14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
In the early morning of 22 July, the 14th Fusilier battalion abandoned Bilye Kamin. The Brody pocket was now only 4 to 5 miles (6.4–8.0 kilometres) long and wide. The German and Galician soldiers were instructed to attack with everything they had by moving forward until they broke through or were destroyed. Fighting was fierce and desperate. The German and Ukrainian soldiers surging south were able to overwhelm the Soviet 91st Separate "Fastov" Tank Brigade and its infantry support, and to escape by the thousands. The remaining pocket collapsed by the evening of 22 July.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
Despite the severity of the fighting, the division disintegrated having sustained enormous losses and having lost one regimental commander killed (Paul Herms Kdr WGR 31) and one wounded (Friedrich Dern kdr WHR 29) on 19 July causing Freitag to resign his command. Of the approximately 11,000 Galician soldiers deployed at Brody, about 3,000 were able to almost immediately re-enter the division. Approx 7,400 were posted as "Missing in combat".


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
It has been mistakenly suggested that the losses for the 14th SS Division in Brody, which ran at 73%, were higher than the rest of the Corps. The other battle-hardened German units which had formed XIII.A.K. produced similar casualty reports. About 5,000 men of Korpsabteilung 'C' which formed the spearhead of the breakout forces escaped the encirclement with sidearms but without vehicles, horses, and other weapons, supplies, and equipment. A total of 73 officers and 4,059 NCOs and men were listed as killed or missing.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
By comparison, the 361st Infantry Division which deployed fewer troops at the beginning of the battle than the Galician Division and together with it formed the rearguard, suffered equal losses. Between 16 and 22 July, it sustained almost as many casualties with total losses amounting to 6,310 officers and men (dead, missing or wounded). The necessary manpower required to rebuild this and the other German formations was not available and they were subsequently disbanded and the survivors incorporated into other divisions.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
Although 73% of its personnel did not return to the division, the most recent research suggests that upward of 2,000 Ukrainian men survived but chose to join the Ukrainian partisans. Others deserted and returned to civilian whilst a relatively small number joined other units and remained with them until the end of the war. Some were also taken prisoner. On this basis the number of Ukrainians who were neither killed nor taken prisoner was in actuality closer to 6,000 men – meaning its actual loss ratio was not as high as any of the German units involved whose personnel were either killed, or captured.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
As for XIII.A.K., the final report of the Corps's liquidation commission (applicable to its regular army units only) recorded 21,766 killed or missing in action, which together with the 7,000 killed or missing men from the Galician Division brings to the total lost to about 29,000. This figure corresponds with General Lange's own estimate of a total of 25–30,000 killed in the encirclement.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
On the other hand, the recently declassified secret Soviet General Staff report states that during the course of the battle their forces destroyed more than 30,000 soldiers and officers, 85 tanks and self-propelled guns, over 500 guns of various calibres, 476 mortars, 705 machine guns, 12,000 rifles and submachine guns, 5,843 vehicles, 183 tractors and trailers and 2,430 motorcycles and bicycles.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Brody
It also claims that over 17,000 soldiers and officers were taken prisoner, 28 tanks and self-propelled guns were captured, as were over 500 guns of various calibres, more than 600 mortars, 483 machine guns, 11,000 rifles and sub-machine guns, over 1,500 vehicles, 98 tractors and trailers, 376 motorcycles and bicycles, in excess of 3,000 horses and 28 warehouses full of military goods. An estimated total number of survivors of all XIII.A.K. units has been given by the adjutant of the 349th Infantry Division as 15,000 officers and men, while a slightly lower figure of 12,000 was subsequently given by Oberst Wilck.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, The division in Slovakia
The Germans rebuilt the division over two months using reserve units. From the end of September 1944, the division was used against the Slovak National Uprising. Many of the personnel volunteered to serve in Slovakia, hoping to find friends and relatives among a large group of refugees from Galicia that had been admitted to Slovakia shortly before the uprising. The first unit, a battlegroup formed from one battalion of the 29th regiment with auxiliary units, arrived 28 September 1944. Eventually all divisional units were transferred to Slovakia. From 15 October 1944 they formed two Kampfgruppe, Wittenmayer and Wildner.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, The division in Slovakia
(Both of approx reinforced battalion strength) The division operated in coordination with a kampfgruppe from the SS Division Horst Wessel, whilst on paper the SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger was subordinated directly to it but its commander ignored all instructions he received and continued to act indendently, the Vlasov detachment and other SS and SD formations until 5 February 1945.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, The division in Slovakia
According to Slovak historian K. Fremal, the division's "members were helping in anti-partisan, repressive, and terrorist actions and committed murders and other excesses" but sadly he gives no examples of the actual murders so that the post war Slovak government never filed any accusations of war crimes which seems a bit odd if they had committed any. The overall degree of criminality was less than that of Einsatzgruppe H or the Slovak collaborationist Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions. Jan Stanislav, the director of the National Uprising Museum in Slovakia, denied that the division or that Ukrainians took part in brutalities committed against the Slovak people at this time. About 200 soldiers deserted from the division while it was in Slovakia; many joined the partisans.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Anti-partisans actions on the Slovenian-Austrian border
In the end of January 1945, it was moved to Slovenia, where from the end of February until the end of March 1945, it together with other Army, SS and Polizei  formations fought Yugoslav Partisans in the Styria and Carinthia (province) areas near the Austrian-Slovenian border. During this time, the division absorbed the 31 SD Schutzmannschafts Battalion, also known as the Ukrainian Self Defense legion. When on 31 March Soviet forces commenced an attack from Hungary into Austria that ruptured the German front, the division was ordered to advance northward to Gleichenberg in a desperate attempt to halt the Soviet advance.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Graz
From 1 April until the end of the war, with a strength of 14,000 combat troops and 8,000 soldiers in a Training and Replacement Regiment, the division fought against the Red Army in the region of Graz in Austriawhere in early April it seized the castle and village of Gleichenberg from Soviet forces (including elite Soviet airborne troops from the 3rd Guards Airborne Division) during a counterattack and on 15 April repulsed a Soviet counterattack. The division at this time maintained a 13-km front.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Deployment, Graz
During one critical situation, Freitag became so alarmed by the developments at the front, that in the presence of the commander of the 1st Cavalry Corps General der Kavallerie Harteneck, he reacted instinctively and announced his abdication as Divisional commander and responsibility for its performance in action – as he had done at Brody. General Harteneck refused Freitag's resignation and ordered him to remain at his post. Due to his performance during the battles surrounding Gleichenberg, Waffen-Obersturmführer Ostap Czuczkewycz was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st class. The Division suffered heavy casualties while in Austria, with an estimated 1,600 killed or wounded.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), 1st Ukrainian Division UNA
On 17 March 1945, Ukrainian émigrés established the Ukrainian National Committee to represent the interests of Ukrainians to the Third Reich. Simultaneously, the Ukrainian National Army, commanded by general Pavlo Shandruk, was created. The Galician Division nominally became the 1st Division of the Ukrainian National Army, although the German Army's High command continued to list it as the Ukrainian 14th SS Grenadier Division in its order of battle. The Division surrendered to British and US forces by 10 May 1945.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), 1st Ukrainian Division UNA, Rimini
Most of the Ukrainian soldiers were interned in Rimini, Italy, in the area controlled by the II Polish Corps. The UNA commander Pavlo Shandruk requested a meeting with Polish general Władysław Anders a prewar Polish Army colleague, asking him to protect the army against the deportation to Soviet Union. There is credible evidence that despite Soviet pressure, Anders managed to protect the Ukrainian troops, as former citizens of the Second Republic of Poland. This, together with the intervention of the Vatican prevented its members from being deported to the USSR.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), 1st Ukrainian Division UNA, Rimini
Bishop Buchko of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had appealed to Pope Pius XII to intervene on behalf of the division, whom he described as "good Catholics and fervent anti-Communists". Due to Vatican intervention, the British authorities changed the status of the division members from POW to surrendered enemy personnel. 176 soldiers of the division, mainly prewar Polish Army officers followed their commander in joining Władysław Anders's Polish army.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), 1st Ukrainian Division UNA, Rimini
Former soldiers of SS "Galizien" were allowed to immigrate to Canada and the United Kingdom in 1947. The names of about 8,000 men from the division who were admitted to the UK have been stored in the so-called "Rimini List". Despite several requests of various lobby groups, the details of the list have never been publicly released, however the list is available on line and the originalList is available for public inspection at the Schevchenko Archive in Linden Gardens London. In 2003 the anti-terrorist branch of Scotland Yard launched an investigation into people from the list by cross-referencing NHS patient, social security and pensions records; however, the order to release confidential medical records was met with outcry from civil liberties groups.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
Although the Waffen-SS as a whole was declared to be a criminal organization at the Nuremberg Trials, the Galizien Division has not specifically been found guilty of any war crimes by any war tribunal or commission. However, numerous accusations of impropriety have been leveled at the division, and at particular members of the division, from a variety of sources. It is difficult to determine the extent of war criminality among members of the division. If prior service in Nazi police units is a measure of criminality, only a small number were recruited from established police detachments.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
Among those who had transferred from police detachments, some had been members of a coastal defence unit that had been stationed in France, while others came from two police battalions that had been formed in the spring of 1943, too late to have participated in the murder of Ukraine's Jews. According to Howard Margolian, there is no evidence that these units participated in anti-partisan operations or reprisals prior to their inclusion into the division.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
However, before their service within the police battalions, a number of recruits are alleged to have been in Ukrainian irregular formations that are alleged to have committed atrocities against Jews and Communists. Nevertheless, in their investigations of the division, both the Canadian government and the Canadian Jewish Congress failed to find hard evidence to support the notion that it was rife with criminal elements.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
The division did destroy several Polish communities in western Ukraine during the winter and spring of 1944. Specifically, the 4th and 5th SS Police Regiments have been accused of murdering Polish civilians in the course of anti-guerilla activity. At the time of their actions, those units were not yet under Divisional command, but were under German police command. Yale historian Timothy Snyder noted that the division's role in the Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia was limited, because the murders were primarily carried out by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
In a speech to the soldiers of the 1st Galician division, Heinrich Himmler  stated:


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
Your homeland has become so much more beautiful since you have lost – on our initiative, I must say – those residents who were so often a dirty blemish on Galicia's good name, namely the Jews ... I know that if I ordered you to liquidate the Poles ... I would be giving you permission to do what you are eager to do anyway.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities
In June 2013, Associated Press published an article stating that an American, Michael Karkoc, who was alleged to be a former "deputy company commander" in the Division, was implicated in war crimes committed before he joined the Division in 1945. According to Associated Press, before joining the Division Karkoc had served as a "lieutenant" of the 2nd Company of the German SS Police-led Ukrainian Self Defense Legion (USDL). The USDL was a paramilitary police organization in the Schutzmannschaft. Karkoc was found living in Lauderdale, Minnesota. He had arrived in the United States in 1949 and became a naturalized citizen in 1959.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Huta Pieniacka
The Polish historian Grzegorz Motyka has stated that the Germans formed several SS police regiments (numbered from 4 to 8) which included "Galizien" in their name. Those police regiments joined the division in Spring 1944. On 23 February 1944, before being incorporated into the division, the 4th and 5th police regiments had participated in anti-guerrilla action at Huta Pieniacka, against Soviet and Polish Armia Krajowa partisans in the village of Huta Pieniacka, which had also served as a shelter for Jews and as a fortified centre for Polish and Soviet guerrillas.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Huta Pieniacka
Huta Pieniacka was a Polish self-defence outpost, organized by inhabitants of the village and sheltering civilian refugees from Volhynia. On 23 February 1944, two members of a detachment of the division were shot by the self-defense forces. Five days later, a mixed force of Ukrainian police and German soldiers shelled the village before entering it and ordering all the civilians to gather together. In the ensuing massacre, the village of Huta Pienacka was destroyed, and between 500 and 1,000 of the inhabitants were killed. According to Polish accounts, civilians were locked in barns that were set on fire, while those attempting to flee were killed.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Huta Pieniacka
Polish witness accounts state that the soldiers were accompanied by Ukrainian nationalists (paramilitary unit under Włodzimierz Czerniawski's command), which included members of the UPA, as well as inhabitants of nearby villages who took property from households.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Huta Pieniacka
The NASU Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine concluded that the 4th and 5th SS Galizien Police regiments did kill the civilians within the village, but added that the grisly reports by eyewitnesses in the Polish accounts were "hard to come up with" and that the likelihood was "difficult to believe". The institute also noted that, at the time of the massacre, the police regiments were not under 14th division command, but rather under German police command (specifically, under German Sicherheitsdienst and SS command of the General Government). The Polish Institute of National Remembrance stated: "According to the witness' testimonies, and in the light of the collected documentation, there is no doubt that the 4th battalion 'Galizien' of the 14th division of SS committed the crime"


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Pidkamin and Palikrowy
The village of Pidkamin was the site of a monastery where Poles sought shelter from the encroaching front. On 11 March 1944, around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were seeking refuge there when the monastery was attacked by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (unit under Maksym Skorupsky command), allegedly cooperating with an SS-Galizien unit. The next day, 12 March, the monastery was captured and civilians were murdered (at night part of the population managed to escape). From 12 to 16 March, other civilians were also killed in the town of Pidkamin.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Pidkamin and Palikrowy
Estimates of victims range from 150, by Polish historian Grzegorz Motyka, to 250, according to the researchers of the Institute of History of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, Pidkamin and Palikrowy
Members of another SS-Galizien sub-unit also participated in the execution of Polish civilians in Palykorovy, located in the Lwów area (Lviv oblast) near Pidkamin (former Tarnopol Voivodeship). It is estimated that 365 ethnic Poles were murdered, including women and children.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, The Canadian Deschênes Commission
The Canadian "Commission of Inquiry on War Crimes" of October 1986, by the Honourable Justice Jules Deschênes concluded that in relation to membership in the Galicia Division:


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, The Canadian Deschênes Commission
The Galicia Division (14. Waffen grenadier division der SS [gal. #1]) should not be indicted as a group. The members of Galicia Division were individually screened for security purposes before admission to Canada. Charges of war crimes of Galicia Division have never been substantiated, either in 1950 when they were first preferred, or in 1984 when they were renewed, or before this Commission. Further, in the absence of evidence of participation or knowledge of specific war crimes, mere membership in the Galicia Division is insufficient to justify prosecution.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Atrocities, The Canadian Deschênes Commission
The  commission considered the International Military Tribunal's verdict at the Nuremberg Trials, at which the entire Waffen-SS organisation was declared a "criminal organization" guilty of war crimes. Also, in its conclusion, the Deschênes Commission only referred to the division as 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Galizische Nr.1) but rejected such a principle.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Division's names
The division during its short history changed its name a number of times, being known as:


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Legacy
The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) is today honored by many Ukrainian nationalists. Since 2010 every year on 28 April a march is held to celebrate the foundation of the division. In addition streets were named after the division in Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrains`koi Dyvizii Street) and Ternopil (Soldiers Division "Galicia" Street).


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Legacy, In Canada
A monument to the division stands in St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery in the Canadian city of Oakville; according to the manager of the cemetery, the monument was probably erected in the 1980s. On 22 June 2020 the monument was vandalized when someone painted "Nazi war monument" on it. On 17 July of that year, it was announced by the Halton Regional Police that this was being investigated as a hate crime before being walked back soon after.


14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), Legacy, In Canada
There is also a monument to the division in St. Michael's Cemetery in Edmonton. In 2021 it was vandalized with "nazi monument" painted on one side and "14th Waffen SS" on the other.


14th Ward of New Orleans
The 14th Ward or Fourteenth Ward is a section of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, one of the 17 Wards of New Orleans. The Ward was formed in 1870 from part of Jefferson City and the town of Greenville, which were annexed by New Orleans.


14th Ward of New Orleans, Boundaries
The Ward is roughly shaped like a wide "L" stretching back from the Mississippi River. The lower boundary is Jefferson Avenue and then South Broad, across which is the 13th Ward. The upper boundary is Lowerline Street (formerly the lower boundary of the city of Carrollton with Greenville), across which is the 16th Ward. The back boundary is Washington Avenue, across which is a portion of the 2nd Ward.


14th Ward of New Orleans, Cityscape and landmarks
The Ward includes some of the most famous landmarks of Uptown New Orleans. The site of the World Cotton Centennial 1884 World's Fair is now Audubon Zoo and Audubon Park. The area around the Park contains a number of architecturally-significant mansions. Across Saint Charles Avenue, route of the famous St. Charles Avenue Streetcar, are Tulane University and Loyola University New Orleans.


14th Ward of New Orleans, Cityscape and landmarks
The former site of Dominican College, just up from Broadway Street, is also in the Ward; it is now a satellite campus of Loyola. The "Fraternity Row" is along Broadway Street, and around Broadway Street and Freret Street is a cluster of businesses catering to the university communities. Notable commercial areas include the Uptown Square shopping center on Broadway, and the Calhoun Street area, back from Claiborne Avenue. Farther back from Claiborne Avenue, the Ward includes part of the Fountainbleau and Broadmoorneighborhoods.


14th Weapons Squadron
The 14th Weapons Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the USAF Weapons School, stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida.


14th Weapons Squadron
The squadron is a geographically separated unit of the 57th Wing at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. The mission of the squadron is to produce weapons officers for the special operations community by providing graduate level instructional flying on Air Force Special Operations Command aircraft through weapons instructor courses. Currently, the squadron produces special operations force weapons officers specializing in Lockheed AC-130, Lockheed MC-130 and Pilatus U-28 aircraft.


14th Weapons Squadron
The unit traces its lineage back to the 14th Observation Squadron and participated in the landings at Normandy in June 1944. Later, during the Vietnam era, the 14th Air Commando Squadron, flew Douglas AC-47 Spooky gunships between 1967 and 1968. The 14th flew out of Nha Trang Air Base, Phan Rang Air Base, Bien Hoa Air Base, and Binh Thuy Air Base, providing fire support in defense of US air bases, special forces camps, Republic of Vietnam Army outposts, and South Vietnamese hamlets. Decorations of this combat unit include the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm, and the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device.


14th Weapons Squadron, History, World War II
Activated in 1942 as a liaison and observation squadron, supported US Army maneuvers by flying photo and tactical observation missions, spotting artillery fire, 1942 until early 1944.


14th Weapons Squadron, History, World War II
Deployed to Europe in early 1944, providing courier service, observation, mail and other liaison services in support of the US Army advance through France and Germany, Jul 1944-May 1945; dropped medical supplies, food, and ammunition to an Army battalion stranded on the Moselle River, Nov 1944; supported the Third Army during the Battle of the Bulge, Dec 1944-Jan 1945; added medical evacuation to its tasks in Apr 1945.


14th Weapons Squadron, History, Vietnam War
Combat in Vietnam, Jan-May 1968; provided aerial fire support in defense of USAF forces, including bases, camps, outposts, and hamlets in southern half of country.


14th Weapons Squadron, History, Advanced special operations training
The current unit was organized as the Weapons School Special Operations Forces Division on 15 March 2000 at Hurlburt Field, Florida. The unit designation was changed to Detachment 1, 16th Operations Group on 10 August 2000 to align it with the group charged with providing aircraft and personnel who would help build the course.


14th Weapons Squadron, History, Advanced special operations training
Redesignated in 2003 as the 14th Weapons Squadron at Hurlburt Field, Florida, to provide advanced training in weapons and tactics employment to Special Operations officer aircrew members in the Lockheed AC-130H Spectre, Lockheed AC-130U Spooky, Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low, Lockheed MC-130E Combat Talon I, Lockheed MC-130H Combat Talon II, Lockheed MC-130P Combat Shadow, and Lockheed MC-130J Commando II special operations aircraft. The MH-53 Pave Low weapons instructor course ended with the retirement of the MH-53 aircraft.


14th Weapons Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


14th Weather Squadron
The 14th Weather Squadron (14th WS) is a Geographically Separate Unit (GSU) of the 2nd Weather Group. The squadron is located in the Veach-Baley Federal Complex in Asheville, North Carolina. Its mission is military applied climatology. The 14 WS collects, protects and exploits authoritative climate data to optimize military and intelligence operations and planning in order to maximize the combat effectiveness of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) personnel and weapons systems. It delivers environmental information worldwide to the United States Air Force (USAF), the Army, Unified Combatant Commands, the Intelligence Community, and the Department of Defense. The 14 WS also collaborates with the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (formerly the National Climatic Data Center).


14th Weather Squadron, Mission
The mission of the 14 WS is to collect, protect and exploit authoritative climate data to optimize military and intelligence operations and planning.


14th Weather Squadron, Organization
Divided into three flights, the Data Operations Flight, the Climate Operations Flight, and the System Flight, the 14 WS consists of more than 60 active-duty officers, enlisted personnel and civilians. The majority of the personnel at the 14 WS are meteorologists, weather technicians, cyber operators, and computer programmers.


14th Weather Squadron, History
Punched cards, which are pieces of stiff paper that contain digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions, were a technical marvel when they came into prominence in the United States. The cards, developed by Herman Hollerith for use in the 1890 U.S. Census, made the use of historical weather records a practical means for determining the probability of future weather events and patterns. The British used punched cards successfully in about 1920 to extract wind data from ships' logs and to produce wind roses for ocean regions.


14th Weather Squadron, History
The Dutch Meteorological Institute borrowed some of the British cards in 1922 and began their own weather analyses. Norway, France, and Germany soon followed. Then, in 1927, the Czech meteorologist, L.W. Pollak, placed small and inexpensive punch machines of his own design in every Czech weather station. As each observation was taken, it was punched on a card that was sent to a central tabulating unit for summary and analysis. Although the equipment for gathering and tabulating weather data has changed since then, the basic idea of the process has not.


14th Weather Squadron, History
The United States, where the punched card originated, was late to join the Europeans in collecting and tabulating weather observations. Fortunately, one of the "make-work" projects of the mid-1930s resulted in a sizable punched card climatic database. A 1934 Works Progress Administration (WPA) project resulted in an atlas of ocean climates, prepared by punching 2 million observations (taken from 1880 to 1933) onto cards and summarizing the results. Another 3.5 million observations were processed manually, a task that took 90 percent of the labor devoted to the entire project.


14th Weather Squadron, History
In 1936, the WPA also funded a project that resulted in the compilation and analysis of millions of surface and upper-air observations taken from 1928 to 1941. From this project came a number of climatological publications vital to the nation's preparation for World War II.


14th Weather Squadron, History, World War II
Although there was strong pressure for neutrality, military visionaries had seen the need to prepare for war even before 1937 when the Air Weather Service (AWS) itself was founded. The Army Air Forces Weather Research Center's Climatological Section was born at Bolling Field on 10 September 1941, one week after the U.S. Destroyer Greer was attacked by a German submarine off the coast of Iceland.


14th Weather Squadron, History, World War II
By 1941 the U.S. Weather Bureau had turned over most of its climatological records to the military. Most of the Weather Bureau's climatology had been produced by the depression era WPA project mentioned earlier. Even so, United States military climatology had a long way to go. Both allies and enemies had a strategic advantage during the war because they began their analyses of weather statistics much earlier. The Pearl Harbor attack on 7 December 1941 moved the collection and application of weather statistics to a top-drawer priority overnight.


14th Weather Squadron, History, World War II
With weather observations and forecasts blacked out in hostile areas, planners turned to the climatologists with their questions. Where should air bases be located? How should their runways be oriented? What areas should heavy armor avoid? What should specifications for fuels, lubricants, landing mats, wires, buildings be? What times, dates, and locations are best for amphibious landings? What weather and winds aloft may be expected for bombing?


14th Weather Squadron, History, World War II
Because of the urgent need for climatic information, early in 1942 the WPA civilian punched card project was transformed into a support resource for the Armed Forces. By the end of the war 80 million cards were punched, many from pre-war weather observation forms of other countries. These cards were summarized into products, such as flying weather and low visibility summaries, which were essential for military operations. Throughout World War II, the AAF Weather Service maintained a Climatology Division with its staff at Headquarters U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) in the Pentagon.


14th Weather Squadron, History, World War II
In May 1943 the division moved to Asheville, North Carolina where the AAF Weather Wing was organized. The same year the AAF Statistical Services Division was created at Winston-Salem, North Carolina to begin the routine storage and processing of military weather observations. Climatology was a factor in every major or minor WWII operation. The planning for every landing, mission, and offensive, including the D-Day Invasion in 1944 and the atomic bombing of Japan, required extensive climatological preparation and analyses.


14th Weather Squadron, History, Postwar
Although demobilization cut deeply into the Air Weather Service's wartime strength of nearly 19,000, the importance of climatology and its applications continued to be recognized. In early 1946, the military established a Climatology Unit at Gravelly Point, Virginia. In 1948, the Military Climatology Division moved to Andrews AFB, Maryland with Dr. Woodrow C. Jacobs as its chief.


14th Weather Squadron, History, Postwar
The AAF Statistical Services Division (about 300 strong) moved to New Orleans in 1946 as part of the newly created New Orleans Tabulating Unit. This unit was a joint Weather Bureau, Air Force, and Navy climate center established after the war to unify U.S. civilian and military records, observing methods, and data management procedures. After the war, many punched card collections that were acquired from our allies or captured from our enemies were sent to New Orleans for processing (one set weighed 21 tons). The "Kopenhagener Schlussel" deck of 7 million captured German punched cards contained weather observations taken during WWII in Europe and the Middle East. Both the British Admiralty's and the Deutsche Seewarte's decks had millions of ship observations that went back to the 1850s.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1950s
The Climatic Center at Andrews AFB continued to provide climatological data applications under various designations throughout the decade, with particular emphasis on the war in Korea and the strategic buildup necessitated by the Cold War. Detachment 3, Headquarters Air Weather Service (the Postweather Analysis Division) was organized on 1 May 1954 at Andrews. On 18 December 1957 the AWS merged the Climatic Analysis Division and the Data Integration Branch with Detachment 3 in spaces at Suitland, Maryland formerly occupied by the USAF Weather Central.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1950s
On 1 April 1959, Detachment 3 (the Climatic Center) moved from Suitland to the Washington Navy Yard (Annex 2, at 225 D. Street, Southeast) on the Potomac River. At this time, IBM electronic accounting equipment installed at the Climatic Center allowed data processing directly from punched card to tape. Physical space necessary to store the growing punched card libraries was dwindling. As a result, the Statistical Services Division in New Orleans moved to Asheville, North Carolina in 1952 and was renamed the Data Control Division. In 1956, the first electronic computer became operational at Asheville, signaling the end for the high-speed electronic accounting machines (mostly IBM) used since World War II to process climatological data. Starting on 11 December 1957 the Climatic Center, USAF became a function within the 2150th Air Weather Squadron.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1960s
AWS abolished the Directorate of Climatology at Headquarters Air Weather Service and discontinued Detachment 3, Headquarters Air Weather Service on 1 July 1960. The Climatic Center, USAF became a "named activity" but remained within the 2150th Air Weather Squadron, which assumed control of Detachment 3's operating location (the Data Processing Division) at Asheville. On 1 July 1961 the 2150th was redesignated as the 1210th Weather Squadron and on 1 May 1963 it was reassigned from Headquarters Air Weather Service to the 4th Weather Group. In 1964, an IBM 7040 computer was installed at the Climatic Center.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1960s
Effective 15 December 1964 the Climatic Center, USAF was redesignated the Environmental Technical Applications Center (ETAC) and the Data Processing Division became Operating Location 1 (OL-1, 1210 WS) under ETAC. The 1210th was reassigned to the 6th Weather Wing on 8 October 1965. On 8 July 1967 the center became an organization, the United States Air Force Environmental Technical Applications Center, (USAFETAC) and the 1210th was discontinued.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1960s
Computer upgrades continued. OL-1 bought a new IBM 705-III from the Department of Agriculture in 1965 and an IBM 7044 replaced the 7040 in 1966. In 1968, twin RCA Spectra 70/45 computer systems were commissioned at Asheville for joint use by OL-1 and the National Climatic Data Center (then the National Weather Records Center).


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1970s
In July 1970, OL-1 was renamed OL-A. By 1972, OL-A's card-punching function had been all but eliminated, resulting in a manpower drop from about 200 to 122. A further reduction brought OL-A's authorized civilian strength to 83.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1970s
USAFETAC was reassigned to Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) on 1 August 1975. Effective 30 August 1975 the center transferred its flag from its Washington, D.C. Navy Yard Annex location to a location on the south side of Scott AFB, Illinois following a legal battle in Washington D.C. over where the Center should be located. The move, which took 13 months and put USAFETAC's project commitments about 2 years behind schedule, was declared complete on 31 October 1975 when the new PDP 11/45 and IBM 360/45 computers became operational.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1970s
In 1976, the merged HQ AWS and USAFETAC Library (the largest technical library dedicated to weather in the U.S) was designated Air Force Library #4414, and named the "AWS Technical Library". In 1979, the twin RCA computers at OL-A were replaced by UNIVAC 1100/10s. And, by the end of 1979, USAFETAC strength reached 232 people, with 149 of those employed at Scott AFB and 83 people employed at Asheville. By the end of the decade, the demand for climatological services remained extremely high, with the project backlog at nearly fifty thousand man-hours.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1980s and 90s
USAFETAC continued to use computer and electronic technologies as its computing power expanded exponentially through the '80s and '90s. When AWS was reassigned from Military Airlift Command, becoming a Field Operating Agency reporting to the USAF Director of Weather, USAFETAC was transferred from AFGWC to AWS on 9 July 1991. To better reflect the changing mission of the unit, USAFETAC was renamed the Air Force Combat Climatology Center (AFCCC) on 1 October 1995. AWS was redesignated as the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) on 15 October 1997.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 1980s and 90s
With the end of the Cold War, AFCCC faced a 45% cut in overall manning (civilian positions were to be cut by 65%). This required an organizational restructure. On 17 May 1996 USAF announced that AFCCC would move from Scott AFB to Asheville, NC. This move was completed on 1 July 1998, with the unit transferring its flag to the Federal Building Complex alongside the National Climatic Data Center. OL-A was discontinued with this change of station and its mission and personnel were absorbed by the center.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 21st century
In another reorganization of the Air Force Weather Agency, AFCCC was redesignated Air Force Combat Climatology Squadron on 28 February 2007. This redesignation was short lived and the squadron became the 14th Weather Squadron on 19 October 2007 and was reassigned to the 2nd Weather Group. At the end of 2007, the authorized strength of 14 WS stood at 95 positions. The 14 WS possesses the DoD's most complete repository of worldwide weather data, receiving nearly 500,000 weather observations and satellite-derived wind profiles each day. Over the unit's history, customer support has expanded to include all of the military services, the joint commands, AF and Army major commands, U.S. intelligence agencies, the White House and foreign allied military organizations.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 21st century
Today's military climatologists and analysts continue to fulfill customer requests similar to those of their predecessors as long as 60 years ago, but with improved techniques and equipment. Resources have grown from punched card data decks from the 1930s to many client/server networks and climatic databases.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 21st century
14 WS is continuously upgrading to the latest data visualization techniques and other technologies as they become available. In 2013, the squadron transitioned from a 15-year-old legacy data management system to an improved Joint METOC Ingest System, instantly doubling the unit's observation intake to 1.5 million weather observations a day. In addition, the unit launched its inaugural Geographic Information System (GIS) capability to display applied Geospatial Climatology. In January 2014, the 14WS began a more robust climate prediction and seasonal outlook capability to meet additional DoD and Intelligence Community requirements.


14th Weather Squadron, History, The 21st century
On 27 March 2015, AFWA was redesignated as the 557th Weather Wing (557 WW), a Special Mission Wing assigned to 12th Air Force (AFSOUTH) under Air Combat Command. On 29 October 2019, the 557 WW was reassigned under the new information warfare Numbered Air Force, the Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber).


14th Weather Squadron, Emblem
BLAZON: On a disc Azure, an anemometer Sable fimbriated or environed by a tri-parted knot Celeste overall; all within a narrow border Blue. Attached below the disc, a White scroll edged with a narrow Blue border and inscribed "14TH WEATHER SQUADRON" in Blue letters.


14th Weather Squadron, Emblem
SIGNIFICANCE: Ultramarine blue and Air Force yellow are the Air Force colors. Blue alludes to the sky, the primary theater of Air Force operations. Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel. The tri-parted knot alludes to the worldwide data base archived on computer tape. The weather anemometer icon denotes the unit's mission.


14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Service
The 14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment was organized at Wheeling in western Virginia on August 25, 1862. Most of its men came from neighboring areas in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and a number of the men of Company A were from Doddridge and Harrison County, West Virginia. Attached to Railroad Division, West Virginia, to January, 1863. New Creek, W. Va., Defenses Upper Potomac, 8th Army Corps, Middle Dept., to March, 1863. 5th Brigade, 1st Division. 8th Army Corps, to June, 1863. Mulligan's Brigade, Scammon's Division, West Virginia, to December, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, West Virginia, to April. 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, West Virginia, to January, 1865. 1st Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, West Virginia, to June, 1865.


14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
Ordered to Clarksburg, W. Va., and guard duty on the Upper Potomac, Headquarters at New Creek, until June, 1863. Expedition to Greenland Gap April 13–22, 1863. Action at Greenland Gap April 25 (Co. "A"). Duty at New Creek, Petersburg and Romney until April, 1864. Two companies were engaged in a skirmish with Confederate forces near Burlington, West Virginia on November 16, 1863, losing First Lieutenant George W. Hardman, Sergeant Samuel H. Morris and Private William Gardner killed. Burlington and Petersburg Turnpike November 19. Salem December 16. Jackson River, near Covington, December 19.


14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
Operations in Hampshire and Hardy Counties December 31, 1863 – January 5, 1864. Operations in Hampshire and Hardy Counties against Rosser January 27-February 7, 1864. Evacuation of Petersburg January 30. Crook's Expedition against Virginia & Tennessee Railroad May 2–19. Battle of Cloyd's Mountain May 9. New River Bridge May 10. Cove Mountain or Grassy Lick, near Wytheville May 10. Salt Pond Mountain and Gap Mountain May 12–13. Hunter's Expedition against Lynchburg May 26-July 1. Diamond Hill June 17. Lynchburg June 17–18. Retreat to Charleston June 18-July 1. Buford's Gap June 20. About Salem June 21.


14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Detailed Service
Moved to the Shenandoah Valley July 12–15. Snicker's Ferry July 17–18. Battle of Rutherford's Farm July 20. Second Battle of Kernstown July 23–24. Martinsburg July 25. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 6-November 28. Strasburg August 15. Halltown August 24 and 26. Battle of Berryville September 3. Third Battle of Winchester September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Camp Russell and in Shenandoah Valley until December. Myerstown November 28. Duty at Martinsburg, Cumberland, Md., and Winchester, Va., until June, 1865. On March 22, 1865, a detachment of Company H, armed in part with Henry repeating rifles, engaged a force of Confederates near Patterson Creek Station, West Virginia. Mustered out June 28, 1865.


14th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The 14th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment suffered 7 officers and 81 enlisted men killed in battle or died from wounds, and 1 officer and 157 enlisted men dead from disease for a total of 170 fatalities.


14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Four of its members received the Medal of Honor for service in the Second Battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862; among them the Color-Sergeant Denis Murphy (Green Bay), who, though wounded 3 times, continued bearing the colors throughout the battle.


14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Service
The 14th Wisconsin was raised at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, under Colonel David E. Wood. Wood was a prominent Fond du Lac citizen, former legislator and Circuit Court judge. The camp in Fond du Lac where they trained was renamed "Camp Wood," after him. The 14th Wisconsin was mustered into Federal service on January 30, 1862.


14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out on October 9, 1865, at Mobile, Alabama.


14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The 14th Wisconsin suffered 6 officers and 116 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 3 officers and 194 enlisted men (including Col. Wood) who died of disease, for a total of 319 fatalities.


14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, Casualties
A metal plaque on the grounds of Camp Randall in Madison, Wisconsin, states that 27 members of the 14th Wisconsin—all of whom are named on the plaque—died as a result of wounds received on April 7, 1862.


14th Wisconsin Legislature
The Fourteenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 9, 1861, to April 17, 1861, in regular session. The legislature re-convened in special session from May 15, 1861, to May 27, 1861, at the request of Wisconsin Governor Alexander Randall, to approve funding for a brigade of volunteers for the American Civil War.


14th Wisconsin Legislature
Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 6, 1860. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 8, 1859.


14th Wisconsin Legislature, Members, Members of the Senate
Members of the Wisconsin Senate for the Fourteenth Wisconsin Legislature:


14th World Science Fiction Convention
The 14th World Science Fiction Convention, also known as NyCon II or NEWYORCON, was held August 31–September 3, 1956, at the Biltmore Hotel in New York, New York, United States.


14th World Science Fiction Convention
The chairman was David A. Kyle. The Guest of Honor was Arthur C. Clarke. The toastmaster was Robert Bloch. Total attendance was approximately 850.


14th World Science Fiction Convention, Awards
The Hugo Awards, named after Hugo Gernsback, are presented every year for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The results are based on the ballots submitted by members of the World Science Fiction Society. Other awards, including the Astounding Award for Best New Writer (since 1973; named "John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer" until 2019), are also presented at each year's Worldcon.


14th World Science Fiction Convention, Fan politics
It was at this Worldcon that a group of fans (including Bob Tucker, Boyd Raeburn, Dick Eney, Ron Ellik and Ted White) who had not paid the $7 fee for the convention banquet chose to sit in the balcony and listen to the Guest of Honor speeches. Convention chair Kyle had a messenger tell the "Balcony Insurgents" that Kyle had said they could not sit there. Since almost every fan who wrote about the convention reported the incident, "Dave Kyle Says You Can't Sit Here" became a fannish catchphrase.


14th World Science Fiction Convention, Fan politics
The primary bid for the 15th World Science Fiction Convention was for London. This would be the first Worldcon outside North America, and there was a small but vocal jingoistic faction of Americans who argued for retaining the Worldcon in North America, claiming "If we let them have it they'll never give it back". Their campaign against the London proposal was opposed by other Americans, most audibly Anthony Boucher, and the London bid won by an ample margin, to loud cheers. There were reportedly petty efforts even after the vote was over to sabotage the London bid, but they failed to hinder it.


14th World Scout Jamboree
The 14th World Scout Jamboree was held July 29 to August 7, 1975, and was hosted by Norway at Lillehammer, on the shore of Lake Mjøsa.


14th World Scout Jamboree
King Olav V and Harald V of Norway, who then was crown prince, opened "Nordjamb '75", as it became popularly known, in the presence of 17,259 Scouts from 94 countries. The slogan was Five Fingers, One Hand, an example of international cooperation on the part of the five Nordic countries responsible for its organization.


14th World Scout Jamboree
The slogan for the Jamboree was represented in a number of ways, including one event that brought all of the Jamboree participants together into the central arena, where they formed a giant hand that was photographed from aircraft flying overhead.


14th World Scout Jamboree
The British contingent, led by Robert Baden-Powell, 3rd Baron Baden-Powell, included Scouts from Branches in Bermuda, Hong Kong and Rhodesia.


14th World Scout Jamboree
The program of this Jamboree included excursions in the mountains by international patrols, activity areas, Nordic trail, choir, visit to Maihaugen cultural museum, and the Jamboree Country Fair. The relationships that developed were in large measure due to the warm hospitality given to almost every visiting Scout in the homes of the hosts. This Jamboree included in the program several activities involving modern technology, as well as traditional pursuits such as hiking, orienteering and camping.


14th World Scout Jamboree
The Jamboree was also visited by Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden and Crown Prince Mohammed VI of Morocco.


14th World Scout Jamboree, Campsite
The campground was located on shore of the river Lågen where it enters Lake Mjøsa.


14th World Scout Jamboree, Campsite
The camp consisted of a central area and ten subcamps:


14th World Scout Jamboree, Activities
Each Scout had the opportunity to attend at the following activities:


14th World Scout Jamboree, Activities
On August 2, 1975, the Jamboree County Fair was celebrated. For this event Nord Crowns were issued as Camp currency.


14th Writers Guild of America Awards
The 14th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film writers and television writers of 1961. Winners were announced in 1962.


14th Yamaha Thailand Cup
1998 saw the 14th edition of the Yamaha Thailand Cup.


14th Yamaha Thailand Cup
It was Thailand's main inter-provincial competition, played between qualifiers from various regions.


14th Yamaha Thailand Cup
The first round saw four groups of four teams, of which the top two sides qualified for the Quarter-Final knockout stage.


14th Yamaha Thailand Cup
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration FC beat Nakhon Si Thammarat FC in the final.


14th Yamaha Thailand Cup, Group A
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration FC and Amnat Charoen advance to Quarter-Final stage.


14th Yamaha Thailand Cup, Group B
Nakhon Si Thammarat FC and Phetchaburi advanced to the next round


14th Yokohama Film Festival
The 14th Yokohama Film Festival (第14回ヨコハマ映画祭) was held on 7 February 1993 in Kannai Hall, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.


14th Youth in Film Awards
The 14th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music for the 1991-1992 season, and took place on January 16, 1993, at the Sportsmen's Lodge in Studio City, California.


14th Youth in Film Awards
Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Youth in Film Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Young Actress Co-Starring in a Motion Picture
★ Courtney Peldon - Out on a Limb (Universal Pictures)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Young Actor Under 10 in a Motion Picture
★ Joseph Gordon-Levitt - A River Runs Through It (Columbia Pictures)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Motion Picture, Best Young Actress Under 10 in a Motion Picture
★ Nancy Moore Atchison - Fried Green Tomatoes (Universal Pictures)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Movie, Best Young Actor in a Television Movie
★ Bumper Robinson - The Jacksons: An American Dream (ABC)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Movie, Best Young Actress in a Television Movie
★ Ariana Richards - Locked Up: A Mother's Rage (CBS)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Movie, Best Young Actress in a Cable Movie
★ Amy Stewart - Mark Twain and Me (Disney Channel)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Series, Best Young Actress Starring in a Cable Series
★ Melissa Joan Hart - Clarissa Explains It All (Nickelodeon)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Performer in a Television Series, Best Young Actor Recurring in a Television Series
★ (tie) Aeyrk Egan - Brooklyn Bridge (CBS)★ (tie) Bumper Robinson - Family Matters (CBS)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Voice-Over Performer, Outstanding Young Voice-Over in an Animated Series or Special
★ Chris Allport - Peter Pan and the Pirates (FOX)


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Ensemble Performance, Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast in a Motion Picture
★ Hook (TriStar Pictures) - Charlie Korsmo, Amber Scott, Ryan Francis, Dante Basco, Raushan Hammond, Jasen Fisher, James Madio, Isaiah Robinson, Thomas Tulak, Alex Zuckerman, Ahmad Stone, Bogdan Georghe, Adam McNatt, René González Jr, Brian Willis, and Alex Gaona


14th Youth in Film Awards, Best Young Ensemble Performance, Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast in a Youth Series or Variety Show
★ Roundhouse (Nickelodeon) - Alfred J. Carr Jr., John Crane, Mark David, Shawn Daywalt, Ivan Dudynsky, Micki Duran, Seymour Willis Green, Crystal Lewis, Dominic Lucero, Natalie Nucci, Julene Renee, and David Sidoni


14th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Michael Landon Award for Best Television Series
★ Home Improvement - Matt Williams, Carmen Finestra, David McFadzean


14th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Outstanding Family Entertainment of the Year
★ Walt Disney Pictures - Aladdin & Beauty and the Beast


14th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Outstanding Children's Educational Home Videos
★ Lisa Marie Nelson - ★ Ann Eldridge, Mark Warshaw -


14th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Outstanding Young Performers Starring in a Mini-Series
★ Alex Burrall & Jason Weaver - The Jacksons: An American Dream


14th Youth in Film Awards, Youth In Film's Special Awards, Most Promising Young Newcomers
★ Adam Hann-Byrd - Little Man Tate★ Anna Chlumsky - My Girl


14th arrondissement of Marseille
The 14th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille. It is governed locally together with the 13th arrondissement, with which it forms the 7th sector of Marseille.


14th arrondissement of Marseille, Education
The private Catholic school École Tour-Sainte is in the 14th arrondissement.


14th arrondissement of Marseille, Demographics
Euronews claimed in August 2021 that the 14th arrondissement is "one of the city's most deprived".


14th arrondissement of Paris
The 14th arrondissement of Paris (French: XIVe arrondissement [katɔʁzjɛm aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃]), officially named arrondissement de l'Observatoire (IPA: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃ də lɔpsɛʁvatwaʁ]; meaning "arrondissement of the Observatory", after the Paris Observatory), is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. It is situated on the left bank of the River Seine and contains most of the Montparnasse district. Although today Montparnasse is best known for its skyscraper, the Tour Montparnasse, and its major railway terminus, the Gare Montparnasse, these are both actually located in the neighboring 15th arrondissement. The district has traditionally been home to many artists as well as a Breton community, arrived at the beginning of the 20th century upon the creation of the Montparnasse railway terminus.


14th arrondissement of Paris
Universities located in the 14th arrondissement also include the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris, which is located near the Parc Montsouris, the Stade Charléty and the catacombs; and the Paris School of Economics.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Geography
The land area of this arrondissement is 5.621 km2 (2.17 sq. miles, or 1,389 acres).


14th arrondissement of Paris, Demography
The 14th arrondissement attained its peak population in 1954 when it had 181,414 inhabitants. It continues to have a high density of both population and business activity with 132,844 inhabitants and 71,836 jobs as of the last census, in 1999.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Demography, Immigration
2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Economy
Aéroports de Paris has its head office in the arrondissement. In addition Société d'exploitation de l'hebdomadaire Le Point (SEBDO Le Point), the company that operates Le Point, has its head office in the arrondissement.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Economy
SNCF, the French rail company, formerly had its head office in Montparnasse and the 14th arrondissement.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Government and infrastructure
La Santé Prison, operated by the Ministry of Justice, is in the arrondissement.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Government and infrastructure
The head office of the Agency for French Education Abroad (AEFE), the French international schooling network, is in the arrondissement.


14th arrondissement of Paris, Culture
The International Astronomical Union head office is located on the second floor of the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris. The Théâtre Rive Gauche is located at 6, rue de la Gaîté. Several contemporary art galleries are also located in the 14th arrondissement, such as the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, the Musée Adzak and the Gallery of Montparnasse.


14th century
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 (MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa and the Indian Subcontinent experienced economic growth and prosperity.


14th century
In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives – wiping out one third of the European population – while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire.


14th century
In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conqueror. Scholars estimate that Timur's military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population at the time. Synchronously, the Timurid Renaissance emerged. In the Arab world, historian and political scientist Ibn Khaldun and explorer Ibn Battuta made significant contributions. In India, the Bengal Sultanate got divided from the Delhi Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world. The sultanate was described by the Europeans as the richest country to trade with. The Mongol court was driven out of China and retreated to Mongolia, the Ilkhanate collapsed, the Chaghatayid dissolved and broke into two parts, and the Golden Horde lost its position as a great power in Eastern Europe.


14th century
In Africa, the wealthy Mali Empire, a global leader of gold production, reached its territorial and economic height under the reign of Mansa Musa I of Mali, the wealthiest individual of the medieval times, and according to various sources as history's ever.


14th century BC
The 14th century BC is a century which lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.


14th century in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the century 1301–1400 to Wales and its people.


14th century in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 14th century.


14th century in philosophy
This is a list of philosophy-related events in the 14th century.


14th general convention of Nepali Congress
14th general convention of Nepali Congress is scheduled for 25–29 November 2021, having been postponed from its earlier planned date of 19–22 February , then 23–26 August, and again from the planned 1–4 September schedule.


14th government of Turkey
The 14th government of Turkey (9 March 1943 – 7 August 1946) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called second Saracoğlu government.


14th government of Turkey, Background
The government was formed after the general elections held on 28 February 1943. Şükrü Saracoğlu of Republican People's Party (CHP), who was also the prime minister of the previous government, was appointed as the prime minister.


14th government of Turkey, The government
In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".


14th government of Turkey, Aftermath
The government ended after the general elections held on 21 July 1946. Although his party won the elections, Saracoğlu retired from active politics due to health problems.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic
The 14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic is the parliament elected in the 2012 French legislative election.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the executive, Successive Presidents of the Republic
During the passage to the 14th legislature, François Hollande is president of the Republic since 36 days. He decides not to run for a second term. Emmanuel Macron succeeds him on May 14, 2017 after the presidential election of 2017.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the executive, Successive Presidents of the Republic
François Hollande,president of the Republicfrom 15 May 2012to 14 May 2017.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the executive, Prime Ministers and successive governments
François Hollande first reappointed Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister on June 20, 2012, which composes a single government. Manuel Valls is then named on March 31, 2014, which consists of two governments. Bernard Cazeneuve succeeds him on December 6, 2016 and will remain head of a single government until the election of Emmanuel Macron to the presidency of the Republic. The last government of the fourteenth legislature is that of Édouard Philippe, which is renewed following the parliamentary elections of June 2017.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
155 women were elected or reelected and make up 26.86% of French MPs:


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
125 women MPs from left-wing parties. 29 women MPs from right-wing parties. 1 women MP from the Front National party.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
The oldest member of the National Assembly is François Scellier, from the Radical Party, linked to the larger UMP conservative grouping. He represents the 6th Constituency of Val d'Oise and was 76 years old at the beginning of the current parliamentary term.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly
The youngest member of the National Assembly is Marion Maréchal-Le Pen from the Front National, the MP for the 3rd Constituency of Vaucluse. She was 22 years old at the beginning of the current parliamentary term and was actually the youngest ever MP elected under the French Fifth Republic.


14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Composition of the National Assembly, Changes in composition
Members of the National Assembly who join the government are required to give up their seats to their substitutes (suppléants) a month after their appointment, as stipulated in the constitution. Should ministers quit the government, they recover their seat in the National Assembly from their substitute a month after their resignation. By-elections are held in the event of the annulation of electoral results or vacancies caused by resignations (in most circumstances not those related to the death of a deputy, in which case the substitute takes the seat if possible), except within the year before legislative elections.


14th meridian east
The meridian 14° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


14th meridian east
The 14th meridian east forms a great circle with the 166th meridian west.


14th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 14th meridian east passes through:


14th meridian west
The meridian 14° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


14th meridian west
The 14th meridian west forms a great circle with the 166th meridian east.


14th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 14th meridian west passes through:


14th of July Bridge
The Bridge of the 14th July (Arabic: جسر 14 تموز) is a suspension bridge over the Tigris in Baghdad, Iraq that carries vehicle and pedestrian traffic. The bridge carries Arbataash Tamuz (14th of July) street from the center of the city (formerly the Green Zone) south into the Karrada peninsula.


14th of July Bridge
The bridge is named after July 14, 1958, the day in which the Hashemite monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'état. It is the only suspension bridge in Baghdad.


14th of July Bridge
The bridge has two lanes in each direction, but in practice only one lane is used because of the strict security checks.


14th of July Bridge
The suspension bridge has a span of 167.64m (550ft), of which the lateral openings are 83.82m (275ft) wide. Since the ground of Baghdad consists of alluvium, the anchor of the ropes does not provide enough support in order to withstand the tensile forces, so the bridge is a so-called self-anchored (spurious) suspension bridge.


14th of July Bridge
David B. Steinman was awarded the contract for designing the bridge in 1956, however the bridge was unable to start construction until 1961, due to the political circumstances in Iraq and the fact that Steinman died in 1960. The bridge is painted in the shade of green which Steinman preferred.


14th of July Bridge
In the Gulf War the bridge was attacked on 9 February 1991 during Operation Desert Storm, which killed three and injured six, causing large-scale damage to the bridge. The bridge was re-opened on 25 October 2003 after the fall of Saddam Hussein. However, following a bombing in Baghdad on 13 November 2003, it was closed until the middle of 2004 for safety reasons.


14th parallel north
The 14th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 14 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, Central America, the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean.


14th parallel north
At this latitude the sun is visible for 12 hours, 57 minutes during the summer solstice and 11 hours, 18 minutes during the winter solstice.


14th parallel north, Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 14° north passes through:


14th parallel south
The 14th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 14 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.


14th parallel south, Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 14° south passes through:


14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla
The 14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla was a Royal Navy minesweeper flotilla based in Malta during the Second World War.


14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla, History
The flotilla comprised four fleet minesweepers from the Devonport based 14th M/S Flotilla – two Halcyon class (HMS Speedy and HMS Hebe) and two Bangor class (HMS Rye and HMS Hythe).


14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla, History
The four vessels were detached from 14th M/S Flotilla in 1942 and designated 17th M/S Flotilla on arrival in Gibraltar. The flotilla commander was Cdr Doran RN in HMS Speedy.


14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla, History
The flotilla proceeded to Malta in June 1942 as part of the Malta Convoy Operation Harpoon. The four sweepers cleared the approaches to Grand Harbour and led the Harpoon convoy into Malta. During its service in Malta the flotilla was known as 14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla. The flotilla participated in the famous Malta Convoy Operation Pedestal during August 1942, which included the rescue of the oil tanker SS Ohio, for which Lt J. A. Pearson of HMS Rye was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.


14th/20th King's Hussars
The 14th/20th King's Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. It was created by the amalgamation of the 14th King's Hussars and the 20th Hussars in 1922 and, after service in the Second World War, it amalgamated with the Royal Hussars to become the King's Royal Hussars in 1992.


14th/20th King's Hussars, History
The regiment, which was initially styled the 14th/20th Hussars, was created by the amalgamation of the 14th King's Hussars and the 20th Hussars in 1922. It was re-titled the 14th/20th King's Hussars in December 1936. The regiment, which was based in India at the start of the Second World War, dispatched a cadre of personnel to form the 26th Hussars in February 1941. The remainder of the regiment was deployed to Iraq and Persia later that year to guard the oil fields. It landed in Italy in 1944 and then took part in the capture of Medicina in April 1945.


14th/20th King's Hussars, History
After the war the regiment remained in Germany until 1946 when it moved to Cambrai Lines at Catterick Garrison as RAC Training Regiment. It moved to Haig Lines in Church Crookham in January 1951 and then deployed to Libya in November 1952. The regiment joined 20th Armoured Brigade and moved to Portsmouth Barracks in Munster in March 1956 and then transferred to 11th Infantry Brigade and re-located to Haig Barracks in Hohne in November 1960.


14th/20th King's Hussars, History
The regiment deployed to Wavell Barracks in Benghazi in 1962 from where it sent units to Cyprus in December 1963 and again in May 1965. It returned home in January 1966 but joined 6th Infantry Brigade and moved to Barker Barracks in Paderborn in December 1966. In June 1970 it returned home to join 5th Infantry Brigade with its base at Aliwal Barracks in Tidworth Camp from where it deployed units to Northern Ireland at the height of the Troubles.


14th/20th King's Hussars, History
It returned to West Germany in a new role as a recce regiment based at Harewood Barracks in Herford in May 1973 from where it continued to deploy units to Northern Ireland. It moved to Bovington Camp as RAC Centre Regiment in May 1976 and then joined 1st Armoured Division with its new base at Caen Barracks in Hohne in December 1977.


14th/20th King's Hussars, History
The regiment re-roled as RAC Centre Regiment at Cambrai Barracks at Catterick Garrison in May 1985 and then returned to West Germany to join 4th Infantry Brigade based at York Barracks at Münster in March 1988. It was amalgamated with the Royal Hussars to become the King's Royal Hussars on 4 December 1992.


14th/20th King's Hussars, Regimental museum
The Museum of the 14th/20th King's Hussars was in the Museum of Lancashire in Preston until it closed in 2016.


14th/20th King's Hussars, Battle honours
The combined battle honours of the 14th King's Hussars and the 20th Hussars, plus:


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia)
The 14th/32nd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army which served during the Second World War. It was formed in September 1942 by the amalgamation of the 14th and 32nd Battalions and was assigned to the 6th Brigade, 4th Division in Geraldton, Western Australia. The battalion served firstly in Australia and then later New Guinea, being employed mainly on garrison duties, before being transferred to the 5th Division and deployed to New Britain late in the war where it took part briefly in the Australian containment campaign on that island. In April 1945 it returned to Australia  for rest and re-organisation and was disbanded later that year without seeing further combat.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, Formation
By mid-1942, an over mobilisation of Australia's military forces resulted in a manpower shortage in the Australian economy. In order to rectify this situation, the Australian government decided to amalgamate and disband a number of units from the Militia in order to free up their personnel and return them to the civilian workforce. As a result, on 12 October 1942, the 14th and 32nd Battalions, which had been undertaking garrison duties around Geraldton, Western Australia, were amalgamated to form the 14th/32nd Battalion. Upon formation the battalion adopted the territorial title of the "Prahran/Footscray Regiment" and was assigned to the 6th Brigade, 4th Division.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, Formation
The battalion's personnel were drawn predominately from the 14th Battalion, although 164 officers and men from the 32nd who had volunteered to serve under the same conditions of the Second Australian Imperial Force, were transferred to the 14th/32nd at this time. As more than 65 per cent of the battalion's 996 personnel volunteered for overseas service,  the battalion was designated as an Australian Imperial Force battalion, meaning that it could be sent outside the territorial limits imposed by the Defence Act (1903).


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
After this, the 14th/32nd Battalion was moved to the Atherton Tablelands in Queensland, to undertake amphibious landing and jungle warfare training in preparation for deployment overseas. In July 1943, they were sent to Port Moresby, New Guinea, where they once again filled the role of garrison troops for almost a year, operating between Buna, Gona and Nassau Bay.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
In 1944, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Caldwell, who had previously commanded at company-level in Greece and the Middle East, the battalion was attached to the 5th Division and on 4 November the 14th/32nd Battalion, forming the vanguard of the 6th Brigade, carried out an amphibious landing at Jacquinot Bay on New Britain.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
Although opposition to the landing was expected, the 14th/32nd Battalion arrived on the beach and found that the Japanese defenders had withdrawn further down the coast. This allowed the battalion to concentrate on the task of establishing a beachhead and unloading stores. This task was made more difficult though by a torrential downpour on 6 November, nevertheless they were eventually able to establish themselves around Pal Mal Mal Plantation and patrols were sent out to locate the Japanese.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
By 10 November, patrols reached the Esis River and after contacting locals it was found that the Japanese were withdrawing towards the Gazelle Peninsula, where it was estimated that about 93,000 Japanese were stationed. Due to the size of the Japanese garrison, as the rest of the 5th Division began to arrive on the island, it was decided that the Australians would undertake a campaign of containment rather than engage in offensive operations.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
As a part of this campaign, the 14th/32nd Battalion was assigned the task of advancing 75 miles (121 km) along the coast from Jacquinot Bay to Henry Reid Bay. With no roads and only narrow tracks, the going was difficult and in order to improve mobility the battalion used barges to carry out a series of landings as they advanced through Sampun and Lampun, passing around Wide Bay, before reaching Kalai Plantation in mid-February 1945.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
At Kalai the battalion moved into the Kamandran Mission where they received intelligence reports of a force of about 200 Japanese occupying a position at Gogbulo creek. Fighting patrols were sent out, but no contact was made, although evidence of occupation was found indicating that the Japanese were moving back to a defensive position to the north of Mavelo river. Before they could launch an assault, however, the battalion was relieved by the 19th Battalion and on 28 February the 19th crossed the Mavelo.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
Following this the Japanese withdrew back towards the mountains around the Waitavalo and Tol Plantations, and in early March an attempt was made to force a crossing on the Wulwut river. After initially being turned back by intense Japanese mortar and machine-gun fire, the 19th made a successful second attempt, forcing the Japanese back further towards Mount Sugi and Bacon Hill.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
As orders were passed for an attack to be made on this position, the 14th/32nd was brought up to relieve the 19th. The Japanese position sat atop a 600-foot (180 m) hill which rose steeply, up to 45 degrees in some places, from the jungle below.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
In preparation, the 14th/32nd occupied a number of positions around Bacon Hill and at 9:55 am on 16 March 1945 the attack began with two companies, 'B' and 'D', attacking under the cover of an intense artillery barrage provided by elements of the 2/14th Field Regiment, with direct fire support being provided by 'A' and 'C' Companies from the high ground surrounding the hill. The Japanese defences were well-prepared though, and machine-gun and mortar fire from well-sited positions soon pinned down two platoons from 'B' Company.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
In order to regain momentum, a flanking move to the left was undertaken by 'D' Company, but after two hours they too came under intense machine-gun fire as they attempted to round Mount Sugi and attack the Japanese from the rear, forcing them to dig-in to the north of Bacon Hill. At this point the situation became quite desperate for the attackers, and a number of Australian platoons found themselves embroiled in an intense battle. Finally, late in the day, after having lost 10 men killed and another 13 wounded the attack was called off.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
The attack was resumed early the following day with two companies attacking from the north and digging-in on the eastern approaches to the hill while two platoons clambered up the steep western slope amidst heavy Japanese mortar and grenade attacks. By nightfall the Australians, who had lost a further six men killed and 17 wounded, were in control of most of the position, although two Japanese positions were still holding out. On 18 March the attack was resumed and finally, by 3:00 pm, the last Japanese had been cleared from the hill.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, New Guinea and New Britain
Following the battle, the battalion continued patrolling operations beyond the Waitavalo–Tol area but no further contact was made. On 21 March when they were relieved once more by the 19th Battalion. A week later, on 28 March, the 13th Brigade began to relieve the units of the 6th Brigade, and over the following fortnight the transition took place. On 12 April the battalion returned to Kalai where they received the news that they were being returned to Australian for rest and re-organisation in preparation for further operations. On 7 May 1945 they embarked upon the troopship Duntroon, arriving in Brisbane a week later.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), History, Disbandment
With the war seen to be coming to a close, the Army decided to disband the 6th Brigade and its component units, and as a result, the 14th/32nd was disbanded on 21 July 1945, while at Loganlea. During the war the battalion lost 31 men killed or died on active service and a further 46 wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: one Distinguished Service Order, one Order of the British Empire, one British Empire Medal, two Military Crosses, one Distinguished Conduct Medal, one Military Medal, and seven Mention in Dispatches.


14th/32nd Battalion (Australia), Battle honours
For their service during the Second World War, the 14th/32nd Battalion received the following battle honours:


14ymedio
14ymedio is the first independent digital media outlet in Cuba. It was founded on May 21, 2014, by the Cuban blogger and activist Yoani Sánchez and the Cuban journalist Reinaldo Escobar. The project started with a group of 12 reporters, whose objective was to produce a digital media outlet with different types of news. The newspaper contains news about Cuba and the world, in topics related to national politics, international politics, economy, culture, society, science and technology, and sports. It also publishes editorials, opinion articles, and interviews.


14ymedio
The name '14ymedio' characterizes the project in several ways. First, the number '14' is because the newspaper was born "on the fourteenth floor, in the fourteenth year of the new millennium". The letter 'Y' has been a constant characteristic in other projects of Yoani Sánchez, its founder, who also founded "Generación Y"; while 'medio' refers to the media and to the journalistic connotation of the project.


14ymedio
14ymedio is born in digital format in one of the countries with the lowest internet connectivity across the globe. Given the political situation in Cuba, where the government controls all media and regularly blocks access to websites that are hostile to its administration, the newspaper operates without access to the internet. The team uploads the information by using Wifi access from hotels. Currently, most Cubans do not have access to the publication due to continued issues with broad internet access and the government's ability to control its availability and functionality.


14ymedio, History
14ymedio starts as personal project of its founder: Yoani Sánchez, the founder 'Generación Y', a blog that now has about a thousand published texts and more than a million comments. Its main objective is "to inform, to open space for debate, to respect those who think differently, and to harmonize free speech with civic responsibility". For its initial funding, the newspaper received approximately $150.000 in private investment.


14ymedio, History
The first edition of 14ymedio was focused on a wide variety of topics, including politics, culture and society. It offered a critique to the Cuban healthcare system and questioned the status of baseball as the national sport. Its cover included the story "Red Dawn: Havana is killing out there", by Víctor Ariel González, in which violence in the capital of the island is discussed; an opinion article about the economic reforms promoted by Raúl Castro, written by the dissident blogger Miriam Celaya.


14ymedio, History
Three hours after 14ymedio published its first edition on the internet, the site was hacked. Those who tried to access the site were redirected to a webpage titled "Yoani$landia", which mentioned that Cubans are tired about the fact that Yoani Sánchez tries to portray herself as the 'Mother Teresa of Calcutta' of the Cuban dissidents. Internet technicians later on tested it was ETECSA, the communications monopoly of the Cuban government, that hacked the page. From places outside Cuba, users can access the site without any restriction.


14ymedio, History
Recognizing that restricting access to the site was an initiative of the Cuban government, Yoani Sánchez published in her Twitter account: "Wrong strategy from the Cuban government. There is nothing more attractive than the forbidden".


14ymedio, History
The actions of the Cuban government against 14ymedio have provoked various reactions in the international arena. The Inter American Press Association (IAPA) blamed the Cuban government for restricting the access to the site and promoting censorship. They claimed that the government's actions show that Cuban rulers still believe that "freedom of expression is a grant and not a human right". Roberta Jacobson, the Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, condemned the blockade on her Twitter account too.


14ymedio, History
Despite these actions against the newspaper, 14ymedio has not stopped publishing daily since the day of its release. The site showed consistency in its publications and growth in terms of the number of people it reached. By May 2014, 14ymedio had reached 6,000 followers on Facebook and 11,500 on Twitter.


14ymedio, History
14ymedio has also been internationally recognized by a variety of leading international newspapers and media outlets. Al-Jazeera highlighted that 14ymedio is "the first independent media outlet in Cuba in 50 years to test the Castro regime's tolerance for dissent". BBC considered that 14ymedio will  "contribute with information so that Cubans can decide with more maturity their own destinies", while Vice News described the newspaper as "a new player in town in the homogenous media landscape of the communist island that is already testing the limits of the government's strict controls on the digital sphere".


14ymedio, Content
Currently, 14ymedio publishes more than a dozen of articles per day. It publishes both original content and international news that come from other agencies, such as:


14ymedio, Content
14ymedio reports in real time on national and international events that may be relevant to those living in Cuba. Similarly, it seeks to inform those living outside Cuba about the situation in the island. When Cuba and the United States announced the normalization of their diplomatic relations in December 2014, 14ymedio was the only independent newspaper present in Cuba, reporting on the news and reactions in real time. The articles that were published by 14ymedio were quoted in major newspapers and media outlets such as  The New York Times, The Washington Post, Time Magazine, El País, and others. Similarly, 14ymedio was a vital source of information during Roberta Jacobson's visit to Cuba. The Assistant Secretary of State even visited the headquarters of 14ymedio in Havana.


14ymedio, Content
As a consequence of the positive response that the newspaper received from the public, the team decided to launch an English Edition, to allow non-Spanish speaking readers to receive information directly from Cuba, about the restoration of diplomatic relations with the United States as well as about the general situation of the island. The English Edition of 14ymedio works thanks to the collaboration of volunteer translators, who are responsible of translating the articles that might be relevant for people in the United States or in other English speaking countries.


14ymedio, 14ymedio's team
14ymedio's team is directed by Yoani Sánchez, and operates from her apartment in Cuba. It is conformed by 12 reporters and collaborators. Some of the members of the team are  Lilianne Ruiz; Luz Escobar, Reinaldo Escobar's daughter; and Víctor Ariel González, son of the dissident blogger Miriam Celaya.


14ymedio, 14ymedio's team
By the end of 2014, several members of 14ymedio's team were arrested. Reinaldo Escobar, for example, was detained as he left his own apartment; he was handcuffed and taken to patrol n.628, that was waiting for him in front of the building. Víctor Ariel González was also detained for a couple hours. During that day, Yoani Sánchez remained under house arrest.


14ymedio, Editorial line
14ymedio seeks to counter the monopoly of the official media, and believes that the press plays an important role in the formation of civic consciousness and the conquest of freedom. The members of the team insist that 14ymedio is not a blog or a newspaper from the opposition. They define 14ymedio as a way to balance the flood of official information by neutrally emphasizing on the issues that the government does not want to inform.


14ymedio, Editorial line
Victor Ariel González said that the newspaper is born with the idea that someday there will be a democracy in Cuba, and that people will read 14ymedio and say: "well, this newspaper has been publishing since those times when it was prohibited to do so". Similarly, Sánchez explained that 14ymedio has the promise of being independent and transparent, and claimed that she chose online journalism over politics, in order to express her criticism on the Cuban current system, rather than participating in politics as a member of the opposition.


14ymedio, Cuban government position towards 14ymedio
According to the Granma, the official newspaper of Cuba, the purpose of 14ymedio is to "feed campaigns of disinformation and defamation against Cuba". The Cuban government also affirmed that 14ymedio is one of the projects of rebellion that the United States government funds and support in Cuba.


14ymedio, Recognition
14ymedio's work is now potentiated with the 'Yahoo! Fellowship' that Yoani Sánchez obtained from Georgetown University, in recognition of her work towards the promotion of online freedom of expression. 'Yahoo! Fellow' is a research scholarship on International Values, Communications, Technology and the Global Internet that will allow Sánchez to share her experience of launching an online newspaper in a closed society. Sánchez expressed that the fellowship at Georgetown is an opportunity for her to improve the quality of her own work, to empower independent journalism in Cuba, and to interact with students and faculty in order to broaden her perspective of the world and of Cuba itself.


14–18 NOW
14–18 NOW was the UK's arts programme for the First World War centenary. Working with arts and heritage partners all across the UK, the programme commissioned new artworks from 420 contemporary artists, musicians, filmmakers, designers and performers, inspired by the period 1914–1918.


14–18 NOW, History
In October 2012, the UK government announced its plans for marking the centenary of the First World War. They were to include an arts programme formally announced in June 2013 as the 'First World War Centenary Cultural Programme'. In line with standard guidelines on government support for arts organisations, this subsequently became 14–18 NOW, an independent organisation with its own board hosted within Imperial War Museums. It is funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, Arts Council England, the DCMS together with other public, voluntary and private supporters.


14–19 Diploma
The 14-19 Diploma was a composite qualification in England launched in September 2008. Its development was announced in the 14–19 Education and Skills White Paper of March 2005. It was available to learners between the ages of 14 and 19, crossing the divide between general education and vocational education. It was closed by the Department for Education in August 2013, and is no longer offered to students.


14–19 Diploma, Diploma lines of learning, levels, and qualification structure
Diplomas were available in a range of 14 industry/employment sectors. These were known as lines of learning (rather than subjects). These include Engineering, Creative and Media and Travel and Tourism. Diplomas were not intended as preparation for direct entry into a profession, but as a general education as well as an introduction to an industry sector from which a student might progress, either through further study in full-time education, or training.


14–19 Diploma, Diploma lines of learning, levels, and qualification structure
All 14 lines of learning were available at levels 1, 2 and 3 of the National Qualifications Framework. At level 1, the Diploma was known as a Foundation Diploma and was roughly equivalent in terms of challenge and volume of study to 5 GCSE qualifications at grades D - G. At level 2, the Diploma is known as a Higher Diploma which is comparable in terms of challenge and volume of study to 7 A* - C grades at GCSE. At level 3, two sizes of Diploma were available. The Advanced Diploma was comparable in challenge and volume of study to 3.5 A-levels, whereas the Progression Diploma, involved a smaller volume of study, approximated to 2.5 A-levels.


14–19 Diploma, Diploma lines of learning, levels, and qualification structure
Most Diplomas had three main components: principal learning, generic learning and additional and specialist learning. Principal learning was a single qualification, based on the chosen line of learning. This qualification made up the greatest proportion of the Diploma. Generic learning included a number of sub-components: functional skills qualifications in English, Mathematics and ICT; a project qualification; a minimum of 10 days work experience and achievement of six personal, learning and thinking skills. The additional and specialist learning component permitted the student to choose to include one or more qualifications in their Diploma. These qualifications may, but do not have to, relate to the line of learning. The Progression Diploma did not include the additional and specialist learning component.


14–19 Diploma, UCAS
Although UCAS tariff points were agreed for the advanced diplomas, many universities didn't accept the qualification for entry to further study. This led to the ultimate demise of the qualification.


15 (Ani Lorak album)
15  is the tenth album by Ukrainian singer-songwriter Ani Lorak, released by Lavina Music.


15 (Buckcherry album)
15 is Buckcherry's third studio album and the first with a new line-up, released on October 17, 2005 in Japan and on April 6, 2006 in North America. The Japanese version features two bonus tracks. "Crazy Bitch" was the first single off the album and enjoyed success on the pop charts. The second single was "Next 2 You" which peaked at No. 18 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The band confirmed, via MySpace, that the album has been certified Platinum by the RIAA for sales of 1,000,000 copies surpassing their debut album.


15 (Buckcherry album)
The fifth and last single, "Sorry", has become their highest charting single to date on the US Hot 100. After 98 weeks on the Billboard 200, the album became the first Buckcherry album to reach the Top 40, peaking at 39. "Pump it Up", a Japanese edition bonus track, is used by the NHL's Edmonton Oilers as their introduction song.


15 (Phatfish album)
15 is the two disc "Fifteen Year Anniversary Collection" from Phatfish, released in 2008. It contains 32 songs from the collection of Phatfish albums and EPs spanning back to 1994. The most recent tracks are taken from 2007's Guaranteed.


15 (film)
15 is a 2003 Singaporean coming-of-age black comedy-drama film about teenage gangsters in the Singapore suburbs. Directed by Royston Tan, the film is an expanded version of Tan's 2002 award-winning short film, also titled 15. It is one of the few Singaporean films to feature brief full-frontal male nudity, together with the Singaporean-Thai film Pleasure Factory and the Singaporean-Hong Kong film Bugis Street.