138th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Baltimore, Md., August 30, thence to Relay House. Duty at Relay House, Md., until June 1863. Moved to Harper's Ferry, W. Va., June 16. Escort stores to Washington July 1–5. Join Division at Frederick, Md., July 7. Pursuit of Lee July 7–24. Wapping Heights July 23. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Brandy Station November 8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Payne's Farm November 27. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864. Duty at and near Brandy Station until May. Rapidan Campaign May 4-June 12.


138th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battles of the Wilderness May 5–7; Spotsylvania May 8–12; Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 17–18. Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, June 22–23. Siege of Petersburg until July 6. Moved to Baltimore, Md., July 6–8. Battle of Monocacy July 9. Pursuit of Early to Snicker's Gap July 14–24. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August to December. Charlestown August 21–22. Battle of Opequan, Winchester, September 19. Fisher's Hill, September 22.


138th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Kernstown until December. Moved to Washington, D.C., thence to Petersburg, Va., December. Siege of Petersburg December 1864 to April 1865. Fort Fisher, Petersburg, March 25, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Assault on and fall of Petersburg April 2. Sayler's Creek April 6. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Danville April 23–27, and duty there until May 23. March to Richmond, Va., thence to Washington, D. C., May 23-June 3, Corps review June 8.


138th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 167 men during service; 6 officers and 90 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 70 enlisted men died of disease.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 138th Rifle Division was twice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the buildup of forces immediately after the start of World War II in Europe. The first formation was based on the shtat (table of organization and equipment) of September 13, 1939 and under this organization it took part in the Winter War against Finland, arriving at the front north of Leningrad in December and performing so capably in the battles in early 1940 that it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
Following this it was converted to serve for two years as a mountain rifle division in the Caucasus region. Following Operation Barbarossa and the German invasion of the Crimea elements of the division were committed to amphibious landings behind enemy lines in early 1942 but these proved abortive. Soon after the 138th was converted back to a standard rifle division. Arriving on the southern approaches to Stalingrad in late July the division fought on the approaches to the city through August and into September before it was assigned to 62nd Army and shipped into the factory district in mid-October.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
Well into November it played a leading role in defending the Barricades (Barrikady) ordnance factory, eventually becoming isolated in a thin strip of land between the factory and the Volga which became known as "Lyudnikov's Island" after its commanding officer. Following the Soviet counteroffensive that encircled the German 6th Army and other Axis forces in and near Stalingrad the division restored contact with the rest of its Army and then helped eliminate its trapped foes, for which it was raised to Guards status as the 70th Guards Rifle Division.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
A new 138th was raised in May, 1943 under the "shtat" of December 10, 1942, based on two rifle brigades, one of which was naval infantry from the Leningrad area and one of which was from central Asia. It first saw action in the advance through eastern Ukraine following the Battle of Kursk, and took part in the battle for the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
Later in 1944 it drove into the western Ukraine, eventually into the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and from the autumn of that year until the spring of 1945 advanced through the difficult terrain of Slovakia, winning its own Order of the Red Banner in the process and ending the war in eastern Moravia. This formation of the division was disbanded shortly after the fighting ended.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation
The division was originally based on a regimental cadre (301st Rifle Regiment) from the 48th Rifle Division and began forming in September, 1939, with the following order of battle:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation
The division was under the command of Kombrig Aleksandr Ivanovich Pastrevich, but he was replaced in December by Kombrig Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Khadeev.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation
By December the 138th was already engaged in the Soviet-Finnish Winter War. Fighting as a separate rifle division, part of 7th Army on the Karelian Isthmus, the 138th took part in the renewed offensive that began with concentrated artillery bombardments on February 1, 1940. Concentrated on a 16km front that stretched from Summa to the Lähde road to the Munasuo Swamp, nine rifle divisions backed by five tank brigades attacked on February 11 and by the 15th the Finnish forces were withdrawn to the intermediate line.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation
This line was reached by advance forces of 7th Army late on the 16th but was not strong enough to delay the Soviet advance for more than a few days. When the fighting was over, the division had collectively won the Order of the Red Banner, and three officers were awarded the Gold Star of Heroes of the Soviet Union.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation, Conversion to Mountain Division
Between March 14 and April 15, 1941, the division was converted to a mountain rifle division with a specialized order of battle featuring four rifle regiments made up of oversized companies (no battalion structure), with supporting arms, capable of independent operations in difficult terrain and backed by light and mobile mountain artillery:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation, Conversion to Mountain Division
Kombrig Yakov Andreevich Ishchenko had been in command of the division through most of 1940 and had his rank modernized to major general on June 4. At the outbreak of war with Germany on June 22, 1941, the 138th was near Leninakan in the 23rd Rifle Corps of Transcaucasian Military District, and became part of 45th Army in July. General Ishchenko gave up his command on September 22 and was replaced three days later by Col. Pavel Maksimovich Yagunov; Ishchenko would remain in staff positions for the duration of the war.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation, Crimean Operations
In October the division was shifted to 46th Army, and added the 82nd Machine-gun Battalion to its order of battle on the 10th. On December 25 it went into the 'active army' in the 47th Army of Crimean Front. Overnight on December 28/29 elements of the 44th Army staged a successful amphibious landing at the German-held port of Feodosiya on the Kerch peninsula. While the operation soon secured the port, by January 1, 1942 the Soviet lodgement of three rifle divisions with about 23,000 men had been contained by the German XXXXII Army Corps about 18km to the west. Meanwhile, the commander of German 11th Army, Gen. of Inf. E. von Manstein, made preparations to eliminate the Soviet bridgehead.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation, Crimean Operations
Meanwhile the commander of Crimean Front, Lt. Gen. D. T. Koslov, was making preparations to divert Manstein's reserves. A further landing by 218 men of the 226th Mountain Rifle Regiment (63rd Mountain Rifle Division) was made on the night of January 5/6 near Sudak, about 40km southwest of Feodosiya. As a diversion this was unsuccessful as Manstein's counterattack on Feodosiya began at dawn on January 15 but in the face of this Kozlov chose to send the rest of the 226th Regiment to Sudak.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation, Crimean Operations
By January 20 the Soviet forces at Feodosiya had been forced back to the Parpach Narrows and both sides dug in while German and Romanian troops were dispatched to deal with the situation at Sudak. In "an arrant display of stupidity" Koslov decided to reinforce failure and on the night of January 24/25 Maj. S. I. Zabrodotsky's 554th Mountain Rifle Regiment was landed there, followed by an additional 1,300 troops the next night. Despite this the commander of XXX Army Corps reported on January 28 that the Sudak bridgehead had been eliminated. About 2,000 Red Army troops were killed, nearly half of whom had been taken prisoner before being executed, a few hundred were evacuated by sea and most of the remainder disappeared into the mountains, with perhaps 350-500 joining partisan groups.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation, Crimean Operations
The balance of the division fought under 51st Army in February and March, suffering heavy losses until being pulled back into reserve near Kerch. On March 24 Colonel Yagunov was replaced in command by Col. Mikhail Yakovlevich Pimenov. The division began reforming on March 30, and on April 8 it was once again officially the 138th Rifle Division. Its remaining mountain rifle regiments became standard rifle regiments and the 292nd Mortar Battalion was added. One month later, German 11th Army began Operation Trappenjagd into the eastern end of the peninsula. The 138th escaped relatively intact from the Kerch Naval Base, evacuating to Krasnodar on the night of May 19/20.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad
On May 16 the division came under the command of Col. Ivan Ilich Lyudnikov, who had been in command of the 200th Rifle Division at the time of the German invasion. After recovering from severe wounds he had led several divisions in the Caucasus region, including the 63rd Mountain. In late June the German forces launched Operation Blue, aiming for, among other objectives, the city of Stalingrad.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad
As forces of Southern Front moved north to Stalingrad Front's positions along the middle Don River in mid-July the STAVKA ordered North Caucasus Front to reinforce its positions east of Rostov-na-Donu with the 138th and the 115th Cavalry Division from 51st Army. On July 31 the 4th Panzer Army began an advance on the Abganerovo axis. This struck the 138th and 157th Rifle Divisions, tearing apart their defenses east of the Don and forcing them to withdraw in considerable disorder toward Kotelnikovo.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
Late on August 2 the commander of 64th Army, Maj. Gen. M. S. Shumilov, created the Southern Operational Group under command of his deputy, Lt. Gen. V. I. Chuikov. The next day Shumilov ordered the 138th and 157th to reinforce this Group, which was to defend the line of the Aksai River.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
By nightfall on August 4 Chuikov's Group had proven incapable of maintaining a coherent defense over a front of 60km with divisions that had from 1,500 - 4,500 men each (the 138th had 4,200 on strength), with a total of about 40 tanks and 300 guns and mortars in support. Unless something was done, German forces could advance on Stalingrad virtually unimpeded.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
In response, in order to improve command and control, the STAVKA split Stalingrad Front and created Southeastern Front effective August 7 and 51st Army, with the 138th, was subordinated to the latter, although the division remained part of Group Chuikov. It was currently holding its defense along the Aksai, at Gorodskii and Novoaksaysky.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
As these command rearrangements were being made the 14th Panzer Division resumed its advance on August 5 and during the day thrust 30-40km north from Aksai, bypassing Group Chuikov's weak left flank and reaching Abganerovo Station, 70km southwest of Stalingrad. Despite this perilous position Chuikov's Group managed to halt the left wing of 4th Panzer Army along the lower Aksai for 12 days. This forced the Panzer Army to divide its forces instead of concentrating for a decisive advance on the city.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
On August 5 the Romanian VI Army Corps managed to force a bridgehead at the junction between the 138th and 157th divisions but this was thrown back with a dawn counterattack the next day. On August 13 General Shumilov, concerned that Group Chuikov could be encircled, ordered a phased withdrawal to the Myshkova River. By this time the division had been formally subordinated to 64th Army as the 51st fell back east toward the Volga.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
4th Panzer Army resumed its advance on August 20 with its XXXXVIII Panzer Corps, which fielded 180-200 tanks. 64th Army was deployed across a front of 120km, with the sector of the lower Myshkova defended by three rifle divisions backed by the 138th and 29th Rifle Divisions and 154th Naval Rifle Brigade in second echelon with the 13th Tank Corps concentrated southeast of Tinguta Station. The assault soon drove back the first echelon and a battlegroup of 14th Panzer, reinforced by part of 29th Motorized Division, advanced 4km and captured Tinguta.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
In response Shumilov withdrew the 138th and the 154th Brigade to reserve positions 5km to the rear. On August 22 the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps redeployed and in heavy fighting reached the southern and eastern approaches to the Station, forcing the 138th and 204th Divisions into all-around defenses to protect it. The German assault was renewed over the next two days but at the end of August 24 the 64th Army reported:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
138th RD occupied a defense along the line of the railroad hut 5 kilometres southwest of 74 km Station – [Defensive line] "K" (4 kilometres northeast of 74 km Station).


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
While this attack was fought to a standstill, on August 29 the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps found a weak spot and overwhelmed the 126th Rifle Division north of Abganerovo Station, advancing 20km during the day, forcing the 138th to abandon its positions at Tinguta. The divisional command post of the 126th had been overrun, many staff officers killed, and the divisional commander captured; by the end of the day the division had been reduced to only 1,054 combat troops.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
The collapse of the 126th also unhinged the defenses of the 29th and 138th divisions along the rail line, forcing them to withdraw northward and opening a path to the rear areas of 64th and 62nd Armies. The commander of Southeastern Front, Col. Gen. A. I. Yeryomenko, ordered Shumilov to withdraw to new defenses from Novy Rogachik southeastward along the Chervlennaia River to Ivanovka, 25km southwest of Stalingrad. Overnight on August 30/31 the 138th was withdrawn to the Army's reserve and was noted the next day as having no more than 1,000 "bayonets" (infantry and sappers) on strength. By the end of September 2 it was situated in the second echelon defenses along the Peschanka Balka (ravine).


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
4th Panzer Army renewed its offensive on September 8. The 29th Motorized and a battlegroup of 14th Panzer wheeled south and struck the extreme right wing of 64th Army southeast of Voroponovo Station. The assault pressed the 204th and 126th Divisions and the reinforcing 138th Division and 133rd Tank Brigade back to new defenses extending southwest from Peschanka. The Army reported, "As a result of the enemy tank attack, [138th Rifle Division's] 343rd Rifle Regiment was almost completely destroyed," although "18 enemy tanks were destroyed and burned."


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
The following day the German forces drove southward west of Kuporosnoe, forcing the 138th, 204th and 157th Divisions to abandon Staro-Dubovka. The Soviet forces withdrew to the new defense line east and west of Gornaia Poliana, which was already manned by the 126th Division. During the day the remainder of 14th Panzer reinforced the assault of the 29th Motorized and while this was halted short of Kuporosnoe and the west bank of the Volga, the four rifle divisions were being rapidly eroded away.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
Overnight on September 9/10 a battalion of the 29th Motorized reached the Volga south of Kuporosnoe but was thrown back in part by the 131st Rifle Division after it had been relieved at Gornaia Poliana. The 138th and 126th Divisions were now supported by the fresh 56th Tank Brigade and a regiment from the Krasnodar Infantry School, containing the 14th Panzer. On September 12 the fighting for the Stalingrad suburbs reached its climax.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Fighting on the Approaches
14th Panzer was now supported by the mixed German/Romanian IV Army Corps and probed the defenses of the 64th Army from the southwest outskirts of Kuporosnoe around to its boundary with 57th Army at Ivanovka. This position would become known as the Beketovka bridgehead. At this time the division was noted as having a total of 2,123 personnel. Lyudnikov's chief of staff was Lt. Col. V. I. Shuba and his political officer was N. I. Titov.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Beketovka Bridgehead
In the last days of September a task group of 57th Army carried out a successful counterstroke against the positions of 1st Romanian Infantry Division at Lake Tsatsa and the 14th Panzer had to be sent to stabilize the front. This was followed overnight on October 1/2 by an attack by five divisions, including the 138th, of the 64th Army against the positions of the 371st Infantry Division at and west of Peschanka in an attempt to capture that place and Staro-Dubovka. The commander of the 422nd Rifle Division, Col. I. K. Morozov, wrote:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Beketovka Bridgehead
Day and night, the divisions of 64th Army fought their way to the north to link up with 62nd Army, but the distance between the armies scarcely diminished.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Beketovka Bridgehead
Although the attack failed, it was an unpleasant distraction for Gen. F. Paulus whose 6th Army was now deeply involved in the fighting in the city. On October 5 the 138th arrived in the reserve of Stalingrad Front for refitting. Over the next 8-10 days its manpower was raised to 2,646 although it was short of rifles and machine guns (on hand 1,025 rifles, 224 submachine guns, 6 light and 12 heavy machine guns, 27 antitank rifles) and numbers of these had to be taken from the other regiments to fully arm the 650th. However it was strong in artillery with 11 122mm howitzers, 31 76mm cannons and 21 antitank guns.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
By late on October 14 the Dzerzhinskiy Tractor Factory had fallen to forces of German 6th Army and Chuikov, now in command of 62nd Army, recognized that the city's defense now had to be anchored on the Barrikady munitions factory and the Krasny Oktyabr steel plant. Yeryomenko promised to release the 138th, which was partially rested and replenished, the next day.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
On the night of October 15/16 the 138th began crossing the Volga into Stalingrad, coming under Chuikov's orders again as part of 62nd Army, to take up positions at the Barrikady:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
1. The enemy has taken the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, is developing an attack from the STP to the south along the railway line in an attempt to seize Barrikady.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
2. 62 Army continues to hold its positions, beating off fierce enemy attacks.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
3. 138th Red Banner RD from 04.00 hours 17.10.42 to occupy and stubbornly defend the line: south of the suburb Derevensk, Sculpturnyi. Under no circumstances to allow enemy to approach Leninskii Prospekt and Barrikady factory.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
650th Rifle Regiment/Major Pechenyuk: 138th Division/to take up positions in Barrikady, establish ring of fire-points and not to permit enemy penetration into the factory.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The crossing, under heavy German fire, was carried out by the 44th Brigade of the Volga Flotilla. The leading 650th Regiment was dispatched to reinforce the sagging defenses of the 95th Rifle Division's 161st and 241st Rifle Regiments east of the Stadium, moving into well-prepared positions supported by roughly 20 tanks of the 84th Tank Brigade.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The German Group Jänecke, consisting of the 305th Infantry and 14th Panzer Divisions, supported by elements of 24th Panzer, had begun a new assault on the Soviet positions north and west of the Barrikady on October 16. Up to 40 German tanks attacked Soviet positions along Leninskii Prospekt and Tramvainaia Street at 1300 hours and pushed into the northern part of the Barrikady by the end of the day. The 650th was thrown in immediately to hold a new line south of Tramvainaia to the northern end of Volkhovstroevsk Street.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The 344th and 768th Regiments began their crossings at 0500 hours on October 17 and on arrival fanned out to protect the remainder of the factory and the strip of land between it and the Volga. The former took up positions in the central manufacturing halls and the latter deployed along Leninskii Prospekt northeast of the factory, tying in with the 95th Division. With suitable positions at a premium Colonel Lyudnikov had to squeeze his command post into damaged bunkers already occupied by 62nd Army headquarters personnel.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
Overnight Group Jänecke regrouped with the intention of expelling the 138th from the Barrikady and then encircling the entire 308th Rifle Division and the 685th Regiment of the 193rd Rifle Division in the workers' settlement west of it. This plan was compromised by serious weaknesses in the attacking forces, especially in tanks and assault guns. On the morning of October 17 the tanks and infantry of 14th Panzer made rapid progress after smashing through the boundary between the 650th and 768th Regiments, forcing both to retreat deeper into the northern and western parts of the Barrikady.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
By noon the 344th was caught up in the melee and as the day ended all three regiments had fallen back to new defenses, exposing the right wing of the 308th. In consequence this division suffered heavy casualties and its survivors fell back to the 138th's positions. While the division had prevented the German forces from taking the factory in one bound, the first full day of its defense had been a defeat and Chuikov was forced to shift his headquarters south to the Krasny Oktyabr. However 14th Panzer had lost 19 of its original 33 tanks destroyed or knocked out during the day.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
During the night the German LI Army Corps regrouped again to complete the capture of the Barrikady, including its remaining halls and the Bread Factory one block south. The assault group of the previous day was reinforced with 18 StuG III assault guns of the 244th and 245th Battalions. Supporting forces of the 24th Panzer, 389th Infantry and 100th Jäger Divisions would also be involved, leading to an overly complex plan for the day's attack. This quickly degenerated into a costly slugfest that continued over several days with only limited German gains.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
Lyudnikov ordered his 344th Regiment to contest every one of the factory's ruined halls and other buildings. The 305th Infantry and the grenadiers of 14th Panzer were forced into the tedious and costly process of rooting out Soviet infantrymen and sappers from every room and shop and as they slowly approached the Volga became more exposed to artillery fire from the east bank.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
During the day the 24th Panzer and a regiment of the 389th Infantry finally secured the Brick Factory north of the Barrikady from the remnants of 37th Guards Rifle Division supported by the 650th Regiment, while a separate push against the 650th to reach the Volga did so only along a very narrow sector and at heavy cost.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
A relative lull in operations followed from October 19-22 due in part to diminishing German strength and in part to intermittent heavy rains and occasional snow showers which did not clear until early on the 21st. During this time the 138th organized and strengthened its defenses and launched strong local counterattacks while Paulus called up the 79th Infantry Division.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
An attack planned by LI Corps for the morning of October 19 against all three regiments of the division came to an abrupt and bloody halt; the German regiments could each muster no more than a battalion with about 10 tanks or assault guns in support.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The battlegroups of the 305th Infantry's 576th and 578th Regiments attacked the 768th Regiment at dawn, splashing through flooded shell craters, climbing over heaps of debris and gaining some ground but also coming under flanking small arms fire from the 2nd Battalion of the 344th to the south as well as direct and indirect fire from the 295th Artillery Regiment. Without air support, due to the weather, the commander of the 576th Regiment reported that "the cleansing of Hall 6 (the Manufacturing Hall) and Hall 4 (the Assembly Hall) was going to be a bloody an protracted affair." After this effort was suspended Lyudnikov ordered the 344th, supported by survivors of the 308th Division, to counterattack into the southwest corner of the factory to reach the boundary with the 193rd Division. This took the German forces by surprise and regained some ground.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The LI Corps planned for a renewed offensive on the two factories to begin on October 23. For the Barrikady the 14th Panzer and 79th Infantry were to attack from its southwest corner southward to Karuselnaya Street to capture the Bread Factory and the Krasny Oktyabr. Meanwhile, the 305th Infantry and a squadron of six tanks of 24th Panzer were to conduct a secondary attack to clear the Barrikady and west bank of the Volga to its north and northeast.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
By this time all nine battalions of the 305th were combat rated as "weak" and the 24th Panzer had only 15 operational tanks. At the same time the 84th Brigade had only a "handful" of tanks remaining; the 138th, with the remnants of the 308th and the 37th Guards, counted fewer than 2,500 men.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
Assault groups of the 305th Infantry launched a series of night attacks at 0100 hours on October 23 against the positions of the 650th Rifle Regiment among the gullies and ravines northeast of the factory. These night attacks from German forces were unexpected, but also unsuccessful. The main attack began at 0810, preceded by air and artillery bombardments.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The assault of the 578th Regiment, with the six tanks of the 24th Panzer, struck the railroad yards and severely damaged halls in the southern half of the Barrikady that were defended by two weak battalions of the 308th, later reinforced by a battalion of the 650th. The other battlegroups of the 305th, attacking the northern part of the factory, advanced only about 100 metres in the face of resistance from the 344th and 768th Regiments. Hall 4 was retaken by a counterattack and the commander of the 305th advised Paulus during a visit to the front lines that his division was no longer capable of offensive operations. During the day's fighting the 138th received 258 replacements.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
The next day the two sides, both reduced to little more than weak battalion and company groups, continued a desperate struggle among the ruined shops, halls and warehouses, with gains and losses measured in tens of metres. Initial German attacks seized part of Hall 6b but faltered as the 768th Regiment was reinforced by elements of the other two regiments. However, a renewed effort at 1630 hours captured Hall 4 and most of Hall 6.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
On the morning of October 25 nearly all of the southern and central factory buildings were in German hands; at this point the 768th was deployed in the north and the 650th in the south of the division's sector with the 344th in between, still holding a corner of Hall 6. Given the march-companies and replacements Yeryomenko continued to ferry across the river the division likely still had about 2,500 men on strength, whereas the 305th Infantry had been weakened to less than 1,200 infantry.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
Its further attacks during the day made minor gains leaving the 138th holding just the northeastern part of the factory grounds. Chuikov recorded that the "backbone" of his 308th, 193rd, 138th and 37th Guards Divisions had "lost... combat effectiveness" and "only soldiers who arrived as recent reinforcements remain in the divisions."


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
During October 26 and 27 the fighting in the factory district focused on the ferry landing stage between the Barrikady and the Krasny Oktyabr where the reinforcing 45th Rifle Division was scheduled to arrive. On the second day the left flank of the 650th Regiment and a regiment of the 308th Division were overrun by German sub-machine gunners which occupied Mezenskaya and Tuvinskaya Streets, reaching within 400m of the Volga although later thrown back somewhat.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Into the City
At about the same time, in a move that would soon prove crucial to the 138th, units of the 14th Panzer and 305th Infantry reached the Barrikady's fuel storage tank farm. The fighting in this area continued during the next two days without further German gains, but during this period the remainder of the 305th finally cleared the factory's eastern edge and the 138th fell back into the maze of buildings and streets between the factory and the Volga.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
The arrival of the 6,500 men of the 45th Division tipped the battle for the factory district in 62nd Army's favor and fighting died down over the last days of the month. Between November 1-10 there was another operational lull but fierce fighting continued on a limited scale, including more unsuccessful German efforts to take the ferry stage with armor support. New attacks on November 2-3 by the 305th Infantry, now reinforced with more assault guns and panzerjägers, faltered immediately against the 650th and 768th Regiments.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
Fighting largely ceased on November 4 as both sides prepared for an expected final effort by 6th Army to clear the city before winter set in. Raids and small actions by both sides continued until November 10. The front-line positions of the 138th (and attached 118th Guards Rifle Regiment) were as follows:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
[ T]he bank of the Volga River in the center of Derevensk, the railroad crossing on Pribaltiiskaia Street, the southeastern part of Volkhovstroevsk; the northeastern part of the Barrikady Factory, and Pribaltiisk.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
When the 305th and 389th Infantry Divisions completed their preparations on that date they had been reinforced with five combat engineer battalions from outside the city, each numbering about 450 men which, combined with their own remaining infantry and engineers, gave the divisions a total of about 5,200 men, outnumbering the Soviet troops they faced by more than two to one.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
This final bid began with an artillery preparation at 0340 hours on November 11 against the 138th and 95th Divisions east of the Barrikady. Early on the attackers penetrated the 241st Regiment of the 95th and reached the Volga on a 200m front east of Mezenskaya. At the same time the 138th was struck by three infantry regiments, two engineer battalions plus 16 assault guns, weighted to its right (north) flank northeast of the factory, but managed to initially hold its positions.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
The 578th Infantry Regiment, led by the 50th Engineer Battalion and ten assault guns, plowed slowly toward two key objectives designated as the "Pharmacy" and the "Commissar's House", both about 400m from the river; the latter contained Lyudnikov's headquarters. Finding a gap between the 241st and 650th Regiments a German assault group seized the ruins around the Pharmacy, but when the 50th Engineers approached the Commissar's House they found all its entrances blocked with rubble. Unable to deploy satchel charges against it they fell back to nearby shell holes where they were pinned down by heavy fire.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
Meanwhile the 576th Infantry Regiment and 294th Engineer Battalion were making continuous progress against the 241st Regiment and ultimately captured the fuel tank farm. This effectively cut the 138th off from the remainder of 62nd Army. Further attempts to advance from the ravine east of the Pharmacy towards House No. 79 were stymied by flanking fire from the Commissar's House.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
The 344th Regiment stopped the 577th Regiment immediately east of the factory but a regiment of the 389th Infantry Division, led by two engineer battalions and a mix of assault guns and panzerjägers, threw the 768th Regiment out of its last toehold in the factory and back to within 200m of the river. The last seven men of the 118th Guards Regiment were forced to fight their way south to Lyudnikov's now-isolated bridgehead by the day's end. German infantry casualties had been moderate but armor losses had been high. Lyudnikov reported that his 768th was down to 24 men and condemned the withdrawal of the 241st Regiment "without advance warning" that left his division pocketed, a pocket that LI Corps was confident could be eliminated the next day.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
In the event Paulus ordered a halt for November 12. The two German divisions dug in and reorganized as Chuikov demanded attacks to restore contact with the 138th. As part of this effort the composite regiment (685th, about 200 men) of the 193rd Division was subordinated to Lyudnikov at 1800 hours. During November 12-22 the attacks of the 193rd plus elements of the 95th Division retook part of the fuel tank farm but failed to reestablish contact with the division. At 0345 hours on November 13 the LI Corps renewed its assaults on the 138th. Lyudnikov ordered his roughly 2,000 men:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
... to mobilize every resource and to fulfill the mission at all costs. Not a step back! Strengthen observation and steadfastly repulse all attacks by the enemy.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
The early attack caught the 650th Regiment off guard and reached the walls of the Commissar's House (the "П-shaped building" in Soviet accounts). The 50th Engineers, now equipped with ladders, were able to enter through upper-floor windows and drove the defenders into fortified cellars where they were attacked with smoke grenades, satchel charges and gasoline. These defenders were mostly mortar-men of the 650th and repeatedly called in artillery fire on their positions during the late afternoon; only ten of these, most of whom were wounded or burned, were able to escape.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
The 578th Infantry gained another block north of the Commissar's House, considerably reducing the bridgehead which now measured about 700m in width and 400m in depth. Lyudnikov had by now moved his headquarters to a ravine on the Volga bank just east of the building that the German forces called the Red House.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
With no strength left to conduct major attacks elsewhere in the factory district, on November 14 the LI Corps again sought to liquidate "Lyudnikov's Island". The right flank of the 344th Regiment was struck by the 577th Infantry, spearheaded by two companies of the 336th Engineers and supported by as many as 23 assault guns. House No. 74, defended by the 650th Regiment, was also targeted; in all slightly more than 3,000 German troops attacked less than half this number manning hundreds of strongpoints scattered through the rubble.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
Despite hard fighting and heavy losses German gains were limited and two buildings lost by the 344th Regiment were later regained in counterattacks. The division's supply situation was becoming critical; captured weapons and ammunition were in extensive use and drops from Po-2 aircraft frequently fell into German hands. By day's end the 138th had roughly 500 "bayonets" still in the fight. After yet another regrouping the German attack continued the next day against its right and left flanks, focused on individual buildings, and meeting repeated counterattacks.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
At nightfall Lyudnikov's staff reported that the 768th was no longer combat-effective, the 650th numbered 31 men, and the 344th had 123, including its command cadre. Overall the division had 20-30 rounds per rifle, no grenades or sub-machine gun ammo, no food, and about 250 wounded were at the division's command post. Overnight four bales of provisions and four of ammunition were airdropped, but again some of these fell within German lines.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
From November 16-18 Paulus ordered another pause in the battle, in preparation for a new attack on November 20. During this period the 578th Infantry and its attached and much weakened engineers advanced less than a block on the left flank of the 650th Regiment along the Volga. Meanwhile, the river was rapidly icing-up, blocking supply traffic to 62nd Army from the east bank. On November 17 Hitler sent a new order to 6th Army stating that the ice presented an opportunity to reach the river, specifically in the Barrikady and Krasny Oktyabr sectors.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Lyudnikov's Island
The next day a carefully planned attack beginning at 0400 hours captured House No. 77 from the 650th Regiment and a further effort in the afternoon gained about 100m along the riverbank. The division was still very short of supplies and with no means to recharge radio batteries could no longer call in artillery support. But this marked the last gasp for the LI Corps' offensive. As of November 20 the 138th had a personnel strength of 1,673 remaining, although most of these were in the artillery and support services on the east bank.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
Further air drops on November 19 had delivered 10,000 rounds of rifle cartridges and several boxes of food to the "Island" where it remaining 250 active "bayonets" fended off several attacks without losing ground. On the same day Operation Uranus began as Southwestern and Don Fronts attacked German and Romanian positions northwest of Stalingrad. The Axis crisis deepened the next day when Stalingrad Front went over to the offensive southwest of the city. 62nd Army's role was to continue to defend and to launch local attacks to tie down German forces.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
The 138th was struck again on November 21, repelled four battalion-sized attacks supported by seven assault guns and had about 180 of its men wounded through the day but also received supplies from several ships which also evacuated most of the casualties. The attacks persisted the next day with similar results and replacements kept the division at a strength of about 300 infantry. Maj. Gen. F. E. Bokov of the Red Army General Staff complained that Chuikov was failing to support the division and demanded that more ice cutters and icebreakers be brought in to ensure supplies. The encirclement of the Axis forces was completed the same day.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
Following the encirclement the Soviet armies encountered tough resistance from the German forces within what was rapidly becoming a fortress. 62nd Army's skeletal divisions attacked on November 28-29 but made minimal gains before going over to the defense the next day. The 95th Division continued to try to break through from the south to the 138th, without success. The 305th Infantry was in little better shape, reporting on December 2 that it had about 1,000 men in its front lines mostly facing roughly 600 of the 138th.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
Apart from minor positional sparring the fighting in the city was minimal until December 16 when the Volga finally froze solid, which soon allowed vehicular supply traffic to 62nd Army. Contact with "Lyudnikov's Island" was firmly reestablished on the 23rd. The 138th had attacked at 0500 hours on the 21st, capturing four houses, five machine guns and two prisoners while advancing 100m-120m to the south while the 95th Division drove northwest making similar gains. Fighting continued on December 22 and the two divisions linked up on a 50m-wide sector along the river which was widened the next day.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
The two sides faced each other within the city for the next several weeks as the German relief attempt, Operation Winter Storm, played out. 62nd Army was now under command of Don Front and prepared for Operation Ring, the final offensive against 6th Army; at this time the 138th had 800-900 active "bayonets" in the city which was above average. At 0200 hours on January 10, 1943 Chuikov ordered his 156th Fortified Region to relieve the division in the "Island" with its 400th Machine Gun–Artillery Battalion.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
This move permitted the division to shift south into a sector just east of the Krasny Oktyabr between the 39th Guards and 45th Rifle Divisions in preparation for an assault west toward Znamenskaya Street. This attack by the three divisions on January 12 did not achieve any decisive results but LI Corps reported 23 killed and 85 wounded during the day although this did not include any tally from the 305th Infantry.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
Progress increased on January 14 when the combined Soviet force gained up to ten blocks deep into the lower Krasny Oktyabr village, pressing toward Hill 107.5 which dominated the area. By the 20th the 138th and the 39th Guards, now joined by the 13th Guards Rifle Division, were close enough to the Hill to send reconnaissance teams toward its eastern slopes.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
At 0100 hours on January 22 Chuikov issued his Order No. 24 directing his divisions to finally seize the objectives he had assigned a week earlier but they were now facing increasing numbers of German refugees from the fighting outside the city and made little progress. On January 27 Colonel Lyudnikov was promoted to the rank of major general.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Battle of Stalingrad, Siege of 6th Army
Two days later the 138th, 45th and 95th Divisions were ordered to finish the fighting for the Barrikady and the Bread Factory as well as a portion of the Barrikady village but were unable to prise the remnants of the half-starved German troops from their bastions there as the rest of the Front's armies closed in from the west. The last men of LI Corps, two days later than the rest of 6th Army, laid down their arms on February 2 and four days later, while being moved to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command, the 138th Rifle Division became the 70th Guards Rifle Division.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
A new 138th Rifle Division began forming at Kalinin in the Moscow Military District in May, 1943 from the 6th Naval Infantry Brigade and the 109th Rifle Brigade, under 52nd Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. At this point in the war, the Red Army was generally amalgamating separate rifle brigades into rifle divisions, which were more efficient on the battlefield.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 6th Naval Infantry Brigade
The first brigade with this designation was formed at Novorossiysk in August, 1941 but was soon disbanded. A second brigade completed forming on September 15 at Kronstadt by the Red Banner Baltic Fleet with five battalions and went to the front with 4,980 officers and men under command including 2,368 Communist Party or Komsomol members. It was immediately moved to the lines south of Leningrad, joining the 42nd Army.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 6th Naval Infantry Brigade
Until April, 1942 the brigade shifted among the armies defending Leningrad and then was moved across Lake Ladoga to join the 54th Army of Volkhov Front, remaining there for the next year defending in the swampy forests north of Novgorod, some of the worst terrain on the front. In the spring of 1943 it was organized as follows:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 109th Rifle Brigade
The first brigade of this designation was formed from December 1941 to April 1942 in the Moscow Military District and finally arrived at the front in June as part of 13th Army in Bryansk Front. It remained under these commands until November when it was broken up to provide replacements for other units.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 109th Rifle Brigade
A second 109th started forming almost immediately in the Central Asia Military District and remained there until May 1943 when it was railed west to join the Reserve of the Supreme High Command and was soon disbanded to provide much of the manpower and equipment for the new 138th Rifle Division.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 109th Rifle Brigade
Col. Moisei Yakovlevich Katkov was assigned as commander on May 20 but was replaced on June 19 by Col. Ivan Stepanovich Prutkov. Once formed the division had the following order of battle:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 109th Rifle Brigade
The division remained in Reserve until August when 52nd Army was assigned to Voronezh Front during the Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation; at this time it was assigned to the 78th Rifle Corps. On September 9 Col. Viktor Ivanovich Rutko took over command from Colonel Prutkov. As 52nd Army approached the Dniepr on September 20 the division was recorded as having 4,514 personnel on strength, supported by 73 82mm and 18 120mm mortars, 46 regimental guns, 20 76.2mm divisional cannon and 12 122mm howitzers. By the end of the month 52nd Army had reached the Dniepr, and its 254th Rifle Division soon forced a crossing in the Kreshchatik area. During October the Army was moved to Steppe Front, which became 2nd Ukrainian Front on October 20.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 109th Rifle Brigade
Before the end of the month the division was moved to Front reserves, then in November to 4th Guards Army in the same Front, where it joined the 5th Guards Airborne Division in 20th Guards Rifle Corps. During December it was again reassigned, now to 21st Guards Rifle Corps, which also contained the 69th Guards Rifle Division. While 4th Guards Army was largely on the defense during this period, joint advances by 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in the Dniepr bend during November and December had allowed the Army to substantially expand its bridgehead between Kremenchug and Cherkassy.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, 109th Rifle Brigade
As early as November 20 the 1st Panzer Army reported that its infantry strength had fallen to the lowest tolerable level and Cherkassy was threatened with encirclement. The fighting through the first three weeks of December was largely attritional in nature but around the middle of the month the German line north of Krivoi Rog gave way and soon 2nd Ukrainian Front had cleared the west bank of the Dniepr north to Cherkassy.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket
The Kirovograd Offensive began on January 5 and involved four armies, although the 4th Guards was in a secondary role, and the city was liberated three days later. The advance to the northwest continued until January 16 by which time the German XI and XXXXII Army Corps, holding the last sector of the Dniepr line, were deeply enveloped.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation, Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket
On January 25 the 4th Guards Army, which was still rebuilding in strength, plunged into the front of the German 8th Army southwest of Cherkassy and was helping set the stage for a classic double envelopment in conjunction with two mobile corps of 6th Tank Army attacking from the north. On the afternoon of January 28 the encirclement was closed in conjunction with forces of 1st Ukrainian Front, 56,000 German troops were trapped, and the 138th helped form the inner ring of the encircling forces. The fighting for the Korsun Pocket continued until February 17 by which time about 30,000 German troops had managed to escape, roughly half of those originally encircled.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine
On February 5 Colonel Rutko had left command of the division; he was replaced on February 17 by Col. Vasilii Efimovich Vasilev who would remain in this position for the duration of the war. Shortly after the Korsun battle the 138th was moved to the 53rd Army, still in 2nd Ukrainian Front, where it served briefly as a separate division. In March it was transferred to 69th Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command, returning to the front a month later in the 95th Rifle Corps, 18th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine
At around this time the 295th Artillery Regiment was completely equipped with 76mm guns (32 pieces) and no 122mm howitzers, making it, for all intents, a reinforced heavy antitank regiment. This was probably due to the nature of the fighting in Ukraine, where the Germans had most of their armored forces.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine
Under these commands the division took part in the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive. While the Front's main drive would be in the direction of Lvov its left-flank 18th and 1st Guards Armies, located south of the Dniestr, were to advance in support in the direction of Stanislav - Drogobych. The main offensive began on July 13 and 18th Army went over to the attack on July 23; by this time the forces of Army Group North Ukraine were largely defeated and survivors were in retreat towards the Carpathian mountains.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine
The offensive was led by three rifle divisions backed by all the Army's artillery and was directed to capture Bogorodchany by the end of July 25, subsequently towards Dolyna in order to drive the Hungarian Army into the mountains. This schedule proved over optimistic but the Army's right flank advanced as much as 20km on July 27. By the start of August the two Armies had effectively cleared the foothills of the Carpathians and set the stage for a subsequent advance into the Carpatho-Ukraine.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine, Into Slovakia
In August the 138th moved to 4th Ukrainian Front reserves in 17th Guards Rifle Corps. This Corps operated separately under Front command for several months in the Carpathians before being assigned to 18th Army. The division remained under these commands for the duration. During this time it earned the divisional honorific "Carpathian". Beginning on January 12, 1945 it took part in the Western Carpathian Offensive, mostly facing the German XXXXIX Mountain Corps; on January 20 the division assisted in the capture of the city of Košice and one regiment was awarded an honorific:


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine, Into Slovakia
KOSICE... 344th Rifle Regiment (Major Armeev, Fyodor Fedorovich)... The troops who participated in the liberation of Košice and nearby towns, by the order of the Supreme High Command of 20 January 1945, and a commendation in Moscow, are given a salute of 20 artillery salvoes from 224 guns.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Into Western Ukraine, Into Slovakia
The division's other rifle regiments would be honored on February 19 for the same battle with the 650th receiving the Order of Suvorov, 3rd Degree and the 768th being awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd Degree. On the same date the 138th as a whole was granted the Order of the Red Banner in recognition of its part in the liberation of Poprad on January 28. Over the following months the division continued its gruelling advance through Slovakia, culminating in the Moravia–Ostrava Offensive.


138th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Postwar
On May 3 the division was awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Degree, for its part in the capture of the city of Ružomberok in Slovakia. By now its full formal title was 138th Rifle, Carpathian, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Division. (Russian: 138-я стрелковая Карпатская Краснознамённая орденов Суворова дивизия). Further awards came to several subunits of the division on May 28 when the 344th Rifle Regiment and 295th Artillery Regiment both received the Order of Suvorov, 3rd Degree and the 284th Antitank Battalion was given the Order of the Red Star, all for their roles in the fighting for Ostrava and Žilina in the final offensive into western Slovakia and eastern Moravia. The division was disbanded "in place" a few months later with the Northern Group of Forces.


138th Separate Tank Regiment
The 138th Separate Tank Regiment was a Cold War tank regiment of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany's 2nd Guards Tank Army. Formed in 1962 as the 5th Separate Tank Brigade, it was initially tasked with defending the East German Baltic coast. It became the 138th Separate Tank Regiment in 1980. The regiment was disbanded in 1990.


138th Separate Tank Regiment, History
The brigade was activated in May 1962 in Schwerin, part of the 2nd Guards Tank Army. It moved to Primerwalde in 1964. The 24th Separate Tank Battalion and 22nd Separate Motor Rifle Battalion were based at Primerwalde. The 45th and 46th Separate Tank Battalions were at Wustrow. The 58th Separate Tank Battalion was at Garz. The tank battalions were equipped with T-54 tanks and the motor rifle battalion was equipped with BTR-152 armored personnel carriers. The brigade was tasked with the protection of the Baltic coastline. In 1974, the brigade had 130 T-54s.


138th Separate Tank Regiment, History
In 1980 the brigade was renamed the 138th Separate Tank Regiment, with the task of parachuting and airlanding assaults on Denmark. The 24th, 45th and 58th Separate Tank Battalions were transferred to Mongolia and became part of the 12th, 41st and 91st Motor Rifle Divisions. The 46th Separate Tank Battalion and 22nd Separate Motor Rifle Battalion were disbanded. The regiment was also reequipped with T-55 and T-62 tanks, as well as BTR-60 armored personnel carriers. It was disbanded in April 1990.


138th Street station (IRT Third Avenue Line)
138th Street was a station on the demolished IRT Third Avenue Line in the Bronx, New York City. It was originally opened on January 1, 1887 by the Suburban Rapid Transit Company, and had two tracks and one island platform. It was also served by trains of the IRT Second Avenue Line until June 11, 1940. A paid transfer was available to IRT Pelham Line trains at the underground Third Avenue – 138th Street station. This station closed on May 12, 1955, with the ending of all service on the Third Avenue El south of 149th Street.


138th Street station (New York Central Railroad)
The 138th Street station was a station on the Harlem and Hudson Lines of the New York Central Railroad, serving the community of Mott Haven in the Bronx, New York City. It was the southernmost station along both branches until 1973. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad also ran through this station but did not stop here.


138th Street station (New York Central Railroad), History
The New York and Harlem Railroad expanded their main line across the Harlem River through Mott Haven into Williams Bridge from a bridge built in 1841. This bridge would be replaced in 1867, 1897, and 1956. A station named Mott Haven was known to exist as far back as 1858. The station was rebuilt in a much more elaborate fashion in 1886, with the construction of a Richardson Romanesque structure designed by Robert Henderson Robertson, and was hailed as "the finest and most complete way station in the country". Originally at street level, the tracks were later raised above ground level as part of a grade elimination project in order to accommodate the 1897 version of the Park Avenue Bridge. A major grade elimination project in the Bronx north of the station also took place between 1888 and 1890.


138th Street station (New York Central Railroad), History
Throughout most of the station's existence, it has been in relatively close proximity to mass transit. In 1887, the Suburban Rapid Transit Company built a station along the Third Avenue Elevated several blocks to the east. By 1918, its successor, the Interborough Rapid Transit Company expanded the IRT Jerome Avenue Line south from 149th Street to the Lexington Avenue Tunnel into the IRT Lexington Avenue Line in Harlem, and built a subway station beneath the vicinity of the railroad station. The subway station still exists.


138th Street station (New York Central Railroad), History
During the Great Depression, New York Central had proposed to build a new station in Mott Haven eleven blocks to the north at 149th Street, just south of Mott Haven Junction. Mosaics at the 149th Street–Grand Concourse subway station complex direct commuters to this proposed station which was never built. Only the tunnel to the station was built and was closed by the New York City Transit Authority.


138th Street station (New York Central Railroad), History
Declining ridership following World War II, along with the decline of the South Bronx led to the demolition of the previous structure in 1966, and the replacement with little more than sheltered platforms. As with other NYC stations in the Bronx, 138th Street became a Penn Central station once the NYC & Pennsylvania Railroads merged in 1968. Penn Central acquired the New Haven Railroad in 1969, but the New Haven still never stopped there. However, because of the railroad's serious financial distress following the merger, commuter service was turned over to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1972. The station was closed by Penn Central on July 2, 1973, along with Morrisania, and 183rd Street stations in the South Bronx. The site of the station is today a location of a local community garden.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station
138th Street–Grand Concourse, also signed as 138th St-Mott Haven or simply Mott Haven on station signage, is a local station on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the T-intersection of East 138th Street and the Grand Concourse in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the Bronx. It is served by the 4 train at all times except during rush hours in the peak direction, and the 5 train at all times except late nights.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, History
The station opened on July 17, 1918, as Mott Haven Avenue station, as a southbound extension of the Jerome Avenue Line into the Upper East Side extension of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line. As such, it is the newest station on the line. The segment north of Kingsbridge Road to Woodlawn opened three months earlier.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, History
From November 18, 2019 to March 30, 2020, the northbound platform was temporarily closed for renovations. From April 27, 2020 to July 27, 2020, the southbound platform was temporarily closed for renovations.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout
This station has two side platforms and three tracks, and is the only other station on the line to be built underground. The center express track is used by the 4 train during rush hours in the peak direction.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout
Both platform walls have their original mosaic trim line with "MH" tablets on it, a relic of Mott Haven Avenue, the former name of the station. At either ends of the platform, where they were extended in the 1950s, the walls have a blue trim with "138TH ST" in white lettering. Blue i-beam columns run along both platforms at regular intervals with alternating ones having the standard black number plates in white lettering.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout
The station was built with tablets displaying "Mott Haven" and others displaying "138th Street - Mott Haven." The ones with "138th Street" were painted over with text reading "138th Street - Grand Concourse," but all were eventually covered with black plates reading "138 Street" in white Standard (Akzidenz-Grotesk) lettering. During the station's renovation in the late 2010s, most of the tablets were restored.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout
It is the southernmost station on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line. To the south, the line crosses the Harlem River into East Harlem, Manhattan and the three tracks merge into two and merge with the IRT Pelham Line to form the four-track IRT Lexington Avenue Line. To the north, the local tracks split into two. One set of tracks (the inner set) continues along Jerome Avenue, and the other set of tracks (the outer set) descends to a lower level and makes a sharp turn to merge with the IRT White Plains Road Line directly west of 149th Street–Grand Concourse. The 5 train uses these tracks during daytime hours.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout
Until 1972, the station had a connection to the 138th Street Station which served both the Harlem and Hudson Divisions of the New York Central Railroad.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout
In 2011, the advocacy group Transportation Alternatives took a poll of subway riders to vote for the smelliest subway station in the system, as part of its "rank the stank" contest. This station was ranked the smelliest of four nominated stations, receiving 35% of the votes.


138th Street–Grand Concourse station, Station layout, Exits
This station has one mezzanine above the center of the platforms and tracks. Two staircases from each platform go up to a waiting area/crossover, where a turnstile bank provides access to and from the station. Outside fare control, there is a token booth and two staircases going up to the northern corners of East 138th Street and the Grand Concourse. The mezzanine has its original "Uptown Trains" and "Downtown Trains" mosaic tablets and trim line.


138th meridian east
The meridian 138° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


138th meridian east
The 138th meridian east forms a great circle with the 42nd meridian west.


138th meridian east
In Australia, the border between the Northern Territory and Queensland approximates the meridian. The border runs north from Poeppel Corner at a bearing of 359° 59' 30", reaching the Gulf of Carpentaria several hundred meters west of the meridian.


138th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 138th meridian east passes through:


138th meridian west
The meridian 138° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


138th meridian west
The 138th meridian west forms a great circle with the 42nd meridian east.


138th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 138th meridian west passes through:


139 & Lenox
139 & Lenox is the second posthumous studio album by American hip hop artist Big L. It was released on August 31, 2010 by Flamboyant. The title of the album refers to the street of Harlem where Big L was raised in.


139 & Lenox
The 12-song collection of rare and unreleased tracks is a tribute to the revered DITC rapper's hallowed Harlem block, featuring production by the late Roc Raida on "On the Mic (Roc Raida Turntablist Mix)", as well as Big L's former fellow Rawkus artists Hi-Tek and Buckwild. Previously-unheard early mixes to classic L tracks like "Ebonics" and "Platinum Plus" and a live version of L's controversial 1st single "Devil's Son" can be heard alongside rare classics like "Furious Anger."


139 (number)
139 (One hundred [and] thirty-nine) is the natural number following 138 and preceding 140.


139 (number), In mathematics
139 is the 34th prime number. It is a twin prime with 137. Because 141 is a semiprime, 139 is a Chen prime. 139 is the smallest prime before a prime gap of length 10.


139 (number), In mathematics
This number is the sum of five consecutive prime numbers (19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37).


139 (number), In mathematics
It is the smallest factor of 64079  which is the smallest Lucas number with prime index which is not prime. It is also the smallest factor of the first nine terms of the Euclid–Mullin sequence, making it the tenth term.


139 (number), In mathematics
139 is a happy number and a strictly non-palindromic number.


139 BC
Year 139 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Piso and Laenas (or, less frequently, year 615 Ab urbe condita) and the Second Year of Jianyuan. The denomination 139 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


139 Juewa
139 Juewa /dʒuˈeɪwɑː/ is a very large and dark main belt asteroid. It is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous material. It was the first asteroid discovered from China.


139 Juewa
Juewa was discovered from Beijing by the visiting American astronomer James Craig Watson on 10 October 1874; Watson was in China to observe the transit of Venus. Watson asked Prince Gong to name the asteroid. Gong's choice was 瑞華星 (roughly, "Star of China’s Fortune"). Watson used only the first two characters, transliterating them as Juewa according to the conventions of his time (in modern pinyin, it would be transliterated as ruìhuá).


139 Juewa
Since 1988 there have been 8 reported stellar occultations by Juewa. From the occultation on 31 August 2013 the best fit ellipse measures 148.3+/-4.3 km x 142.3 +/- 15.6 km.


139 Juewa
13-cm radar observations of this asteroid from the Arecibo Observatory between 1980 and 1985 were used to produce a diameter estimate of 172 km. Based upon radar data, the near surface solid density of the asteroid is1.5+0.5−0.5 g cm−3.


139 Mcurn earthquake
The 139 Mcurn earthquake is listed in bibliographical records of seismology as having affected the city of Mcurn (modern Hösnek, Turkey).


139 Mcurn earthquake
The earthquake reportedly took place in the vicinity of Mount Ararat. The region was part of the historic Kingdom of Armenia, corresponding to eastern areas of modern Turkey. A primary source for the earthquake is the work of the historian Movses Khorenatsi (5th century).


139 Mcurn earthquake
Khorenatsi reported that the city of Mcbin-Nisibis (modern Nusaybin) was reconstructed by Sanatruk, following the city's destruction by an earthquake. It is unclear whether this Sanatruk was a king of Armenia or a Parthian invader. According to Khorenatsi's narrative, Sanatruk demolished the ruins of Nisibis and then rebuilt the city. The new city was reportedly more magnificent than its predecessor, fortified with a double defensive wall and an outwork.


139 Mcurn earthquake
The location of the earthquake is unclear. Mcbin was the Armenian name for Nisibis. But Nisibis was traditionally located in Mesopotamia, not in Armenia. The historian Sebeos (7th century) mentions a palace of Sanatruk, which was located in Nisibis. Sebeos drew information from earlier sources, and his narrative may have been influenced by Khorenatsi.


139 Mcurn earthquake
The historian Faustus of Byzantium (4th-5th century) reports that Sanatruk reconstructed the city of Mcurn, and not that of Mcbin. Mcurn was an Armenian city, located near the river Euphrates. Its exact site is unidentified. The difference concerning the identity of the reconstructed city may be based on a spelling mistake. Mcbin's name was also spelled as "Mcuin", closer to the name of Mcurn.


139 Mcurn earthquake
The Armenian historians drew information from ancient legends and oral traditions, placing doubt on the reported date and location of the earthquake. The traditional date of this earthquake is the year 139, but it may have instead occurred in earlier or later years of the 2nd century, since Sanatruk died around 110.


139 Movement
The 139 Movement (Italian: Movimento 139) is a political party in Italy led by Leoluca Orlando.


139 Tauri
139 Tauri is a single, blue-white hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.81. The distance to this star, as determined from an annual parallax shift of 2.10±0.19 mas, is roughly 1,600 light years. Because this star is located near the ecliptic, it is subject to occultations by the Moon. One such event was observed April 28, 1990.


139 Tauri
This is a massive B-type lower-luminosity supergiant or bright giant star with a stellar classification of B1 Ib or B0.5 II, respectively. It is around 22.5 million years old with a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 140 km/s. J. D. Rosendhal (1973) identified weak emission features associated with an asymmetric H-alpha absorption line, providing evidence of mass loss. The star has about 10 times the mass of the Sun and around 20 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating over 80,000 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 24,660 K. Stars such as this with 10 or more solar masses are expected to end their life by exploding as a Type II supernova.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks
139-141 George Street are heritage-listed former terrace houses and now shops located at 139-141 George Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1881 to 1882. It is also known as three storey stone building. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
The site was originally part of the first hospital complex from 1788, the 1790 portable hospital was constructed here after the arrival of the Second Fleet. When the Sydney Hospital moved to Macquarie Street in 1816 the vacant land was set aside as a government quarry. In the general survey of the town undertaken in the 1830s, the site was classified as Lot 7 of City Section 84 and comprised an area of 1 rood 15 perches. In January 1841 the allotment was officially granted to the trustees, executrix and executors of the estate of Samuel Terry.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
Terry's interest in the property dates from at least c. 1823 when an area of "26 rods" on the "west side of George Street" with a description that approximates that of the George Street half of Lot 7 of City Section 84 was leased by the government to Terry for 21 years. Terry was an emancipist, he arrived in Sydney in 1801 convicted of theft under a seven-year sentence. By the time of the expiration of his sentence he was established as a merchant in Parramatta and in 1809 was the owner of a farm on the Hawkesbury River.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
He moved to Sydney in 1810 where he opened a public house in Pitt Street and married Rosetta Marsh, a woman of considerable business acumen. During Governor Macquarie's administration the Terry's business interests prospered where "he held more than a fifth of the toal value of mortgages registered in the colony". He became known as the "Botany Bay Rothschild", at the time of his death in 1838 he left a personal estate of £250 000, an annual rental income from his Sydney properties of £10 000 and "land property which defies description".


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
On the site of 139-141 George Street, Terry constructed a terrace of three buildings (today's 139-143 George Street) on his allotment. They were evidently completed in the mid to late 1820s, and they appear on the Hoddle, Larmer and Mitchell "Map of Sydney" of 1831. The few available images of the buildings suggest a substantial structure of three stories with a prominent breakout capped by a closed pediment.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
The terraces were constructed for general retail outlets, as they are today. From the mid 1840s tenants of the premises are listed in street directories and council rate assessments. The first of these is for the years 1842-1845 when Isaac Moore, dealer, traded from premises with a street address of no. 663 Lower George Street. Isaac Moore, incidentally, was also the licensed publican of the adjoining Patent Slip Hotel around this time. Between 1849 and the mid 1850s the tenants were the Downes family (John and Eliza) who operated a clothing store (described as a "slop warehouse" and 'general outfitter'). Toward the end of the 1850s, in 1857 the building was leased by Andrew Bogle who operated a boarding house. Bogle was succeeded by Mrs Ballantyne in 1858 who with John Ballantyne for the period 1859 to 1861 leased the premises as a drapery store.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
The property was held by Samuel Terry's widow and principal trustee, Rosetta, until her death in 1858. For a short period after this her real property was controlled by Mrs Rebecca Fox until June 1860 when the estate was partitioned. The beneficiary of this part of the estate was William Whaley Billyard, the crown solicitor of New South Wales. Shortly after, Billyard sold the property to William Reilly for £1,762. (Reilly also acquired title to the neighbouring Russell Hotel site at the same time).


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
Coincidental with the commencement of Reilly's ownership, street directory entries from 1863 for the premises ceased, but as the building was extant this may suggest it was either left vacant (as stated in a Council rate assessment return for 1863) or, conceivably, became part of the operation of the hotel on the Russell Hotel site, the Patent Slip, for a period. By 1866 the building had been demolished and from 1867 the street directories and rate assessments list the address as "vacant land".


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
In June 1877 the property was transferred back into the ownership of William Whaley Billyard. In July 1881 the property was transferred into the ownership of Leo Ferdinand Sachs (further details on Sachs are not known). At the same time Sachs entered into the first of a number of mortgages made in the early 1880s, the last of which was discharged in 1886. These mortgages may have been used by Sachs to erect the extant building, which was under construction in 1882 and completed by the end of that year.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
The new premises provided a pair of shops fronting George Street with the street addresses of No. 139 and 141. The first tenant was William Howes, a tailor and clothier, occupant of both No. 139 and 141 in 1885. Ownership was then transferred in June 1885 to auctioneers Edmund Compton Batt and John Mitchell Purves.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
Batt and Purves' interest in the property was short lived and after securing two tenants in August 1886 Thomas Cripps, confectioner, for no. 141 and Thomas Selig, pawnbroker, for no. 139 (although actually tenanted by Joseph Selig, tailor and clothier)) sold the property to the Earl of Carnarvon, whose financial interests in Australia were managed by the financier and politician Sir William Patrick Manning (1845-1915). Selig continued to lease no. 139 until 1887, while Cripps' lease of no. 141 ceased during 1889. In February 1888 Thomas Stephen Small purchased the property and retained ownership until the government resumption of 1900.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
During these twelve years of Small's freehold ownership, No. 139 George Street was principally used as a restaurant and neighbouring no.141 had mixed uses as a chemist, butcher and confectionary. The use of the upper floors at this time would seem to have been for accommodation associated with the restaurant operations. A photograph of the neighbouring The Fortune of War Hotel of around 1906 includes a glimpse of the shopfront and awning of No. 139 George Street with advertising for rooms.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
The plague outbreak in January 1900 prompted the government to resume the entire Rocks and Millers Point area. To administer the resumed area a number of government authorities were established, The Rocks was administered by the Sydney Harbour Trust and its successor the Maritime Services Board until 1970.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
Initially under Government ownership the respective premises continued to function in a similar manner as to when the properties were held in freehold title. No. 139 for example continued as a restaurant although operated by a succession of different proprietors (with a short interim between 1909 and 1910 when it was leased by Isaac Levy, clothier). No . 141 continued to be leased from 1900 until 1913 by F. G. Erler, chemist. Following Erler in 1914 was F. A. Benson who initially traded as a chemist until 1923 and between 1924 and 1928 as an accountant. From 1929 up to the 1950s the premises were leased by John George Peek, chemist. During 1930s Peek also entered into a lease of the adjoining premises at No. 139, trading as an optometrist.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
In November 1987, the proprietors of the Russell Hotel (Russell Hotel Pty. Ltd.) acquired the lease of the two upper floors of No. 139-141 George Street as part of a scheme to amalgamate the trading operations of the Fortune of War (No. 137 George Street) and the Russell Hotel (No. 143 George Street). The ground floor shops however of No. 139-141 George Street continued to operate under separate lease arrangements. In 1985, for example, No. 139 was leased by Rentoul Pty. Ltd. trading as the Sheepskin Shop, and No. 141 was leased by Dinallo's Fruit Shop.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
Commencing in the late 1970s and continuing through the 1980s the then Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority (SCRA) undertook a programme of restoration and reconstruction of the premises at no. 139-141 George Street. These alterations also included the construction of the premises at the rear of 139-141 George Street, known as 30-32 Nurses Walk. Contemporary with the SCRA alterations, further alterations and additions were undertaken over the 1980s.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, History
This work was prepared for the proprietors of The Russell Hotel by Ron Vickery architect, and included in 1984 a new development at 30-32 Nurses Walk, which was completed in the mid 1980s and provided the additional rooms and connections with the neighbouring premises under the joint The Russell Hotel lease.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Description
The building is a large three storey building of dressed sandstone in the Classical Revival manner built c. 1890. The upper floor windows have fine detailing in the carved stone surrounds, and the whole building is topped by a high parapet with a large central pediment. The shopfronts have been much altered.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Description
Style: Front facade 'Neo-classical'; Storeys: Three; Facade: Brick walls; Internal Walls: Brick; Roof Cladding: Iron; Floor Frame: Timber


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Description
No. 139-141 George Street is a double storey sandstone masonry built commercial premises constructed c. 1882. The premises are currently leased as retain outlets (ground floor - Rockhounds and the Sheepskin Shop) and as hotel accommodation (first and second floors) which is part of The Russell Hotel operation. The rear of the premises is a modern building which adjoins a laneway now known as Nurses Walk.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Description, Condition
As at 27 April 2001, Archaeology Assessment Condition: Mostly disturbed. Assessment Basis: Cellars under No. 139. Recent renovation. Floors terraced into hill slope. The work involved the assessment of underfloor deposits at this site during renovations. No evidence was found of structures pre-dating 1881, although it should be stressed that not all archaeological deposits were removed from the site. Investigation: Watching Brief.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
As at 31 March 2011, this pair of shops and residences and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
It is a rare example of a late nineteenth century decorative sandstone façade in the Classical Revival style a set within a streetscape, George Street North, which is the most intact nineteenth and early twentieth century streetscape in the City. The building and site demonstrate longevity of European use that is historically associated with the early colonial development in Sydney in being part of the general hospital site (1788-1816) and part of a stone terrace of three constructed for Samuel Terry (c.1830s).


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The subsequent use of the site as retail/commercial shops with upper floor boarding rooms is closely associated with the later economic and social development of The Rocks area as a place of residence and travellers. The building is included on key heritage registers maintained by government and community groups and these recognise the heritage values of the item individually and as part of the historic Rocks precinct. The site is also of local heritage significance owing to its potential to reveal evidence of earlier site uses and structures.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
Shops and Residences - stone was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The item meets this criterion at a state level owing to the longevity of European use of the site, which is associated with the early colonial development in Sydney in being part of the general hospital site (1788-1816) and part of a stone terrace of three constructed for Samuel Terry (c. 1830s). The subsequent continuous use of the site as retail/commercial shops with upper floor boarding rooms is closely associated with the later economic and social development of The Rocks area as a place of residence and travellers.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The site is associated with Samuel Terry and his wife Rosetta. Terry was a successful emancipist merchant, landowner and became known as "The Botany Bay Rothschild". Between 1817 and 1820 he held more than a fifth of the total value of mortgages registered in the colony, a higher proportion than that of the Bank of New South Wales.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
He was also one of the largest shareholders in the bank, but when he stood for election as director in 1818, 1819 and 1820 he was unsuccessful; when elected in 1822 he was refused his seat on the pretext that, as an expiree, he was not "unconditionally free". When again elected to the board of the Bank of New South Wales in August 1828 by 308 votes to 83 he took office only until December.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
By that time he had become a leading philanthropist, contributing to the Benevolent Society, Auxiliary Bible Society, Sydney Public Grammar school, and later to Sydney College, on whose committees he served actively. He supported the Wesleyans and became a trustee for them in 1822. In the late 1820s Terry was firmly established as a public figure, though still often censured for his methods and for his material success. He became increasingly identified with the political aspirations of the emancipists and at times their spokesman: for example, as treasurer of the committee formed in 1821 to defend their rights.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
In 1827, 1830 and 1831 he was a leader in organizing petitions for trial by jury and a house of assembly, and also in expressing patriotic feeling through Australia Day celebrations; he was in the chair at the fortieth anniversary dinner in 1828 and again in 1831 as first president of the "Australian Society for the Promotion of the Growth and Cultivation of Colonial Produce and Manufactures". In 1826 he became president of a Masonic Lodge and was prominent in its activities in the following years of his life.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
Despite criticisms and snubs he had attained a position of public eminence and often of public responsibility. When Terry died on 22 February 1838, three years after a paralytic seizure, he was buried with Masonic honours and the band of the 50th Regiment led the procession. The funeral, described as the grandest seen in the colony, may be taken as the summation of his life's striving. He left a personal estate of £250,000, an income of over £10,000 a year from Sydney rentals, and landed property that defies assessment. His will was eventually published by the government as a public document. His wife lived until 5 September 1858. The family sold to the government the land now occupied by Martin Place and the General Post Office, Sydney.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The Terrys, Samuel and Rosetta, may be seen in retrospect as two able, single-minded early colonists who resolved to reverse their unfavourable, brutalizing early fortunesand succeeded.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The item meets this criterion at a state level as an important extant example of a late nineteenth century commercial building in the Classical Revival architectural style with its decorative sandstone façade set within the streetscape of George Street North, which is the most intact nineteenth and early twentieth century streetscape in the City.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The item meets this criterion at a state level owing to its inclusion on key heritage registers maintained by government and community groups which recognise the heritage values of the item individually and as part of the historic Rocks precinct.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The item meets this criterion at a local level owing the potential of the site to reveal evidence of earlier site uses and structures.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The item meets this criterion at a local level owing the rarity of the decorative sandstone façade and setting with the heritage streetscape of George Street North.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The item meets this criterion at a local level in being a representative example of a late nineteenth century commercial premises built in the economic boom of the 1880s.


139-141 George Street, The Rocks, References, Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on , entry number 1595 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under  , accessed on 14 October 2018.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney
139-153 Sussex Street is a heritage-listed former warehouse and now hotel located at 139-153 Sussex Street, in the  Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1850. It is also known as Warehouses (former) and Shops/Warehouses. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, History
The site was originally warehousing built c. 1850s, which serviced the coastal and shipping trades. As such they have historical associations with transport, pastoral and trade developments. They reflect the predominant use of the Sussex Street area as storage, warehousing and markets related to the adjacent wharfage in Darling Harbour.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, History
The residents on the site during the 19th and 20th century were mainly produce and commission agents who incorporated auctioneering into their businesses. In the 1890s The Hunter River Farmers & Consumers Co-operative had its warehouse, offices and agents on the site, possibly taking advantage of the Hunter River Steamship Company's transportation and wharfage next door. Gray & Co were long-time residents on the site in the early 20th century with their warehouse and office facilities in the buildings.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, History
The building were extensively redeveloped c. 1985 into the Four Points Hotel, their façade only remains.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Description
Rendered brickwork warehouses with iron roof built during mid 1850s. Single storey to Sussex Street and three storeys at rear. Simple façade with largely original windows and shopfronts. The design and detailing matches that of 149-153 Sussex Street.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
As at 30 April 2002, an elegantly proportioned terrace of early Victorian warehouses which makes an important contribution to the significance of the Sussex Street Group. A fine example of the commercial architecture of its period.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
The Central Warehouses (No. 139-151) together with the Corn Exchange building (No. 173-185) are some of  the last remaining remnants of this warehousing and commercial area which serviced Sydney's developing commercial and trading sector in the mid to later 19th century. They comprise a sample of mid to late 19th century warehouse and commercial buildings, that together with other remaining buildings of this era in Sussex Street comprise a homogenous group with careful attention to design, materials, and workmanship. The Central Warehouse buildings are a good example of a mid 19th century warehouse complex. Their development reflects the essential role that warehouse development has played in the development of Sydney as a commercial and trading centre. The buildings were extensively renovated as part of the Four Points Hotel redevelopment in 1985.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
139-153 Sussex Street was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
The buildings  were originally warehousing built c. 1855, which serviced the coastal and shipping trade. As such they have historical associations with  transport, pastoral and trade developments. They reflect the predominate use of the Sussex Street area as storage, warehousing and markets related to the wharfage in Darling Harbour.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, Heritage listing
A fine example of the commercial architecture of its period. The elegantly proportioned terrace of early Victorian warehouses which makes an important contribution to the significance of the Sussex Street Group.


139-153 Sussex Street, Sydney, References, Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on , entry number 413 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under  , accessed on 13 October 2018.


1390
Year 1390 (MCCCXC) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1390 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1390 kHz: 1390 AM is a Regional broadcast frequency.


1390 Abastumani
1390 Abastumani (prov. designation: 1935 TA) is a very large and dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 October 1935, by Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The primitive P-type asteroid has a rotation period of 17.1 hours and measures approximately 101 kilometers (63 miles) in diameter. It was named for the Georgian town of Abastumani.


1390 Abastumani, Orbit and classification
The dark and reddish asteroid is classified as a rare P-type asteroid in the Tholen taxonomic scheme, of which only a few dozens bodies are currently known. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.3–3.6 AU once every 6 years and 4 months (2,326 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 20° with respect to the ecliptic. The first used precovery was taken at Lowell Observatory in 1929, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 6 years prior to its discovery.


1390 Abastumani, Discovery
Abastumani was discovered on 3 October 1935, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. On the same night, the asteroid was independently discovered by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at Johannesburg Observatory. It was one of the last large-sized bodies discovered in the outer belt (also see 1269 Rollandia and 1902 Shaposhnikov, discovered in 1930 and 1972, respectively).


1390 Abastumani, Naming
This minor planet is named after the spa town of Abastumani located in the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia. It is now the place where the Abastuman Astronomical Observatory (119) is situated. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in November 1952 (M.P.C. 838).