13 Daughters, Productions
After a month-long tryout in Philadelphia and one preview on Broadway, 13 Daughters opened on March 2, 1961, at the 54th Street Theatre in New York, and closed on March 25, 1961, after 28 performances. The large cast included Don Ameche as Chun, Monica Boyar as Emmaloa, Sylvia Syms, Richard Tone, Stanley Grover, George Lipton, Gina Viglione, John Battles, Isabelle Farrell, Diana Corto, Ed Kenney and many others.


13 Daughters, Productions
Prior to the opening, Gloria Gabriel, who  portrayed one of the daughters,  appeared on an episode of To Tell The Truth as an imposter, where Don Ameche was a panelist, noting that she had not yet met Ameche.


13 Daughters, Productions
The show was nominated for two Tony Awards, for Pembroke Davenport as Conductor and Musical Director, and George Jenkins as Scenic Designer (Musical). A cast album of a follow-up production in Honolulu was recorded on


13 Daughters, Productions
There was a performance in New Zealand in April 1968  by the  followed two decades later by a revival concert production in 1987 at McKinley High School Auditorium, Honolulu. In 1989 a fully staged production was mounted with Joe Layton as director/choreographer, at the Hawaii Theatre, Honolulu. Arrangements for the Honolulu revival were commissioned from  who was also musical director, arranger/orchestrator for the 1981 world premiere and 1985 revival production of Magoon's later work, Aloha, a Musical of the Islands.


13 Days to Die
13 Days to Die (German: Der Fluch des schwarzen Rubin, lit. ' The Curse of the Black Ruby') is a 1965 Italian and West German spy film drama, directed by Manfred R. Köhler and Alberto Cardone.


13 Days to Die
The film was based on an updated pre-World War II German pulp fiction character named Rolf Torring.


13 Dead End Drive
13 Dead End Drive is a murder-themed board game originally released by Milton Bradley in 1993. It was followed in 2002 by a spinoff, 1313 Dead End Drive. Currently, Winning Moves Games USA publishes the game in the USA.


13 Dead End Drive
The story behind the game involves the death of a wealthy old woman triggering a feud over her will. The players utilize traps located on the game board, which represents a mansion, to kill characters controlled by other players in order to claim the estate for themselves.


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay
At the start of gameplay, players are dealt "Character cards" which correspond to matching pawns on the board. Since there are 12 characters, it is often the case that players control more than one character. However, which player controls which character is not revealed. Along with the character cards, there are also Portrait Cards, which determine who the current favorite for the inheritance is, and Trap Cards, which are used to spring traps and knock off other players.


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay
During each turn, a player rolls two dice and moves two pawns, one pawn for each die. It is legal for players to move a pawn that is not theirs in order to bring it closer to or onto a Trap Space. All pawns must be moved off the red chair spaces before any pawns can be moved a second time or onto a trap space. If a pawn is moved onto a trap space by exact roll only, the player must have the corresponding trap card in his or her possession in order to spring the trap. Springing traps is not mandatory, however. After that, play proceeds on to the next player. A pawn can not pass through or land on the same space as another pawn during the same turn.


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay
During the game, a Portrait Card is displayed in the picture frame above the fireplace. That character is now the current favorite to inherit the fortune. At that moment, for all intents and purposes, that character is now marked for death and must try to escape the mansion before he or she is either knocked off or the portrait changes (see "Special Spaces and Rules" below).


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay
Also, during the game, a Detective is waiting outside, slowly advancing toward the front door. His arrival signifies the reading of the will and the announcement of the winner. The Detective can only move one space at a time, and only when a Detective Card (hidden inside the Trap Card pile) is drawn. There are 13 steps to the front door. If the Detective makes it to the front door before all other characters have been eliminated, the game is over.


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay, Ways to win
There are three ways to win 13 Dead End Drive:


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay, Traps
13 Dead End Drive has five different booby traps that are used to dispose of other characters. In the story of the game, the traps are designed to make deaths appear accidental. The traps are the Chandelier, the Bookcase, the Stairs, a Statue in a suit of armor, and the Fireplace: if a pawn has the misfortune to land on the trap space in front of or under one of these traps, the Trap card is played and the trap is sprung in the following ways:


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay, Traps
When a player moves a pawn onto a Trap Space, they must draw a card from the Trap Card pile (if they do not already have the matching trap card in their possession). If the player draws the matching Trap Card, they can either play it immediately or hold the card for future use. If the player does not have the matching Trap Card, the trap cannot be sprung, but the card can be saved for future use. There are also "Wild" Trap Cards which permit all traps to be used anytime a pawn is in that space. If, however, the player draws a Detective card, the Detective is moved one space forward, but the player is permitted to draw another Trap Card before ending the turn.


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay, Traps
Once a trap is sprung, that pawn and the matching Character Card are laid down on the "Discard" pile on the board (the couch). If during the course of play, a Portrait Card comes up for a character that has been knocked off, that card is immediately taken down and placed on the "Discard" pile, revealing a new Portrait. The Portrait cards are shuffled at the beginning of gameplay and concealed by an "Aunt Agatha" portrait card to hide the known deck order.


13 Dead End Drive, Gameplay, Characters
The players take the roles of the twelve suspects who compete for the will. They are:


13 Dead End Drive, Spinoffs, 1313 Dead End Drive
1313 Dead End Drive is an updated version with 16 heirs in a mansion who are going to kill each other. The players can steal moneybags by killing rivals. There are slightly different booby traps such as the chandelier being replaced by a large boar head, the bookcase being replaced by a safe that releases a big steel piggy bank that slams into the heir's face and instead of falling into the fire you're spun into it. The game ends rather differently and the winner is the one with the most moneybags.


13 Dead Men
13 Dead Men is a 2003 action crime thriller film written and directed by Art Camacho and starring rapper Mystikal and Lorenzo Lamas.


13 Dead Men, Premise
Master diamond thief Malichi is framed for murder and put on death row. When the corrupt warden finds that he has hidden diamonds, he tries anything he can to get him to reveal the location of the diamonds, including extending his sentence. When Malichi realizes he is not going to find justice, he turns to Caj, a belligerent inmate who agrees to help him in order to gain his own freedom.


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
On Friday 13 December 2013, multiple attacks killed at least 36 people and wounded 46 in Iraq.


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
A gunman killed at least 18 people, including 15 Iranians and another 7 were wounded, including 5 Iranians in Diyala Governorate, Iraq.


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
In Ramadi, a car bomb killed at least 6 people and another 10 were wounded.


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
At least 5 people die and another 14 were injured after a car exploded in Nahrawan.


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
A car bomb killed at least 5 people and 13 others were wounded in Madain.


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks
Insurgents shoot dead at least 2 people in Ghazaliyah, Baghdad Governorate.


13 Demon Street
13 Demon Street is a horror anthology TV series that aired between 1959 and 1960 in American syndication. Thirteen 25-minute episodes were produced in Sweden, although the language, and cast, is English.


13 Demon Street
Lon Chaney Jr. was the host, introducing each episode from his 'home' at 13 Demon Street. Condemned for some shockingly atrocious crime, Chaney's purpose in relating the series' stories was to convince viewers that the crimes presented in them were worse than his, thus freeing him from his purgatory. This was hard for audiences to judge, however, because Chaney's original crime was never specified.


13 Demon Street
The series was originated by Curt Siodmak, who also wrote some of the scripts and directed several episodes. He had previously written Chaney's 1941 film The Wolf Man.


13 Demon Street
Three episodes of the series were edited together to make a theatrical feature called The Devil's Messenger in 1961, in which Chaney's character was reconfigured as Satan himself. Chaney filmed new wraparound segments as Satan in Hell to link the chosen episodes, which were "The Photograph", "The Girl in the Glacier" and "Condemned in Crystal".


13 Demon Street
Several of the show's stories were derivative in nature. "The Black Hand", for example, was modelled on The Hands of Orlac, while "The Photograph" is an updated version of the M R James story "The Mezzotint".


13 Demon Street, Availability on home video
The series is available on grey market home video. In addition, two episodes - 'The Vine of Death' and 'The Black Hand' - were included as bonus features on the Image DVD release of the 1958 Hal Roach/ Boris Karloff series The Veil. Odeon's UK release of the same series featured four - the Image episodes, plus 'The Photograph' and 'Fever'. The episode "The Girl in the Glacier" was included on the DVD of Terror in the Midnight Sun.


13 Demon Street, Availability on home video
Although numerous dealers offer the series on DVD or VHS, every existing set is missing most of the Lon Chaney footage, removed by some unknown individual for unknown reasons. Episodes were intended to open and close in Lon Chaney's character's dilapidated home, where he would act as host and comment on each individual story. However, most episodes have obvious jump cuts, almost completely eliminating Lon Chaney's presence.


13 Demon Street, Cultural references
The name of the Swedish hardcore punk band D.S.-13 is a play on that of the series.


13 East Street
13 East Street is a 1952 British crime thriller film directed by Robert S. Baker and starring Patrick Holt,  Sandra Dorne and Sonia Holm.


13 East Street
It was shot at Twickenham Studios with some location shooting around London. The film's sets were designed by the art director Andrew Mazzei. It was produced as a second feature by Tempean Films which specialised in producing films designed to support the main feature on a double bill during the early 1950s.


13 East Street, Synopsis
In order to break up a gang trading in stolen goods, a Scotland Yard detective goes undercover. He robs a jewellery shop and is sentenced to prison so that he can gain the confidence of the gang's leaders and infiltrate their organisation.


13 Eerie
13 Eerie is a 2013 Canadian horror film directed by Lowell Dean, making his feature film debut. It is also produced by Don Carmody, Kevin DeWalt, Mark Montague and David Cormican and written by Christian Piers Betley. The film stars Katharine Isabelle, Michael Shanks, Brendan Fehr, Brendan Fletcher, Nick Moran and Jesse Moss. It entails the story about six forensic undergrads completing a university field exam on a deserted island, oblivious that the island was previously used for illegal biological experiments on life-term prisoners.


13 Eerie, Plot
Six forensic undergrads, Megan (Katharine Isabelle), Daniel (Brendan Fehr), Josh (Brendan Fletcher), Patrick (Jesse Moss), Kate (Kristie Patterson) and Rob (Michael Eisner), are assigned to complete a scientific field exam on a deserted island known as Eerie Strait, where life-term prisoners were once held and corpses lay dead. With cameras set up, Professor Tomkins (Michael Shanks) dispatches them into pairs to examine corpses in different areas as part of staged murders, restricting the pairs from interacting, only allowing their use of walkie talkies to report back to him. Unfortunately these have been accidentally damaged. He also monitors their activities from a surveillance cabin.


13 Eerie, Plot
Shortly, Larry (Nick Moran), an ex-con who transported the group, warns partners, Megan and Kate, about finding the unexpected corpse of a skinhead female in a jumpsuit which soon comes alive in their working area. Rob spots the zombie in the woods and tries to warn his partner, Daniel, who dismisses it. Due to the earlier damage, all of the walkie talkies lose battery life, and communication is broken. While in the woods alone, the zombie pursues Kate and cannibalizes parts of her. Josh and Patrick hear her screams and see a figure's movements in the woods, suspecting there is a problem.


13 Eerie, Plot
As Larry tries to inform an initially skeptical Tomkins, who is upset with Larry for inadvertently destroying much of the equipment, Megan finds Kate injured, carrying her back to the student cabin before she dies. Rob, believing something is up, leaves Daniel to go out on his own. As Kate revives as a zombie and Rob approaches her as one after being bitten to death by the tattoo zombie (Ryland Alexander) and thug zombie (Jason Truong), Megan is forced to gruesomely kill the two of them.


13 Eerie, Plot
The remaining crew splits up and searches for the missing others, and Daniel finds Megan. Back at the main cabin, as the zombies attack, Tomkins shoots the skinhead zombie that is outside and inside where Larry botches a molotov cocktail, the thug zombie is able to pull Larry underneath the cabin to bite him to death.


13 Eerie, Plot
Tomkins tells Megan and Daniel to hide in a school bus. Chased by the zombies, Josh and Patrick seek safety in a prison bus, honking the horn that alerts the others to their location. Leaving the school bus, Megan and Daniel see zombie Larry coming after them. Megan accidentally fires a shot that injures Daniel, but she shoots Larry dead. They are found and they join Josh and Patrick on the prison bus. The zombies attack the bus, and they crash the tattoo zombie into a nearby cabin, resulting in Patrick's death.


13 Eerie, Plot
The thug zombie comes after them and it is shot down. They drive away, but the bus starts to smoke and it tips over a branch and crashes, though Megan, Daniel and Josh, who sustains a knee injury, all survive. Not long after, the tattoo zombie catches up to them and Megan shoots it, but runs out of bullets. As she is about to be bitten, Josh saves her, driving an arrow through the zombie's head.


13 Eerie, Plot
The next day Tomkins finds them. Captain Veneziano (Lyndon Bray) drives by and they have him pull over. Megan, Daniel and Josh get into the car as Tomkins attacks Veneziano, who is pressured to admit the island was used for conducting biological experiments on prisoners sentenced to death row and turned into a death camp when the testing went wrong years ago. The tattoo zombie approaches from behind and Tomkins sacrifices Veneziano to save his own life. He attempts to drive off with his students, only to realize the keys are clenched between the teeth of the zombie. The final scene shows Megan, Daniel, Josh and Tomkins looking terrified about their fates.


13 Eerie, Production
The film is a Canadian production produced by Don Carmody Productions and Minds Eye Entertainment.


13 Eerie, Release
13 Eerie was released on home video April 2, 2013.


13 Eerie, Reception
Generally, critical reception for 13 Eerie were mixed to negative.


13 Eerie, Reception
DVD Verdict stated that the film "13 Eerie is a respectable entry into the zombie genre. If you find this one in the discount bin, snatch it up". On an opposite perspective, DVD Talk stated that "An unusual setup isn't enough to save 13 Eerie from falling into the pit of clichés created by its zombie and slasher forefathers. Once you get past the idea of watching something truly novel and settle in for another helping of the usual, you'll find a competently staged and acted production."


13 Egeria
Egeria (minor planet designation: 13 Egeria) is a large main-belt G-type asteroid. It was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on November 2, 1850. Egeria was named by Urbain Le Verrier, whose computations led to the discovery of Neptune, after the mythological nymph Egeria of Aricia, Italy, the wife of Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome.


13 Egeria
Egeria occulted a star on January 8, 1992. Its disc was determined to be quite circular (217×196 km). On January 22, 2008, it occulted another star, and this occultation was timed by several observers in New Mexico and Arizona, coordinated by the . The result showed that Egeria presented an approximately circular profile to Earth of 214.8×192 km, well in agreement with the 1992 occultation. It has also been studied by radar.


13 Egeria
In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty. Spectral analysis of Egeria shows it to be unusually high in water content, 10.5–11.5% water by mass. This makes Egeria a prominent candidate for future water-mining ventures.


13 Engines
13 Engines was a Canadian alternative rock band active in the 1980s and 1990s.


13 Engines, Overview
Formed in 1985 as The Ikons, the band consisted of four York University students: vocalist John Critchley, guitarist Mike Robbins, bassist Jim Hughes and drummer Grant Ethier. They released a self-titled independent cassette in 1986 before changing their name to 13 Engines. This name was a reference to the automobile industry in Windsor, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan, which were the first two markets to embrace the band.


13 Engines, Overview
13 Engines released two independent albums: Before Our Time in 1987 and Byram Lake Blues in 1989, before signing to SBK Records in the United States and EMI in Canada.


13 Engines, Overview
In 1991, the band released their major label debut, A Blur to Me Now. The band received airplay for the album's singles "King of Saturday Night" and "Big Surprise", however, SBK dropped them soon afterward.


13 Engines, Overview
1993's Perpetual Motion Machine, produced by Critchley, was the band's breakthrough in Canada, spawning the hit singles "More", "Bred in the Bone" and "Smoke & Ashes", and led to a spot on The Tragically Hip's Another Roadside Attraction tour.


13 Engines, Overview
They followed up with Conquistador in 1995, which gave them another hit, Beneath My Hand. While the album is generally hailed as 13 Engines' finest work, it did not do well commercially and two members left the band. Critchley contemplated carrying on under the 13 Engines name, but elected to retire the band.


13 Engines, Post-breakup
Following the break-up of 13 Engines, Critchley continued as a solo artist and, in 2000, recorded an album with ex-13 Engines guitarist Scott Stevenson, Crooked Mile. Both Critchley and Ethier went on to careers as producers.


13 Faces of Death
13th Faces of Death was an album released by the death metal band Embalmer on October 13, 2006. It was the band's first and only full-length album. A number of songs, including "Rotten Body Fluids," "There Was Blood Everywhere," and "Into the Oven," were re-recorded for this full-length album.


13 Faces of Death
Reviews weren't generally positive, such as one from CD Baby that claimed that 13 Faces Of Death is "guaranteed to peel back your eggs."


13 Fanboy
13 Fanboy is an upcoming American meta-slasher film directed by Deborah Voorhees and co-written by her and Joel Paul Reisig. The film focuses on numerous actors that starred in a popular slasher film franchise who find themselves as the target of an obsessed fan that wants to replicate their death scenes in real life. It stars Hayley Greenbauer as Kelsie Voorhees, with Dee Wallace, Deborah Voorhees, C.J. Graham, Kane Hodder, Corey Feldman, Lar Park Lincoln, Judie Aronson, and Tracie Savage as fictionalized versions of themselves.


13 Fanboy
The film was conceived during the notable Friday the 13th lawsuit that prevented further films to be made. Although featuring an ensemble cast of Friday the 13th actors, it is wholly disparate in terms of tone and style and has no connections to the mythology of the Jason Voorhees saga.


13 Fanboy
The film is set to be released in theaters and VOD on October 22, 2021.


13 Fanboy, Synopsis
After witnessing the murder of her grandmother Deborah Voorhees, a famous Friday the 13th actress, Kelsie Voorhees is left traumatized as a child. When other Friday the 13th actresses begin to fall victim to the killer, an adult Kelsie finds herself as the target of the deranged fan that wants to replicate the horror franchise's death scenes in real life after risking her life to save her grandmother's best friend Dee Wallace.


13 Feku Ostagar Lane
13 Number Feku Ostagar Lane is a Bangla film, which was released in 1966. This film is the first pure comedy film of Dhallywood. This is the first film of Razzak in Dhallywood.


13 Field Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers
13 Field Squadron is a Reserve unit of the Royal Australian Engineers of the Australian Army. 13 Field Squadron provide the combat engineering capability of the Western Australia based reserve 13th Brigade.


13 Field Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers, History
13 Field Squadron trace their origins to the 7th Field Company formed in 1907. In 1909 it was renamed the 4th Field Company and changed again to the 6th Field Company in 1910, and finally the 13th Field Company on 1 July 1912. The unit's first major operation was constructing a suspension bridge over the Helena River at Guildford in Western Australia. The Company was not deployed during the First World War, although 100 of its personnel were attached to the First Australian Imperial Force and served at Gallipoli with the 2nd Field Company and in Palestine and France with the 6th Field Company.


13 Field Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers, History
In the Second World War the Company served in Darwin in March 1943 before being deployed to New Britain in October 1944, where its major assignment was the construction of a 10,000 ton jetty. It was disbanded after the war in 1946 until it was reraised as the 13th Field Squadron, Citizens Military Force (the precursor to the Army Reserve). It adopted the mascot of a 'little red devil' in the early 1960s, and was made part of the 13th Brigade on 1 February 1988.


13 Field Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers, Structure
The 13 Field Squadron is structured with two combat engineer troops, a training troop and a support troop.


13 Field Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers, Structure
The Squadron's primary role is to provide support to the elements of 13th Brigade, most often the Royal Western Australia Regiment.


13 Fighting Men
13 Fighting Men is a 1960 American drama film directed by Harry W. Gerstad and written by Robert Hamner and Jack W. Thomas. The film stars Grant Williams, Brad Dexter, Carole Mathews, Robert Dix, Richard Garland and Richard Crane.


13 Fighting Men
The film was released in April 1960, by 20th Century Fox.


13 Fighting Men, Production
The film was announced in September 1959. Filming started in December.


13 Flames Empire
13 Flames Empire is an independent comic book publisher based in Victoria, British Columbia founded by Ira Hunter and Robin Thompson in 1999.


13 Flames Empire, Overview
Originally named Hunter Thompson Unlimited, the company changed its name to 13 Flames Empire in 2006. Ira met Robin Thompson in 1999 through an ad he put in the paper.


13 Flames Empire, Overview
13 Flames Empire's titles include Champions of Hell, Zombie Jesus, and Undead Inbreds. 13 Flames Empire's comics target Mature Readers as they contain disturbing, horrifying, obscene, profane, and immoral material; they often have satanic or horror themes. However, they "are tongue in cheek, Evil Dead kind of funny"; Ira says that he has "a pretty sick and twisted, over-the-top sense of humour."


13 Flames Empire, Overview
Champions of Hell came out of a horror movie screenplay of the same name that Ira had been working on.


13 Flames Empire, Overview
Zombie Jesus came out of a local filmmaking contest in Victoria, called Scrapshots. The criteria were that the movies had to be done entirely in one shot, with no postproduction whatsoever. Ira entered one called CORPUS DELECTI (THE PASSION OF ZOMBIE JESUS), and surprised everyone by taking first place.


13 Flames Empire, Overview
Undead Inbreds was created by Joel Shelton, with dialog by Ira Hunter and Lawrence Denvir. It debuted at the 2010 San Diego Comic Convention.


13 Flames Empire, Overview
Writing for the comics is done mainly using the Marvel Method of writing with Ira Hunter supplying the outline and the dialog. Sequential artwork for Champions of Hell is provided by Robin Thompson, and artwork for the covers is provided by Tim Vigil of Faust fame.


13 Flames Empire, Overview
The format of 13 Flames Empire's comics is black and white 8"x11" with "bright and violent red covers".


13 Flames Empire, San Diego Comic Convention
13 Flames Empire has had booth H02 in the small press section of the San Diego Comic Convention since 2000. In 2006, Robin Thompson dressed as the 13 Flames Empire character Zombie Jesus and wandered around the convention floor saying "If you love zombies and you love Jesus, then you have to love Zombie Jesus." Later at the Eisner Awards ceremony, Chip Kidd stated that this was his favorite quote that he had overheard at the convention.


13 Flavours of Doom
13 Flavours Of Doom is an album by Canadian hardcore punk band D.O.A. It was released in 1992 on band member Joe Keithley's own record label, Sudden Death Records, and also in the UK on Alternative Tentacles. In spite of its title, the album actually had fourteen tracks – the last one not being numbered on the CD inlay.


13 Flavours of Doom, Track listing
All tracks are written by Joe Keithley, except where noted.


13 Frightened Girls
13 Frightened Girls (also known as The Candy Web) is a 1963 Pathécolor Cold War spy film directed and produced by William Castle. Kathy Dunn stars as a teenage sleuth who finds herself embroiled in international espionage.


13 Frightened Girls
Castle was famous for promoting his films with gimmicks, and this one was no exception. He generated publicity by advertising for girls from 13 countries to compete for parts as daughters of diplomats. Not all of the 15 young actresses were from the countries they represented (i.e. U.S. actress Judy Pace played a Liberian).


13 Frightened Girls, Plot
After a 16-year-old girl Candy Hull (Kathy Dunn) develops a crush on an intelligence agent Wally Sanders (Murray Hamilton), she helps him to uncover a plot against the United States.


13 Frightened Girls, Reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times noted that "The young Mata Hari is vigorously played by pretty Kathy Dunn" and suggested that the film would be a good double bill with another Columbia release, Gidget Goes to Rome. Keith Phipps of The A.V. Club called it "a fun cold war relic".


13 Frightened Girls, Home media
The film was released on DVD in 2009 as part of The William Castle Film Collection. Sony also released a DVD of the film by itself. The film was released on Blu-ray in 2016 by Mill Creek Entertainment as part of a double feature disc with the 1960 William Castle movie '13 Ghosts'.


13 Ghosts
13 Ghosts is a 1960 American supernatural horror film produced and directed by William Castle, written by Robb White, and starring Jo Morrow, Rosemary DeCamp, Martin Milner, Donald Woods, Charles Herbert, and experienced character actress Margaret Hamilton. 13 Ghosts was released in 1960 on a double bill with either 12 to the Moon, The Electronic Monster, or Battle in Outer Space, depending on the film market.


13 Ghosts, Plot
When occultist uncle Dr. Plato Zorba bequeaths a large house to his nephew Cyrus and his impoverished family, they are shocked to find the house is haunted by 12 ghosts. Their furnished residence comes complete with a creepy housekeeper Elaine, and a hidden fortune concealed somewhere on the property.


13 Ghosts, Plot
The spirits include: a wailing lady, clutching hands, a fiery skeleton, an Italian chef continuously murdering his wife and her lover in the kitchen, a hanging lady, an executioner holding a severed head, a fully grown lion with its headless tamer, a floating head, and of Plato Zorba himself, all held captive in the eerie house looking for an unlucky 13th ghost to free them. Dr. Zorba leaves a set of special goggles, the only way of seeing the ghosts.


13 Ghosts, Plot
The executor of Zorba's will, Benjamin Rush, knows of the hidden money and wants it for himself. He tricks Cyrus' son, Buck, into searching for the money secretly, then attempts to kill Buck after the boy finds the cash, using the same method he used to kill Plato Zorba, a 4-poster bed which has been designed to have the canopy crush the body. Zorba's ghost appears driving the terrified Rush under the canopy as Buck wakens and escapes. The next morning, Cyrus and his family count the discovered money and decide to stay in the house. Buck keeps the mask Benjamin used earlier to scare Buck's older sister and Elaine states that the ghosts have left for now, but will be back. The special goggles are blown into smithereens by an unknown force witnessed by Elaine.


13 Ghosts, Illusion-O
As with several of his more famous productions, Castle used a gimmick to promote 13 Ghosts. Audience members were given a choice: the "brave" ones could watch the film and see the ghosts in 3D.


13 Ghosts, Illusion-O
In the theaters most scenes were black-and-white, but scenes involving ghosts were shown in a "process" dubbed "Illusion-O." The filmed elements of the actors and the sets — everything except the ghosts — had a blue filter applied to the footage, while the ghost elements had a red filter and were superimposed over the frame. Audiences received viewers with red and blue cellophane filters. Unlike early 3D glasses, where one eye is red and the other is cyan or blue, the Illusion-O viewer required people to look through a single color with both eyes. Choosing to look through the red filter intensified the images of the ghosts, while the blue filter "removed" them.


13 Ghosts, Illusion-O
Television and home video releases are edited to simulate the effect without the need for special glasses.


13 Ghosts, Reception
Howard Thompson of The New York Times called the film "a simple, old-fashioned haunted house yarn" that "would be a lot better off without this gimmick." Variety wrote, "The idea is sound and exploitable, but the execution doesn't fully come off," explaining the ghosts "lack personality and aren't frightening, so that there isn't sufficient tension in the sequences during which the 'ghost viewer' comes into play." The Monthly Film Bulletin called it "a workmanlike but not very frightening horror film ... the ghosts, which are a dull red colour, are far less effective when witnessed than when their presence is merely suggested, especially when their viewability depends on a process as unremarkable as Illusion-O."


13 Ghosts, Remake
The film was remade in 2001 with a spelled-out title, Thirteen Ghosts, and was directed by Steve Beck. Like the original, the film was distributed by Columbia Pictures, except in the United States and Canada, where it was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.


13 Going on 30
13 Going on 30 (released as Suddenly 30 in some countries) is a 2004 American fantasy romantic comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa, directed by Gary Winick, and starring Jennifer Garner. It follows a 13-year-old girl who dreams of being popular. During her birthday party, she is humiliated by her classmates and wishes that she was 30 years old. Shortly after wishing this, she awakens, 30 years old and in 2004, uncertain how she got there.


13 Going on 30
The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Garner's performance and its nostalgic environment. It was also praised for its humorous plot and self-empowering message. The film was also a commercial success, earning $22 million in its first week and grossing over $96 million, becoming one of the year's biggest-selling DVD rental titles. Additionally, the soundtrack charted inside the top 50 on the US Billboard 200 chart. Garner's acting earned her nominations from both the MTV Movie Awards and the Teen Choice Awards.


13 Going on 30, Plot
In 1987, geeky Jenna Rink yearns to be popular, but can only persuade the "Six Chicks" – the ruling clique led by "Tom-Tom" – to attend her 13th-birthday party by doing their homework. Jenna's best friend, Matt "Matty" Flamhaff, who likes her, gifts her a pink dollhouse he made himself, and a packet of "magic wishing dust" he sprinkles on the dollhouse roof.


13 Going on 30, Plot
The Six Chicks arrive with the cutest boys in class, and trick Jenna into playing "seven minutes in heaven". While Jenna waits blindfolded in a closet, expecting to kiss one of the boys, the Six Chicks and the boys leave with their completed homework, and Matty finds Jenna alone. Humiliated, she tearfully wishes to be "30, flirty, and thriving", as the wishing dust falls on her. The next morning, Jenna awakens in a luxurious Fifth Avenue apartment – her wish has come true - it is now 2004, and Jenna is 30, with no memory of the intervening 17 years.


13 Going on 30, Plot
Jenna discovers she works as an editor for her favorite fashion magazine Poise, with her co-editor and best friend, Lucy Wyman. Poise has been scooped so often by rival magazine Sparkle that editor-in-chief Richard believes someone is tipping them off. Jenna finds Matty's address and races to Greenwich Village where the adult Matt, a struggling photographer, is unable to fill her in on her past, as she apparently had become the head of the "Six Chicks" and stopped speaking to him. Lucy is revealed to be the adult Tom-Tom, having had plastic surgery.


13 Going on 30, Plot
While delighting in her freedom, Jenna stumbles through adult life, learning enough to advise the 13-year-olds she prefers to spend time with. She saves a dull and awkward Poise party by leading the guests, including Matt, in an impromptu "Thriller" line dance. The following night, he introduces Jenna to his fiancée, Wendy. Her slowly emerging past reveals that the adult Jenna is nothing like the sweet, shy girl she was before - the adult Jenna plagiarizes ideas, refuses to speak to her parents, and had office sex with a co-worker's husband. The struggling magazine is forced to redesign, and Jenna overhears Lucy planning to cut her out of her redesign presentation.


13 Going on 30, Plot
Jenna returns to her childhood home in New Jersey, weeping in the same closet and reuniting with her parents. She apologizes to Matt, and hires him for her yearbook-inspired redesign photoshoot. Even though Wendy is eager for Matt to move to Chicago, he and Jenna begin to fall for each other.


13 Going on 30, Plot
Jenna's plans to save Poise are a rousing success, while Lucy's presentation fails. Lucy lies to Matt, claiming Jenna decided not to use his photos. While looking for Matt to deliver the good news, Jenna finds Wendy, who reveals that their wedding is the next day. Richard informs Jenna that Lucy has become the new editor-in-chief of Sparkle after presenting them with Jenna's material, including Matt's photographs. Jenna confronts Lucy, who scornfully reveals that Jenna was the one conspiring with Sparkle and sabotaging Poise; Lucy merely stole the job Jenna was to receive.


13 Going on 30, Plot
Jenna rushes to Matt's childhood home, where the wedding will soon be underway. She declares that she is not the bad person she seems to be and begs Matt to give their relationship a chance. Matt realizes though that Jenna is from the past and although he still cares for her, too much time has passed, but returns to Jenna the dollhouse he made her that he has kept for the past 17 years, and confesses that he has always loved her. As Jenna sits outside with the dollhouse, she looks inside to see a young Matt and herself. She begins to cry as the wedding begins, but as she cries, remnants of the wishing dust begins to swirl around her.


13 Going on 30, Plot
Jenna reawakens to find herself back in 1987 on her 13th birthday. This time, when Matt finds her alone in the closet, she embraces and kisses him, and realizes that Lucy was never a true friend. She rips up the homework she did for them and with this second chance, Jenna lives the intervening 17 years differently, with her and Matt emerging in 2004 as a newly married couple. They share their favorite childhood candy, Razzles, while moving into a pink house identical to the dollhouse.


13 Going on 30, Cast
Garner filmed the picture while on break from filming her TV series Alias. Christa B. Allen, who portrays 13-year-old Jenna, would later "reprise" her role as a younger version of Jennifer Garner by portraying the teenaged version of Jenny Perotti in Ghosts of Girlfriends Past.


13 Going on 30, Production
In October 2002, American director Gary Winick was in negotiations to direct 13 Going on 30. It was also announced that Susan Arnold and Donna Arkoff Roth were producing the project with the writers' manager, Gina Matthews. On May 13, 2003, it was reported that filming for the movie was underway in Los Angeles on Revolution Studios. It was filmed in Los Angeles, California, New York City, and South Pasadena, California. Interiors shots were filmed in Los Angeles. The crew moved to New York City, where they shot exteriors for 17 days. Principal photography took place from May to November 2003. Written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa, the script was "polished" by Niels Mueller (who lost an initial writing credit in a subsequent dispute arbitrated by the Writers Guild of America).


13 Going on 30, Production
American actress Jennifer Garner was cast for the movie's lead role. In order to film the picture, Garner shot it while on break from filming her TV series Alias. Gwyneth Paltrow, Hilary Swank, and Renée Zellweger were all considered for the lead role. Judy Greer was cast to play Lucy, Garner's best friend; Kathy Baker and Phil Reeves were invited to be Garner's mother and father, respectively. Later, Andy Serkis was selected to play Garner's boss; while Samuel Ball was announced as Garner's boyfriend.


13 Going on 30, Production
Christa B. Allen, who portrayed 13-year-old Jenna, later "reprised" her role as a younger version of Jennifer Garner by portraying the teenaged version of Jenny Perotti in Ghosts of Girlfriends Past. In October 2016, it was announced 13 Going on 30 was going to be adapted on Broadway in late 2017, but as 2017 came and went, no such adaptation ever occurred.


13 Going on 30, Music, Soundtrack
The 13 Going on 30 soundtrack was released on April 20, 2004 from Hollywood Records. The album mostly contains music from the 1980s with a range of hits from famous recording artists such as Talking Heads, Billy Joel, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Pat Benatar and Whitney Houston. There is also a handful of songs performed by contemporary artists, such as Tatu and Liz Phair. It was released on April 20, 2004 by Hollywood Records.


13 Going on 30, Music, Other songs featured in the film
The songs "Breathe" by Michelle Branch and "Iris" by the Goo Goo Dolls were featured in promotional trailers, but were not featured in the movie or on the soundtrack.


13 Going on 30, Release, Home media
The film became one of the five biggest DVD rentals of the year, with over $57 million in rentals alone according to the Internet Movie Database. The film's success on DVD granted it a re-release (The Fun and Flirty Edition) in 2006 with special packaging. The picture grossed $96,455,697, going on to become one of the year's biggest DVD rentals and sellers. The Blu-ray version of 13 Going on 30 was released on January 20, 2009.


13 Going on 30, Reception, Box office
The film opened on April 23, 2004, with an initial box office take of US$22 million in its first weekend, debuting at number 2, almost tied with Denzel Washington's thriller Man on Fire. In its second week, it dropped to number 3, earning US$10 million. In its third week, it fell to number 5, earning US$5.5 million. In its fourth week, it took sixth place with an estimated $4.2 million. In its fifth week, it only fell to number 7, with an estimated $2.5 million. In its sixth week, the film fell to number 9, earning $1 million. It ended with nearly $60 million at the domestic box office.


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 65% based on reviews from 179 critics, with an average rating of 6.20/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Although the plot leaves a lot to be desired, 13 Going on 30 will tug at your inner teenager's heartstrings thanks in large part to a dazzling performance from Jennifer Garner." On Metacritic the film has a score of 57% based on reviews from 35 critics, indicating "Mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade A-, on a scale of A to F.


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a very positive review with a grade of "A-", writing "13 Going on 30 is the rare commercial comedy that leaves you entranced by what can happen only in the movies." Gleiberman also praised Jennifer Garner's performance, writing: "She cuts out all traces of adult consciousness, of irony and flirtation and manipulation, reducing herself to a keen, goggle-eyed earnestness that's utterly beguiling." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote: "The possibilities of Jenna's confusion are exploited for full comic effect.


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Garner, who turns out to be a charming, abandoned comedian, makes Jenna's incredulousness and innocence very funny and occasionally even touching." Joe Leydon of Variety also praised her performance, writing "Garner throws herself so fully and effectively into the role that in a few key scenes, she vividly conveys Jenna's high spirits and giddy pleasure through the graceful curling of her toes." Leydon praised the director Gary Winick for "bringing a fresh spin to most of the script's clichés and emphasizing nuggets of emotional truth provided by Goldsmith and Yuspa."


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe wrote that "The movie is tailor-made for women who openly lust for dream houses, dream jobs, and dream hubbies." He also wrote that "the best stuff involves the childhood preamble. (The young actors playing Jenna, Matt, and Lucy are terrific.) Those moments feel painfully, comically true."


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, commenting, "This romantic comedy is intended as a cautionary fairy tale. The silly humor works with the movie's gentle message of self-empowerment and avoids sappiness in a tender interlude where the adult Jenna returns to her childhood home. Amusing, charming and pleasantly nostalgic, 13 Going on 30 should fall easily onto moviegoers' wish lists." Mick Martin and Marsha Porter's 2005 DVD and Video Guide called it a "shameless rip-off of the Tom Hanks' classic Big", adding that it was "weak, but predictable and is sparked by the excellent performance of Jennifer Garner".


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times wrote: "The performances give the movie more flavor and life than the situation does; it often feels like prechewed Bubble Yum. The message of the plot is that a lack of sophistication is the key to success, even at a fashion magazine that attracts readers through sexy exhibitionism. The movie would have shown some daring savvy if it had played more with the role-playing aspect of fashion spreads. Instead, it is content to eat its retro snack cake and have it, too."


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it 2 out of 4 and wrote: "You buy the magic because it comes with the territory. What I couldn't buy was the world of the magazine office, and the awkward scenes in which high-powered professionals don't seem to notice that they're dealing with a 13-year-old mind." Andrea Gronvall of the Chicago Reader wrote that "The formula works, thanks in large part to star Jennifer Garner, who's so radiant theaters should be stocking sunblock.


13 Going on 30, Reception, Critical response
Underlying the shenanigans and the pop-psychology moral—self-love is a prerequisite for true love—there's a touching wistfulness about roads not taken." Jorge Morales of The Village Voice commented: "The thirtysomething in me was all, gag me with a spoon, but the kid in me was like, this movie's rad to the max."


13 Going on 30, Reception, Accolades
Garner was nominated for MTV Movie Award and Teen Choice awards for her role as Jenna Rink.


13 Great Stories of Science Fiction
13 Great Stories of Science Fiction is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Groff Conklin. It was first published in paperback by Fawcett Gold Medal in May 1960 and reprinted by Fawcett Gold Medal in September 1962, 1964, December 1969, and July 1979. The first hardcover edition was published by White Lion in 1972. The first British edition was issued by Coronet in 1967 and reprinted in 1972 and 1973.


13 Great Stories of Science Fiction
The book collects thirteen novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, together with an introduction by the editor. The stories were previously published from 1946-1957 in various science fiction and other magazines.


13 Great Stories of Science Fiction, Notes
This article about a collection of science fiction short stories published in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


13 Gården
13 Gården is the sixth studio album by Swedish recording artist Titiyo. It was released on 16 October 2015 on Telegram Records and Warner Music Sweden, marking her first full-length album in seven years. Named after her childhood address in the Solna Municipality, outside of Stockholm, it was Titiyo's first album to be recorded entirely in Swedish language.


13 Hedgehogs (MxBx Singles 1994–1999)
13 Hedgehogs (MxBx Singles 1994–1999) is the first compilation album by Melt-Banana. It features their first 13 singles, EPs and split records on one CD.


13 Hedgehogs (MxBx Singles 1994–1999)
Since Melt-Banana's very first release was a 7-inch EP called Hedgehog they refer to all their minor releases (singles, EPs and splits) as hedgehogs. This contains the first 13, and so far they have released 23 "hedgehogs".


13 Hours (book)
13 Hours: The Inside Account of What Really Happened in Benghazi is a 2014 historical book by American author Mitchell Zuckoff that depicts the terrorist attack by Islamist militants at the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya on September 11, 2012. The book is an account from the point of view of the compound's defenders and does not address any of the political controversy surrounding the attacks.


13 Hours (book), Reception
Karen DeYoung of The Washington Post stated, "Like other recent bestsellers of the Special Operations genre — "Lone Survivor," about a Navy SEAL mission in Afghanistan, or "No Easy Day," about the raid that killed Osama bin Laden — "13 Hours" is an action story that does not dwell on matters of U.S. foreign or security policy, or even the specific cauldron of Libya. It provides little that is new for those still stoking the Benghazi controversy and no real answers to whatever mystery may remain."


13 Hours (book), Reception
Roman Augustoviz of Star Tribune wrote, "'13 Hours' is a jarring narrative at times, but well-flowing. It dwells mostly on the six security operators, who they were, how they prepared for their jobs and how they reacted in a crisis and depended on one another." Glenn C. Altschuler of The Boston Globe   commented, "Zuckoff focuses on the Benghazi security men... 13 Hours is a suspenseful (and often violent) account of their competence and courage, written with the hope that their actions will be "understood on their own terms, outside of partisan or political interests."


13 Hours (book), Film
In 2016, the book was adapted into a major feature film directed by Michael Bay and starring James Badge Dale, John Krasinski, and Max Martini. The film received mixed reviews based on its perceived political stance, but nevertheless grossed a total of $69.4 million worldwide against a production budget of $50 million.


13 Hours by Air
13 Hours by Air (also known as 20 Hours by Air) is a 1936 drama film made by Paramount Pictures and directed by Mitchell Leisen. The film stars Fred MacMurray and Joan Bennett. The screenplay was written by Kenyon Nicholson and Bogart Rogers, based on story Wild Wings by Bogart Rogers and Frank Mitchell Dazey. 13 Hours by Air was also the forerunner of the disaster film, a genre featuring a complex, heavily character-driven ensemble cast film, exploring the personal dramas and interactions that develop among the passengers and crew as they deal with a deadly onboard emergency.


13 Hours by Air, Plot
Airline pilot Jack Gordon (Fred MacMurray) on a flight from New York to San Francisco, is immediately attracted to beautiful passenger Felice Rollins (Joan Bennett). Known as a "lady's man", he bets stewardess Vi Johnson (Ruth Donnelly) that he will take Felice out to dinner that evening. A jewel robbery is in the news and a beautiful blonde is implicated, with Jack suspecting that Felice may be the culprit. On a stop over in Chicago, Jack learns instead that his passenger is a wealthy socialite at odds with another passenger, Count Stephani (Fred Keating). Jack worries that he may have a crisis involving the Count when he finds Stephani has a gun aboard. Other passengers include Dr. Evarts (Brian Donlevy) and Curtis Palmer (Alan Baxter), both of whom seem to be harboring a secret.


13 Hours by Air, Plot
Felice is trying to get to San Francisco in order to prevent her sister from marrying the Count's brother, but the flight runs into bad weather. Jack and Freddie Scott (John Howard), his co-pilot, are persuaded to fly on, but are eventually forced to make an emergency landing. Dr. Evarts tells Jack he is a federal agent pursuing Palmer, a notorious criminal. Palmer shoots Freddie and Dr. Everts and hijacks the aircraft. Jack manages to overcome Palmer, and with the help of Felice, is able to take off and fly to San Francisco. When the flight lands, he is able to have his dinner with Felice, collecting his bet, knowing that he will need the money for a marriage licence.


13 Hours by Air, Production
Under the working title of 20 Hours by Air, the production changed its name to more closely approximate the actual flying time to fly cross-country in the United States, based on the recent exploits of pilots such as Wiley Post. Filmed at the Alhambra Airport, California, in Cleveland, Ohio, and Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, using United Air Lines Boeing 247 airliners. Second unit filming involved a flight from Newark to Los Angeles to obtain actual footage to be used in the film. An aircraft assigned to the production was also involved in a minor accident.


13 Hours by Air, Production
The pairing of MacMurray and Bennett brought together two dependable leads who worked as Paramount Studios contract players. They were sometimes loaned out to other concerns, but steadily climbed up from films such as 13 Hours by Air to more prestigious fare.


13 Hours by Air, Reception
Film reviewer Frank S. Nugent, in his review for The New York Times, called 13 Hours by Air "pleasant". "... there is no disputing the liveliness of the melodrama. The device of tossing a miscellany of humans and motives together on a bus, plane, train or airliner and letting them work out their destiny is as formular as the Bartender's Guide and has been used as often, but Bogart Rogers's and Frank Mitchell Dazey's story has been screened with a shrewd sense of pace, with a purposeful preservation of suspense and a knack for comic interlude."


13 Hours by Air, Reception
13 Hours by Air is one of over 700 Paramount Productions, filmed between 1929 and 1949, which were sold to MCA/Universal in 1958. The Paramount catalogue was destined for television distribution, and have been owned and controlled by Universal ever since.


13 Hours in Islamabad
"13 Hours in Islamabad" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American television drama series Homeland, and the 46th episode overall. It premiered on Showtime on December 7, 2014.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Plot
Carrie (Claire Danes) and Saul (Mandy Patinkin) are pulled from the damaged van by the Marines, but John Redmond (Michael O'Keefe) didn't survive. Quinn (Rupert Friend) uses the radio to ask the Marines to return, but Taliban soldiers shoot from nearby buildings, pinning them down. Martha (Laila Robins), Dennis (Mark Moses), and Lockhart (Tracy Letts) hide in the vault, a secure lockdown room, with a package containing the names of all CIA informants in Pakistan. Haissam Haqqani (Numan Acar) and his Taliban soldiers arrive. They gun down many embassy personnel and keep the survivors as hostages.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Plot
As Marines are hit around Carrie, she phones Col. Aasar Khan (Raza Jaffrey), asking him to send the Pakistani military. However, Tasneem Qureishi (Nimrat Kaur) reveals that the ISI is helping the Taliban, to Khan's disapproval. Tasneem asks Khan to delay the soldiers by 10 minutes.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Plot
Quinn and a Marine succeed in killing some of the Taliban. Haqqani goes to the vault and demands it be opened and demands the package of informants. He executes several embassy personnel. Against Martha's wishes, Lockhart yields and opens the vault. The package is handed over. However, Haqqani executes Fara Sherazi (Nazanin Boniadi) regardless. Before he can execute the others, Quinn and the Marine open fire on the group; Haqqani is wounded but escapes. Carrie, Saul, and the bodies of Marines are brought back to the embassy by the Pakistani military.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Plot
The White House cuts relations with Pakistan and prepares to evacuate the surviving embassy personnel. Dennis asks Martha for a belt to commit suicide with, in order to lower the impact on Martha's career, but he changes his mind. Max grieves over Fara's death. Quinn decides to take matters into his own hands. He abducts Farhad Ghazi, the ISI agent who kidnapped Saul, and prepares to torture him in a warehouse. Carrie is given permission to stay behind for five more days, in order to find Quinn and bring him home.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Production
The episode was directed by Dan Attias and written by series co-creators Alex Gansa and Howard Gordon.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Reception, Ratings
The original broadcast of the episode was watched by 1.95 million viewers, an increase of over 200,000 from the previous episode.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Reception, Critical response
"13 Hours in Islamabad" received critical acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating from critics based on 13 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Homeland continues to impress this season, as "13 Hours in Islamabad" is a tense, action-packed installment that features outstanding performances and some shocking plot turns."


13 Hours in Islamabad, Reception, Critical response
Joshua Alston of The A.V. Club graded the episode an "A-", stating "'13 Hours In Islamabad' is the liveliest, most startling, and emotionally bruising episode in the show's post-Brody phase." IGN writer Scott Collura gave the episode a high score of 9 out of 10 (signifying "amazing") and wrote "Homeland continues to thrill this season with another tense episode that killed off a couple of well-liked supporting characters while also taking others to gratifying new places."


13 Hours in Islamabad, Reception, Critical response
A former intelligence expert noted numerous issues with the behaviour of characters in the episode, noting the real-life training that embassy staff and CIA officers receive which is designed to prevent some of the scenarios depicted in the episode.


13 Hours in Islamabad, Reception, Accolades
For this episode, Dan Attias was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Drama Series.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi
13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi (also known simply as 13 Hours) is a 2016 American action thriller film directed and produced by Michael Bay and written by Chuck Hogan, based on Mitchell Zuckoff's 2014 book of the same name. The film follows six members of Annex Security Team who fought to defend the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya after waves of attacks by militants on September 11, 2012. The film stars James Badge Dale, John Krasinski, Pablo Schreiber, Max Martini, David Denman and Dominic Fumusa with supporting roles by Toby Stephens, Alexia Barlier and David Costabile.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi
Filming began on April 27, 2015 in Malta and Morocco. Known colloquially as "the Benghazi movie", the film was released on January 15, 2016, by Paramount Pictures. Upon release, 13 Hours grossed $69 million worldwide against a production budget of $50 million (not including advertising and distribution), becoming Bay's lowest-grossing film to date, and received mixed reviews from critics. While the film was praised for its acting performances, action sequences, and dark tone, the script was criticized for its historical liberties. Bay's direction also received a mixed response, with many criticizing his emphasis on over-the-top action, but some also noting it as one of his most mature and grounded films.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi
The film received an Oscar nomination for Best Sound Mixing at the 89th Academy Awards.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
In 2012, Benghazi in Libya is named one of the most dangerous places in the world, and countries have pulled their diplomatic offices out of the country in fear of an attack by militants. The United States still has a diplomatic compound, not an official consulate, open in the city. Less than a mile away is a CIA outpost, "the Annex," which is protected by a team of private military contractors from Global Response Staff (GRS).


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
New to the detail is Jack Silva, who arrives in Benghazi and is picked up by Tyrone "Rone" Woods, the commander of the GRS team and a personal friend of Silva. Arriving at the Annex, Silva is introduced to the rest of the GRS team and the CIA Chief of Station, who constantly gives the team strict reminders to never engage the citizens.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
Prior to the US Ambassador's arrival, the GRS team members visit the Special Mission, where the Ambassador will be staying. They review the location and warn its Diplomatic Security (DS) agents about the risk of minimal-security arrangements and the high probability of a surprise attack due its volatile circumstances.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
US Ambassador Chris Stevens arrives in Benghazi to maintain diplomatic connections amid the political and social chaos, with limited protection from five DS agents, principally Scott Wickland and Dave Ubben, along with guards hired from the local February 17th Martyrs Brigade militia, nicknamed "17-Feb." On the morning of the eleventh anniversary of the September 11 attacks, Stevens notices suspicious men taking pictures of the compound and notifies his security detail. Back at the Annex, Silva finds out that his wife is pregnant.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
That night, a group of militants from Ansar al-Sharia assault the compound. The 17-Feb guards are quickly overrun, which allows the attackers easy access to the compound. Wickland takes Stevens and Smith, an IT specialist, to the safe room. Unable to breach the safe room, the attackers set the building on fire hoping to burn the men out. Wickland escapes but loses both Stevens and Smith. At the Annex, the GRS team desperately wants to go to the compound to help, but the Chief refuses for fear that the team's departure would expose the Annex.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
However, the team dispatches to the compound and meets up with the DS agents. Silva and Woods enter the building searching for Stevens and Smith but find only Smith's body. After an intense firefight inside the compound against the militants, the DS team retreats, but after Wickland goes the wrong way, they are followed by militants on their way back to the Annex. Later, the GRS team also retreats to the Annex.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
Knowing that an attack by the militants is imminent, the CIA staff of the Annex makes several desperate calls for help, but only Glen "Bub" Doherty, a GRS officer in Tripoli, helps. He forms a team, including two Delta operators, that flies to Benghazi after several delays. Meanwhile, the GRS team fends off the militants as they try to breach the Annex perimeter. After repelling the largest attack wave, the Annex receives word from ISR that help is coming.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
The Tripoli GRS reinforcements arrive and begin to prepare the CIA and DS staff for their departure to the airport. The militants launch a mortar attack in which DS agent Ubben and GRS team member Geist are wounded, and Geist's left arm is partially severed. Woods rushes to aid Geist and is killed by another mortar round. Doherty is also killed when a third mortar detonates directly in front of him.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
With the GRS team compromised and the Annex now vulnerable, the remaining GRS operators watch as a convoy of vehicles rolls toward the Annex. Fearing the worst, the operators prepare to make a final stand until it is revealed that the convoy is an element of the Libya Shield Force militia that is escorting the GRS reinforcements. They also find out that Stevens had been found behind the compound but was pronounced dead at the hospital.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Plot
At the airport, the CIA staff and the wounded Geist board the plane to Tripoli while the remainder of the GRS team waits for the next plane with the bodies of Stevens, Smith, Woods, and Doherty. Closing titles reveal that all of the surviving members of the Annex security team received contractor medals at a private ceremony, have since retired from the GRS team, and live with their families and that Geist was able to save his arm after several surgeries.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Production, Development
On February 10, 2014, it was announced that Paramount Pictures was in talks with 3 Arts Entertainment to acquire the film rights to the book 13 Hours, written by Mitchell Zuckoff, with Erwin Stoff to produce. Chuck Hogan was set to adapt the book, based on the true events of the Benghazi attack by militants on the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya, on the evening of September 11, 2012. The film would focus on six members of a security team that fought to defend the Americans stationed there. On October 29, 2014, Michael Bay was set to direct and produce the thriller.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Production, Casting
On January 14, 2015, John Krasinski was cast in the film, to play one of the lead roles, a former US Navy SEAL. On February 3, Pablo Schreiber also signed on to star in the film, playing Kris "Tanto" Paronto, one of the six-man security team. On February 6, James Badge Dale was set to star, as the leader of the security team. Max Martini was cast as another member of the security team on February 17, 2015. David Denman signed on to star in the film on March 3, 2015, playing Boon, an elite sniper.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Production, Casting
On March 5, 2015, THR reported that Dominic Fumusa also signed on, to play John "Tig" Tiegen, one of the members of the security team, who is also a former Marine with weapons expertise. Freddie Stroma was added to the cast on March 17, 2015 to play the role of an undercover CIA officer in Libya. On May 7, 2015, Toby Stephens was set to play Glen "Bub" Doherty, another of the security team members.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Production, Filming
Principal photography began on April 27, 2015 in Malta and Morocco. A large film set was built in March 2015 in Ta' Qali, Malta at .


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Release
On June 30, 2015, Paramount announced that the new title would be 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, and set the film to be released on January 15, 2016, on the MLK Holiday weekend. The film premiered on January 12, 2016, at the AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, benefiting the Shadow Warriors Project, which supports private military security personnel and other groups.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Release
Unusual for a major American film, the film was given only a limited release in Canada during its American wide opening weekend, playing in select theatres in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary and Ottawa. The film expanded to a wide release in Canadian theatres the following weekend, January 22–24.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Release
Paramount specifically marketed the film to conservatives, in a method similar to previous films Lone Survivor and American Sniper, both of which had beaten box office expectations. This included screening the film for key Republican Party figures in order to generate endorsement quotations.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Release, Home media
13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 7, 2016. Likely due to a boost from the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, the film made $40 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales by August 2016.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Release, Home media
13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on June 11, 2019.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Box office
13 Hours grossed $52.9 million in North America and $16.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $69.4 million, against a production budget of $50 million, making it Michael Bay's lowest-grossing directorial film to-date.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Box office
The film was projected to earn around $20 million in its four-day Martin Luther King weekend debut. It faced competition from fellow newcomer Ride Along 2, as well as holdovers The Revenant and Star Wars: The Force Awakens. Other films in a similar vein that had opened on the MLK weekend in previous years, American Sniper ($107.2 million in 2015) and Lone Survivor ($37.8 million in 2014), found success, although they had faced weaker competition, and were considered less politically divisive. However, The Hollywood Reporter noted that the film could outperform expectations if it was buoyed by waves of patriotism. The film made $900,000 from 1,995 theaters during its Thursday previews and $16.2 million in its opening weekend, finishing fourth at the box office. The film added 528 theaters in its second weekend and grossed $9 million, a 39.8% drop.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Critical response
13 Hours received mixed reviews from critics, though some viewed it as a welcomed tame effort from Michael Bay. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 51% based on 222 reviews, with an average rating of 5.60/10. The site's consensus reads, "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi is a comparatively mature and restrained effort from Michael Bay, albeit one that can't quite boast the impact its fact-based story deserves." On Metacritic the film has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Critical response
Soren Andersen, writing for The Seattle Times, gave the film 3 stars out of 4, criticizing the lack of distinctive characters but ultimately summarizing 13 Hours as "engrossing" and "a ground-level depiction of heroism in the midst of the fog of war". Richard Roeper similarly praised 13 Hours in his review for the Chicago Sun-Times. Although he lamented the script, Roeper found the film to be a "solid action thriller with well-choreographed battle sequences and strong work from the ensemble cast". Like Roeper's review, New York Daily News' Joe Dziemianowicz was less receptive toward the script, but applauded the film's focus on the real-life attack, summarizing: "War is gritty here, not glamorous... [ Michael Bay] delivers a gripping, harrowing, and heartfelt film."


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Critical response
In a mixed review, Inkoo Kang of TheWrap praised 13 Hours for its action scenes, but panned Bay's direction as "myopic". She writes, "13 Hours is the rare Michael Bay movie that wasn't made with teenage boys in mind. But that doesn't make his latest any less callously juvenile." Lindsey Bahr of the Associated Press was critical of the film's direction and cinematography, and found the screenplay to be confusing. Similarly, The Economist described the film as "a sleek, poorly scripted and largely meaningless film".


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Libyan response
The film caused controversy in Libya. Many Libyans believed it ignored the contributions of local people who attempted to save the US ambassador. Libya's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Salah Belnaba, denounced the film's portrayal of the Libyan people and described it as "fanatical and ignorant." Culture and Information Minister, Omar Gawaari, also criticized the film saying: "the movie shows the US contractors who actually failed to secure the ambassador [...] as heroes", adding that Michael Bay "turned America's failure to protect its own citizens in a fragile state into a typical action movie all about American heroism".


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Reception, Accolades
At the 89th Academy Awards, 13 Hours received a nomination for Best Sound Mixing. However, Greg P. Russell (one of the four nominees from the film) had his nomination rescinded when it was discovered that he had contacted voters for the award by telephone in violation of campaigning regulations.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Historical accuracy
The film's historical accuracy has been disputed. In the film's most controversial scene, the CIA chief in Benghazi (identified only as "Bob") tells the military contractors there when they seek permission to go defend the embassy to "stand down" and thus denies them permission. The real-life CIA chief stated that there was no stand-down order, but multiple sources who were willing to identify themselves have refuted the still-unnamed CIA chief. However, no help was sent even though officials at the highest levels had found out about the attack within the first few hours out of the 13. Also, the National Review commentator David French argues that the Senate committee cited above found plenty of evidence of the "stand down" order in the form of personal testimony from multiple witnesses but chose to rule that the contrary testimony outweighed it.


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Historical accuracy
Kris "Tanto" Paronto, a CIA contractor who was involved in action during the event, said, "We were told to 'stand down'. Those words were used verbatim—100 percent. If the truth of it affects someone's political career? Well, I'm sorry. It happens." The CIA base chief portrayed in the film has directly contradicted Paronto's claims, saying "There never was a stand-down order.... At no time did I ever second-guess that the team would depart."


13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, Historical accuracy
Also disputed is the film's portrayal that air support was denied. A House Armed Services Committee report found that air support was unavailable or that it would have arrived too late to make a difference.


13 JG 52
13. Staffel (slowakisches) Jagdgeschwader 52 (13. (slovak)/ JG 52) was a front-line unit of the Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe made up of Slovak personnel during World War II.


13 JG 52
They operated on the Eastern Front using Messerschmitt Bf 109s (E,F and G), between 1941 and 1943.


13 JG 52, Formation
The 13th Fighter Flight of the Slovak Air Force was formed in late 1939 as part of a re-organisation of the Air Force to cope with reducing manpower as Czech personnel left for the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It was equipped with Avia B-534 biplane fighters. In July 1941, Slovakia sent troops to Ukraine to take part in the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Air Force, including the 13th Fighter Flight, was sent into the Soviet Union in support of the Slovak ground forces.


13 JG 52, Formation
The Slovak fighters escorted Slovak Letov Š-328s and German Henschel Hs 126 reconnaissance aircraft, and attacked ground targets during the advance towards Kiev, but the Slovaks had problems supporting the B-534s owing to shortages of spares and the special fuel used by the fighter's engine, and the 13th Fighter Flight was withdrawn back to Slovakia in August 1941.


13 JG 52, Operations with the Luftwaffe
On 25 February 1942 18 Slovak pilots were sent to Karup, Denmark for conversion training to the Bf 109. In July that year, the pilots returned to Slovakia, where they joined the 13th Fighter Flight based at Piešťany. After re-equipping with Bf 109Es diverted from the Luftwaffe, on 27 October the 13th Flight was deployed to the Eastern Front, where it was attached to the German fighter Geschwader, Jagdgeschwader 52, becoming its 13th Staffel, or 13. (Slow)/JG 52. The unit, equipped with 12 Bf 109Es, operated over the Crimea and the Kuban. It made its first aerial claim on 28 November 1942 when a pair of Bf 109s attacked nine Polikarpov I-153 biplanes, the Slovaks claiming three without loss.


13 JG 52, Operations with the Luftwaffe
In January 1943, as the Bf 109E was becoming increasingly obsolete, the unit received more modern Bf 109Fs on loan from the Luftwaffe, and in March these were supplemented by Bf 109Gs. As these aircraft were on loan, they retained standard German markings, distinguished by white, red and blue propeller spinners.


13 JG 52, Operations with the Luftwaffe
13 Staffel flew some 2000 sorties while part of JG 52, claiming between 204 and 215 enemy aircraft shot down, for the loss of seven pilots killed, although the claims may have been exaggerated for propaganda purposes, it being stated post-war by surviving pilots that most of the victories had been fabricated. Three of the unit's pilots defected to the Soviets. The leading aces were Ján Režňák with 32 confirmed victories and Izidor Kovárik with 28 confirmed victories.


13 JG 52, Return to Slovakia
The Slovak unit, which was suffering from poor morale, was withdrawn back to Slovakia in October 1943, leaving the Luftwaffe-owned Bf 109Fs and Gs with JG 52. The 13th Fighter Flight was equipped with a mixture of Bf 109Es and Avia B-534s on its return to Slovakia, where it was based at Vajnory and then Piešťany, tasked with the defense of Bratislava. It re-equipped with factory-fresh Bf 109G-6s in early 1944, operating under the control of the Jagdfliegerführer Ostmark (Fighter Leader Austria).


13 JG 52, Return to Slovakia
On 26 June 1944 eight Bf 109s of the 13 Fighter Flight engaged an American heavy bomber formation near Bratislava. They  managed to shoot down a B-24, and damaging two others before five 109s were shot down by the escorts and two more badly damaged. Three pilots were killed, including the unit commander. These losses virtually wiped out the 13th Fighter Flight, and its surviving aircraft were transferred to the 12th Fighter Flight. This was itself disbanded when German forces disarmed Slovak forces as a result of the Slovak National Uprising.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks
The 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of simultaneous bombings and shootings that killed 93 people and wounded over 300 others. The attacks were carried out in seven different locations throughout Iraq.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Background
Extra security had been put in place to cope with the large crowds of pilgrims expected in Baghdad. Two days before the attacks, six people were killed and almost 40 injured in a mortar attack near the Moussa al-Kadhim shrine.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Attacks
Most of the attacks were car bombings and appeared to be aimed primarily at Shi'ite pilgrims gathered to commemorate the death of imam Moussa al-Kadhim. The first car bomb, aimed at a group of pilgrims, exploded in Taji, a town north of Baghdad. It was followed by four blasts across Baghdad. According to an eyewitness, the bombs were aimed at pilgrims but also killed people working in the area. In all, ten blasts were reported across the Baghdad area.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Attacks
Two bombs in Hilla appear to have been aimed at security forces. The perpetrators targeted a restaurant frequented by police, killing 22 people and leaving 38 wounded. According to eyewitness reports, the car bomb was detonated right as a minibus full of police officers pulled up to the restaurant. "It's heart-breaking. It's just sirens, and screams of wounded people," remarked an eyewitness.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Attacks
In Kirkuk three bombs exploded, with one targeting the headquarters of Kurdish President Massoud Barzani. A civilian was killed in that explosion. Two car bombs exploded near simultaneously in Balad, north of the capital, killing seven pilgrims and injuring 34 others. Bombings were also reported in Mosul and Karbala. Three federal policemen were shot dead by unidentified gunmen in the Baghdad's Saidyiah district.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Perpetrators
There were no immediate claims of responsibility for the bombings. However, reports suggested the participation of the Islamic State of Iraq, as the attacks mostly appeared to target Shi'ite pilgrims.


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Reactions, Domestic
The speaker for the Iraqi parliament Usama al-Nujayfi called the attacks a "move to provoke sectarian strife". Dhia al-Wakeel, the Baghdad military command spokesperson, said that while the attacks are intended to initiate clashes between sects, "Iraqis are fully aware of the terrorism agenda and will not slip into a sectarian conflict".


13 June 2012 Iraq attacks, Reactions, Domestic
Abdul-Sataar al-Jumaili, of the Sunni-majority political bloc Iraqiya, was quoted by journalists as saying that the "violent acts reflect the depth of the political crisis in the country and the escalation of political differences among blocks".


13 Kensington Palace Gardens
13 Kensington Palace Gardens, also known as Harrington House, is the former London townhouse of the Earls of Harrington. It is now the official residence of the Russian Ambassador. There were earlier Harrington Houses in London, located at Craig's Court, Charing Cross and at Stable Yard, St James's.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Construction
The land on which Harrington House is constructed previously belonged to the gardens of Kensington Palace. In 1841, an Act of Parliament allowed 28 acres of the palace's kitchen garden to be divided from the palace's gardens; two rows of "rich private residences" were then constructed on this street, which would come to be known as Kensington Palace Gardens.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Construction
No. 13, Harrington House, was constructed for Leicester Stanhope, 5th Earl of Harrington, who is described as "an important landowner in South Kensington". Lord Harrington had applied for permission to build in March 1851. He was granted the lease of the plot until 1942 (91 years), for a rent of £147 a year, on condition that before January 1853, he construct a house costing no less than £6,000. Construction began in October 1851 and by July 1853, the Earl was living at the house.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Critical appraisal
Harrington House was one of the largest houses on the road and was constructed in the Earl's favourite Gothic style; it cost around £15,000 to construct. The exterior of the house was designed by Decimus Burton, following plans sketched by the Earl. Works were carried out under the supervision of Charles James Richardson, who was the surveyor to the Earl's South Kensington estate. Details and the final plans are thought to have been left to Richardson; he did, however, acknowledge the "great measure" the Earl was involved in the design.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Critical appraisal
Richardson was not entirely complimentary of the Earl's contributions, pointing out that the flat outline of the building and low roofs were not usually part of the Gothic style. He also criticised the windows, complaining they were "more eccentric than beautiful" and blasting the use of "common sash frames". Richardson also moaned that despite the Earl spending over double what he was required to, he spent as little as possible on decoration, leading to an interior that was "very plain".


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Critical appraisal
Richardson's criticisms were by no means isolated; contemporary publications lambasted the house for being "by no means elegant" and "somewhat German in character". One particularly harsh criticism stated: "Were I to express my opinion of it without reserve, I should be compelled to make use of language and epithets which, however justly merited, would be deemed as illiberal as they would be disagreeable... Instead of "repose" we have actual torture — the very thumbscrew of design."


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Critical appraisal
Richardson did however defend the building's "convenience, comfort and complete suitability for all domestic purposes". Lord Harrington seems to have been happy with his house, thanking Richardson for building him "a house without a fault".


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Appearance and layout
The house is built using "buff-coloured bricks with Bath stone dressings" and has a symmetrical front facade. The house has two principal stories, a ground level "part storey" (which originally contained the female servants' quarters), and a 14-foot high fireproof basement which extended under the courtyard to the rear of the house. The front entrance of the house is a three-storey tower, originally topped with a bell-turret demolished in the 1920s. Above the front entrance is an oriel window and quatrefoil parapet. To the south, the house has a conservatory.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Appearance and layout
From the front door there was a small entrance hall, with a library and dining room either side. The entrance hall lead to the saloon, at the centre of the house, which was two storeys high and topped by a skylight incorporating "embosed and coloured glass" featuring "shields, coats of arms, mottoes and monograms". The saloon originally contained a stone staircase which was replaced with a double oak one in 1924. Also in 1924, the saloon was redecorated in oak panelling, and cantilevered landings added around three sides of the second storey of the room. The saloon was flanked by a serving room (adjacent to the dining room), a dressing room, the second (servants') staircase, and a waiting room.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Appearance and layout
The saloon led onto a large picture gallery at the back of the house, which was flanked either side by two drawing rooms, one of which gave access through to the conservatory.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Appearance and layout
With the exception of the saloon, the rooms were "very plain", the only design features being Gothic cornices. None of the original decorations survive in the principal rooms, however.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Appearance and layout
The basement was 14 feet tall and extended underneath the courtyard to the south of the house: this contained the kitchen, scullery, pastry-room, stillroom, dairy, wash-house, laundry, butler's pantry, steward's room, servants' hall, men's cellars, dust-pit and closets.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Earls of Harrington, Appearance and layout
The property remained with the Stanhope family (Earls of Harrington) until the First World War. The inscription "Harrington House" remained over the door until the Soviet Embassy took possession, at which time it was painted over and replaced with the number 13.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Current use
For 50 years prior to the United Kingdom suspending its relations with the USSR in May 1927, the Russian Embassy had been located at Chesham House, close to Belgrave Square at the corner of Chesham Place and Lyall Street. With the reestablishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1929, a new home was needed.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Current use
In 1924, Sir Lewis Richardson, a South African millionaire businessman, acquired Harrington House. Following designs by Sidney Parvin, Sir Lewis spent over £25,000 altering the house. These alterations including the demolition of the house's bell-turret, changing the windows of the conservatory, and replacing the original sloping roof with a flat one. Sir Lewis also made "considerable changes" inside the house. Despite the work he undertook, Sir Lewis offered the house to the United Kingdom in 1930 for use as the Soviet Embassy, donating the house to the British Crown.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Current use
The Russian Embassy is currently located further down the road, at numbers 4–5 Kensington Palace Gardens (consular department) and numbers 6–7 (the Chancery). Harrington House (number 13) is currently used as the official residence of the Russian Ambassador. The Soviet Diplomatic Mission previously also occupied numbers 10, 16 and 18, but these have since been returned to private use.


13 Kensington Palace Gardens, Current use
In 1991, the British government extended the Russian government's lease on the house for 99 years. The Russian government pays a token rent of £1 per year for the house; in return, Britain pays only one rouble per year rent for the British embassy in Moscow.


13 Kiddie Favorites
13 Kiddie Favorites is a compilation album by the punk rock band Jughead's Revenge, released in 1995. It is a collection of b-sides and never-before material. Although it is often referred to as the band's follow-up to Elimination, this appears to be factually incorrect.


13 Kohanic cities
The 13 Kohanic Cities are the 13 cities/villages and their respective peripheral territory listed in the Book of Joshua () as having been allocated by Elazar and Joshua to the kohanim (Israelite priesthood) and their families. The Kohanic cities are a sub-set of the 48 Levitical cities allocated to sections of the Tribe of Levi.


13 Kohanic cities, Biblical references
The Kohanic cities all come along with the detail ואת מגרשה ("the peripheral land around the city") - presumably, this amount is 2000 amah in all directions. These 13 cities are the primary land allotments for kohanim in the Land of Israel and were in use from the initial entry of the children of Israel into the land of Israel up until they were depopulated by Nebuchadnezzar.


13 Kohanic cities, Biblical references
According to the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah, these 13 cities where re-inhabited by the kohanim upon their return from the 70-year term of the Babylonian exile.


13 Lakes
13 Lakes is a 2004 16mm film by American independent filmmaker James Benning. It is an instance of slow cinema, placing emphasis on introspection and contemplation.


13 Lakes, Summary
The film is 135 minutes long and consists of 13 ten-minute static shots of lakes from throughout the United States. There is no conventional plot, characters or dialogue. The composition has been described as "symmetrical, minimalistic and repetitive", encouraging "sensory and sensuous engagement".


13 Lakes, Summary
In several cases, boats can be seen and sounds such as waves, motors, bird calls, thunder and rain can be heard. Benning has said that he does not intend the work to be about environmentalism.


13 Lakes, Legacy
The film was added to the US National Film Registry as a "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant film" in 2014.


13 Lead Soldiers
13 Lead Soldiers is a 1948 American mystery film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Tom Conway as Capt. Hugh 'Bulldog' Drummond.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
Dr Stedman is murdered by an intruder in his study and two toy soldiers are stolen from his desk. The next day, Hugh Drummond reads about the murder in the newspaper. He is approached by a friend, Phillip Coleman, who tells him that he owns two similar figures and that he has received first offers, then threats to sell them. According to Coleman, the soldiers are 900 years old, dating back to the time of William the Conqueror. Coleman leaves the two painted lead figures with Drummond for safety and asks him to look into the affair. To flush out whoever is trying to get the figurines they plant a press story that Drummond has bought them from Coleman.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
When a woman, who introduces herself as journalist Estelle Gorday, visits Drummond's apartment, she recognizes the right figures out of a collection that Drummond has assembled on his mantle piece. Drummond and his friend Longworth then visit Stedman Manor and meet the daughter of the victim, Cynthia. She tells them that her father's figures were very similar to those brought by Drummond but different in detail and that they were part of a set of 13 soldiers that Dr Stedman bought at auction together with an Anglo-Saxon palimpsest.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
He was translating that when he was killed and the scroll was also taken. Dr Stedman was convinced that the statues were exceedingly valuable and he received an offer to buy them from a man called Vane. Vane offered a multiple of what Stedman has paid and left very angry when rejected.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
Drummond and Longworth follow an invitation by Ms Gorday. While they are there, Vane breaks into Drummond's apartment and steals the two soldiers. Coleman and Seymour, another friend of Drummond's, shadow him to a Soho flat. Seymour fetches Drummond and they return to Soho. Drummond and Longworth go up. A knife is thrown at them and they find Vane dead and the soldiers missing. The next day, Drummond and his friends are at Inspector McIver's office when  Ms Stedman identifies the dead man as Vane. Drummond visits Gorday and tells her that he smelled her perfume at the Soho flat. He searches her place and finds the palimpsest. She admits to working for Vane, who was a collector who owned the other soldiers.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
Drummond next shows the palimpsest to Ms Stedman in the presence of Coleman. He tells them that he has done research on the soldiers: the figurines show the 13 last leaders of the Anglo-Saxons before the Norman Conquest. Before being defeated, King Harold hid his treasure at a manor near London and had the parchment with a map and instructions written, whilst the figures served as the cipher/key to find the hiding place. After the battle of Hastings, the soldiers were dispersed. Monks overwrote the parchment and the original writing was only rediscovered by Dr Stedman.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
Drummond, Cynthia Stedman and Coleman go to the spot shown on the map. The current house dates to King George I and is occupied by an antiques store. Inside, they discover a medieval fireplace and walls. When they inquire about the soldiers, the store owner asks them to leave. Later, Ms Gorday visits Drummond and threatens him with a gun, demanding the palimpsest. She admits to being the daughter of the shop keeper, Mr Prager. He owns the other nine soldiers and wants the four others and the palimpsest. Prager and his daughter hired Vane to find them but were horrified when he killed Dr Stedman. She admits to being at Soho and to throwing the knife at Drummond.


13 Lead Soldiers, Plot
Ms Stedman comes to the store with the parchment, shadowed by Seymor and Longworth. They wait outside and meet Ms Gorday/Prager and Drummond when they arrive. Entering, they find Prager dead. Drummond discovers Coleman with all 13 soldiers inside the shop. Coleman attacks but is overpowered. They call the police and find Cynthia, who said Coleman had asked her to come and that she had been hit on the head on arrival. Drummond arranges the soldiers on a pedestal just like in the drawing and their weight distribution opens a secret door. They find the treasure. The arriving McIver takes a figure, causing the stone door to start closing. Coleman tries to flee but is shot and then trapped and crushed by the door. The others manage to leave the secret room when the figure is replaced.


13 Letters
13 Letters is the second compilation album by the Christian hip hop group 116 Clique. It charted at No. 29 on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and No. 10 on the Billboard Gospel Albums chart.


13 Little Blue Envelopes
13 Little Blue Envelopes is a 2005 realistic fiction young adult novel by Maureen Johnson. It tells the story of a young woman who embarks on a journey throughout Europe by following instructions left to her in letters from her aunt.


13 Little Blue Envelopes, Plot summary
Virginia (Ginny) Blackstone, a seventeen-year-old girl who is on summer break before her final year of high school, has received 13 blue envelopes from her self-proclaimed "Runaway Aunt" Peg, who has passed away. Ginny is told that she is about to leave for several weeks and will travel to foreign lands. Her aunt leaves her four rules to follow: she can only bring what fits into a backpack, she cannot bring any kind of journal or foreign language aid, she cannot bring extra money of any kind, and she cannot use or bring anything electronic with her. Ginny is only allowed to open the next envelope once she has reached the destination or has completed the task set in the previous letter.


13 Little Blue Envelopes, Plot summary
The envelopes lead her to London, where she meets a "starving" artist/creep named Keith, and Aunt Peg's best friend and roommate, Richard. She realizes she has a crush on Keith, and they go to Scotland to meet her aunt's guru, artist Mari Adams. After she has an argument with Keith, they part ways, though they meet again briefly in Paris. Later, she encounters a horrible hotel in Amsterdam and finds shelter under a very hyperactive family. Following the letters, she goes to Denmark and meets four Australian students, Emmett, Bennett, Nigel, and Carrie. Together they form the "Blue Envelope Gang" and follow the second-to-last envelope to Greece. On the way, the 12th envelope tells her she can open the last one whenever she feels ready.


13 Little Blue Envelopes, Plot summary
While in Greece, her backpack is stolen, along with the 13th envelope. She enlists Richard's help to return to England as she discovers her bank card is out of balance. Upon arriving there, Richard tells her that he and Peg were married during her final days with her fatal illness, which makes Richard Ginny's uncle, even though they both thought the other was marrying for the insurance for the aunts illness. This last bit of information completely unsettles the already-distressed girl, who runs to Keith's house for the night.


13 Little Blue Envelopes, Plot summary
Returning to Richard's apartment the next day, she manages to discover a trove of her aunt's final paintings in the attic of Harrods, a large department store in London, which her aunt used as a private art studio. The painting collection is sold at auction, and the proceeds become her inheritance. While wondering if selling the paintings was the right decision or not, a conversation with Keith makes her realize that Peg wanted Richard to know that she loved him. She writes a letter to her aunt, letting her know that even though she never read the 13th envelope, she knows what it said. Ginny finally makes her way back home to New Jersey, after leaving half the inheritance to Richard.


13 Little Blue Envelopes, Reception
Critical reviews for 13 Little Blue Envelopes have been mostly positive. The School Library Journal positively reviewed 13 Little Blue Envelopes, calling it a "quick read" and "the novel drives home the importance of family, love, and the value of connections that you make with people". RT Book Reviews praised Johnson's originality, saying that she "puts an original twist on the genre and leaves some wonderful surprises for the end as well". Booklist wrote that the idea of a young girl traveling alone on an undefined journey "stretches plausibility", but that the book also had "sensitive, authentically portrayed experiences". Publishers Weekly and Kirkus Reviews both positively reviewed the book, with Kirkus calling Johnson's writing "sophisticated and humorous".


13 May 1945 German deserter execution
The 13 May 1945 German deserter execution occurred five days after the capitulation of Nazi Germany along with the Wehrmacht armed forces in World War II, when an illegal court martial, composed of the captured and disarmed German officers kept under Allied guard in Amsterdam, Netherlands imposed a death sentence upon two of the former German deserters from the Kriegsmarine, Bruno Dorfer and Rainer Beck. The show trial occurred in an abandoned Ford Motor Company assembly plant outside Amsterdam, which at the time was a prisoner-of-war camp run by the Canadian Army.


13 May 1945 German deserter execution
The Nazi German prisoners of war formed a firing squad which carried out the sentence. They were supplied with captured German rifles and a three-ton truck by the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, and escorted by a platoon of Canadian soldiers led by Captain Robert K. Swinton.