12th Chief Directorate
It is responsible for the safe-keeping, technical maintenance, transportation, delivery, issuance, disposal, etc. of the nuclear arsenal of the state, as well as the testing of nuclear charges, which includes ensuring ecological safety of such tests and the maintenance of Soviet/Russian testing grounds, known in Russian as "polygons" – in Semipalatinsk (Semipalatinsk Test Site, now Kazakhstan) and on Novaya Zemlya Archipelago.


12th Chief Directorate
Unlike the GRU (Chief Directorate of Intelligence), the 12th GU MO is not a chief directorate of the General Staff, but a chief directorate of the Ministry of Defense. As such it is not subordinated to the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet/Russian Armed Forces, but directly to the Minister of Defense, which makes it higher in status compared to the GRU. Position of the Chief of the 12th GU MO is equal to that of the commander of a military district, and supposed to be occupied by a 4-star General or by a Marshal of Artillery. However, in practice, out of seven chiefs of this Organization, only one (E.V. Boichuk) has held such a high rank – the other six were only three-star Generals.


12th Chief Directorate, Officers
Officers, or cadres, for the 12th GU MO are supplied mainly by a special nuclear weapons faculty of the Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces situated in Serpukhov, near Moscow, and by a special faculty of the Dzerzhinsky Military Academy. The 12th GU MO maintains its own training facility for commissioned officers and for warrant-officers at Sharapovo village, near the city of Sergiev Posad, where commissioned officers possessing other military specialties are educated in nuclear arsenal maintenance skills in 6-month-long courses. Non


12th Chief Directorate, Officers
-essential specialists (those commissioned and non-commissioned officers and soldiers who perform general tasks unrelated to nuclear weapons) could be supplied by other military colleges and academies, but these people can not obtain positions in the 12th GU MO or in either of its subordinated units unless they (as well as their family) could get a special security clearance.


12th Chief Directorate, Officers
In the USSR only members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union could be appointed to serve in the 12th GU MO or in any of its subordinated units, including its Special Control Service (even young conscripts who served there only two years without actually knowing anything about nuclear weapons must obtain special security clearance and must necessarily be members of the Communist Union of Youth, a.k.a. "Komsomol").


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
In its main part the 12th GU MO consists of the headquarters, or the "directorate of the Chief of the 12 Chief Directorate", located in central Moscow – Znamenskiy Pereulok 19, unit number 31600. There was also a central archive, popularly known as "the nuclear registrar," where any and every piece of the Soviet or Russian nuclear munitions is registered. Besides, it consists of a network of nuclear arsenal bases both central and "dedicated" where nuclear warheads/munitions are actually being kept. These bases are called "Special-Technical Formations", but their whole is called "Special Troops of Supreme Command Reserve".


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Each base is typically the size of a regiment, sometimes the size of a brigade, but it is usually commanded by a major-general or sometimes by a rear admiral rather than by a colonel because their importance and elevated status makes them technically equal to that of a regular infantry or other division. Many of commanding officers serving at its Moscow headquarters bear general's and admiral's ranks, since almost all of them are being promoted from among remote arsenal base commanders.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
That is why percentage of generals and admirals among commissioned officers in the 12th GU MO is considerably higher than in any other military organization of the Russian Army or the Russian Navy.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Such nuclear arsenal bases are usually located far enough from big cities (at least 50 kilometres), but close enough to the military units that would use these nuclear warheads in case of war (primarily it is Intercontinental Ballistic Missile batteries, but also missile batteries with shorter range, theatre and tactical missile units, navy and aviation units armed with nuclear weapons, units of military saboteurs and engineers that were supposed to use portable nuclear munitions, anti-aircraft and anti-ballistic missile defences that use nuclear-tipped missiles, etc.).


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
So the main purpose of the 12th Chief Directorate's existence is to securely separate "end-users" of nuclear weapons from their actual nuclear weapons during times of peace. Only in case of real necessity those who are supposed to have nuclear weapons would get them and it could only happen when authorized by the top political leadership.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Presently only some small number of nuclear warheads are always issued to end-users, such as warheads attached to ballistic missiles currently at service, but most of the Russian nuclear arsenal is being securely kept by the 12th Chief Directorate units and could only be issued to others in case of emergency.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Moreover, this organization is tasked to collect currently issued nuclear warheads back from their end-users for a reason of replacement or upgrading, and to conduct technical maintenance on nuclear weapons currently issued to end-users at their territories. For this reason each military unit that armed with nuclear warheads currently in service also has some permanently attached representatives of the 12th GU MO nearest arsenal bases whose main duty is to supervise prescribed handling and to conduct required technical maintenance of these issued nuclear warheads.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
The 12th GU MO nuclear arsenal bases' staff is additionally trained for being able to attach nuclear warheads to their carriers, ballistic and other missiles, to strategic bombers and to other kind of aircraft, a task which usually assigned to special units of end-users. Such additional training is conducted for a reason that 12th GU MO specialists could replace specialists of the end-users in this capacity in case of emergency.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Another task of the 12th GU MO is to prevent so-called "nuclear terrorism," but this is a relatively modern task, which did not exist formerly.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Besides these nuclear arsenal bases, the 12th Chief Directorate maintains several nuclear weapons research institutes in Moscow and in Sergiev Posad, near Moscow, with their subsidiaries located at nuclear testing grounds in Semipalatinsk-21 and on Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, and in several other cities (Saint Petersburg, for example). It also maintains a separate research institute tasked with developing nuclear explosions detection technology.


12th Chief Directorate, Structure and tasks
Another function of the 12th GU MO is to serve as a link between the Armed Forces and those branches of Soviet/Russian industry and science related to nuclear weapons developing and manufacturing. It is actually the 12th Chief Directorate that develops detailed plans for required nuclear armament and its improvements and places orders for nuclear weapons production before civilian manufacturers.


12th Chief Directorate, Secrecy
The 12th GU MO is probably the most secretive organization of the Soviet/Russian Armed Forces, even more than the GRU or the Strategic Rocket Forces. Even though today Russia has become more open and even some articles appear in its mass-media openly describing the "Nuclear Technical Service" Directorate, this organization remains off-limits. However, during Soviet times the most of commissioned officers, even though highly educated ones, had little or no knowledge that the 12th Chief Directorate existed. In the Soviet times it was considered taboo to talk about it outside of secured premises. When talking to strangers, even to other commissioned officers of the Armed Forces, one could only refer to their unit by its coded number. For example, you could say that "I serve as a tank platoon commander at the military unit 31600," but nothing more than that.


12th Chief Directorate, Secrecy
Most of officials of the 12th GU MO headquarters wear gunnery uniforms and bear military ranks typical to artillery, since this organization is considered being primarily an "arsenal." However, when it comes to its personnel serving in its remote nuclear arsenal bases, it could wear various military uniforms, ranging from aviation and navy to even tank-crews and marines, because it is a long-time policy of the 12th GU MO to disguise its remote units.


12th Chief Directorate, Secrecy
All service personnel of the 12th GU MO are explicitly forbidden to reveal to anyone, even to their spouses, that they serve in the Nuclear Technical Service, in the 12th Chief Directorate, or that they have anything to do with nuclear weapons. Moreover, a majority of non-essential staff of nuclear arsenal bases do not know that they actually maintain nuclear weapons. Every unit of this organization has its own cover story based on its location and its currently worn uniform and all its personnel must strictly adhere to this story when dealing with strangers. Some bases also use "civilian legends." For example, nuclear arsenal base unit number 62047 in Krasnokamianka, Kizil-Tash, Crimea, was masquerading as a "wine-making enterprise".


12th Chief Directorate, Secrecy
Active disinformation measures to this effect are meticulously planned and are regularly conducted not only in order to create a wrong impression among local population and neighbouring military units, but even to misinform conscripts and other unrelated staff serving at actual arsenal bases. For example, tanks and artillery pieces that are maintained as a part of the cover story could be seen by neighbours on daily "routine" exercises in corresponding bogus "tank" or "artillery" regiments.


12th Chief Directorate, Secrecy
In order to minimize spreading of information about these bases, their commissioned staff was encouraged to serve at one location for as long as possible and not to seek promotions outside their bases (while it was typical for Soviet military in general to move officers every 3–5 years to various places and to promote them exclusively outside of their former military units).


12th Chief Directorate, Nuclear arsenal base structure
Each nuclear arsenal base typically consists of the following main services and units:


12th Chief Directorate, Nuclear arsenal bases functioning and training
The main arsenal service, its ETS, and all attached to it transportation and communication detachments, guards, and sappers are subdivided into several so-called Special Tactical Groups (STGs). These were highly mobile units trained to deliver nuclear warheads to designated end-users in various circumstances, including those during ongoing battles and even during unfolding nuclear war. These STGs are mostly based on various automobile transport, but also on rail-way transport, and sometimes, on helicopter transport. Even those auxiliary tanks that are designed to serve as a cover for the arsenal base could be used to reinforce these STGs on their full march.


12th Chief Directorate, Nuclear arsenal bases functioning and training
The 12th Chief Directorate maintains its own secure communication system, independent of others, that links its peace-time and war-time headquarters with all its bases and with other subordinated units. Additional local communication systems of each arsenal base securely link its main command post with its multiple mobile STGs. The main communication system of the 12th GU MO has its own unique coded commands that could be used to instantly transmit orders to elevate readiness and to begin loading, delivering, and issuing nuclear warheads and other nuclear munitions to their end-users. Such commands must be transmitted via at least three different communication channels simultaneously to guarantee their delivery. Delivery of such commands must be practiced at least once a day.


12th Chief Directorate, Nuclear arsenal bases functioning and training
More extended exercises that include execution of alerts of a "higher readiness" and "combat readiness," with actual loading of warheads into transport and dispatching the STGs towards the end-users, must be conducted at least several times per year. All nuclear arsenal bases are linked by their own railways to the vast Russian railway system (nuclear warheads/munitions are being moved from production plants to the 12th Chief Directorate units and between these units usually by railway).


12th Chief Directorate, Security
Each base is heavily guarded. The guards belong to two independent organizations: some to the FSB, and some to the 12th Chief Directorate itself. This arrangement is made in such a way that guards could not make any sinister agreements among themselves. Moreover, guards from the 12th GU MO are organized into a separate battalion which makes them independent from those dealing with nuclear weapons inside. Each arsenal base is encircled by barbed wire carrying current, by various electronic and laser movement detection devices, by border furrow, and sometimes even by mine fields in between.


12th Chief Directorate, Security
Guard dogs are also used in some cases. In addition to an outer guarding perimeter there is also an inner guarding perimeter, which encircles the nuclear depot (its "technical zone"), where only authorized officers could have access. Even when it is needed to bring in some truck to load or to unload, the truck’s driver has to get out and then some authorized officer would replace the driver to drive the truck into the technical zone.


12th Chief Directorate, Security
The technical zone itself is also separated into several restricted zones of various levels of access in accordance with actual levels of security clearance of staff admitted there. Inside such an inner perimeter all technical premises where nuclear warheads are being kept and maintained, are normally buried deep underground and usually equipped with full anti-atomic protection; for example, typical weight of steel safe-like hermetic doors to the inner premises is over 40 tons. These premises, as well as command posts, could likely survive a thermo-nuclear explosion and the officers there could still be able to deliver their warheads in such conditions.


12th Chief Directorate, History
The 12th Chief Directorate was formerly known as the "Special Department of the General Staff", and later – as the "6th Directorate of the Ministry of Defense". It has been created on September 4, 1947, based on "KB-11" (in Russian: "КБ-11" - "Design Buhhkkvccreau 11", also known in Russia as off-limits town "Arzamas-16", later "Sarov"); its first chief was Major-General-Engineer (later – full General) Viktor Bolyatko.


12th Chief Directorate, History
The first curator of this organization was Lavrentiy Beria, the then mighty chief of the Soviet NKVD. It is widely believed until today that if not for Beria’s personal efforts, neither the Nuclear Technical Service, nor actual nuclear weapons would ever be created in the Soviet Union. In fact, it was Beria who spearheaded the campaign for creating the USSR's own nuclear weapons program and who contributed to it, including supplying some nuclear technology stolen by his intelligence service from the United States researchers. For this reason, Beria is considered to the god-father of this organization.


12th Chief Directorate, History
Even though for the rest of the Soviet Union Beria was declared an "enemy of the people", relegated to "unperson" status and excluded from the 30-volumed Great Soviet Encyclopedia, he remains a highly revered figure within the off-limits structure of the 12th GU MO, and especially within its scientific research institutions. Beria’s portraits and statues are still maintained in some premises and flowers are laid to his statures on his birthdays and on some other occasions.


12th Chief Directorate, History
Even in the post-Soviet times when the entire communist past was declared criminal, the alleged "top of the top communist criminal" Lavrentiy Beria continued to enjoy similar reverence among nuclear weapons specialists. For example, the 6-volumes collective work named "Nuclear Testing in the USSR" published few years after the USSR disappearance still features seditious Beria’s portrait first in this book, before any other photos.


12th Chief Directorate, History
The 12th Chief Directorate in its current capacity was formed in February 1959. Three years later the Organization managed to effectively and secretly delivered numerous combat-ready nuclear warheads of six different types to Cuba during an infamous strategic Operation Anadyr, a move that resulted in the most dangerous nuclear stand-off between the United States and the Soviet Union. On the next stage of its development the Nuclear Technical Service was headed by General Nikolai Pavlovich Yegorov.


12th Chief Directorate, History
The next and the most well-known chief was Marshal of Artillery Yefim Boychuk, who held this position from February 1974 until November 1985 and was credited with transforming the organization into the most effective nuclear weapons protection, delivery, and maintenance system. During his command the 12th GU MO lost its initial "warehouse image" and became a real effective branch of the Soviet Armed Forces, in some respects surpassing by its effectiveness of well-known Soviet special purpose forces such as "Spetsnaz" and the "VDV" (Russian Airborne Troops). The last chief of this organization during the Soviet Union was General Vladimir Gerasimov.


12th Chief Directorate, History
The 12th Chief Directorate was re-created as a part of Russian Armed Forces on September 2, 1993, by a special order No.68 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. The first post-soviet chief of the 12th GU MO was General Yevgeny Maslin. In September 1997 he was replaced by General Igor Valynkin. Valynkin was succeeded in December 2005 by Vladimir Verkhovtsev.


12th Chief Directorate, Special Control Service
There is a smaller autonomous organization within the main 12th GU MO structure – "the Special Control Service of the Defense Ministry," Military Unit Number 46179, "atomic intelligence," or "nuclear intelligence" of the former Soviet Union.


12th Chief Directorate, Special Control Service
The Special Control Service (SSK, Russian: Служба Специального Контрола) is tasked with gathering intelligence on nuclear weapons and particularly on nuclear testing of various adversaries of the former USSR by all means – ranging from six technical control methods to analyzing radio-intercepts and periodicals. The Special Control Service was not a part of the 12th GU MO from very beginning, but was formerly a part of the GRU, its 6th Directorate’s department of special observation. However, it was later detached from the GRU and made an independent Special Observation Service of the Defense Ministry. Then it was renamed into a Special Control Service and re-subordinated first to the Directorate of the Commander of the Chemical Troops (the analogue of a standard ABC service in the Soviet Army), and then again re-subordinated to the 12th GU MO.


12th Chief Directorate, Special Control Service
The Special Control Service has its own network of military units, named "detection laboratories", each headed by a Colonel, which are situated in many spots inside and outside of the Soviet Union and are all linked to the Service headquarters and to its computation centres by its own secure communication network which is totally independent from the communication network of the 12th GU MO itself.


12th Chief Directorate, Special Control Service
To mark the 60th anniversary of the Special Control Service, in May 2018, the Ministry of Defence released a video recounting the tasks of the service. Apart from nuclear explosion monitoring for the Russian Government itself, the SCS also coordinates activities by the Russian Federal Government and the Academy of Sciences to carry out Russian obligations to implement the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.


12th Chief Directorate, Tactical nuclear munitions
As of 1989 year in all USSR republics there were tactical nuclear munitions:


12th Cinema Express Awards
The 12th Cinema Express Awards were held on 22 April 1992, and honoured the best of South Indian films released in 1991. The awards were announced in March.


12th Cinema Express Awards, Solidaire excellency awards
Awards in this field were given to film producer G. Venkateswaran, playback singer S. Janaki, art director Thota Tharani and special effects artist Venky.


12th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival
The 12th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival was held from August 5–14, 2016 in Metro Manila, Philippines. This marks the return of full-length films after their absence in last year's edition. A total of nine full-length features and ten short films competed. The festival was opened by Carlo Obispo's 1-2-3 and was closed by Gil Portes' Ang Hapis at Himagsik ni Hermano Puli. At the awards night, both Pamilya Ordinaryo and Tuos dominated, with each receiving five awards. Pamilya Ordinaryo won Best Film.


12th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival, Entries
The winning film is highlighted with boldface and a dagger.


12th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival, Awards
The awards ceremony was held on August 14, 2016 at the Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo, Cultural Center of the Philippines.


12th Coast Artillery (United States)
The 12th Coast Artillery Regiment was a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army, constituted in the Regular Army on 27 February 1924. It served in the Harbor Defenses of the Chesapeake with headquarters at Fort Monroe, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. At that point the regiment effectively became the 2nd Coast Artillery; on paper the 2nd Coast Artillery was transferred from the Harbor Defenses of Cristobal in the Panama Canal Zone and the 12th was transferred (less personnel and equipment) to that harbor defense. However, the 12th was never activated again, and on 19 June 1944 was disbanded.


12th Coast Artillery (United States), Lineage
Constituted in the Regular Army on 27 February 1924 as 12th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) (HD), and organized 1 July 1924 at Fort Monroe by redesignating the following companies of the Coast Artillery Corps (CAC): 112th, 58th, 139th, 158th, 164th, 103rd, 166th, and 169th.


12th Coast Artillery (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
A gold griffin statant wing wings elevated and addorsed within a red ring bearing the motto "IMPIGER ET ANIMOSUS" in gold. Due to the lack of artwork, tools, drawings and having no sample, we are unable to determine the exact design of the insignia.


12th Coast Artillery (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
The griffin is a fictitious heraldic animal noted for watchfulness and strength, half eagle and half lion, and emphasizes the motto which translates to "Alert and Courageous."


12th Coast Artillery (United States), Distinctive unit insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 10 November 1924. It was rescinded on 14 March 1975.


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
The 87th Division (Chinese: 第87师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 33rd Brigade, 11th Column of the Huadong Field Army, which was activated in April 1948.


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
The division was part of the 29th Corps. Under the flag of the 87th Division, it was engaged in several battles in the Chinese Civil War, including the Shanghai Campaign.


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In October 1950 the division was transferred to Fujian Military Region's control with the disbandment of the 29th Corps.


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In July 1952, the division was reconstituted as the 13th Public Security Division(Chinese: 公安第13师). The division was mainly tasked with the defense of Pingtan Island and Nanri Island in Fujian. The division was under the control of Public Security Troops Command, Huadong Military Region.


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In June 1956, the division was reconstituted into a garrison formation. In February 1957 the division was reorganized as the 13th Garrison Division(Chinese: 守备第13师).


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In November 1969, the division was renamed as 2nd Garrison Division of Fuzhou Military Region(Chinese: 福州军区守备第2师).


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In September 1985, following the disbandment of Fuzhou Military Region, the division was redesignated as 12th Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region(Chinese: 南京军区守备第12师).


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In 1992, the division was reconstituted as 12th Coastal Defense Division(Chinese: 海防第12师). The division was then composed of:


12th Coastal Defense Division (People's Republic of China)
In April 2017 the division was reduced as the 303rd Coastal Defense Brigade(Chinese: 海防第303旅). It is now serving as a coastal defense formation of the Eastern Theatre Command Ground Forces.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade
The 12th Combat Aviation Brigade is a Combat Aviation Brigade of the United States Army. It was first organized as the 12th Aviation Group at Fort Benning, Georgia, on 18 June 1965.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Vietnam
The unit deployed to Vietnam in August 1965 to command non-organic Army aviation units, and by November 1965, the group consisted of 11,000 personnel and 34 aviation units. Between 1965 and 1966 the group doubled in size and was used to form the 1st Aviation Brigade in March 1966.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Vietnam
Assigned to the Military Region III in Vietnam, the 12th Group was the largest unit of its type to serve in combat. Its colors, emblazoned with 18 campaign streamers, give lasting testimony to its role. The unit earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation, two Vietnamese Crosses for Gallantry with Palm, and the Vietnamese Civic Action Medal, First Class while in Vietnam.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Cold War
Upon its return in March 1973, the 12th Aviation Group became a major subordinate command of the XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In November 1979, the 12th Aviation Group deployed to Lindsey Air Station, Wiesbaden, Germany as a major subordinate command of the V Corps, providing command and control of aviation units throughout the V Corps area of operation. In April 1984, Headquarters Company, 12th Aviation Group moved to Wiesbaden Air Base.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Cold War
In October 1987, under army-wide restructuring, the 12th Aviation Group was re-designated as the 12th Aviation Brigade, along with its subordinate units: 5th Battalion, 158th Aviation Regiment; C Company, 7th Battalion, 158th Aviation Regiment; and B Company, 6th Battalion, 158th Aviation Regiment. In the latter part of 1988, the Brigade re-structured again when the 5th Squadron (AH 64), 6th Cavalry Regiment arrived in Europe.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Cold War
During the Cold War years the 12th had a 12-man pathfinder platoon assigned to the group headquarters. The authorization for the pathfinder unit was deleted around the time the group was redesignated a brigade and the pathfinders departed as their tours ended. Their beret flash and parachute wing trimming can be seen on the Institute of Heraldry website.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Middle East
In August 1990, the Brigade deployed to Southwest Asia for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm with 2–3 Aviation Regiment (Attack) attached. During Desert Storm the Brigade provided a highly mobile and lethal maneuver force to the multi-national forces in Saudi Arabia. Initially attached to the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), the Brigade became a major subordinate command of XVIII Airborne Corps in January 1991. During the four-day coalition ground offensive, the Brigade flew nearly 400 flight hours, transporting 390 tons of cargo to forward deployed units and providing essential combat and combat support services for the ground offensive.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Post-Cold War
On 15 June 1992, the 5th Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment was de-activated as part of the downsizing of U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR). The 3rd Battalion, 58th Aviation Regiment (Air Traffic Services) joined the Brigade on 16 June 1992.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Post-Cold War
Since the end of the Cold War, the Brigade has played a major role in America's peacekeeping operations. From 1991 until 1996, 12th Brigade ensured the safety of Kurdish citizens during Operation Provide Comfort. The Brigade operated the Beirut Air Bridge from 1993 until 1998, providing a logistical lifeline to the US Embassy in Beirut from Cyprus. The Brigade also deployed soldiers to Hungary and Bosnia in 1995 to enforce the peace during Operations Joint Endeavor and Joint Guard.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Post-Cold War
In April 1999, the Brigade deployed to Tirana, Albania as part of Task Force Hawk in support of NATO Operation Allied Force. The Brigade Task Force consisted of 65 aircraft including UH-60 Black Hawks, CH-47 Chinooks, AH-64 Apaches, and UH-60 MEDEVAC aircraft. When peace was declared in June 1999, the Brigade transported elements of the 82nd Airborne Division into Macedonia and Kosovo, moving 390 personnel, 24 vehicles, and 13 pallets of equipment in less than 48 hours of the signing of the Military Technical Agreement.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Post-Cold War
The Brigade flew in excess of 6,000 hours and conducted 22,185 aircraft movements in support of operations in Albania, Macedonia, and Kosovo, with CH-47 and Air Traffic Control elements supporting Task Force Falcon until March 2001 and June 2000, respectively. After returning from Task Force Hawk and Task Force Falcon, 12th Brigade prepared for re-structuring and re-stationing initiatives. USAREUR Movement Directive 5-00 directed all of the Aviation Brigade elements stationed at Wiesbaden Army Airfield to move to Giebelstadt Army Airfield. On 30 June 2000, 5th Battalion, 158th Aviation Regiment, the largest aviation battalion in theater consisting of 840 soldiers, split into two separate battalions, 3-158 Aviation Regiment and 5-158 Aviation Regiment. On 31 August 2000, all units from Wiesbaden closed on Giebelstadt Army Airfield.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, War on Terror
In support of the Global War on Terror, the 12th Aviation Brigade conducted full spectrum combat operations during its year-long deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom. The brigade flew thousands of hours, moved over 25,000 personnel, and controlled over 230,000 air movements. In February 2005 the 12th Aviation Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in support Operation Enduring Freedom and to Pakistan in support of International Earthquake Humanitarian Relief Operations. While in support of Operation Enduring Freedom Task Force Griffin flew in excess of 52,000 hours, transported 105,000 personnel, and moved over 25 million pounds of cargo.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, War on Terror
On 7 August 2006, the units of Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division combined with units of both the 12th Aviation Brigade and the former 11th Aviation Group (inactivated 9 June 2005) and reflagged as the 12th Aviation Brigade (Combat), attached to the 1st Armored Division. On 20 March 2007 the 12th became a separate brigade under V Corps. Most recently, the 12th deployed to Iraq in the summer of 2007, organized as Task Force XII in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. TF XII served in Balad, Iraq as the Corps Aviation Brigade under Multi-National Corps-Iraq over a four-month period before relocating to Taji as the aviation brigade under Multi-National Division-Baghdad.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, War on Terror
In May 2012, the CAB deployed five of its seven battalions to Afghanistan, while at the same time sending one attack battalion, 3-159th ARB, to Kuwait to support Operation Spartan Shield in the Persian Gulf. Only 1-214th remained in Germany. The aviation battalions were organized into similarly equipped task forces, each capable of providing the same mission and support to units operating in RC East, RC West and RC North. 3-58 AOB, known as TF Guardian, deployed to manage the airfield at Tarin Kowt in RC South.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, War on Terror
While the brigade headquarters redeployed in September as part of the drawdown of surge forces, the battalion task forces Storm, Gunslinger, Guardian, Ready and Pirate remained in Afghanistan providing direct support to units across the country. Task Force Pirate, 1/211 ARB from the Utah Army National Guard joined the Griffin Brigade for this deployment, providing seamless integration with their active duty counterparts in RC North and RC West. At the height of the deployment, 12th CAB had Soldiers and helicopter crews operating from more than 30 different locations.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Montenegro
In February 2012, a sudden winter storm struck Montenegro, leaving hundreds of people stranded in the mountains of the Eastern European country. While the bulk of the Brigade was preparing for an upcoming deployment, 1-214th GSAB sent two UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters, with pilots, aircrews and medical personnel to respond. The deployed team was under the command of COL Robert Levalley of the 361st Civil Affairs unit (Army Reserve), based in Kaiserslautern, Germany. While there, the crews worked with Montenegrin pilots and civilians and combined efforts with helicopters from Croatia, Slovenia and Greece to deliver food and livestock feed, as well as to transport injured civilians to medical facilities there.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Current Role
The brigade is currently based around Ansbach, Bavaria, in Germany, and headquartered in Katterbach Kaserne, with subordinate units at Katterbach Army Airfield, Grafenwoehr Army Airfield, and Wiesbaden Army Airfield.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Current Role
In March 2013, for the first time since 2007, the entire 12th CAB returned to Germany, where they continue to train and operate in support of EUCOM and AFRICOM contingency missions. The 12th CAB is currently reorganizing.


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Current Role
The 12th Combat Aviation Brigade currently consists of the following units:


12th Combat Aviation Brigade, Current Role
An article in the Stars & Stripes on 1 March 2013 stated 1-214th Aviation would be reduced at Clay Kaserne, Wiesbaden, by 190 soldier spaces and at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center by 50 soldier spaces in 2016. Additionally, 3-158th Aviation would return to CONUS in 2015.


12th Congress of Deputies
The 12th Congress of Deputies was a meeting of the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Spanish Cortes Generales, with the membership determined by the results of the 2016 general election held on 26 June 2016. The congress met for the first time on 19 July 2016 and was dissolved prematurely on 5 March 2019.


12th Congress of Deputies, Election
The 12th Spanish general election was held on 26 June 2016. At the election the conservative People's Party remained the largest party in the Congress of Deputies but fell short of a majority.


12th Congress of Deputies, History
The new congress met for the first time on 19 July  2016 and after two rounds of voting Ana Pastor (PP) was elected as President of the Congress of Deputies with the support of the Cs.


12th Congress of Deputies, History
Other members of the Bureau of the Congress of Deputies were also elected on 19 July  2016: Ignacio Prendes (Cs), First Vice-President; Micaela Navarro (PSOE), Second Vice-President; Rosa Romero (PP), Third Vice-President; Gloria Elizo (Podemos), Fourth Vice-President; Alicia Sánchez-Camacho (PP), First Secretary; Juan Luis Gordo (PSOE), Second Secretary; Marcelo Expósito (ECP), Third Secretary; and Patricia Reyes (Cs), Fourth Secretary.


12th Congress of Deputies, History
After a protracted government formation and four rounds of voting, Mariano Rajoy (PP) was re-elected Prime Minister with the support of the Cs on 29 October 2016 after the PSOE leadership chose to abstain.


12th Congress of Deputies, History
In June 2017, following a series of corruption scandals involving the PP, Podemos submitted a motion of no confidence in Rajoy's government but on 14 June 2017 Congress rejected the motion after the PSOE leadership chose to abstain again.


12th Congress of Deputies, History
In May 2018, following another corruption scandal involving the PP, PSOE submitted a motion of no confidence in Rajoy's government and on 1 June 2018 Congress approved the motion after Podemos and various separatist, nationalist and regionalist parties chose to support the motion. As a result of the vote PSOE leader Pedro Sánchez became Prime Minister.


12th Congress of Deputies, History
After the PSOE government refused to discuss right to self-determination for Catalonia, Catalan separatists joined the PP and Cs in voting down the 2019 General State Budget on 13 February 2019. On 15 February 2019 Prime Minister Sánchez announced that a snap election would be held on 28 April 2019. The 12th Cortes Generales was formally dissolved on 5 March 2019.


12th Congress of Deputies, Deaths, disqualifications and resignations
The 12th congress saw the following deaths, disqualifications and resignations:


12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
The 12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian Latin: dvanaest kongres Saveza komunista Jugoslavije, Cyrillic: дванаест конгрес Савеза комуниста Југославије) was held from 26 to 29 June 1982, in the Belgrade Sava Centar. The highest organ of both the government and the party, it was the first Congress of League of Communists of Yugoslavia convened since Josip Broz Tito's death in 1980. It was attended by delegates from all the republics and provinces, as well as a party delegation from the Yugoslav People's Army.


12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Background
The congress was organized in the backdrop the two years of the morning following the death of Josip Broz Tito.


12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Number of participants
The congress was attended by 1721 delegates, 323 high-level state officials and 118 different delegations.


12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, The Congress
At the Twelfth Congress, a new Central Committee was elected, consisting of 163 members, a 24-member Statutory Committee and a 15-member Supervisory Committee. Mitja Ribičič was elected for the new presidency of the CK SKJ. Members of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia elected at the Twelfth Congress:


12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, The Congress
Ramiz Abduli, Roman Albrecht, Dušan Alimpić, Şahin Arif, Krste Atanasovski, Milorad Babić, Vladimir Bakarić, Eržebet Balažević, Milutin Baltić, Dimë Belovski, Pál Benak, Jure Bilić, Jakov Blažević, Dušan Bogdanov, Slobodan Bojanic, Lojze Briški, Nevena Bubanja, Marinko Bulatović, Vera Bunteska, Ilija Vakić, Danilo Vasić, Živan Vasiljević, Dušan Veljkovic, Andrej Verbič, Dobrivoje Vidić, Tihomir Vilović, Radovan Vlajković, Azem Vllasi, Tihomir Vlaškalić, Anton Vratuša, Josip Vrhovec, Vuko Vukadinović, Boško Vukov, Miodrag Vuković, Bruno Vuletić, Spiro Galović, Majda Gaspari, Dusan Gligorijevic, Brake Glomazić-Lekovic, Happy Gogh, Peter Gračanin, Alexander Grlickov, Boro Denkov, Veli Deva, Stojan Dimovski, Nijaz Dizdarevic, Stane Dolenc, Zvone Dragan, Dusan Dragosavac, Milojko Drulović, Rato Dugonjić, Marko Đuričin, Predrag Djuric, Vidoje Žarković, Silvia Žugić-Rijavec, Anton Zupančič, Ljubiša Igić, Trpe Jakovlevski, Petar Jakšić, Slavojka Jankovic, Vlado Janžić, Georgije Jovičić, Šaban Kevrić, Nikola Kmezić, Rudi Kolak, Lazar Koliševski, Kemal Korajlić, Dragutin Kosovac, Đorđe Kostić, Sergej Krajger, Anica Kristan, Boško Krunić, Milan Kučan, Ivica Kukoč, Iljaz Kurteshii, Todo Kurtović, Đorđe Lazović, Marko Lolić, Milojko Lucic, Nikola Ljubicic, Nandor Major, Branko Mamula, Zivko Marceta, Slavko Marićević, Andrej Marinc, Dragoslav Markovic, Coffins Markovski, Petar Matić, Rudolf Matosevic, Ahmet Mehović, Munir Mesihović, Fatima Midžić, Niko Mihaljevic, Cvijetin Mijatović, Branko Mikulić, Obren Milacic, Slavka Miladinovic, Veljko Milatovic, Luka Miletic, Smiljka Milojevic, Milos Minic, Lazar Mojsov, Joy Morina, Bogoljub Nedeljkovic, Mirko Ostojic, Day Pasic, Milan Pavic, Ivo Perišin, Dragoljub Petrović, Milka Planinc, France Drink, Dušan Popović, Mihajlo Popovic, Miran Potrč, Hamdi Pozderac, Radenko Puzovic, Ivica Racan, Ilija Radaković, Miljan Radovic, Mićo Rakić, Hisen Ramadani, Nikola Ražnatović, Mitja Ribičič, Marjan Rožič, Alenko Rubeša, Zorka Sekulović, Boro Simić, Jakov Sirotković, Janko Smole, Aleksandar Spirkovski, Vojislav Srzentić, Petar Stambolić, Metodija Stefanovski, Nikola Stojanovic, Stanislav Stojanovic, Stojan Stojcevski, Vlado Strugar, Taip Taipi, Arif Tanović, Branko Trpenovski, Dane Ćuić, Dobroslav Ćulafić, Fadil Quranoli, Igor Uršić, Ivo Fabinc, Marko Filipović, Nikica Franović, Kiro Hadži-Vasilev, Sinan Hasani, Franjo Herljević, Sanije Hiseni, Ivan Hočevar, Fadil Hoxha, Jože Ciuha, Marijan Cvetkovic, Angel Čemerski, Dušan Čkrebić, Milan Dzajkovski, Boško Šiljegović, Kolë Shiroka, Drago Šofranac, Mika Špiljak, Ali Shukria.


12th Congress of the Philippines
The Twelfth Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabindalawang Kongreso ng Pilipinas) was the national Lower House of the legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines. The convening of the 12th Congress follows the 2001 elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.


12th Congress of the Philippines, Members, House of Representatives
The term of office of the members of the House of Representatives is from June 30, 2001, to June 30, 2004.


12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during 17–25 April 1923 in Moscow. The congress elected the 12th Central Committee. It was attended by 408 delegates with deciding votes and 417 with consultative votes, representing 386,000 party members. This was the last congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (RCP(b) during Vladimir Lenin's leadership, though Lenin was unable to attend due to illness.


12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Brief overview
Much of this Congress was taken up with Joseph Stalin's struggle against the Georgian Bolshevists. Stalin dominated the Congress with Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze and Mamia Orakhelashvili, moving against the Old Bolsheviks Budu Mdivani and Filipp Makharadze. Stalin accused the latter of the following:


12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Aftermath
Mirsäyet Soltanğäliev attended this Congress, but he was subject to attack immediately afterwards in the Tartar newspaper Eshche and arrested during May 1923. He was roundly condemned by Stalin at the Fourth Conference of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (b) with the Workers of the National Republics of the Regions, held 9–12 June 1923.


12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Aftermath
At this Congress, the RCP(b) redefined the problems of nationalism identifying local chauvinism as the main problem rather than Great Russian chauvinism. The Congress was the beginning of the so-called policy of Korenizatsiya. The main idea was to grow national cadres for every nationality so that the party line could be pursued everywhere by representatives of the local nationality and the national proletariat could be raised against its own exploiters.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
The 12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Service
The 12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment was organized at Hartford, Connecticut, beginning November 19, 1861, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on December 3, 1861.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, Department of the Gulf, to October 1862. Weitzel's Reserve Brigade, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to August 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, to February 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to July 1864, and Army of the Shenandoah, Middle Military Division, to April 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah, April 1865. 2nd Brigade, Dwight's Division, Department of Washington, to June 1865. District of Savannah, Department of the South, to August 1865.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Service
The 12th Connecticut Infantry mustered out of service August 12, 1865.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
The regiment left Connecticut for Ship Island, Mississippi on February 24, 1862. They arrived there March 9. They filled duty assignments at Ship Island, Mississippi, until April 15, 1862. Operations against Fort St. Phillip and Jackson, Mississippi River, April 15–28. Occupation of New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1, the first regiment to land. Duty at Camp Parapet and Carrollton until October. Expedition to Lake Pontchartrain, Pass Manchac, and up Tchefuncta and Pearl rivers July 25-August 2. Skirmishes at Madisonville and near Covington July 27. Operations in District of La Fourche October 24-November 6. Occupation of Donaldsonville October 25.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Action at Georgia Landing, near Labadieville, October 27. Duty in District of La Fourche until February 1863. Expedition to Bayou Teche January 13–15. Action with steamer Cotton January 14. Moved to Brashear City, Louisiana February and duty there until March. Operations against Port Hudson March 7–27. Pattersonville March 28 (detachment). Operations in western Louisiana April 9-May 14. Bayou Teche Campaign April 11–20. Port Bisland, near Centreville, April 12–13. Irish Bend April 14. Opelousas April 20. Expedition to Alexandria and Simsport May 5–18. Near Cheyneyville May 18. Movement to Bayou Sara, then to Port Hudson May 22–25.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Port Hudson May 25-July 9. Assaults on Port Hudson May 27 and June 14. Surrender of Port Hudson July 9. Operations in western Louisiana July to September 1863. 2nd Battle of Sabine Pass September 4–11. Teche Campaign October 3-November 30. Duty at New Iberia until January 1864. Moved to New Orleans and on veteran furlough until May. Duty at Carrollton until July. Moved to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, then to Washington, D.C., July 5–13. Snicker's Gap expedition July 14–23. Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, August to December. Battle of Opequan, Winchester, September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Winchester, Newtown, and Summit Point until April 1865. Moved to Washington, D.C., April 21, and duty there until June. Grand Review of the Armies May 23–24. Moved to Savannah, Georgia, June 1–5 and duty there until August.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 273 men during service; 6 officers and 65 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 8 officers and 196 enlisted men died of disease.


12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, Notable Members
In late-September 1862 while stationed at Camp Parapet, a lieutenant in the 12th Connecticut, George H. Hanks, was detailed as aide-de-camp for Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman for the superintendence of the many contraband arriving at the camp. He organized six colonies of freedmen at Camp Parapet each led by a non-commissioned officer and directed black labor in the repair and fortification of the camp and surroundings. Hanks was transferred out of the regiment January 1, 1863 and made a member of the Army officer corps. He expanded the scheme, which became the Bureau of Negro Labor, and the bureau was one of the organizations which would eventually become the Freedmen's Bureau. Hanks's assistant superintendent was another member of the regiment, Philip Bacon.


12th Continental Regiment
The 12th Continental Regiment was raised April 23, 1775, as a Massachusetts militia regiment at Cambridge, Massachusetts, under Colonel Moses Little. The regiment would join the Continental Army in June 1775. The regiment saw action during the Siege of Boston, the New York Campaign and the Battle of Trenton. The regiment was disbanded on January 1, 1777, at Morristown, New Jersey.


12th Cook Islands Parliament
The 12th Cook Islands Parliament was a term of the Parliament of the Cook Islands. Its composition was determined by the 2006 elections, held on September 27, 2006. It was dissolved for the 2010 election on 24 September 2010.


12th Cook Islands Parliament
Due to an electoral petition declaring the election of Robert Wigmore invalid, the 12th Parliament initially consisted of only 23 members. A by-election was held for the vacant Titikaveka seat on 7 February 2007, and Wigmore was re-elected.


12th Cook Islands Parliament
Due to a large number of electoral petitions and the need for a by-election to resolve the tied seat of Akaoa, the Parliament did not meet for the first time until December 2006.


12th Cook Islands Parliament
Of the 24 Members of Parliament, three were women. The Speaker of the 12th Parliament was Mapu Taia.


12th Cook Islands Parliament, Initial party standings
The electorate of Akaoa was tied, resulting in a by-election.


12th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 12th Corps (Serbo-Croatian Latin: 12. Korpus) was a corps of the Yugoslav Partisans that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II.


12th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
It was formed on 1 July 1944 with the 16th Vojvodina Division and 36th Vojvodina Division and subsequently took the 51st Vojvodina Division under command. It was subordinated to the Partisan 3rd Army on 1 January 1945. The 12th Corps spent the latter half of 1944 engaged in hard fighting against the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) in eastern Bosnia.


12th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
The Corps also participated in the Belgrade Offensive (October 1944) and Battle of Batina (November 1944).


12th Critics' Choice Awards
The 12th Critics' Choice Awards were presented on January 20, 2007, honoring the finest achievements of 2006 filmmaking. The event was held at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California and was broadcast on E!.


12th Critics' Choice Awards, Winners and nominees
Forest Whitaker – The Last King of Scotland as Idi Amin


12th Cruiser Squadron
The 12th Cruiser Squadron  also known as Cruiser Force G  was a formation of cruisers of the British Royal Navy from 1914 to 1915 and then again from 1939 to 1943.


12th Cruiser Squadron, History, First formation
The squadron was first formed 1 August 1914 and was initially assigned to the Channel Fleet as Cruiser Force G patrolling the western Channel until February 1915. The squadron was then reassigned to the Grand Fleet where it remained before being disbanded in February 1915.


12th Cruiser Squadron, History, Second and Third formations
The squadron reformed in August 1939 initially part of the Northern Patrol of the Home Fleet based at Scapa Flow but was re-designated 11th Cruiser Squadron in October 1939. It re-formed as part of the Mediterranean Fleet in July 1942. It was reassigned from 29 January 1943 to 2 July 1943 when it became a component of Force H and again from 1 October 1943 to December 1943.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France)
The 12th Cuirassier Regiment (French: 12e Régiment de Cuirassiers, 12e RC) is an armoured cavalry (tank) regiment of the French Army. It provides the armoured component of the 2nd Armoured Brigade. Currently stationed at Quartier Valmy, Olivet, Loiret, France.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Formation to the First World War
The Dauphin's Regiment of Cavalry (Régiment du Dauphin Cavalerie) was established in 1688 under the Ancien Régime. It fought in the Revolutionary Wars.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Formation to the First World War
During the Napoleonic Wars, the regiment took part in most of the major battles, including Austerlitz (1805), Jena (1806), Friedland (1807), Wagram (1809), Borodino (1812), Leipzig (1813) and Waterloo (1815).


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Formation to the First World War
During the post-revolution reorganisations of the army, it was redesignated as the 12th Regiment of Cavalry (12éme Régiment de Cavalerie). It saw service in Germany, Italy, and later for a short time in Belgium.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Formation to the First World War
The writer Louis-Ferdinand Céline volunteered for this regiment in 1912.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), First World War
Garnison de Départ : Rambouillet. Turned into the 12e régiment de cuirassiers à pied


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Interwar Period
Became the 12e Régiment de cuirassiers again in 1919. It was disbanded in 1928.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Recent
After having been a garrison force at Müllheim in Germany for a long time in the post-1945 period, it was amalgamated, in 1994, with the 6th Cuirassier Regiment to form the 6th-12th Cuirassier Regiment, based at Olivet in Loiret.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Recent
In 2009, the two units were delinked and the 6th Cuirassiers deactivated; the 12th Cuirassiers was re-established as an individual unit.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Symbol
Their symbol is a white dolphin on a blue shield.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Organization
The regiment is composed of around 940 personnel organization into 10 squadrons.


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Battle honours, garrisons, campaigns, events, French Revolutionary Wars
As part of the Army of the Rhine from 1792 to 1800:


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Battle honours, garrisons, campaigns, events, Napoleonic Wars
Colonels killed and wounded in command of the 12e Cuirassiers:


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Battle honours, garrisons, campaigns, events, Napoleonic Wars
Officers killed and wounded whilst serving in the 12e Cuirassiers during the 1805-1815 period:


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Quotations about the regiment
This regiment, long known as one of the best trained cavalry regiments, entirely merits the reputation it has gained in that sphere. (Ce régiment, qui depuis longtemps passe pour l'un des mieux exercés de la cavalerie, mérite toute la réputation qu'il s'est acquise dans ce genre.)


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Quotations about the regiment
A regiment of the highest morale and proudly held under fire. (Régiment d'un moral très élevé et d'une superbe tenue au feu.)


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Quotations about the regiment
Thanks to an elite personnel and despite heavy losses, it knew how to preserve a high morale and a magnificent aggressive fervor (Grâce à un personnel d'élite et malgré de lourdes pertes, a su conserver un moral élevé et une ardeur combative magnifique.)


12th Cuirassier Regiment (France), Quotations about the regiment
A tank regiment impregnated with the purest traditions of the cavalry, that distinguished itself by the rapidity and audacity of its actions (Régiment de chars imprégné des plus pures traditions de la cavalerie, qui s'est distingué par la rapidité et l'audace de ses actions.)


12th César Awards
The 12th César Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma, honoured the best French films of 1986 and took place on 7 March 1987 at the Palais des Congrès in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Sean Connery and hosted by Michel Drucker and Pierre Tchernia. Thérèse won the award for Best Film.


12th Dalai Lama
Trinley Gyatso (also spelled Trinle Gyatso and Thinle Gyatso; 26 January 1857 – 25 April 1875) was the 12th Dalai Lama of Tibet.


12th Dalai Lama
His short life coincided with a time of major political unrest and wars among Tibet's neighbours. Tibet particularly suffered from the weakening of the Qing Dynasty which had previously provided it with some support against the British Empire, which was aiming to influence Tibet as an expansion from its colonisation of India.


12th Dalai Lama
He was recognised as a reincarnation of the Dalai Lama in 1858 and enthroned in 1860. During his period of training as a child, Tibet banned Europeans from entering the country because of wars Britain was fighting against Sikkim and Bhutan, both of whom were controlled to a considerable degree by the lamas in Lhasa. These wars were seen as efforts to colonise Tibet—something seen as unacceptable by the lamas. Also, with missionaries threatening to enter Tibet via the Mekong and Salween Rivers, Tibetans tried to emphasize the Qing Dynasty's authority over Tibet in the 1860s.


12th Dalai Lama
Trinley Gyatso was fully enthroned as Dalai Lama on 11 March 1873 but could not stamp his full authority on Tibet because he died of a mysterious illness on 25 April 1875.


12th Daytime Emmy Awards
The 12th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, August 1, 1985, on CBS to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from March 6, 1984-March 5, 1985. Two new categories were added: Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series and Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series. Seven awards were given in all.


12th Daytime Emmy Awards
Broadcast from 3-4:30 p.m., it preempted Guiding Light and Body Language. The telecast marked the last time the Daytime Emmys would preempt any network programming airing at 4 p.m. EST.


12th Delaware General Assembly
The 12th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Legislative Council and the Delaware House of Assembly. Elections were held the first day of October and terms began on the twentieth day of October. It met in Dover, Delaware, convening October 20, 1787, and was the second year of the administration of President Thomas Collins.


12th Delaware General Assembly
The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three councilors and seven assemblymen for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not affect the number of delegates.


12th Delaware General Assembly, Members, Legislative Council
Councilors were elected by the public for a three-year term, one third posted each year.


12th Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Assembly
Assemblymen were elected by the public for a one-year term.


12th Delta Operations Squadron
The 12th Delta Operations Squadron (12 DOS) is a United States Space Force unit assigned to Space Training and Readiness Command's Space Delta 12. It leads the delta's headquarters staff and manages cross-functioning processes of squadrons across the delta. It is headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado.


12th Destroyer Flotilla
The British 12th Destroyer Flotilla  also known as the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from November 1915 to March 1919 and again from September 1939 to 2 July 1943.


12th Destroyer Flotilla, History, World War One
The flotilla was first formed in November 1915 and was assigned to the Grand Fleet. Between 31 May and 1 June 1916 it was present at the Battle of Jutland then commanded by Captain Anselan J. B. Stirling. It remained with the Grand Fleet until November 1918 and was disbanded in March 1919.


12th Destroyer Flotilla, History, Second World War
In September 1939 the flotilla was re-established and allocated to the Western Approaches Command and stationed at Portland till December 1939 when it was reassigned to the Home Fleet till May 1941 when its ships were dispersed among other formations. It reformed again on 29 January 1943 as part of the Mediterranean Fleet and was part of forces covering the East Mediterranean area till 2 July 1943 when it was abolished.


12th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 12th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in film and television in 1959, were presented in 1960.


12th Division (German Empire)
The 12th Division (12. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed in Neiße (now Nysa, Poland) on September 5, 1818. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the VI Army Corps (VI. Armeekorps). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Province of Silesia, mainly in the region of Upper Silesia.


12th Division (German Empire), Combat chronicle
The 12th Division fought in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, including the Battle of Königgrätz. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the division fought in several battles and engagements, including the Siege of Paris.


12th Division (German Empire), Combat chronicle
In World War I, the division served initially on the Western Front. It spent most of this period in various parts of the trenches and suffered heavily in the 1916 Battle of the Somme. At the end of December 1916, it was sent to the Eastern Front, where it did not participate in any major actions. The division returned to the Western Front in May–June 1917. At the end of September 1917, it was sent to the Italian Front, where it fought in the Battle of Caporetto. After returning to the Western Front, the division saw action in the German spring offensive of 1918, including the Battle of the Lys, and the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, including the 1918 Battle of Cambrai. The division was rated as a good second-class division by Allied intelligence.


12th Division (German Empire), Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War
During wartime, the 12th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 12th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:


12th Division (German Empire), Pre-World War I organization
German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The organization of the 12th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:


12th Division (German Empire), Order of battle on mobilization
On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 12th Division was again renamed the 12th Infantry Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:


12th Division (German Empire), Late World War I organization
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 12th Infantry Division's order of battle in 1918 was as follows:


12th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 12th Division (第12師団, Dai Jūni Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Sword Division (剣兵団, Ken-heidan), and its military symbol was 12D. The 12th Division was one of six new infantry divisions raised by the Imperial Japanese Army after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). The division received its colors on 1 October 1898 and disbanded in September 1945. Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the northern portion of the island of Kyūshū  and it was originally headquartered within Kokura Castle (now part of the city of Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka)


12th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
During the Russo-Japanese War, under the command of Lieutenant General Inoue Hikaru, the division deployed to Manchuria as part of the 1st army. It returned to Kokura after the war, and was deployed again to the continent during the Japanese intervention in Siberia from 19 August 1918. The divisional arsenal in Kokura Castle was used meanwhile to supply other units. The participation in the Siberian Intervention has ended 19 July 1919, but resumed again briefly in 1921. The 12th Division headquarters was relocated to Kurume, another city in Fukuoka prefecture in 1925.


12th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In February 1932, following the First Shanghai Incident, the IJA 24th Infantry Regiment of the 12th Division was reinforced with additional artillery units, becoming the 24th Mixed Brigade, which was deployed to Shanghai, and which was later (from April 1936) assigned to Manchukuo. During that period, the 12th division was an elite unit, sporting an disproportionately large amount of firepower and heavy equipment.


12th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In 1940, the division was reorganized into a triangular division, with its IJA 14th Infantry Regiment joining the IJA 25th Division. The 12th Division, under Lieutenant General Masakazu Kawabe was then permanently relocated to Manchukuo from July 1940, coming under the control of the Japanese Third Army in Dongning and was used primarily for policing and anti-partisan activities. The 56th division took the now vacant Kurume headquarters.


12th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
However, in 1944 as the Pacific War situation became increasing unfavorable for Japan, the 12th Division was transferred to Hsinchu, Taiwan, where it bolstered the defenses of the 10th area army (and to the 40th army in time it was based on Taiwan in early 1945) against a possible Allied invasion. However, the Allies bypassed Taiwan and landed on Okinawa instead, so the 12th Division ended World War II as a garrison force in Taiwan without having seen combat.


12th Division (Iraq)
The 12th Light Infantry Division is a formation of the Iraqi Army.


12th Division (Iraq)
The 12th Division was originally activated in the 1970s or 1980s, and probably disbanded after 1991 (it was not listed in a Jane's Intelligence Review survey of September 1997). It was an armoured division during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. It was part of the armoured reserves in the rear of the Kuwaiti theatre, as part of the Jihad Corps alongside the 10th Armoured Division. U.S. Army analysts believed the two divisions retained an average "combat effectiveness percentage" of 59%. Among the division's brigades was the 50th Armoured Brigade, under the command of Colonel Mohammed Ashad.


12th Division (Iraq)
After the ground offensive began, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized), the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, and Task Force 1-41 Infantry destroyed most of the division, destroying no less than 80 combat vehicles. Other elements of the division were destroyed by British forces during the Battle of Norfolk.


12th Division (Iraq), After 2003 invasion of Iraq
The 12th Division was planned to be established in July 2008 by doubling the 4th Division. Its home base was planned to be at Tikrit and take into account the province of Salah ad-Din Governorate. It was to be initially made up of three trained strategic infrastructure brigades and was to receive the 4th Brigade, 4th Division. A new 4th Brigade was to have been formed for the 4th Division from effective excess staff from the other three brigades of the division.


12th Division (Iraq), After 2003 invasion of Iraq
The 49th Brigade, former 4th Brigade of the 4th Division, the more operational brigade of 12th Division is currently (July 2008) deployed to Baghdad to take part in the battles of Sadr City.


12th Division (Iraq), After 2003 invasion of Iraq
The 48th Brigade is now part of the 4th Division.


12th Division (North Korea)
The 12th Infantry Division was a division of the Korean People's Army during the 20th century. Originally, it was the 156th Division (Chinese: 第156师), which was created in November 1948 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 6th Independent Division, PLA Northeastern Field Army.


12th Division (North Korea), PLA Period
The 156th Division was a Korean-Chinese unit, composing of both Chinese and Korean soldiers and formed part of 43rd Corps. Under the flag of 156th division it took part in the Chinese Civil War. On June 25, 1949, the division was disbanded and reorganized as Jiujiang and Nanchang military sub-district. In February 1950, all Korean soldiers from 156th Division regrouped in Nanchang and moved to North Korea, where it was re-organized as 7th Division(later 12th Division) of the Korean People's Army. Its divisional HQ was re-organized as HQ, 2nd Forestry Engineering Division.


12th Division (North Korea), North Korea Period
It was activated in Wonsan and was initially composed of Korean-personnel regiments of the PLA 156th Division and was initially composed of the 30th, 31st and 32nd Infantry Regiments. The unit was initially equipped with vehicles transferred to North Korea from the Soviet Union shortly after April 1950.


12th Division (North Korea), North Korea Period
In April 1950, the People's Republic of China returned 12,000 more veterans of the PVA to Korea where they formed the 7th Division (redesignated the 12th about July 2, 1950).


12th Division (North Korea), North Korea Period
Artillery units of the 12th Division, at the time of the division's activation at Wonsan in April or May 1950, were composed of battle-seasoned Korean veterans from the Chinese Communist Army.


12th Division (North Korea), Korean War
The 12th Division part of the North Korean advance from Seoul to Taejon during the Korean War. It also fought in the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. During this fight it suffered such heavy losses it merged with the NK 766th Infantry Regiment to regain its strength.


12th Division (North Korea), Korean War
On September 16, in the I Corps sector, elements of the Capital Division fought their way through the streets of An'gang-ni. The next day, advancing from the west in the II Corps sector, a battalion of the ROK 7th Division linked up with elements of the Capital Division, closing a two-week-old gap between the ROK I and II Corps. The NKPA's 12th Division waged a series of stubborn delaying actins against the Capital Division in the vicinity of Kigye as the North Koreans retreated northward into the mountains. Kigye fell back under South Korean control on September 22, 1950.


12th Division (North Korea), Korean War
In 2009 the location of the 7th Division was reported as Anbyeong-gun (Anbyon County), Kangwon Province.


12th Division (United States)
The 12th Division was an infantry division of the United States Army, active in 1918–1919. Established at Camp Devens, Massachusetts, training was interrupted by the World War I Armistice and the division was quickly afterwards disestablished.


12th Division (United States)
The division was organized on July 12, 1918. The Regular 36th Infantry and 42d Infantry were ordered to Camp Devens in the latter part of July to become part of the 12th Division. (The 42nd Infantry had been assigned to the division on 5 July 1918). A certain number of non-commissioned officers and privates was taken from each company of the two regiments and assigned to the 73rd Infantry and 74th, both war-raised National Army, as a nucleus. The 12th Field Artillery Brigade, which was to become the divisional artillery, was organized and trained at Camp McClellan, Ala.


12th Division (United States)
It never actually joined the division at Camp Devens. It consisted of the 34th, 35th, and 36th Field Artillery Regiments and a trench mortar battery. By 1 September 1918 the training of the division for overseas service was well under way. Only after the Armistice of 11 November 1918 did orders arrive for the demobilization of the division. By 31 January 1919, all non-Regular commissioned and enlisted personnel had been discharged.


12th Division (United States)
Major-General Henry P. McCain commanded this division from the time of its organization until it was demobilized. McCain remained in command of Camp Devens after the division was disestablished.


12th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 12th Slavonia Assault Division (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Dvanaesta slavonska udarna divizija) was a Yugoslav Partisan division formed on 30 December 1942. Upon formation it consisted of the 12th Slavonia Brigade, the 16th Youth Brigade and the 17th Slavonia Brigade with total of around 2700 soldiers. On 17 May 1943 it became a part of the 6th Corps. It operated mostly in the Slavonia region. During the war the division lost two if its commanders: Nikola Demonja and Milan Stanivuković.


12th ECO Summit
The 2012 ECO summit was the twelfth Economic Cooperation Organization summit, held on 16 October 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan.


12th Electoral Unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HoR FBiH)
The twelfth electoral unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2000. It consists of Canton 10.


12th Empire Awards
The 12th Empire Awards ceremony (also known as the Empire Readers Awards), presented by the British film magazine Empire, honored the best films of 2006 and took place on 27 March 2007. During the ceremony, Empire presented Empire Awards in 12 categories. The Best Newcomer was split this year into two awards, "Best Male Newcomer" and "Best Female Newcomer" awards. Other changes include Best British Film being renamed this year only to "Sky Movies Best British Film" and the Scene of the Year Award losing the "Sony Ericsson" prefix; The award was presented for the last time. No honorary awards were presented this year. As an exception to previous years, this year had no award ceremony.


12th Empire Awards
Casino Royale won the most awards with three including Best Film. Other winners included Hostel, Little Miss Sunshine, Mission: Impossible III, Pan's Labyrinth, Superman Returns, The Departed, The Prestige, United 93 and Volver with one.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States)
The  12th Engineer Battalion was activated 1 July 1940, at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division In July 1944 the battalion deployed to the European Theatre, landing at Omaha Beach in support of the greatest landing operation in history. Subsequently, the Battalion participated in campaigns in Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe, and Luxembourg


12th Engineer Battalion (United States)
After World War II the Battalion was inactivated on 25 October 1945 at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. It was reactivated on 17 August 1950 at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina again as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division. The Battalion moved with the  8th Infantry Division to Nuremberg, Germany in October 1956. In December 1957 the Battalion was restationed at Anderson Barracks, Dexheim, Germany. Simultaneously with the relocation of the 8th Infantry Division Headquarters to Bad Kreuznach, Germany.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
This is a brief History of the 12th Engineer Combat Battalion, an integral part of the 8th Infantry Division:


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
This is the story of the men who “cleared the way.” This is the episode of the GI Combat Engineers; of the man who, when asked “Can you place a cable across the Rohr River?” answered, “Sir, it is impossible to get a cable across the Rohr and keep it there, but we will do it somehow!” They did.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
In The Beginning........ The Battalion was organized at Ft. Jackson, S.C. on July 1, 1940, under General orders no. 12, Headquarters, Fourth Corps Area. The cadre was picked from the 1st Engineers at Fort DuPont, Del., and from the 7th Engineers at Ft. Custer, MI. The remainder of personnel was received through voluntary enlistments, and the Selective Service.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
At that time billets consisted of huts in the National Guard area of Fort Jackson. The first Commanding Officer was Major Patrick H. Tansey. Major Charles H.Mason took over the command in August 1941 and was subsequently followed by Major Edmund M. Fry. This change took place on August 22, 1942, and from December 1942 until February 1943, when Major Fry was sent to Engineer School, the command of the Battalion was administered by Major James C. Taylor. However, Major Fry returned to the outfit to remain the guiding hand through all the Battalion's campaigns.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
The usual basic training was given the Battalion while at Ft. Jackson, and it was here that they also received their foretaste of what real combat would be like while they were on Carolina maneuvers in the fall of 1941. However, this proved to be a very minute taste of the real thing, although the combat test at the time was very convincing to a majority of the men.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
Completion of the maneuvers found the outfit on the way back to Fort Jackson Where they were given more intensive training, and then used to supply the cadre for two new divisions. In the fall of 1942 the Battalion moved out amidst of many murmurings on the part of the men as to when in h__ __ things would really roll. This move involved large scale maneuvers in Tennessee. The Battalion was lodged at Camp Forest, Tennessee in a tent city, While its strength was brought almost up to normal.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
The weather at this time was bitterly cold, And right in the middle of one of the worst cold spells, the Battalion moved to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. This move was accomplished by truck, And by the time the organization reached their destination, it seemed problematical in the minds of many of the men whether they would ever again resume a semblance of straight posture. The weather remained icy during the whole of their stay at Fort Leonard Wood, and those who returned from the European war claim that even after the fighting on the other side they were last being thawed out from the Paul Bunyan cold.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
The next move was a distinct change. The battalion took to the road again and ended up in the lively and bustling Laguna Desert Camp in Arizona. While at this camp-site, Id Perficiemus  — "We Shall Consummate the task"— is the motto that has inspired the 12th Engineer Battalion since it was constituted at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina on July 1, 1940. For the past two decades, the 12th Engineers have proven time and time again that it is capable of performing any task, in war or peace. Today the 12th engineer Battalion with its headquarters in Dexheim, undertakes Engineer construction throughout the 8th Infantry Division. The battalion is heavily equipped with a vast array of construction machinery capable of supporting any engineer task required to support the 8th Infantry Division.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
In its role as the division Engineer Battalion the 12th has the mission of providing general engineer support to the various elements of the division. Four Combat Engineer Companies support the three infantry brigades with the construction of barriers, laying and clearing of minefields, demolition operations and limited construction operations. In addition, each of the four companies is equipped with a Combat Engineer vehicle which carries a bulldozer blade and a 165 mm demolition gun capable of destroying enemy barricades,  and fortified positions.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
A bridge company provides the Division with its river-crossing capability. Equipped with Mobile Assault Bridge (MAB) units which can be driven on land, and then launched into water to link up with one another (to form a complete bridge, or a series of ferries) the MAB's enable the entire division to cross the Rhein River. The bridge company is also equipped with Armored Vehicle Launched Bridges, which can be used to bridge 60-foot streams.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
The 12th Engineers has a platoon of heavy earth moving equipment, including 5-ton dump trucks, rough terrain cranes, and road graders. In addition, an atomic demolition munitions platoon gives the division an added defense capability.


12th Engineer Battalion (United States), Full history of unit
The 12th Engineers are constantly training in their Engineer Support Role, conducting bridge operations on the Rhein, performing earth-moving tasks in community assistance projects, and constantly demonstrating readiness to live up to their motto.


12th European Film Awards
The 12th European Film Awards were presented on December 4, 1999, in Berlin, Germany. The winners were selected by the members of the European Film Academy.


12th Field Artillery Regiment
The 12th Field Artillery Regiment is a unit of the United States Army.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, Distinctive insignia, Description and symbolism
The unit's insignia is a gold color metal and enamel device 1 inch (2.54 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned:  Gules, a Fleur-de-lis Argent crowned Or; on a canton of the like an Aztec banner Vert garnished of the second. The single fleur-de-lis of silver is taken from the arms of Soissons, where the regiment performed such distinguished service that it was cited by the French in Orders of the Army, shown by the pendant Croix de guerre. The regiment had its baptism of fire near Verdun, the arms of which have one fleur-de-lis crowned all gold.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, Distinctive insignia, Description and symbolism
The crown on these arms is for Verdun. The canton carried the Aztec banner from the crest of the parent organization, the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment. The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 12th Field Artillery Regiment on 17 April 1923. It was re-designated for the 12th Field Artillery Battalion on 14 February 1941. It was re-designated for the 12th Artillery Regiment on 10 February 1958. The insignia was re-designated effective 1 September 1971, for the 12th Field Artillery Regiment.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms, Blazon
The shield is a Gules, a fleur-de-lis Argent crowned Or; on a canton of the like an Aztec banner Vert garnished of the second. The crest is on a wreath of the colors Argent and Gules, the shoulder sleeve insignia of the regiment Proper (a horizontal oblong of Black charged with the White star and Indian head of the Second Division).


12th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms, Symbolism
The shield is the single fleur-de-lis of silver is taken from the arms of Soissons, where the regiment performed such distinguished service that it was cited by the French in Orders of the Army, shown by the pendant Croix de guerre. The regiment had its baptism of fire near Verdun, the arms of which have one fleur-de-lis crowned all gold. The crown on these arms is for Verdun. The canton carried the Aztec banner from the crest of the parent organization, the 3rd Field Artillery. The crest of the 12th Field Artillery is self-explanatory.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, Coat of arms, Symbolism
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 12th Field Artillery Regiment on 24 June 1921. It was amended to include the motto on 16 August 1921. It was re-designated for the 12th Field Artillery Battalion on 13 February 1941. It was re-designated for the 12th Artillery Regiment on 10 February 1958. The insignia was re-designated effective 1 September 1971, for the 12th Field Artillery Regiment.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
The 1st Battalion, 12th Field Artillery was constituted on 3 June 1916 as an element of the 2nd Division. The 12th Regiment arrived in France and fought bravely in four offenses in World War I. Following the armistice, the 12th joined the U.S. Army of Occupation, stationed in the Colenz area, then later returned to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, and inactivated. On 1 May 1939, the regiment was reactivated as a 155mm howitzer battalion. The 12th joined the armies staging in England for the invasion of France.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
On D-Day plus three, the 12th landed on Omaha Beach in Normandy and participated in the breakout from the beachhead. Later, the 12th was in the thick of the fighting of the Battle of the Bulge and it joined in the race across Germany and on VE Day was in Pilson, Czechoslovakia. The 12th returned to Fort Lewis, Washington where it remained until it was inactivated.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
When the Korean War broke out, the 12th was reactivated and in July 1950, departed for Korea where it participated in the fighting on the Pusan Perimeter. Later it face the Red Chinese at the Chong-chon river. The unit became Battery A, 12th field Artillery Battalion, an element of the 2nd Infantry Division. A year later, the battalion endured some of the bloodiest fighting of the Korean War at T-bone Mountain, the Battle of Old Baldy, White Horse Mountain, and the Battle of Pork Chop Hill. In 1954, following the Korean Armistice Agreement, the battalion returned to Fort Lewis, Washington and then moved to Fort Benning, Georgia.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
In 1965, with its Honest John Rockets and 8 inch howitzers, the 1-12th returned to Korea. On 20 February 1971, the unit inactivated at Fort Lewis, Washington, and immediately reactivated at Fort Sill, Oklahoma on 1 April 1971. The 1st Battalion, 12th Field Artillery became the world's first Lance Missile Battalion with a wartime mission to provide nuclear and non-nuclear fires.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
The 1-12th began converting to the Multiple Launch Rocket System in August 1992.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
During the year 2000, the Raider 1-12 FA (MLRS) conducted many battalion and battery-level FTXs and EXEVALs at Fort Sill.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion
1-12 FA also deployed its 0&1 to Fort Stewart, Georgia, and the NTC for a successful rotation with the 3d BCT, 3d IN Division, in April.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion, Campaigns, World War I
Aisne, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, Lorraine 1918, Ile de France 1918


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Battalion, Campaigns, Korean War
UN Defensive, UN Offensive, CCF Intervention, First UN Counteroffensive, CCF Spring Offensive, UN Summer-Fall Offensive, Second Korean Winter, Korea: Summer-Fall 1952, Third Korean Winter, Korea: Summer 1953


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion
First constituted 1 July 1916 in the Regular Army as Battery B, 12th Field Artillery. It was later organized 7 June 1917 at Fort Myer, Virginia, as an element of the 2nd Division (later redesignated as the 2nd Infantry Division). From here the unit was reorganized and redesignated 1 October 1940 as Battery B, 12th Field Artillery Battalion (B-12th FAB). On 15 October 1948 the unit was inactivated at Fort Lewis, Washington.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion
On 10 November 1951 Battery B consolidated with Battery B, 503rd Field Artillery Battalion (B-503rd FAB) (active), and consolidated unit designated as Battery B, 12th Field Artillery Battalion (B-12th FAB). The unit inactivated on 20 June 1957 at Fort Lewis, Washington, and relieved from assignment to the 2nd Infantry Division; concurrently, redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2nd Battalion, 12th Artillery (HHB, 2-12th Artillery). Later it redesignated on 1 May 1960 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2nd Howitzer Battalion, 12th Artillery, assigned to the 8th Infantry Division, and activated in Germany (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated).


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion
The battalion inactivated 1 April 1963 in Germany and relieved from assignment to the 8th Infantry Division. 13 September 1969 the battalion redesignated as the 2nd Battalion, 12th Artillery, and activated in Vietnam. The battalion inactivated 29 August 1971 at Fort Lewis, Washington. Three days later (1 September 1971 ) it redesignated as the 2nd Battalion, 12th Field Artillery. Activated once again on 1 April 1976 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. The unit inactivated on 15 September 1984 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion
The unit moved overseas and activated on 16 July 1987 in Herzogenaurach, Germany as a LANCE missile Battalion but was later inactivated on 15 April 1992. The battalion once again redesignated on 1 October 2005 as the 2nd Battalion, 12th Field Artillery Regiment. The battalion was assigned on 1 June 2006 to the newly formed 4th Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, and activated at Fort Lewis, Washington.


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion, Campaigns, World War I
Aisne, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, Lorraine 1918, Ile de France 1918


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion, Campaigns, Korean War
UN Defensive, UN Offensive, CCF Intervention, First UN Counteroffensive, CCF Spring Offensive, UN Summer-Fall Offensive, Second Korean Winter, Korea: Summer-Fall 1952, Third Korean Winter, Korea: Summer 1953


12th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion, Campaigns, Vietnam
Summer-Fall 1969, Winter-Spring 1970, Sanctuary Counteroffensive, Counteroffensive: Phase VII, Consolidation I


12th Fighter Aviation Division (People's Liberation Army Air Force)
The 12th Fighter Aviation Division (第12歼击机师) was an air division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLA-AF). It was established in 1950, and disestablished by 2016-18.


12th Fighter Aviation Division (People's Liberation Army Air Force)
PLA-AF fighter divisions generally consisted of about 17,000 personnel and 70-120 aircraft. Among its notable members was Lu Min.


12th Fighter Aviation Division (People's Liberation Army Air Force)
It was part of the Jinan PLAAF Base, and joined the Northern Theatre Command, but by 2016-18, it had been broken up into three new brigades:


12th Fighter Aviation Division (People's Liberation Army Air Force)
A typical single-seat air brigade holds 32-34 aircraft, in three battalion leader-grade flight groups (each of 8 aircraft), six spare aircraft, and a company leader-grade flight squadron of 2-4 training aircraft.


12th Filmfare Awards
Sangam led the ceremony with 11 nominations, followed by Dosti with 7 nominations.


12th Filmfare Awards
Dosti won 6 awards, thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.


12th Filmfare Awards South
The 12th Filmfare Awards South Ceremony honoring the winners of the best of South Indian cinema in 1964 is an event held on 1965.


12th Filmfare Awards South
The awards were introduced in 1954, around the films released in 1953. Filmfare Awards initially recognizing the Hindi film industries. In 1964 Awards extended to Best Picture in Tamil, Telugu, Bengali & Marathi.


12th Five-Year Plan (India)
12th Five Year Plan of the Government of India (2012–17) was India's last Five Year Plan.


12th Five-Year Plan (India)
With the deteriorating global situation, the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission Mr Montek Singh Ahluwalia has said that achieving an average growth rate of 8 per cent in the next five years is not possible. The final growth target has been set at 8% by the endorsement of plan at the National Development Council (NDC) meeting held in New Delhi.


12th Five-Year Plan (India)
"It is not possible to think of an average of 9 per cent (in 12th Plan). I think somewhere between 8 and 8.5 per cent is feasible", Mr Ahluwalia said on the sidelines of a conference of State Planning Boards and departments. The approached paper for the 12th Plan, approved last year, talked about an annual average growth rate of 9 per cent.


12th Five-Year Plan (India)
"When I say feasible...that will require major effort. If you don't do that, there is no God given right to grow at 8 per cent. I think given that the world economy deteriorated very sharply over the last year...the growth rate in the first year of the 12th Plan (2012-13) is 6.5 to 7 per cent."


12th Five-Year Plan (India)
He also indicated that soon he would share his views with other members of the commission to choose a final number (economic growth target) to put before the country's NDC for its approval.


12th Five-Year Plan (India)
Though the 12th Plan has taken off, it is yet to be formally approved. The Planning Commission set a deadline of September for taking the approval of the NDC. The council is expected to meet after July, subject to the convenience of the Prime Minister. It is mainly focused on health. The status of the 12th Plan is in question due to the dissolution of the Planning Commission.


12th Five-Year Plan (India), Poverty
The government intends to reduce poverty by 10 per cent during the 12th Five-Year Plan. Mr Ahluwalia said, "We aim to reduce poverty estimates by 2 per cent annually on a sustainable basis during the Plan period".


12th Five-Year Plan (India), Poverty
According to the Tendulkar methodology, the percentage of population below the poverty line was 29.8 per cent at the end of 2009–10. This number includes 33.8 per cent in the rural areas and 20.9 per cent in the urban areas.


12th Five-Year Plan (India), Poverty
Earlier, addressing a conference of State Planning Boards and Planning departments, he said the rate of decline in poverty doubled during the 11th Plan. The commission had said, while using the Tendulkar poverty line, the rate of reduction in the five years between 2004–05 and 2009–10, was about 1.5 percentage points each year, which was twice that when compared to the period between 1993–95 to 2004–05.


12th Flight Training Wing (JASDF)
The 12th Flying Training Wing (第12飛行教育団 (dai-12-hikō-kyōiku-dan)) is a wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is also sometimes known as the 12th Flight Training Wing. It comes under the authority of Air Training Command. It is based at Hōfu-kita Air Base in Yamaguchi Prefecture.


12th Flight Training Wing (JASDF)
It has two squadrons, both equipped with Fuji T-7 aircraft:


12th Flying Training Wing
The 12th Flying Training Wing is a United States Air Force unit assigned to Air Education and Training Command's Nineteenth Air Force. It is headquartered at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. The wing is the parent organization for the 479th Flying Training Group, located at NAS Pensacola, Florida and the 306th Flying Training Group,  at The United States Air Force Academy, Colorado. The 12th Wing is the only unit in the Air Force conducting both pilot instructor training and combat systems officer training.


12th Flying Training Wing
The wing fought in combat as the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing during the Vietnam War and was the host unit at two major air bases in South Vietnam. Its McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II aircraft flew thousands of combat missions between 1965 and 1971 before being withdrawn as part of the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam and Southeast Asia.


12th Flying Training Wing
The current commander of the 12th Flying Training Wing is Colonel Scott Rowe. The current Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Joseph A. Stuart.


12th Flying Training Wing, Units
The wing consists of three flying groups and a maintenance directorate spanning more than 1,600 miles from JBSA-Randolph, Texas to Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, to Pueblo Memorial Airport and the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado.


12th Flying Training Wing, Units
The 12th Operations Group controls all Instructor Pilot Training and airfield operations at Randolph AFB and Randolph AFB Auxiliary Field/Seguin Field.


12th Flying Training Wing, Units
The 479th Flying Training Group is a geographically separated unit located at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida and conducts Undergraduate Combat Systems Officer Training.


12th Flying Training Wing, Units
The 306th Flying Training Group is a geographically separated unit located at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado. The 306 FTG conducts powered flight training, soaring, and parachute training for Air Force Academy cadets.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Strategic Fighter
The wing was first organized at Turner Air Force Base, Georgia on 1 November 1950 as the 12th Fighter-Escort Wing, but moved a month later to Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Combat in Vietnam
The wing was reactivated as the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing and organized in April 1962 at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida.


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, Background
The wing was redesignated the 12th Flying Training Wing and activated on 1 May 1972, when the personnel, mission and equipment of the 3510th Flying Training Wing were assumed by the wing, while the 3510th was simultaneously inactivated


12th Flying Training Wing, History, Flying Training, 1990s
In 1992, due to the impending closure of Mather Air Force Base, California, the 12 FTW also assumed responsibility for Undergraduate Navigator Training (UNT) and Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) from the 323d Flying Training Wing (323 FTW) at Mather when that organization inactivated, with most T-43A aircraft and some of the 323 FTW squadrons reforming at Randolph AFB under the 12 FTW.