12 Bar Club
Some of the most famous musicians and groups to play at the 12 Bar before they reached a wider audience include Adele, Martha Wainwright, Joanna Newsom, KT Tunstall (all of whose first London dates were at the 12 Bar), Damien Rice, Regina Spektor, The Libertines, Keane, Seasick Steve and Jamie T. Jeff Buckley also played an impromptu set at the 12 Bar some time before the launch of his debut album Grace.


12 Bar Club
The Denmark Street venue officially closed 16 January 2015 as part of a redevelopment for the area, despite a lengthy battle to keep it open. Shortly after its closure, activists occupied the building and re-opened it to live music. Property owners attempted to evict the activists. The club relocated to Islington, shutting for good a year later.


12 Bar Club, History
The original building was originally constructed in 1635 as a stable. It was later converted into a forge for the St Giles area that was used until World War I. The fireplace from the forge could be seen at the rear of the stage and regularly housed the performers' guitar amplifiers. The building then became a carpenter's shop until shortly after World War II, when it was converted into store rooms. It is a Grade-II listed building.


12 Bar Club, History
During the 1980s, parts of the premises (later to become the area around the bottom of the stairs up to the 12 Bar toilets) housed science fiction/comic book shop Paradise Alley, with the entrance in the side alley connecting Denmark Street to Denmark Place (facing the rear of larger science fiction shop Forbidden Planet 2). The painted-over Paradise Alley store sign would remain over the former entrance until 2015.


12 Bar Club, History
During the early 1990s, the building housed The Forge Folk & Blues Club, founded by Andy Preston who organised the performances and Nida Daniel who managed admissions and refreshments for customers. It was originally a social club and music venue for the staff at the guitar centre who used the original forge area at the back as an amplifier workshop - dust-sheets would be thrown over the amplifiers in the evening before the entertainment began.


12 Bar Club, 12 Bar Club
In 1994, the club was expanded and renamed the 12 Bar Club. Offices and a restaurant were added. It was the brainchild of international businessman Lars Ericson and musician Phil Ryan. They approached lease holder Andy Preston, owner of the world-famous Andy's Guitars, and together they formed up to create and launch the club in 1994.


12 Bar Club, 12 Bar Club
The club was run by Ryan, who devised the music policy and booked a host of well-known names including Bert Jansch, whose album Live at the 12 Bar: An Authorised Bootleg was recorded there in 1995, Robyn Hitchcock, Nick Harper, The Albion Band, Steve Jones, Tom Russell, Peter Rowan and the Rowan brothers, Boo Hewerdine, Gordon Giltrap, Jonathan Kalb, Richard Mazda, Suzanne Chawner, Ian Crowther, Vince McCann, Will Kevans. Some of these named artists went on to promote their own nights featuring the best in up and coming artists. Under the guidance of Phil Ryan the club won the Time Out Best Music Venue in 2005, which Ryan collected at Time Out headquarters.


12 Bar Club, 12 Bar Club
The clubs became a destination for many artists from around the world. Music manager Andy Lowe, a former employee of Decca Records, was also instrumental in attracting up-and-coming and established artists.


12 Bar Club, 12 Bar Club
The Denmark Street venue was famous for its two-level viewing arrangement despite its small size. A small "balcony" section (allowing for 15 or 20 people) originally prevented those standing at the back on the ground level from seeing the heads of particularly tall band members. A refurbishment in 2006 corrected this problem by reducing the size of the balcony.


12 Bar Club, Notable performances
Bands and performers who have played at the 12 Bar after gaining more commercial success (sometimes playing 'secret' or late shows) include Cholesterol Jones, the Lene Lovich Band (who made their live debut at the club in 2012), Kristin Hersh, Pete Doherty, The Television Personalities and Robyn Hitchcock.


12 Bar Club, Notable performances
The venue was known for supporting independent promoters and less mainstream styles of music, notably hardcore punk and antifolk - the seasonal antifolk (UK) fest was held at the 12 Bar and many 'antifolk' style performers from both New York and England have played there, including Langhorne Slim, Jeffrey Lewis, Major Matt Mason, Curtis Eller, Thomas Truax, and Filthy Pedro, either at the fests themselves or like-minded nights such as Joe 'Sgt Buzfuz' Murphy's monthly 'Blang' night. Also, early in their career, The Libertines played at the venue.


12 Bar Club, Notable performances
Other bands such as Menace, London, Rivulets, The Bleach Boys, Ray Wylie Hubbard, Sarah Gillespie, Lloyd Maines, Benjamin Shaw, Jack Hayter, Monkish, Andy White, Cud and Rhatigan, Terri Hendrix and Roddy Frame of Aztec Camera have also played at the 12 Bar Club.


12 Bar Club, Awards
The 12 Bar Club was awarded Live music Venue of the Year '95/'96 by Time Out magazine.


12 Bar Club, Awards
In 2012, London newspaper The Telegraph ranked the 12 Bar Club as the second-best venue in the world.


12 Bar Club, Closure and protests
Property developers Consolidated Developments, in partnership with the Crossrail Project, sought to terminate the 12 Bar Club's lease as part of an ongoing development programme around Denmark Street. It resulted in an 18-month lawsuit and significant protests. A petition against the closure drew 17,000 signatures, including Marc Almond, David Essex, Glen Matlock, Pete Townshend and local MP Frank Dobson, but it did not save the club.


12 Bar Club, Closure and protests
The club held a farewell party on 11 January 2015, with 30 bands playing. It officially closed its Denmark Street venue on 16 January, but within days, activists entered the building in protest. Members of the group, calling themselves "Bohemians 4 Soho," told The Guardian newspaper, "We are a collective of artists, activists and campaigners who are willing to become cultural heritage wardens for the area." Under the motto "without culture, society cannot exist," the group stated it wanted to preserve Tin Pan Alley.


12 Bar Club, Closure and protests
On Friday, 23 January, an injunction order was affixed to a facility door prohibiting the occupants from holding a party, playing music or distributing alcohol. The order was ignored and a large party was held that night with live music. Consolidated Developments took legal action to evict the activists. The Bohemians stated they were squatting not only to protest the closure of the 12 Bar Club, but also to preserve the building from demolition. The occupants provided police with a Section 6 notice to defend their occupation.


12 Bar Club, Closure and protests
Whilst commentators lamented the closure of another central London music venue, Frank Turner played an impromptu gig in support of the squatters. They were evicted in early February 2015. The police reported there were 15-20 people in the building and there were no arrests.


12 Bar Club, Closure and protests
The club's owner announced that the 12 Bar Club would be relocated to Islington. The 12 Bar Club moved to Phibber's Bar & Grill on Holloway Road, but ceased trading on 2 February 2016.


12 Bar Club, Literary References
In the crime fiction novels from the Cormoran Strike series, protagonist Cormoran Strike is a detective who works and lives above the 12 Bar Club in the Denmark Street location. The novels in the series are The Cuckoo's Calling, The Silkworm, Career of Evil and Lethal White by J. K. Rowling (under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith).


12 Beast
12 Beast (Japanese: トゥエルヴビースト, Hepburn: Tueruvu Bīsuto) is a Japanese shōnen manga series written and illustrated by Okayado. The series is published by Fujimi Shobo in Japan, and by Seven Seas Entertainment in the United States.


12 Beast
On September 6, 2020, Okayado announced the manga has been canceled due to multiple reasons.


12 Beast, Summary
Touga Eita is a high school student and video-game otaku. He is the heir to the Touga style Ninjitsu, and he has never kissed a girl. All this changes when a voluptuous girl with wings and taloned feet named Aero appears and calls on Eita to help save her people-the harpies of Re-Verse-from the merciless onslaught of giant robot monsters known as Gigas. Aero reveals that she was sent to find him, by his missing brother. Eita will follow his newfound harpy friend into a whole new world, filled with monster girls and fantastical creatures beyond his wildest dreams.


12 Beast, Release
Okayado launched the series in the June 2013 issue of Fujimi Shobo's shōnen manga magazine on May 9, 2013. When Age Premium was shut down on July 9, 2015, the series was one of five titles transferred to Monthly Dragon Age. The chapters have been compiled into seven tankōbon volumes before being cancelled.


12 Beast, Release
North American publisher Seven Seas Entertainment announced their license to the series on July 30, 2014.


12 Beast, Reception
On Anime News Network, Rebecca Silverman gave volume one an overall grade of C, calling the story generic and textbook. She found the art to be interesting and that the characters distinctive, comparing the series to Okayado's Monster Musume characters. Also on Anime News Network, Lynzee Loveridge listed the series at number four on a list of "7 Manga for Monster Girl Lovers".


12 Beast, Reception
Two volumes of the English translation have made it onto the New York Times Manga Best Sellers list:


12 Bit Blues
12 Bit Blues is a studio album by Canadian DJ Kid Koala. It was released on the Ninja Tune label on September 17, 2012. It peaked at number 21 on Billboard's Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart, as well as number 6 on the Blues Albums chart.


12 Bit Blues, Recording
The album was recorded on an E-mu SP-1200, a 1987 drum machine and sampler known for its use in early hip hop. On the album, Kid Koala used it to manipulate old blues recordings. In making the album, Kid Koala did not use sequencing software, choosing instead to layer tracks of scratching and cutting on top of the manipulated blues samples.


12 Bit Blues, Critical reception
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, 12 Bit Blues received an average score of 80% based on 9 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


12 Bit Blues, Critical reception
PopMatters named it the 6th best Canadian album of 2012.


12 Bloody Spies
12 Bloody Spies is a compilation album by American rock band Chevelle. The album was released on October 26, 2018 by Epic Records. The album consists of B-sides, rarities, covers, and remixes recorded between 2003 and 2016.


12 Bloody Spies, Background
The single, "Sleep Walking Elite", a B-side from the Vena Sera sessions, was released on September 27, 2018. On September 28, the compilation album was announced. The album's second single, "In Debt to the Earth," was released on October 12.


12 Bloody Spies, Background
The song, "Until You're Reformed", a B-side from the Wonder What's Next sessions, was originally released in 2003 on Daredevil: The Album. "Fizgig," a B-side from the Sci-Fi Crimes sessions, was originally released on the band's greatest hits album Stray Arrows: A Collection of Favorites in 2012.


12 Blues
12 Blues is a 10-acre private island located in the Maldives archipelago. This island is 90 miles north of Male and accessible by a 35-minute sea plane journey. 12 Blues is also the world's first hotel residences offered for sale by the government of the Maldives. On 11 October 2011, the President of the Republic of Maldives Mohamed Nasheed attended the groundbreaking of the 12 Blues, confirming the government's support for foreign investment in the Islands. The hotel residences were expected to open in 2012.


12 Books That Changed the World
12 Books That Changed the World is a book by Melvyn Bragg, published in 2006.


12 Boötis
12 Boötis is a spectroscopic binary in the constellation Boötes. It is approximately 122 light years from Earth.


12 Boötis
The primary component, 12 Boötis A, is a yellow-white F-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +4.82. The spectroscopic binary pair completes one orbit around its centre of mass once every 9.6045 days, with an estimated separation of 0.0035". A companion, 12 Boötis B, was reported with a separation of approximately one arcsecond in 1989, but subsequent surveys have repeatedly failed to detect this companion.


12 Byō
"12 Byō" (12秒, Jūni-byō, lit. "12 Seconds") is the fifth single by the Japanese girl idol group HKT48, released in Japan on April 22, 2015. It reached number one on the Oricon weekly singles chart. As of June 1, 2015, it had sold 296,698 copies.


12 Byō, Details
The centers in the title song are Haruka Kodama and Sakura Miyawaki. Haruka Kodama had previously had the center position in a HKT48 single (in the 4th single "Hikaeme I Love You! "), while for Sakura Miyawaki (who had already been a center in AKB48's 38th single "Kibōteki Refrain", together with Mayu Watanabe), it was the first center position in a single by HKT48.


12 Camelopardalis
12 Camelopardalis is a binary star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located 700 light years away from the Sun as determined from parallax measurements. It forms a double star with 11 Camelopardalis, which is only 3 arcminutes away. The system has the variable star designation BM Camelopardalis; 12 Camelopardalis is the Flamsteed designation. It is just visible to the naked eye, appearing as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.08. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −2 km/s.


12 Camelopardalis
Abt et al. (1969) determined this to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary system and computed an orbital solution with a period of 80.17 days and an eccentricity of 0.35. However, what appeared to be an ellipticity effect with a period of 79.93±0.05 d was found, which was inconsistent with the computed orbit, and the lack of modulation of the amplitude did not fit with the large orbital eccentricity. Hall et al. (1995) made additional measurements, finding an orbital period of 80.9 days and an eccentricity that is statistically indistinguishable from zero.


12 Camelopardalis
The visible component is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K0 IIIe, showing strong emission lines. It is an RS Canum Venaticorum variable and its brightness varies by 0.14 magnitudes with a period of 82.9 days due to starspots. The star is most likely rotating in synchronous manner with its orbital period. The magnetic activity has two overlapping cycles of 14.8 and 8.5 years, with the activity occurring at two latitudes. BM Cam emits X-rays and is the designated X-ray source 1H 0501+592. It has been detected by HEAO 1, the Einstein Observatory, and ROSAT.


12 Cancri
12 Cancri is a star in the zodiac constellation Cancer. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.25, placing just below the normal limit for stars visible to the naked eye in good seeing conditions. The star displays an annual parallax shift of 12.50 mas as seen from Earth's orbit, which places it at a distance of about 261 light-years. It is moving toward the Sun with a radial velocity of around −10 km/s.


12 Cancri
This is an ordinary F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F3 V, which indicates it is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 52 km/s and appears to be undergoing solar-like differential rotation with relative rate of α = 0.33±0.13. The star is about 2.5 billion years old with 1.16 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating nearly 18 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 6,357 K.


12 Canis Majoris
12 Canis Majoris is a variable star located 750 light years away from the Sun in the southern constellation of Canis Major. It has the variable star designation HK Canis Majoris; 12 Canis Majoris is the Flamsteed designation. This body is just barely visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of +6.07. It is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +16 km/s. This is the brightest star in the vicinity of the open cluster NGC 2287, although it is probably not a member based on its proper motion.


12 Canis Majoris
This star has a stellar classification of B7 II/III, matching a B-type giant/bright giant hybrid. (Cidale et al. (2007) show a class of B5 V, which would indicate it is instead a B-type main-sequence star.) It is a magnetic Bp star of the helium–weak variety (CP4), with the spectrum displaying evidence for vertical stratification of helium in the atmosphere. Samus et al. (2017) classify it as an SX Arietis variable that varies in brightness by about 0.05 magnitudes over a period of 2.18045 days. It has 1.25 times the mass of the Sun and 2.73 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 498 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,500 K.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road
12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road is a travelling interactive performance of the collection of essays entitled 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse by USA author Andrew Boyd published in 2017. The essays have been described as a "Vagina Monologues for the apocalypse". A UK group working  with Wales-based Community Interest Company Giraffe Social Enterprises began a travelling roadshow that used the Characters as a focus for encouraging communities to discuss how they are being affected by the climate emergency and called the roadshow 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Essay
The essay 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse was written by United States author Andrew Boyd and published April 2017 in issue 11 of The Dark Mountain Project. The title is a reference to the absurdist play Six Characters in Search of an Author by Luigi Pirandello. The 12 independent sections of the essay are each told from viewpoint of a very different person, living in the USA - "as diverse as America itself." Andrew has described these as Characters, Sketches, or A slice of inner life.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Essay
Boyd performed some of the Characters at the launch party for Dark Mountain Issue 11 held at Wild Goose Space in Bristol on 12 May 2017.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Essay
The essays are part of the larger project I Want a Better Catastrophe due out in early 2020.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Essay
As of December 2019, the essay has been translated into German, Arabic, Romanian, French, and Spanish.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Roadshow
In August 2017, a group from Giraffe Social Enterprises, a community interest company in Wales, began a travelling performance of the monologues to encourage community-wide conversations about the challenge of climate change. 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse ... On the Road has been performed venues as diverse as private homes, festivals, cafes, hacker conventions, intentional communities, and Quaker centers.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Roadshow
Because of significant amount of audience participation each gathering is distinct, depending on the combination of organizers, participants, and place. The first publicly advertised gathering happened in a private home on Kent Road in Portsmouth. Others have taken place at festivals, cafes, empty warehouses, and the largest yet took place on 4 December 2018 at the Woodbrooke Quaker Centre in Birmingham had 45 participants from 12 different countries and ranging from 4 to 70 years of age.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Roadshow
An organizer of On the Road describes the events as gatherings rather than performances or plays: "We've called them 'Gatherings' because we haven't found a more descriptive label that fits. They are half performances (we read the monologues and people listen for 45 minutes) and half conversations (in between every 3rd monologue there are interludes for neighbors to share with one another and after the readings are finished there is 90 minutes for an open hosted conversation). Currently my focus is learning how to assist people to share candidly and listen vulnerably during the conversation."


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Roadshow, Performances
The first trial performance happened in Norfolk in August 2017 and the first public performance happened on 13 October 2017, in Portsmouth. There have been 20+ gatherings in Wales, England, and Scotland to date with most events taking place in private homes, some in cafes and at schools Ysgol Dewi Sant, in Wales. Since the translation of the Characters was added to the Open Source Transifex translation site, the event began to spread internationally. And as of January 2020 there have been gatherings hosted in the USA, Germany, Spain, Romania, Austria, and Australia.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Activism
In May 2018, activists from the eXtinction Rebellion participated at a gathering in Bristol and were inspired by the performances. They began to use 12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse alongside their normal information talks as a way of inspiring people to be concerned about the dire state of human culture's current trajectory. The 23 October 2018 gathering in Glastonbury is the only known gathering hosted by eXtinction Rebellion team.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Follow-up book
Boyd is writing a book called I Want a Better Catastrophe: 69 Paradoxes for Surviving the 21st Century, which will include the 12 Characters essay and is intended to be published early 2020.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Characters
Andrew Boyd refers to the individual sections of the essay as Characters or perspectives or slices of inner life. Each is a unique, narrow viewpoint of how a particular individual alive in 2017 experiences climate change. The original 12 characters published in Dark Mountain issue 11 are all extremely USA-centric and they all believe climate change is real and that it is a critical problem. Only the Character If it gets too bad, God will intervene released as one of the seven additional Characters doesn't believe that climate change is a serious problem.


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Characters, Original Characters
The original Characters included in the Dark Mountain publication were:


12 Characters in Search of an Apocalypse: On the Road, Characters, Additional Characters
Andrew Boyd published a further 7 Characters on his website in 2018:


12 Citizens
12 Citizens (Chinese: 十二公民) is a 2014 Chinese suspense crime drama film directed by Xu Ang. It was shown at the 2014 Rome Film Festival on October 19, 2014 and was released in China on May 15, 2015. The plot is based on and heavily references the plot of the 1954 teleplay Twelve Angry Men by Reginald Rose. The major changes in the plot are changes brought forward and made more appropriate for a Chinese audience.


12 Citizens, Plot
On a hot summer's day, 12 male "citizens" undergo a mock jury for a law school's Western law subject. The mock jury need to decide whether a boy is guilty or not of a murder of his father with a knife based on the evidence. The evidence prepared by the students of the course seems airtight and therefore it seems as if the jury will render him guilty of the crime. However, one juror does not follow the consensus and appreciates the nuances and seriousness of the verdict.


12 Citizens, Plot
His motives are unclear but he wants to entertain the thought that there is reasonable doubt about the guilt of the boy. As a result, the evidence is slowly cross-referenced and examined. Conflicts are spurred as a result of their differing personalities and strong opinions. Eventually, one by one, the jurors are convinced that there is reasonable doubt and judge the boy to be not guilty. On the end of the mock jury trial, the jurors are visibly exhausted. The juror who had rebelled and wanted to see the case through is revealed to be a prosecutor of the People's Republic of China.


12 Citizens, Reception
By May 16, 2015 the film had grossed CN¥2.07 million at the Chinese box office.


12 Citizens, Reception
On Film Business Asia, Derek Elley gave the film a 9 out of 10, saying it "is superbly written and played."


12 Citizens, Reception
In The Hollywood Reporter, Deborah Young comments on the ending of the movie, stating that "one can take issue with the glib final revelation about Juror No. 8, which rather explodes the film’s progressive democracy-by-the-people facade".


12 Classics (Bryn Haworth album)
12 Classics is the sixth studio album by Bryn Haworth released in 1981 and is a compilation of songs previously released on two of his earlier albums.


12 Comae Berenices
12 Comae Berenices is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It is the brightest member of the Coma Cluster and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.80. Although listed as a suspected variable star, there is no photometric evidence of it being variable in luminosity. However, the radial velocity was found to be variable, as announced by W. W. Campbell in 1910. The first orbital solution was published by Vinter Hansen in the 1940s. It is a double-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 396.5 days and an eccentricity of 0.566.


12 Comae Berenices
This system consists of two stars, an evolved F-type giant star and a smaller but higher temperature A-type main-sequence star. Griffin and Griffin (2011) suggested that the secondary component may have begun its evolution away from the main sequence, and instead assigned it a luminosity class of IV. The primary, designated component A, has 2.6 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 8.9 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 56 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,300 K. Its companion, component B, has double the Sun's mass and 2.5 times the radius. It shines with 30 times the luminosity of the Sun at 8,500 K.


12 Concerti a cinque (Albinoni)
12 Concerti a cinque (op. 9) is a collection of concertos by the Italian composer Tomaso Albinoni, published in 1722.


12 Concerti a cinque (Albinoni)
The most famous piece from Albinoni's Opus 9 is the Concerto in D minor for oboe (Opus 9, Number 2). It is known for its slow movement. This concerto is probably the second best-known work of Albinoni after the Adagio in G minor (which was once believed to be a reconstruction based on a fragment by Albinoni).


12 Concerti a cinque (Albinoni)
The concertos were dedicated to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, and were first published by Michel-Charles Le Cène in Amsterdam. It is possible, but not certain, that they were written in the Elector's court during a 1722 visit there by Albinoni during performances of his theatrical compositions. These are perhaps his most recognizable works.


12 Concerti a cinque (Albinoni), External links[edit source]
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12 Corazones
12 Corazones (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdose koɾaˈsones], 12 Hearts) is a Spanish-language dating game show produced in the United States for the television network Telemundo since January 2005, based on its namesake Argentine TV show format The show is filmed in Los Angeles and revolves around the twelve Zodiac signs that identify each contestant. The show is hosted by Penélope Menchaca and features advice from co-host Maximiliano Palacio, an  Argentine former soccer player turned actor, and Edward'O, an astrologist; Palacio and Edward'O often appear alternately in some episodes and simultaneously in others.


12 Corazones
In August 2009, Telemundo added English subtitles as closed captions on CC3, airing on Universo in that format.


12 Corazones, Show format
The show consists of 12 contestants divided into two groups (usually four males and eight females, but sometimes vice versa). Each of the contestants is identified and referred to by his/her Zodiac sign. In between segments, Maximiliano Palacio offers love and relationship advice to the contestants.


12 Corazones, Nature of the show
Most episodes commonly feature a themed format, often involving the contestants (and often, host Penelope Menchaca, as well) in costume; themes used on 12 Corazones include beach-themed episodes in which contestants appear in beachwear, and a beauty pageant-style themed episodes, among others.


12 Corazones, Nature of the show, First segment
After their introduction, the males interact in a mock play, or they are asked to perform a stunt, usually for their ridicule (sing a song, recite a goofy poem, etc.) Then, the host begins a roundtable of discussion on a certain subject. After this is finished, the first group is taken out of the room and the second group decide to eliminate one of their contestants.


12 Corazones, Nature of the show, Second segment
On the second segment, a chosen male or female from the main group is eliminated. Soon afterward, the male or female suitors are introduced (identified by their astrological sign, hometown and occupation; though this portion sometimes is not included), the host then chooses a contestant of each group to interact in a closer way, for example dancing, kissing, etc. To decide what kind of interaction will take place, the host uses some sort of game like a "roulette of kisses", or two special dice. This is followed by a second roundtable of discussion. Then, each of the male contestants eliminates a female contestant of the other group. This leaves only three contestants in the main group and five contestants on the group of suitors.


12 Corazones, Nature of the show, Final segment
For the final segment, the host picks a contestant of the second group who is supposed to pick their heart among the male or female contestants. The contestant chosen has the option to accept or reject.


12 Corazones, Nature of the show, Final segment
The rules of the show allow the contestant of the second group to pick their heart among the contestants from the first group who have already chosen another person from the second group (an example occurred in an episode originally broadcast on January 20, 2011, in which the same male contestant was chosen by each of the five remaining female suitors; the male contestant chose each of the females, effectively rejecting the previously chosen females in the process, also as per the rules of the show).


12 Corazones, Nature of the show, Final segment
Instances in which a person from the first group chooses the person from the second over the person they have already chosen do occur from time to time, but less commonly in episodes in which the first group consists of four females at the start of the show.


12 Corazones, Winner
When the couples are chosen (usually 1-3 couples) the audience votes for their favorite. The host Penélope Menchaca then calls the winner by the color chair they are sitting in. The winners get a free paid date courtesy of the show. When the winner is chosen they get to kiss again in front of the stage which concludes the program.


12 Corazones: Rumbo al Altar
12 Corazones: Rumbo al Altar (12 Hearts: Heading to the Altar) is a one-hour, weekend spin-off of Telemundo’s weekday daytime game show 12 Corazones. Hosted by Penélope Menchaca, the show features 12 engaged partners (6 couples) competing for weekly prizes to jump-start their lives together and a chance to win the grand prize of a dream wedding.


12 Crass Songs
12 Crass Songs is the fourth album by anti-folk artist Jeffrey Lewis. It was released on October 1, 2007 on Rough Trade Records. The title is literal, as all 12 songs on the album were written and first recorded by the band Crass.


12 Crass Songs, Origin
In a 2013 interview with Audio Antihero Records, Jeffrey Lewis explained his motivation for the album:


12 Crass Songs, Origin
I do love Crass, and I also wanted some of those songs to be enjoyable to people who don’t only want to listen to early 80s hardcore punk. At a certain period in history it might have been crucial for Crass to get those songs across by tying them to a certain attitude and style, but in a different period that attitude and style becomes a barrier to the songs, it holds the songs back instead of pushing the songs onwards.


12 Crass Songs, Origin
Not everything is like that – I mean, nobody needs to do an album of indie-rock versions of Led Zeppelin songs, but Crass has such an extreme case of extreme style AND extreme substance, I wanted to see what the substance could do if it was removed from the style. In Led Zeppelin the style and the substance sort of have to go hand in hand, and if you mess with that then you’re just creating a joke, like Dred Zeppelin, or those lounge covers of Stairway to Heaven, etc., etc.


12 Crass Songs, Origin
The original Crass recordings are totally great and impossible to make any better, but the substance is strong enough to outlive that. Songs of moral rebellion are great, people all over the world sing Bob Marley songs and Bob Dylan songs and Woody Guthrie songs and stuff like that, there’s no reason why they shouldn’t sing Crass songs too.


12 Dates of Christmas
12 Dates of Christmas is a television film starring Amy Smart and Mark-Paul Gosselaar. It premiered on ABC Family on December 11, 2011 in their 25 Days of Christmas programming block. It is directed by James Hayman. The movie depicts Smart as Kate, a woman insensitive to the feelings of others and who wants to return to a past relationship, and Gosselaar as Miles, a widower who hopes to find a new romantic partner. After Kate blows off her blind date with Miles on Christmas Eve, she discovers she is stuck in a time-loop, giving her 12 chances to mature, improve her relationships with others, and find romance with Miles.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
Kate Stanton is an advertising agent resentful about her life. Months after her mother died, her boyfriend Jack broke up with her. Now a year later, her father Mike has a new girlfriend Sally. On Christmas Eve, Kate plans to win back Jack, though her best friend Miyoko is concerned she is denying reality. Kate visits a department store, passing a display of a partridge in a pear tree. She is accidentally sprayed in the face with perfume, then falls and loses consciousness. She awakes to see a store manager and a man named Jim checking on her.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
She goes to Nick's Bar, passing by a man named Toby, where she meets architect Miles Dufine, a blind date set up by Sally. Kate is rude and leaves the date to meet Jack, only to learn he has a new girlfriend Nancy. Kate joins Mike and Sally for a family Christmas dinner. Sally remarks Kate lost a chance at romance with Miles and can't change the past. At midnight, time rewinds.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
Kate again wakes up in the department store, confused how she is experiencing the same day. Two children dressed as turtle doves run down the sidewalk. She tries harder to win over Jack, only to now learn he's planning to propose to Nancy. She meets Miles again but storms off when he mentions a wife. Sally explains he is a widower and his wife Laura died a year ago. At midnight, Kate witnesses time moving backwards, returning her to the department store.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the third day, after seeing chefs carrying three cooked hens, Kate asks Jack about their relationship. Approaching Miles anonymously, she learns more about him. She spends the evening with her neighbor Margine Frumkin, learning how to bake.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the fourth day, Kate finds Jack at a jewelry store where a display has four calling birds. She accepts their relationship is over. Kate meets Leigh, whose boyfriend Rich has an annual tradition of making a Christmas display for her. They spend the day together and Kate has a late night meeting with Miles. When she sees Toby again, who is consistently waiting for a blind date, Kate thinks he may be causing the time loop. She confronts him, ruining her date with Miles.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the fifth day, Kate thanks Jim for always checking on her, then walks past a display case of Five Golden Rings perfume. Rather than wait for her blind date, she spends the day with Miles. At the family dinner, Kate realizes Sally and Mike do love each other. At mass, Kate admits her deep fear of being alone.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the sixth day, Kate wakes up and is visibly overwhelmed. Sympathizing, Jim takes her to the botanical gardens where they pass by six children wearing goose hats. The two get to know each other and Kate decides she can do whatever she wants since reality will reboot. She misses her date in order to bake with Margine, Leigh, and Miyoko.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the seventh day, Kate borrows lights from Rich, who is standing near seven plastic swans. This time, she asks Miles what he would like to do for their date. Miles invites her to the hockey rink where he regularly coaches the Lords, a team of children from a group home. One of the kids, Michael, ran away earlier in the day. Miles and Kate ice skate, then visit Prospect Park where she arranged a light display. The two are about to share a kiss when midnight strikes.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the eighth day, Kate tells Jack she's moved past their relationship. Jack invites Kate for a cup of coffee at a cafe where a label shows eight maids milking. Jack reveals he had intended to propose to Kate in the past but she changed after her mother died, becoming obsessive and narrow-focused on what her life should be like. Kate realizes she was in love with marriage more than Jack. At Christmas dinner, Kate realizes Jack never bought an engagement ring and panics, ruining her date with Miles. She later learns Jack proposed without a ring.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the ninth day, Kate is concerned she will never have a relationship with Miles. She goes to the bar early, where nine ladies are dancing, and drinks with Toby.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the tenth day, Kate suggests Rich use his light display to propose to Leigh. She spots young Michael, who wears his Lords hockey sweatshirt (#10). She chases him but he leaps over a barrier and vanishes.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the eleventh day, Kate finds Michael. She reunites him with Miles, then shares an anonymous date with the architect. A delivery truck advertises an 11-inch pizza from Pied Pipers of Pizza.


12 Dates of Christmas, Plot
On the twelfth day, Kate walks by a display of 12 nutcrackers with drums. She helps Rich propose to Leigh, then plays matchmaker by introducing Margine to Jim and Toby to Miyoko. She invites all six to her family dinner. She briefly tells Jack she wishes him well in his new relationship, and convinces her sister's family to join the dinner. Meeting with Miles, the two quickly hit if off and then find Michael together, after which the kids from the group home also join the dinner. Impressed with Kate, Miles tells her he feels as if he's known her his whole life. The two finally share a kiss. Kate is overjoyed to see reality does not reboot at midnight.


12 Dates of Christmas, Music and theme song
"Angels Are Singing" is a song performed by American recording artist Jordin Sparks, and serves as the theme song of 12 Dates of Christmas. It was released as a digital download on November 27, 2011 on iTunes and Amazon.com.


12 Dates of Christmas, Critical reception
In Us Weekly, John Griffiths wrote, "This holiday romance steals a page from Groundhog Day and runs with it.... It's a sweet, wacky... and nicely woven journey, with the endearing Smart adding an extra twinkle."


12 Dates of Christmas, Critical reception
On Common Sense Media, Emily Ashby said, "... 12 Dates of Christmas works in a sappy-sweet, opposites-attract love plot that just happens to take place on Christmas Eve. This holiday tie-in bolsters what's otherwise a lukewarm story marked by a handful of funny moments and the requisite romantic ones. There's little that's remarkable about the story itself, but that doesn't mean the mostly predictable ending won't leave you feeling warm and fuzzy nonetheless."


12 Days
12 Days is a debut graphic novel/global manga written and illustrated by June Kim. Basing the plot partially on a story told to her by a stranger, Kim began an early version of 12 Days as a sophomore in college to help herself cope with the end of a relationship. After moving on emotionally with her break-up, she stopped developing the comic and later left South Korea to attend the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan, New York, United States, from which she graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in cartooning.


12 Days
Following her successful pitch of 12 Days to manga publisher Tokyopop, she resumed work on it in early 2005 and finished in the middle of August 2006. 12 Days focuses on Jackie Yuen, who decides to drink the ashes of her former lover for twelve days in beverages as a way to cope with her grief over her death.


12 Days
Tokyopop published 12 Days in North America on 7 November 2006, to generally positive reviews. Critics praised the manga for its mature portrayal of grief and relationships, and its realistic artwork, although the choice of print for the dialogue was considered distracting. Reviewers also discussed the comic's treatment of the issues of love, loss, and lesbian elements. In May 2011, Tokyopop shut down its North American publishing branch, with the status of its original, global manga titles left unclear.


12 Days, Plot
For the first eight chapters, 12 Days centers on Jackie Yuen, a 29-year-old part Cantonese and part Korean editor. After the death of her former lover, the Korean American school nurse Noah Yoon, she decides to drink her ashes over twelve days in beverages as a way of coping with her grief. Nicholas "Nick" Yoon, Noah's younger half brother, steals some of Noah's ashes for her to use, and soon joins her in mourning.


12 Days, Plot
She reminisces on how she met her and became involved in a lesbian relationship; however, Noah ended their relationship to marry a man to appease her father, and died returning from her honeymoon in a car accident a month ago. As Jackie continues her ritual, she begins to feel ill and eventually faints. Nick takes her to the hospital, where she recovers.


12 Days, Plot
On New Year's Day, she parts from Nick and returns to her apartment to find that he has taken the engagement ring she had wanted to give Noah, and unknown to her, he mixes it in with the remaining ashes. 12 Days concludes with "Chapter 0", set before the events in the rest of the comic: Noah finds Nick studying for exams, and they briefly discuss Artemisia II of Caria, an ancient Greek queen who drank the ashes of her husband. Noah then hints that she has found someone whose ashes she would drink.


12 Days, Style and issues
June Kim, the author and illustrator for 12 Days, primarily drew the artwork in the realism style, although she occasionally rendered characters as super-deformed versions of themselves. While the cover art incorporates red and silver coloring, the artwork primarily appears in black and white, with occasional gray shading. Kim used pen and ink as the artistic medium, then toned her art with the software application ComicStudio. For the narrative, she explores the characters' pasts through dreams, and periodic, nonlinear flashbacks. Several character traits, such as Jackie's chocolate allergy, are presented to the reader through inference rather than exposition. Additionally, Kim uses a brief, untranslated Korean song alongside the predominantly English text.


12 Days, Style and issues
Critics have focused on the issues of love and loss. 12 Days primarily deals with "a love affair and its aftermath," according to Dirk Deppey of The Comics Journal. He considered it "a meditation on loss," which explores "a relationship neither fully ended nor easily forgotten by either party." Theron Martin of Anime News Network considered it a story about "trying to find a way to cope with a devastating loss".


12 Days, Style and issues
According to Katherine Dacey, the former senior manga editor for PopCultureShock, 12 Days contains "lovely, quiet observations about the way we grieve, define family, express desire, and remember moments of hurt and betrayal." Johanna Draper Carlson, a reviewer for Publishers Weekly, wrote that Jackie's action of consuming the ashes serves as "a transition period, a way to indulge her grief and then a time to be able to be herself again." AfterEllen.com's editor-in-chief Karman Kregloe stated that the comic "explores the impact of loss, and how relationships are supported and broken in times of grief."


12 Days, Style and issues
To a lesser extent, critics also discussed the lesbian aspect. Martin felt that the lesbian element of 12 Days had been addressed, without becoming overstated. Casey Brienza, a fellow reviewer for Anime News Network, suggested that the shame Jackie and Noah felt as lesbians "ultimately destroyed their relationship." In her comparison of Alison Bechdel's 2006 graphic memoir Fun Home and 12 Days, Erica Friedman, the founder of the lesbian-themed anime convention Yuricon, considered neither story to be "lesbian narratives", but rather "narratives of grief, of relationships and of missed opportunities for communication and closeness."


12 Days, Production
Partially modeled on a story told to Kim by a stranger, 12 Days began during her sophomore year in college as a way of coping with the end of a relationship. Kim soon abandoned the unfinished comic after moving on emotionally from the breakup, and considered the early concept "poorly built." After completing her junior year in college in Seoul, South Korea, where she had been studying Japanese language and literature, Kim moved to New York, United States.


12 Days, Production
There, she attended the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan, New York, for four years, and graduated in 2002 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in cartooning. In addition to illustrating the cover of Australian rock band Jet's 2003 debut album Get Born, she had three of her short comics published in anthologies: "SheepSheepSleep" (2003) in Broad Appeal, "B-612" (2003/4) in New Thing Vol.2, and "Repeat" (2005) in SheWolf Vol.1.


12 Days, Production
At the 2004 San Diego Comic-Con International, she encountered now-former Tokyopop editors Mark Paniccia and Lillian M. Diaz-Przybyl, who helped to pitch 12 Days to their publisher. Kim later expressed surprise for her successful pitch of 12 Days, and commented: "It made me believe there is room for diverse stories." Resuming work on 12 Days in early 2005, Kim felt that her "slow speed, other projects and family matters" delayed its production.


12 Days, Production
Additionally, the South Korean-native Kim, who speaks Korean, English, and Japanese fluently, would think of ideas in Korean that did not translate well over to English, ultimately leading her to change her method of thinking for the comic. She considered her creation of a global manga "a bit ironic," because she "wanted to do something different from manhwa or manga," which she had grown up around. Completed in the middle of August 2006, 12 Days was published by Tokyopop in North America in November of the same year. However, in May 2011, Tokyopop shut down its North American branch, with the status of global manga titles left unclear. 12 Days is also published in Germany by Tokyopop Germany.


12 Days, Reception
12 Days received generally positive reviews from critics. Caroline Ryder of The Advocate, a LGBT-interest magazine, highlighted 12 Days as "a dark, deeply emotional graphic novel." Brienza complimented Kim's artistic attention to the background and setting's details, and summed up the comic as "a sensitive depiction of lesbians that strives for literariness". While not personally enjoying the comic, Friedman considered it "excellent and well worth reading." Noting the potentially confusing flashbacks, Martin stated: "12 Days doesn't easily fall into any of the normal manga (or manga-like) categories.


12 Days, Reception
It avoids any kind of sensationalism in providing a mature piece about a difficult topic, which may limit its appeal but certainly makes it worth reading." While Deppey praised it as "an ambitious and partly satisfying work that very nearly succeeds," he considered it not "as daring or complex a work" as Fun Home. Although Dacey disliked the backgrounds and the "self-consciously literary" ashes-in-beverages aspect, she enjoyed the plot and Kim's use of naturalism in her artwork. She later placed it on her list of the top ten global manga.


12 Days, Reception
Draper Carlson recommended it, commenting: "The emotions the book carries will be familiar to anyone who's suffered a loss in love. It's a work to meditate on." Conversely, A. E. Sparrow of IGN wrote that the story sacrificed its coherency in its attempt "for a deeper level of understanding"; Sparrow concluded: "12 Days is simply trying too hard, burying some absolutely beautiful illustrations in a sea of chaotic storytelling."


12 Days of Brumalia
The 12 Days of Brumalia was an internet event presented by The Residents in 2004 through their website residents.com that resulted in an album of the same name. For 12 days, starting on December 25, a new song was posted on residents.com web site along with an illustration and a quote. On the 13th day, The Residents presented the epic musical work, The Feast of Epiphany.


12 Days of Brumalia
Homer Flynn of The Cryptic Corp has stated "The Brumalia songs were a present for those who visited the site every day. It is not for those who didn't. It is not a gift for the world. Think about it, the Brumalia songs would still be on residents.com if we wished to have them shared. They should not be archived and shared."


12 Days of Brumalia
Ralph America collected the audio track for a CD release in the summer of 2004.


12 Days of Brumalia
The 12 Days of Brumalia was reissued in November 2014 as a compilation with Prelude to "The Teds".


12 Days of Terror
12 Days of Terror is a 2004 television film directed by Jack Sholder and starring Colin Egglesfield, Mark Dexter, Jenna Harrison and John Rhys-Davies. Based on a true story, it revolves around the 1916 Jersey shark attacks, as recounted in the book of the same name by Richard Fernicola, in which a juvenile great white shark begins a series of attacks that takes place of the course of 12 days in New Jersey. It premiered on Animal Planet, and later on The Discovery Channel.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
On July 1st, 1916 in New Jersey during WWI, local lifeguard Alex Trednot (Colin Egglesfield) watches over one of the beaches. After being approached by best friend Stanley Fisher (Mark Dexter) and ex-girlfriend Alice (Jenna Harrison) on his opinion for a wedding cake as well as grilling fellow lifeguard Danny Bruder (Jean Michel Joubert), Alex rushes to save beachgoer Charles Van Sand, whom is being attacked by an unseen force. Alex and four other lifeguards rush to save him and find his left leg injured.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
Alex believes it was a shark, but because he didn't see it clearly, his story is dismissed and the beaches remain opened. However, a local boat Captain (John Rhys-Davies) believes Alex, having hunted sharks much of his life. Alex visits a clothing store to convince Mayor Perillo (Patrick Lyster) to close the beaches, but he says he cannot unless the experts confirm it's a shark. This disappoints Alex.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
Later that evening, President Woodrow Wilson visits to the Jersey Shore (which is his home town) and gives a speech about change and safety from war. Commissioner Meel (Paul Ditchfiel), Alex's boss, once again assures Alex the attack won't happen again. Alice comes to Alex and asks him that, despite being happy for both her and Stan, if he has any regrets, to which he asks her the same. On July 7th, the day after Charles Van Sand died and six days since the attack, many more people came to the beaches.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
When Danny goes out to retrieve two swimmers venturing too far from shore, he is attacked by the shark. Alex and other divers go to rescue him, but both his legs are gone and he dies. Alex approaches Meel and berates him, reminding him of what he said and how wrong he was. Alex quits as a result.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
In New York City, wild animal wrangler Michael Schleisser (Jamie Bartlett) reads about the shark attacks and decides to go to New Jersey to find the shark. At a press conference, Museum Director Dr. Frederick Lucas (Roger Dwyer) and Ichthyologist Dr. John Nichols (Colin Stinton) address they're investigating the shark attacks and that precautions are being taken to prevent another shark attack. Meanwhile, Alex had been missing for two days. Stan finds him in a restaurant and tries to convince him to retake his job.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
But Alex refuses, saying he won't work for someone willing to let people get hurt for good business. After Stan leaves, Captain comes to Alex and offers him a job to help put up steal nets to prevent another shark attack. While putting the fence together, one of the people on Captain’s boat thinks he sees the shark and fires into the water, unintentionally hitting one of the divers.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
With the steal net in place, the beaches reopen. Schleisser eventually arrives in the Jersey Shore. A group of boys ask Stan to help them play baseball. Alex and Stan have a talk and the two forgive each other. Dr. Nichols meets with Alex and asks him about the shark. Elsewhere in a basket factory, Lester works on putting baskets together. His friends ask him to join them in the river, but Lester is working and isn't off yet until his dad says so. Captain stands atop a bridge and notices the shark swimming into Matawan Creek, up river. He makes a call about it, but is deemed crazy.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
Captain goes up the river, eventually reaching a small town and tries to warn everybody to stay way from the river. However, Lester and his friends are attacked by the shark. Stan and his friends run to the river to save Lester. However, they do not find him. Captain finds Alex and warns him about the shark. Hours pass and even when putting a net to catch the boy, they still don’t find the boy. The shark is still around and scrapes one of the men searching for Lester. Stan's friends give up, but Stan stays inside to find him.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
After a few moments, he finally finds Lester. The next instant, the shark attacks and Stan drops the boy. Alex beats the shark with a pebble, it lets go of Stan and swims away downstream back to the ocean. While Captain follows the shark, Alex rushes to get Stan to a doctor.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
A mother having a picnic with her daughters notices the shark coming downstream and notices a group of boys swimming. She tries to warn them, but one of them is attacked. Captain arrives in time and rams the shark, forcing it to release the boy. The shark swims away. While on a train on his way to a hospital, Stan dies from shock and bloodless. This event saddens both Alex and Alice. Men and women launch dynamite and fire winchesters into the river to strike at the shark. Later, on July 12th, Captain apparently "captured" the shark.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
Alex goes into a hotel and consults with Dr. Nicholes, who confirms that Alex is looking for a juvenile great white shark, although he considers the possibility of it being a bull shark since it swam upriver. Nicholes tells Alex to find the shark where it has been successful, but not to find it alone.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
Alex meets Michael Schleisser and asks him about the shark. He confirms that he is not willing to kill the shark for money and doesn't want anyone else to be killed. Alex approaches Captain and confirms with him the shark he killed is the wrong shark. Feeling sympathy for the Captain since people called him crazy, Alex says that they can find the real shark. Alex and Captain go together to kill the shark. While searching for and even encountering the shark, Captain and Alex meet with Schleisser, who has a net under his small boat to capture the shark.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
The shark finally appears and gets itself caught in the net. It tows Schleisser in its net, hoping it will tire itself out and die. At one point it stops and tips Schleisser over. Alex and Captain manage to save Schleisser and Alex traps the shark even more before it can escape. After several hours, the shark dies from exhaustion.


12 Days of Terror, Plot
The group takes the shark back to land and hang it up for everybody to see. Dr. Nichols confirms it to be a juvenile great white. Alex asks Dr. Nichols about becoming an ichthyologist and says to meet him in his office. After that, Alex and Alice get back together. After the shark was finally captured offshore, an autopsy was performed, and it is said that 15 pounds of human flesh with bones were found in its stomach. In the end, four people were killed, a fifth badly injured, and Lester's remains were never recovered. Because a propensity for human flesh is unnatural in sharks, scientists are still investigating why this shark did what it did.


12 Deadly Days
12 Deadly Days is a 2016 American comedy horror anthology series produced exclusively for YouTube Red, it was created by Chris Cullari and Jennifer Raite and starred Anna Akana, Jon Fletcher, J. Claude Deering, and Kaitlin Doubleday and other Internet personalities. The series premiered on December 12, 2016. The season finale was released on December 22, 2016. The 12 episodes series is produced by Blumhouse Television and Dakota Pictures.


12 Deadly Days
The series is set in the cursed town of Saturn, California, during the 12 days leading up to Christmas. Filmed in Pomona, CA.


12 Discípulos
12 Discípulos (English: 12 Disciples) is the fifth studio album by Puerto Rican recording artist Eddie Dee. It was released on January 29, 2004 and independently distributed by Diamond Music. 12 Discípulos features eleven other reggaeton musicians, who were among the most requested in the genre at the time. These include Daddy Yankee, along with Ivy Queen, Tego Calderón, Voltio, Vico C, Zion & Lennox, Nicky Jam, Johnny Prez, Gallego, and Wiso G.


12 Discípulos
The album features production collaborations with several Puerto Rican music producers including DJ Adam, DJ David, DJ Urba & Monserrate, Ecko, Gran Omar, Luny Tunes, Mr. G, The Majestic, Noriega, Rafi Mercenario and Santana. Recording and production occurred in Dee's home studio in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, during much of late 2003.


12 Discípulos
The album spawned four singles, the lead which included all twelve of the featured performers. It was followed by "Punto y Aparte", "Si Tu No Cuidas Tu Mujer" and "Taladro". On the Billboard Latin Albums chart, the album peaked at number five, on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart, it peaked at number one for three inconsecutive weeks. It also managed to reach number eighteen on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The album's commercial success promoted Machete Music to pick up the album for a special edition rerelease on December 13, 2005.


12 Discípulos, Background
Prior to releasing 12 Discípulos, Eddie Dee had previously released four studio albums, Eddie Dee and the Ghetto Crew (1993), Tagwut (1997),  El Terrorista De La Lírica (2000) and 2001's Biografía. Dee began making television appearances dancing and performing in 1993. Three years later, Dee released his debut studio album Eddie Dee and the Ghetto Crew. Following the album, he began gaining popularity within Puerto Rico by collaborating with other artists. 1997's Tagwut featured the hit single, "Senor Oficial". The song detailed "the injustices that young Puerto Rican men suffered at the hands of the police." It was a commercial success, reaching number one in Puerto Rico. The record won him the Puerto Rican Rap and Reggae Award for Best Lyrics of 1997. His two subsequent studio albums also enjoyed underground success. Dee then began recording material for his fifth studio album.


12 Discípulos, Recording and production
Eddie Dee himself installed a recording studio inside his own home in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, where the album was recorded and produced. Production of the album was handled by a variety of Puerto Rican musical producers. It included production from DJ Adam, DJ David, DJ Urba & Monserrate, Ecko, Gran Omar, Luny Tunes, Mr. G, The Majestic, Noriega, Rafi Mercenario and Santana.


12 Discípulos, Recording and production
Executive production for the track "Que Es La Que Hay" was handled by Ivy Queen and overall executive production was handled by Eddie Dee and Iván Joy for Diamond Music. The vocals of Glory and Valerie Morales were used in the recording and production of some of the songs off the album. Esteban Piñero served as the album's mastering engineer. The album's creative design was handled by Holly Chen and photography was taken by Gary Bonderenko.


12 Discípulos, Release and promotion
12 Discípulos was independently released physically on January 29, 2004 by Diamond Music in the United States and Puerto Rico. It was released two days after the release of Ivy Queen's Diva Platinum Edition. Due to the album's commercial success, the album was picked by Machete Music and re-released on December 13, 2005. It was released digitally on July 25, 2009.


12 Discípulos, Release and promotion
The album's lead single was performed live at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2005. The performance began with a video presentation of Héctor Lavoe's 1972 hit "Quitate Tu Pa' Ponerme Yo". It was then followed by Gallego introducing the song with "Those were the masters, we are the twelve disciples". Amid screams, Vico C followed delivering his verse. Eddie Dee followed who was succeeded by an unexpected Tego Calderón. One by one, Voltio and Zion sang the chorus. Ivy Queen then delivered her verse, which according to Univision, made her the queen of the night. She was followed by Johnny Prez, Tito "El Bambino" and Lennox. The performance ended with a standing ovation from the public. During the performance, each performer wore a shirt with a picture of the salsa singer in which they most identified with.


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
The album opens with "Intro – 12 Discípulos" ("Intro – 12 Disciples"), in which all twelve featured artists collaborated. They were united "as one on a reggaetón track and showed that unity is needed for this genre to evolve and survive". The song's musical aesthetics lean heavily toward salsa. "Cuando Es" ("When Is It? "), performed by Eddie Dee, features sensual vocals by Glory. Dee opened the door for Glory, as she later was featured on "collaborations with the genre's most important and influential recording artists." "Donde Hubo Fuego" ("Where There Was Fire") is performed by Daddy Yankee.


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
The song also features vocals by Glory, along with vocals by Valerie Morales. Following Morales’ success with her debut single "Te Exitare", she was contacted by Dee who told her he wanted her to sing on a song from him. This was turned into "Donde Hubo Fuego". Raymond Acosta also contributes his vocals to the chorus of "Donde Hubo Fuego". The song is followed by Tego Calderón's "Punto y Aparte" ("Final and Apart"). Lyrically, Calderón explains that his style is from the street, but at the same time elegant. The song speaks of violence in Puerto Rican projects. The song has been covered by several artists including Abaya on his 2005 album Pura Cosa Buena, Boricua Boys on their third studio album Urban vs Reggaetón (2005), and Los Reggaetronics on their debut studio album 50 Best of Reggaetón (2009).


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
"Se Te Apagó El Bling Bling" ("Your Bling-Bling Got Turned Off") is performed by Vico C. On the special edition release of the album, the track appears remixed by DJ Adam. Zion & Lennox's "Tienes Que Hacerlo" (You Have To Do It) is featured as track six and appears remixed by Santana on the special edition release of the album. "Tu y Yo" ("You and I"), performed by Nicky Jam, follows with a running time of two minutes and forty-two seconds. Eddie Dee's "Si Tu


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
No Cuidas Tu Mujer" ("If You Don’t Take Care of Your Woman") serves as the album's third single. The song's lyrics advise to take care of your woman, or another man will. Eddie Dee sings "The one who conquers the one you love, he'll keep your chair, your plate, your bathroom, your home, your woman, and you bed. It'll be too late when you realize, that what she told you was true. And that someone will be the one to see how your children grow up". Raymond Acosta also contributed his vocals to "Si Tu No Cuidas Tu Mujer".


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
Voltio follows with "Atrevida Bandolera" ("Bold Outlaw"). The song also appears on the special edition release remixed by Santana. The lone female performer on the album delivers "Que Es La Que Hay" (What's It Gonna Be? ), produced by Noriega and Rafi Mercenario. Lyrically, Ivy Queen reassures that she can handle her own in any situation that may arise.


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
In the lyrics, she tells someone to "Go tell your friend not to fuck with the bitch, she is mistaken, and is looking for a war, tell her we'll give it to her real hard, I walk with my combo, and are they are crazy to be loosed". Ivy Queen explained to the Dominican Times, that the song is proof of her inner strength as a person. She continued by saying that "this philosophy is the present reality that we live in the world and especially in Puerto Rico". The song was later featured on Machete Music's Reggaetón Diamond Collection (2005), which peaked at number fifty-seven on the Billboard Latin Albums chart and number twelve on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Albums chart.


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
Johnny Prez is featured next with "Nebuleando Conmigo" ("Conspiring With Me"). Veteran reggaetón recording artist Wiso G appears with "Medley 2004". Eddie Dee closes the album with "Sácame El Guante" ("Get The Glove Off Me"), in which Lennox contributes his vocals. "Censuarme" performed by Eddie Dee speaks of violence and poverty as it relates to Dee's personal experiences. Lyrically, he also claims that society criticizes him for being a rapper. He later criticizes the Puerto Rican senate's attempts to ban reggaeton music. Among other subjects, the song also addresses government corruption and media censorship.


12 Discípulos, Songs and repertoire
The song also identifies and explores racial differences as well as the criminalization of the African American community. "Taladro", ("The Drill"), performed by Eddie Dee in collaboration with Daddy Yankee opens the special edition release of the 12 Discípulos. It was released as the fourth and final single off the album. La Secta's "La Locura Automatica" appears second featuring Eddie Dee. A salsa remix of the lead single appears as a bonus track on the special edition release, renamed "Quitate Tu Pa' Ponerme Yo" ("Get Out The Way, So I Can Take Your Place").


12 Discípulos, Reception, Commercial
In its first three weeks of release, the album sold over 70,000 copies in Puerto Rico alone. On the week of 7 February 2004, the album debuted at number five on the Billboard Latin Albums chart, becoming the charts "Hot Shot Debut". On the Billboard Tropical Albums chart, it debuted at number one for the week of 7 February 2004. Ironically, two weeks later, the album was displaced by Ivy Queen's Diva Platinum Edition. The two releases exchanged positions over the subsequent weeks. It also managed to debut and peak at number eighteen on the Billboard Independent Albums chart.


12 Discípulos, Reception, Commercial
The album's lead single received a nomination for "Tropical Airplay Track of the Year, New Artist" at the 2005 Billboard Latin Music Award. On the Billboard Tropical Songs chart, the song debuted at number twenty-eight for the week of 1 May 2004. It peaked at number eight for the week of 15 May 2005. "Punto y Aparte" debuted at number thirty-four on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart at number thirty-four for the week of 23 October 2005. It peaked at number thirteen for the week of 26 February 2005.


12 Discípulos, Reception, Commercial
The final single, "Taladro", debuted at number thirty-six on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart, for the week of 25 March 2006. It peaked at number twenty-two for the week of 8 April 2006. The song also debuted at number thirty-nine on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Songs chart, for the week of 14 January 2006. It peaked at number twenty-nine for the week of 25 April 2006.


12 Discípulos, Reception, Critical
The album received mainly positive reviews from critics and has been proclaimed as "the greatest reggaeton various artists album of all times." According to Allmusic's Evan Guttierrez, 12 Discípulos was Dee's most notable achievement, outweighing the "immense underground successes" of his four previous studio efforts. The magazine Dominican Times gave the album a positive review and selected the intro, Tego Calderón's "Punto y Aparte", Gallego's "12 Meses", and Ivy Queen's "Que Es La Que Hay" as album highlights.


12 Discípulos, Reception, Critical
An editor for the magazine stated that "by just listening to the album, you realize that this album is going to be historic in the genre of reggaeton." He cited the quality of the songs and collaboration of the artists as being the album's strongpoints. He ended by stating that the album "is the CD to get the party going" and awarded the album four and a half stars out of five. An editor for Bulb Magazine selected the album as one of reggaetón's most classic albums in 2007.


12 Division (Sri Lanka)
The 12 Division is an infantry division of the Sri Lanka Army. Based at the Hambantota, it is responsible for the maintenance of capability for the defence of the Port of Hambantota. It is also responsible for carrying out training and administrative work. It was established 4 February 2011.


12 Downing Street
12 Downing Street is one of the buildings situated on Downing Street in the City of Westminster in London, England. It has been traditionally used as the office of the Chief Whip although the upper floor forms part of the residential apartment for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It has been owned and used by the Crown since 1803, first housing the Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces and then the Colonial Office, before the office of the Chief Whip moved into the premises in 1879 until 2001. It is a Grade II listed building.


12 Downing Street, Current use
The offices of the Prime Minister in 10 Downing Street have spread into 12 Downing Street, connected by a corridor which runs through 11 Downing Street. Under the current government the building is being used to house the Prime Minister's Press Office and Strategic Communications Unit. Although historically the house was used as the office of the Chief Whip, that is now located in 9 Downing Street.


12 Downing Street, Historical use
The land on which 12 Downing Street is built was first sold by Charles Downing to James Steadman in 1723. The house was then sold in 1772 to William Maseres, who leased it three years later to Henry Hunt. This lease was bought out by Simon Frazer, who also acquired Maseres' stake in the property. After Frazer's death in 1783, it was sold by the executors to James Martin, who in turn sold it to the East India Company in 1803. It was purchased that year by the Crown, and was first used to house the Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces. In 1827, it was taken over by the Colonial Office.


12 Downing Street, Historical use
When Downing Street was remodelled in 1846, the houses at 10, 11 and 12 were joined together as a single overall building, No. 12 continuing to accommodate the Colonial Office. After that moved out in 1879, the house at 12 Downing Street was for many decades used as the office of the Chief Whip of the Government, and also for parliamentary dinners. Herbert Gladstone, the son of then-Chancellor of the Exchequer William Ewart Gladstone, was born at 12 Downing Street in 1854. Herbert later became Home Secretary and the first Governor-General of the Union of South Africa.


12 Downing Street, Historical use
During the First World War the premises were the headquarters of the Parliamentary Recruitment Committee. It was formed across parties, and managed by the three Chief Whips during the Asquith coalition ministry of 1915–16. Following the breakup of the coalition government, the Liberal Party Chief Whip John Gulland was blamed in some parts of the media for disconnecting the phone line running to 12 Downing Street. This was denied, and a statement was issued to say that "At no time was the telephone temporarily disconnected." The building became Grade II listed on 14 January 1970.


12 Downing Street, Historical use
The residency of the Chief Whips at 12 Downing Street ended in 2001, when Press Secretary Alastair Campbell was moved there from an office in 10 Downing Street by Prime Minister Tony Blair. The Whips were moved to 9 Downing Street, previously only known as the Privy Council building. During Gordon Brown's period as Prime Minister, he moved the Press Office back out of 12 Downing Street and instead used it as an open-plan office for himself and his key advisers, because it contained an individual space large enough for him and his advisers—something not available in 10 Downing Street.


12 East 53rd Street
12 East 53rd Street, also the Fisk–Harkness House, is a building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along the south side of 53rd Street between Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. The six-story building was designed by Griffith Thomas and was constructed in 1871. It was redesigned in the Tudor-inspired Gothic Revival style in 1906 by Raleigh C. Gildersleeve.


12 East 53rd Street
The house had originally been designed as a four-story brownstone townhouse with a stoop, a raised basement, and a flat roof behind a galvanized-iron cornice. The present appearance of the house is a limestone structure designed in the Tudor-inspired Gothic Revival style. The asymmetrical facade contains two vertical bays, with a large main entrance on the left (east) bay and a triangular dormer on the right (west) bay. The interior floors of Thomas's original design were substantially altered to allow the three middle stories to have tall ceilings.


12 East 53rd Street
The house was constructed for banking executive Charles Moran as a rowhouse with a brownstone facade, and a rear extension was constructed in the 1880s. The house was remodeled for Harvey and Mary Fisk, who bought the house in 1905. The Fisks sold it four years later to William Harkness and his wife Edith Harkness, the latter of whom sold the house in 1923. The house was then used for commercial tenants including art dealer Proctor & Company, the Automobile Club of America, and art dealer Symons Galleries. Since 1964 the building has been owned by LIM College. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the house as an official landmark in 2010.


12 East 53rd Street, Site
12 East 53rd Street is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is along the southern sidewalk of 55th Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. The land lot is slightly irregular and covers 4,250 square feet (395 m2), with a frontage of 37.5 feet (11.4 m) and a maximum depth of 119.42 feet (36.40 m). The western section of the house extends only 100 feet (30 m) deep and is 12.5 feet (3.8 m) wide, while the eastern section of the house extends the full depth and is 25 feet (7.6 m) wide.


12 East 53rd Street, Site
The house is overhung by the adjacent office building at 510 Madison Avenue, finished in 2010. The house is across the street from Paley Park to the north and is on the same city block as the Omni Berkshire Place hotel to the southeast.


12 East 53rd Street, Site
Other nearby locations include 660 Fifth Avenue to the west; the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) to the northwest; the William H. Moore House to the north; the DuMont Building and Hotel Elysée to the northeast; 488 Madison Avenue and the John Peirce Residence to the south; and the Olympic Tower, Cartier Building, and 647 Fifth Avenue to the southwest.


12 East 53rd Street, Site
Fifth Avenue between 42nd Street and Central Park South (59th Street) was relatively undeveloped through the late 19th century. The surrounding area was once part of the common lands of the city of New York. The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 established Manhattan's street grid with lots measuring 100 feet (30 m) deep and 25 feet (7.6 m) wide. Upscale residences were constructed around Fifth Avenue following the American Civil War. The block of East 53rd Street from Fifth to Madison Avenues was only sporadically developed until the late 1870s, and it had brownstone residences by 1886.


12 East 53rd Street, Design
The house had originally been designed by Griffith Thomas, of the firm T. Thomas & Son, as a four-story brownstone townhouse with a stoop, raised basement, and a flat roof behind a galvanized-iron cornice. The present appearance of the house was designed by Raleigh Colston Gildersleeve for businessman Harvey Edward Fisk. The current house is six stories tall, with a limestone facade designed in the Tudor-inspired Gothic Revival style. The interior floors of Thomas's original design were substantially altered to allow the three middle stories to have tall ceilings. The building is known as "the Townhouse", part of the campus of LIM College.


12 East 53rd Street, Design, Facade
The building's 53rd Street facade is asymmetrical and is divided into two vertical bays. At ground level, the main entrance portal is a four-centered arch in the left bay, which includes a wood-and-metal double door. The main entrance is topped by a crocketed molding and flanked by stepped buttresses. The right bay contains a show window above a metal grille, which dates to a 1922 renovation. The far right portion of the facade has a secondary entrance with a metal-and-glass door. In the initial design, the house's entrance on a stoop slightly above ground. as in other rowhouses, and the stoop was placed on one side of the facade.


12 East 53rd Street, Design, Facade
The second through fourth stories generally contain leaded-glass windows as well as vertical stone mullions and horizontal stone transoms. On the second story, the eastern (left) bay is topped by tracery, while the western (right) bay contains a window inside a Tudor arch. The stone tracery, mullions, and transoms on the right bay of the second story have been removed. A flagpole projects from the center of the second story. On the third and fourth stories, the left bay has simpler windows than the right bay, which is placed within a two-story oriel window.


12 East 53rd Street, Design, Facade
The fifth story has a balustrade and balcony on the left bay, behind which is a flat copper roof and a dormer window. On the fifth story, the right bay has a gable with two dormer windows, above which is a parapet and crenellations; the right bay is topped by a pinnacle. The western and eastern facades are party walls that are painted to resemble the limestone facade; the western party wall has a chimney.


12 East 53rd Street, Design, Features
According to the New York City Department of City Planning, the building has a gross floor area of 18,934 square feet (1,759.0 m2). The atypically deep lot allowed the construction of three deep rooms in the rear. The main floor had a large reception room in front, a large music room in the middle, and a dining room at the rear that was lit from all sides. The ceilings of these rooms were about as high as two stories of an average dwelling. The reception room probably had a staircase at the center.


12 East 53rd Street, Design, Features
The house's other floors had similar high ceilings. The house as a whole was originally designed with Tudor-style furnishings to complement the exterior. When the Fisk family occupied the house, it contained European artifacts such as tapestries, furniture, and paintings, which formed an atmosphere that historian Andrew Dolkart describes as "olde English". These objects also served as a symbol of the Fisks' cultural tastes and wealth.


12 East 53rd Street, Design, Features
When the building was converted into a clubhouse for the Automobile Club of America in 1925, the second story was redesigned as a restaurant and the decorative ceiling was kept. The third floor was refitted as the lounge, library, card rooms, and a large sitting room. The fourth story was arranged with men's and women's baths, lockers, and dressing rooms. The basement had the general supply department; the main floors had the touring, supply, and map departments; and the upper stories had executive offices. The house was renovated into the showroom of art dealer Symons Galleries in 1938; tapestries, paintings, porcelains, bronze objects, Gothic art, and Renaissance jewelry were displayed in different rooms. One room with carved oak and a stone mantel was devoted to Jacobean culture, while another was devoted to French culture.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Early history
The site of 12 East 53rd Street was acquired in 1871 by Charles Moran, member of the banking firm Moran Brothers. In June 1871, he bought a lot on the south side of 53rd Street about 250 feet (76 m) east of Fifth Avenue, with a frontage of 12.5 feet (3.8 m) and a depth of 100 feet (30 m). The next month, Moran acquired a lot immediately to the west, measuring 50 by 100 feet (15 by 30 m), and an adjacent lot at 11 East 52nd Street, measuring 25 by 100 feet (7.6 by 30.5 m).


12 East 53rd Street, History, Early history
Moran intended to use the lots along 52nd Street for his horse stables. Griffith Thomas was hired to design a four-story brownstone townhouse for Moran on 53rd Street. The house's site originally measured 37.5 by 100 feet (11.4 by 30.5 m). During the mid-1880s, the lot's depth was extended by 19 feet (5.8 m). This allowed the construction of a rear annex.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Early history
Moran died at his house in 1895 and bequeathed his estate to his widow Arabella and four children. The following March, Douglas Robinson & Co. sold Moran's 53rd Street house as well as his 52nd Street stables. The house was then occupied by Walter G. Oakman. When the Oakman family lived in the house, it hosted events such as an annual meeting for the Society of Colonial Dames of the State of New York, as well as a discussion of political affairs in Crete. The executors of the Moran estate sold the house in 1899.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Early history
Architecture firm Hert & Tallant filed plans for renovations in 1902, which were projected to cost $5,000. Oakman was reported to have sold the house in May 1905. Around the same time, the ownership of the house at 12 East 53rd Street and the stables at 11 East 52nd Street was split, and the lot line between the two buildings was shifted about 19 feet (5.8 m) south.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Fisk and Harkness residence
Harvey Edward Fisk and his wife Mary Fisk were recorded in June 1905 as the new owners of the house. They hired Raleigh Colston Gildersleeve to renovate the house extensively, as well as to design a country estate in Elberon, New Jersey. Plans for the renovation, projected to cost $25,000, were filed in November 1905. The improvements included extending the building forward by 8.5 feet (2.6 m); adding a story to the rear; and installing new stairs, an electric elevator, a new facade, and an interior structure. The facade was redesigned in the neo-Tudor style with Gothic design elements. Contracts for the work had not been awarded at the time. Work started in January 1906 and was completed that August. The Fisk family lived in the house for only four years before they had to sell it to raise money.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Fisk and Harkness residence
The building was sold in October 1909 to lawyer William L. Harkness, a cousin of Standard Oil executive Edward Harkness, along with William's wife Edith. The price was recorded as being either $375,000 or $400,000. The New York Times described the building as "one of the finest residences in the Fifth Avenue section". The Harkness family hosted events at the house, including a fundraising benefit for a nursery and a debutante event for William and Edith's daughter Louise. William Harkness died at his country house in Glen Cove, New York, in 1919. He left half of his estate, including the 12 East 53rd Street house and the Glen Cove country house, to Edith. Their children Louise and William Hale Harkness received the other half of the estate.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
In November 1921, the 12 East 53rd Street house was sold to art dealer Proctor & Company. Edith Harkness had been asking $400,000 for the property. Proctor & Company planned extensive alterations to the house before it moved in. Proctor & Company may have removed the original tracery and added a show window during this renovation. The company occupied 12 East 53rd Street for only two years before selling it in December 1923 to the Automobile Club of America, which planned to renovate the building into their clubhouse.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
The Fisk–Harkness House had 28,000 square feet (2,600 m2), which represented an increase of 8,000 square feet (740 m2) over the club's existing space in the automobile district south of Columbus Circle. Furthermore, 12 East 53rd Street was close to several other clubhouses along Fifth Avenue, including those of the University Club, Union Club, Calumet Club, Knickerbocker Club, and Metropolitan Club.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
The Automobile Club of America received a $190,000 mortgage on the building in early 1924. After undergoing $100,000 worth of renovations, the clubhouse was dedicated in April 1925. The clubhouse was among the locations where New York license plates were distributed. Events hosted at the house included a luncheon with a League of Nations Non-Partisan Association official, an annual session of the National Highway Traffic Administration, as well as bridge games and tea dances. The club had a peak membership of 6,000, but following the Great Depression in the United States, several thousand members left the club.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
As a result, in January 1932, the Automobile Club's governors voted to dissolve the club. The building was placed for sale at a foreclosure auction that August, and it was sold to the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York for $50,000. 12 East 53rd Street might have been vacant for six years after the foreclosure sale.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
In August 1937, an apartment in the building was leased to Lucile Cody. The house was then leased in February 1938 to art dealer Symons Galleries Inc. The art dealer moved into the building that May after an extensive renovation. The stone mullions and transoms on the second-story window may have been removed during this time. By 1940, the upper floors were redesigned with apartments. The Mutual Life Insurance Company continued to own the building.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
The structures at 4 to 12 East 53rd Street, as well as the Frances Building at the southeast corner of 53rd Street and Fifth Avenue, were acquired in November 1943 by Robert W. Dowling of the City Investing Company. Advertising agency Maxon Inc. purchased the building from Dowling in December 1948, intending to use the structure for its own offices. Symons Galleries sold off its products in May 1949 in preparation for its relocation to smaller quarters.


12 East 53rd Street, History, Commercial uses
Maxon Inc. moved into 12 East 53rd Street in January 1950 while renovations were still ongoing. Maxon Inc. continued to occupy the building until November 1964, when it sold the house to the Laboratory Institute of Merchandising, later LIM College. The college intended to renovate the building for its own use. LIM moved into the building afterward and continued to occupy it for the rest of the 20th century. 12 East 53rd Street became known as "the Townhouse", and LIM continued to occupy the house even after buying other structures for its campus in the 2000s. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building as a landmark in 2011. As of 2021, the house still serves as a LIM College building.


12 Endeavour Square
12 Endeavour Square, also known as 1 Westfield Avenue, is a commercial building within the International Quarter London in Stratford, London, occupied by the Financial Conduct Authority and UNICEF. It was completed in 2018, its developers were Lendlease and LCR, and its architect was Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.


12 Fantasias for Solo Flute (Telemann)
Georg Philipp Telemann's 12 fantaisies à traversière sans basse, 12 Fantasias for Solo Flute, TWV 40:2–13, were published in Hamburg in 1732–33. An extant copy of the publication, conserved in Brussels, has a spurious title page reading Fantasie per il Violino senza Basso (Fantasias for Solo Violin). The set is one of Telemann's collections of fantasias for unaccompanied instruments, the others being a set of thirty-six for harpsichord, also published in 1732–33, and two sets published in 1735: twelve for solo violin and twelve for viola da gamba.


12 Fantasias for Solo Flute (Telemann)
Telemann's solo flute fantasias are alone in the Baroque repertoire to include movements seemingly impossible on flute: fugues (fantasias 2, 6, and 8–11), a French overture (fantasia 7) and a passacaglia (fantasia 5). In 2012, an arrangement for viola solo was published by Euprint. In this arrangement, through the use of double stops, some many-voiced parts appear as real polyphonic pieces.


12 Fantasias for Solo Flute (Telemann), Structure
The collection is arranged by key, progressing more or less stepwise from A major to G minor. Telemann deliberately avoided keys that are impractical on the one-key flute, i.e. B major, C minor, F minor and F-sharp major. There are two ways to view the overall structure of the collection: one way, in which the work is divided into two parts, is suggested by the fact that Fantasia 7 begins with a French overture, indicating a start of a new section. This device was also later used by Johann Sebastian Bach in Variation 16 of his Goldberg Variations. Another was proposed by scholar Wolfgang Hirschmann: there are four modal groups of three fantasias: major-minor-minor, major-major-minor, major-minor-major, and minor-major-minor.


12 Fantasias for Solo Violin (Telemann)
Georg Philipp Telemann's collection of 12 Fantasias for Solo Violin, TWV 40:14–25, was published in Hamburg in 1735. It is one of Telemann's collections of music for unaccompanied instruments, the others being twelve fantasias for solo flute and thirty-six for solo harpsichord that were published in Hamburg in 1732–33, as well as a set of twelve fantasias for solo viola da gamba that was published in the same city in 1735, but were considered lost until a copy of the print was found in a private collection in 2015 by viola da gamba player and musicologist Thomas Fritzsch.


12 Fantasias for Solo Violin (Telemann)
This scheme does not resemble that of the twelve flute fantasies, which progress in a roughly stepwise direction from A major to G minor. However, some overall structure seems to be implied: the first movement of Fantasia 7 subtly references the opening of the first fantasia in the collection, indicating that Telemann possibly conceived this work as two groups of 6 fantasias. He has, indeed, described the collection as "12 fantasias ... of which 6 include fugues and 6 are Galanterien", with "fugues" referencing the contrapuntal style of certain fantasias.


12 Fantasias for Solo Violin (Telemann)
Telemann's violin fantasias exhibit mastery of not only compound melodic lines, but also of idiomatic writing for violin, as Telemann himself was a self-taught violinist. Much of the music reveals the influence of Italian sonatas and concertos, but the typical tendency of German solo violin music to rely on polyphony is still present: fantasias 2, 3, 5, 6, and 10 all include fugues and employ much double-stopping.


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann)
Georg Philipp Telemann's collection of Twelve Fantasias for Viola da Gamba Solo, TWV 40:26–37, was published in Hamburg in 1735, titled Fantaisies pour la Basse de Violle. The fantasias for viola da gamba were considered lost until an original print was found in a private collection in 2015. They were published by Edition Güntersberg in 2016, and first recorded and performed again by Thomas Fritzsch the same year.


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann), History
Telemann printed the fantasias for viola da gamba in 1735 in his own publishing house in Hamburg. He undertook self-publishing, offering works by subscription: His subscriber lists include buyers from Amsterdam, London and Paris. He offered a 20% discount to subscribers to the fantasias. The fantasias are among Telemann's collections of music for unaccompanied instruments, with others being twelve fantasias for solo flute (1732/33), twelve fantasias for solo violin (1735), and thirty-six pieces for harpsichord (1732–33).


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann), History
Based on research by the French musicologist François-Pierre Goy, the fantasias, which had been thought to be lost, were found in 2015 in an archive of the State Archive of Lower Saxony in Osnabrück. The archive held a complete copy of the music printed by Telemann in 1735 in the private collection from Schloss Ledenburg, now called Ledenburg Collection. The fantasias were published by Edition Güntersberg in 2016, with a facsimile of Telemann's print. After their discovery, the fantasias were first performed by the gambist Thomas Fritzsch, who is also a musicologist teaching at the Leipzig University. Fritzsch played them for the first time after their rediscovery in two concerts as part of the 23rd Magdeburger Telemann-Festtage on 19 and 20 March 2016, along with a recording (made at the abbey church of Zscheiplitz) and the presentation of the edition.


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann), Music
Written at a time when the instrument was no longer fashionable, Telemann had to compose with imagination to attract buyers. A reviewer of Gramophone notes: "Telemann presents a cornucopia of broken chords, unison and contrapuntal writing, passagework and even some plucking; there’s also a nod to the fashion tussle of the time between the fugal and the galant style".


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann), Performances, arrangement and recordings
The fantasias have been performed internationally after their rediscovery, especially in 2017, celebrating 250 years after the composer died. The flutist Monika Mandelartz arranged the fantasias for her instrument, saying that they are "complex, musically rich pieces, albeit not immediately understandable to the performer".


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann), Performances, arrangement and recordings
Jonathan Dunford recorded the fantasias in two volumes, one in April 2016, the second in May that year, and he played excerpts in lectures for France Musique in July 2016. The fantasias were recorded by Robert Smith in 2017. A reviewer of The Guardian noted the compositions' "astonishing range" in character between "infectious jollity" and "depths of despair", and attest that the player "navigates each piece with clear-eyed musicality, always weaving a beautifully sonorous, coherent line through Telemann’s rich invention".


12 Fantasias for Viola da Gamba (Telemann), Award
Fritzsch was awarded the Echo Klassik 2017 in the category Welterstaufführung (World Premiere Recording) for his first recording of the fantasias.


12 Farvardin Square (Shiraz)
12 Farvardin Square is a square in southern Shiraz, Iran where Jannat Street (Shishegari) and Artesh Boulevard meet each other. It goes to Fahmideh Square from the west and to Rahmat Highway from the south.


12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings
Two car bombs exploded in Baghdad, Iraq at 12:20 on 12 February 2007 in the Shorja market district, killing 76 people, and injuring 155–180.


12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings
The explosions set market stalls, shops, and an adjoining 7-storey building on fire, causing further casualties, and local fire-crews struggled for hours to extinguish the flames. The collapse of a building was also reported. The injured were taken to the nearby Al-Kindi hospital, which struggled to cope with the influx, and more casualties are expected from injuries.


12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings, Al-Askari anniversary
The bombings happened during 15 minutes of state endorsed silence, to mark the anniversary of the Al-Askari Mosque bombing in Samarra, which prompted heavy bloodshed. The Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki was participating in a televised ceremony remembering the victims of the attack, and was speaking when the blasts occurred, only two miles away. Al-Maliki had been calling for calm, unity and reconciliation, and had said that the Iraqi Security Forces were regaining control of Iraq's security situation.


12 Feet Deep
12 Feet Deep (originally titled The Deep End) is a 2017 American psychological horror-thriller film written and directed by Matt Eskandari and starring Alexandra Park, Nora-Jane Noone, Tobin Bell and Diane Farr. It was distributed by Mar Vista Entertainment. The film was released on June 20, 2017.


12 Feet Deep, Plot
Bree (Nora-Jane Noone) decides to go for a swim at the Ketea Aquatic Center. The pool manager, McGradey (played by Tobin Bell), later hangs signs around the pool mentioning that the pool is closing up for the holiday. Bree is later joined by her drug-addicted sister, Jonna  (Alexandra Park) in the pool and connect over a competition in college.