120 ton-class repair dry dock
The program suffered another serious blow approximately two months after the launching on August 31, 1970, when copper workers operated against the regulation by opening the valve, resulting in the sinking of the vessel. The salvage and repair cost totaled ¥120,000 and delayed the program further for two more months, with sea trials finally conducted in October 1970. The dry dock was finally completed and handed over to PLAN in 1971 for naval base in Fujian.


120-PM-43 mortar
The M1943 Mortar also known as the SAMOVAR is a Soviet 120 millimeter calibre smoothbore mortar first introduced in 1943 as a modified version of the M1938 mortar. It virtually replaced the M1938 as the standard weapon for mortar batteries in all Soviet infantry battalions by the late 1980s, though the armies of the Warsaw Pact utilised both in their forces.


120-PM-43 mortar, Design
This muzzle-loading mortar can be easily broken down into three parts – barrel, bipod and baseplate – for movement over short distances or towed by a GAZ-66 truck on a two-wheel tubular carriage. The baseplate mounting permits all-azimuth firing, however as with most Soviet mortars it was difficult to turn rapidly over a wide traverse. It could accommodate small-angle shifts of up to 6 degrees without having to shift the baseplate though.


120-PM-43 mortar, Variants
It was copied in China as the Type 53 mortar. A more robust but heavier version, the Type 55, was developed by Norinco. Egypt also produced a locally modified variant, the Helwan Model UK 2. An improved version called the 2B11 Sani was also produced by the Soviets and, in combination with the 2B9 Vasilek, was being used to phase out the M1943 from service.


120-cell
In geometry, the 120-cell is the convex regular 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5,3,3}. It is also called a C120,  dodecaplex (short for "dodecahedral complex"), hyperdodecahedron, polydodecahedron, hecatonicosachoron, dodecacontachoron and hecatonicosahedroid.


120-cell
The boundary of the 120-cell is composed of 120 dodecahedral cells with 4 meeting at each vertex. It can be thought of as the 4-dimensional analog of the regular dodecahedron. Just as a dodecahedron can be built up as a model with 12 pentagons, 3 around each vertex, the dodecaplex can be built up from 120 dodecahedra, with 3 around each edge.


120-cell
The Davis 120-cell, introduced by Davis (1985), is a compact 4-dimensional hyperbolic manifold obtained by identifying opposite faces of the 120-cell, whose universal cover gives the regular honeycomb {5,3,3,5} of 4-dimensional hyperbolic space.


120-cell, Elements, As a configuration
This configuration matrix represents the 120-cell. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, and cells. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 120-cell. The nondiagonal numbers say how many of the column's element occur in or at the row's element.


120-cell, Elements, As a configuration
Here is the configuration expanded with k-face elements and k-figures. The diagonal element counts are the ratio of the full Coxeter group order, 14400, divided by the order of the subgroup with mirror removal.


120-cell, Cartesian coordinates
The 600 vertices of a 120-cell with an edge length of 2/φ2 = 3−√5 and a center-to-vertex radius of √8 = 2 √2 include all permutations of:


120-cell, Polyhedral graph
Considering the adjacency matrix of the vertices representing its polyhedral graph, the graph diameter is 15, connecting each vertex to its coordinate-negation, at a Euclidean distance of 4√2 away (its circumdiameter), and there are 24 different paths to connect them along the polytope edges.


120-cell, Polyhedral graph
From each vertex, there are 4 vertices at distance 1, 12 at distance 2, 24 at distance 3, 36 at distance 4, 52 at distance 5, 68 at distance 6, 76 at distance 7, 78 at distance 8, 72 at distance 9, 64 at distance 10, 56 at distance 11, 40 at distance 12, 12 at distance 13, 4 at distance 14, and 1 at distance 15. The adjacency matrix has 27 distinct eigenvalues ranging from 2/φ2, with a multiplicity of 4, to 4, with a multiplicity of 1. The multiplicity of eigenvalue 0 is 18, and the rank of the adjacency matrix is 582.


120-cell, Polyhedral graph
It has not been published whether the graph is Hamiltonian or Eulerian or both or neither.


120-cell, Visualization
The 120-cell consists of 120 dodecahedral cells. For visualization purposes, it is convenient that the dodecahedron has opposing parallel faces (a trait it shares with the cells of the tesseract and the 24-cell). One can stack dodecahedrons face to face in a straight line bent in the 4th direction into a great circle with a circumference of 10 cells. Starting from this initial ten cell construct there are two common visualizations one can use: a layered stereographic projection, and a structure of intertwining rings.


120-cell, Visualization, Layered stereographic projection
The cell locations lend themselves to a hyperspherical description. Pick an arbitrary dodecahedron and label it the "north pole". Twelve great circle meridians (four cells long) radiate out in 3 dimensions, converging at the fifth "south pole" cell. This skeleton accounts for 50 of the 120 cells (2 + 4 × 12).


120-cell, Visualization, Layered stereographic projection
Starting at the North Pole, we can build up the 120-cell in 9 latitudinal layers, with allusions to terrestrial 2-sphere topography in the table below. With the exception of the poles, the centroids of the cells of each layer lie on a separate 2-sphere, with the equatorial centroids lying on a great 2-sphere. The centroids of the 30 equatorial cells form the vertices of an icosidodecahedron, with the meridians (as described above) passing through the center of each pentagonal face. The cells labeled "interstitial" in the following table do not fall on meridian great circles.


120-cell, Visualization, Layered stereographic projection
The cells of layers 2, 4, 6 and 8 are located over the faces of the pole cell. The cells of layers 3 and 7 are located directly over the vertices of the pole cell. The cells of layer 5 are located over the edges of the pole cell.


120-cell, Visualization, Intertwining rings
The 120-cell can be partitioned into 12 disjoint 10-cell great circle rings, forming a discrete/quantized Hopf fibration. Starting with one 10-cell ring, one can place another ring alongside it that spirals around the original ring one complete revolution in ten cells. Five such 10-cell rings can be placed adjacent to the original 10-cell ring. Although the outer rings "spiral" around the inner ring (and each other), they actually have no helical torsion. They are all equivalent. The spiraling is a result of the 3-sphere curvature.


120-cell, Visualization, Intertwining rings
The inner ring and the five outer rings now form a six ring, 60-cell solid torus. One can continue adding 10-cell rings adjacent to the previous ones, but it's more instructive to construct a second torus, disjoint from the one above, from the remaining 60 cells, that interlocks with the first. The 120-cell, like the 3-sphere, is the union of these two (Clifford) tori. If the center ring of the first torus is a meridian great circle as defined above, the center ring of the second torus is the equatorial great circle that is centered on the meridian circle. Also note that the spiraling shell of 50 cells around a center ring can be either left handed or right handed. It's just a matter of partitioning the cells in the shell differently, i.e. picking another set of disjoint great circles.


120-cell, Visualization, Other great circle constructs
There is another great circle path of interest that alternately passes through opposing cell vertices, then along an edge. This path consists of 6 cells and 6 edges. Both the above great circle paths have dual great circle paths in the 600-cell. The 10 cell face to face path above maps to a 10 vertices path solely traversing along edges in the 600-cell, forming a decagon. The alternating cell/edge path above maps to a path consisting of 12 tetrahedrons alternately meeting face to face then vertex to vertex (six triangular bipyramids) in the 600-cell. This latter path corresponds to a ring of six icosahedra meeting face to face in the snub 24-cell (or icosahedral pyramids in the 600-cell).


120-cell, Projections, Orthogonal projections
Orthogonal projections of the 120-cell can be done in 2D by defining two orthonormal basis vectors for a specific view direction. The 30-gonal projection was made in 1963 by B. L.Chilton.


120-cell, Projections, Orthogonal projections
The H3 decagonal projection shows the plane of the van Oss polygon.


120-cell, Projections, Orthogonal projections
3-dimensional orthogonal projections can also be made with three orthonormal basis vectors, and displayed as a 3d model, and then projecting a certain perspective in 3D for a 2d image.


120-cell, Projections, Perspective projections
These projections use perspective projection, from a specific view point in four dimensions, and projecting the model as a 3D shadow. Therefore, faces and cells that look larger are merely closer to the 4D viewpoint. Schlegel diagrams use perspective to show four-dimensional figures, choosing a point above a specific cell, thus making the cell as the envelope of the 3D model, and other cells are smaller seen inside it. Stereographic projection use the same approach, but are shown with curved edges, representing the polytope a tiling of a 3-sphere.


120-cell, Projections, Perspective projections
A comparison of perspective projections from 3D to 2D is shown in analogy.


120-cell, Related polyhedra and honeycombs
The 120-cell is one of 15 regular and uniform polytopes with the same symmetry [3,3,5]:


120-cell, Related polyhedra and honeycombs
It is similar to three regular 4-polytopes: the 5-cell {3,3,3}, tesseract {4,3,3}, of Euclidean 4-space, and hexagonal tiling honeycomb of hyperbolic space. All of these have a tetrahedral vertex figure.


120-cell, Related polyhedra and honeycombs
This honeycomb is a part of a sequence of 4-polytopes and honeycombs with dodecahedral cells:


120-cell honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the 120-cell honeycomb is one of five compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). With Schläfli symbol {5,3,3,3}, it has three 120-cells around each face. Its dual is the order-5 5-cell honeycomb, {3,3,3,5}.


120-cell honeycomb, Related honeycombs
It is related to the order-4 120-cell honeycomb, {5,3,3,4}, and order-5 120-cell honeycomb, {5,3,3,5}.


120-cell honeycomb, Related honeycombs
It is topologically similar to the finite 5-cube, {4,3,3,3}, and 5-simplex, {3,3,3,3}.


120-cell honeycomb, Related honeycombs
It is analogous to the 120-cell, {5,3,3}, and dodecahedron, {5,3}.


120-gon
In geometry, a 120-gon is a polygon with 120 sides. The sum of any 120-gon's interior angles is 21240 degrees.


120-gon, Regular 120-gon properties
A regular 120-gon is represented by Schläfli symbol {120} and also can be constructed as a truncated hexacontagon, t{60}, or a twice-truncated triacontagon, tt{30}, or a thrice-truncated pentadecagon, ttt{15}.


120-gon, Regular 120-gon properties
One interior angle in a regular 120-gon is 177°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 3°.


120-gon, Regular 120-gon properties
The area of a regular 120-gon is (with t = edge length)


120-gon, Regular 120-gon properties
This means that the trigonometric functions of π/120 can be expressed in radicals.


120-gon, Regular 120-gon properties, Constructible
Since 120 = 23 × 3 × 5, a regular 120-gon is constructible using a compass and straightedge. As a truncated hexacontagon, it can be constructed by an edge-bisection of a regular hexacontagon.


120-gon, Symmetry
The regular 120-gon has Dih120 dihedral symmetry, order 240, represented by 120 lines of reflection. Dih120 has 15 dihedral subgroups: (Dih60, Dih30, Dih15), (Dih40, Dih20, Dih10, Dih5), (Dih24, Dih12, Dih6, Dih3), and (Dih8, Dih4, Dih2, Dih1). And 16 more cyclic symmetries: (Z120, Z60, Z30, Z15), (Z40, Z20, Z10, Z5), (Z24, Z12, Z6, Z3), and (Z8, Z4, Z2, Z1), with Zn representing π/n radian rotational symmetry.


120-gon, Symmetry
These 32 symmetries are related to 44 distinct symmetries on the 120-gon. John Conway labels these lower symmetries with a letter and order of the symmetry follows the letter. He gives d (diagonal) with mirror lines through vertices, p with mirror lines through edges (perpendicular), i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for rotational symmetry. a1 labels no symmetry.


120-gon, Symmetry
These lower symmetries allow degrees of freedom in defining irregular 120-gons. Only the g120 symmetry has no degrees of freedom but can be seen as directed edges.


120-gon, Dissection
Coxeter states that every zonogon (a 2m-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into m(m-1)/2 parallelograms. In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. For the regular 120-gon, m=60, and it can be divided into 1770: 30 squares and 29 sets of 60 rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 60-cube.


120-gon, 120-gram
A 120-gram is a 120-sided star polygon. There are 15 regular forms given by Schläfli symbols {120/7}, {120/11}, {120/13}, {120/17}, {120/19}, {120/23}, {120/29}, {120/31}, {120/37}, {120/41}, {120/43}, {120/47}, {120/49}, {120/53}, and {120/59}, as well as 44 compound star figures with the same vertex configuration.


120-pounder Whitworth naval gun
The 120-pounder Whitworth naval gun was designed by Joseph Whitworth during the 1860s. It was a rifled muzzle loader and used his hexagonal rifled bore design, the principle of which is described in the article on the 70-pounder Whitworth naval gun.


120-pounder Whitworth naval gun, Service
A number of 120-pounders were bought by the Brazilian Navy and used to arm some of its ironclads during the Paraguayan War in the late 1860s.


1200
1200 (MCC) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1200th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 200th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 12th century, and the  1st   year of the 1200s decade. As of the start of 1200, the Gregorian calendar was 7 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.


1200 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1200 kHz: 1200 AM is classified by the Federal Communications Commission as a United States clear-channel frequency. WOAI San Antonio is the dominant Class A station.


1200 Curfews
1200 Curfews is a live album by the Indigo Girls, released in 1995.


1200 Curfews
Most of the recordings come from their 1994-95 tour, with scattered earlier performances.


1200 Curfews
The liner notes joke about the inclusion of the song "Land of Canaan". The song had already appeared (in different recordings each time) on their 1985 EP, their 1987 debut album Strange Fire, and their 1989 eponymous second album.


1200 Evler, Merkezefendi
1200 Evler is a village in the Merkezefendi District of Denizli Province in Turkey.


1200 Fifth
1200 Fifth, formerly the IBM Building, is a 20-story office building in the Metropolitan Tract, part of downtown Seattle, Washington. The building was designed by Minoru Yamasaki, who also was architect of Rainier Tower on the corner diagonally opposite, and the World Trade Center in New York City. Construction on the building began in May 1963 and it was completed in October 1964.


1200 Fifth
Nard Jones wrote in 1972 that "There is an architectural poetry about [the building] that is at variance with the endless jibes at computerization and the alleged sober pragmatism of IBM personnel." The building's crown has a series of 191 "fins" that measure 23 feet (7.0 m) tall and house machinery floors.


1200 Fifth
The corner of the complex at 5th Avenue and University Street was the site of the Seattle Ice Arena from 1915 to 1963.


1200 Guineas Stakes
The 1200 Guineas Stakes was a flat horse race in Great Britain open to thoroughbreds aged five years. It was run at Newmarket and was one of the most important races of the second half of the 18th century.


1200 Guineas Stakes, History
The 1200 Guineas was established in 1753 to be first run during Easter week of 1757. It was established by the Duke of Cumberland, 3rd Duke of Ancaster, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Marquess of Hartington, Marquess of Granby, 2nd Earl of Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, 10th Earl of Eglinton, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 1st Earl of Gower and Thomas Duncombe. They agreed the race was to be run over the Beacon course at Newmarket and would be open to five-year-old horses and mares. They paid a 100 guineas subscription each to enter their horse and all runners would carry nine stone.


1200 Guineas Stakes, History
The race was initially to be run for five consecutive years from 1757, but was subsequently renewed in 1762.


1200 Imperatrix
1200 Imperatrix, provisional designation 1931 RH, is a carbonaceous Hygiean asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 14 September 1931. The asteroid was named after the Latin word for empress.


1200 Imperatrix, Orbit and classification
Imperatrix is a member of the Hygiea family (601), a very large asteroid family named after 10 Hygiea, the main belt's fourth-largest asteroid. Imperatrix orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,960 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.


1200 Imperatrix, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as A913 EC at Simeiz Observatory in March 1913, more than 18 years prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1200 Imperatrix, Physical characteristics
Imperatrix is an assumed C-type asteroid which is also the overall spectral type of the Hygiea family.


1200 Imperatrix, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In August 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Imperatrix was obtained from photometric observations at the River Oaks Observatory (915) in Texas. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 13.34 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=2). In September 2011, photometric observations by French amateur astronomers Pierre Antonini and René Roy gave a refined period of 17.769 hours with an amplitude of 0.21 magnitude (U=3).


1200 Imperatrix, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Imperatrix measures between 36.00 and 43.64 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.0714.


1200 Imperatrix, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0545 and a diameter of 39.39 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.8.


1200 Imperatrix, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Four stellar occultation events by 1200 Imperatrix have been observed, all in 2021.


1200 Imperatrix, Naming
This minor planet was named "Imperatrix", which is Latin for empress. The naming was proposed by German ARI-astronomer Gustav Stracke, after whom 1019 Strackea was named. Any specific reference to an occurrence or person is unknown, according to the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planets, Lutz Schmadel and his communications with Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who also worked at Heidelberg).


1200 Intrepid
1200 Intrepid is an office building located in the The Navy Yard in Philadelphia. It was designed by architectural firm BIG, which is led by Danish architect Bjarke Ingels. It was built by Turner Construction. Construction began in 2015 and was completed in 2016. The building's first tenant is Penn Capital Management.


1200 Intrepid
The building was built on spec, without a specific designated tenant. It was designed with the curving shape of battleships in mind, as well as the design of the circular park adjacent the building. Despite the curving of the building's walls, it nevertheless conforms to Robert A. M. Stern's master plan for the Navy Yard, which calls for traditional, box-shaped office buildings.


1200 Intrepid
Inga Saffron, the architecture critic for The Philadelphia Inquirer referred to the building's curved wall as "mesmerizing". Ingels has compared the white concrete panels that make up the building's facade to "...bracelets of a watch [tilting to create] a graceful, organic space and inviting cavelike canopy".


1200 Landmark Center
The 1200 Landmark Center is a 255 ft (78 m), 15-story skyscraper at the corner of South 13th and Farnam Streets in Downtown Omaha, Nebraska, United States. As of 2015, the building is formerly home to the Omaha operations of Pacific Life.


1200 Stewart
1200 Stewart is a future twin skyscraper complex in the Denny Triangle neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. The project is located at the intersection of Stewart Street and Denny Way and comprises 1,014 apartments and retail space in two 48-story buildings. The retail space, housed in a three-story podium with an indoor galleria, is planned to feature a music venue and a Boeing 747-400 fuselage. It began construction in 2018 and is scheduled to be completed in early 2022.


1200 Stewart, History
The triangular site at 1200 Stewart Street, occupied by a mix of single-story businesses and parking lots also facing Denny Way and Minor Avenue, has been proposed as the site of a residential high-rise since the late 2000s by several developers. Lexas Companies submitted a proposal in 2007 to build a pair of 36-story mixed-use towers with condominiums and a hotel over a retail podium. The project, designed by architect Paul Thoryk, was to include 300 condominiums ranging from studio units to three-bedroom residences, a 250-room hotel, and a large fitness club. The tower was also proposed as the home of the College Club of Seattle, which had vacated its former building in Downtown Seattle, but negotiations later fell through.


1200 Stewart, History
Lexas had planned to begin construction in 2010, but progress was hindered by the search for a major financial investor amid the economic recession. The city government granted a master-use permit to Lexas for the project in 2012 with a four-year expiration date. The Westbank Corporation of Vancouver submitted a revised design to the city in September 2015, proposing a pair of 38-story towers with 892 residential units without a hotel. The company purchased the triangular project site for $52.8 million in October and unveiled a "wave-like design" by Henriquez Partners Architects a month later.


1200 Stewart, History
In September 2016, the city government approved a revised master-use permit for the project, which would comprise two 45-story towers with 1,050 total residential units above a retail podium and 736 parking stalls in an underground garage. The permit was later modified to add four stories of residential units with a $10 million fee paid into the city's mandatory housing affordability fund. Construction began in May 2018 under general contractor Graham Construction. The project is planned to be completed in early 2022.


1200 Stewart, Design
1200 Stewart occupies a triangular lot bound to the north by Denny Way, to the east by Yale Avenue, to the south by Stewart Street, and to the west by Minor Avenue. It is located adjacent to Interstate 5 in the northeast corner of the Denny Triangle neighborhood. It consists of two 48-story towers with 1,014 residential units above an eight-story podium with 148,700 square feet (13,810 m2) of retail space and amenities. The podium will have a two-story music venue operated by Live Nation, a Trader Joe's grocery store, and other retailers. An indoor galleria within the podium connecting Denny Way and Stewart Street will include a decommissioned Boeing 747-400 fuselage to hang above the walkway and serve as lounge space.


1200 Stewart, Design
The residential towers, designed by Henriquez Partners Architects, will have sculpted balconies that are shaped into a "wave-like" facade inspired by the Aqua skyscraper in Chicago. The balconies, mainly concentrated on the north side of the towers, will have gardens and trees to create a "sensual form". The residential towers will also have a rooftop patio, a dog park, and a swimming pool. The complex will have 613 total parking stalls in a four-story underground garage accessed from Minor Avenue, with commercial and retail spaces separate from those for residential use.


1200 Techniques
1200 Techniques are an Australian hip hop group formed in 1997 in Melbourne, Australia, consisting of DJ Peril (Jason Foretti) as producer, percussionist, DJ; N'fa Forster-Jones as lead vocalist (under the name Nfamas) and Kemstar (DJ Peril's brother, Simon Foretti) as lead guitarist. Whilst primarily being in the genre of hip hip, they drew influences from other genres including rock, funk, soul, electro, drum and bass, electro jazz and breakbeat. They released their debut studio album, Choose One, in March 2002.


1200 Techniques
AllMusic's Jody Macgregor wrote, "Although Australia had an underground hip-hop scene starting in the late '80s, it wasn't until 2001 that it began to be recognized by the mainstream of Australian music. 1200 Techniques were an important part of that moment, with charting singles, appearances on TV shows like John Safran's Music Jamboree, and a sound that contained an eclectic blend of rock, dance, and funk influences to win over those Australians unconvinced their country had a place as a producer of quality hip-hop music." The group disbanded in 2005 and reformed in 2014.


1200 Techniques, History
Brothers DJ Peril (Jason Foretti) and Kemstar (Simon Foretti) were involved in Australian hip hop, since the early 1980s as pre-teens. DJ Peril started with the Island Boys, one of Melbourne's first ever hip hop crews and he was the DJ in a number of different bands: Big Pacific, Rollercoaster, Dub and Reggae, and Blow Sound Unit.


1200 Techniques, History
Peril formed 1200 Techniques in 1997, as producer, percussionist and DJ, with the English-born brothers Nfamas (N'fa) on lead vocals and Kabba Foster-Jones on vocals. The Foster-Jones brothers had moved from London to Perth in 1983, they were both in a hip-hop crew, Deadly Fresh, during the mid-1990s before relocating to Melbourne. When DJ Peril saw the duo working with another band, he approached them, "I thought they were wasting their talent." The group's name references, "the Technics 1200 turntable the name also represents the multi-direction attitude of the group's music." Kemstar joined soon after, Kabba then returned to London in 1999. Kabba's vocals can still, however, be heard on some of the group's early tracks, "Don't Stop". 1200 Techniques continued with the three remaining core members, recruiting a drummer for live shows.


1200 Techniques, History
In 2001, 1200 Techniques were signed to an independent label called Rubber Records and they released their debut Extended Play titled Infinite Style. The lead single from the EP "Hard as Hell" was released and had a low budget video clip which saw the song receive national recognition on Triple J.


1200 Techniques, History
In April 2002, the band released the single "Karma", the lead single from their debut studio album Choose One. "Karma" became a crossover success. Choose One was released in June and peaked at number 20 on the ARIA Charts. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2002, the group were nominated for five awards, with "Karma" winning ARIA Award for Best Independent Release and ARIA Award for Best Video. Also in 2002, the band won Best Debut Artist" and Best Hip Hop Act at the Dance Music Awards. The group supported Linkin Park on their 2002 Australian tour that year and headlined their own tour with support by American rapper Princess Superstar.


1200 Techniques, History
Their second album Consistency Theory was released in January 2004, and peaked at No. 38 on the ARIA album chart. Three singles were released from the album and all appeared on the ARIA singles chart. Following the album's release, the group appeared at the Big Day Out festival in early 2004. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2004, the lead single "Eye of the Storm" was nominated for two awards. The group went on hiatus in 2005 to allow the individual members to pursue solo work.


1200 Techniques, History
In October 2014, the group broke nearly a decade of silence by announcing the release of a new extended play. After a successful fundraising campaign on PledgeMusic, the band released Time Has Come in January 2015.


1200 Techniques, Solo careers
DJ Peril released a solo album, King of the Beats in 2006, which includes the singles "It's About to Blow" and "Rock Ya Baby". the latter featuring singer Rahsaan Patterson.


1200 Techniques, Solo careers
Nfamas released a solo album, as N'fa, called Cause An Effect in 2006. Both of the album's video clips were directed by his friend, actor Heath Ledger.


1200 Techniques, Solo careers
Kemstar played guitar with his band Quarter 2 Nine circa 1990 as well with the Australian supergroup The Jack (with members of You Am I, Grinspoon, The Living End, Spiderbait, and Sender) for the 2004 Thunderstruck film soundtrack, performing on the songs "Crash & Burn" and "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)".


1200 Techniques, Awards, ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. 1200 Techniques have won two awards from eight nominations.


1200 aluminium alloy
1200 Aluminium alloy has aluminium as the major element, and has silicon, zinc, copper, titanium and manganese as minor elements.


1200-ton Oil Fuel Lighter
The 1200-ton Oil Fuel Lighter was a class of oil fuel lighters built for the Royal Australian Navy between 1940 and 1946.


1200-ton Oil Fuel Lighter, Design
The lighters were 186 feet (57 m) in length and 36 feet (11 m) beam and cost about £38,940 each to build. The vessels did not have engines. At the time the first ship of the class was ordered for the Royal Australian Navy, it was to be the largest lighter ever built in Australia. While OFL 1201 was completed in 1940, the other vessels in the class were not completed until 1945 or 1946.


1200-ton Oil Fuel Lighter, Design
The lighters were capable of carrying up to 1,204 tons of oil fuel, which was transferred to other vessels using four pumps. The lighters were also fitted with accommodation spaces and a galley on their upper deck, and carried a 15-foot (4.6 m) dinghy.


1200-ton Oil Fuel Lighter, Oil fuel lighters
Eight ships of the class were eventually constructed, of which two were allocated names.


1200-ton Oil Fuel Lighter, Oil fuel lighters
OFLs 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1207 and 1208 remained in use with the Royal Australian Navy as of 1983. By this time 1205 and 1206 had been sold.


12002 Suess
12002 Suess, provisional designation 1996 FR1, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, about 6 km (3.7 mi) in diameter. It was discovered by Czech astronomers Petr Pravec and Lenka Kotková (Šarounová) at Ondřejov Observatory on 19 March 1996. The asteroid was named after Austrian geologist Franz Eduard Suess.


12002 Suess, Orbit and classification
Suess is a member of the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family in the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,917 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.


12002 Suess, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by the Digitized Sky Survey at the Siding Spring Observatory in November 1982, almost 14 years prior to its official discovery observation at Ondřejov .


12002 Suess, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Suess measures 6.309 km in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.177.


12002 Suess, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Suess has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's rotation period, poles, and shape remain unknown.


12002 Suess, Naming
This minor planet was named after Austrian geologist Franz Eduard Suess (1867–1941/2), son of geologist Eduard Suess and professor at the Technical College in Prague and superintendent at the Imperial Geological Institute of Vienna. Franz Eduard made fundamental studies on  moldavites and coined the term "tektite", which are ejecta from meteor impact events. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 January 2000 (M.P.C. 38201). The lunar crater Suess, as well as the crater Suess on Mars, however, are named after his father.


1200s (decade)
The 1200s began on January 1, 1200, and ended on December 31, 1209.


1200s BC (decade)
The 1200s BC is a decade which lasted from 1209 BC to 1200 BC.


1200s in art
The decade of the 1200s in art involved some significant events.


1200–1300 in European fashion
Costume during the thirteenth century in Europe was very simple for both men and women, and quite uniform across the continent. Male and female clothing were relatively similar, and changed very slowly, if at all. Most clothing, especially outside the wealthier classes, remained little changed from three or four centuries earlier. The century saw great progress in the dyeing and working of wool, which was by far the most important material for outerwear. For the rich, colour and rare fabrics such as silk from the silkworm was very important. Blue was introduced and became very fashionable, being adopted by the Kings of France as their heraldic colour.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Men's clothing
Men wore a tunic, cote or cotte with a surcoat over a linen shirt. One of these surcoats was the cyclas, which began as a rectangular piece of cloth with a hole in it for the head. Over time the sides were sewn together to make a long, sleeveless tunic. When sleeves and sometimes a hood were added, the cyclas became a ganache (a cap-sleeved surcoat, usually shown with hood of matching color) or a gardcorps (a long, generous-sleeved traveling robe, somewhat resembling a modern academic robe). A mantle was worn as a formal wrap.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Men's clothing
Men also wore hose, shoes, and headdress. The clothing of royalty was set apart by its rich fabric and luxurious furs. Hair and beard were moderate in length, and men generally wore their hair in a "pageboy" style, curling under at necklength. Shoes were slightly pointed, and embroidered for royalty and higher clergy.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Men's clothing, Working men's clothing
Working men wore a short coat, or tunic, with a belt. It was slit up the center of the front so that they could tuck the corners into their belt to create more freedom of movement. They wore long braies or leggings with legs of varying length, often visible as they worked with their cotte tucked into their belt. Hose could be worn over this, attached to the drawstring or belt at the waist.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Men's clothing, Working men's clothing
Hats included a round cap with a slight brim, the beret (just like modern French ones, complete with a little tab at the top), the coif (a little tight white hood with strings that tied under the chin), the straw hat (in widespread use among farmworkers), and the chaperon, then still a hood that came round the neck and over the shoulders. Apart from aprons for trades like smithing, and crude clothes tied round the neck to hold seed for sowing, special clothes were not worn for working.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Women's clothing, Overview
Dress for women was modest and restrained, and a narrow belt was uniform. Over it was worn the 'cyclas' or sleeveless surcoat also worn by men. More wealthy women wore more embroidery and their mantle, held in place by a cord across the chest, might be lined with fur. Women, like men, wore hose and leather shoes.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Women's clothing, Headdresses and hairstyles
Individuality in women's costume was expressed through their hair and headdress. One distinctive feature of women's headwear was the barbette, a chin band to which a hat or various other headdresses might be attached. This hat might be a "woman's coif", which more nearly resembled a pillbox hat, severely plain or fluted. The hair was often confined by a net called a crespine or crespinette, visible only at the back.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Women's clothing, Headdresses and hairstyles
Later in the century the barbette and coif were reduced to narrow strips of cloth, and the entire hairdress might be covered with the crespine, the hair fashionable bulky over the ears. Coif and barbettes were white, while the crespine might be colored or gold. The wimple and veil of the 12th century still seen on nuns today was still worn, mainly by older women and widows. Women also wore long tunics that went down to their ankles. This was worn over a shirt.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Women's clothing, Wealthier Women's Jewelry
Wealthy women often wore clothes lined with fur. They wore jewelry and jewels such to make them look rich and wealthy. However, rings and brooches were not worn as gemstone cutting was only invented in the 15th century.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Women's clothing, Style gallery
1 – From the Morgan Bible, c. 1250: the wife of Manoah wears a veil and wimple. Note striped hose.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Sumptuary laws
The Fourth Council of the Lateran of 1215 ruled that Jews and Muslims must be distinguishable by their dress, beginning the process that transformed the conical or pointed Jewish hat from something worn as a voluntary mark of difference to an enforced one. Previously it had been worn but had been regarded by European Jews as "an element of traditional garb, rather than an imposed discrimination". A law in Breslau in 1267 said that since Jews had stopped wearing the pointed hats they used to wear, this would be made compulsory. The Yellow badge also dates from this century, although the hat seems to have been much more widely worn.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Sumptuary laws
Sumptuary laws covering prostitutes were introduced (following Ancient Roman precedent) in the 13th century: in Marseilles a striped cloak, in England a striped hood, and so on. Over time these tended to be reduced to distinctive bands of fabric attached to the arm or shoulder, or tassels on the arm.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Sumptuary laws
These probably reflected both a growing concern for control over the increasing urban populations, and the increasing effectiveness of the Church's control over social issues across the continent.


1200–1300 in European fashion, Footwear
Shoes began to develop a pointed toe at this time however, they were much more restrained than they were in the 14th century. The usual shoe for men opened at the front, from the instep to the toe. Commoners also wore stockings with leather sewn to the sole, and wooden clogs. Woollen garters were also worn by commoners.


1201
Year 1201 (MCCI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1201 North Market Street
1201 North Market Street is a 110 m (360 ft), 23-story high rise building in Wilmington, Delaware. It is the tallest building in Wilmington and the state of Delaware. The tower was designed by the architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and opened in 1988. On clear days, the skyline of Philadelphia, 30 miles to the north, can be seen from the top floors.


1201 Pacific
1201 Pacific, formerly the Wells Fargo Plaza, is the tallest building in Tacoma, Washington, and was completed in 1970. It was built with help from investors such as George Weyerhaeuser and Ben Cheney, and was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.


1201 Pacific
The $14 million building was announced in 1968 and uses land that was cleared under Tacoma's urban renewal program. It was originally built for the National Bank of Washington, which was acquired in 1970 by Pacific National Bank (later First Interstate Bank of Washington), in turn acquired in 1996 by Wells Fargo. It was known as the Wells Fargo Center until 2016, when it lost its naming rights.


1201 Pacific
The building, now owned by Unico Properties, was awarded LEED Silver certification in 2011.


1201 Pennsylvania Avenue
1201 Pennsylvania Avenue is a highrise skyscraper office building in Washington, D.C. on Pennsylvania Avenue. The building is 49 m (160 ft) tall and has approximately 13 floors. Its construction ended in 1981. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP.


1201 Third Avenue
1201 Third Avenue (formerly Washington Mutual Tower) is a 235.31-meter (772.0 ft), 55-story skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the third-tallest building in the city, the eighth-tallest on the West Coast of the United States, and the 97th-tallest in the United States. Developed by Wright Runstad & Company, construction began in 1986 and finished in 1988. 1201 Third Avenue was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates and The McKinley Architects. The building was the world headquarters of the financial company Washington Mutual from the building's opening until 2006, when the company moved across the street to the WaMu Center (renamed the Russell Investments Center after the bank collapsed in 2008).


1201 Third Avenue, History
Kohn Pedersen Fox was hired to design the tower while visiting Seattle to be interviewed as a possible candidate for the job of designing the Seattle Art Museum. It was the first major office building built under Seattle's 1985 downtown zoning plan, largely implemented in response to the Columbia Center, which called for height limits, interesting profiles, and height and density bonuses for public amenities to create a 24-hour downtown.


1201 Third Avenue, History
The tower took advantage of all the height bonuses for public amenities that the 1985 plan called for including an entrance to the Metro Bus Tunnel (later renamed the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel), retail space, day care, public plaza, sculptured top, hillside public escalators, and lobby/atrium public access, as well as donating $2.5 million for off-site housing. By providing the amenities the designers were able to add 28 stories to the tower and almost double the base floor area ratio of the site.


1201 Third Avenue, History
The building was built on the site of the 12-story Savoy Hotel which was imploded in 1986; however, the architects were able to incorporate two aluminum castings from the Savoy into the design of the tower. Another building on the same block, the historic Brooklyn (Hotel) Building was retained and this too was factored into the design of the tower.


1201 Third Avenue, History
The New York Times named it one of the three best new office buildings in the United States in 1988, and in the May 1989 issue of Architecture Magazine Walter McQuade called it "perhaps the best recent addition to any U.S. skyline". Paul Goldberger said of the tower, "The building seems proud of its height; for all its classical elements it has a certain sleekness, and in this sense it is characteristic of our time, at least in intention, for it bespeaks a desire to combine the formal imagery of classicism and the energizing aura of modernity." Seattlites have voted the 55-story skyscraper as one of their favorite buildings. The building is managed by Wright Runstad & Company.


1201 Third Avenue, History
MetLife Real Estate Investments and Clarion Partners bought the building in 2012 for $548.8 million.


1201 Third Avenue, History
The building is home to a perch for Peregrine falcons, who are monitored using a public webcam that was installed in 1994.


1201 Walnut
The 1201 Walnut Building is a Skyscraper located in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, USA, built by HNTB Architects in 1991. Found at the intersection of 12th and Walnut streets, it is the eighth tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the twelfth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri, at 427 feet. The exterior is made of mostly dark-colored glass, and granite panels, and is located one block North of the Power & Light District in downtown Kansas City. In late 2010, building tenant Stinson Leonard Street, LLP acquired the rights to place a large sign and corporate logo atop the southern face of the building.


12012
12012 (イチニーゼロイチニ, ichi nī zero ichi ni) is a Japanese visual kei rock band. Formed in 2003 in Osaka Prefecture, the group centers its work around the concept of "madness inside a human" (人間の内面における狂気 ningen no naimen ni okeru kyōki). 12012 is also the penal code for the possession of a dangerous weapon in California. The group sometimes performs as "Kyōki Shoji" (凶器所持), which is a translation of that offense.


12012, Musical styles
The band's musical style has changed over the years. Starting out as a hardcore punk band — and later an alternative metal band with some punk elements — after its first two albums Not Obtain+1 and Play Dolls the band's music shifted to a more radio-friendly sound which could be described as a mix of pop and hard rock. After guitarist Suga left, the band slowly drifted back to heavier terrain. The band's current style could be described as heavy metal with alternative and progressive rock influences.


12012, History
In 2007, the band performed the ending theme, "Cyclone", to the Gonzo anime television series Romeo x Juliet, its single being released by Universal Music Japan on June 13, 2007. The group has also toured Japan on many occasions as well as performing at concerts in numerous international locations.


12012, History
In September 2007, vocalist Miyawaki Wataru was arrested for assault on a woman. After a night of heavy drinking, it was reported he had tried to strangle a female acquaintance. It was resolved out of court, and the charges were later dropped. On October 17, 2007, Wataru posted an apology in his blog.


12012, History
It was announced on their official website that guitarist Yūsuke Suga would be leaving the band on December 12, 2010, after the final concert of their "The Fangs of Killer「Seven」Sadness" tour. The band continued with the four remaining members.


12012, History
In 2013, former support guitarist Shinichirou Saitou officially joined the band, and the year saw the release of two mini-albums: Deicida of Silence and The Swan. On February 10, 2014, the band announced an indefinite hiatus which would take place the same year on December 12. Later that year they also announced a mini-album XII, which would be their last release before the indefinite hiatus.


12012, History
On June 24, 2020, a livestream was played by Sakai where he announced 12012 would return from hiatus. The new lineup will also include former guitarist Yūsuke Suga, making the band a six-piece.


1202
Year 1202 (MCCII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1202 Marina
1202 Marina, provisional designation 1931 RL, is a primitive Hildian background asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory in 1931, and later named in honor of Marina Lavrova–Berg, a scientific collaborator at Pulkovo Observatory, who died at an early age during WWII.


1202 Marina, Discovery
Marina was discovered on 13 September 1931, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. Two nights later, it was independently discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 15 September 1931. The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer.


1202 Marina, Discovery
The asteroid was first observed as A924 WG at Heidelberg Observatory in November 1924. The body's observation arc also begins at Heidelberg in January 1925, more than 6 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1202 Marina, Orbit and classification
Marina is a non-family background asteroid of the Hilda group, located in the outermost region of the main-belt and in a 3:2 resonance with the giant planet Jupiter. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.3–4.7 AU once every 7 years and 12 months (2,920 days; semi-major axis of 4.00 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.


1202 Marina, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Marina is a primitive P-type asteroid.


1202 Marina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In the 1990s, a rotational lightcurve of Marina was obtained from a survey of Hildian asteroids by European astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.45 hours with a brightness variation of 0.29 magnitude (U=3). In October 2010, photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California gave a similar period of 9.571 hours and an amplitude of 0.09 (U=1).


1202 Marina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the Japanese Akari satellite, Marina measures 54.93 and 63.76 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo of 0.0337 and 0.026, respectively.


1202 Marina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.045 and a diameter of 55.07 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.28.


1202 Marina, Naming
This minor planet was named after Marina Davydovna Lavrova–Berg (1898–1943), a scientific collaborator who worked at the Pulkovo Observatory near Saint Petersburg during 1931–1942.


1202 Syria earthquake
The 1202 Syria earthquake struck at about dawn on 20 May 1202 (598 AH) with an epicenter in southwestern Syria. Up to 1,100,000 deaths have been associated with this earthquake, although other estimates are much smaller. It was felt over a very wide area, from Sicily to Mesopotamia and Anatolia to upper Egypt, mostly affecting the Ayyubid Sultanate and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The cities of Tyre, Acre and Nablus were heavily damaged. A magnitude of Ms = 7.6 has been estimated with damage up to XI on the Mercalli intensity scale.


1202 Syria earthquake, Records of the earthquake
A large earthquake or series of earthquakes is described in many written sources during the period 1201–1202 (597–598 AH). It is unclear as to whether they refer to a single mainshock with several large aftershocks or more than one unrelated earthquake. Given the rarity of such large events in this area it has been considered more likely that the reports all refer to the same mainshock. Other workers have recognised two separate events, the earlier (Ms  = 7.5) on 6 June 1201 and the latter (Ms  = 6.8) on 20 May 1202, occurring on two different (but contiguous) segments of the Dead Sea Transform.


1202 Syria earthquake, Cause
The distribution of reported damage strongly suggests that the earthquake resulted from movement on a segment of the dominantly strike-slip Dead Sea Transform. Detailed studies of recent sediments along the line of the Yammoûneh Fault, which borders the Beqaa Valley, support movement on this fault as the most likely origin for the 1202 earthquake. Field evidence of the 1202 earthquake rupture has been reported from the displacement of the walls of the Vadum Iacob Crusader fortress (at Tell Ateret) and from displaced stream channels in the Bet Saida Valley.


1202 Syria earthquake, Cause
The tsunami reports associated with this earthquake are unlikely to be directly caused by the movement of the fault as none of the fault displacement happened beneath the sea. Most large tsunamis recorded in the eastern Mediterranean are thought to be the result of seismically triggered underwater landslides.


1202 Syria earthquake, Effects, Areas affected
The earthquake was felt from Sicily in the west to northwestern Iran in the east, and from Constantinople in the north to Aswan in the south. The affected areas – listed by decreasing order of the intensity – were, in today's terms, Lebanon, central Palestine, western Syria, Cyprus, northern Israel, Jerusalem, Jordan, southern Turkey (Antioch, Lesser Armenia, eastern Anatolia), Sicily, Iraq and Iran, Egypt (as far south as Aswan), Constantinople and Ceuta.


1202 Syria earthquake, Effects, Areas affected
The greatest damage was reported from Mount Lebanon, Tyre, Acre, Baalbek, Beit Jann, Samaria, Nablus, Banias, Damascus, Hauran, Tripoli and Hama (VIII–IX on the Mercalli intensity scale).


1202 Syria earthquake, Effects, Tsunami
Tsunami probably associated with this event were observed on eastern Cyprus and along the Syrian and Lebanese coasts.


1202 Syria earthquake, Effects, Casualties
The figure of 1,100,000 deaths often quoted for this earthquake includes all deaths for the year in question, including those from the famine and subsequent epidemics caused by the failure of the Nile flood that year. A more realistic estimate has been made from the analysis of contemporary records of 30,000 deaths.


1202 in Scotland
Events from the year 1202 in the Kingdom of Scotland.


1203
Year 1203 (MCCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was also the first year to have all digits different from each other since 1098.


1203 Nanna
1203 Nanna, provisional designation 1931 TA, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, about 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 October 1931, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and named after a model of painter Anselm Feuerbach.


1203 Nanna, Orbit
Nanna is a dark C-type asteroid. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–3.6 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,797 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1926, it was first identified as 1926 RH, extending the body's observation arc by 5 years prior to its official discovery observation.


1203 Nanna, Rotation period
In September 2009, two rotational lightcurves of Nanna were obtained by American astronomer Brian Warner from photometric observations at his Palmer Divided Observatory in Colorado. The first lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 18.54 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12 magnitude (U=2), while the second lightcurve was ambiguous giving a period of 25.80 and 12.90 hours, respectively, and an amplitude of 0.15 (U=2). These results supersede a fragmentary lightcurve taken by French amateur astronomers Federico Manzini, Laurent Bernasconi and René Roy from August 2004, which gave a period of 15.6 hours (U=1).


1203 Nanna, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Nanna measures between 31.80 and 37.91 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.028 and 0.056. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.03 and a diameter of 35.06 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.7.


1203 Nanna, Naming
This minor planet was named after Anna Risi, a model in several paintings by German classicist painter Anselm Feuerbach. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 112).


1203 in Ireland, Deaths
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120347 Salacia
120347 Salacia, provisional designation 2004 SB60, is a large planetoid in the Kuiper belt, approximately 850 kilometers in diameter. As of 2018, it is located 44.8 astronomical units from the Sun, and reaches apparent magnitude 20.7 at opposition.


120347 Salacia
Salacia was discovered on 22 September 2004, by American astronomers Henry Roe, Michael Brown and Kristina Barkume at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It has been observed 124 times, with precovery images back to 25 July 1982. Salacia orbits the Sun at an average distance that is slightly greater than that of Pluto. It was named after the Roman goddess Salacia and has a single known moon, Actaea.


120347 Salacia
Brown estimated that Salacia is possible a dwarf planet. However, William Grundy et al. argue that objects in the size range of 400–1000 km, with densities of ≈ 1.2 g/cm3 or less and albedos less than ≈ 0.2, have likely never compressed into fully solid bodies or been resurfaced, let alone differentiated or collapsed into hydrostatic equilibrium, and so are highly unlikely to be dwarf planets. Salacia is in this size range and has a very low albedo, though Grundy et al. later found it to have the relatively high density of 1.5±0.1 g/cm3.


120347 Salacia, Orbit
Salacia is a non-resonant object with a moderate eccentricity (0.11) and large inclination (23.9°), making it a scattered–extended object in the classification of the Deep Ecliptic Survey and a hot classical in the classification system of Gladman et al., which may be a non-distinction if they are part of a single population that formed during the outward migration of Neptune. Salacia's orbit is within the parameter space of the Haumea collisional family, but Salacia is not part of it, because it lacks the strong water-ice absorption bands typical of its members.


120347 Salacia, Physical characteristics
As of 2019, the total mass of the Salacia–Actaea system is estimated at (4.922±0.071)×1020 kg, with an average system density of 1.51 g/cm3; Salacia itself is estimated to be around 846 km in diameter. Salacia has the lowest albedo of any known large trans-Neptunian object. According to the estimate from 2017 based on an improved thermophysical modelling the size of Salacia is slightly different at 866 km and its density is therefore lower being 1.26 g/cm3 (based on old mass).


120347 Salacia, Physical characteristics
Salacia was previously believed to have a mass of around (4.38±0.16)×1020 kg, in which case it would also have had the lowest density (around 1.29 g/cm3) of any known large TNO; William Grundy and colleagues proposed that this low density would imply that Salacia never collapsed into a solid body, in which case it would not be in hydrostatic equilibrium. Salacia's infrared spectrum is almost featureless, indicating an abundance of water ice of less than 5% on the surface. Its light-curve amplitude is only 3%.


120347 Salacia, Physical characteristics
Mike Brown's website lists Salacia as nearly certainly a dwarf planet,but the IAU has not formally recognized it as such.


120347 Salacia, Satellite
Salacia has one natural satellite, Actaea, that orbits its primary every 5.49380±0.00016 d at a distance of 5619±89 km and with an eccentricity of 0.0084±0.0076. It was discovered on 21 July 2006 by Keith Noll, Harold Levison, Denise Stephens and William Grundy with the Hubble Space Telescope.


120347 Salacia, Satellite
Actaea is 2.372±0.060 magnitudes fainter than Salacia, implying a diameter ratio of 2.98 for equal albedos. Hence, assuming equal albedos, it has a diameter of 286±24 km According to the estimate from 2017 based on an improved modelling the size of Actaea is slightly larger being 290±21 km.


120347 Salacia, Satellite
Actaea has the same color as Salacia (V−I = 0.89±0.02 and 0.87±0.01, respectively), supporting the assumption of equal albedos.


120347 Salacia, Satellite
It has been calculated that the Salacia system should have undergone enough tidal evolution to circularize their orbits, which is consistent with the low measured eccentricity, but that the primary need not have been tidally locked. The ratio of its semi-major axis to its primary's Hill radius is 0.0023, the tightest trans-Neptunian binary with a known orbit. Salacia and Actaea will next occult each other in 2067.


120347 Salacia, Name
This minor planet was named after Salacia (/səˈleɪʃə/), the goddess of salt water and the wife of Neptune. Naming citation was published on 18 February 2011 (M.P.C. 73984).


120347 Salacia, Name
The moon's name, Actaea /ækˈtiːə/, was assigned on the same date. Actaea is a nereid or sea nymph.


120375 Kugel
120375 Kugel, provisional designation: 2005 PB6, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 10 August 2005, by French amateur astronomer Claudine Rinner at her Ottmarsheim Observatory (224) in France. The stony S/Q-type asteroid in the region of the Florian clan has a tentative rotation period of 6.9 hours. It was named after French astronomer François Kugel.


120375 Kugel, Orbit and classification
Kugel is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been considered a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid clan and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main belt.


120375 Kugel, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,289 days; semi-major axis of 2.32 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1998 SM108 at Lincoln Laboratory ETS in September 1998, nearly 7 years prior to its official discovery observation at Ottmarsheim.


120375 Kugel, Naming
This minor planet was named after French amateur astronomer François Kugel (born 1959), an active observer of comets and a collaborator of the discoverer. He has founded the Chante-Perdrix Observatory (A77) in 2005. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 August 2009 (M.P.C. 66728).


120375 Kugel, Physical characteristics
In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Kugel has an SQ-type that transitions between the common S-type and less common Q-type asteroids.


120375 Kugel, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In August 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Kugel was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a tentative rotation period of 6.923±0.0085 hours with a weak brightness amplitude of 0.09 magnitude (U=1). As of 2021, no secure period has been obtained.


120375 Kugel, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Kugel has not been observed by any of the space-based surveys such as the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Akari satellite or IRAS. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora the parent body of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 1.05 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 17.07.


1204
Year 1204 (MCCIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1204 Renzia
1204 Renzia, provisional designation 1931 TE, is a stony asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser on an eccentric orbit from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany on 6 October 1931. The asteroid was named after German-Russian astronomer Franz Renz.


1204 Renzia, Orbit and classification
Renzia is a Mars-crossing asteroid, a dynamically unstable group between the main belt and the near-Earth populations, crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.666 AU. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.6–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,244 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.29 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg with its official discovery observation in 1931.


1204 Renzia, Orbit and classification, Impact probability
In the 1980s, British astronomer Duncan Steel calculated that Renzia has the third highest probability of impacting into Mars among a large sample of Mars-crossing asteroids. With a collision probability of 4.84 impacts per billion orbits, Renzia is only behind the asteroids (9801) 1997 FX (4.96) and 8303 Miyaji (5.08), which are both significantly smaller. He also calculated that such an impact event may occur every 300,000 years, for an assumed population of 10 thousand Mars-crossers larger than 1 kilometer producing impact craters of at least 10 kilometers in diameter.


1204 Renzia, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Renzia is a common stony S-type asteroid.


1204 Renzia, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
In September 1982, a first rotational lightcurve of Renzia was obtained from photometric observations at the Table Mountain Observatory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 7.885 hours with a brightness variation of 0.42 magnitude (U=3). In February 2012, observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory gave an identical period with an amplitude of 0.49 magnitude (U=2).


1204 Renzia, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
Two 2016-studies also modeled the asteroid's lightcurve. They gave a concurring sidereal period of 7.88695 and 7.88697 hours. Each of the studies also determined two spin axis in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β): (142.0°, −50.0°) and (305.0°, −45.0°), as well as (130.0°, −44.0°) and (312.0°, −51.0°).


1204 Renzia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Renzia measures 10.49 and 10.73 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.254 and 0.222, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2103 and a diameter of 10.82 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.14.


1204 Renzia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
With a diameter above 10 kilometers, Renzia is larger than most sizable Mars-crossing asteroids such as 1065 Amundsenia (9.75 km), 1139 Atami (9.35 km), 1474 Beira (15 km), 1011 Laodamia (7.39 km), 1727 Mette (est 9 km), 1131 Porzia (7.13 km), 1235 Schorria (est. 9 km), 985 Rosina (8.18 km) 1310 Villigera (15.24 km), and 1468 Zomba (7 km); but still smaller than the largest members of this dynamical group, namely, 132 Aethra, 323 Brucia, 1508 Kemi, 2204 Lyyli and 512 Taurinensis, which are larger than 20 kilometers in diameter (in one or other given source).


1204 Renzia, Naming
This minor planet was named after German-Russian astronomer Franz Robert Renz (1860–1942) also known as Franz Franzevich Renz, who worked at the Dorpat and Pulkovo observatories. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 112).


1204th Aviation Support Battalion
The 1204th Aviation Support Battalion (ASB) is a unit in the Kentucky Army National Guard that inactivated January 10, 2016. The unit deployed to Iraq in support of Operation New Dawn (Iraq, 2010–2011) on October 1, 2011.


1204th Aviation Support Battalion, Service in Iraq
Following arrival for Iraq War service and the uncasing of the colors on November 3, 2011, the battalion quickly began work, assuming the responsibility of aviation logistics sustainment and support operations from Contingency Operating Site Taji, while simultaneously planning for the withdrawal of the Combat Aviation Brigade, 29th Infantry Division.


1204th Aviation Support Battalion, Service in Iraq
The unit earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation for operational service in Iraq from August 23, 2011 to August 10, 2012 during the unit's Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation New Dawn deployment.


1205
Year 1205 (MCCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1205 Ebella
1205 Ebella, provisional designation 1931 TB1, is a relatively eccentric asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory on 6 October 1931. The asteroid was named after German astronomer Martin Ebell.


1205 Ebella, Orbit and classification
Ebella orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.2 AU once every 4.04 years (1,474 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken and no prior identifications were made, the asteroid's observation arc begins at Heidelberg with its official discovery observation.


1205 Ebella, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Ebella measures 5.474 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.214, which is typical for stony S-type asteroids.


1205 Ebella, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, it measures 6.0 kilometers in diameter using an absolute magnitude of 13.50 with an assumed albedo of 0.20.


1205 Ebella, Physical characteristics, Lightcurve
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Ebella has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's  rotation period, poles and shape still remain unknown.


1205 Ebella, Naming
This minor planet was named after Carl Wilhelm Ludwig Martin Ebell (1871–1944) an astronomer from Kiel, Germany, who was on the editorial team of the renowned astronomical journal Astronomische Nachrichten. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 112).


1205 km
1205 km (Russian: 1205 км) is a rural locality (a village) in Voyegurtskoye Rural Settlement of Balezinsky District, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2008.


12052 Aretaon
12052 Aretaon /ærɪˈteɪɒn/ is a mid-sized Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 May 1997, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. The dark Jovian asteroid has a rotation period of 8.05 hours. It was named after Aretaon from Greek mythology.


12052 Aretaon, Orbit and classification
Aretaon is a Jupiter trojan in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the trailering Trojan camp at the Gas Giant's L5 Lagrangian point, 60° behind its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.6 AU once every 11 years and 12 months (4,381 days; semi-major axis of 5.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1977 UG5 at the Palomar Observatory in October 1977, almost 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at La Silla.


12052 Aretaon, Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the Trojan warrior Aretaon. He was killed by Teucer during the Trojan War. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 January 2003 (M.P.C. 47300).


12052 Aretaon, Physical characteristics
Aretaon is an assumed, carbonaceous C-type asteroid. The majority of Jupiter trojans are D-types, with the reminder being mostly C- and P-type asteroids.


12052 Aretaon, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In September 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Aretaon was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in Landers, California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.05 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.17 magnitude (U=2). This period determination was confirmed by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in September 2013, measuring a period of 8.048 hours and an amplitude of 0.19 magnitude in the R-band (U=2).


12052 Aretaon, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Aretaon measures 39.151 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.073, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 42.23 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.6.


12052 Aretaon, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


1206
Year 1206 (MCCVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1206 Numerowia
1206 Numerowia, provisional designation 1931 UH, is an asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany on 18 October 1931, and named after Russian astronomer Boris Numerov.


1206 Numerowia, Orbit and classification
Numerowia orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,771 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins at Heidelberg four days after its official discovery observation.


1206 Numerowia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
In February 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Numerowia was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer Lawrence Molnar and colleges at the Calvin–Rehoboth Observatory in New Mexico, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.7743 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.63 magnitude (U=3), indicating that the body has a non-spheroidal shape.


1206 Numerowia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 4.77529 hours (U=n.a. ), as well as two spin axis of (64.0°, −50.0°) and (271.0°, −69.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1206 Numerowia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Numerowia measures between 14.173 and 15.63 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.141 and 0.168.


1206 Numerowia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for C-type asteroid of 0.057 and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 27.90 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 11.5.


1206 Numerowia, Naming
This minor planet was named after Russian astronomer and geophysicist Boris Numerov (1891–1941), founder and director of the Institute for Theoretical Astronomy in Leningrad, who was executed for espionage by the Soviet Union in 1941. The accusation was based on the fact that a German had named the asteroid after him. In 1957, his memory was rehabilitated. The lunar crater Numerov was also named in his honour. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 112).


1206 in India, Events
12 June — Qutb al-Din Aibak ascended to the throne of Delhi. He was first Muslim king of Delhi and was founder of Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi).


1206 in India, Deaths
15 March —  Muhammad of Ghor, Sultan of Ghurid Empire from 1173 to 1206 AD.


1207
Year 1207 (MCCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (full calendar) under the Julian calendar.


1207 Antalya Spor
1207 Antalya Döşemealtı Belediye Spor, a.k.a. 1207 Antalyaspor,  is a women's football team based in Antalya playing in the Turkish Women's First Football League. Current chairman of the club is Süleyman Türk.


1207 Antalya Spor, History
The women's team was founded as Antalya Yeni Kapıspor in 2006, and started to play in the Women's League. From 2007 until 2012, the team was part of Antalyaspor while they played in the 2011–12 season under the name Medical Park Antalyaspor in line with their sponsor. After three seasons in Women's First League, the team was relegated to the Women's Second League for the 2012–13 season. As a result, Antalyaspor's club management decided to close the women's football branch. The team merged with the other women's football club in Antalya, the Döşemealtı Kırkgöz Gençlik Spor and was renamed 1207 Antalya Muratpaşa Belediye Spor. The municipality of Muratpaşa District sponsors the club.


1207 Antalya Spor, History
1207 Antalya Muratpaşa Belediye Spor finished the following two seasons as group leader in the Women's Second League, however, lost the play-off matches and failed so to get promoted to the Women's First League. At the end of the 2014–15 season, they became league champion, and were promoted to the Women's First League again in the 2015–16  season. The team played three seasons in the Women's First League, but at the end of the 2017-18 League season, they were relegated to the Women's Second League.


1207 Antalya Spor, History
Between 2016 and 2018, the club was sponsored by the district municipality of Döşemealtı in Antalya. The club was renamed to ""1207 Antalya Döşemealtı Belediye Spor". With the 2018-19 season, the name of the club was changed to "1207 Antalyaspor Kadın Futbol Kulübü" ("1207 Antalyaspor Women's Football Club").


1207 Antalya Spor, History
After playing two seasons in the Women's Second League, the team were promoted to the Women's First League againaccording to point average by decision of the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) as the season could not be completed due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.


1207 Antalya Spor, Stadium
The team play their home matches at the Zeytinköy Stadium's Field #2.


1207 Antalya Spor, Current squad
Head coach: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1207 Antalya Spor, Squads
1207 Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyespor team in the 2015–16 season's away match against Kireçburnu Spor.


1207 Antalya Spor, Squads
1207 Antalya Döşemealtı Belediyespor team in the 2016–17 season's play-off away match against Beşiktaş J.K..


1207 Ostenia
1207 Ostenia, provisional designation 1931 VT, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 23 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 November 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and named for amateur astronomer Hans Osten.


1207 Ostenia, Classification and orbit
The S-type asteroid is a member of the Eos family, thought to have formed from a catastrophic collision of its parent body resulting in more than 4,000 known members of the family. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.8–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,920 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. Ostenia's observation arc begins at Heidelberg with its official discovery observation. No precoveries were taken and no prior identifications were made.


1207 Ostenia, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Ostenia measures 21.925 and 22.93 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.176 and 0.1338, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1591 and a diameter of 23.05 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.8.


1207 Ostenia, Lightcurves
In February 2006, photometric observations of Ostenia by Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado (see § External links), were used to generate a well-defined lightcurve with a period of 9.073±0.004 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.60±0.02 magnitude (U=3). Results from modeled lightcurves in 2009 and 2011, confirmed a rotation period of 9.07 hours (U=n.a. ), while previous observations from the 1970s, taken by Swedish astronomer Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist at Mount Stromlo (Uppsala Southern Station in Australia) and Kvistaberg observatories gave a shorter period of 7.7 and 8.4 hours, respectively (U=2/2).


1207 Ostenia, Naming
This minor planet was named after Hans Osten (1875–1936) a German amateur astronomer, orbit computer and business man. As a non-professional, Osten attracted attention with his precise calculations of comets and asteroids. He is known for calculating the orbit of 447 Valentine, taking into account perturbations by all major planets with such precision, that it was considered exemplary in the astronomical community. Osten received the silver Leibniz Medal in 1911. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 112).


1208
Year 1208 (MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1208 (band)
1208 (generally pronounced "twelve-o-eight" or "twelve-zero-eight") was an American punk rock band from Hermosa Beach, California that formed in 1994.


1208 (band)
The name "1208" came from the apartment number they first shared. They released two full-length studio albums on Epitaph Records: Feedback Is Payback (2002) and Turn of the Screw (2004). Their song "Fall Apart" from Turn of The Screw was featured on the popular PlayStation 2 and Xbox game Burnout 3.


1208 (band)
In November 2006, the band was reported to be working on a third album, however the album never materialized.


1208 (band)
1208 reunited in 2009 for a one-off show with T.S.O.L.. All original members performed, with the exception of drummer Manny McNamara. Deviates drummer Donald Conrad filled in on drums. Singer Alex Flynn is the nephew of Black Flag founder Greg Ginn and artist Raymond Pettibon.


1208 Imperial election
The imperial election of 1208 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Frankfurt on November 11.


1208 Imperial election
As a result of the election, Otto IV was unanimously named Holy Roman Emperor.


1208 Troilus
1208 Troilus /ˈtroʊɪləs/ is a large and notably inclined Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 103 kilometers (64 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 31 December 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The unusual F-type asteroid belongs to the largest Jupiter trojans and has a long rotation period of 56.2 hours. It was named after the Trojan prince Troilus, who was killed by Achilles.


1208 Troilus, Orbit and classification
Troilus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the trailing Trojan camp at Jupiter's L5 Lagrangian point, 60° behind its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population.


1208 Troilus, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.8–5.7 AU once every 12 years (4,395 days; semi-major axis of 5.25 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and a high inclination of 34° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in December 1931.


1208 Troilus, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Troilus has an ambiguous and unusual spectrum, closest to that of an F-type and somewhat similar to a common C-type asteroid (FCU). It has also been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type in the Barucci taxonomy (C0-type).


1208 Troilus, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In April 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Troilus was obtained from photometric observations by Lawrence Molnar at the Calvin-Rehoboth Robotic Observatory (G98) in New Mexico. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 56.17±0.07 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20±0.02 magnitude (U=2). While not being a slow rotator, Troilus has a significantly longer period than most asteroids, and one of longest of all larger Jupiter trojans.


1208 Troilus, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
The period also supersedes previous observations made by Linda French with the 0.9-meter SMARTS telescope at Cerro Tololo in the 1980s and by Federico Manzini at the Sozzago Astronomical Station (A12), which gave a period of 24 and 63.8 hours, respectively (U=2/1).


1208 Troilus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Troilus measures between 100.48 and 111.36 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.037 and 0.0419. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0397 and a diameter of 103.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.05.


1208 Troilus, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB () and from the LCDB () for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.


1208 Troilus, Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the young Trojan prince Troilus, the son of King Priam (also see 884 Priamus), who in a medieval legend loved Cressida (see 548 Kressida) and lost her to Diomedes (see 1437 Diomedes). Troilus was killed by Achilles (see 588 Achilles) in the Trojan War. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 112).


1208 in poetry, Deaths
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1209
Year 1209 (MCCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1209 Pumma
1209 Pumma, provisional designation 1927 HA, is a Hygiean asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 April 1927, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the niece of astronomer Albrecht Kahrstedt.


1209 Pumma, Orbit and classification
Pumma is a member of the Hygiea family (601), a very large family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids, named after the fourth-largest asteroid, 10 Hygiea. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,063 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle, 8 days after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1209 Pumma, Physical characteristics, Lightcurve
In April 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Pumma was obtained from photometric observations by Italian and French amateur astronomers Silvano Casulli and René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 8.5001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 magnitude (U=3).


1209 Pumma, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pumma measures between 21.73 and 26.99 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.139 and 0.215. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous C-type asteroids of 0.057 and consequently calculates a much larger diameter of 40.33 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.7.


1209 Pumma, Naming
This minor planet's name was proposed by German astronomer Albrecht Kahrstedt (1897–1971), a staff member at ARI and later director at Babelsberg Observatory (also see 1587 Kahrstedt). "Pumma" is the nickname of a niece of Kahrstedt. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 112).


120P/Mueller
120P/Mueller, also known as Mueller 1, is a periodic comet in the Solar System.


120ft Motor Lighter
The 120ft Motor Lighter was a class of lighters designed by the Australian Shipbuilding Board during World War II and built for the Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Navy and the US Army.


120ft Motor Lighter, Design
The lighters were 120 feet (37 m) in length, 9 feet (2.7 m) depth and 24 feet (7.3 m) breadth and cost about $120,000 each to build.


120ft Motor Lighter, Operators, Royal Australian Navy
The Royal Australian Navy ordered three refrigerator, two stores and nine water variants.


120mm M2 RAIADO
The 120mm M2 Rifled Heavy Mortar (pt: MORTEIRO PESADO 120mm M2 RAIADO) is a Brazilian 120 mm mortar designed to have great firepower, mobility, and flexibility. The RT-M2 is designed by the War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro for the Brazilian Army artillery. The RT-M2 can be transported by ground or air, and can also be air dropped, and offers a 360° range without the necessity of re-positioning the base. The RT-M2 can use any 120 mm ammunition built to international standards.


120s
The 120s decade ran from January 1, 120, to December 31, 129.


120s BC
This article concerns the period 129 BC – 120 BC.


120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF
The 120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Hamilton, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in that city and parts of Wentworth County. After sailing to England in August 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 2nd Reserve Battalion (Central Ontario), CEF on January 20, 1917. The 120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. George Douglas Fearman.


120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF
The 120th Battalion is perpetuated by The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment).


120th Airlift Wing
The 120th Airlift Wing (120 AW) is a unit of the Montana Air National Guard, stationed at Great Falls Air National Guard Base at Great Falls International Airport, Montana. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.


120th Airlift Wing, Mission
The 120th Airlift Wing, as part of the Montana Air National Guard, serves a dual mission:


120th Airlift Wing, History
On 1 July 1955, the Montana Air National Guard 186th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 120th Fighter Group (Air Defense) was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 186th FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 120th Headquarters, 120th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 120th Combat Support Squadron, and the 120th USAF Dispensary. The group was gained by the 29th Air Division, Air Defense Command with a mission for the air defense of the northern tier of the United States. The Group Commander, Col. Rodger D. Young was promoted to Brig. General in 1966 and became Chief of Staff of Air for the 120th until his retirement in 1973.


120th Airlift Wing, History
In 1958, the 120th implemented the ADC Runway Alert Program, in which interceptors of the 186th FIS were committed to a five-minute runway alert, a task that would last for 38 years. The arrival of the F-102 Delta Dagger in 1966 ushered in the supersonic age. In 1968 Air Defense Command was re-designated as Aerospace Defense Command (ADCOM). In 1972, the unit was redesignated the 120th Fighter-Interceptor Group and assigned the F-106 Delta Dart, the first Air National Guard unit to receive this aircraft.


120th Airlift Wing, History
With the F-106, the squadron competed in and won its first William Tell, a live-fire missile competition held at Tyndall AFB, Florida. Performed air defense duties along the northern tier of the United States until 1978 when ADCOM was merged into Tactical Air Command. Continued air defense mission for ADTAC component of TAC with the F-106s, transferring to First Air Force when ADTAC was replaced in 1985.


120th Airlift Wing, History
The 186th FS converted from the F-106A to the F-16A/B Fighting Falcon in mid-1987. The conversion happened earlier than was scheduled and the 186th FIS was to be the last squadron to lose its F-106s. The first aircraft were older block 5 and 10 models with some block 15 airframes also being delivered to the squadron. Main task for the unit was air defense, as with many ANG units who were equipped with the F-16. In 1991 the F-16s were brought up to the Air Defense Fighter (ADF) variant.


120th Airlift Wing, History
This meant a serious leap in performance and capability of this squadron in their defensive role. This situation was maintained up until 2001 when the squadron started receiving more modern F-16C block 30 aircraft  with larger intakes. This conversion replaced the air defense mission with one of general purpose/air-to-ground as part of the Expeditionary Aerospace Force.


120th Airlift Wing, History
With the conversion, unit members felt it was time to consider a change in the aircraft tail markings. The most notable change included the 186th Fighter Squadron's nickname of "Vigilantes". The nickname by the pilots of the 186th is intended to honor the first men in the Montana Territory who organized for the safety and welfare of the people.


120th Airlift Wing, History
The squadron once again found itself on alert status after the terrorism attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. Base personnel implemented the necessary procedures to establish a secure environment while maintaining a 24-hour alert status for aircraft. During 2002, hundreds of unit personnel were activated and deployed to multiple locations in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and the world.


120th Airlift Wing, History
As a result of the 2005 BRAC decisions the unit converted to the F-15C/D during 2008 and revert to an all-air defense unit. In early December 2007 the first F-16 left Great Falls being transferred to the 158th Fighter Wing, Vermont ANG. By the summer of 2008, eighteen F-15C Eagles had been transferred from the 131st Fighter Wing at St. Louis due to its conversion to the 131st Bomb Wing, flying the B-2 stealth bomber.


120th Airlift Wing, History
Beginning in the summer of 2013, the Wing began the process of transferring its F-15C aircraft to the 144th Fighter Wing of the California Air National Guard. The final F-15 aircraft departed Great Falls on 24 October 2013. The 120th received their first C-130H from the 19th Airlift Wing on 1 March 2014


120th Armed Police Mobile Division (People's Republic of China)
The 120th Division was a division deployed by the People's Republic of China.


120th Armed Police Mobile Division (People's Republic of China), History
The 120th Division was a military formation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army as part of the Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) during the Korean War. It had a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. It was a component of the 40th Army, and consisted of the 358th, 359th, and 360th Regiments.


120th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 120th Brigade (120 Bde) was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army during World War I. Part of Lord Kitchener's 'New Armies', it served in the 40th Division on the Western Front. In 1918 it was reorganised as the 120th (Highland) Brigade. The brigade number was reactivated for deception purposes during World War II.


120th Brigade (United Kingdom), Origin
120 Brigade was a New Army or 'Kitchener's Army' formation raised in September 1915, in 40th Division at Aldershot. An earlier 120 Brigade had been raised in late 1914 as part of the 'Fifth New Army', but when the Fourth New Army was broken up in April 1915 to provide reserve units for the First to Third New Armies, the formations of the Fifth took their place, and the original 120 Bde was renumbered 99th Brigade.


120th Brigade (United Kingdom), Origin
By the time the new 120 Bde was organised the flow of volunteers had dwindled, and the standard of height for infantry soldiers had been lowered in order to encourage recruitment. Some of these so-called 'bantams' were well-knit, hardy men, but many others, especially in 120th Bde, were under-developed and unfit. It was estimated that the four battalions in the brigade would provide enough fit men for only two serviceable battalions. To prevent the departure of the division to the Front being indefinitely postponed, the divisional commander asked for fresh units to be drafted in. 120th Brigade was completely reorganised in February 1916. Divisional training was then intensified and the division was warned for overseas service in May 1916.


120th Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations
Disembarkation was carried out at Le Havre between 2 and 6 June, and the division concentrated in the Lillers area by 9 June ready to take its place in the line. 120 Brigade's active service was entirely spent on the Western Front. It was the first part of the division to see serious action, being engaged in the Battle of the Ancre (the last phase of the Battle of the Somme, 14–18 November 1916), detached under the command of 31st Division.


120th Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations
Early in 1917 the division followed up the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line, with offensive action on 24 April, when 13th East Surreys captured Villers-Plouich and over 100 prisoners, while Beaucamp was entered by 14th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.


120th Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Bourlon Wood
In November 1917, during the Battle of Cambrai, the division relieved 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division to continue the breakthrough. The attack on the morning of 23 November, with the objective of capturing Bourlon Wood, was begun by 119 and 121 Bdes with tank support, while 120 Bde was in reserve. Confused fighting went on for two days and nights, with troops from 120 Bde being gradually fed into the line. On the afternoon of 24 November 14th Bn