himachal Pradesh, a sacred place of Padmasambhava, during the festival and a major ceremony of lama dances and a holy fest celebrating Guru Padmasambhava's birthday, in 1963. His father, Zhichen Bairochana, is a Dzogchen Master, these days commonly called Bairo Rinpoche. His mother, Kelsang Yudron, commonly known as Mayumla, came from Lhodrak, in southern Tibet.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Drukpa Lineage
The name Jigmet Pema Wangchen was given right after his birth by Dudjom Rinpoche, at that time head of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism: "My name, Jigmet Pema Wangchen was given by the holy Master Dudjom Yeshe Dorje with his traditional congratulations and divine blessings. Ever since then, I am blessed and entirely protected by him and Guru Padmasambhava forever." He was enthroned as a reincarnation of the 11th Gyalwang Drukpa at the age of four at Druk Thupten Sangag Choeling Monastery in Darjeeling, his main monastery.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions
The Gyalwang Drukpa is an active environmentalist, educator and the spiritual head of the Drukpa Lineage, one of the main Buddhist schools of the Himalayas founded by the great Indian saint Naropa (1016–1100CE) with a thousand-year legacy in India. He applies ancient Buddhist philosophy to resolve today's problems and has millions of followers worldwide.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions
One of the Gyalwang Drukpa's main focuses is on environmental preservation and education, which puts into action the core Buddhist principle that all beings are interconnected and interdependent. His mission is to promote universal harmony and inner peace by integrating the spiritual tenets of love and appreciation into daily life. His work also includes encouraging gender equality, establishing educational institutions, medical clinics and meditation centres and rebuilding heritage sites in the Himalayas. He is the founder and spiritual director of the award-winning Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India, which provides its students with a modern education while preserving their local culture.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions
Emphasizing that everyone can have a dramatic positive impact on the community around them, the Gyalwang Drukpa teaches that we should put compassion into action. In recognition of these activities, the Gyalwang Drukpa received the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Honour in September 2010 and three months later in December 2010, he received Green Hero Award, presented by the President of India.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions
Historically, women in the Himalayas have struggled to receive equal treatment, sometimes being ostracised for seeking to practise spirituality. The Gyalwang Drukpa is working to change this and has established the Druk Gawa Khilwa Nunnery – a modern and green abbey outside Kathmandu, Nepal with a satellite abbey in Ladakh, India. There, women receive a modern education, as well as spiritual training historically reserved for men. In an effort to instill self-confidence, the Gyalwang Drukpa has also authorized them to learn kung fu, training that was off-limits to women for over two centuries. These kung fu nuns are gaining worldwide recognition. A BBC News documentary featured them. In addition, they have performed at the Olympic Park in London and at the CERN in Geneva.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions
The Gyalwang Drukpa regularly addresses the international community on contemporary issues including environmental protection, gender equality and religious tolerance. He attends the annual United Nations week in New York, where he speaks at different UN Women's forums meeting with like-minded women leaders such as Cherie Blair, Geena Davis and Her Royal Highness Princess Basmah bint Saud, attends high-level meetings concerning world conflicts, and participates at various discussions on climate change.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions
The Gyalwang Drukpa also collaborates with well-respected international organizations to promote the message of active compassion as well as to find effective and sustainable solutions to bridge materialism and spirituality. Most recently, the Gyalwang Drukpa visited the CERN in Switzerland with several of his kung fu nuns to discuss the seeming tension of religion and science in society, as well as the improvement of gender equality. He often meets with several United Nations branches, including the World Health Organization, to discuss, among other things, potential cooperation in improving health worldwide.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love
In his effort to use Buddhist approaches to solve modern day problems, the Gyalwang Drukpa founded the Live to Love global humanitarian movement in 2007. Live to Love is an international consortium of secular, non-profit organizations working together to achieve five aims: Education, Environmental Protection, Medical Services, Relief Aid and Heritage Preservation.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love
Beyond its formal aims, Live to Love hopes to inspire others to integrate acts of love – big and small – into their daily lives.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Environmental protection
The Himalayan region, known as the 'third pole' supplies water to nearly one-half of the world's population and is disproportionately impacted by global warming. Live to Love sponsors several unique and world-renowned projects focused on environmental protection of this fragile eco-system. For example, every year, Live to Love hosts the 'Eco Pad Yatra,’ ('Pad' means 'foot' and 'Yatra' means journeying, 'Pad Yatra' means 'journey on foot') a trek in which hundreds of volunteers hike hundreds of miles collecting plastic waste.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Environmental protection
Live to Love also plants literally tens of thousands of trees in the region, cleaning the air of toxins and stabilizing the soil. In September 2013, during the UN week, the Gyalwang Drukpa was named 'The Guardian of the Himalayas' by Waterkeeper Alliance, founded in 1999 by environmental lawyer Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and several Waterkeeper organisations.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Environmental protection
In 2010, the Gyalwang Drukpa launched an initiative to plant one million trees in Ladakh, as part of the 'one million trees' campaign initiated by Wangari Maathaï, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. As part of this initiative, the Gyalwang Drukpa led the Live to Love volunteers to break the Guinness World Record twice for most trees planted simultaneously. In October 2012, over 9,800 volunteers planted nearly 100,000 trees, safeguarding villages from mudslides and cleaning polluted air.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Education
The people of Ladakh, India, preserve a unique Buddhist lifestyle. As modernization occurs, they are losing their indigenous culture and are having difficulty competing in the new economy. With approximately 1,000 students, the Druk White Lotus School seeks to provide its students a modern education while instilling a respect for the unique indigenous culture of this region. This curriculum includes courses in English and computer skills, as well as the local language and art.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Education
The school has won multiple accolades for its sustainable design including three World Architecture Awards and the Inspiring Design Award from the British Council for School Environments. The school has been the subject of an acclaimed PBS documentary (USA), narrated by Brat Pitt, and has been featured in the Bollywood blockbuster film, '3 Idiots' starring Aamir Khan.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Medical services
Many remote Himalayan communities lack basic medical services. The Druk White Lotus Clinic, recently opened and operational, is located on Druk Amitabha Mountain outside of Kathmandu, Nepal, and provides regular medical care for the community living on the mountain. At the guidance of the Gyalwang Drukpa Live to Love also hosts temporary medical clinics in Ladakh, India, including an annual eye clinic in which doctors replace the corneas of individuals who have lost sight due to eye disease. After a relatively simple surgery, patients who were blind can see. Further, Live to Love seeks to train amchis, practitioners of traditional Himalayan medicine, to provide basic medical care to very remote communities and liaise with allopathic doctors to treat more serious illnesses.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Relief aid
In August 2010, a flash flood from an unexpected cloudburst devastated Ladakh, killing hundreds and leaving thousands homeless. The Gyalwang Drukpa's Live to Love international and domestic volunteers distributed necessities to those in need. They provided nearly 300 units of LPG gas tanks and cooking stoves to displaced families to replace more dangerous portable kerosene stoves. The Druk White Lotus School took in children left homeless because of the flash flood. In light of this disaster, Live to Love seeks to train local Himalayan volunteers in disaster relief expertise in the coming years to provide a rapid, formal response to future events. The Gyalwang Drukpa himself visited, on foot, 50 remote villages affected by the flash flood.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian activities and recognitions, Live to Love, Heritage preservation
The culture and art of Ladakh, India is primarily Buddhist. Because Ladakh is located along the Silk Route, many locations present rare examples of Gandhara and Bamiyan style Buddhist art, which synthesizes Byzantine, Roman-Greco, Scytho-Parthian and Indian elements. Most examples of this style of art have been destroyed in Afghanistan and Pakistan. At the instruction of the Gyalwang Drukpa, Live to Love seeks to preserve this unique art. In addition, Live to Love is beginning an initiative to digitally archive blockprints, manuscripts and texts found in community buildings and homes that reflect and chronicle the culture and history of Ladakh.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Indian government-issued commemorative stamp
On 14 May 2014, Department of Posts-Government of India celebrated Buddha Purnima with the release of a commemorative stamp on the Drukpa Buddhists, a rare and perhaps first recognition given by the Indian government to a particular Buddhist lineage. The commemorative stamp celebrating the 999 years of Drukpa Lineage was released by Shri SK Sinha, Member (HRD), Department of Posts in the presence of the Gyalwang Drukpa, spiritual head of Drukpa Buddhists and Drukpa Thuksey Rinpoche, spiritual regent of the lineage, at Ashok Hotel in Delhi.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian projects
The Gyalwang Drukpa is the founder of The Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India, an award-winning environmentally friendly institution that provides a blend of traditional and modern education for the children of Ladakh.


12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Humanitarian projects
In 2010 he was awarded the Bharat Jyoti Award of the India International Friendship Society.


12th Helpmann Awards
The 12th Annual Helpmann Awards was held on 24 September 2012 at the Sydney Opera House, in Sydney, New South Wales. Administered by Live Performance Australia (LPA), accolades were presented for achievements in disciplines of Australia's live performance sectors, for productions during the season between 1 March 2011 – 31 May 2012.


12th Helpmann Awards
Awards were handed out in forty-two categories for achievements in theatre, musicals, opera, ballet, dance and concerts.


12th Helpmann Awards
With the 2012 edition, LPA established the Helpmann Awards Travel Fund which seeks to provide a greater opportunity for productions outside of Melbourne and Sydney to become Nominated for an Award. The Fund provides travel assistance to members of the voting panel, allowing them to attend productions outside of their home states.


12th Helpmann Awards, Winners and nominees
In the following tables, winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.


12th Helpmann Awards, Special awards
The JC Williamson Award, a lifetime achievement award, was awarded to the late Indigenous Australian musician Jimmy Little (1 March 1937 – 2 April 2012) and Katharine Brisbane, a theatre journalist and publisher. The Brian Stacey Award, for emerging conductors of live theatre, opera and ballet, was given to Daniel Carter.


12th Himachal Pradesh Assembly
In the election for the Twelfth Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh, held 4 November  2012, the Congress Party secured a victory. The Congress won 36, while the Bharatiya Janata Party won 26 of the 68 seats.


12th Hong Kong Film Awards
The 12th Hong Kong Awards ceremony, honored the best films of 1992 and took place on 23 April 1993 at Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The ceremony was hosted by Lydia Shum and John Sham, during the ceremony awards are presented in 16 categories.


12th Hong Kong Film Awards, Awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().


12th Hong Kong Film Awards, Awards
The Special Commemoration Award was a special award presented in memoriam of actor Cho-Fan Ng


12th Hundred Flowers Awards
Ceremony for the 12th Hundred Flowers Awards was held in 1989, Beijing.


12th IIFA Awards
The 2011 IIFA Awards, officially the 12th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2010 and took place between 23–25 June 2011. The official ceremony took place on 25 June 2011, at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. During the ceremony, IIFA Awards were awarded in 24 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in India and internationally on Star Plus. Actors Boman Irani and Ritesh Deshmukh co-hosted the ceremony for the fourth time.


12th IIFA Awards
In related events, the IIFA Music and Fashion Extravaganza took place on 24 June 2011 at the Ricoh Coliseum. The event was hosted by Karan Johar (Best Director winner) and Anushka Sharma (Best Performance in a Leading Role Female winner). During the event, all technical awards and one musical award were presented to the winners.


12th IIFA Awards
Dabangg won ten awards, three of which were popular awards: (Best Picture, Best Performance in a Negative Role and Female Debutant Star.) Both Band Baaja Baaraat and Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai won five awards. Other multiple winners included Guzaarish with six awards and I Hate Luv Storys, Robot and Udaan, with three awards each. In addition, Housefull and Love Sex aur Dhokha, each received one award.


12th IIFA Awards, Background
This was the first time the IIFA Awards were held in Canada and North America. Toronto's large South Asian population likely influenced the choice as a host city (Ontario is the province with the most Indo-Canadians at 573,250 with 484,655 in the Greater Toronto Area). The award ceremonies are held in various places around the world and has not necessarily been held in locale with a large South Asian population.


12th IIFA Awards, Background
The awards ceremony was telecasted on 24 July 2011 on Star Plus.


12th IIFA Awards, Winners and nominees
The list of winners of the awards is given below. Winners are listed first, and highlighted in boldface.


12th IIFA Awards, Controversies, Shahrukh Khan and stage crasher
While co-hosting the Music Awards, a man jumped on stage and clamped himself to Shahrukh Khan's injured leg. He was later removed from the stage, when Shahrukh said  "You're hurting my leg. Please move!". But, Shahrukh did agree to meet after the show upon the request of the man.


12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment
The 12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment was a volunteer cavalry regiment which served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment, History
The 12th Cavalry was organized at Camp Butler in February 1862. It was part of the Army of the Potomac from September 1862 to November 1863; the Department of the Gulf from March 1864 to February 1865; and the Department of Texas from July 1865 to May 1866.


12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment, History
The 4th Illinois Cavalry was consolidated with the 12th Illinois Cavalry on June 14, 1865.


12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment, History
At the Gettysburg Battlefield, the monument to the unit is west of Gettysburg on Reynolds Avenue between the Railroad Cut and Chambersburg Road. It was dedicated in 1891 by the State of Illinois.


12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 38 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 4 officers and 192 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 234 fatalities.


12th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 12th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment (3 months) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army between May 2, 1861 and August 1, 1861, during the American Civil War.


12th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The infantry regiment was organized at Springfield, Illinois and mustered in on May 2, 1861 for a three-month service. The regiment was transferred to Cairo, Illinois, for garrison duty until August 1861. By the time the regiment was mustered out on August 1, 1861, they had lost four to disease.


12th Illinois Infantry Regiment (3 Year)
The 12th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, known as the "1st Scotch Regiment," was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Illinois Infantry Regiment (3 Year), Service
The 12th Illinois Infantry was mustered into  Federal service for a three-year enlistment on August 1, 1861, at Cairo, Illinois.


12th Illinois Infantry Regiment (3 Year), Service
The regiment was mustered out on July 18, 1865, at Camp Butler National Cemetery Camp Butler, Illinois


12th Illinois Infantry Regiment (3 Year), Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 5 officers and 143 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 3 officers and 109 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 260 fatalities.


12th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery
12th Indiana Battery Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
The battery was organized at Jeffersonville and Indianapolis, Indiana, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on January 25, 1862.


12th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
The battery served unattached, Army of the Ohio, to June 1862. Reserve Artillery, Army of the Ohio, to September 1862. Post and Defenses of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Ohio, to November 1862, and Department of the Cumberland to July 1865.


12th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
The 12th Indiana Battery Light Artillery mustered out of service on July 7, 1865.


12th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Casualties
The battery lost a total of 24 men during service; 2 officers and 22 enlisted men died of disease.


12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
The 12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Service
The 12th Independent Battery was mustered into service at St. Louis, Missouri, in February, 1862 as a part of a Missouri light artillery regiment under the authority of Governor Henry but was transferred to Wisconsin state service.


12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Total strength and casualties
The 12th Independent Battery initially recruited 99 officers and men. An additional 212 men were recruited as replacements, for a total of 311men.


12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Total strength and casualties
The battery suffered 1 officer and 10 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds, and 23 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 34 fatalities.


12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Total strength and casualties
Most of the battle losses occurred at the Battle of Allatoona Pass, October 5, 1864, where the 12th was the only Union artillery present. First Lieutenant Marcus Amsden, who commanded the battery in this fight, fell mortally wounded; Sergeant Sylvester Bartow, Corporal Alva P. Hamilton, and Private David C. Davey were killed in action, and Privates Charles C. Baker, Joseph W. Chase, and Samuel H. Doolittle also died of their wounds.


12th Independent Spirit Awards
The 12th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best in independent filmmaking for 1996, were announced on March 22, 1997. It was hosted by Samuel L. Jackson.


12th Indian Brigade
The 12th Indian Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Indian Army that saw active service in the First World War. It served in the Mesopotamian Campaign on the Euphrates Front throughout its existence.


12th Indian Brigade, History
The 12th Indian Brigade was formed at Nasirabad in 5th (Mhow) Division in January 1915. It was transferred to Mesopotamia and joined the 12th Indian Division on formation at the end of March.


12th Indian Brigade, History
With the division, the brigade took part in the Actions for Nasiriya (5, 13 – 14, 24 July) and the Occupation of Nasiriya (25 July) in 1915 and the Affair of Butaniya on 14 January 1916. The division never reached full strength as units were constantly detached to support the efforts to relieve the 6th (Poona) Division besieged at Kut. The division was broken up on 10 March 1916 and the brigade was posted to the new 15th Indian Division in May 1916.


12th Indian Brigade, History
The 15th Indian Division was formed on 7 May 1916 to replace the 12th Indian Division on the Euphrates Front; the brigade joined the division on formation. It remained with the division on the Euphrates Front until the end of the war. The brigade took part in the action of As Sahilan (11 September 1916), the Capture of Ramadi (28 and 29 September 1917), the Occupation of Hīt (9 March 1918) and the action of Khan Baghdadi (26 and 27 March 1918).


12th Indian Brigade, History
At the end of the war, the division was rapidly run down and it (along with the brigade) was disbanded in March 1919.


12th Indian Brigade, Order of battle
The brigade commanded the following units in the First World War:


12th Indian Cavalry Brigade
The 12th Indian Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army that formed part of the Indian Army during the First World War. It remained in India throughout the war.


12th Indian Cavalry Brigade, History
The 12th Indian Cavalry Brigade was formed under 4th (Quetta) Division in June 1918. It took command of three newly formed cavalry regiments:


12th Indian Cavalry Brigade, History
The brigade remained with the division throughout the First World War. It was commanded from 27 June 1918 by Brigadier-General H.B. Birdwood. All three constituent regiments were disbanded in 1921.


12th Indian Division
The 12th Indian Division was formed in March 1915 from units of the British Indian Army. It formed part of the Tigris Corps, for service during the Mesopotamia Campaign of World War I. The Division arrived in Mesopotamia in April 1915 and remained there until it was broken up in March 1916. The Division's brigades remained in Mesopotamia as independent formations until forming part of the 15th Indian Division in May 1916.


12th Indian Division
During its short existence it fought in a number of actions including the Battle of Shaiba between April 12–14, 1915, the  Battle of Khafajiya between May 14–16, 1915, the Battle of Nasiriya between July 5, 13-14, 24 1915, where 400 British and Indian soldiers were killed in the battle and up to 2,000 Turkish Soldiers. The Occupation of Nasiriya and the affair at Butanuja, January 14, 1916.


12th Indian Division, Order of battle
The division included the following units; not all of them served at the same time:


12th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 12th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade at the outbreak of the Indian Army during World War II. It was sent to Singapore in August 1939 and took part in the Malayan Campaign before going into captivity with the Fall of Singapore in February 1942.


12th Indian Infantry Brigade, History
The 12th Indian Infantry Brigade was one of the regular units based in Malaya before the Japanese invasion in December 1941. During the Battle of Malaya which ended with the surrender of a British Army at Singapore in February 1942, the 12th Brigade performed better than most units. One of its units, 2nd Bn, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, was considered to be the best jungle fighters at the time and the Argylls' commander, Lt.Col . Ian Stewart, one of the better leaders during the campaign. The brigade were among the first troops to face the Japanese when they landed on 7 December 1941 (See Japanese Invasion of Malaya).


12th Indian Infantry Brigade, History
While the rest of the British and Indian forces were thrown in disarray by the rapid encircling and flanking attacks of the Japanese, the 12th Brigade under Brigadier Archie Paris, was able to inflict casualties and slow down the Japanese forces during the fighting in Northern Malaya.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 12th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army between May 11, 1861, and June 24, 1865, during the American Civil War.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
The 12th Indiana Infantry was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana May 11, 1861, and mustered in for one year's service; it was transferred to U.S. service on July 18, 1861. The regiment was attached to Abercrombie's Brigade, Banks' Department of the Shenandoah, to October 1861. Abercrombie's Brigade, Bank's Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862. 2nd Brigade, Williams' 1st Division, Banks' V Corps, to April 1862, and Department of the Shenandoah to May 1862.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Evansville, Indiana, June 11. Left Indiana for Baltimore, Maryland, July 23; then moved to Sandy Hook, Maryland, July 28. Duty at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, Williamsport, and Sharpsburg, Maryland, until March 1862. Advance on Winchester, Virginia, March 1–12. Skirmished at Stephenson's Station, near Winchester, March 11. Operations in the Shenandoah Valley until April. Duty at Warrenton Junction, Virginia, April 3-May 5. Reconnaissance to Rappahannock River and skirmish at Rappahannock Crossing April 18. March to Washington, D.C., May 5.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 24 enlisted men, all due to disease.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment (3 years)
The 12th Regiment Indiana Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment (3 years), Service
The 12th Indiana Infantry was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana May 27 through August 27, 1862, and mustered in August 17, 1862, for three year's service under the command of Colonel William H. Link.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment (3 years), Service
The regiment was attached to Cruft's Brigade, Army of Kentucky, August 30. Attached to 2nd Brigade, District of Memphis, Tennessee, XIII Corps, to December 1862. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, District of Memphis, XIII Corps, December 1862. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XVII Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XVI Corps, to July 1863. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, XV Corps, to September 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps, to June 1865.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment (3 years), Service
The 12th Indiana Infantry mustered out of service after June 24, 1865. Veterans and recruits were transferred to the 48th Indiana Infantry and 59th Indiana Infantry.


12th Indiana Infantry Regiment (3 years), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 295 men; 8 officers and 92 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 193 enlisted men due to disease.


12th Infantry Brigade (Hungary)
The 12th Infantry Brigade was a formation of the Royal Hungarian Army that participated in the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II.


12th Infantry Division "Sassari"
The 12th Infantry Division "Sassari" (Italian: 12ª Divisione fanteria "Sassari") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II named after the city of Sassari. After World War I the Royal Italian Army disbanded all brigades raised during the war with the exception of the infantry brigades "Sassari", "Liguria", "Arezzo", and "Avellino", which had distinguished themselves during the war. The Sassari moved to Trieste as part of the 12th Infantry Division "Timavo". In 1926 the brigade gained the 12th Infantry Regiment "Casale" and changed its name to XII Infantry Brigade "Timavo".


12th Infantry Division "Sassari"
Along with the 34th Artillery Regiment the brigade was the only units of the 12th Division. In 1939 the brigade was disbanded and the 12th Infantry Regiment left the division, which changed its name to 12th Infantry Division "Sassari". The division consisted of two infantry regiments (151st and 152nd), the 34th Field Artillery Regiment, and minor units. To increase the division's strength the 73rd CC.NN. Legion Boiardo", a militia unit of Italy's Fascist Party, joined the division in 1941.


12th Infantry Division "Sassari", Action
10 June 1940, the Sassari division was deployed on border defence duties at Venezia Giulia valley (near Borjana)As part of the Italian V Corps the division remained in Istria on garrison duty until 6 April 1941 when Axis forces began the invasion of Yugoslavia. The first Yugoslav cities to fall were Prezid and Čabar on 12 April, followed Novi Lazi and Borovec on 14 April. On 19 April the division reached Delnice, the following day Knin. For the next two years the division command remained in Knin, while the divisions units were continuously employed in anti-Partisan operations: in Šibenik, Brod na Kupi, Gračac, Petrovac and Drvar. The heaviest fighting occurred during July 1942 when the division tried to clean the Velebit mountains of Partisan forces.


12th Infantry Division "Sassari", Action
In March 1943, after the Battle of the Neretva, the division transferred to Rome to aid in the defense of the city in case of an Allied attack. During this time the division was reorganized along the lines of the Mod.43 reform of the Italian Army and was augmented with the XII Mortar Battalion and the XII Semovente Battalion which was equipped with 24 Semovente 75/18 self-propelled guns. In total the division fielded 14,500 troops, 24 Semovente and 80 artillery pieces.


12th Infantry Division "Sassari", Action
After the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces of 8 September 1943 the division found itself fighting Italy's former allies the Germans and along with the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna and 135th Armored Division Ariete II the Sassari defended Rome for two days. On 10 September 1943 the remnants of the Sassari joined the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna and the 8th Cavalry Regiment Lancieri di Montebello and hundreds of civilian volunteers at Porta San Paolo for a last stand.