10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, September 28–29 celebratory meeting
On September 28 and 29, 1959 a meeting of more than 10,000 people was held in the Great Hall of the People. Chairman Mao Zedong and President Liu Shaoqi were present at the dias. President Liu Shaoqi held a keynote speech at the meeting. Prominent international guests at the event included Ho Chi Minh, Mikhail Suslov, Emil Bodnăraș, Hermann Matern, Mehmet Shehu, Dimitar Ganev, István Dobi, Aleksander Zawadzki, Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Kim Il-sung and Antonín Novotný.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, September 30 banquet
On the evening of September 30, 1959, a jubilee banquet was hosted in the Great Hall of the People. Around 5,000 people attended the banquet, including guests from around 80 countries. Mao Zedong and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev entered the hall together, meeting applause. Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Soviet Premier Khrushchev presented their greetings at the banquet. The Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko also participated in the banquet.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, September 30 banquet
Khrushchev had arrived directly from a visit to the United States on the same day. He held a short speech upon his arrival at the airport.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, October 1 Tiananmen Square parade
According to Chinese media, the Tiananmen Square event gathered 700,000 people. At Tiananmen Square participants formed a human version of the national emblem of the People's Republic with the numerals '1949' and '1959' on the sides. A band of one thousand musicians with brass instruments and olive-green uniforms opened the event, playing The East is Red at 09.45. At this point Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev entered the dias. Other dignitaries on the dias included Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching-ling, Lin Biao, Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Deng Xiaoping and various international guests.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, October 1 Tiananmen Square parade
The mayor of Peking, Peng Zhen, declared the ceremony open at 10.00. The national anthem was played and a delegation of 400 Young Pioneers presented a floral tribute at the People's Heroes Monument.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, October 1 Tiananmen Square parade
After a speech by Defense Minister Lin Biao, a military parade began, followed by a parade of workers, peasants, students and athletes.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, International delegations at the main events in Peking
At the September 30 banquet, a number of international delegations assisted, representing communist and workers parties and governments. Names of head of delegation in brackets.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, International delegations at the main events in Peking, Socialist Bloc
There were eleven joint state-party delegations from the Socialist Bloc, representing;


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, In Beijing, International delegations at the main events in Peking, Socialist Bloc
There were also military delegations present, from Vietnam (headed by Võ Nguyên Giáp) and North Korea (headed by Kim Kwang Hyup)


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, Daqing oil fields
On September 26, 1959, just a few days ahead of the anniversary, oil was discovered at Datongzhen. Datong Town and the oilfields were renamed 'Daqing' ('Great Celebration'), in reference to the tenth anniversary celebrations.


10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, Other regions
Major parades were also organized in Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Xian, Wuhan, Shenyang and Tianjin.


10th arrondissement of Marseille
The 10th arrondissement of Marseille is a district (arrondissement)  in the city of Marseille. The district is located east of the City. It borders the 5th and 12th arrondissement in the north, the 11th in the east, the 9th in the south, the 8th in the southwest and the 6th in the west. It is governed locally together with the 9th arrondissement, with which it forms the 5th sector of Marseille.


10th arrondissement of Marseille, Neighbourhoods
The 10th arrondissement of Marseille includes six neighbourhoods (quartiers): la Capelette, Menpenti, Pont-de-Vivaux, Saint-Loup, Saint-Tronc, and La Timone and 25 IRIS including 24 IRIS housing and Prado Park.


10th arrondissement of Marseille, Public transport
The Capelette neighbourhood is very poorly served by public transport. Only the number 18 line from Saint Loup to Castellane passes through Capelette.


10th arrondissement of Marseille, Important monuments
The Capelette district, named after the disused Capeletto chapel on the Bonnefoy boulevard, has a railroad bridge that crosses the avenue, as well as the church of St Laurent on the St Jean boulevard. It also has a beautiful garden, called the garden of Guy Azaïs.


10th arrondissement of Marseille, Demography, Beneficiaries of supplementary universal health coverage (CMU-C) by neighbourhood
Supplementary CMU (CMU-C) is a free complementary health that covers what is not covered by compulsory health insurance schemes.


10th arrondissement of Marseille, Demography, Families by neighbourhood in 2006
Single parent families and families with four children at 1 January 2006


10th arrondissement of Paris
The 10th arrondissement of Paris (Xe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dixième ("10th arrondissement of Paris" = "dixième arrondissement de Paris").


10th arrondissement of Paris
The arrondissement, called Entrepôt (warehouse), is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. The arrondissement contains two of Paris's six main railway stations: the Gare du Nord and the Gare de l'Est. Built during the 19th century, these two termini are among the busiest in Europe.


10th arrondissement of Paris
The 10th arrondissement also contains a large portion of the Canal Saint-Martin, linking the northeastern parts of Paris with the River Seine.


10th arrondissement of Paris, Geography
The land area of the arrondissement is 2.892 km2 (1.117 sq. miles, or 715 acres), and it had a 1999 population of 89,695.


10th arrondissement of Paris, Geography
The 10th arrondissement is often referred to as l'Entrepôt. Like all Parisian arrondissements, it is divided into four quartiers (districts):


10th arrondissement of Paris, Demography
The peak population of the 10th arrondissement occurred in 1881, when it had 159,809 inhabitants. Today, the arrondissement remains very dense in both population and business activity, with 89,612 inhabitants and 71,962 jobs at last census in 1999. Due to its large Turkish minority, the 10th arrondissement  is often called "La Petite Turquie" (Little Turkey).


10th arrondissement of Paris, Demography, Immigration
2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.


10th arrondissement of the Littoral Department
10th arrondissement is an arrondissement in the Littoral department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Cotonou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 41,806.


10th century
The 10th century was the period from 901 (CMI) through 1000 (M) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the last century of the 1st millennium.


10th century
In China the Song dynasty was established. The Muslim World experienced a cultural zenith, especially in al-Andalus under the Caliphate of Córdoba and in Samanid Empire under Ismail Samani. Additionally, there was cultural flourishing for the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire.


10th century
The Medievalist and historian of technology Lynn White said that "to the modern eye, it is very nearly the darkest of the Dark Ages", but concluded that ". . . if it was dark, it was the darkness of the womb." Similarly, Helen Waddell wrote that the 10th century was that which "in the textbooks disputes with the seventh the bad eminence, the nadir of the human intellect." In the 15th century, Lorenzo Valla described it as the Century of Lead and Iron and later Cardinal Baronius as the Leaden Century or Iron Century.


10th century BC
The 10th century BC comprises the years from 1000 BC to 901 BC. This period followed the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Near East, and the century saw the Early Iron Age take hold there. The Greek Dark Ages which had come about in 1200 BC continued. The Neo-Assyrian Empire is established towards the end of the 10th century BC. In the Iron Age in India, the Vedic period is ongoing. In China, the Zhou dynasty is in power. Bronze Age Europe continued with Urnfield culture. Japan was inhabited by an evolving hunter-gatherer society during the Jōmon period.


10th century BC, Sovereign states
See : List of sovereign states in the 10th century BC.


10th century in Denmark
The 10th century in Denmark saw the emergence of the country into the historical records and the conversion of the country to Christianity. The 950s are when the first records of the state of Denmark (Tan-marker) appeared.


10th century in England
Events from the 10th century in the Kingdom of England.


10th century in Serbia
Events from the 10th century in, or regarding, Historic Serbia or Serbs.


10th century in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the century 901–1000 to Wales and its people.


10th century in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 10th century.


10th century in poetry
This page is part of the List of years in poetry. The List of years in poetry and List of years in literature provide snapshots of developments in poetry and literature worldwide in a given year, decade or century, and allow easy access to a wide range of Wikipedia articles about movements, writers, works and developments in any timeframe. Please help to build these lists by adding and updating entries as you use them.


10th century in poetry
You can access pages for individual years within the century through the navigational template at the bottom of this page, and you can access pages for other centuries through the navigational template to the right. To access the poetry pages by way of a single chart, please see the Centuries in poetry page or the List of years in poetry page.


10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Starting point
Before 1758, most biological catalogues had used polynomial names for the taxa included, including earlier editions of Systema Naturae. The first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature across the animal kingdom was the 10th edition of Systema Naturae. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature therefore chose 1 January 1758 as the "starting point" for zoological nomenclature, and asserted that the 10th edition of Systema Naturae was to be treated as if published on that date. Names published before that date are unavailable, even if they would otherwise satisfy the rules. The only work which takes priority over the 10th edition is Carl Alexander Clerck's Svenska Spindlar or Aranei Suecici, which was published in 1757, but is also to be treated as if published on January 1, 1758.


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Revisions
During Linnaeus' lifetime, Systema Naturae was under continuous revision. Progress was incorporated into new and ever-expanding editions; for example, in his 1st edition (1735), whales and manatees were originally classified as species of fish (as was thought to be the case then), but in the 10th edition they were moved into the mammal class.


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals
The animal kingdom (as described by Linnaeus): "Animals enjoy sensation by means of a living organization, animated by a medullary substance; perception by nerves; and motion by the exertion of the will. They have members for the different purposes of life; organs for their different senses; and faculties (or powers) for the application of their different perceptions. They all originate from an egg. Their external and internal structure; their comparative anatomy, habits, instincts, and various relations to each other, are detailed in authors who professedly treat on their subjects."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals
The list has been broken down into the original six classes Linnaeus described for animals; Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, and Vermes. These classes were ultimately created by studying the internal anatomy, as seen in his key:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals
By current standards Pisces and Vermes are informal groupings, Insecta also contained arachnids and crustaceans, and one order of Amphibia comprised sharks, lampreys, and sturgeons.


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Mammalia
Linnaeus described mammals as: "Animals that suckle their young by means of lactiferous teats. In external and internal structure they resemble man: most of them are quadrupeds; and with man, their natural enemy, inhabit the surface of the Earth. The largest, though fewest in number, inhabit the ocean."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Mammalia
Linnaeus divided the mammals based upon the number, situation, and structure of their teeth, into the following orders and genera:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Aves
Linnaeus described birds as: "A beautiful and cheerful portion of created nature consisting of animals having a body covered with feathers and down; protracted and naked jaws (the beak), two wings formed for flight, and two feet. They are areal, vocal, swift and light, and destitute of external ears, lips, teeth, scrotum, womb, bladder, epiglottis, corpus callosum and its arch, and diaphragm."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Aves
Linnaeus divided the birds based upon the characters of the bill and feet, into the following 6 orders and 63 genera:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Amphibia
Linnaeus described his "Amphibia" (comprising reptiles and amphibians) as: "Animals that are distinguished by a body cold and generally naked; stern and expressive countenance; harsh voice; mostly lurid color; filthy odor; a few are furnished with a horrid poison; all have cartilaginous bones, slow circulation, exquisite sight and hearing, large pulmonary vessels, lobate liver, oblong thick stomach, and cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts: they are deficient in diaphragm, do not transpire (sweat), can live a long time without food, are tenacious of life, and have the power of reproducing parts which have been destroyed or lost; some undergo a metamorphosis; some cast (shed) their skin; some appear to live promiscuously on land or in the water, and some are torpid during the winter."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Amphibia
Linnaeus divided the amphibians based upon the limb structures and the way they breathed, into the following orders and genera:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Pisces
Linnaeus described fish as: "Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides they parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Pisces
Linnaeus divided the fishes based upon the position of the ventral and pectoral fins, into the following orders and genera:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Insecta
Linnaeus described his "Insecta" (comprising all arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, arachnids and others) as: "A very numerous and various class consisting of small animals, breathing through lateral spiracles, armed on all sides with a bony skin, or covered with hair; furnished with many feet, and moveable antennae (or horns), which project from the head, and are the probable instruments of sensation."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Insecta
Linnaeus divided the insects based upon the form of the wings, into the following orders and genera:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Vermes
Linnaeus described his "Vermes" as: "Animals of slow motion, soft substance, able to increase their bulk and restore parts which have been destroyed, extremely tenacious of life, and the inhabitants of moist places. Many of them are without a distinct head, and most of them without feet. They are principally distinguished by their tentacles (or feelers). By the Ancients they were not improperly called imperfect animals, as being destitute of ears, nose, head, eyes and legs; and are therefore totally distinct from Insects."


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Animals, Vermes
Linnaeus divided the "Vermes" based upon the structure of the body, into the following orders and genera:


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Plants
The second volume, published in 1759, detailed the kingdom Plantae, in which Linnaeus included true plants, as well as fungi, algae and lichens. In addition to repeating the species he had previously listed in his Species Plantarum (1753), and those published in the intervening period, Linnaeus described several hundred new plant species. The species from Species Plantarum were numbered sequentially, while the new species were labelled with letters.


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Plants
Many were sent to Linnaeus by his correspondents overseas, including Johannes Burman and David de Gorter in South Africa, Patrick Browne, Philip Miller and John Ellis in America, Jean-François Séguier, Carlo Allioni and Casimir Christoph Schmidel in the Alps, Gorter and Johann Ernst Hebenstreit in the Orient, and François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, Gerard and Barnadet Gabriel across Europe.


10th edition of Systema Naturae, Plants
New plant species described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae include:


10th government of Turkey
The 10th government of Turkey (11 November 1938 – 25 January 1939) was a short-term government in the history of Turkey. It is also called Second Bayar government.


10th government of Turkey, Background
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the president and the founder of modern Turkey, died on 10 November. İsmet İnönü was elected as the new president, and consequently the 9th government of Turkey (First Bayar government) resigned. İnönü appointed Celal Bayar of the Republican People's Party (CHP) for the second time. The Second Bayar government was similar to the First Bayar government, but Interior Minister Şükrü Kaya and Foreign Minister Tevfik Rüştü Aras of the previous government were left out of the cabinet, replaced by Refik Saydam and Şükrü Saracoğlu, respectively, both of whom would be the future prime ministers.


10th government of Turkey, The government
In the list below, the  cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".


10th government of Turkey, Aftermath
Celal Bayar surprisingly resigned on 25 January 1939 with the pretext of the upcoming general elections to be held on 26 March.


10th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The 10th Islamic Consultative Assembly is the 34th Parliament of Iran that commenced on 28 May 2016 following the legislative elections on 26 February and 29 April 2016 and ended on 26 May 2020.


10th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran
According to Anoushiravan Ehteshami, three things make this parliament noteworthy: return of the reformists to the parliamentary arena, a record of 17 seats held by female lawmakers and the fact that only 26% of the incumbent MPs were re-elected in the elections, makes it a less experienced parliament.


10th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Parliamentary groups
The reformist Hope fraction is the largest bloc by number, however it is unable to form a partnership with a great number of newcomers and independents who owe little allegiance to any particular faction. Instead, the conservative allies of Hassan Rouhani led by Ali Larijani have effectively mobilized them. It was clearly illustrated when Mohammad Reza Aref declined to stand for the speaker and Larijani was re-elected uncontested with 237 out of 276 votes.


10th meridian east
The meridian 10° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


10th meridian east
The 10th meridian east forms a great circle with the 170th meridian west.


10th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 10th meridian east passes through:


10th meridian east, Usage
In some world maps, the 10th Meridian East is used the centre (instead of Greenwich), to avoid cutting off the tip of Asia.


10th meridian west
The meridian 10° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Ireland, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


10th meridian west
The 10th meridian west forms a great circle with the 170th meridian east.


10th meridian west
The meridian defines the western limit of the New Swabia area in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica.


10th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 10th meridian west passes through:


10th millennium BC
The 10th millennium BC spanned the years 10,000 BC to 9001 BC (c. 12 ka to c. 11 ka). It marks the beginning of the transition from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic via the interim Mesolithic (Northern Europe and Western Europe) and Epipaleolithic (Levant and Near East) periods, which together form the first part of the Holocene epoch that is generally believed  to have begun c. 9700 BC (c. 11.7 ka) and is the current geological epoch. It is impossible to precisely date events that happened around the time of this millennium and all dates mentioned here are estimates mostly based on geological and anthropological analysis.


10th millennium BC, Holocene epoch
The main characteristic of the Holocene has been the worldwide abundance of Homo sapiens sapiens (humankind). The epoch began in the wake of the Würm glaciation, generally known as the Last Ice Age, which began 109 ka and ended 14 ka when Homo sapiens sapiens was in the Palaeolithic (Old Stone) Age. Following the Late Glacial Interstadial from 14 ka to 12.9 ka, during which global temperatures rose significantly, the Younger Dryas began. This was a temporary reversal of climatic warming to glacial conditions in the Northern Hemisphere and coincided with the end of the Upper Palaeolithic. The Younger Dryas ceased c. 9700 BC, marking the cutover from Pleistocene to Holocene.


10th millennium BC, Holocene epoch
In the geologic time scale, there are three (tentatively four) stratigraphic stages of the Holocene beginning c. 9700 BC with the "Greenlandian" (to c. 6236 BC). The starting point for the Greenlandian is the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) sample from the North Greenland Ice Core Project, which has been correlated with the Younger Dryas. The Greenlandian was succeeded by the "Northgrippian" (to c. 2250 BC) and the "Meghalayan". All three stages were officially ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in July 2018. It has been proposed that the Meghalayan should be terminated c. 1950 and succeeded by a new stage provisionally called "Anthropocene".


10th millennium BC, Holocene epoch
In the Holocene's first millennium, the Palaeolithic began to be superseded by the Neolithic (New Stone) Age which lasted about 6,000 years, depending on location. The gradual transition period is sometimes termed Mesolithic (northern and western Europe) or Epipalaeolithic (Levant and Near East). The glaciers retreated as the world climate became warmer and that inspired an agricultural revolution, though at first, the dog was probably the only domesticated animal. This was accompanied by a social revolution in that humans gained from agriculture the impetus to settle. The settlement is the key precursor to civilisation, which cannot be achieved by a nomadic lifestyle.


10th millennium BC, Holocene epoch
The world population, c. 10,000 BC, is believed to have been more or less stable. It has been estimated that there were some five million people at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, growing to forty million by 5000 BC and 100 million by 1600 BC which is an average growth rate of 0.027% p.a. from the Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. Around 10,000 BC, most people lived in hunter-gatherer communities scattered across all continents except Antarctica and Zealandia. As the Würm/Wisconsin ended, settlement of northern regions was again possible.


10th millennium BC, Beginnings of agriculture
Agriculture developed in different parts of the world at different times. In many places, people learned how to cultivate without outside help; elsewhere, as in western Europe, the skills were imported.


10th millennium BC, Beginnings of agriculture
The Natufian culture prevailed in the Levant through the 10th millennium and was unusual in that it supported a sedentary or semi-sedentary population even before the introduction of agriculture. An early example is 'Ain Mallaha, which may have been the first village in which people were wholly sedentary. The Natufian people are believed to have founded another early settlement on the site of Jericho (Tell es-Sultan) where there is evidence of building between 9600 BC and 8200 BC. Dates for the Natufian are indeterminate and range broadly from c. 13,050 BC to c. 7550 BC. It is possible that the early cultivation of figs began in the Jordan River valley sometime after the middle of the 10th millennium. Besides the fig trees, the people may have begun cultivation of wild plants such as barley and pistachio; and they possibly began herding goats, pigs and cattle.


10th millennium BC, Beginnings of agriculture
Agriculture began to be developed by the various communities of the Fertile Crescent, which included the Levant, but it would not be widely practised for another 2,000 years by which time Neolithic culture was becoming well established in many parts of the Near East. Among the earliest cultivated plants were forms of millet and rice grown in the Middle East, possibly in this millennium but more likely after 9000 BC. By about 9500 BC, people in south-eastern Anatolia were harvesting wild grasses and grains. The earliest evidence of sheep herding has been found in northern Iraq, dated before 9000 BC.


10th millennium BC, Pottery
Prehistoric chronology is almost entirely reliant upon the dating of material objects of which pottery is by far the most widespread and the most resistant to decay. All locations and generations developed their own shapes, sizes and styles of pottery, including methods and styles of decoration, but there was consistency among stratified deposits and even shards can be classified by time and place. Pottery is believed to have been discovered independently in various places, beginning with China c. 18,000 BC, and was probably created accidentally by fires lit on clay soil. The main discovery of pottery dated to the 10th millennium has been at Bosumpra Cave (early tenth-millennium cal. BC) on the Kwahu Plateau in southeastern Ghana and Ounjougou (c.9400 BC) in Central Mali, providing evidence of an independent invention of pottery in Sub-Saharan Africa in different climatic zones.


10th millennium BC, Pottery
The first chronological pottery system was the Early, Middle and Late Minoan framework devised in the early 20th century by Sir Arthur Evans for his findings at Knossos. This covered the Bronze Age in twelve phases from c. 2800 BC to c. 1050 BC and the principle was later extended to mainland Greece (Helladic) and the Aegean islands (Cycladic). Dame Kathleen Kenyon was the principal archaeologist at Tell es-Sultan (ancient Jericho) and she discovered that there was no pottery there. The potter's wheel had not yet been invented and, where pottery as such was made, it was still hand-built, often by means of coiling, and pit fired.


10th millennium BC, Pottery
Kenyon discovered vessels such as bowls, cups, and plates at Jericho which were made from stone. She reasonably surmised that others made from wood or vegetable fibres would have long since decayed. Using Evans' system as a benchmark, Kenyon divided the Near East Neolithic into phases called Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA), from c. 10,000 BC to c. 8800 BC; Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB), from c. 8800 BC to c. 6500 BC; and then Pottery Neolithic (PN), which had varied start-points from c. 6500 BC until the beginnings of the Bronze Age towards the end of the 4th millennium. In the 10th millennium, the Natufian culture co-existed with the PPNA which prevailed in the Levantine and upper Mesopotamian areas of the Fertile Crescent.


10th millennium BC, Other cultural developments, Africa
In North Africa, Saharan rock art engravings in what is known as the Bubalus (Large Wild Fauna) period have been dated to between 10,000 BC and 7000 BC. Wall paintings found in Ethiopia and Eritrea depict human activity; some of the older paintings are thought to date back to around 10,000 BC. The Abu Madi tel mounds in the Sinai Peninsula have been dated c. 9660 to c. 9180 BC.


10th millennium BC, Other cultural developments, Americas
The Clovis culture was widely distributed throughout North America. The people were hunter-gatherers and the culture's duration is believed to have been from c.9050 BC to c.8800 BC. There is evidence of increasing use of Clovis point tool technology for hunting.


10th millennium BC, Other cultural developments, Americas
Elsewhere in North America, the Petroglyphs at Winnemucca Lake, in what is today northwest Nevada, were carved by this time, possibly as early as 12.8 ka or as late as 10 ka.


10th millennium BC, Other cultural developments, Eurasia
The sites at Göbekli Tepe and Hallan Çemi Tepesi, both in south-eastern Anatolia, and at Tell Qaramel in north-west Syria, may have been occupied during this millennium. In Great Britain, which was not then an island, the Star Carr site in North Yorkshire is believed to have been inhabited by Maglemosian peoples for about 800 years from c. 9335 BC to c. 8525 BC.


10th millennium BC, Environmental changes
For the Holocene, dates are relative to the year 2000 (e.g. Greenlandian began 11,700 years before 2000). For the beginning of the Northgrippian a date of 8,236 years before 2000 has been set. The Meghalayan has been set to begin 4,250 years before 2000.


10th millennium BC, Environmental changes
'Tarantian' is an informal, unofficial name proposed for a stage/age to replace the equally informal, unofficial 'Upper Pleistocene' subseries/subepoch.


10th millennium BC, Environmental changes
In Europe and North America, the Holocene is subdivided into Preboreal, Boreal, Atlantic, Subboreal, and Subatlantic stages of the Blytt–Sernander time scale. There are many regional subdivisions for the Upper or Late Pleistocene; usually these represent locally recognized cold (glacial) and warm (interglacial) periods. The last glacial period ends with the cold Younger Dryas substage.


10th millennium BC, Environmental changes
In the southern hemisphere, rising sea levels had gradually formed Bass Strait, separating Tasmania from mainland Australia. This process is believed to have been complete by about the beginning of the 10th millennium. Bass Strait had been a plain populated by indigenous people who are thought to have first arrived around 40,000 years ago.


10th millennium BC, Environmental changes
The Wisconsin glaciation had sheeted much of North America and, as it retreated, its meltwaters created an immense proglacial lake now known as Lake Agassiz. Sometime after 10,000 BC, the retreating glaciers created the rock formation on Cannon Mountain in present-day New Hampshire that was known as the Old Man of the Mountain until its collapse in 2003.


10th millennium BC, Chronological method
The ongoing Quaternary System/Period represents the last 2.58 million years since the end of the Neogene and is officially divided into the Pleistocene and Holocene Series/Epochs. The Holocene has been assigned an age of 11,700 calendar years before 2000 CE which means it began c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium. It is preceded in the geological time scale by the Late Pleistocene sub-epoch, also known as the Tarantian Stage/Age, which awaits formal ratification by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and tentatively spans the time from c. 126,000 BC to c. 9700 BC.


10th millennium BC, Chronological method
Preceding the Late Pleistocene is the Middle Pleistocene sub-epoch, or Chibanian Stage/Age, which also awaits ratification and tentatively spans the time from c. 773,000 BC to c. 126,000 BC. The Early Pleistocene from c. 2,580,000 BC until c. 773,000 is sub-divided into two Stages/Ages which have been officially defined: the Gelasian (until c. 1,800,000 BC) and the Calabrian.


10th millennium BC, Chronological method
The Holocene calendar, devised by Cesare Emiliani in 1993, places its epoch at 10,000 BC (with the year 2021 being rendered as 12021 HE). Its intention was to simplify the calculation of time spans across the BCE-CE divide by including a year zero, and to provide a more universally relevant date as its epoch: the start of the human era, instead of the birth of Jesus Christ. All CE years can be converted by adding 10000 to them; however, as the Gregorian calendar does not include a year zero, all BCE years are out of sync by one year.


10th municipality of Naples
The Tenth Municipality (In Italian: Decima Municipalità or Municipalità 10) is one of the ten boroughs in which the Italian city of Naples is divided.


10th municipality of Naples, Geography
The municipality, part of the area of Campi Flegrei, is located in the western suburb of the city and borders with Pozzuoli.


10th municipality of Naples, Geography
Its territory includes the zones of Agnano, Nisida, Coroglio and Astroni.


10th of Ramadan (city)
10th of Ramadan (Arabic: العاشر من رمضان Al-ʿĀshir min Ramaḍān) is a city located in the Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. It is a first-generation new urban community, and one of the most industrialized. It enjoys close proximity to the city of Cairo, and is considered part of Greater Cairo. It was founded by Presidential Decree No. 249 in 1977 in a bid to attract foreign and local capital with the intent of providing job opportunities for the country's youth, as well as move people away from the Nile Valley to ease the stress on existing infrastructure and reduce congestion. The city was named for the commencement of the Yom Kippur War otherwise called the October War. It started on 10 Ramadan, 1393 AH according to the Islamic Calendar. It shares its namesake with the Sixth of October City nearby.


10th of Ramadan (city), Location
Al Ashir min Ramadan is located on the Cairo-Ismailia desert highway, 46 km (29 mi) from Cairo and 20 km (12 mi) from the city Belbeis.


10th of Ramadan (city), Economy, Agriculture
47 million Egyptian pounds have been invested in afforestation in the city.


10th of Ramadan (city), Economy, Industry
Some of the industries present in the city include electronics, food processing, ready-made garments, plastic, paper, textiles, building materials, steel, pharmaceuticals and furniture. There are many industrial zones in the city.


10th of Ramadan (city), Infrastructure
The city's infrastructure includes water supply, sewers, an electrical grid and telecommunications.


10th of Ramadan (city), Infrastructure, Water supply
The city has been connected with two water purification plants with capacity of 621,000 m^3/day and station wells with capacity of 20,000 m^3/day.


10th of Ramadan (city), Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh) as the rest of Egypt.


10th parallel north
The 10th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 10 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Central America, South America and the Atlantic Ocean.


10th parallel north
At this latitude the sun is visible for 12 hours, 43 minutes during the summer solstice and 11 hours, 33 minutes during the winter solstice.


10th parallel north
On 21 June, the maximum altitude of the sun is 103.44 degrees and 56.56 degrees on 21 December.


10th parallel north
A section of the border between Guinea and Sierra Leone is defined by the parallel.


10th parallel north
The Ten Degree Channel in the Indian Ocean is named after the parallel.


10th parallel north, Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 10° north passes through:


10th parallel north, Popular culture
In the end of part two of the Spanish television heist crime drama series La casa de papel, a point near Palawan island, Philippines, with the coordinates of 10th parallel north and 118,5º, was the meeting point of El Professor and Raquel one year after the heist.


10th parallel south
The 10th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 10 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.


10th parallel south
Part of the border between Brazil and Peru is defined by the parallel.


10th parallel south, Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 10° south passes through:


10th razezd
10th razezd (Russian: 10-й разъезд) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement of Mariinsky District, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2010.


10th razezd, Geography
10th razezd is located 20 km north of Mariinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road.


10vor10
10vor10 ("10 to 10") is a current affairs programme broadcast at 21.50 every Monday to Friday evening on the German-language Swiss public television channel SRF 1.


10vor10, Profile
According to Christian Dütschler, editorial director of 10vor10, "it is our goal to make competent and exciting posts and to provide discussion material for the public debate as a news magazine". Well-researched background stories, surprising approaches, and strong reports are the main content to provide those goals, as well focal points and series that shed light on a topic from different angles. Short posts are produced daily, focus on international and national stories. 10vor10 is broadcast widely in the Swiss Standard German language, excluded some interviews in Swiss German, and adjoints Schweiz aktuell, focussed on local themes.


10vor10, Broadcast
10vor10 started on 20 August 1990 and is broadcast from 21.50 to 22.15 from Monday to Friday, except on public holidays. All contributions are available shortly after the broadcast as a video stream. After the premiere on SRF 1, the program is repeated several times on SRF info, and on the Austrian–German–Swiss co-production television channel 3sat after midnight, where the interviews in Swiss German are subtitled in the high German language.


10vor10, Broadcast
While the SRF daily news broadcast in concise form, 10vor10 focuses on detailed background reports, features and interviews. Stylistically, 10vor10 first reacted on Swiss television the concept of infotainment and operates a moderate form of investigative journalism. The journalistic use of the Swiss German language, in contrast to the evening news, mainly in direct conversation with interviewees, is a further 'trademark', but all moderations are done in German.


10vor10, Team
As of September 2015, 10vor10 is moderated alternately by Daniela Lager, Andrea Vetsch, Arthur Honegger (replaced Klapproth on 28 September 2015) and Cornelia Bösch (reserve), who usually alternate in moderation in a weekly rhythm. Stefan Klapproth joined the moderation team in 1994 and left the daily crew on 4 September 2015, but still moderates 10vor10 specials, and the cultural program Sternstunde Philosophie since January 2015.


10vor10, Team
Former moderators are Jana Caniga, Walter Eggenberger, Jürg Wildberger, Alenka Ambroz, Eva Wannemacher, Susanne Wille and Christine Maier.


10x Genomics
10x Genomics, Inc. is an American biotechnology company that designs and manufactures gene sequencing technology used in scientific research. It was founded in 2012 by Serge Saxonov, Ben Hindson, and Kevin Ness.


10x Genomics, History
10x Genomics was founded in 2012 by Serge Saxonov, Ben Hindson and Kevin Ness to create advanced testing equipment for use in cellular biology. Prior to starting the company, Saxonov was the founding architect, and director of research and development at 23andMe. Ness left 10x Genomics in December 2016 and in 2018, Justin McAnear, Tesla's former finance chief joined the company as CFO.


10x Genomics, History
In August 2018 the company announced its first acquisition, Epinomics, a biotechnology company focused on the development of new techniques for epigenetics research. Four months later, 10x Genomics acquired Spatial Transcriptomics, a biotechnology company working in the field of spatial genomics. In November 2018, 10x Genomics announced expansion plans including opening a manufacturing facility in Pleasanton, California in early 2019.


10x Genomics, History
10x Genomics announced its initial public offering on September 12, 2019, raising $390M. The company had revenues of $3.32 million in 2015, $27.48 million in 2016, $71.18 million in 2017 and $145 million in 2018.


10x Genomics, Arbitration and lawsuit
Saxonov, Hindson, and Ness worked together at Quantalife prior to its acquisition by Bio-Rad in 2011 and left in 2012 to launch 10x Genomics. In 2014 an arbitration dispute was brought against the three cofounders by Bio-Rad, claiming they had breached obligations they allegedly owed to Bio-Rad after it acquired Quantalife. In 2015 an arbitrator determined that the founders of 10x Genomics had not breached their obligation to Bio-Rad when they left the company and denied its claims.


10x Genomics, Arbitration and lawsuit
In November 2018, a Delaware jury found that 10x Genomics infringed on several University of Chicago patents which were exclusively licensed to Bio-Rad. 10x Genomics were ordered to pay $24 million in damages to Bio-Rad and a 15% royalty on sales. 10x Genomics appealed the verdict but the decision was upheld in August 2020.


10x Management
10x Management LLC is a talent management company based in New York City, with an additional office in San Francisco. Michael Solomon and Rishon Blumberg, the company's founders, were formerly managers of musicians. The company represents programmers in their negotiations with companies and takes a percentage of the fees its programmers earn.


10x Management, History
10x Management was founded in 2001 when Altay Guvench, a musician and programmer, was approached by Michael Solomon and Rishon Blumberg to help negotiate a deal as a programmer. The founders are former entertainment industry managers. That was the moment when they realized that the next rock stars were likely to be tech stars, which made them starting a new company.


10x Management, History
In September 2020 Solomon and Blumberg published the book "Game Changer. How to Be 10x in the Talent Economy." The book is about how to attract, retain and manage top talents especially in the tech field.


10x10 (album)
10x10 is a posthumous solo album by Ronnie Montrose. Ronnie had been touring with bassist Ricky Phillips (Styx, The Babys) and Eric Singer (Kiss) in the early 2000s. Over three days in 2003 at Doug Messenger's studio in North Hollywood, the sessions produced 10 strong tracks of rhythm guitar, bass and drums with the intention to get a singer to for the vocals. Eventually Ronnie decided on the 10x10 concept, 10 tracks and 10 different singers. Early on, he was able to secure contributions from close friends and collaborators like Sammy Hagar, Edgar Winter and Davey Pattison.


10x10 (album)
In the intervening years Ronnie battled prostate cancer and, at one point, hadn't touched a guitar for 2 years. Conflicts in scheduling led to the record remaining unfinished for years up until Montrose's passing in 2012. Along with completion of the vocals, the songs also needed lead guitar as well. Rickey Phillips, with the blessing of Ronnie's wife Leighsa and assistance of Eric Singer, picked up the reigns and completed the album. "After he passed, I had to carry on with what Ronnie wanted, because he was such a purist.


10x10 (album)
The songs were cut to 2-inch tape and then transferred to digital, but I really needed it to be a cohesive record. I've done enough records to know how easily the levels of 10 different singers can sound disjointed if you don't stay on top of the production." As per Singer, "I have to give a lot of credit to Ricky Phillips. Ricky really wanted to see this thing through. It was more for Ronnie than just for himself, or for ourselves. We really believed what we had originally captured had a certain vibe and a certain magic to the people in that room when it was created. We felt like, 'Hey, this thing needs to get done. We need to see this thing through, for every good reason.'"


10x10 (film)
10x10 is a 2018 British-American thriller film directed by Suzi Ewing and starring Luke Evans and Kelly Reilly. It was written and produced by Noel Clarke, through his production company Unstoppable Entertainment.


10x10 (film), Plot
The movie starts with Lewis (Luke Evans) watching Cathy (Kelly Reilly) take a seat in a restaurant to eat lunch. He gets up and casually walks by her to wait outside at the car park for her. She exits soon after and goes to her yoga lessons. He parks his car next to her car and kidnaps her when she comes out. He drives to a remote house and locks her in a small (10 by 10) room, which appears to be a cellar. He emphasizes to her that the house is isolated and the cellar is soundproof; there is no way to escape. He tells her that if he wanted to kill her, he already could have.


10x10 (film), Plot
Cathy gets her bound hands in front of her and attacks him when he comes to get her for lunch. She tries to call the police on the land line but he shoots the phone and so she desperately tries to get free. Unsuccessful, she sits down to eat with him. He asks her name, but attacks her when she answers; they fight and he overpowers her, returning her to the cellar. As he exits the cellar his maid, Alondra, enters the house to be astonished at a disheveled and bleeding Lewis; he had forgotten to tell her to take a day off, but sends her away now.


10x10 (film), Plot
Cathy lies in the cellar, bleeding and in pain. He returns and questions her. She tells him she already answered him, but he keeps asking for details of her past life, insisting that she is lying. He continues to press her, and she changes her story. She said she studied English and owns a flower shop, but now admits having studied medicine.


10x10 (film), Plot
Flashback to a public trial where several people have died. It transpires that "Cathy" is actually Nathalie, twin sister to Cathy, who killed herself after their father cheated on their mother with a cheerleader for the football team he worked for.


10x10 (film), Plot
Lewis watches a movie where he cradles a baby. In the meantime Cathy tries to call the police on a mobile phone she had hidden. He rushes in to ask her about the Charleston deaths, one of whom was his wife, Alana Matthews Lewis. He accuses her of murder since his wife's blood was full of the rape drug GHB. She apologizes for Alana's death, and he simply states that he knows that she killed his wife.


10x10 (film), Plot
He continues to watch films of his little happy family, with his wife Alana and his daughter Summer.


10x10 (film), Plot
He returns to the cellar to threaten her with his gun. She talks about her childhood; how, after their father had left, they were treated like outcasts and that her sister committed suicide as a result.


10x10 (film), Plot
Nathalie tells him that she killed these people out of vengeance for what her father had done, but he refuses to believe his wife had cheated on him. He looks for evidence for his wife's cheating on videos and sees one part in particular where her phone rings, she looks at it impassively and ends the call.


10x10 (film), Plot
Emotionally overwhelmed, Lewis drives away. He has a brief encounter with police while stopped at a lake, but he is able to quell any suspicions. In the meantime Nathalie tries to remove a broken shard of floor tile to cut open her restraints.


10x10 (film), Plot
He returns to his house, tells her she had no right to kill his wife before he could talk to her, and demands she go to the police and confess. She says she is now Cathy and won't let him ruin her now-happy life, then attacks him with the floor shard.


10x10 (film), Plot
He bleeds heavily and tries to lock her into the cellar again but she flees upstairs. Alondra, the maid, comes home with Lewis' daughter. Nathalie shoots Alondra and takes Summer as hostage. She tells him this can only end with his and his Summer's death, and says Summer is not his biological daughter, since his wife cheated on him.


10x10 (film), Plot
Summer bites Nathalie and escapes to the cellar, where Lewis finds her.


10x10 (film), Plot
Summer says Cathy is gone, and they prepare to leave the house. He takes the recordings from the computer of Cathy's confessions, and runs to the garage where she corners him. She tries to stab him with a pitchfork, but he drives it upwards to take her off balance and knocks her unconscious. Soon after the police arrive and the nightmare is over.


10x10 (film), Plot
Lewis hugs Summer and tells her that she is his baby girl, his daughter.


10x10 (film), Production
The film was shot at West London Film Studios, London, and in Atlanta, Georgia.


10x10 (film), Reception
The film has generally received positive reviews from critics with 67% on Rotten Tomatoes. Noel Murray of the Los Angeles Times praised the performances and twists, but questioned some storytelling choices.


10x10 Photobooks
10x10 Photobooks is a non-profit organization founded to "foster engagement with the global photobook community through an appreciation, dissemination and understanding of photobooks." Founded in 2012, 10x10 is a presenter of public photobook events, including reading rooms, salons, and online communities, as well as a publisher of art catalogs representing the photobook medium.


10x10 Photobooks, History
10 x 10 Photobooks was co-founded by Matthew Carson, Russet Lederman and Olga Yatskevich in 2012, with Michael Lang joining in 2014 as Director of Salons.


10x10 Photobooks, History
Lederman is a writer, editor and photobook collector in New York City and teaches art writing at the School of Visual Arts in New York. She writes on photobooks for print and online journals, including FOAM, The Eyes, IMA, Aperture and the International Center of Photography's library blog. She also co-edits The Gould Collection, lectures internationally on photobooks, and has received awards and grants from Prix Ars Electronica and the Smithsonian American Art museum. Yatskevich is a photobook collector based in New York and contributing writer for Collector Daily, a platform that offers photography criticism from a collector's perspective. Lang is a photography and photobook collector also based in New York City.


10x10 Photobooks, History
What They Saw: Historical Photobooks by Women, 1843–1999 (2021) has been shortlisted in the Photography Catalogue of the Year category in the 2021 Paris Photo-Aperture Foundation PhotoBook Award.


10x10 Photobooks, Reading rooms
One of 10x10's major activities is the sponsorship of public reading rooms in which attendees are invited to sit and browse through a curated selection of works.


10x10 Photobooks, Reading rooms, How We See: Photobooks by Women (2018)
How We See: Photobooks by Women was a hands-on touring reading room, publication and series of public events featuring a global range of one hundred 21st-century photobooks by women photographers. "In this new photobook anthology and touring exhibition, women take center stage in a tradition that has historically ignored their importance."


10x10 Photobooks, Reading rooms, How We See: Photobooks by Women (2018)
The touring reading room was developed after 10x10 collaborators investigated the history of women's contributions to photobooks and their own publishing practices. For example, historical records establish Anna Atkins's Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions (1843–1853) as the first photobook. However, when analyzing recent publishing and award patterns, "Lederman and her colleagues, co-founder Olga Yatskevich and director Michael Lang, found that between 2013 and 2017, 40% of the shortlisted photobooks for first book and dummy awards were by women.


10x10 Photobooks, Reading rooms, How We See: Photobooks by Women (2018)
But when they looked at the shortlists for best book, author, or annual photobook of the year prizes, they found that it dropped to 23%. What’s more, during the same period of time, photobooks by women made up only 10.5% of the entries in the six major “book-on-books” anthologies, and in the online inventory of major photobook sellers, only 16% of the available titles were by women."


10x10 Photobooks, Reading rooms, How We See: Photobooks by Women (2018)
The accompanying catalog was published in mid-November 2018 with a second printing in February 2019. The publication includes the one hundred photobooks in the reading room, and is supplemented with an additional 100 historical books by women photographers, an annotated history and essays by photographer Ishiuchi Miyako; Magnum Foundation Executive Director, Kristen Lubben and Valentina Abenavoli of Akina Books. How We See : Photobooks by Women received the 2018 AIGA 50 books | 50 Covers Award. and was shortlisted for the Arles Rencontres del la Photographie  2019 Historical Books award.


10¢ Billionaire
10¢ Billionaire is the sixth album released by the hard rock band BulletBoys. It was released in the summer of 2009 on Chavis Records. The album was produced by Brent Woods and written by Marq Torien. It received limited amount of promotion as the record company ceased trading.


10¢ Billionaire, Reception
Writing for AllMusic, Greg Prato wrote that the album "is arguably BulletBoys heaviest release yet", and gave the album 2 and 1/2 out of 5 stars.


10¢ a Dance
10¢ a Dance is the debut studio album by the Flirts, a New York-based female vocal trio formed by record producer and songwriter Bobby Orlando. The album was released in 1982. In the Netherlands, it was retitled Passion.


10¢ a Dance, Critical reception
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, critic Alex Henderson wrote of the album, "from power pop to dance-pop, 10 Cents a Dance is about as fun-loving as it gets."


10¢ a Dance, Track listing
All tracks are written by Bobby Orlando except where noted.


10½
10+1⁄2 is a 2010 Canadian drama film directed by Daniel Grou and written by Claude Lalonde. It premiered at the Festival du Nouveau Cinéma in Montreal. The story involves a ten-year-old boy called Tommy in the youth-protection system in Quebec.


10½, Synopsis
10+1⁄2 follows several child psychiatrists, including Claude Legault's Gilles, as they attempt to break through the brittle exterior of a seriously ill-tempered young boy (Robert Naylor). The movie captures the unpleasant reality of life within a halfway house for juvenile delinquents.


10½, Reception
In a review for The Montreal Gazette, Brendan Kelly called the film "gripping" and praised the performances of Claude Legault ("so good as Gilles") and Robert Naylor ("a revelation"). He noted, however, that due to the nature of the story, the film was "not much fun to watch".


10½, Reception, Accolades
The film won the 2010 Main Award of Mannheim-Heidelberg at the 59th International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg. At the 2010 International Film Festival Bratislava, the film won the FIPRESCI Jury Award and the Student Jury Award. For his role as Tommy, Robert Naylor won the award for Best Actor. Claude Legault won Prix Jutra for Best Actor.


10½ (album)
10½ is a studio album by the Dramatics released in 1980 on MCA Records. The album reached No. 14 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart.


10½ (album), Overview
10½ was produced by Larry "L.J." Reynolds and Ron Banks.


10½ (album), Singles
Welcome Back Home reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart.


10½ (album), Critical reception
Ron Wynn of Allmusic gave a four out of five stars review saying "A celebratory album that marked their being together for over a decade, this was one of the group's best MCA/ABC albums".


10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one
10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), also known as estradiol paraquinol, is an orally active, centrally selective estrogen and a biosynthetic prodrug of estradiol.


10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one
Upon systemic administration, regardless of route of administration, DHED has been found to rapidly and selectively convert into estradiol in the brain, whereas no such conversion occurs in the rest of the body. Moreover, DHED itself possesses no estrogenic activity, requiring transformation into estradiol for its estrogenicity. As such, the drug shows selective estrogenic effects in the brain (e.g., alleviation of hot flashes, neuroprotection) that are said to be identical to those of estradiol, whereas estrogenic effects elsewhere in the body are not observed.


10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one
DHED has been proposed as a possible novel estrogenic treatment for neurological and psychiatric conditions associated with hypoestrogenism (e.g., menopausal hot flashes, depression, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke) that uniquely lacks potentially detrimental estrogenic side effects in the periphery.


10–20 system (EEG)
The 10–20 system or International 10–20 system is an internationally recognized method to describe and apply the location of scalp electrodes in the context of an EEG exam, polysomnograph sleep study, or voluntary lab research. This method was developed to maintain standardized testing methods ensuring that a subject's study outcomes (clinical or research) could be compiled, reproduced, and effectively analyzed and compared using the scientific method. The system is based on the relationship between the location of an electrode and the underlying area of the brain, specifically the cerebral cortex.


10–20 system (EEG)
During sleep and wake cycles, the brain produces different, objectively recognized and distinguishable electrical patterns, which can be detected by electrodes on the skin. (These patterns might vary, and can be affected by multiple extrinsic factors, i.e. age, prescription drugs, somatic diagnoses, hx of neurologic insults/injury/trauma, and substance abuse)


10–20 system (EEG)
The "10" and "20" refer to the fact that the actual distances between adjacent electrodes are either 10% or 20% of the total front–back or right–left distance of the skull. For example, a measurement is taken across the top of the head, from the nasion to inion. Most other common measurements ('landmarking methods') start at one ear and end at the other, normally over the top of the head. Specific anatomical locations of the ear used include the tragus, the auricle and the mastoid.


10–20 system (EEG), Electrode labeling
Each electrode placement site has a letter to identify the lobe, or area of the brain it is reading from: pre-frontal (Fp), frontal (F), temporal (T), parietal (P), occipital (O), and central (C). Note that there is no "central lobe"; due to their placement, and depending on the individual, the "C" electrodes can exhibit/represent EEG activity more typical of frontal, temporal, and some parietal-occipital activity, and are always utilized in polysomnography sleep studies for the purpose of determining stages of sleep.


10–20 system (EEG), Electrode labeling
There are also (Z) sites: A "Z" (zero) refers to an electrode placed on the midline sagittal plane of the skull, (FpZ, Fz, Cz, Oz) and is present mostly for reference/measurement points. These electrodes will not necessarily reflect or amplify lateral hemispheric cortical activity as they are placed over the corpus callosum, and do not represent either hemisphere adequately. "Z" electrodes are often utilized as 'grounds' or 'references,' especially in polysomnography sleep studies, and diagnostic/clinical EEG montages meant to represent/diagnose epileptiform seizure activity, or possible clinical brain death. Note that the required number of EEG electrodes, and their careful, measured placement, increases with each clinical requirement and modality.


10–20 system (EEG), Electrode labeling
Even-numbered electrodes (2,4,6,8) refer to electrode placement on the right side of the head, whereas odd numbers (1,3,5,7) refer to those on the left; this applies to both EEG and EOG (electrooculogram measurements of eyes) electrodes, as well as ECG (electrocardiography measurements of the heart) electrode placement. Chin, or EMG (electromyogram) electrodes are more commonly just referred to with "right," "left," and "reference," or "common," as there are usually only three placed, and they can be differentially referenced from the EEG and EOG reference sites.


10–20 system (EEG), Electrode labeling
The "A" (sometimes referred to as "M" for mastoid process) refers to the prominent bone process usually found just behind the outer ear (less prominent in children and some adults). In basic polysomnography, F3, F4, Fz, Cz, C3, C4, O1, O2, A1, A2 (M1, M2), are used. Cz and Fz are 'ground' or 'common' reference points for all EEG and EOG electrodes, and A1-A2 are used for contralateral referencing of all EEG electrodes. This EEG montage may be extended to utilize T3-T4, P3-P4, as well as others, if an extended or "seizure montage" is called for.


10–20 system (EEG), Measurement
Specific anatomical landmarks are used for the essential measuring and positioning of the EEG electrodes. These are found with a tape measure, and often marked with a grease pencil, or "China marker."


10–20 system (EEG), Measurement
When placing the A (or M) electrodes, palpation is often necessary to determine the most pronounced point of the mastoid process behind either ear; failure to do so, and to place the reference electrodes too low (posterior to the ear pinna, proximal to the throat) may result in "EKG artifact" in the EEGs and EOGs, due to artifact from the carotid arteries. EKG artifact can be reduced with post-filtering of signals, or by "jumping" (co-referencing) of A/M reference electrodes, if replacement of reference electrodes is not possible, ameliorative, or if other clinical considerations prevent otherwise good placement (such as congenital malformation, or post-surgical considerations such as Cochlear Implants).


10–20 system (EEG), Higher-resolution systems
When recording a more detailed EEG with more electrodes, extra electrodes are added using the 10% division, which fills in intermediate sites halfway between those of the existing 10–20 system. This new electrode-naming-system is more complicated giving rise to the Modified Combinatorial Nomenclature (MCN). This MCN system uses 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 for the left hemisphere which represents 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of the inion-to-nasion distance respectively. The introduction of extra letter codes allows the naming of intermediate electrode sites. Note that these new letter codes do not necessarily refer to an area on the underlying cerebral cortex.


10–20 system (EEG), Higher-resolution systems
The new letter codes of the MCN for intermediate electrode places are:


10–20 system (EEG), Higher-resolution systems
Also, the MCN system renames four electrodes of the 10–20 system:


10–20 system (EEG), Higher-resolution systems
A higher-resolution nomenclature has been suggested and called the "5% system" or the "10–5 system".


10–28 Nicholas Street, Chester
10–28 Nicholas Street is a terrace of houses on the west side of the street in Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.


10–28 Nicholas Street, Chester, History
The terrace was built in 1780. It was designed by Joseph Turner, and originally consisted of ten town houses. The terrace became known as "Pillbox Promenade", or "Pillbox Row", because many of the houses were used as doctors' surgeries. It is the "longest and most uniform of any of the Georgian properties in Chester".


10–28 Nicholas Street, Chester, Architecture
The houses are constructed in brown brick in Flemish bond, with stone dressings and grey slate roofs. They are in three storeys plus a basement, and contain sash windows.


11 (Bryan Adams album)
11 is the eleventh studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. The album was released by Polydor Records on March 17, 2008. 11 was the first release of new Adams material since Colour Me Kubrick in 2005 and the first studio album in four years since Room Service. Adams, Jim Vallance, Eliot Kennedy, Gretchen Peters, Trevor Rabin and Robert John "Mutt" Lange received producing and writing credits. Similar to Adams' previous material, the themes in 11 are mainly based on love, romance, and relationships. 11 received generally mixed reviews from contemporary music critics.


11 (Bryan Adams album)
Three songs were released from the album in various forms: "I Thought I'd Seen Everything", "Tonight We Have the Stars" and "She's Got a Way", of which all were released internationally. "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was the only one to have any lasting effects on the music chart, reaching mostly the Top 50, Top 100 and Top 200 in Europe and Canada. Adams was nominated for a Juno Award in the category "Best Artist" in 2009 for this record.


11 (Bryan Adams album)
The album peaked within the top ten in eleven territories worldwide, including Canada (with sales just below 10,000 units in its first week), the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark and Switzerland. 11 charted within the top twenty in three other territories.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Conception
In an interview on Canada AM, Adams said the title 11 was picked because it was his 11th studio album, when soundtrack album Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron is included. In addition, Adams mentioned there was no hidden meaning behind the title, it was his eleventh studio release and contained eleven tracks, "there are no secondary meanings" as Adams later mentioned in an interview with the BBC. The album's cover was taken during a photo shoot in a hotel in Switzerland, while Adams was doing a self-photo story for an Italian men's magazine. Adams ended up liking the photo so much that he ended up using it as the album's cover


11 (Bryan Adams album), Conception
As with the previous album, Room Service, significant portions of the album were produced while on tour. According to co-writer Jim Vallance modern technology and equipment made it a lot easier to record the album. Adams recorded the album while on tour, making use of the time between playing on stage and readying himself for the next gig. Vallance and Adams recorded the album normally while sitting backstage or in a hotel room with small devices which they usually carried along on tours, but especially during their off days. Adams, in an interview, mentioned that when recording a song, they needed to set up mattresses against the windows, and having microphones run through the toilet.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Conception
11 was originally going to be an acoustic record, aiming for the "soft-hard approach" perfected by the British rock group, The Who. However, after a long tour, some of the acoustic songs started growing on him, which led to changes. Adams would record for a few hours, until he wheeled the whole recording kit back onstage. "It makes me a little more interested in going on tour," he said in retrospect. Adams who was never fully committed to the idea of creating a full-fledged acoustic album, decided not to after seeing an acoustic band opening for him during one of his concerts. What he saw made him certain that he was not able to create such an album.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Writing and themes
When the writing season for 11 had ended, Adams and his companions had written 30 songs. After a selection process, 19 of these songs were removed, however some of them made it to the deluxe edition released later in 2008. The first single, "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was written in 2007, and went through two or three changes before Adams made the finishing touches. Originally, it had another title, and a different melody, and as Adams later put it; "in the course of listening to the music and spending time with it, you do end up changing it.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Writing and themes
Adams hadn't worked together on an album with Vallance since the late-1980s. They teamed up after, as Adams said, "throwing ideas back and forth" from 2003 until the album was released. Vallance would send MP3 audio files by e-mail to Adams during the recording seasons. Adams would then add some elements to them and send them back. They continued doing this until a song was completed; Vallance claimed it took longer for them to write songs than during their previous collaborations, but felt the end product was just as good.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Writing and themes
The main themes in the album, in Adams words are; "searching for something". The lyrical meaning behind track number four, "Oxygen" is what a person needs to survive. In other words, "The person you are with is giving you the air you breathe", and that people in general "need each other 100%." The album's first single, "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" is about keeping an open mind."


11 (Bryan Adams album), Writing and themes
The theme of "Broken Wings" is about "somebody who taught me how to fly", a metaphor which for "putting your trust in somebody who can give you faith and the belief that you can succeed." "Something to Believe In" is based upon the affirmation of life and faith, while "Walk on By" warns the listener of distrustfulness. As with other albums, according to Adams, he likes to end the album with a melancholic song, such as "Something to Believe In" in 11, it's not the last track however.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Writing and themes
"Flowers Gone Wild" touches on the same theme as two songs he wrote in the early 1980s, "Cover Girl" and "The Best Is Yet To Come", are based upon the murdered playboy bunny Dorothy Stratten. But also people with misplaced emotions and their unfulfilled needs, which are pushed forth by the media, which Adams says, leads people to lose their "sense of decency". Adams explained further; "It's a sort of new love affair with an old story, devouring our celebrities and leaving them when we are done."


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release
The finishing touches to the album were done in September 2007, but the European release of the album was delayed until March 2008. The album was released independently in the United States exclusively through Wal-Mart and Sam's Club retail stores on May 13, 2008. The deal was brokered one month after the albums international release. On October 5, 2008, a Deluxe Edition of 11 was announced on Adams website. The album featured new tracks and contained a DVD. The Deluxe Edition was released on November 10, 2008, in the UK, and November 11, in Canada.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release
The new CD featured the original 11 tracks, a new song "Saved" and the inclusion of two B-sides, "Way of the World" and "Miss America". The remix of "She's Got a Way" replaces the original version, but includes another remix done by Chicane. The DVD features Adams, and his backing band, rehearsing the material from the album. It also contains behind the scenes footages.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Critical response
11 overall received mixed, but mostly unflattering reviews from critics. Music reviewer Chris Jones from the BBC wrote generally positively about 11 in his review. He concluded that it was another strong album, even if Adams voice sounded dispassionate on some tracks. The Canadian website Jam! gave the album an average review. Reviewer Darryl Stedan found the lyrics clichéd, predictable and, while not criticising it, described it as an album "that didn't really mean much."


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Critical response
Ryan Wasoba from the alternatively weekly magazine, Houston Press wrote favorably of the record in a backhanded way, commenting that 11's appeal laid in its "inoffensiveness" and "digestibility". Amy O'Brian of The Vancouver Sun wrote favorably of the new album, while at the same time criticising it for its clichés, bad lyrics and for its too-familiar melodies, and concluded, "It's cheesy and overdone, but the truth is that it just might give Adams his first hit in a decade."


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Critical response
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic gave the record two out of five stars, saying that Adams' "fondness for obvious hooks" had "flattened into clichés". Matt O'Leary from Virgin Media criticised the album for Adams's "over-familiar trademark" and very clichéd, made the over-familiar sound of 11 a little more "irksome". O'Leary gave the album two out of five stars. The Sunday Times reviewer Steve Jelbert wrote, "Eleven studio albums into his career, the Canadian rocker returns with a set so devoid of surprises that it could easily have been created with a computer program."


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Critical response
He continued by criticising the album for what he saw as mundane lyrical metaphors, attempts of copying U2 and rigid one-note basslines. He concluded however that the album was better than Lenny Kravitz latest effort, It Is Time for a Love Revolution. Chuck Arnold and Christina Tapper of People gave the album two-and-a-half stars out of four and stated that the 11 songs "show that, at 48, Adams is still capable of capturing the essence of young, unbridled love. Sure, the guy can get sappy, but he's always sincere."


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Chart and commercial performance
11 was Adams' first studio album to be released in four years, since Room Service in 2004. In the album's first week of release it sold just below 10,000 units in Canada, and debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart and stayed on the chart for four weeks. This marked the first time since Waking Up the Neighbours in 1991, that Adams was able to top the Canadian record chart.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Chart and commercial performance
In the United States, it debuted at number 80 on the Billboard 200 on the charts issue date of May 31, 2008, and stayed on the chart for four weeks. 11 was Adams' first studio album since 18 til I Die in the US to crack the top 100. 11 stayed longer on the American and Canadian record than did Room Service. 11 peaked at three on the European Albums Chart and stayed on the chart for ten weeks, the album and reached seven at the Independent Albums Chart and stayed there for five weeks. At the 2009 Juno Awards Adams was nominated for "Artist of the Year" due to 11.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Chart and commercial performance
Internationally, 11 was a commercial success. The album peaked at number one in two countries, India and Switzerland. It also charted within the top ten in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Switzerland, India, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Portugal and The Netherlands. France was the album's least successful charting territory, peaking within the top 200 at number 157. Switzerland was the only country in Europe were 11 managed to top a record chart. After staying there for a full 13 weeks if fell off the chart from 81. Because of sales of over 15,000 units, the album was certified gold in Switzerland and Denmark. The album has sold over half a million units worldwide.


11 (Bryan Adams album), Release, Chart and commercial performance
The first single, "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was released as a download only single in the UK on March 17, 2008. Although it was officially released to US radio on March 1, 2008, it proved somewhat popular on Adult Contemporary radio stations where it peaked at No. 21. In Canada "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was officially released to radio in March 2008. The song reached the top 50 on the Canadian Hot 100 where it peaked at No. 47. "Tonight We Have the Stars", the second single, was released as a digital single on June 6, 2008. The third and last single, "She's Got a Way" was released in September and did not chart anywhere in North America or Europe.


11 (Bryan Adams album), 11 Tour
In support of 11, Adams started the "11 concerts, 11 cities" tour, having concerts in 11 different countries in just 11 days. The intimate shows at some spectacular venues will see Adams perform an acoustic set, on stage, with just his guitar and harmonica. The London show was on the March 11, 2008, at St. James Church in Piccadilly. The last stop of his 11 days concert tour was in Copenhagen, Denmark on March 17. After the "11 concerts, 11 cities" tour, Adams continued to promote his album, this time on an acoustic tour touring with such musical acts as Foreigner and Rod Stewart. Later, in an interview, he was asked what song he felt sounded the best acoustically, Adams responded;


11 (Bryan Adams album), 11 Tour
"Well, they all work acoustically, because they were all written on an acoustic guitar. This album started out as an acoustic record and halfway through I sort of switched gears and decided to make sort of an acoustic rock record. When I play the songs live, it has actually sort of led me into a path of this next tour, which is my first American acoustic tour. I feel confident enough with these songs and with the songs in the past that the show is going to be quite interesting, sort of hearing these songs stripped down completely, just myself and a guitar."


11 (Bryan Adams album), 11 Tour
What is interesting is this was to be the beginning of Adams's Bare Bones tour, which still tours the world in between his usually band shows.


11 (Marija Šerifović album)
11 is the 2020 studio album from Serbian pop singer Marija Šerifović. Videos were shot for the songs "11", "Pametna i luda" and "Deo proslosti".


11 (The Smithereens album)
11 is the third studio album by American rock band The Smithereens, released on October 24, 1989 by Capitol Records. It includes the Billboard Top 40 single "A Girl Like You". The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in June 1990.


11 (The Smithereens album)
The album title was inspired by the film Ocean's 11, "with a little push from Spinal Tap's famous line, "This one goes to 11", according to guitarist Jim Babjak.


11 (The Smithereens album), Background
The Smithereens switched producers for the album, going from Don Dixon, who had produced their first two albums, to Ed Stasium, who had produced albums by The Ramones and Living Colour. "I'm not sure what we were looking for...maybe a heavier guitar sound, like in "A Girl Like You". We were trying to preserve our integrity, yet find a home on radio", lead singer Pat DiNizio said.


11 (The Smithereens album), Background
"A Girl Like You" was written by DiNizio on assignment for Cameron Crowe's film Say Anything.... DiNizio based the lyrics on bits of dialogue in the screenplay. When the film's producer asked DiNizio to change the lyrics, because it revealed too much of the plot, he refused, and the band decided to keep the song for their next album, 11. Madonna was originally enlisted to sing the harmony vocals, but failed to show up for the recording session. Instead, the band got Maria Vidal to do the vocals.


11 (The Smithereens album), Background
The song peaked at No. 2 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart and at No. 3 on the magazine's Modern Rock chart. It became the band's first Top 40 entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 38 and spending 20 weeks on the chart.


11 (The Smithereens album), Track listing
All tracks are written by Pat DiNizio, except where noted.


11 (Ua album)
11 is the first studio album by the pop singer-songwriter Ua. It was released on October 23, 1996. The album was re-issued on September 22, 2005.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Buckshot06 (talk | contribs) at 03:48, 9 April 2020 (→References:  more precise categories). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance
11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance is a unit of the Canadian Forces Health Services (CFHS) Group assigned to 1 Health Services Group (1 HSG) in support of 39 Canadian Brigade Group (39 CBG), a component of 3 Canadian Division, and Maritime Forces (Pacific). The unit charged with conducting  individual, platoon and collective training and provides medical support to other units undergoing training, as well as operating a Brigade Medical Station (BMS) for brigade- level exercises in various training areas in British Columbia and Washington State. Operating the BMS is done in conjunction with 12 (Vancouver) Field Ambulance, which illustrates the close cooperation that exists between the two units.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance, History
This unit has a long and distinguished history that lives up to the former Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (RCAMC) motto - faithful in adversity. It is the latest in a line of   Victoria army medical units dating back to 13th Canadian Field Ambulance of World War I.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance, History, World War I
13 Field Ambulance (Fd Amb) was mobilized in Victoria on 22 March 1916 and departed Canada July 1 on the S.S. Matagama. The unit arrived in England July 9 where they received training in stretcher drill with and without ambulances and practical field ambulance work in conjunction with infantry units. The unit was fully equipped with tentage, medical equipment and ambulances and departed from Southampton, August 12 for the front lines in Belgium.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance, History, World War II
On September 2, 1939, 13 Field Ambulance, now quartered at the Bay Street Armoury, was mobilized with six officers and forty other ranks from the Militia. On October 27, 1941, the unit was renamed "No. 13 Light Field Ambulance" and tasked to support the 5th Canadian Armoured Division overseas. The unit departed Canada in November 1942 for England where it received its full complement of vehicles and other equipment. In January 1943 the unit was designated 13 Canadian Field Dressing Station providing the nucleus, with attached field surgical teams and field transfusion teams, for an advanced surgical centre.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance, History, World War II
Between October 1943 and January 1945 the unit supported the Canadian 5th Armoured Division in the Italian campaign seeing action at Ortona, the Liri Valley andthe Gothic Line. In February 1945 the unit redeployed from Italy by road and ship to support 1st Canadian Corps in clearing western Holland of the enemy. VE Day was declared on May 8, 1945 and 13 Canadian Field Dressing Station remained in situ until June 30 when it became the first Canadian medical unit to be disbanded.


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance, History, Post War
On 29 October 1954, 13 Field Ambulance CA (M) and 46 Field Hygiene Section RCAMC CA (M) were amalgamated to form 25 Medical Company RCAMC CA(M). During this period members of the unit participated in numerous peace keeping missions and served on tours in Bosnia and Croatia. The unit was re-designated in 1979 as 11 (Victoria) Medical Company. In 1994 the unit was accorded the Freedom of the Municipality of Saanich


11 (Victoria) Field Ambulance, History, 2000 to Present
In 2007 the unit was renamed 11(Victoria)  Field Ambulance. During this period unit personnel have been involved with in a variety of domestic operations and has seen members deploy to operations overseas, including Afghanistan and Sudan.


11 (number)
11 (eleven) is the natural number following 10 and preceding 12. It is the first repdigit. In English, it is the smallest positive integer requiring three syllables.


11 (number), Name
Eleven derives from the Old English ęndleofon which is first attested in Bede's late 9th-century Ecclesiastical History of the English People. It has cognates in every Germanic language (for example, German elf), whose Proto-Germanic ancestor has been reconstructed as *ainalifa-, from the prefix *aina- (adjectival "one") and suffix *-lifa- of uncertain meaning. It is sometimes compared with the Lithuanian vienúolika, although -lika is used as the suffix for all numbers from 11 to 19 (analogous to "-teen").


11 (number), Name
The Old English form has closer cognates in Old Frisian, Saxon, and Norse, whose ancestor has been reconstructed as *ainlifun. This has formerly been considered derived from Proto-Germanic *tehun ("ten"); it is now sometimes connected with *leikʷ- or *leip- ("left; remaining"), with the implicit meaning that "one is left" after having already counted to ten.


11 (number), Name
Eleven is the only two-digit number that, when spelt in English, does not contain the letter T.


11 (number), In languages
While, as mentioned above, 11 has its own name in Germanic languages such as English, German, or Swedish, and some Latin based languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and French, it is the first compound number in many other languages: Italian ùndici , Chinese 十一 shí yī, Korean 열하나 yeol hana or 십일 ship il.


11 (number), In mathematics
11 is a prime number. The next prime is 13, with which it comprises a twin prime.


11 (number), In mathematics
There are 11 regular and semiregular convex uniform tilings in the second dimension, and 11 planigons that correspond to these 11 regular and semiregular tilings.


11 (number), In mathematics
There are 11 orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems (to within a conformal symmetry) in which the 3-variable Helmholtz equation can be solved using the separation of variables technique.


11 (number), In mathematics
11 of the thirty-five hexominoes can be folded to form (i.e., can serve as a net for) a cube. 11 of the sixty-six octiamonds can be folded to form a regular octahedron.


11 (number), In mathematics
11 is the fourth Sophie Germain prime, the third safe prime, the fourth Lucas prime, the first repunit prime, the second good prime, and the second unique prime. Although it is necessary for n to be prime for 2n − 1 to be a Mersenne prime, the converse is not true: 211 − 1 = 2047 which is 23 × 89.


11 (number), In mathematics
11 raised to the nth power is the nth row of Pascal's Triangle. (This works for any base, but the number eleven must be changed to the number represented as 11 in that base; for example, in duodecimal this must be done using thirteen.)


11 (number), In mathematics
11 is a Heegner number, meaning that the ring of integers of the field Q(−11){\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ({\sqrt {-11}})} has the property of unique factorization. A consequence of this is that there exists at most one point on the elliptic curve x3 = y2 + 11 that has positive-integer coordinates. In this case, this unique point is (15, 58).


11 (number), In mathematics
On the seven-segment display of a calculator, 11 is both a strobogrammatic prime and a dihedral prime.


11 (number), In mathematics, In Decimal
If a number is divisible by 11, reversing its digits will result in another multiple of 11. As long as no two adjacent digits of a number added together exceed 9, then multiplying the number by 11, reversing the digits of the product, and dividing that new number by 11, will yield a number that is the reverse of the original number. (For example: 142,312 × 11 = 1,565,432 → 2,345,651 ÷ 11 = 213,241.)


11 (number), In mathematics, In Decimal
Multiples of 11 by one-digit numbers all have matching double digits: 00 (=0), 11, 22, 33, 44, etc.


11 (number), In mathematics, In Decimal, Divisibility Tests
A simple test to determine if an integer is divisible by 11 is to take every digit of the number located in odd position and add them up, then take the remaining digits and add them up. If the difference between the two sums is a multiple of 11, including 0, then the number is divisible by 11. For instance, if the number is 65,637 then (6 + 6 + 7) - (5 + 3) = 19 - 8 = 11, so 65,637 is divisible by 11.


11 (number), In mathematics, In Decimal, Divisibility Tests
This technique also works with groups of digits rather than individual digits, so long as the number of digits in each group is odd, although not all groups have to have the same number of digits. For instance, if one uses three digits in each group, one gets from 65,637 the calculation (065) - 637 = -572, which is divisible by 11.


11 (number), In mathematics, In Decimal, Divisibility Tests
Another test for divisibility is to separate a number into groups of two consecutive digits (adding a leading zero if there is an odd number of digits), and then add up the numbers so formed; if the result is divisible by 11, the number is divisible by 11. For instance, if the number is 65,637, 06 + 56 + 37 = 99, which is divisible by 11, so 65,637 is divisible by eleven. This also works by adding a trailing zero instead of a leading one: 65 + 63 + 70 = 198, which is divisible by 11. This also works with larger groups of digits, providing that each group has an even number of digits (not all groups have to have the same number of digits).


11 (number), In mathematics, In Decimal, Multiplying 11
An easy way of multiplying numbers by 11 in base 10 is:If the number has:


11 (number), In mathematics, In Other Bases
In base 13 and higher bases (such as hexadecimal), 11 is represented as B, where ten is A. In duodecimal, however, 11 is sometimes represented as E or ↋, and ten as T, X, or ↊.


11 (number), In religion, Christianity
After Judas Iscariot was disgraced, the remaining apostles of Jesus were sometimes described as "the Eleven" (;  and ); this occurred even after Matthias was added to bring the number to twelve, as in Acts 2:14: Peter stood up with the eleven (New International Version). The New Living Translation says Peter stepped forward with the eleven other apostles, making clear that the number of apostles was now twelve.


11 (number), In religion, Christianity
Saint Ursula is said to have been martyred in the third or fourth century in Cologne with a number of companions, whose reported number "varies from five to eleven". A legend that Ursula died with eleven thousand virgin companions has been thought to appear from misreading XI. M. V. (Latin abbreviation for "Eleven martyr virgins") as "Eleven thousand virgins".


11 (number), In religion, Babylonian
In the Enûma Eliš the goddess Tiamat creates eleven monsters to take revenge for the death of her husband, Apsû.


11 (song)
"11" is a song by American singer-songwriter Cassadee Pope from her debut solo album, Frame by Frame (2013). Pope co-wrote the song, which tells the story of her parents' divorce, with Nathan Chapman, while the production was handled by Dann Huff.


11 (song), Background and release
"11" was released onto iTunes on August 27, 2013 as the second of four promotional countdown singles leading up to the album's release. A music video featuring childhood photos and clips of home videos from her family was posted on Pope's YouTube channel August 28 and on her VEVO channel on September 12, 2013.


11 (song), Background and release
Upon release, the song was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. It debuted at #38 on the Hot Country Songs chart, the highest debut of the promotional tracks.


11 A.M. (film)
11 A.M. (Korean: 열한시; RR: Yeolhansi; lit. "AM 11:00") is a 2013 South Korean sci-fi thriller film directed by Kim Hyun-seok, and starring Jung Jae-young, Kim Ok-bin and Choi Daniel. It was released in theaters on November 28, 2013.


11 A.M. (film), Plot
In the not-so distant future, researchers at a deep-sea laboratory have finally invented a time machine. The device can move objects ahead 24 hours, but the scientists have never tried it on people before. Head researcher Woo-seok is promised major funding from a mega-corporation if he completes a test run. Along with his assistant Young-eun, he schedules a jump to 11 a.m. the next day. Upon their successful arrival, they find the base in pandemonium, while the other researchers have disappeared. What's more, someone is out to get them. With the surveillance camera recordings as the sole clue, they must investigate for the next 24 hours the mysterious happenings that occurred at the lab, figure out what happened over the past day and go back in time in order to prevent it.


11 Andromedae
11 Andromedae, abbreviated 11 And, is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. 11 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.44, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. An annual parallax shift of 11.5 mas yields a distance estimate of 283 light years. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +10 km/s.


11 Andromedae
This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III, which means it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and turned off the main sequence. It has an estimated 2.57 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to around 12 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 63 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,874 km/s.


11 Andromedae
Within Andromeda it is the south-west end of a bright northerly chain (jagged line) asterism – the others being, their order going with numbering, 8, 7, 5 and 3 Andromedae.


11 April 2007 Algiers bombings
The 2007 Algiers bombings occurred on 11 April 2007 when two suicide car bombs exploded in the Algerian capital Algiers.


11 April 2007 Algiers bombings
The headquarters of the Algerian prime minister were hit by a large explosion that left many people dead and injured and could be heard 10 km away. Another explosion targeted a police station in an eastern suburb of the city, near the international airport.


11 April 2007 Algiers bombings
Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the bombings after the attack took place.


11 April 2007 Algiers bombings, Details and context of the bombings
The first attack, which was on the prime minister's office, killed 12 people and injured 118, and the second attack on the police station in the Bab Ezzouar district of Algiers killed 11 and injured 44. The Al-Qaeda group in the Maghreb is the group claiming responsibility for these two attacks. This group was formerly known as the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC).


11 April 2007 Algiers bombings, Details and context of the bombings
The United Nations Security Council held an official meeting to condemn the attacks. The attack was planned by Sofiane el-Fassila.


11 Aquarii
11 Aquarii is a sun-like star in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius, located 88.5 light years away from the Sun. 11 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation. It is difficult to see with the naked eye, appearing as a dim, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.22. This body is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −17.8 km/s, and is expected to come as close as 65.1 ly in 700,000 years.


11 Aquarii
It is  a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V. Compared to the Sun, this star has a higher abundance of elements more massive than helium. This indicates it belongs to a class of stars called metal-rich. The star is slightly older than the Sun, but it has slightly more mass and has a larger radius. It is radiating 2.24 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,973 K.


11 Aquilae
11 Aquilae (abbreviated 11 Aql) is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. 11 Aquilae is the Flamsteed designation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.2, which means it is faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.9 mas, the distance to this star is approximately 156 light-years (48 parsecs). The brightness of this star is diminished by 0.33 in magnitude because of extinction from interstellar gas and dust.


11 Aquilae
This is an F-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of F8 V. It is radiating about 15.4 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 6,118 K, giving it the yellow-white glow of an F-type star. 11 Aquilae has been listed as a candidate for membership in the Ursa Major Moving Group, but most likely does not belong to that association.


11 Arietis
11 Arietis (abbreviated 11 Ari) is a star in the northern constellation of Aries. 11 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.01, which makes it a challenging target to view with the naked eye in suitably dark skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.72 mas, the distance to this star is approximately 880 light-years (270 parsecs).


11 Arietis
11 Arietis has a stellar classification of B9 IV-Vn, which may indicate that it is beginning to evolve away from the main sequence into a subgiant as the supply of hydrogen at its core becomes exhausted. At present it has an estimated 2.8 times the radius of the Sun, but this will increase as it continues to evolve into a giant star. 11 Arietis is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 249 km/s. This motion, combined with the Doppler effect, is causing the absorption lines in the spectrum to spread out and become 'nebulous', as indicated by the 'n' suffix in the classification.