12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
After completing training the division left Abilene and departed from Camp Shanks, New York, for the European Theater of Operations on 20 September 1944. It landed at Liverpool, England on 2 October 1944. While awaiting replacement armor which had been borrowed by the U.S. Third Army, the 12th was sent to Tidworth Barracks in Wiltshire, UK. It crossed the English Channel from Southampton, arrived at Le Havre, France, on 11 November 1944 and then traveled up the Seine River to Rouen to join the Seventh Army under Lieutenant General Alexander Patch. Advance elements met the enemy near Weisslingen in Alsace on 5 December, and the entire division moved against the Maginot Line fortifications two days later.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
In its advance, Rohrbach-lès-Bitche and towns surrounding Bettviller were liberated by 12 December 1944, and Utweiler, Germany was seized on 21 December. After a short period of rehabilitation and maintenance, the 12th rolled against the Rhine bridgehead at Herrlisheim that the Germans had established as part of their Operation Nordwind offensive. In order to seal the Battle of the Bulge, units of the Seventh Army were diverted north to assist the Third Army in capturing Bastogne. Due to this, the remainder of the Seventh Army, including the 12th Armored Division, was stretched thin holding a 126 miles (203 km) long front line with only eight divisions.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
German defenders repulsed two division attacks in the most violent fighting in the history of the division, during 8 to 10 January and 16 to 17 January 1945. The division's attacks at Herrlisheim failed to use combined-arms tactics and were defeated in detail, resulting in two tank and two armored infantry battalions taking heavy losses. Poor tactics were compounded by terrain that was almost tabletop-flat, offering the German defenders excellent fields of fire. However, enemy counterattacks failed also, in part because of the firm leadership of the commander of Combat Command B, Colonel Charles Bromley, who declared his headquarters expendable and ordered all personnel in the headquarters to prepare a hasty defense.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
The division was subsequently relieved by the U.S. 36th Infantry Division. The 12th Armored Division suffered over 1,700 battle casualties during the fighting in and around Herrlisheim. As a consequence, when African-American soldiers who were in non-combat positions were able to volunteer to become combat troops, Major General Roderick R. Allen was one of only ten division commanders who allowed them to join the combat ranks.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
After recovering from the bruising experience at Herrlisheim, the 12th went over to the offensive and attacked south from Colmar, after being assigned to the French First Army under General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny. In a lightning drive, the 12th effected junction with French forces at Rouffach, on 5 February, sealing the Colmar Pocket and ending German resistance in the Vosges Mountains. Except for elements acting as a protective screen, the division withdrew to the St. Avold area for rest and rehabilitation.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
The division was attached to the Third Army under General George S. Patton Jr., on 17 March 1945 through its crossing of the Rhine on 28 March. The soldiers were ordered to remove their identifying unit insignias and vehicle markings were painted over, disguising the fact that Patton had an additional tank division under his command. Thus the 12th was given the nickname the "Mystery Division". The attack resumed on 18 March 1945.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
In a quick drive to the Rhine, Ludwigshafen fell on 21 March, and two other important river cities, Speyer and Germersheim, were secured on 24 March, clearing the Saar Palatinate. Maintaining the rapid pace, the 12th crossed the Rhine River at Worms on 28 March over pontoon bridges, advanced toward Würzburg, and captured that city along with elements of the famed 42nd Infantry Division (United States). After assisting in the seizure of Schweinfurt, the division continued toward Nuremberg on 13 April, taking Neustadt, then shifted south toward Munich on 17 April. Elements of the 12th raced from Dinkelsbühl to the Danube, where they found the bridge at Lauingen had been blown. Moving quickly they captured the bridge at Dillingen intact before demolition men could destroy it. This bridge provided a vital artery for Allied troops flooding into southern Bavaria.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
The division spearheaded the Seventh Army drive, securing Landsberg, on 27 April and clearing the area between the Ammer and Würm Lakes by 30 April. The 12th Armored Division is recognized as a liberating unit of the Landsberg concentration camps near the Landsberg Prison, sub-camps of Dachau concentration camp on 27 April 1945. On 29 April 1945, the 12th AD liberated Oflag VII-A Murnau, a German Army POW camp for Polish Army officers interned north of the Bavarian town of Murnau am Staffelsee during World War II.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
Elements crossed the Inn River and the Austrian border at Kufstein on 3 May. The 12th Armored Division was relieved by the 36th Infantry Division on 4 May. On 5 May, Lieutenant (later Captain) John C. Lee Jr., Co. B, 23rd Tank Battalion, organized the rescue of VIP French prisoners from an Alpine castle in Bavaria during the Battle for Castle Itter. Under Lee's command were members of the German Wehrmacht, who combined forces with 2 tanks from the 12th to fight the SS Commander and soldiers guarding the prisoners. For leading the successful rescue of these prisoners, Lee was promoted to captain and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
The 12th Armored Division engaged in security duty around Ulm until 22 November 1945, when it left Marseille, France, for home. Some members of the 12th attended the US Army University, in either Biarritz, France or Shrivenham, England during this time.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Combat chronicle
It was deactivated on 3 December 1945, and on 17 December 1945, its battle flags were turned in at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, POWs captured
During its deployment the 12th Armored Division captured 72,243 enemy prisoners of war. Among them were Adolf Eichmann and Wernher von Braun.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, POWs captured
Nearly 8,500 Allied POWs, including 1,500 Americans, and an additional 20,000 non-military prisoners, were liberated by the 12th AD.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Casualties
Total 12th Armored Division complement: 10,937 at end of 1944;17,000 assigned to the division between activation and deactivation


12th Armored Division (United States), History, World War II, Assignments of the 12th AD to Higher Commands
Date 	Assigned to Corps 	Assigned to Army 	Attached to Army 	Assigned to Army Group 	Attached to Army Group


12th Armored Division (United States), History, Memorials Recognizing the 12th Armored Division
Monument at the top of Mont de Sigolsheim honors the American soldiers who fought for the liberation of Alsace at the site of the Battle of Sigolsheim in Dec. 1944.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, Memorials Recognizing the 12th Armored Division
In Appreciation (by the people of) Alsace to the 1st French Army of the Rhine and Danube and their American Comrades (who) liberated Alsace 1944-1945. The U.S. 21st Army Corps, U.S. 12th Armored Division, the U.S. 3rd, 28th, 75th, 36th, 45th, 63rd, 103rd Infantry Divisions.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, Memorials Recognizing the 12th Armored Division
The insignias of the U.S. Divisions that fought in Alsace are emblazoned on the Sigolsheim monument: the U.S. 21st Army Corps, U.S. 12th Armored Division (bottom row, 2nd from left), the U.S. 3rd, 28th, 75th, 36th, 45th, 63rd, 103rd Infantry Divisions.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, Memorials Recognizing the 12th Armored Division
Place Colonel Meigs is located in Rohrbach, France near where Lt. Col. Montgomery C. Meigs died while commanding the 23rd Tank Bn, 12th AD. He was posthumously awarded the Silver Star.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, Memorials Recognizing the 12th Armored Division
Grave marker of Lt. Col Meigs, commander of the 23rd Tank Bn., 12th AD, Lorraine American Cemetery, Saint-Avold, Departement de la Moselle, Lorraine, France. Photo courtesy of Command Sergeant Major Dwight "Andy" Anderson (ret), American Battle Monuments Commission.


12th Armored Division (United States), History, Memorials Recognizing the 12th Armored Division
Plaque on the 50th Anniversary of World War II Memorial, Herrlisheim, France


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Association
The 12th Armored Division Association was founded on 15 September 1945 at Heidenheim, Germany, on the occasion of the third anniversary of the division's activation. Website:


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Association, The Hellcat News (newspaper)
The Hellcat News, the newspaper of the 12th Armored Division, was first published in 1942 as an information sheet. Initial publication was part of the public relations duties of the Special Services unit of the 12th Armored Division while the division trained at Camp (later Fort) Campbell, Kentucky. In 1943, after the division was transferred to Camp Barkeley in Abilene, Texas, the division commander, Major General Carlos Brewer, assigned three men to Special Services to continue the newspaper. The first official issue of the newspaper was published at Camp Campbell, Kentucky, although the byline reads "Somewhere in Tennessee".


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Association, The Hellcat News (newspaper)
This was because Camp Campbell was in the Tennessee Maneuver Area located on the Kentucky-Tennessee border between Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and Clarksville, Tennessee. Due to its close proximity to Clarksville, Tennessee, the War Department on 6 March 1942, designated Tennessee as the official address of the new camp. This caused a great deal of confusion, since the Headquarters was in Tennessee and the post office was in Kentucky. After many months of mail delivery problems, Colonel Guy W. Chipman requested that the address be changed to Camp Campbell, Kentucky. The U.S. War Department officially changed the address on 23 September 1942.


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Association, The Hellcat News (newspaper)
The newspaper continued to be published by the division Special Services after transfer of the division to Camp Barkeley in Abilene, Texas, from February 1944 through the final issue published in the U.S during the war on 10 August 1944 (Vol. 2, No. 26), when the entire division was shipped to Europe to join the 7th Army in France. Publication resumed with Volume 3, Issue 1 on 18 May 1945, in Heidenheim, Germany, following cessation of combat operations in the ETO.


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Association, The Hellcat News (newspaper)
The Special Services of the division published the first issues in Europe on a weekly basis when conditions permitted, until the deactivation of the division in 1946. The Hellcat News is one of two U.S. military newspapers that has been continuously published since World War 2, the other being the older "Stars and "Stripes", which began publication on 9 November 1861 in Bloomfield, Missouri. The "Hellcat News" is the oldest U.S. Armed Forces divisional newspaper still being published since World War 2.


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Association, The Hellcat News (newspaper), Content
Wartime publications contained division news stories, cartoons and photographs. The later editions of the 12th Armored Association contain information about former members of the division, organizational news including information about the yearly reunion, original cartoons, and photographs both from the war years and afterwards. A series relating the history of the division is also recounted in the newspaper. In addition, the president of the association and the secretary included messages of interest in most issues. These messages contain information about the division's Medal of Honor recipient, Staff Sergeant Edward A. Carter Jr. The Hellcat News is published by the 12th Armored Division Association. Archived copies of the Hellcat News from the first issue in 1943 through 2012 are available online through the West Texas Digital Archive.


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Memorial Museum
In October 2001 the 12th Armored Division Memorial Museum opened its doors to the public in Abilene, Texas, with the stated mission to serve as a display and teaching museum for the study of World War II and its impact on the American people. "The Twelfth Armored Division Memorial Museum is located in Abilene, Texas, near (9 miles south of) the site of the former Camp Barkeley where the Division trained prior to being sent overseas into the European Theater of Operations.


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Memorial Museum
The Museum holds collections of the 12th Armored Division, World War II archives, memorabilia, and oral histories, along with selected equipment and material loaned or donated by others. The education plan focuses on expanding academic access to World War II historical materials, veterans, and their families; preserving the history of the 12th Armored Division for study, research, and investigations by future generations; providing training in public history professions, developing new education programs for students and establishing a technology bridge between the 12th Armored Division Historical Collection and the public."


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Memorial Museum
As part of an ongoing venture to become a larger part of the West Texas community and the greater Abilene area, 12th Armored Division Memorial Museum has partnered with the West Texas Digital Archives, providing access to copies of the "Hellcat News" from first edition to 2012.


12th Armored Division (United States), 12th Armored Division Memorial Museum
This Website ("Humans of the 12th Armored") Accesses the Texas Archives from the Roster of the Veterans from the 12th Armored Museum Website:


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom)
The 12th Armoured Brigade Combat team, formerly the 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade, is a regular brigade of the British Army which has been in almost continuous existence since 1899 and now forms part of 3rd (United Kingdom) Division.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, Second Boer War
The brigade was first formed in December 1899 as 12th Infantry Brigade and saw action at the Battle of Rensburg, Battle of Norval's Point, Battle of Biddulph's Berg and Battle of Slabbert's Nek.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, First World War
During the First World War, the 12th Brigade, a regular army formation, was assigned to the 4th Infantry Division. It was dispatched to France, crossing the English Channel on 22 August 1914, as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and saw action in the First Battle of the Marne beginning in September 1914. It then spent much of the rest of the conflict engaged in trench warfare.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, First World War, Order of battle
The 12th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, First World War, Order of battle
From early November 1915 until February 1916 the 12th Brigade was swapped with the 107th (Ulster) Brigade of the 36th (Ulster) Division.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, Second World War
During the Second World War, except for a few brief periods of detachment, the brigade formed part of the 4th Infantry Division, as in the First World War. It was part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and took part in Battle of France and the subsequent Dunkirk evacuation in May–June 1940.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, Second World War
The brigade remained in the United Kingdom for the next two years, preparing and training to repel Operation Sea Lion, the German invasion of England, although that never arrived. It moved to North Africa in February 1943 to take part in the later stages of the Tunisian Campaign and saw action at the Battle of Oved Zara, the Battle of Medjez Plain and the Battle of Tunis. It then took part in the Italian Campaign, moving to Naples in February 1944 and saw further action at the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, Second World War
By October 1944 the 4th Division was taking part in the British Eighth Army's battle on the Gothic Line but was withdrawn in November to spend the rest of the war in Greece, part of the Allied force tasked to prevent civil unrest as rival factions attempted to fill the political vacuum when the Germans withdrew from the country.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, Second World War, Order of battle
The 12th Infantry Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), History, Post-1945
The brigade was disbanded in March 1947, but reformed from 91 Lorried Infantry Brigade in April 1956. During the 1970s, it was one of two "square" brigades assigned to 2nd Armoured Division. After being briefly converted to "Task Force Delta" in the late 1970s, the brigade was reinstated in 1981, assigned to 1st Armoured Division and based at Quebec Barracks at Osnabrück. It remained with 1st Armoured Division, apart from a spell under HQ 3rd Armoured Division during Operation Granby, until disbandment under Options for Change. Following the Strategic Defence Review in 1998, the brigade was reformed in mechanized form under 3rd Mechanised Division at Aldershot Garrison: it relocated to Ward Barracks in Bulford Camp in February 2004.


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), Current Organisation, Army 2020
The brigade headquarters, with two battle groups – the 1st Battalion The Royal Anglian Regiment and the 1st Battalion The Grenadier Guards – deployed to Afghanistan in 2007 to form the headquarters and main infantry combat units of Task Force Helmand as a part of the NATO International Security Assistance Force. Under Army 2020, its headquarters remains at Bulford and it forms part of the Reaction Force. It has been renamed 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade and includes the following units:


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), Current Organisation, Army 2020 Refine
The current organisation of the brigade under the Army 2020 Refine is:


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), Current Organisation, Army 2020 Refine
Although not part of the brigade, the following units support the brigade:


12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (United Kingdom), Current Organisation, Army 2020 Refine
Under the Defence in a Competitive Age programme and subsequent Future Soldier, the brigade will in due time be redesignated as the 12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team.


12th Armoured Regiment (Australia)
The 12th Armoured Regiment was an armoured regiment of the Australian Army, which served during World War II. The regiment was formed in May 1942 as part of the 6th Australian Armoured Brigade. It was  originally a Citizens Military Force unit which was converted from the 18th Motor Regiment, formerly the 18th Machine Gun Regiment and previously the 18th Light Horse Regiment (Adelaide Lancers).


12th Armoured Regiment (Australia), History
The 12th Armoured Regiment was formed from the 18th Motor Regiment and was transferred from the Australian Light Horse to the Australian Armoured Corps on 8 May 1942. The regiment, along with the 13th and 14th Armoured Regiments, 9th Motor Regiment and 3rd Reconnaissance Squadron, was allocated to the newly-raised 6th Armoured Brigade, itself part of the newly-converted 2nd Armoured Division. The 12th Armoured Regiment was initially based in Adelaide.


12th Armoured Regiment (Australia), History
In July 1942, the regiment moved to Puckapunyal with the rest of the 6th Armoured Brigade. At the Armoured Fighting Vehicles School the regiment conducted Officer and Senior NCO leadership and tactics course, prior to conducting specialised training in driving and maintenance, gunnery and wireless for each squadron. The regiment trained on M3 Grant medium tanks and M3 Stuart light tanks, with support elements equipped with a range of carriers, trucks and weapons. Upon completion of elementary training, the regiment conducted squadron and regimental exercises in the Seymour district. At the completion of these manoeuvres the 12th Armoured Regiment, and the 6th Armoured Brigade in general, was at a high standard of training and was well equipped at close to war establishment. The unit achieved AIF status, with at least 65% of its members volunteering for overseas service.


12th Armoured Regiment (Australia), History
However, by December 1942 the strategic threat to Australia had lessened as the Japanese advance had been halted following the battles of the Coral Sea and Guadalcanal, and the Kokoda Track campaign. Consequently, it was assessed that the large numbers of armoured units created for the defence of Australia were no longer required, and the 2nd Armoured Division was ordered to disband. While elements of the 6th Armoured Brigade were reallocated to other divisions, the 12th Armoured Regiment was disbanded on 13 February 1943.


12th Armoured Regiment (India)
The 12th Armoured Regiment, is an armoured regiment which is part of the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army. The regiment was raised as an all-class regiment on 1 October 1984 by Lt Col L.R. Vaid at Kapurthala with Vijayanta tanks.


12th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The regiment was subsequently converted to T-90 tanks. The regiment has served in Operation Trident, Operation Rakshak I and Operation Rakshak II.


12th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The regiment has adopted the nickname Barasinghas (meaning 12-point stag), and representing the Barasingha, or swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), a deer species endemic  to India. This was inspired by the statue of a barasingha stag in full cry in the palace of the Maharaja of Kapurthala. Each of the tines of the antlers is said to symbolise one of the 12 tank troops of the regiment.


12th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The Regiment had the honour of participating in the annual Republic Day parade in 2004 and 2005.


12th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The Regiment was presented the ‘President’s Standards’ at Babina on 19 October 2010 by the then President of India, Mrs Prathiba Patil.


12th Armoured Regiment (India), Regimental Insignia
The cap badge of the unit has crossed lances and pennons, with the numeral 12 at the crossing, with the regimental motto inscribed on a scroll below in Devanagari script. The cap badge is in silver plate for officers and nickel plate for other ranks. The motto of the regiment is "Shauryamev Jeevnam" which means 'life with valour'.


12th Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 12th Army was a field army-level command of the Austro-Hungarian Army that existed only for one month during World War I, led by Archduke Karl Franz Joseph. It had been formed in response to the success of the Russian Empire's Brusilov Offensive, and was dissolved upon the formation of Army Group Archduke Karl.


12th Army (Austria-Hungary), History
The Austro-Hungarian 12th Army was formed on the Eastern Front on 4 July 1916, and its commander was Archduke Karl Franz Joseph, the future Emperor of Austria. The 12th Army was again disbanded on 13 August 1916, around the time when the Archduke became commander of the Army Group Archduke Karl, fighting against the Russian Empire and Romania.


12th Army (German Empire)
The 12th Army (German: 12. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 12 / A.O.K. 12) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I formed in August 1915 by the redesignation of Armee-Gruppe Gallwitz. It served exclusively on the Eastern Front and was dissolved on 9 October 1916 when its commander, General der Infanterie Max von Fabeck, was transferred to 8th Army.


12th Army (German Empire), History
On 9 February 1915 Guards Reserve Corps was redesignated Armee-Gruppe Gallwitz. Its commander was raised to the status of an Army Commander on 18 March 1915 and his Armee-Gruppe was redesignated as 12th Army on 7 August 1915.


12th Army (German Empire), History
On 22 July, the armies of Central Powers crossed the Vistula river. In August, the Russian Fourth Army left the Ivangorod fortress. With the continuing Russian retreat, Warsaw became isolated, and the 12th Army seized the opportunity and conquered it on 4–5 August.


12th Army (German Empire), Commanders
Armee-Gruppe Gallwitz was redesignated as 12th Army on 7 August 1915 with von Gallwitz remaining in command. The 12th Army was dissolved on 9 October 1916 when its commander was transferred to 8th Army.


12th Army (RSFSR)
The 12th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed twice.


12th Army (RSFSR), First formation
The 12th Army was formed on October 3, 1918 in the region of Astrakhan and the Eastern part of the Northern Caucasus. It was part of the Southern Front since November 3, 1918 and then of the Caspian-Caucasian Front, with which it fought the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), between December 8, 1918 and March 13, 1919 when it was disbanded. It was composed of the 45th and 58th divisions.


12th Army (RSFSR), Second formation
On June 16, 1919, a new 12th Army was formed from the troops of the 1st and 3rd Ukrainian Soviet Army. It fought in Ukraine against Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army, and then against the troops of Semen Petlura, which it pushed back behind the town of Zbrucz. Here it encountered troops of the Polish Army. It 1919, it was composed of the 44th, 47th, 58th and 60th divisions, as well as of the 9th Cavalry division.


12th Army (RSFSR), Second formation
In the spring of 1920, as part of the Southwestern Front, the 12th Army was deployed against the Polish offensive in Ukraine and was pushed back over the Dnieper. In the counteroffensive of the Red Army in summer 1920, it reached the Bug. At the end of the Polish-Soviet War, the 12th Army had suffered heavy losses and was disbanded on December 25, 1920. It 1920, it was composed of the 7th, 44th, 47th, 58th divisions and 17th Cavalry division.


12th Army (Russian Empire)
The 12th Army was a field army of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I that fought on the Eastern Front.


12th Army (Russian Empire)
Its field headquarters was established in January 1915. In August 1915, the entire staff of the 12th Army was replaced by that of the 13th Army, which itself ceased to exist. The unit was assigned to the Northwestern Front and later to the Northern Front, being disbanded by the end of 1917.


12th Army (Russian Empire), Commanders
From 29 December 1917 to April 1918, the 12th Army was nominally commanded by a board of:


12th Army (Russian Empire), Organisation
At the end of the war, the field army included:


12th Army (Soviet Union)
The Soviet Union's 12th Army was a field army formed multiple times during the Russian Civil War and World War II.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Civil War & Polish-Soviet War
The 12th Army (Russian Civil War 1st Formation) of the Soviet Red Army was first formed from Soviet forces in the north-eastern Caucasus in 1918.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Civil War & Polish-Soviet War
The 12th Army (Russian Civil War 2nd Formation) was formed from the 1st and 3rd Ukrainian Red Armies in central Ukraine in the summer of 1919. In July 1920 Simon Aralov was chief of intelligence with this unit. it was disbanded in 1920.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Second World War
The 12th Army (1st Formation) (RKKA) of the Soviet Red Army was formed from the Southern (Cavalry-Mechanised) Army Group of the Kiev Special Military District during 1939-40.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Second World War
It was then involved in the Soviet invasion of Poland (1939). It entered the Second World War as part of the Soviet Southwestern Front, comprising the


12th Army (Soviet Union), Second World War
It participated in the frontier battle to the west of Stanislau. In the second half of July as part of the Soviet Southern Front it conducted defensive fights in the direction of Uman. During the Battle of Uman, the Twelfth Army was caught in a huge encirclement south of Kiev along with the 6th Army. Thus the army's headquarters was disbanded on 10 August 1941, after the battle.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Second World War
The 12th Army was reformed in August 1941 as part of the Soviet Southern Front on the basis of 17th Rifle Corps. On 1 September 1941 its structure included 270th and 274th Rifle Divisions, the 11th Tank Division, 268th and 374th Corps Artillery Regiments, 64th and 181st Fighter Aviation Regiments, and a number of separate formations.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Second World War
The Army defended the left coast of the Dnepr around Zaporozhye, from the end of September to the beginning of December, 1941. It participated in the Donbass defensive, Rostov defensive and offensive, in January, 1942 in the Barvenkovo–Lozovaya Offensive operations, in the subsequent conducted defensive fights in Donbass and on Northern Caucasus (part of the Battle of the Caucasus). In the middle of April 1942 the 261st Rifle Division under Colonel A.M. Ilina, the 4th Rifle Division (Colonel I.P.Roslogo), the 74th Rifle Division under General F.E.Sheverdina, the 176th Rifle Division (General V.N.Martsinkevicha) and 54th Tank Brigade (тбр) under Colonel K.S. Minarova were assigned to the Army.


12th Army (Soviet Union), Second World War
It was later in 1942 reorganised as a defensive zone HQ, but then reformed again by conversion of the previous 5th Tank Army in mid April 1943. It joined the Southwestern Front. Its structure included the 172nd, 203rd, 244th, 333rd and 350th Rifle Divisions and other formations. In April - July the Army was in Front reserve, and then participated in the Donbass and Zaporozhye offensive operations. In November the army HQ was disbanded, with its forces transferred to other armies.


12th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 12th Army (German: 12. Armee) was a World War II field army of the Wehrmacht.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
The 12th Army was activated on October 13, 1939, with General Wilhelm List in command. First seeing defensive action along the Siegfried Line, the army was involved in the invasion and occupation of France. The army was then relocated to Romania as part of the Axis offensive in the Balkans.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
In February 1941, an agreement between Field Marshal List and the Bulgarian General Staff allowed the passage of German troops. On the night of February 28, German Army units crossed the Danube from Romania and took up strategic positions in Bulgaria.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
On 6 April, units of the 12th army advanced into Yugoslavia and Greece. The Yugoslavians crumbled first. But, after six months of fighting the Italians, the Greeks could not stand up to the 12th Army's fifteen divisions, four of which were armored.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
The British subsequently rushed four divisions from Libya to aid the Greeks but they, like the Greeks, were overwhelmed by the German panzers and by Luftwaffe strikes. The northern Greek armies surrendered to the Germans on April 23. Four days later German tanks entered Athens and hoisted the swastika over the Acropolis.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
The 12th Army became Army Group E (Heeresgruppe E) on January 1, 1943.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
The 12th Army was reconstituted on the Western Front near the Elbe River on April 10, 1945. Under General Walther Wenck, the 12th Army made the last attempt by a German Army to relieve German Führer Adolf Hitler in the besieged German capital during the Battle of Berlin. Although it successfully reached Potsdam, the 12th Army was stopped by numerically superior Soviet Red Army forces and forced to abandon the effort to relieve Berlin.


12th Army (Wehrmacht), History
The 12th Army then linked up with the remnants of General Theodor Busse's decimated 9th Army south of Beelitz and, in the confusion of the Soviet breakthrough, provided a corridor to the west for soldiers and refugees alike to reach and cross the partially destroyed Elbe River bridge at Tangermünde and surrender to American forces between May 4 and May 7, 1945.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)
The 12th Army Aviation Brigade is an army aviation formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. The brigade is directly subordinated to the Ukrainian Ground Forces command.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)
The brigade was formed as 340th Separate Combat-Transport Helicopter Breslavlsk Regiment. From August 21, 1968 to June 1991 the Regiment was stationed in Czechoslovakia. After 1992 the Regiment was redesignated to be 7th Separate Breslavlsk Army Aviation Regiment. In 2016 it became the 12th Army Aviation Brigade.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine), History
The brigade was first formed in April 1943 as the 340th Long-Range Aviation Regiment. On 26 December 1944 it became a bomber aviation regiment. On 27 April 1946 it became a transport aviation regiment. On 12 October 1955 it became a military-transport aviation regiment. It was converted to a separate helicopter regiment on 17 November 1959.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine), History
The regiment's honorific "Breslau (Breslavlsk)" was removed on 18 November 2015 as part of an Armed Forces-wide removal of Soviet awards and honorifics.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine), Deployments
Since November 2007, 300 members of the Regiment are deployed to Liberia, supporting the United Nations Mission in Liberia, as part of the 56th Separate Helicopter Unit.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine), Structure
During the 1970s the Regiment included 4 Squadron's with a total of 55-60 helicopters.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine), Structure
In 2004 the Brigade consisted of 2 Squadron's flying Mi-24, Mi-26 and Mi-8 helicopters.


12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine), Structure
2nd Squadron is intended to carry out missions under UN and NATO command.


12th Army Corps (France)
12th Army Corps (French: 12e Corps d'Armée) was an army corps in the French Army. Commanded by Général Lebrun in the Franco-Prussian War then by General Galliffet from 1882 to 1886.


12th Army Corps (France), World War I
On the outbreak of the First World War it was subordinated to Fourth Army.


12th Army Corps (France), World War I
It became part of the Tenth Army and was deployed in Italy from November 1917. It was later in action at the Second Battle of the Piave River and the Battle of Vittorio Veneto.


12th Army Corps (Russian Empire)
The 12th Army Corps was an Army corps in the Imperial Russian Army.


12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards
The 12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards were held on 29 November 2018 in Brisbane, Australia.


12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards, Winners and nominees
Dan Kleinman and Sameh Zoabi – Tel Aviv on Fire


12th Asian Film Awards
The 12th Asian Film Awards are the 2018 edition of the Asian Film Awards. The ceremony was held on March 17, 2018 at the Venetian Hotel in Macau.


12th Asianet Film Awards
The 12th Asianet Film Awards, honors the best films in 2009 and was held on 16 January 2010 at Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram. The winners were announced on 3 January 2010 by Asianet senior vice-president R. Sreekantan Nair. The title sponsor of the event was Ujala. The award were given in 25 categories.


12th BRICS summit
The 2020 BRICS summit was the twelfth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The meeting was originally scheduled to take place in Saint Petersburg from July 21 to 23, 2020, but was changed to a video conference held on November 17 due to the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic.


12th BRICS summit
Russia last chaired 7th BRICS summit, Ufa. The 1st Sherpa meeting was held in Saint Petersburg between 11-13 February 2020, under chairmanship of Sergei Ryabkov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and Russian Sherpa for BRICS.


12th Bangladesh National Film Awards
The 12th Bangladesh National Film Awards, presented by Ministry of Information, Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi Cinema released in the year 1987. The ceremony took place in Dhaka and awards were given by then President of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. 1987 was the 12th National Film Awards.


12th Bangladesh National Film Awards, List of winners
This year awards were given in 17 categories. Awards for Best Lyricist was not given in 1987.


12th Battalion (Australia)
The 12th Battalion was an infantry battalion originally raised for the First Australian Imperial Force during the First World War. The battalion was recruited from Tasmania, South Australia  and Western Australia and formed part of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division. It served throughout the war, firstly during the Gallipoli Campaign and then on the Western Front. During the interwar years, the 12th Battalion was re-raised as a part-time military unit and during the Second World War undertook garrison duties in Australia, but did not see combat. Today its lineage is perpetuated by the 12th/40th Battalion, Royal Tasmania Regiment, a unit which continues to serve in the Australian Army Reserve.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
The battalion was raised as part of the all volunteer Australian Imperial Force (AIF) within three weeks of the declaration of war in August 1914, and left Australia just two months later. Part of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division it was formed from recruits from Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Lancelot Clarke, the battalion proceeded to Egypt on HMAT A2 Geelong, arriving on 2 December.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
A period of training in the desert followed to prepare the Australian forces for their eventual transfer to Europe, but in late April they were committed to the Gallipoli Campaign. The 3rd Brigade was the covering force for the Anzac landing on 25 April 1915, and went ashore at around 4.30 am. During the early fighting on the first, the battalion's commanding officer was killed by a sniper.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
After the initial landing, a stalemate developed around the beachhead and in August the Allies sought to break the deadlock by launching the August Offensive. As a part of this, the 12th contributed two companies to the diversionary attack on Lone Pine. The offensive failed, but the campaign continued and the battalion remained served on the Gallipoli Peninsula until early December when it was withdrawn to Lemnos Island for rest. While there, Lieutenant Colonel John Gellibrand took command of the battalion.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
In late December, the Allied forces were evacuated from Gallipoli and the battalion returned to Egypt in January 1916, where the AIF was reorganised and expanded. During this process, the 12th Battalion provided an experienced cadre of troops to the newly raised 52nd Battalion. In March 1916, the AIF's infantry divisions were transferred to the Western Front, and after arriving in France, the 12th Battalion deployed to the Somme. The battalion's first major action in France was at Pozières in July 1916. Later the battalion fought at Ypres, in Belgium, before returning to the Somme in winter. In 1917, the battalion returned to Belgium to take part the Third Battle of Ypres.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, First World War
In 1918, the battalion helped to stop the German Spring Offensive that was launched in March and April. The battalion subsequently participated in the last Allied offensive of 1918, launched near Amiens on 8 August 1918. After Amiens, a series of advances followed as the Allies broke through the Hindenburg Line. The battalion continued operations until late September 1918 when it was withdrawn from the line for rest. Following the end of the war members of the battalion began returning to Australia in November for demobilisation and discharge. The 12th Battalion was disbanded in 1919 having sustained casualties of 1,135 killed and 2,422 wounded. Two members of the battalion received the Victoria Cross for their actions during the war: James Newland and John Whittle.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, Inter war years and subsequent service
In 1921, the battalion was re-raised as part the re-organisation of the Australian military that took place at that time. Upon re-forming, the battalion formed part of the 12th Brigade, which was formed within the 6th Military District headquartered in Tasmania. In 1927, it received the title "The Launceston Regiment". The battalion was subsequently amalgamated with the 50th Battalion as the "12th/50th Battalion (The Launceston Regiment/The Tasmanian Rangers)" on 1 December 1936. During the Second World War, the two battalions remained linked, serving as part of York Force and undertaking garrison duties in the Northern Territory. On 2 May 1945 the 12th/50th Battalion was amalgamated with the 40th Battalion ("The Derwent Regiment") and became the 12th/40th Battalion. The battalion was disbanded in 1946, having not seen combat during the war.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, Inter war years and subsequent service
Reformed in 1948 as part of the Citizens Military Force, the 12/40th Battalion was unlinked in 1953 with both battalions being reformed in their own right at that time. In 1961, the 12th Battalion was awarded the Second World War battle honours of the 2/12th Battalion (AIF). The battalion was granted the freedom of the City of Launceston in May 1960. In the early 1960s, the Australian Army adopted the Pentropic divisional establishment, which resulted in the regionally-based regiments being subsumed into larger State-based regiments.


12th Battalion (Australia), History, Inter war years and subsequent service
As a result, the 12th Battalion formed 'A' Company within the Pentropically-organised 1st Battalion, The Royal Tasmania Regiment (1 RTR). In 1972, 1 RTR was split up and the 12th and 40th Battalions reformed, but this was only short lived as both formations were reduced to independent rifle companies in 1975. The 12th and 40th Independent Rifle Companies were amalgamated in 1987 as part of a reorganisation of Australia's reserve infantry force, forming the 12th/40th Battalion, Royal Tasmania Regiment, a unit which continues to serve in the Australian Army Reserve.


12th Battalion, CEF
The 12th Battalion, CEF was an infantry battalion of the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force. It was authorized on 10 August 1914 and embarked for Britain on 30 September 1914, where it was redesignated the 12th Reserve Infantry Battalion, CEF on 29 April 1915, to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was reduced during the summer of 1916 and ultimately dissolved. Its residual strength was absorbed on 4 January 1917 into a new 12th Reserve Battalion, upon re-organization of the reserve units of the Canadian Infantry. The battalion was officially disbanded on 30 August 1920.


12th Battalion, CEF
The 12th Battalion formed part of the Canadian Training Depot at Tidworth Camp.


12th Battalion, CEF
The 12th Battalion, CEF, had two Officers Commanding and two acting Officers Commanding:


12th Battalion, CEF
The 12th Battalion was awarded the battle honour "THE GREAT WAR 1914-17".


12th Battalion, CEF
The 12th Battalion, CEF, is perpetuated by The Royal New Brunswick Regiment and The Royal Rifles of Canada, the latter currently on the Supplementary Order of Battle.


12th Beijing College Student Film Festival
The 12th Beijing College Student Film Festival (simplified Chinese: 第十二届北京大学生电影节; traditional Chinese: 第十二屆北京大學生電影節) took place in Beijing, China in May 2005. Kekexili: Mountain Patrol was the biggest winner, receiving two awards, including Best Director and Grand Prix Award. Xia Yu won Best Actor for his performance in Waiting Alone, and Zhang Jingchu for her role in Huayao Bride In Shangri-la. Golden Rooster-winner Lu Chuan's Kekexili: Mountain Patrol won Best Director Award, and A Story of Dun Zi was declared Best Film Award.


12th Belarusian Supreme Council
The Supreme Council (Soviet) of the Republic of Belarus of the 12th convocation is the Belarusian parliament, which was elected in 1990 as the Supreme Council of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic of the 12th convocation. It became a national parliament of Belarus after the proclamation of independence. The Supreme Council adopted the Declaration of Independence of Belarus on July 27, 1990. It is widely regarded as the final democratically-elected Parliament of Belarus.


12th Belarusian Supreme Council
The first round of voting to the Supreme Council was held on March 4, 1990. Following the elections, 360 deputies were elected to the parliament. For the first time the opposition took place in Parliament. As a result, the Belarusian Popular Front opposition faction with 26 deputies was formed. The total number of deputies was 328 people.


12th Belarusian Supreme Council
The successor of the Supreme Soviet of the 12th convocation was the newly elected Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus of the 13th convocation, which began its work January 9, 1996.


12th Berlin International Film Festival
The 12th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 22 June – 3 July 1962. The Golden Bear was awarded to the British film A Kind of Loving directed by John Schlesinger.


12th Berlin International Film Festival, Jury
The following people were announced as being on the jury for the festival:


12th Berlin International Film Festival, Films in competition
The following films were in competition for the Golden Bear award:


12th Bersaglieri Regiment
The 12th Bersaglieri Regiment (Italian: 12° Reggimento Bersaglieri) is an inactive unit of the Italian Army last based in Trapani in Sicily. The regiment is part of the army's infantry corps' Bersaglieri speciality and was last operationally assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Aosta".


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History
The Regiment was raised on 16 September 1884 in Verona with the existing XXI, XXIII and XXXVI battalions. The XXIII Battalion had distinguished itself during the Third Italian War of Independence at Castel di Borgo in Borgo Valsugana earning a Silver Medal of Military Valour, which the battalion transferred to the newly raised regiment. The regiment participated in the First Italo-Ethiopian War and the Italo-Turkish War.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, World War I
At the outbreak of World War I the regiment was garrisoned in Milan and sent to the front along the Isonzo, where the regiment earned its second Silver Medal of Military Valour and a Bronze Medal of Military Valour. On 31 January 1917 the regiment's depot in Milan raised the 18th Bersaglieri Regiment.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, World War I
After the war the 12th Bersaglieri Regiment was disbanded, but it was raised again in 1923 with two cyclist battalions, which were exchanged on 11 March 1926 with the XXI and XXIII Bersaglieri battalions. At the outbreak of World War II the regiment consisted of the XXI Motorcyclists Battalion, the XXIII Auto-transported Battalion, the XXXVI Auto-transported Battalion.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, World War II
In spring 1941 the regiment participated in the Invasion of Yugoslavia. In early 1942 the regiment was sent to Libya to join the 133rd Armored Division "Littorio" for the Western Desert campaign. The regiment entered the line on 20 June 1942 at the end of the Battle of Gazala and was heavily engaged six days later at the Battle of Mersa Matruh. Reduced to a strength of 1,000 men the regiment fought in the Second Battle of El Alamein. Forced to retreat the remnants of the regiment reached Tripoli on 12 November 1942, where on 8 December 1942 the 12th Bersaglieri Regiment was disbanded and the survivors integrated in the 7th Bersaglieri Regiment.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, Cold War
On 24 May 1961 the XXIII Bersaglieri Battalion was raised again as mechanized infantry unit of the 182nd Armored Infantry Regiment "Garibaldi". On 1 March 1964 the 32nd Tank Regiment was raised again and the XXIII Bersaglieri Battalion became its mechanized infantry battalion.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, Cold War, 23rd Bersaglieri Battalion "Castel di Borgo"
During the 1975 Italian Army reform the 32nd Tank Regiment was disbanded on 1 October 1975 and the XXIII Bersaglieri Battalion was renamed 23rd Bersaglieri Battalion "Castel di Borgo" and received the war flag and traditions of the 12th Bersaglieri Regiment. The battalion was based in Tauriano and part of the 32nd Armored Brigade "Mameli". Bersaglieri battalions created during the reform were named, with two exceptions, for battles in which Bersaglieri units had distinguished themselves: the 23rd Bersaglieri Battalion was named for its conduct at Castel di Borgo during the Third Italian War of Independence.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, Cold War, 23rd Bersaglieri Battalion "Castel di Borgo"
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Silver Medal of Army Valour, which was affixed to the battalion's war flag and added to the battalion's coat of arms.


12th Bersaglieri Regiment, History, Recent times
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to draw down its forces and the Mameli was the first brigade to be disbanded. On 1 April 1991 the brigade was officially deactivated and the 23rd Bersaglieri Battalion was transferred to the 132nd Armored Brigade "Ariete". On 31 March 1992 the Castel di Borgo was transferred to Trapani in Sicily, where the battalion joined the Mechanized Brigade "Aosta". On 2 September 1992 the battalion was renamed 12th Bersaglieri Regiment without changing size or composition. On 15 April 2005 the regiment was renamed 6th Bersaglieri Regiment and its battalion renamed 6th Bersaglieri Battalion "Palestro". Afterwards the war flag of the 12th Bersaglieri Regiment was transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome.


12th Brigade (Australia)
The 12th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Australian Army. Formed in 1912 as a Militia formation, it was later re-raised in 1916 as part of the all volunteer First Australian Imperial Force that was raised for overseas service during the First World War. The brigade was part of the 4th Division and fought on the Western Front until the end of the war in November 1918. During the inter-war years, the brigade was re-formed in Australia as a part-time unit; during the Second World War, it was mobilised for full-time service, but did not serve overseas, undertaking garrison duties in Australia until 1945 when it was used to raise Timor Force.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
The 12th Brigade traces its origins to 1912, when it was formed as a Militia brigade as part of the introduction of the compulsory training scheme, assigned to the 3rd Military District. At this time, the brigade's constituent units were located at various locations throughout Victoria, including Oakleigh, Sale, Caulfield, Balaclava, Brighton, Toorak, Armadale, Auburn and Camberwell.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
During World War I, the 12th Brigade was re-raised in early 1916 as part of the expansion of the all volunteer First Australian Imperial Force. The brigade was formed in Egypt from a cadre of experienced personnel who had served during the Gallipoli Campaign as part of the 4th Brigade. Attached to the 4th Division and consisting of four infantry battalions—the 45th, 46th, 47th and 48th Battalions—it served in the trenches of the Western Front from June 1916 onwards.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
During this time, the brigade fought in several significant battles including the Battle of Pozières, the First Battle of Bullecourt, the Battle of Messines, the Battle of Passchendaele, and the German spring offensive. During the German spring offensive, the brigade fought a defensive action around Dernancourt. In May 1918, the brigade was one of three that was selected to disband one of its battalions in order to provide reinforcements to other units in the Australian Corps and it was at this time that the 47th Battalion was disbanded. The 12th Brigade's remaining battalions continued to fight after this, taking part in the final Allied offensive of the war, the Hundred Days Offensive, which was launched around Amiens in August and followed by a series of advances as the Allies broke through the Hindenburg Line.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
Following the end of hostilities, the brigade was disbanded in early 1919 as part of the demobilisation of the AIF. In 1921, the Australian government decided to reorganise the nation's part-time military forces in order to replicate the numerical designations and structure of the AIF. As a result, the 12th Brigade was re-raised at this time as part of the 6th Military District in Tasmania as a unit of the Citizens Force. Headquartered Hobart, the brigade consisted of the 12th, 40th, 51st, and 52nd Infantry Battalions, and the 22nd Light Horse Regiment.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
In 1924, the 12th Brigade was reorganised as the 12th Mixed Brigade, consisting of several infantry, artillery, engineer and light horse units. However, by 1928, the brigade consisted of only two infantry battalions: the 12th and 40th. Initially, the Citizens Forces units were maintained by a mixture of voluntary and compulsory service, but in 1929, the compulsory training scheme was suspended and the Citizens Force was re-formed as the "Militia", staffed on an all volunteer basis.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
Upon the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the brigade was stationed in Tasmania, where it served in a garrison role. At this time it consisted of two infantry battalions, an artillery regiment, an engineer field company and a light horse regiment. The brigade was mobilised for full time defensive service in December 1941, and was initially assigned to the defence of Hobart. By early 1943, the threat of invasion in the area had passed and the brigade was transferred to Yorkforce around Townsville, Queensland.


12th Brigade (Australia), History
The brigade was assigned to the 4th Division between April and June 1943, and then assigned to the Northern Territory Force, where it replaced the 23rd Brigade and served in a defensive capacity around Darwin. During this time the brigade's establishment was reduced from four battalions to three; however, the brigade's establishment changed a number of times. The following units were attached to the brigade at various times during the war: 22nd Light Horse, 40th Battalion, 12th/50th Battalion, 22nd Motor Regiment, 36th Battalion, 55th/53rd Battalion, 38th Battalion, 10th/48th Battalion, 12th/40th Battalion. As the war progressed, the size of the Darwin garrison was greatly reduced as other formations were disbanded or transferred to take part in combat operations in the Pacific. At war's end in August 1945, the 12th Brigade was used to form Timor Force, accepting the Japanese surrender.


12th Brigade (Japan)
The 12th Brigade (Air Assault) (Japanese: 第12旅団) is one of six active brigades of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The brigade is subordinated to the Eastern Army and is headquartered in Shintō, Gunma. Its responsibility is the defense of Gunma, Nagano, Niigata and Tochigi prefectures.


12th Brigade (Japan)
The brigade was formed on 13 March 2001 with units from the disbanded 12th Infantry Division.


12th British Academy Film Awards
The 12th British Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1959, honoured the best films of 1958.


12th British Academy Games Awards
The 12th British Academy Game Awards awarded by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, is an award ceremony that was held on 7 April 2016 at Tobacco Dock in London. The ceremony honoured achievement in video gaming in 2015 and was hosted by Dara Ó Briain.


12th British Academy Games Awards, Winners and nominees
The nominees for the 12th British Academy Games Awards were announced on 10 March 2016.


12th British Academy Games Awards, Winners and nominees
The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on 7 April 2016.


12th CPLP Summit
The VII Conference of Heads of State and Government of the CPLP (Portuguese: Conferência de Chefes de Estado e de Governo da CPLP), commonly known as the 7th CPLP Summit (VII Cimeira da CPLP) was the 7th biennial meeting of heads of state and heads of government of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, held on the Ilha do Sal, in Cabo Verde, on 17–18 July 2018.


12th CPLP Summit, Outcome
The summit elected Ambassador Francisco Ribeiro Telles of Portugal to serve as CPLP Executive Secretary.


12th Cabinet of North Korea
The 12th Cabinet of North Korea was elected by the 1st Session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly on 9 April 2009. It was replaced on 9 April 2014 by the 13th Cabinet.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards
The 12th Canadian Comedy Awards, presented by the Canadian Comedy Foundation for Excellence (CCFE), honoured the best live, television, film, and Internet comedy of 2010. The ceremony was hosted by Steve Patterson and held at the Isabel Bader Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, on 17 October 2011.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards
Canadian Comedy Awards, also known as Beavers, were awarded in 24 categories. Winners in 5 categories were chosen by the public through an online poll and others were chosen by members of industry organizations. The awards ceremony was held during the five-day Canadian Comedy Awards Festival which ran from 13 to 17 October.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards
The film Peepers led with five nominations followed by the films Good Neighbours and Summerhood with four each. The CBC show The Debaters, which moved from radio to television, was nominated twice for audio and twice for television. Good Neighbours and Summerhood each won two Beavers, as did the TV series Less Than Kind, and Ron Pederson won twice for his improvisation work with National Theatre of the World. Samantha Bee won the Beaver for Canadian Comedy Person of the Year.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards, Festival and ceremony
The Canadian Comedy Awards (CCA) was held in Toronto, Ontario, for a fifth non-consecutive year. The awards ceremony was hosted by Steve Patterson and held on 17 October 2011 at the Isabel Bader Theatre, concluding the Canadian Comedy Awards Festival. The five-day festival, held from 13 to 17 October, featured live comedy performances by nominees at five Toronto venues including Yuk Yuk's, Second City, and Comedy Bar. Shaun Majumder hosted a showcase performance of the top stand-up acts at the Panasonic Theatre. The festival also included workshops by leading comedy professionals.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards, Festival and ceremony
The CCA's parent organization, the Canadian Comedy Foundation for Excellence (CCFE), had partnered with Canada's Walk of Fame to produce an evening of Canadian comedy as part of the three-day Walk of Fame Festival. Federal grant money went toward producing the event, which in turn had helped support and promote the CCA festival.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards, Winners and nominees
Nominees submitted to the Canadian Comedy Awards were considered by 170 jury members. The jury reduced the list of submissions to a top-five in each category which was announced on 9 June 2011 at Toronto's Second City theatre. Online voting was held from 15 June to 5 July. Six to seven thousand members of the public viewed brief performance clips on the website and voted for best TV show, best film, best web clip, best radio program or clip, and comedy person of the year. The other categories were voted on by industry members from the Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists (ACTRA), Canadian Actors' Equity Association, the Directors Guild of Canada, the Writers Guild of Canada, and the Comedy Association. The jury's choices counted for 30% of the total marks.


12th Canadian Comedy Awards, Winners and nominees
Gigcity noted that Edmonton was well-represented at this year's CCAs, with three nominations to locally-produced Caution: May Contain Nuts, two nominees each for best male improvisor and for best improv troupe, and a nominee for best radio show. This was credited to the city's strong improv scene.


12th Canadian Film Awards
The 12th Canadian Film Awards were held on June 3, 1960 to honour achievements in Canadian film. The ceremony was hosted by Albert Trueman, the director of the Canada Council.


12th Canadian Folk Music Awards
The 12th Canadian Folk Music Awards were presented in Toronto, Ontario on December 3, 2016.


12th Canadian Ministry
The Twelfth Canadian Ministry was the first cabinet chaired by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. It governed Canada from 29 December 1921 to 28 June 1926, including the 14th Canadian Parliament and most of the 15th. The government was formed by the Liberal Party of Canada. Mackenzie King was also Prime Minister in the Fourteenth and Sixteenth Canadian Ministries.


12th Canadian Parliament
The 12th Canadian Parliament was in session from 15 November 1911 until 6 October 1917. The membership was set by the 1911 federal election on 21 September 1911, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1917 election. At 5 years, 10 months and 22 days, it was the longest parliament in Canadian history. The parliament was extended beyond the normal limit of five years by the British North America Act, 1916 as a result of World War I.


12th Canadian Parliament
It was controlled by a Conservative/Liberal-Conservative majority under Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden and the 9th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by Wilfrid Laurier. The last year of the wartime parliament was dominated by the Conscription Crisis of 1917. At the end of the parliament, a new ministry, the Union Government, was formed by Borden as a wartime coalition government including Liberals. Laurier refused to join and those Liberals who supported Borden took the name Liberal Unionists. The Union Government went on to win the 1917 federal election.


12th Canadian Parliament
The Speaker was first Thomas Simpson Sproule, and later Albert Sévigny. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1907-1914 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.


12th Canadian Parliament, List of members
Following is a full list of members of the twelfth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district.


12th Canadian Parliament, List of members
Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
The 12th Cavalry (Frontier Force) is an armoured regiment of Pakistan Army. It was formed in the British Indian army in 1922 by the amalgamation of 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force) and 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force).


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force)
The 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force) was raised in 1849 at Lahore by Lieutenant Samuel J. Browne as the 2nd Punjab Irregular Cavalry. It was one of five regiments of Punjab Cavalry raised to guard the North West Frontier of India, soon part of the Punjab Frontier Force or the "Piffers". Over the next decades, the regiment saw extensive service on the Frontier. During the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the regiment was engaged in the Siege of Delhi, Relief of Lucknow, the Battle of Agra and the Campaign in Rohilkhand. In one of the actions, their commandant, Captain Sam Browne was awarded the Victoria Cross. His citation reads:


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force)
It was the loss of his arm that caused Browne to invent the famous Sam Browne belt, still in the use of many of today's armies. The original belt is on display in the India Room at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force)
Meanwhile, Captain Dighton Probyn was also awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry, while serving with the 2nd Punjab Cavalry. His citation reads:


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force)
During the Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1878–80, the 2nd Punjab Cavalry was with the Kandahar Field Force, and fought at the Battle of Ahmed Khel in April 1880. During the First World War, the regiment served in the Mesopotamia Campaign.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
The 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force) was raised by Captain Robert Fitzgerald as the 5th Punjab Irregular Cavalry at Multan in 1849, with Risaldar Gurmukh Singh Dhillon of Bahmaniwala village,  Patti Sub Division of Amritsar district of the Punjab, as the first native Commandant of 5th Punjab Irregular Cavalry. The troops of the Sikh Squadron were mostly taken from the disbanded Khalsa Army which was recently defeated by the British in the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848. During the Indian Mutiny they were part of the besieging army at Delhi and took part in the Relief of Lucknow.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
The troops of 5th Punjab Irregular Cavalry were now avenging themselves on the mutinous Bengal Army for the defeat of the Khalsa's Sikh Army in the Anglo Sikh Wars. One squadron fought at Bareilly, where two of its Indian officers won the Order of British India and nine other ranks received the Indian Order of Merit. The regiment was involved in a number of small actions on the North West Frontier with the Punjab Frontier Force.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
In March 1860, 150 men under an Indian officer attacked a 3,000 strong armed force of Mahsuds and Waziris at Tank, killing 300 and dispersing the others. In January 1867, an Indian officer with 27 sowars charged a body of 1,000 tribesmen, killed 150 and captured most of the rest. During the Second Afghan War, the 5th Punjab Cavalry were present at the capture of Charasiah and Frederick Roberts the Commanding General ordered that they and the 9th Lancers should have the honour of escorting him into Kabul.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
During the attack on the Asmai Heights in December 1879, near Kabul, Captain William John Vousden made repeated charges with a small body of men of the 5th Punjab Cavalry, passing through the ranks of an overwhelming force again and again until the enemy fled. Vousden received a Victoria Cross and his ten surviving men the Indian Order of Merit.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
For their excellent record in the Indian Mutiny and the Second Afghan War, the 5th Punjab Cavalry was among the units honoured during the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria's celebrations in London in June and July 1897. Risaldar-Major Kesar Singh Dhillon of Bahmaniwala Dhillons represented the 5th Punjab Cavalry as part of Indian Native Cavalry. For the acts of valour during the Indian Mutiny and during the Second Afghan War, the troops of 5th Punjab Cavalry were awarded grants of agricultural land in Lyallpur District in 1904. Most of the Sikh troops of Kanhayia Misl shifted from Amritsar District to Lyallpur on being granted lands there. During the First World War, it served in German East Africa, followed by service in the Third Afghan War of 1919.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
After the First World War, the number of Indian cavalry regiments was reduced from thirty-nine to twenty-one. However, instead of disbanding the surplus units, it was decided to amalgamate them in pairs. This resulted in renumbering and renaming of the entire cavalry line. The 22nd Sam Browne's Cavalry (Frontier Force) and 25th Cavalry (Frontier Force) were amalgamated in 1921 to form 12th Cavalry. The uniform of 12th Cavalry was scarlet with blue facings. The badge showed a mounted figure within a circle carrying the title 'Sam Browne's Cavalry XII FF' with a crown above. Its class composition was one squadron each of Punjabi Muslims, Sikhs and Dogras. In 1937, 12th Cavalry became the training regiment of 2nd Indian Cavalry Group at Ferozepur. It was converted into a training centre in 1940 by amalgamating it with 15th Lancers.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
On the partition of India in 1947, this training centre was transferred to Pakistan. On 15 January 1955, 12th Cavalry (Frontier Force) was re-raised at Rawalpindi as a Reconnaissance Regiment of Pakistan Armoured Corps. The regiment served with distinction during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani Wars. During the 1965 War, the regiment fought in four different sectors simultaneously when all four squadrons of the regiment operated independently at Chawinda, Bedian, Khemkaran and Sialkot. Lt.Col Muhammad Asaf Hussain Khan was awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat for outstanding gallantry in the Khemkaran sector during the 1965 war.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
Captains Ahmed Arsalan Asaf and Nadeem Ahmad Raja were the Siachin Warriors of 12th Cavalary, Asaf participating in Operation Naveed Top during the Siachen conflict in April 1989.


12th Cavalry (Frontier Force), 12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
Captain Mearaj Muhammad of the 12th Cavalary was killed on 4 June 2009 while fighting with Taliban militants in Buner District. He was awarded the Sitara-e-Basalat by the Government of Pakistan for his bravery and sacrifice.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
The North Midland Mounted Brigade (later numbered as the 22nd Mounted Brigade) was a yeomanry brigade of the British Army, formed as part of the Territorial Force in 1908.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
It served in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
In April 1918, it was merged with elements of the 2nd (Sialkot) Cavalry Brigade to form 12th Cavalry Brigade. It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), Formation
Under the terms of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9), the brigade was formed in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force. It consisted of three yeomanry regiments, a horse artillery battery and ammunition column, a transport and supply column and a field ambulance.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), Formation
As the name suggests, the units were drawn from the northern part of the English Midlands, predominantly Leicestershire, Lincolnshire and Staffordshire.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, North Midland Mounted Brigade
The brigade was embodied on 4 August 1914 and assigned to Third Army of the Central Force. It moved to Norfolk and joined 1st Mounted Division in September 1914 replacing the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Mounted Brigade. It remained with 1st Mounted Division until October 1915 when it departed (as a mounted formation) for the Mediterranean.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, North Midland Mounted Brigade
The Leicestershire Yeomanry left the brigade in late October 1914 and was posted to the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), joining the 7th Cavalry Brigade. It was initially replaced by the Welsh Horse Yeomanry before it transferred to the Eastern Mounted Brigade in February 1915. In May 1915, the East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry joined to bring the brigade back up to a three regiment strength.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, North Midland Mounted Brigade
The brigade was replaced in 1st Mounted Division by its 2nd Line. On 27 October 1915, the brigade departed Southampton on RMS Victorian, Mercian and Nessian for Salonika. The destination was changed at sea, and the brigade disembarked at Alexandria between 10 and 20 November 1915, then moved to Cairo. On arrival in Egypt, the North Midland Mounted Brigade was assigned to the Western Frontier Force.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 22nd Mounted Brigade
On 31 March 1916, the remaining Mounted Brigades were numbered in a single sequence. As a consequence, the North Midland Mounted Brigade was redesignated as 22nd Mounted Brigade. The 18th Machine Gun Squadron was formed on 8 January 1917.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 22nd Mounted Brigade
The brigade joined the ANZAC Mounted Division in February 1917 and took part in the First and Second Battles of Gaza.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 22nd Mounted Brigade
The complete brigade was transferred to the newly formed Yeomanry Mounted Division on 6 July 1917, joining it at el Fuqari. From 31 October it took part in the Third Battle of Gaza, including the Battle of Beersheba and the Capture of the Sheria Position. It took part in the Battle of Mughar Ridge on 13 and 14 November and the Battle of Nebi Samwil from 17 to 24 November. From 27 to 29 November, it withstood the Turkish counter-attacks during the Capture of Jerusalem.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 12th Cavalry Brigade
In March 1918, the 1st Indian Cavalry Division was broken up in France. The British units (notably 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons, 17th Lancers, 1/1st Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons and A, Q and U Batteries RHA) remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 12th Cavalry Brigade
By an Egyptian Expeditionary Force GHQ Order of 12 April 1918, the mounted troops of the EEF were reorganised when the Indian Army units arrived in theatre. On 24 April 1918, the Yeomanry Mounted Division was indianized and its title was changed to 1st Mounted Division, the third distinct division to bear this title.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 12th Cavalry Brigade
On 24 April 1918, the 22nd Mounted Brigade was merged with elements of the 2nd (Sialkot) Cavalry Brigade:


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 12th Cavalry Brigade
On 22 July 1918, the 1st Mounted Division was renumbered as the 4th Cavalry Division and the brigade as 12th Cavalry Brigade. The sub units (Signal Troop, Combined Cavalry Field Ambulance and Mobile Veterinary Section) were renumbered on the same date.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 12th Cavalry Brigade
The brigade remained with 4th Cavalry Division for the rest of the war, taking part in the Battle of Megiddo and the Capture of Damascus.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), First World War, 12th Cavalry Brigade
After the Armistice of Mudros, the brigade remained with 4th Cavalry Division in Palestine as part of the occupation forces. However, demobilization began immediately and by May 1919 most of the British units had been repatriated. The division was finally broken up in 1921.


12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army), Commanders
The North Midland Mounted Brigade / 22nd Mounted Brigade / 12th Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders:


12th Cavalry Division (Russian Empire)
The 12th Cavalry Division (Russian: 12-я кавалерийская дивизия, 12-ya Kavaleriiskaya Diviziya) was a cavalry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.


12th Cavalry Regiment
The 12th Cavalry is a cavalry regiment of the United States Army.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History
On 2 February 1901, Congress authorized the organization of the Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, Army of the United States. Under this authority, the regiment was formed at Fort Sam Houston, Texas on 8 February 1901.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History
From 1901 until 1911, the regiment served posts in Texas, Georgia, and the Philippines.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History
During World War II the 12th Cavalry served as an infantry regiment within the 1st Cavalry Division.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History
The regiment was deactivated prior to the 1st Cavalry Division's service in the Korean War, but its lineage was resurrected in with the creation in 1957 of the Combat Arms Regimental System, in which the battalions listed below were created.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History
During the Cold War 3rd Squadron 12th Cavalry was assigned to the 3rd Armored Division in Germany as the divisional cavalry squadron. The 4th Squadron 12th Cavalry was assigned to the 5th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at Fort Carson, CO, in the 1960s and at Fort Polk, LA. A Troop of the 4th Squadron served in Vietnam with the 1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division in Vietnam from 1968 to 1971.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History
After Operation Iraqi Freedom II, the 12th Cavalry Regiment underwent a major transition as elements from 2/7CAV, 1/9CAV, and 3/8CAV were reflagged and combined with the regiment to create the battalions currently in service. The 2nd Battalion, Twelfth Cavalry Regiment, as well as 2/7CAV and 1/9CAV moved to the 4th Brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division. 4th "Long Knife" Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division cased its colors in an inactivation ceremony Thursday, 17 Oct. 2013, at Fort Hood's Cooper Field. The 1st Battalion, Twelfth Cavalry Regiment, 2/7CAV, and 3/8CAV now operate at Fort Hood, Texas, and are now with the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The regiment returned to Texas to conduct border patrol duty in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. There the 1st Squadron engaged small detachments of raiding bandits until 22 February 1916.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The 1st Squadron then reported for duty to Corozal in the Panama Canal Zone. The squadron remained in Corozal until 1921 when the regiment was reorganized during the drawdown following the First World War.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
On 3 January 1933 the Twelfth Cavalry was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division and participated in division maneuvers. The unit was reorganized as an infantry regiment in preparation for overseas service.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The Twelfth Cavalry arrived in Australia on 26 July 1943 and began six months of jungle and amphibious training. The Regiment's first assault in the Pacific War came on 29 February 1944 when her soldiers assaulted the Los Negros Islands in the Admiralty Islands, north of New Guinea. The Twelfth Cavalry was assigned to the Leyte-Samar Campaign and helped liberate those islands from Japanese control in spite of stubborn resistance. Continuing the attack onto the island of Luzon, Regimental history was highlighted on 3 February 1945 when a flying column of Cavalrymen cut a 100-mile path through enemy-held territory to be the "First in Manila".


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
After World War II, the Twelfth Cavalry settled in for occupation duty in Japan and was inactivated on 29 March 1949. The Twelfth Cavalry was reactivated on 15 February 1957 as part of the 1st Armored Division at Fort Polk, Louisiana. The 1st Squadron was designated "1st Reconnaissance Squadron."


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The Twelfth was again inactivated on 3 February 1962. On 1 September 1963 the squadron was redesignated the First Battalion and reactivated and assigned to the First Cavalry Division in Korea. In June 1965, the battalion's colors were returned to Fort Benning, Georgia and assigned to a battalion of the 11th Air Assault Division (Test), in preparation for duty in the Republic of Vietnam.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
During the Vietnam War units of the battalion participated in 12 campaigns and earned three Presidential Unit Citations and three Valorous Unit Awards for actions against the Viet Cong and the People's Army of Vietnam. In June 1972 the battalion returned from Vietnam to its new home at Fort Hood, Texas where it was organized as an M113A1 equipped mechanized infantry battalion, a maneuver battalion of the 1st Brigade of the Army's 1st Cavalry Division (TRICAP).


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
Significant during the battalion's TRICAP period in 1972, it participated in a massive removal of unexploded ordnance in the impact area of Ft. Hood, much of it dating to WW II, in preparation for the conduct of a several week multi division force on force exercise pitting the TRICAP Division against 2nd Armored Division in Operation Gallant Hand.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The 1st Battalion's work during this exercise was a further extension of work done by the 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry with other units of the 1st Brigade during Air Cavalry Combat Brigade Tests 1 and 2 to evaluate the TRICAP organization of armor, air assault, assault helicopter and mechanized infantry as a combined arms force operating against Soviet style ground forces. LTC Kelley commanded the battalion at this time.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
On 15 June 1983, the 1st Battalion was relieved of its assignment to the First Cavalry Division and was inactivated at Fort Hood, Texas. Three years later, on 4 October 1986, the battalion was reactivated as the 1st Squadron at Fort Knox, Kentucky. There, the squadron assumed the mission of training new armor soldiers. On 16 December 1992 the Squadron was redesignated the First Battalion and moved to Fort Hood, Texas.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry was deployed to Camp McGovern, Bosnia from March to September 1999 in support of Operation Joint Forge Stabilization Force (SFOR) 5B. 1-12 CAV patrolled the areas around Brčko in northern Bosnia, and enforced the Dayton Peace Accords. This rotational tour included patrolling the Zone of Separation established as a buffer between the warring factions, Weapon Storage Site (WSS) inspections and inventories, and joint patrols with other NATO units. During this rotational deployment, 1-12 CAV witnessed the final UN arbitration decision regarding control of the key city of Brčko, and the NATO airstrikes in Serbia in support of initial NATO operations in Kosovo.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
As of May 2002, the 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry transitioned to the M1A2 SEP tank – the first unit in the 1st Cavalry Division to do so.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In March 2004, 1st Battalion deployed as part of 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division to East Baghdad, Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom II. Organized as a task force with attached infantry and engineer companies and operating from Camp Eagle outside Sadr City, 1–12 CAV battled the Mahdi Army of Muqtada al-Sadr throughout 2004. Task Force 1–12 Cavalry was commanded by LTC Tim Meredith, with senior NCO CSM Donald Battle.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
October 2006 – December 2007 1st Battalion deployed as part of 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division to Baqubah, Iraq. Under the command of LTC Goins and CSM Harris. While in Baqubah the battalion was spread then across the Diayla Province, then known as a safe haven for ISI (Islamic State of Iraq) and AQI (Al Queda in Iraq). Baqubah was announced to be the capital of the ISI and the coalition forces were to be routed out. After 7 months, Operation Arrowhead Ripper was initiated. The operation was success, with the city and infrastructure becoming more secure. The 1–12 CAV was in Baqubah for 15 months.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The battalion deployed again in December 2008 to the volatile Ninewa Province, Iraq, this time, under the command of LTC Michael Fadden and CSM Eddie Delvalle.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
From  February–December  2011, 1st Battalion was deployed to southern Iraq with 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division in support of Operation New Dawn under LTC Andrew Poznick and CSM Darryl Gill. Although the main effort was situated in Basrah, the Soldiers of Delta Company were tasked to man a remote Combat Outpost named COP Minden near the Iraq-Iran border which was a key target for insurgent fighters in the region. They were among the last American soldiers to exit Iraq.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry
February 2014 1st Battalion deployed about 800 "combat-ready" soldiers to Camps Hovey and Stanley, Republic of Korea, for nine months. This included the entire battalion and its forward support company. The deployment was part of the Army Force Generation rotational plan to increase theater readiness and maneuver capabilities. The battalion was attached to the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division. (The "Second to None" division is the only permanent forward-deployed division in the U.S. Army. ).


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
As of 1933, the squadron was headquartered at Fort Ringgold, near Rio Grande City, the Second of the 12th rode patrols along the southern border for almost forty years under different headquarters. Late in 1940, the battalion returned to Fort Bliss and trained for war as part of the 1st Cavalry Division's Second Brigade and participated in the Louisiana Maneuvers.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The battalion traded its horses for jeep and amphibious assault vehicles in February 1943. In mid-June 1943, the Division shipped out for Australia, where it trained in preparation for combat on the Pacific Rim. The battalion saw its first combat on Los Negros Island in March 1944.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The battalion also participated in the invasion of the Philippines. Landing on Leyte on 20 October 1944, the regiment was assigned the most difficult terrain in the central mountain ranges and faced fierce fighting. The fight was characterized by the bloody fight for Hill 2348 on 15 November. After being cut off from their supply lines, the battalion held off waves of suicide attacks. Finally on the night of 2 December, the troopers counterattacked and took the hill. The First Team lost 241 killed in action during the fighting on Leyte.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
On 27 January, the battalion stormed ashore on Luzon. It took six months, but on 30 June 1945, the entire island was secured. Selected by MacArthur to be the first into Japan, the battalion took on occupation duty near Yokohama until its deactivation in 1949.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
Reactivated in 1957, the battalion deployed to Vietnam in 1965 and fought the division's first engagement from 18 to 20 September as part of Operation Gibraltar. On 2 February 1968 during the Battle of Huế the battalion was deployed from Camp Evans to PK-17 to launch an attack towards La Chu to close off the PAVN supply routes west of Huế. The 2/12th Cavalry was pinned down by superior PAVN forces and eventually broke out on the night of 3 February leaving their dead behind. The battalion participated in the Cambodian Incursion and earned its 16th campaign streamer for the Sanctuary Counteroffensive. Serving as battalion signal officer during the Battle of Khe Sanh was future U.S. Senator Max Cleland.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
On 26 March 1971, the battalion stood down after five and a half years in Vietnam and returned to the United States at Fort Hood, Texas for permanent duty for the first time since 1943. In May 1971 the 2nd Battalion became a maneuver battalion in 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (TRICAP). Organized as an M113A1 equipped mechanized infantry battalion, from May 1971 through most of the remaining year, elements of the battalion were deployed in support of Air Cavalry Combat Brigade Tests 1 and 2.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
These important tests evaluated the integration of attack helicopter capability with armored, mechanized and air assault, evaluating the ability of these elements in combination to defeat a Soviet ground force opponent. LTC Milford Marshall commanded during much of this period. Later, the battalion participated in several deployments on REFORGER as well as having been tasked as one of the test beds for the 1st Cavalry Division's Restructure Study (DRS).


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
For the next several years, 2-12 Cav (Mech) was thoroughly engaged in the peacetime training and preparation of its officers, NCOs, and enlisted soldiers in the eventuality of a combat deployment to Europe during the Cold War against Warsaw Pact forces. Shortly after the arrival of the M1 Tank at Fort Hood in 1981, the "Last of the Blue Lancers" [taken from s words uttered by an anonymous staff sergeant] finally faded away when 2-12 Cav (Mech) was re-flagged as 3-10 Cav (Armor). Shortly before it completed its transition to armor—2-12 Cav (Mech) was the only mechanized infantry battalion in the US Army that was tank-gunnery qualified.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
The unit was reactivated in 1986, with the mission of training Armor officers at Fort Knox. The battalion's colors were later moved to the First Team (i.e. 1st Cavalry Division) at Fort Hood, Texas in December 1992. Since then, the Chargers have served at places like the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, California. In the summer of 1995, Alpha company was called out with Task Force 1–5 CAV on a contingency response to hostilities in the Persian Gulf.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
A year later, from September to December 1996, Bravo and Charlie company deployed with Task Force 1–5 Cavalry again, this time as a part of 3rd Brigade for Operation Desert Strike. Despite not being on an alert status, Bravo and Charlie companies mustered, deployed, drew propositioned equipment and occupied defensive battle positions in 96 hours. Meanwhile, with two companies plus their support slices deployed, the remainder of the battalion turned in the battalion's 58 M1A1 HC tanks to General Dynamics War Reserve.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In January 1997, the 2nd Battalion drew the new M1A2 tanks. In June 1997 the entire task force deployed to Kuwait, drew propositioned equipment, and initiated a rigorous two and a half-month training cycle known as Intrinsic Action 97-02. The Chargers battled blowing sand, 130-plus degree temperatures, and 50-mile an hour winds, all while maintaining an above 90% operational readiness rate and a high quality of life for the soldiers.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In the fall of 1998 2nd Brigade was organized into a Task Force with 1–5 Inf and 1–12 Armor, to go to Bosnia as SFOR5. To avoid complication of two battalions of 'Chargers' 2–12 Armor was redesignated as the 'ThunderHorse' Battalion.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In January 2004, 2nd Battalion deployed as part of 2nd Brigade in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The battalion conducted a relief in place with 2–70 Armor and assumed responsibility for a portion of western Baghdad including the Abu Ghraib district. In Abu Ghraib, Task Force 2–12 CAV included Annihilator A/1-5 CAV, Blackhawk B/2-12 CAV, Cold Steel C/2-12 CAV, Hound HHC/2-12 CAV, and a platoon of soldiers from the Estonian Scouts Battalion. TF


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
Thunder operated in the Abu Ghraib area from January to October 2004 before conducting operations in support of the 39th BCT in the vicinity of Taji and subsequently the 1st Marine Division in the vicinity of Falluja from October to December 2004. In January 2005, Task Force Thunder began operations in the North Babil provence to support Iraqi elections. After elections, TF Thunder conducted a relief in place and moved to Kuwait to conduct redeployment operations. LTC Tim Ryan and CSM Robert Booker led the Task Force throughout the deployment.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In October 2006, 2nd Battalion deployed as part of 4th BCT, 1st Cavalry Division out of Ft. Bliss Texas to support Operation Iraqi Freedom. The battalion was attached to 2nd BCT, 1st Infantry Division in western Baghdad. As part of Task Force Dagger, 2nd Battalion patrolled the Baghdad neighborhoods of Gazyaliyah and Shulla. 2–12 CAV redeployed to Ft. Bliss in December 2007.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In March 2008, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry was reflagged as 1st Battalion, 77th Armor. 3rd Battalion, 67th Armor, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division from Ft. Hood, Texas was then reflagged as 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry. The new 2d Battalion, 12th Cavalry then deployed to Tallil in southern Iraq in support of OIF 08-10 on 11 June 2008.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In September 2010 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry deployed in support of "Operation New Dawn", this time to Kirkuk, Iraq.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In November 2012 2nd Battalion deployed to Laghman Province, Afghanistan (RC-East) as part of the 4th Security Forces Assistance Brigade. In October 2013, the 4th Brigade Combat Team was deactivated and 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry joined the 1st Brigade Combat Team at Fort Hood, TX.


12th Cavalry Regiment, History, 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry
In October and November 2014, 2nd Battalion mobilized to Germany with the rest of 1st Brigade Combat Team and participated in Operation Atlantic Combined Resolve III. Their mission was to reinforce multinational partnerships while gaining experience working directly with allied forces in simulated combat exercises.


12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from September 1982 to November 1987. It held seven plenary sessions. It was securely succeeded by the 13th Central Committee.


12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
It elected the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1982.


12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was elected at the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in January 2016. The 12th Central Committee elected the 12th Politburo and the 12th Secretariat.


12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Members, Alternate members
The first plenum of the 12th PCC elected the Politburo, the Party General Secretary, the PCC Secretariat, the PCC Commission on Inspection and Head of the PCC Commission on Inspection.


12th Chess Olympiad
The 12th Chess Olympiad, organized by the FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between August 31 and September 25, 1956, in Moscow, Soviet Union.


12th Chess Olympiad
The host nation were double defending champions and naturally huge favourites, and they lived up to expectations. Although their victory margin wasn't as big as two years before, they still won comfortably, with Yugoslavia and Hungary taking home the silver and bronze medals, respectively.


12th Chess Olympiad, Results, Preliminaries
A total of 34 teams entered the competition and were divided into four preliminary groups of eight or nine teams. The top three from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed 4th–6th to Final B, and the rest to Final C. All groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments.


12th Chess Olympiad, Results, Preliminaries
Group 1 was won by the Soviet hosts, well ahead of Bulgaria and Switzerland. Poland, Sweden, and Norway took the places 4–6, while Puerto Rico and Saar finished at the bottom of the group.


12th Chess Olympiad, Results, Preliminaries
Yugoslavia took first place in group 2, ahead of Israel and Denmark. Netherlands, Austria, and France made up the middle part of the group, while Mongolia and Scotland had to settle for the bottom.


12th Chess Olympiad, Results, Preliminaries
Group 3 was won by Argentina, ahead of West Germany and England. Iceland, Chile, and Finland took the places 4–6, while India, Luxembourg, and Ireland finished at the bottom of the group.


12th Chess Olympiad, Results, Preliminaries
Hungary clinched group 4, ahead of Romania and Czechoslovakia. East Germany, Colombia, and Belgium made up the middle part of the group, while the Philippines, Greece, and Iran completed the field.


12th Chess Olympiad, Results, Individual medals
Due to a special rule for the top board at Olympiads, Larsen's result automatically earned him the GM title (the rule has since been abolished).


12th Chief Directorate
The 12th Chief (or "Main") Directorate of the Ministry of Defense (12 GU MO) of the former USSR and of the modern Russian Federation (Russian: 12 Главное Управление Министерства Обороны СССР/РФ (Ядерно-техническое обеспечение и Безопасность)) is a department within the Russian (ex-Soviet) Ministry of Defense.