1365 Henyey, Orbit and classification
Henyey is a member of the Flora family, a large population of stony S-type asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,232 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first Identified as A907 GK at Heidelberg in 1907. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in 1928.


1365 Henyey, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In August 2012, a first rotational lightcurve of Henyey was obtained from photometric observations by Daniel Klinglesmith at Etscorn Campus Observatory (719) in New Mexico. It gave a rotation period of 18.986 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=2). In November 2016, a divergent period solution of 32.2 hours with a change in brightness of 0.32 magnitude was found by French amateur astronomer René Roy (U=2).


1365 Henyey, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Henyey measures 10.31 and 10.96 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.26 and 0.28. respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of the family – and calculates a diameter of 11.31 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.9.


1365 Henyey, Naming
Based on a suggestion by William Westbrooke, this minor planet was named after American astronomer Louis Henyey (1910–1970), known for his contributions in the field of stellar structure and stellar evolution. The lunar crater Henyey is also named in his honour. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1971 (M.P.C. 3143).


1366
Year 1366 (MCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1366 Piccolo
1366 Piccolo, provisional designation 1932 WA, is an asteroid from the background population of the outer asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 November 1932, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. The asteroid was named after Auguste Cauvin, chief-editor of the Belgian newspaper Le Soir.


1366 Piccolo, Orbit and classification
Piccolo is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,780 days; semi-major axis of 2.87 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.


1366 Piccolo, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A916 NB at Johannesburg Observatory in July 1916. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle with its official discovery observation.


1366 Piccolo, Naming
This minor planet was named after the pseudonym of Auguste Cauvin, also known as "d'Arsac", long-time editor-in-chief of the Belgian newspaper Le Soir (c. 1898–1937). The pseudonym "piccolo" means "small" in Italian. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 124). Asteroid 1350 Rosselia was also named after an editor of Le Soir by Delporte.


1366 Piccolo, Physical characteristics
Piccolo has been characterized as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey, while the LCDB assumes a stony S-type.


1366 Piccolo, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
In June 1984, a first rotational lightcurve of Piccolo was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 16.57 hours with a brightness variation of 0.33 magnitude (U=2). In 2003 and 2005, two more lightcurves were obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy. They gave a period of 16.048 and 16.05 hours and an amplitude of 0.24 and 0.29 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).


1366 Piccolo, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
In 2016, the asteroid lightcurve has also been modeled using photometric data from various sources. It gave a concurring period of 16.1834 hours and two spin axis in ecliptic coordinates of (352.0°, 49.0°) and (201.0°, 55.0°).


1366 Piccolo, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Piccolo measures between 26.92 and 28.02 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1538 and 0.199. In April 2003, an albedo of 0.131 and a diameter of 29.9 kilometers have also been deduced from a stellar occultation.


1366 Piccolo, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1447 and a diameter of 27.50 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.52.


1366 Technologies
1366 Technologies was a company based in Bedford, Massachusetts that developed a technique to produce silicon wafers by casting them in their ultimate shape directly in a mold, rather than the prevailing standard method in which wafers are cut from a large ingot. In July 2021, the company merged with Dallas-based Hunt Perovskite Technologies to form a new company, CubicPV. The company's management predicted that the new approach will be able to produce wafers at half the cost of current methods. The company's name was a reference to the solar constant, representing the watts of solar energy that hits each square meter outside of earth's atmosphere.


1366 Technologies, Technology
The company used a $4 million grant obtained from the United States Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) program in December 2009 to fund research over an 18-month period. Grants from ARPA-E are designed to provide money to relatively small projects offering the potential for high-payoff results in fostering advanced techniques.


1366 Technologies, Technology
1366 Technologies was able to announce eight months into the grant period that it had achieved success in its casting technology, in which molten silicon is poured directly into a mold to produce wafers in their final form, a square 6 inches (15 cm) on each side that is 200 micrometres thick and are then extracted from the mold using a proprietary technique to ensure that the wafer doesn't break while being removed. In traditional methods, wafers of this size are cut from a large single ingot or crystal, in an approach that leaves as much as half of the original silicon ingot as waste.


1366 Technologies, Technology
David Danielson, program director for solar energy at ARPA-E said that "early indications show this could be one of our great success stories." ARPA-E's first director Arun Majumdar estimated that current techniques generate solar power at a cost of $4 per watt, and that bringing down that cost to $1.50 per watt could lead to the widespread adoption of solar energy. Company president Frank van Mierlo estimated that solar power generated using wafers from 1366 Technologies would be cheaper than power generated using coal.


1366 Technologies, Technology
The company is now on their third generation of wafer-producing machines, which are full-sized, industrial line machines. The company will open a commercial-scale factory in upstate New York, slated for completion in 2017. This plant will start producing 50 million wafers annually, totaling 250 megawatts of output. It will eventually scale to 600 million wafers and 3,000 MW of annual production.


1366 Technologies, Financing
1366 Technologies has raised $70 million in capital to commercialize their innovation, from such investors as South Korean Hanwha Chemical, a major user of silicon wafers, as well as from Ventizz Capital Fund, North Bridge Venture Partners and Polaris Venture Partners.


1367
Year 1367 (MCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1368
Year 1368 (MCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1368 Numidia
1368 Numidia, provisional designation 1935 HD, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 April 1935, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named after the ancient North African kingdom of Numidia.


1368 Numidia, Orbit and classification
Based on the hierarchical clustering method, Numidia has both been classified as a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population (Nesvorný), and as a core member of the Maria family (Milani and Knežević). It orbits the Sun in the intermediate asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–2.7 AU once every 4.01 years (1,465 days; semi-major axis of 2.52 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic.


1368 Numidia, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as 1928 SN at Uccle Observatory in September 1928. The body's observation arc begins at Johannesburg in May 1931, three weeks after its official discovery observation.


1368 Numidia, Naming
This minor planet was named after the ancient Berber kingdom of Numidia, that was located in North Africa, in what is now Algeria. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 124).


1368 Numidia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
In May 1983, a first rotational lightcurve of Numidia was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.64 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.35 magnitude (U=3).


1368 Numidia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
Modeling of the asteroid's lightcurve gave a concurring sidereal period of 3.640739 and 3.640740 hours, respectively. In 2016, modeling also determined a pole of (201.0°, −62.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1368 Numidia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Numidia measures between 15.93 and 20.66 kilometers in diameter  and its surface has an albedo between 0.177 and 0.298.


1368 Numidia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1918 and a diameter of 19.24 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.99.


1369
Year 1369 (MCCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1369 Ostanina
1369 Ostanina (prov. designation: 1935 QB) is a dark and elongated asteroid of the Meliboea family, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 27 August 1935, by Soviet astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The hydrated carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.4 hours and measures approximately 42 kilometers (26 miles) in diameter. It was named for the Russian village of Ostanin, birthplace of the discoverer.


1369 Ostanina, Orbit and classification
Ostanina orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,013 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.


1369 Ostanina, Orbit and classification
Based on the hierarchical clustering method (HCM) using the asteroid's proper orbital elements, Ostanina is a member of the Meliboea family (604), a smaller asteroid family of a few hundred carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids. The family was named after its lowest-numbered member, 137 Meliboea. In an alternative HCM-analysis, however, Ostanina is an asteroid of the main belt's background population. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1928 FE at the Heidelberg Observatory in March 1928, more than 7 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz–Crimea.


1369 Ostanina, Naming
This minor planet was named after the small village of Ostanin, the birthplace of the discoverer, Pelageya Shajn. The village is located in Perm Krai, now part of the Russian Volga district. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in November 1952 (M.P.C. 838; LDS).


1369 Ostanina, Physical characteristics
In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Ostanina is a hydrated C-type asteroid (Caa and Ch), while in the SDSS-based taxonomy, the asteroid is a common C-type.


1369 Ostanina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In June 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Ostanina was obtained from photometric observations by French and Swiss astronomers Pierre Antonini, François Colas, Valery Lainey, Laurène Beauvalet and Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.4001±0.0002 hours with a very high brightness variation of 1.11 magnitude (U=3). A high brightness amplitude is indicative of a non-spheroidal, elongated shape. Other well defined rotation periods of 8.399 and 8.397 hours were obtained by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81) in California in 2017, and by V. G. Shevchenko at the Kharkov Observatory (101) in 1996, respectively (U=3/3).


1369 Ostanina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Additional period determinations: 6+ hours by Jean-Gabriel Bosch at the Collonges Observatory (178) (U=2), 6.145 hours at the Catania and Pino Torinese observatories in 2000 (U=1), 8.3945 hours by René Roy in 2016 (U=3-), 8.397 hours by V. G. Chiorny in 2003 and 2007 (U=n.a./2+), and 8.4 hours by Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini at the Sozzago Astronomical Station (A12) in 2010 (U=2+).


1369 Ostanina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Ostanina measures between 40.6 and 43.6 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.049 and 0.061. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0545 and diameter of 41.24 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.7.


136P/Mueller
136P/Mueller, also known as Mueller 3, is a periodic comet in the Solar System.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade
The 136th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Territorial Force, part of the British Army. It was formed in the First World War as a duplicate of the Devon and Cornwall Brigade and was originally formed as the 2nd/1st Devon and Cornwall Brigade in 1914–1915 before later being renamed as the 136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade. It was sent overseas to India in December 1914 to relieve Regular Army units for service in France. The brigade remained there for the rest of the war, supplying drafts of replacements to the British units fighting in the Middle East and later complete battalions.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade
It was reformed as 136th Infantry Brigade in the Territorial Army in 1939, again as a duplicate formation, when another European conflict with Germany seemed inevitable. During the Second World War, the brigade was active in the United Kingdom throughout its service. It was disbanded on 31 August 1944.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade
The brigade was reformed on 1 February 1945 for the reception of troops returning from overseas. It did not see service outside the United Kingdom during the war.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, First World War
In accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7, c.9) which brought the Territorial Force into being, the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside the country. However, on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, many members volunteered for Imperial Service. Therefore, TF units were split into 1st Line (liable for overseas service) and 2nd Line (home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas) units. 2nd Line units performed the home defence role, although in fact most of these were also posted abroad in due course.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, First World War
On 15 August 1915, TF units were instructed to separate home service men from those who had volunteered for overseas service (1st Line), with the home service personnel to be formed into reserve units (2nd Line). On 31 August, 2nd Line units were authorized for each 1st Line unit where more than 60% of men had volunteered for overseas service. After being organized, armed and clothed, the 2nd Line units were gradually grouped into large formations thereby forming the 2nd Line brigades and divisions.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, First World War
These 2nd Line units and formations had the same name and structure as their 1st Line parents. On 24 November, it was decided to replace imperial service (1st Line) formations as they proceeded overseas with their reserve (2nd Line) formations. A second reserve (3rd Line) unit was then formed at the peace headquarters of the 1st Line.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, First World War
The brigade was formed as a 2nd Line duplicate of the Devon and Cornwall Brigade in October 1914, shortly after the outbreak of war. It was assigned to the 2nd Wessex Division, the 2nd Line duplicate of the Wessex Division. The division was selected for service in India thereby releasing British and Indian regular battalions for service in Europe. On 12 December, the brigade embarked at Southampton with three battalions; the 2/4th DCLI landed at Karachi on 9 January 1915 and the rest of the brigade at Bombay between 4 and 8 January.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, First World War
The brigade was effectively broken up on arrival in India; the units reverted to peacetime conditions and the battalions were dispersed to Wellington, Bombay, and Karachi. The Territorial Force divisions and brigades were numbered in May 1915 in the order that they departed for overseas service, starting with the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division. The 2nd Wessex Division should have been numbered as the 45th (2nd Wessex) Division, but as the division had already been broken up, this was merely a place holder. Likewise, the 2nd/1st Devon and Cornwall Brigade was notionally numbered as 136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, First World War
The units pushed on with training to prepare for active service, handicapped by the need to provide experienced manpower for active service units. By early 1916 it had become obvious that it would not be possible to transfer the division and brigade to the Western Front as originally intended. Nevertheless, individual units proceeded overseas on active service through the rest of the war. The 2/4th Devons served in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign from October 1917 and the 2/6th Devons in the Mesopotamian Campaign from September 1917, so that by the end of the war just the 2/4th DCLI remained in India.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, Second World War
By 1939 it became clear that a new European war was likely to break out and, as a direct result of the German invasion of Czechoslovakia on 15 March, the doubling of the Territorial Army was authorised, with each unit and formation forming a duplicate. Consequently, 136th Infantry Brigade was formed in April 1939 as part of the 45th Infantry Division, duplicate of the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division. Unusually, it was not a mirror of its parent, the 43rd and 45th Divisions being organized on a geographical basis. Initially, the brigade was administered by the 43rd Division until the 45th Division began to function from 7 September 1939.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, Second World War
The brigade remained in the United Kingdom with the 45th Division during the Second World War and did not see active service overseas. In August 1944, the brigade started to disperse as its component units were posted away, a process that was completed on 31 August and the brigade disbanded.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, History, Second World War
A new brigade headquarters was formed on 1 February 1945 for the reception, selection and training of troops from overseas who were temporarily unfit due to wounds and other causes. The units of the brigade were Reception Camps, Selection Battalions and Training Battalions. It served with the 45th (Holding) Division for the rest of the war.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, Commanders, During the First World War
The brigade was commanded from formation until embarkation for India by Br.-Gen. Lord St. Levan.


136th (2/1st Devon and Cornwall) Brigade, Commanders, During the Second World War
The brigade had the following commanders in the Second World War:


136th (Durham) Battalion, CEF
The 136th (Durham) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Kingston, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Durham County, Ontario and Pontiac County, Quebec. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 39th Battalion, CEF and 6th Reserve Battalion on October 6, 1916. The 136th (Durham) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. .


136th Airlift Wing
The 136th Airlift Wing (136 AW) is a unit of the Texas Air National Guard, stationed at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas. If activated to federal service, the wing is gained by the United States Air Force's Air Mobility Command (AMC).


136th Airlift Wing, Mission
The wing's mission is to provide highly trained, equipped and motivated military forces for worldwide combat and peacetime tasking supporting Texas and the United States. The flying mission includes short field and dirt strip landing, and airdrop delivery of cargo and people in all weather, day and night.


136th Airlift Wing, Units
The 136th Airlift Wing is composed of 5 groups, 19 units and 1 geographically separated unit (GSU).


136th Airlift Wing, History, World War II
The wing was established in mid-1943 as a P-47 Thunderbolt fighter group, trained under I Fighter Command on Long Island, New York and in Massachusetts before moving to England, arriving in January 1944. The unit began operations with IX Fighter Command on 14 March when the group flew a fighter sweep over the English Channel coast of France. Made strafing and bombing attacks on airfields, rail and highway bridges, trains, vehicles, flak positions, and V-weapon sites to help prepare for the invasion of France.


136th Airlift Wing, History, World War II
The group supported the landings in Normandy early in June 1944 and began operations from the Continent later the same month. It also aided in the taking of Cherbourg, participated in the air operations that prepared the way for the Allied breakthrough at St Lo on 25 July, and supported ground forces during their drive across France.


136th Airlift Wing, History, World War II
The fighter group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for support operations in the vicinity of Mons, Belgium on 3 September 1944 when the group, dispatching seven missions against the enemy on that day, not only destroyed large numbers of motor transports, horse-drawn vehicles, and troops, but also attacked enemy positions that obstructed the progress of ground forces.


136th Airlift Wing, History, World War II
The groups continued to support ground forces, participated in the assault against the Siegfried Line, and took part in the Battle of the Bulge (December 1944 – January 1945) by attacking rail lines and trains, marshalling yards, roads and vehicles, armored columns, and gun positions, operating with the Allied forces that pushed across the Rhine and into Germany.


136th Airlift Wing, History, World War II
After V-E Day, the groups served with the Army of Occupation, being assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe before being inactivated in Germany on 20 August 1946.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard
The wartime 368th Fighter Group was re-designated as the 136th Fighter Group and was allotted to the Texas Air National Guard on 21 August 1946. It was initially organized at Love Field Airport in Dallas, Texas and was extended federal recognition on 27 January 1947 by the National Guard Bureau. The 136th Fighter Group was bestowed the lineage, history, honors, and colors of the 368th Fighter Group and the group was assigned to the Texas Air National Guard's 63d Fighter Wing.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard
In addition, the 136th Material Squadron (Maintenance); 136th Combat Support Squadron and 136th Medical Squadron were activated and assigned to the group at Naval Air Station Dallas / Hensley Field as support elements. F-51D Mustangs were assigned to the Fighter Squadrons, and the mission of the unit was the air defense of Texas. In mid-1950 the Texas Air National Guard received its first jet aircraft, when a few F-84B Thunderjets were assigned to the 181st Fighter Squadron in June.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
As a result of the Korean War, the Texas Air National Guard was federalized and placed on active duty status on 10 October 1950, being assigned to Ninth Air Force, Tactical Air Command (TAC). TAC ordered the 136th Fighter Group to Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, where the unit was re-designated as a Fighter-Bomber unit and its status was changed to a Wing. At Langley, the 136th Fighter-Bomber Wing consisted of the following units:


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
The Love Field-based 181st was also re-designated as a Fighter-Bomber Squadron, however it remained in Dallas, the squadron taking over the ANG air defense mission for the entire state of Texas. Subsequently, it was re-equipped with the Very Long Range (VLR) F-51H Mustang, which had been developed to escort B-29 Superfortress bombers in the Pacific Theater from the Mariana Islands to the Japanese Home Islands. Its F-84Bs were reassigned as they lacked the range of the Mustangs.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
At Langley AFB, the 136th trained with their F-51D Mustangs. Unfortunately losing two 111th FBS pilots in a training accident on 15 December. A third pilot was killed on 27 January 1951 in another accident. In February 1951, the aged F-51Ds that the unit had been flying since its activation in 1947 were replaced by F-84E Thunderjets, and the squadron began transition training on the jet fighter-bomber. Most of the training took place at Langley, although some pilots were sent to Shaw AFB, South Carolina.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
Maintenance crews, all new to jet aircraft, were trained at Langley and engine specialists were sent to the Allison plant in Indianapolis. Assigned to the Arkansas ANG's 154th FBS at the time was a U.S. Navy exchange pilot, future NASA astronaut LT Walter Schirra (who happened to be the only pilot assigned to the 136th at the time who was a qualified jet pilot).


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
In May 1951, less than seven months later, the Wing was deployed to Japan, being attached to Far East Air Force and stationed at Itazuke Air Force Base, the first echelon of the 136th arriving on 18 May. The 136th replaced the Strategic Air Command 27th Fighter-Escort Wing, which had deployed to Far East Air Force in the early days of the Korean War. At Itazuke, the squadrons took over the F-84Es of the 27th FEW, which remained in place, its aircraft being reassigned from SAC to Far East Air Force inventory records. On 2 June, the final elements of the 136th arrived in Japan, the National Guardsmen officially relieved the 27th FBW and the SAC airmen departed for the United States. The 136th was the first Air National Guard Wing in history to enter combat.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
From Japan the Wing engaged in combat operations over South Korea, however flying in the North Pacific area was a challenge to the wing, losing seven F-84Es in non-combat operations and three in combat. On 26 June, in one of the largest air-to-air battles in Korea, two 182d FBS pilots, Captain Harry Underwood and 1st Lt Arthur Olighter shot down an enemy MiG-15 that broke through an F-86 Sabre escort of four B-29s. Two other 111th FBS pilots, 1st Lt John Morse and John Marlins scored probables in the same encounter. These were the first combat victories by Air National Guard pilots. On 3 July the 136th sent their aircraft to North Korea, attacking FLAK batteries in downtown Pyongyang while other aircraft attacked North Korean airfields.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
However, the short-legged F-84 had limited combat time over Korea, therefore on 16 November 1951 the Wing moved to Taegu Air Force Base (K-2) in South Korea for its combat operations. In 1952, the 136th was re-equipped with the F-84G Thunderjet, designed for tactical close air support of ground forces.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Korean War Activation
During its time in combat, the 136th flew 15,515 Combat Sorties; was credited with 4 enemy aircraft destroyed; 7 probables and 72 others damaged. It was the first ANG unit to down a MiG-15; it dropped 23,749 (7,120 tons) of bombs and expended over 3 million rounds of .50 caliber ammunition; being awarded Five Korean Campaign Ribbons. The 136th Fighter-Bomber Wing was released from active duty and returned to the United States on 10 July 1952


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Defense Command
With the Wing's return from the Korean War, the 111th and the 182d Fighter-Bomber Squadrons joined the 181st FBS with VLR F-51H Mustangs. The 136th Fighter-Bomber Wing was assigned to the Central Air Defense Force, Air Defense Command (ADC) and resumed its postwar mission of Texas air defense.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Defense Command
It was not until 1955 that the Texas Air National Guard received jets from ADC, receiving F-80B and F-80C Shooting Stars and the squadrons being re-designated as Fighter-Interceptor Squadrons. The 111th received F-80C-11 (modified F-80A to F-80C standards) Shooting Stars on 1 July 1955, and on 1 July 1956 the 111th FIS commenced to participate in the active ADC runway alert program at Ellington AFB. The 182d at Brooks AFB received F-80C Shooting Stars in August 1956, replacing some of the last F-51H Mustangs in the USAF inventory. The 181st at Love Field received F-80Cs in January 1955.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Defense Command
On 1 July 1957 the 136th Fighter-Bomber Wing was re-designated an Air Defense Wing and reorganized along Air Defense Command lines. Combat units of the-Wing were selected by the Air Defense Command to man a runway alert program on full 24-hour basis – with armed jet fighters ready to "scramble" at a moment's notice. This event brought the wing into the daily combat operational program of the USAF, placing us on "the end of the runway" alongside regular USAF-Air Defense Fighter Squadrons. The obsolescent F-80-day fighters were upgraded to the all-weather/day/night F-86D Sabre Interceptor for all three squadrons by the end of the year.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Defense Command
Also in 1957, the Texas ANG was authorized to expand the 111th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Ellington to a group level, and the 147th Fighter-Interceptor Group was activated in Houston on 1 July. As a result, the 111th FIS was reassigned to the new 147th FIG. On 5 August 1957 the 147th was selected to organize and operate a Jet Instrument School to train Air National Guard pilots throughout the nation. On 1 March 1958 the wing was expanded to include the Louisiana ANG 159th Fighter Group (Air Defense) at New Orleans which placed the Texas Wing in command of all Tactical Air National Guard units in the States of Texas and Louisiana. In July 1960, ADC began upgrading the 111th, 122d and 182d FIS to the Mach-2 F-102A Delta Dagger interceptor.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Refueling
In August 1961, as part of an Air Defense Command re-organization, the Wing's assignment to the ADC Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector was terminated with the inactivation of the OCADS, and the 136th was transferred to Tactical Air Command. As part of the reorganization:


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Refueling
The 136th Air Defense Wing and its 181st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron were realigned to an air refueling mission, becoming the 136th Air Refueling Wing and 181st Air Refueling Squadron under the TAC Ninth Air Force. The 181st ARS was equipped with KC-97L Stratotankers, its mission becoming the air refueling of primarily Tactical Air Command fighter aircraft. Also, the 181st was moved from Dallas Love Field to Naval Air Station Dallas (Hensley Field), which ended a debate about the Texas Air National Guard operating from the expanding civilian airport.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Refueling
With the transfer of the interceptors and no previously qualified aircrew or maintenance personnel assigned the 136th went through a year of transition to the new mission and to achieve operational status. They did so in eight months, the previous "normal" time for the conversion was two years. In 1966 the squadron began a rotational deployment to Ramstein Air Base in support of Operation Creek Party. which provided USAFE an air refueling capability.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Air Refueling
The Creek Party deployment rotations lasted until 1976, and over the decade the 136th saw millions of pounds of jet fuel off-loaded and millions of miles flown, all accident free. In July 1976 the KC-97s were retired and the 136th was transferred to Strategic Air Command, receiving jet KC-135A Stratotankers. Under SAC, the 181st Air Refueling Squadron mission included the air refueling of B-52 Stratofortress intercontinental bombers along with TAC and Aerospace Defense Command interceptors.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
On 1 April 1978, the 136th was reassigned from SAC to Military Airlift Command (MAC), and was realigned to a Tactical Airlift Wing, being re-equipped with C-130B Hercules transports. The new 136 TAW mission was airlift of troops, military equipment, cargo and aeromedical support.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
The 136th TAW and its subordinate units participated in numerous Cold War military exercises such as Team Spirit, Volant Oak, Red Flag, and Reforger. Other Joint Chief of Staff exercises included "Ember Dawn IV" in Alaska and "Brave Shield" in Europe. In 1979, the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve assumed full responsibility for airlift operations in Panama.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
In mid-December 1989, and continuing for several weeks, wing aircraft, air crews, and support personnel on deployment for exercise Volant Oak at Howard AFB, Canal Zone, Panama, flew combat airlift missions for U. S. Southern Command during Operation Just Cause in Panama. More than 100 combat sorties were flown by 146th aircraft and crews, with no casualties or damage to aircraft.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
In August 1986 the Wing received the new C-130H aircraft. In August 1990, the world was moving swiftly toward armed confrontation in the Persian Gulf. By late January 1991, the 136th Airlift Wing had provided U. S. Central Command and U. S. Air Forces in Europe personnel, voluntarily and involuntarily activated, who participated in Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. Aircraft and air crews from the 181st Airlift Squadron flew two-month-long tours of duty in Operation Volant Pine, a backfill of military airlifters to Europe by Air National Guard C-130s.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
In 1997, wing members deployed supporting State and Federal missions. During the period the unit played critical roles in support of DoD missions deploying to Oman and Saudi Arabia in support of Southern Watch, and in peacetime humanitarian airlift, among the many missions accomplished by the wing during the award period.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
On 1 October 1998, with the BRAC-directed closure of Naval Air Station Dallas / Hensley Field, the 136th Airlift Wing moved to the former Carswell Air Force Base, now re-designated as Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth / Carswell Field pursuant to the same BRAC action that closed NAS Dallas. At this installation, the 136th was colocated with an existing Air Force Reserve Command fighter wing at Carswell and all the Naval Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve aviation units and Army Reserve aviation and ground units that had also relocated there.


136th Airlift Wing, History, Texas Air National Guard, Tactical Airlift
As part of the Global War on Terrorism, the 136 AW has deployed numerous times totaling more than 6,000 Airmen since 11 September 2001 in support of Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation New Horizons, an average of six deployments per unit member.


136th Airlift Wing, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


136th Armored Division "Centauro II"
The 136th Armored Division "Centauro II" (Italian: 136ª Divisione corazzata "Centauro II") was an armored division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The division had a number of different titles before settling on 136th Armored Division "Centauro II". It was formed in 1942 and started as the 1st CC.NN. Armored Division "M" (M for Mussolini), was re-designated 136th Armored Division "M", then 136th Legionary Armored Division "Centauro", and finally "Centauro II". In September 1943 it was in training near Rome and fought the Germans as part of the Corpo d'Armata Motocorazzato before surrendering.


136th Armored Division "Centauro II", History
The division was the only Blackshirt armored formation, and as such it was composed of hand-picked fanatical Blackshirts, most having already seen heavy action in the Soviet Union and Libya. The division was mobilised in 1942 with the intention of deploying to the Soviet Union as part of the Italian 8th Army. The Axis defeat on the Don river and during the Battle of Stalingrad however delayed their transfer.


136th Armored Division "Centauro II", History
As they were originally intended to be a heavy division for use against the Soviet Union, the unit received German Panzers, Panzer IIIs, Panzer IVs,  Stugs, and Tiger Is along with German instructors, just before the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy. The division  was then purged of Fascist personnel and reorganized with different units and personnel to reform the 131st Armored Division "Centauro". After the Armistice of Cassibile the division remained loyal to the king.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti"
The 136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti" (Italian: 136ª Divisione corazzata "Giovani Fascisti") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
The Giovani Fascisti (Young Fascists or "GGFF") Division was formed from volunteers from the Young Fascist University. The volunteers were subject to a power struggle between the Army and the Fascist Blackshirts and of the original 25 battalions only two battalions survived to see action. The Division was sent to Libya in July 1941, the III "A ferro freddo" battalion remained in Italy for training and was later used as a source for replacements.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
In May 1942 it was decided to reform them for their conduct during the Western Desert Campaign as an armored Division, the 136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", but the division never received its tanks and it remained an infantry division. It was in action during Operation Crusader when the 11th Indian Infantry Brigade was heavily engaged against a strong point near Bir el Gubi, 25 miles south of Ed Duda.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
The GGFF made their mark during Operation Crusader. Tasked to defend the small hill known as Bir el Gobi, they fought off repeated attacks by the 11th Indian Brigade and British 7th armored Division during the first week of December, 1941. Despite overwhelming odds, they inflicted massive casualties on the Allies and held their ground despite severe hunger and thirst.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Infantry Regiment "Giovani Fascisti", held a hilltop position successfully and fought off repeated attacks by the British armour and Indian infantry units during the first week of December 1941.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
The division began the Gazala battle in May 1942 as part of the army reserve, with four infantry battalions — the two original battalions, plus 9th Independent Infantry Battalion and the 3rd Battalion of the San Marco Marine Regiment (which was later detached to join the Hecker amphibious group). During the course of the battle, the remaining three battalions went forward to assist the 102nd "Trento" Division's penetration of the Allied minefield zone.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
The division occupied the oasis of Siwa in Egypt in summer 1942, in order to prevent possible military actions from the British Army to the south of the Axis Army attacking El Alamein. Indeed, in July 1942, German Ju-52 transport planes transported one battalion of the Giovani Fascisti to seize the strategic Oasis of Siwa, the largest air-landing assault conducted by the Axis in Africa. The rest of the division soon arrived as well, except for two companies from the 4th Anti -Tank Battalion. The oasis had been a staging area for raids by the Allied Long Range Desert Group into Libya, and now the Axis saw an opportunity to return the favor. Italian planners looked longingly at the tracks leading to the Nile.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel visited on September 1942 and reviewed the unit. Officers showed him their maps and scouting reports of the deep desert, and several Egyptian clan chiefs gave their opinions that no substantial Allied forces stood between Siwa and the Nile. The Young Fascist Division, the officers claimed, could unhinge the Allied positions on the coast from Siwa if only they had the fuel. While they waited, the Italians set up an Egyptian government-in-exile, complete with postage stamps, and flew the Egyptian flag alongside the Italian tricolor flag.


136th Armored Division "Giovani Fascisti", History
Some units of the Giovani Fascisti fought in the second battle of El Alamein with the 185th Airborne Division Folgore. In mid-November, after the Allied victory, the Division withdrew from Siwa to Agedaiba and later to Tunisia. In the Mareth Line they fought bravely alongside the remaining Axis troops. The Division was nearly totally destroyed in 1943, during the fighting in Tunisia. Even though decimated, the Giovani Fascisti was the last Axis military unit to surrender to the Allies in North Africa on May 13, 1943.


136th Attack Squadron
The 136th Attack Squadron (136 ATKS) is a unit of the New York Air National Guard 107th Attack Wing located at Niagara Falls Joint Air Reserve Station, New York. The 136th is equipped with the MQ-9 Reaper. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command.


136th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was first activated at Hunter Field, Georgia, as the 482d Bombardment Squadron, a Third Air Force Operational Training Unit (OTU), equipped with A-24 Banshee dive bombers. It moved to California in September 1943 as part of Desert Training Center in Mojave Desert.


136th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
After the A-24 was taken out of combat service, the squadron trained with Bell P-39 Airacobras and became combat ready as the 503d Fighter-Bomber Squadron, and became part of VIII Fighter Command in England in April 1944. It re-equipped with North American P-51 Mustangs, with a mission to escort Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers during its first five weeks of operations, and afterwards flew escort missions to cover the operations of medium and heavy bombers that struck strategic objectives, interdicted the enemy's communications, or supported operations on the ground.


136th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron frequently strafed airfields and other targets of opportunity while on escort missions. Provided fighter cover over the English Channel and the coast of Normandy during the invasion of France in June 1944. Strafed and dive-bombed vehicles, locomotives, marshalling yards, anti-aircraft batteries, and troops while Allied forces fought to break out of the beachhead in France. It attacked transportation targets as Allied armies drove across France after the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July. The 503d flew area patrols during Operation Market-Garden, the airborne attack on the Netherlands in September.


136th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
It escorted bombers to, and flew patrols, over the battle area during the German counterattack in the Ardennes (Battle of the Bulge), December 1944 – January 1945. It provided area patrols during Operation Varsity, the assault across the Rhine in March 1945. The squadron returned to the United States in October and was inactivated on 18 October 1945.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard
The wartime 503d Fighter Squadron was redesignated as the 136th Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the New York Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport, New York, and was extended federal recognition on 8 December 1948. The squadron was equipped with F-47D Thunderbolts and was assigned to the 107th Fighter Group, operationally gained by Continental Air Command.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard
The mission of the 136th Fighter Squadron was the air defense of Western New York. Aircraft parts were no problem and many of the maintenance personnel were World War II veterans so readiness was quite high and the planes were often much better maintained than their USAF counterparts. In some ways, the postwar Air National Guard was almost like a flying country club and a pilot could often show up at the field, check out an aircraft and go flying. However, the unit also had regular military exercises that kept up proficiency and in gunnery and bombing contests they would often score at least as well or better than active-duty USAF units, given the fact that most Guard pilots were World War II combat veterans.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Korean War activation
With the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized placed on active duty. The 136th was federalized on 2 March 1951, and assigned to the federalized 101st Fighter-Interceptor Group of the Maine Air National Guard at Dow Air Force Base, Maine. In February 1952, the squadron was reassigned to the 4708th Air Defense Wing, which was located at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan. On 1 November 1952 the squadron was released from active duty and its air defense mission, personnel and P-47s were transferred to the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was simultaneously activated at Niagara Falls.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Air Defense
The unit was reformed at Niagara Falls by 1 January 1953 and was re-equipped with the F-51H Mustang very long range fighter. The air defense mission for western New York remained and the unit resumed normal peacetime training and drills. In 1954, the Mustang was ending its service life and Air Defense Command was re-equipping its fighter-interceptor squadrons with jet aircraft. The 136th received F-94B Starfires, however the F-94 required a two-man aircrew a pilot and an air observer to operate its radar equipment.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Air Defense
Trainees for the radar assignment had to attend regular Air Force training schools, and required virtually the same qualifications as the pilot trainees. The additional recruitment of guardsmen led to the units having a manning and capabilities problem that lasted for some time until the unit was returned to full readiness.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Air Defense
In 1956, the 107th Fighter-Interceptor Wing was reorganized and redesignated as the 107th Air Defense Wing. The reorganization resulted in the activation of two new fighter groups, the 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group was redesignated the 107th Fighter Group (AD) and moved from Niagara Falls to Hancock Field in Syracuse, although the 136th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron remained at Niagara Falls and was assigned directly to the wing. The F-86H Sabre replaced the F-94B Starfires in 1957.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
A major change to the 136th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron in 1958 was the transition from an Air Defense Command mission to Tactical Air Command (TAC) and a tactical fighter mission, with the 136th being redesignated as the 137th Tactical Fighter Squadron. The new assignment involved a change in the squadron's training mission to include high-altitude interception, air-to-ground rocketry, ground strafing and tactical bombing. The squadron retained F-86H Sabres until 1960, when TAC replaced the F-86H with the F-100C Super Sabre.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
In 1962, the 107th Tactical Fighter Group moved back to Niagara Falls, with the activation of the 174th Tactical Fighter Group at Syracuse and the 136th was again assigned to it.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
Six F-100 fighters of the 136th deployed to Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii in 1965 for Operation Tropic Lighting I. The squadron provided close air support for jungle warfare training of the U. S. Army's 25th Division in Hawaii prior to their combat deployment to South Vietnam The Niagara jets were flown across the Pacific and refueled twice in flight, marking the first time an Air National Guard unit has performed such a mission.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
In January 1968, the 136th Tactical Fighter Squadron was federalized in the wake of the USS Pueblo crisis. It first deployed to Homestead Air Force Base, Florida for gunnery and close air ground support training in April. In June, the squadron moved to Tuy Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam to reinforce the 31st Tactical Fighter Wing. It was joined at Tuy Hoa by the New Mexico ANG 188th Tactical Fighter Squadron. In South Vietnam, the squadron carried the tail code "SG" on its F-100s.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
From Tuy Hoa, the squadron conducted combat operations, carried out interdiction strikes, conducted visual and photo reconnaissance, rescue combat air patrols, and suppressed enemy antiaircraft artillery. The squadron also conducted air operations against enemy forces during the 1968 Tet Offensive and the Siege of Khe Sanh from February–April 1968. It flew close air support missions during the extraction of friendly troops from Kham Duc on 12 May 1968.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
In South Vietnam, three squadron members were awarded the Purple Heart; one the Distinguished Flying Cross; and 43 received Air Medals. The New York State Medal of Valor was awarded posthumously to Captain Joseph L'Hullier of the 136th for heroism in Vietnam. Captain L'Hullier became the first New York Air National Guardsman to be killed in action while on active duty with a mobilized Air Guard organization since World War II. He died while on a combat fighter support mission.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Tactical Air Command
The squadron was returned to its home base of Niagara Falls in late May and returned to state control on 11 June 1969. In a final, moving tribute to their four fallen comrades – three pilots of the 136th killed in training, and one in action – F-100s from the 169th Tactical Fighter Group, South Carolina Air National Guard, flew over the demobilization ceremonies in the "missing man" formation.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, NORAD Air Defense
The 136th Tactical Fighter Squadron returned to an air defense mission in June 1971 when it received F-101B Voodoo interceptors and rejoined Aerospace Defense Command (ADCOM). In 1972, after the completion of the transition to the Voodoo from the F-100s, the 136th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron began operating on a 24-hour-a-day, 365 days a year alert as part of North American Air Defense Command (NORAD). In 1979, ADCOM was inactivated and the air defense mission was assumed by Tactical Air Command. The 107th FIG became gained by Air Defense, Tactical Air Command, which functioned at the Numbered Air Force echelon of TAC. In 1981 the 136th was re-equipped with F-4C Phantom IIs and in 1982 returned to NORAD alert status.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, NORAD Air Defense
The 136th received more advanced F-4D Phantom IIs in 1986. Beginning in July, a detachment was formed to provide air defense alert at Charleston AFB, South Carolina. With the detachment at Charleston, the 136th was on a 24/365 alert over a 1,480-mile round-trip area. Interceptors from Charleston monitored Soviet Air Force Tupolev Tu-95 "Bear" Bombers flying down the Atlantic seacoast to and from airfields in Cuba. The 136th also deployed to Ramstein Air Base, West Germany to perform an Air Defense Alert Mission in Operation Creek Klaxon. Squadrons from he Air National Guard rotated deployments and stood alert duties for just over a year at Ramstein while the resident 86th Tactical Fighter Wing converted to F-16C/D Fighting Falcons. The 86 TFW resumed alert duties on 1 April 1987.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, NORAD Air Defense
The 136th replaced its Vietnam Era F-4D Phantom II fighter aircraft with 20 Block 15 F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters configured as air defense fighters in 1990. Personnel and aircraft deployed to Jacksonville Air National Guard Base, Florida, taking advantage of the better weather conditions to accelerate the F-16 conversion.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, NORAD Air Defense
Due to its air defense commitment, the 136th was not mobilized during the 1991 Gulf Crisis. However, the 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group deployed firefighter and medical personnel as backfilled personnel to stateside basesvacated by active-duty personnel deployed to the Middle East.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, NORAD Air Defense
In 1992, the 136th was redesignated as the 136th Fighter Squadron. On 1 October 1995, the Air National Guard adopted the Air Force Objective Organization plan, and the squadron was assigned to the new 107th Operations Group.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Modern era
With the arrival of the KC-135R Stratotanker in March 1994, the 136th Fighter Squadron converted from an air defense mission to aerial refueling and was redesignated as the 136th Air Refueling Squadron. The 136th provided support for worldwide air refueling missions. When called upon, the 136th also used the KC-135R as a cargo and passenger transport.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Modern era
In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Modern era
Since 1996, the 136th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron, with the 136th being the major force provider, was formed and deployed in support of world contingencies including Operations to include, but not limited to, Strong Resolve 2002, Operation Uphold Democracy, Operation Deny Flight, Operation Decisive Endeavor, Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom and the Northeast Tanker Task Force.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Modern era
In November 2007, the 107th was notified that it would become an airlift unit. This was directed by the Base Realignment and Closure of 2005. It became an associate unit to the Air Force Reserve Command 914th Airlift Wing, already based at Niagara Falls. The 914th has had responsibility for the C-130H2 Hercules aircraft used by the 136th, and airmen from both units jointly operate them. With this change, the Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station received additional C-130 aircraft from the Tennessee Air National Guard's 118th Airlift Wing in Nashville. Tennessee. The 136th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron has deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Modern era
During Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012, members of the unit deployed to New York City and Long Island to assist in recovery operations. The unit was deployed first to Stewart Air National Guard Base in Newburgh and then traveled to Peekskill, which is in Westchester County. As part of the recovery effort, unit members performed road clearing, traffic control, helping displaced personnel with feeding and getting them back in their housing and getting them out of flood-stricken areas.


136th Attack Squadron, History, New York Air National Guard, Modern era
It was announced in early 2012 that federal budget reductions would affect the mission of the 107th Airlift Wing. The future of the unit is presently being discussed by New York representatives and the Air Force.


136th Civil Engineer Squadron
The 136th Civil Engineer Squadron (136 CES) is a unit of the 136th Airlift Wing, Texas Air National Guard, Texas Military Forces, stationed at Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base, Fort Worth, Texas. If activated to federal service, the Squadron is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.


136th Civil Engineer Squadron, Summary
Air Force Civil Engineering is an exciting and dynamic contingency related career field. Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force (Prime BEEF) personnel are called upon to participate in recovery operations as a result of natural and man-made disasters, or maybe subject to deploy and employ forces in hostile environments both conventional and non-conventional warfare.


136th Civil Engineer Squadron, Summary
Wartime tasked units must be prepared to mobilize and deploy within 52-hours of notification. In support of the Geographic Combatant Commanders and warfighters, the 136th Civil Engineer Squadron provides engineering support for initial Force Beddown at bare base and forward operating areas, base recovery after attack in contingency environments, rapid runway repair, and response to nuclear, biological, chemical, and conventional attacks.


136th Civil Engineer Squadron, Summary
The unit's peacetime role primarily focuses on contingency training in support of our wartime tasking, base infrastructure support, humanitarian aid to underprivileged countries, and assisting the citizens of the State of Texas in times of natural or man-made disasters. Unit expertise is divided into four main functional areas: Command and Control, Engineering, Emergency Management, and Operations, which consists of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning/Refrigeration (HVAC/R), Electrical Systems, Power Production, Mechanical Systems, Utility/Fuel Systems, Horizontal (Heavy Equipment), and Vertical (Structural) Flights.


136th Delaware General Assembly
The 136th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1st and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 8, 1991, which was two weeks before the beginning of the seventh administrative year of Republican Governor Michael N. Castle from New Castle County and the third year for Republican Lieutenant Governor Dale E. Wolf, also from New Castle County.


136th Delaware General Assembly
Currently the distribution of seats for both houses was based on the interpretation of the federal 1980 census. It resulted in a large numbers of membership numbers in the New Castle County area and ruling that the election districts would abandonment of county lines for their boundaries, but would design whatever district boundaries that would accomplish such population equals.


136th Delaware General Assembly
In the 136th Delaware General Assembly session the Senate had a  Democratic majority and the House had a Republican majority.


136th Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
About half the State Senators were elected every two years for a four-year term, except the decade district redesign year, when all served two years. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.


136th Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
All the State Representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:59, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 136th Division (第136師団, Dai-hyakusanjūroku Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Invincible Division (不抜兵団, Fubatsu Heidan). It was formed 10 July 1945 in Benxi as a triangular division. It was a part of the 8 simultaneously created divisions batch comprising 134th,  135th, 136th, 137th, 138th, 139th, 148th and 149th divisions. The nucleus for the formation were the 2nd (Suifenhe) (or 3rd), 4th (Hulin) border guards groups, 46th transport guards group and 77th Independent Mixed Brigade.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The 136th division formation was complete 31 July 1945, although the divisional numerical strength was only 60% of the required rifles, machine guns and cannons. To substitute for a lack of rifles, hand spears were issued. Also, divisional medical, chemical and biological warfare units were authorized but not formed. Finally, 136th division had a shortage of anti-tank explosive charges.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
At the start of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria 9 August 1945 the division was improving fortifications at Benxi. Immediately orders to move were received, and majority of troops gathered in Shenyang. Also, Airborne (assault) battalion was sent to Wensheng District while two battalions of the 372nd infantry regiment were sent to Liaoyang.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Also, with the start of the invasion, the Aritomi Airborne (assault) battalion in Xinmin, Liaoning was assigned to 136th division. Also, 10 August 1945, the Mizunima detachment formerly belonging to 108th division was received and also ordered to Shenyang. 13 August 1945, the divisional fortifications plans were approved and 371st infantry regiment was sent back to Benxi to implement it.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
The division was partially disarmed 19 August 1945, leaving about 15% of weapons for security duties. 20 August 1945, the division commander (Atsushi Nakayama) together with many other Japanese generals was kidnapped by the Red Army in Shenyang, resulting in his forced disappearance. The entire division was taken prisoner by Soviet Union forces 10 September 1945, and sent to labour camps.


136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
Majority of the men of the 136th division were taken prisoner to the Soviet Union in September 1945 - February 1946 period and then were housed in several labour camps, in Siberia and Moscow.


136th Georgia General Assembly
The 136th General Assembly of the U.S. state of Georgia convened its first session on January 12, 1981, at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta. The 136th Georgia General Assembly succeeded the 135th and served as the precedent for the 137th General Assembly in 1983.


136th Georgia General Assembly, Party standings, House of Representatives
*Active political parties in Georgia are not limited to the Democratic and Republican parties. Libertarians, and occasionally others, run candidates in elections. However, for the 1981-82 session of the General Assembly, only the two major parties were successful in electing legislators to office.


136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 136th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade is a mechanised infantry brigade of the Russian Ground Forces.


136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
On December 1, 1993, the 136th Motor Rifle Brigade was established at Buynaksk, Dagestan. In 1996-97, the brigade was merged with the 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment "Uman-Berlin" as the 136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade. The 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment was transferred to the North Caucasus at some point during the transformation of the 94th Guards Motor Rifle Division, returning from the GSFG, to become the 74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in the Siberian Military District.


136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, Ukraine conflict
Some sources have provided legitimate proof that the 136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade conducted combat operations in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, in 2014, during the Russo-Ukrainian War.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
136th Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment was an air defence unit of Britain's Royal Artillery during World War II. It protected the UK against air attack as part of Anti- Aircraft Command, including the defence against V-1 flying bombs (Operation Diver). It was disbanded at the end of the war.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Organisation
136th Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment (136th HAA Rgt) was formed during a period of rapid expansion of Anti- Aircraft Command, mainly utilising Territorial Army (TA) batteries drawn from existing regiments. Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) was established on 28 October 1941 at Newtown Linford, Leicestershire, and during November the following batteries were regimented with it:


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
The new regiment formed part of 32nd (Midland) Anti - Aircraft Brigade defending the East Midlands of England in 2nd AA Division. On 30 March 1942, a newly-formed 517 (Mixed) HAA Bty joined the regiment from 205th HAA Training Rgt at Arborfield. 'Mixed' indicated that two-thirds of the personnel of the battery were women drawn from the Auxiliary Territorial Service, who had been called upon to ease AA Command's manpower shortage. The battery had been formed on 13 January from a cadre of experienced officers and other ranks provided by 98th HAA Rgt. 136th HAA Regiment provided the cadre for 552 (M) HAA Bty formed on 26 March 1942 at 210th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry; this later joined 154th (M) HAA Rgt.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
At the beginning of April 1942, 136th HAA Rgt moved to 30th (Northumbrian) AA Bde in 7th AA Division covering North East England, but by the end of June it was back in the East Midlands with 32nd AA Bde. The Luftwaffe carried out a number of air raids against the Midlands and NE England in the middle part of 1942, but nothing on the scale of the Blitz in 1940–41.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
On 10 July 1942 198 HAA Battery was transferred to help form a new 165th HAA Rgt at Clifton, Bristol and was replaced by 468 HAA Bty from 78th (1st East Anglian) HAA Rgt. Then on 28 August 517 (M) HAA Bty left to form the basis for 172nd (M) HAA Rgt at Nottingham


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Deployment
In early 1943, 409 (Suffolk) HAA Bty was temporarily detached from the regiment and attached to 50th AA Bde covering Derby and Nottingham. In May, the whole of 136th HAA Rgt moved south to join 37th AA Bde along the north side of the Thames Estuary under 1 AA Group.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Baby Blitz and Operation Overlord
In August 1943 the regiment moved to 71st AA Bde. This was part of 2nd AA Group responsible for defending South East England and the approaches to London.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Baby Blitz and Operation Overlord
Between 21 January and 14 March 1944 the Luftwaffe carried out 11 night raids on London in the so-called 'Baby Blitz'. From April 1944, 2 AA Group had the additional responsibility of defending the ports at which the shipping for the invasion of Europe (Operation Overlord) was being gathered. By now, 136th HAA Rgt formed part of a new 102 AA Bde in 2 AA Group, but in May it transferred to 44 AA Bde, which had been brought down from Manchester take over the AA defences on the Isle of Wight. Here it came under the command of 6 AA Group, which had responsibility for covering the 'Overlord' embarkation ports around the Solent and Portsmouth. On the night of 16 May 182 and 409 HAA Btys submitted claims for 'kills' of Luftwaffe aircraft attempting to lay mines in the Solent.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Operation Diver
No sooner had the 'Overlord' fleet sailed on D-Day than the long-anticipated V-1 flying bomb campaign began against London. Large numbers of HAA guns under 2 AA Group were deployed in depth across the line of flight of the V-1s as part of Operation Diver. 136th HAA Regiment was one of the units immediately sent to reinforce 40 AA Bde in this 'Diver Belt'. However, the results were disappointing, and after a fortnight AA Command changed its tactics.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Operation Diver
Firstly, mobile HAA guns were replaced with static installations that could traverse more quickly to track the fast-moving targets and were given the latest Radar No 3 Mark V (the SCR-584 radar set) and No 10 Predictors (the all-electric Bell Labs AAA Computer). These were emplaced on temporary 'Pile platforms' named after the Commander-in-Chief of AA Command, Gen Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile. Secondly, the HAA gun belt was moved to the coast and interlaced with Light AA guns to hit the missiles out to sea.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Operation Diver
This new belt was divided into six brigade sectors, 5 AA Bde taking charge of one sector under 1 AA Gp with 136th HAA Rgt under command. The whole process involved the movement of hundreds of guns and vehicles and thousands of servicemen and women, but a new 8-gun site could be established in 48 hours. The guns were constantly in action, but the success rate against the 'Divers' steadily improved, until over 50 per cent of incoming missiles were destroyed by gunfire or fighter aircraft. This phase of Operation Diver ended in September after the V-1 launch sites in Northern France had been overrun by 21st Army Group. 136th HAA Regiment moved to the command of 71 AA Bde, still in the Diver Belt, in September.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Operation Diver
A new phase of the V-1 offensive began in the second half of September 1944 when the Luftwaffe began launching V-1s from aircraft flying over the North Sea. Once again, AA Command had to redeploy its guns. In October, 136th HAA Rgt rejoined 40 AA Bde, which had been transferred to the 'Diver Box' defences over the outer Thames Estuary. This time the wholesale movement of guns, platforms, personnel and huts fell into chaos as the staff work of the AA groups and brigades fell apart, earning a stinging rebuke from Gen Pile. The responsibilities proved too large for one group HQ, and a new 9 AA Group was formed to take command of the Diver defences on the coast of East Anglia, including 40 AA Bde.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Operation Diver
The Luftwaffe abandoned air-launched V-1s in January 1945, but a final burst of longer-range missiles were launched from the Netherlands in March 1945: the success rate of the AA guns against these was 80–100 per cent. Despite the depletion of AA Command to provide manpower for 21st Army Group, 136th HAA Rgt was one of the units that remained operational until the end. On 14 February 1945, 468 HAA Bty transferred to 128th HAA Rgt, which had lost two batteries disbanded. The war in Europe ended on VE Day, and AA Command was rapidly run down thereafter.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
After the war ended, 136th HAA Rgt briefly served in Scotland with 40 AA Bde, which had moved to Kincardine. On 1 April 1946, the war-formed 136th HAA Rgt was disbanded at King's Park, Glasgow, and its personnel were used to resuscitate the Regular 5th HAA Rgt, with the TA 409 (Suffolk) Bty placed in suspended animation to reform 8 HAA Bty of that regiment.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
(The original 5th HAA Rgt had been captured at the Fall of Hong Kong on 25 December 1941, but 8 HAA Bty had been operating independently in India and survived, fighting in the retreat through Burma in 1942; it had been placed in suspended animation on 28 February 1945.) The reformed 5th HAA Rgt went on to become 69 HAA Rgt in the postwar Regular Army.


136th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 409th (Suffolk) HAA Bty reformed at Lowestoft as a full regiment, 660 HAA Rgt.


136th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 136th Illinois Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Illinois that served in the Union Army between June 1 and October 30, 1864, during the American Civil War.


136th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was organized at Centralia, Illinois, and mustered in for one-hundred day service on June 1, 1864. In early June, they received marching orders to proceed by rail to Cairo, Illinois, from where they sailed with Fort Pillow as the boat's destination. On the regiment's arrival at Columbus, Kentucky, information that General Nathan Bedford Forrest would attack Fort Pillow was found to be incorrect. General Forrest's target was Columbus, an attack which didn't eventuate. The regiment remained there and performed garrison duty until September 26.


136th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
While stationed at Columbus, information was received that General Forrest and his confederate troops, would attack Paducah, Kentucky, and the regiment was ordered to march out and intercept Forrest's troops. On August 12, the expedition marched to Mayfield, Kentucky, but learned the confederate troops had changed direction and captured Memphis, Tennessee.


136th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
Returning to Columbus, the regiment reenlisted for a further fifteen days. The regiment was ordered from Columbus to Chicago, however, en route to Chicago, General Sterling Price's troops were in the process of raiding Missouri, and the 136th was ordered to Missouri. Having arrived at St. Louis, Missouri, and camped at Benton Barracks, the regiment was divided and companies sent to various forts throughout St. Louis, until October 15. From Missouri, the regiment moved to Camp Butler, Illinois, and on October 30 was mustered out. The 136th Regiment was never in a regular battle, though performed occasional raids against guerrillas. During its service the regiment had four men killed and lost forty men to disease.


136th Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 136th Indiana Infantry Regiment served in the Union Army between May 21 and September 2, 1864, during the American Civil War.


136th Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana and mustered in on May 21, 1864. It was ordered to Tennessee and Alabama for railroad guard duty, until early September 1864. The regiment was mustered out on September 2, 1864. During its service the regiment lost eight men to disease.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
The 136th Division (Chinese: 第136师) was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 25th Division, 9th Column of the Fourth Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 13th Brigade of Jidong Military District formed in November 1945.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In the composition of 46th Corps it took part in the Chinese civil war, including the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, and Hengbao Campaign.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
The division was composed of 406th, 407th, and 408th Infantry Regiments.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
From August 1952 to October 1955 the division was deployed to North Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In June 1953, 517th Artillery Regiment was activated and attached to the division.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In October 1955, the division left North Korea along with the corps HQ and was relocated in Jiaohe, Jilin Province.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In May 1957, the 407th Regiment was reconstituted into reduced status. In February 1960, the 407th Regiment was reestablished to full strength.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In April 1960 the division was redesignated as the 136th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第136师). The division was then composed of:


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In June 1962, the 136th Army Division was reconstituted as a division category B.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In August 1969, 517th Artillery Regiment was redesignated as the Artillery Regiment, 136th Army Division.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
From June to July 1975, the division was relocated to Xuzhou, Jiangsu.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In September 1978, the division was relocated to Linyi, Shandong.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In October 1985, the division was reconstituted as the 136th Infantry Division(Chinese: 步兵第136师) and maintained as a northern infantry division, category B;


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
The division was transferred to the 67th Army following 46th Army Corps' disbandment.


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
In 1999, the division merged with the Reserve Infantry Division of Kaifeng in Kaifeng, Henan and reconstituted as the 136th Reserve Infantry Division of Henan Provincial Military District(Chinese: 河南省军区预备役步兵第136师).


136th Infantry Division (People's Republic of China)
The division now maintains as a reserve infantry formation, locating in Kaifeng, Henan. The division now composed of:


136th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 136th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment in the Army National Guard.


136th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
A Silver color and enamel device 1 1⁄8 inches (2.9 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure, a bear cat rampant Argent between in fess a five-pointed mullet and a gopher sejant Or; on a chief of the second a saltire couped of the field. Attached below the shield a Silver scroll inscribed "REX MONTIS" in Blue letters.


136th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
The consolidation of the former 217th Coast Artillery Regiment with the 136th Infantry Regiment is depicted in the design: The bear cat is from the coat of arms of the 136th Infantry Regiment, World War II; the star and gopher are from the coats of arms of the former 205th and 206th Infantry Regiments, predecessors of the 217th Coast Artillery Regiment. The chief, bearing a saltire, is incorporated in this coat of arms to symbolize the Civil War service of the original 136th Infantry Regiment. The shield is blue for Infantry.


136th Infantry Regiment (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 14 November 1951.


136th Infantry Regiment (United States), Decorations
following units entitled to the MUC streamer embroidered ASIATIC-PACIFIC THEATER


136th Mixed Brigade
The 136th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war, it was assigned to the Guadalajara front, without having a relevant role.


136th Mixed Brigade, History
The unit was created on 1 May 1937 in Girona, from regular soldiers, militiamen from the Jubert Division, Madrid defense forces and confederal militias from Barcelona and Figueras. The command of the new 136th Mixed Brigade fell to Francisco Costell Salido and the brigade was integrated into the 33rd Division. Initially, the brigade moved along with the rest of the division to the Andalusian front, although in June it moved to the Guadalajara front.


136th Mixed Brigade, History
In November 1937 the 136th Mixed Brigade was assigned to the 14th Division in Guadalajara, remaining in reserve, although on 6 December it was again located on the front line - covering the Cifuentes sector. On 10 February 1938 the brigade faced four enemy assaults against its positions in the Vertice Sierra and Cabezo Cano, managing to repel them. A few weeks later, between 1 and 6 April, it intervened in a small offensive on the Cuenca front that, however, did not bear the desired results. During the rest of the war, it did not intervene again in relevant military operations. At the end of March 1939 the 136th MB withdrew to Madrid, where it dissolved itself.


136th New York Infantry Regiment
The 136th New York Infantry Regiment (aka "Ironclads") was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 136th New York Infantry was organized at Portage, New York beginning August 8, 1862 and mustered in for three years service on September 25, 1862 under the command of Colonel James Wood Jr..


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, to November 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1863, and Army of the Cumberland to April 1864. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 136th New York Infantry mustered out of service June 13, 1865. Recruits and veterans were transferred to the 60th New York Volunteer Infantry.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Washington, D.C., October 3, 1862. Moved to Fairfax Station, Va., October 10, 1862; then to Fairfax Court House, and duty there until November 1. Moved to Warrenton, then to Germantown, Va., November 1–20. Marched to Fredericksburg December 10–15. At Falmouth, Va., until April 27, 1863. "Mud March" January 20–24. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3. Pursuit of Lee July 5–24. Camp at Bristoe Station August 1 to September 24.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Bridgeport, Ala., September 24-October 3. Marched along the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad to Lookout Valley, Tenn., October 25–28. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Battle of Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 28–29. Ringgold-Chattanooga Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23. Tunnel Hill November 24–25. Missionary Ridge November 25. March to relief of Knoxville, Tenn., November 28-December 17. Duty in Lookout Valley until May, 1864. Atlanta Campaign May 1 to September 8. Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8–9. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
New Hope Church May 25. Battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 26-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes' Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 6–17. Peachtree Creek July 11–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta September 2-November 15. March to the sea November 15-December 10.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Carolinas Campaign January to April 1865. Lawtonville, S.C., February 2. Skirmish of Goldsboro Road, near Fayetteville, N. C., March 14. Averysboro March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 9–13. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 30. Grand Review of the Armies May 24.


136th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 165 men during service; 2 officers and 71 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 91 enlisted men died of disease.


136th New York State Legislature
The 136th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to December 12, 1913, while William Sulzer, and then Martin H. Glynn, were Governor of New York, in Albany.


136th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1906 and 1907, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (eight districts), Erie County (three districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.


136th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Progressive Party, the Socialist Party, the Independence League, the Prohibition Party and the Socialist Labor Party also nominated tickets.


136th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1912, was held on November 5. Congressman William Sulzer and Martin H. Glynn were elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor; both Democrats. The other seven statewide elective offices up for election were also carried by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for governor, was: Democrats 650,000; Republicans 444,000; Progressives-Independence League 393,000; Socialists 57,000; Prohibition 19,000; and Socialist Labor 4,000.


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 1, 1913; and adjourned on May 2.


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Al Smith (D) was elected Speaker with 102 votes against 42 for Harold J. Hinman (R) and 3 for Michael Schaap (P).


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Robert F. Wagner (D) was re-elected President pro tempore of the State Senate.


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for a special session at the State Capitol in Albany on June 16. This session was called by Governor Sulzer to try again to amend the primary election law. Instead, the legislators formed a committee to investigate Sulzer. On August 13, Governor Sulzer was impeached by the Assembly with a vote of 79 to 45. Lt . Gov. Glynn then claimed to be Acting Governor, but was contested by Sulzer. After some days, the courts recognized Glynn as Acting Governor, pending the verdict of the impeachment trial.


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature took a recess on August 28; and met again on September 17.


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On September 18, 1913, the New York Court for the Trial of Impeachments met in the Senate chamber at the State Capitol in Albany. The trial ended on October 12 with the conviction, and removal from office, of Governor William Sulzer. Lt . Gov. Martin H. Glynn succeeded to the governor's office for the remainder of the term; and President pro tem Robert F. Wagner became Acting Lieutenant Governor.


136th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature took a recess on October 22; met again on November 10 and took a recess the same day; met again on December 8; and finally adjourned on December 12. On the last day, a Workmen's Compensation Bill was passed.


136th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. John C. Fitzgerald, James A. Foley, John J. Boylan, George A. Blauvelt, John D. Stivers, George H. Whitney, Clayton L. Wheeler, Thomas B. Wilson, John Seeley and Gottfried H. Wende changed from the Assembly to the Senate.


136th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


136th New York State Legislature, State Assembly
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 136th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 136th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 136th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in May 18, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel W. Smith Irwin.


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to July 1864. 3rd Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to August 1864.


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 136th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service August 30, 1864.


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left Ohio for Washington, D.C., May 13. Assigned to garrison duty at Forts Ellsworth, Williams and in the northern defenses of Washington, D.C. until August. Participated in the repulse of Early's attack on Washington July 11–12.


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.


136th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost 25 men during service; 2 officers and 23 enlisted men due to disease.


136th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 136th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


136th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 136th Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and mustered in for a nine-month enlistment beginning August 22, 1862, under the command of Colonel Thomas McKee Bayne.


136th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps, Army of the Potomac.


136th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 136th Pennsylvania Infantry mustered out of service on May 29, 1863.


136th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Washington, D.C., August 29, and duty there until September 29. Moved to Fort Frederick, Md., then to Sharpsburg. Duty at Sharpsburg, Md., until October 30. Movement to Falmouth, Va., October 30-November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 12-15. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20-24, 1863. Duty at Falmouth and Belle Plains until April 27. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Operations at Pollock's Mill Creek April 29-May 2. Fitzhugh's Crossing April 29-30. Battle of Chancellorsville May 2-5.


136th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 56 men during service; 3 officers and 23 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 30 enlisted men died of disease.


136th Rifle Division
The 136th Rifle Division was a division in the Red Army during World War II. It was formed three times.


136th Rifle Division, 1st Formation
1939 – February 1942: On 22 June 1941 it was part of the 23rd Rifle Corps of the Transcaucasian Military District. Redesignated 15th Guards Rifle Division in 1942.


136th Rifle Division, 3rd Formation
February 1943 – May 1945: Formed February 1943. The division disbanded in summer 1945 as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.


136th meridian east
The meridian 136° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


136th meridian east
The 136th meridian east forms a great circle with the 44th meridian west.


136th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 136th meridian east passes through:


136th meridian west
The meridian 136° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


136th meridian west
The 136th meridian west forms a great circle with the 44th meridian east.


136th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 136th meridian west passes through:


137 (number)
137 (one hundred [and] thirty-seven) is the natural number following 136 and preceding 138.


137 (number), In mathematics
Using two radii to divide a circle according to the golden ratio yields sectors of approximately 137° (the golden angle) and 222°. 1/137 = 0.00729927007299270072992700..., its period value is palindromic and has a period length of only 8. 1/137 was once believed to be the exact value of the fine-structure constant.


137 BC
Year 137 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Porcina and Mancinus (or, less frequently, year 617 Ab urbe condita) and the Fourth Year of Jianyuan. The denomination 137 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


137 Meliboea
137 Meliboea is a large, dark main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer J. Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory on 21 April 1874, the second of his many asteroid discoveries. It was later named after one of the three Meliboeas in Greek mythology. The largest body in the Meliboea family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements, only 791 Ani approaches its size. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and may be composed of carbonaceous materials. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.


137 Meliboea
Photometric observations of this asteroid made at the Torino Observatory in Italy during 1990–1991 were used to determine a synodic rotation period of 15.28 ± 0.02 hours. A 2009 study at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico found a period of 25.676 ± 0.001 hours and a brightness variation of 0.16 ± 0.02 in magnitude. They ruled out a period of 15 hours determined in previous studies.


137 Meliboea
During 2002, 137 Meliboea was observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 144 ± 16 km. This is consistent with the asteroid dimensions computed through other means.


137 km
137 km (Russian: 137 км) is a rural locality (a passing loop) in Cheremichkinskoye Rural Settlement of Topkinsky District, Russia. The population was 16 as of 2010.


137 km, Geography
The passing loop is located on the Yurga-Tashtagol line, 69 km south of Topki (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1370
Year 1370 (MCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.