1000 Forms of Fear, Composition
1000 Forms of Fear is primarily an electropop album, with influences of hip hop and reggae. It opens with "Chandelier", an electropop song that features a reggae-influenced beat. Lyrically, the track talks about "the glitter and fatigue of a party girl's life." The follow-up, "Big Girls Cry", was compared to Alanis Morissette's "Hands Clean". On "Burn the Pages", Sia described a friend she wants to cheer up: "You're twisted up like a slipknot / Tied by a juicehead who just took his T-shot."


1000 Forms of Fear, Composition
"Eye of the Needle" is a "military-march" piano ballad, while "Hostage" is a new wave pop and ska track that features Sia's voice "cracking like a punk singer." The sixth song, "Straight for the Knife", is instrumented by strings and lyrically details a tempestuous relationship: "But will someone find me swinging from the rafters / I’m hanging on your every word."


1000 Forms of Fear, Composition
"Fair Game", where Sia sings "Watch me squirm baby, but you're just what I need," is a minimalist and string-laden song about the desire to find an equal partner. The solo version of "Elastic Heart", which originally featured The Weeknd and Diplo, is a trap song. The song addresses "the overwhelming strength [Sia] needed to convince herself that life was worth living after coming out of a crushing relationship."


1000 Forms of Fear, Composition
"Free the Animal" lyrically "imagines being killed in lurid, masochistic detail" with the lyrics "Detonate me / Shoot me like a cannon ball / Granulate me / Kill me like an animal." The tenth song, "Fire Meet Gasoline", was compared to Beyoncé's "Halo" by Harriet Gibsone from The Guardian. "Cellophane" is an electropop track, where Sia likens herself to "a basket filled with pain." 1000 Forms of Fear concludes with "Dressed in Black", which Heather Phares of AllMusic described as a ballad "with more depth than the ones she writes for hire."


1000 Forms of Fear, Singles
"Chandelier" served as 1000 Forms of Fear's lead single. It was released for digital download onto the iTunes Stores on 17 March 2014. A music video for the song was released on 6 May 2014 and has been viewed on YouTube more than 2 billion times. It features dancer Maddie Ziegler in a blonde wig resembling a Sia hairstyle. The single became a commercial success, peaking at number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming the first single by Sia to appear on the chart as a lead artist.


1000 Forms of Fear, Singles
"Chandelier" also peaked within the top five of record charts in Europe and Oceania countries, including: Flanders and France (number one), Australia and Norway (number two), New Zealand (number three), United Kingdom (number six), and Slovakia (number five). The track was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association and gold by Recorded Music NZ.


1000 Forms of Fear, Singles
"Big Girls Cry" was made available for music download on 25 June. On 2 April 2015, a music video was released, starring Ziegler in the same blonde wig in front of a black background, contorting her face and using her hands to express a slew of emotions.


1000 Forms of Fear, Singles
"Elastic Heart" was released as the third single from 1000 Forms of Fear in January 2015. A music video for the song was released on 7 January 2015 and features Ziegler in the same blonde wig dancing in a giant birdcage opposite actor Shia LaBeouf. It has been viewed on YouTube more than 1 billion times. "Elastic Heart" peaked at number 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and charted within the top five charts of several countries, including Australia and Ireland.


1000 Forms of Fear, Singles
"Fire Meet Gasoline" was officially released as the fourth and last single from the album in Germany on 19 June 2015. A music video was released on 23 April 2015 on YouTube. It was filmed for Heidi Klum's lingerie line, and stars Klum and Game of Thrones actor Pedro Pascal.


1000 Forms of Fear, Singles, Promotional singles
"Eye of the Needle" was released digitally on 3 June 2014 as a promotional single.


1000 Forms of Fear, Promotion
I already have a much larger concept for this album and for how I'm going to present it and that was: I don't want to be famous. If Amy Winehouse was a beehive then I guess I'm a blonde bob. I thought 'well if that's my brand, how can I avoid having to use my face to sell something', so my intention was to create a blonde bob brand. Throughout this whole thing I'll put a different person in a blonde bob and either they lip-synch while I'm doing a live performance or they perform a dance or do some sort of performance while I have my back to the audience, as with Ellen.


1000 Forms of Fear, Promotion
In an interview with Dazed & Confused, Sia explained that she had decided not to show her face in videos and press shots in the campaign for 1000 Forms of Fear; instead, she focused on creating visual art through her videos. During the promotion of the album, Sia recruited Ziegler to be her persona on stage and performed with her back facing to the camera. On 19 May 2014, Sia performed "Chandelier" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, where Maddie Ziegler recreated the choreography in the music video. Sia also performed the song on Late Night with Seth Meyers on 9 June 2014, with Girls star Lena Dunham performing the choreography. On 4 July 2014, Sia made an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, where she performed "Chandelier", "Big Girls Cry" and "Elastic Heart".


1000 Forms of Fear, Promotion
On 30 July 2014, Sia performed "Chandelier", "Elastic Heart" and "Big Girls Cry" on the VH1's show "SoundClash". On 17 January 2015, Sia performed "Chandelier" and "Elastic Heart" on Saturday Night Live. On 8 February 2015, Sia and Ziegler together with actress Kristen Wiig performed "Chandelier" in a room reminiscent of the video set on the 2015 Grammy Awards telecast.


1000 Forms of Fear, Critical reception
1000 Forms of Fear received generally positive reviews from critics. The Boston Globe critic Sarah Rodman described the release as "dynamite," while Heather Phares from AllMusic called the album "the sound of [Sia] owning her success." Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Helen Brown praised the album's production and "inspirational" lyrics showcasing Sia struggling to deal with drug addiction and bipolar disorder. Rolling Stone's Julianne Escobedo Shepherd simply wrote that "she sounds like a superstar;" while Maura Johnston of Spin characterised 1000 Forms of Fear as "a chunk of the human emotional spectrum committed to record." On behalf of The New York Times, Jon Pareles lauded the "loopy, unresolved passions" on the album in favour of "the triumphal, laminated, computer-perfected tone of Sia’s clients."


1000 Forms of Fear, Critical reception
Writing for Slant Magazine, Annie Galvin opined that 1000 Forms of Fear "should be the vessel that rockets the singer out of relative obscurity and into the stratosphere populated by those more recognizable stars who've come to dominate the pop-music universe thanks, in part, to her songwriting skills." Mikael Wood writing for the Los Angeles Times praised Sia's vocals and the production held by Greg Kurstin. Likewise, Entertainment Weekly's Adam Markovitz positively viewed Sia's voice as "astonishing," giving the album a B score. Robert Christgau gave the album a one-star honorable mention (), citing "Chandelier" and "Elastic Heart" as highlights.


1000 Forms of Fear, Critical reception
On a less enthusiastic review, The Guardian's Harriet Gibsone shared that the album was so impeccable and "contemporary-sounding" that "its impact may fade with time." The A.V. Club writer Annie Zaleski wrote: "1000 Forms of Fear certainly has the songs and contemporary sheen to make Sia a star in her own right, but it's at the expense of both her emotional intimacy and her offbeat personality."


1000 Forms of Fear, Critical reception, Accolades
Sarah Rodman of The Boston Globe labelled 1000 Forms of Fear the "Best Surprise" of 2014. It ranked number 13 on Digital Spy's list of Top 15 Albums of 2014. Jon Pareles from The New York Times placed the album at number 5 on his list of favourite albums of the year. It also appeared on the lists of the best albums of 2014 of Slant Magazine (number 13) and The Daily Telegraph (number 44). Rolling Stone ranked it number 20 on its list of 20 Best Pop Albums of 2014.


1000 Forms of Fear, Critical reception, Accolades
At the ARIA Music Awards of 2014, Sia won Album of the Year, Best Female Artist and Best Pop Release for 1000 Forms of Fear. The lead single "Chandelier" received four Grammy nominations for Song of the Year, Record of the Year, Best Pop Solo Performance and Best Music Video at the 57th Grammy Awards.


1000 Forms of Fear, Commercial performance
1000 Forms of Fear debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 52,000 copies. By doing so, it became the lowest sales figure for a number-one album on the chart in nearly two years. The Guardian's Clem Bastow commented on the album's success in the United States: "Australian artists typically fare better in the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, but even then, Sia finds herself in rarefied company."


1000 Forms of Fear, Commercial performance
On behalf of The Sydney Morning Herald, George Palathingal opined that the album's debuting atop the Billboard 200 is the result of "a stroke of (anti-)marketing genius" and "a case of quality pop music standing proud." 1000 Forms of Fear had sold 374,000 copies in the United States as of December 2015.


1000 Forms of Fear, Commercial performance
In Australia, the release debuted atop the ARIA Albums Chart on 20 July 2014 and remained on the chart for 20 weeks. In April 2015, the album was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for having shipped 70,000 units in the country. 1000 Forms of Fear also peaked at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart. The release also charted within the top five albums charts of several countries, including Norway (number two), New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland (number four) and Denmark (number five).


1000 Forms of Fear, Commercial performance
In the United Kingdom, 1000 Forms of Fear peaked at number 5 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry. As of February 2016, the album has sold 268,949 copies in the United Kingdom. As of January 2016, it has sold 1 million copies worldwide.


1000 Forms of Fear, Certifications and sales
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.


1000 Friends of Oregon
1000 Friends of Oregon is a private, non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that advocates for land-use planning. It was incorporated on October 11, 1974, following the creation of Oregon's statewide land-use system in 1973 by then-governor Tom McCall and attorney Henry Richmond. By 1994, the organization had about 2,500 contributors and supporters. Richmond served as the organization's first executive director.


1000 Friends of Oregon
Richmond was succeeded as executive director in later years by Robert Liberty (in 1994), Bob Stacey (2002–09), Jason Miner  (March 2010 to Nov. 2016), and Russ Hoeflich (April 2017).


1000 Friends of Oregon, Past initiatives
During the 1980s, one of the group's ongoing activities was fighting what it saw as improper land-use by the rapidly growing community of Rajneeshpuram, created in a rural part of central Oregon by the followers of the guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh.


1000 Friends of Oregon, Past initiatives, Measures 37 and 49
The group strongly opposed Measure 37, a controversial land-use ballot initiative passed by Oregon voters in 2004. 1000 Friends brought litigation in 2005 that led to Measure 37's being ruled unconstitutional by a circuit court, but the ruling was later overturned by the Oregon Supreme Court. The organization then advocated for the passage of 2007's Measure 49, which voters ultimately approved, and which limited the impacts of Measure 37.


1000 Gecs
1000 Gecs (stylized as 1000 gecs or 1000 gec) is the debut studio album by American hyperpop duo 100 Gecs. It was released on May 31, 2019, through Dog Show Records two days after the single "Money Machine" was released.


1000 Gecs
Featuring an experimental sound that combined several genres, 1000 Gecs was well-received by critics. It placed on several publications' lists of the best albums of 2019. Remixed and reworked versions of songs from 1000 Gecs were later released as part of the follow-up remix album 1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues (2020).


1000 Gecs, Composition
1000 Gecs is a genre-hopping album, generally described by Pitchfork as experimental pop and by Sputnik as bubblegum bass. According to Will Pritchard of The Independent, the album helped to consolidate the eclectic 2010s "hyperpop" style by taking the genre "to its most extreme, and extremely catchy, conclusions: stadium-sized trap beats processed and distorted to near-destruction, overwrought emo vocals and cascades of ravey arpeggios." Some genres used to describe certain songs or parts of the album include post-dubstep, indie pop, pop punk, trance, chiptune, happy hardcore, hip hop, synth-pop, ska, and Europop.


1000 Gecs, Promotion
The song "Money Machine" was released as a single from the album on May 29, 2019, with a visualizer for the song posted to YouTube. The song quickly became the duo's most successful and well known song to date, and on June 13, 2019, an official music video for the song was released. In June 2019, the band released official merchandise for the album on the Dog Show Records website. An official music video for the song "800dB Cloud" was released on July 25, 2019. Over a year later, an official music video for "Hand Crushed by a Mallet" was released on October 9, 2020.


1000 Gecs, Promotion
In August 2019, 100 Gecs released the album's instrumentals, stems, and a cappella vocals for free download.


1000 Gecs, Critical reception
1000 Gecs received generally positive reviews from critics. Larry Fitzmaurice of Pitchfork gave the album a rating of 7.4 out of 10, calling it "one of the year's most fascinating, exhilarating experimental pop albums". In December 2019, New York Times music critics Jon Caramanica and Jon Pareles  rated 1000 Gecs #1 and #10 respectively in their "Best Albums of 2019" article.


1000 Gecs, Track listing
All tracks are written by Dylan Brady and Laura Les.


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues
1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues (stylized as 1000 gecs and the Tree of Clues) is the first remix album by American experimental music duo 100 Gecs, released on July 10, 2020 by Dog Show Records, Big Beat Records and Atlantic Records. It features remixed and reworked versions of songs from their debut studio album 1000 gecs (2019), as well as live performances and previously unreleased songs which were played at their Mine Gala 2019 set. The album features collaborations with numerous acts, such as Charli XCX, Kero Kero Bonito, Rico Nasty, Fall Out Boy, Tommy Cash, Hannah Diamond, Black Dresses and Dorian Electra. The album debuted at number 198 on the US Billboard 200, making it their first entry on the chart.


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Background and promotion
Initially, the duo was never planning to release a remix album, but they were motivated to do so after seeing the remixes others made after they released the stems to 1000 Gecs. In late 2019 it was announced that 100 Gecs was working on a remix album, then-titled 1000 Gecs & Th3 Phant0m M3nac3. In January 2020, 100 Gecs member Laura Les announced that the album would be re-titled, and the new title, 1000 Gecs & The Tree of Clues was announced in February 2020. The album was finally made available for pre-order on July 3, 2020.


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Background and promotion, Singles
A remix of "Money Machine" by British producer A. G. Cook was released as the album's first single on October 23, 2019 and was described as "a tripped-out chipmunk-emo-trap anthem". A remix of "745 Sticky" by American hip hop group Injury Reserve was released as November 6, 2019. This remix transforms "the original's bubblegummy assault in to a glitchy creep"


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Background and promotion, Singles
"Ringtone (Remix)" was released on February 24, 2020 alongside a "visualizer" music video and features vocals from British singer Charli XCX, British indie pop band Kero Kero Bonito, and American rapper Rico Nasty. Charli XCX's verse in particular was praised for its catchiness. "Gec 2 Ü (Remix)" featuring vocals from American singer-songwriter Dorian Electra, was released on April 10, 2020. A music video, filmed in quarantine, followed on April 20, 2020.


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Background and promotion, Singles
"Stupid Horse (Remix)" featuring British singer GFOTY and DJ Count Baldor was released on May 22, 2020 alongside an animated music video. The remix swaps out the ska-influenced guitars of the original for a "shredder-like synths" described as a "Blink-182 and Sleigh Bells mashup on the verge of implosion."


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Reception
1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues received critical acclaim. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 81 out of 100 based on 7 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Ben Jolley of NME praised the album for its "infectious absurdity" and for the diverse array of features, both mainstream and underground, summarising it as "an exhilarating snapshot of pop's alternative future."


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Reception
The Line of Best Fit's Erin Bashford called it "consistently inconsistent" and "a bit of a difficult listen for those not wholeheartedly throwing themselves into the fray," but concluded that "if you want to venture into the abyss, there's a decent amount to marvel at." Ian Gormely, writing for Exclaim!, described the record as "sonic grab bag" but also "a strong rebuke to those who have dismissed the duo as a joke or dilettantes." Pitchfork editor Cat Zhang argued that the remixes make "some of its originals sound like demos," adding that "the guests skillfully mold the originals into creations of their own, while still preserving some of the songs' initial ideas."


1000 Gecs and the Tree of Clues, Reception
The album has been described as "genre-blending" and features elements of experimental electronica, lo-fi, EDM, dubstep, pop punk, eurodance, industrial, country, R&B, nu metal, screamo, bubblegum pop, rock, hip hop, emo, trap, pop rap, and indie pop.


1000 Genomes Project
The 1000 Genomes Project (abbreviated as 1KGP), launched in January 2008, was an international research effort to establish by far the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation. Scientists planned to sequence the genomes of at least one thousand anonymous participants from a number of different ethnic groups within the following three years, using newly developed technologies which were faster and less expensive. In 2010, the project finished its pilot phase, which was described in detail in a publication in the journal Nature. In 2012, the sequencing of 1092 genomes was announced in a Nature publication. In 2015, two papers in Nature reported results and the completion of the project and opportunities for future research.


1000 Genomes Project
Many rare variations, restricted to closely related groups, were identified, and eight structural-variation classes were analyzed.


1000 Genomes Project
The project unites multidisciplinary research teams from institutes around the world, including China, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Nigeria, Peru, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Each will contribute to the enormous sequence dataset and to a refined human genome map, which will be freely accessible through public databases to the scientific community and the general public alike.


1000 Genomes Project
By providing an overview of all human genetic variation, the consortium will generate a valuable tool for all fields of biological science, especially in the disciplines of genetics, medicine, pharmacology, biochemistry, and bioinformatics.


1000 Genomes Project, Background
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project advances in human population genetics and comparative genomics have made it possible to gain increasing insight into the nature of genetic diversity. However, we are just beginning to understand how processes like the random sampling of gametes, structural variations (insertions/deletions (indels), copy number variations (CNV), retroelements), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and natural selection have shaped the level and pattern of variation within species and also between species.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Human genetic variation
The random sampling of gametes during sexual reproduction leads to genetic drift — a random fluctuation in the population frequency of a trait — in subsequent generations and would result in the loss of all variation in the absence of external influence. It is postulated that the rate of genetic drift is inversely proportional to population size, and that it may be accelerated in specific situations such as bottlenecks, where the population size is reduced for a certain period of time, and by the founder effect (individuals in a population tracing back to a small number of founding individuals).


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Human genetic variation
Anzai et al. demonstrated that indels account for 90.4% of all observed variations in the sequence of the major histocompatibility locus (MHC) between humans and chimpanzees. After taking multiple indels into consideration, the high degree of genomic similarity between the two species (98.6% nucleotide sequence identity) drops to only 86.7%. For example, a large deletion of 95 kilobases (kb) between the loci of the human MICA and MICB genes, results in a single hybrid chimpanzee MIC gene, linking this region to a species-specific handling of several retroviral infections and the resultant susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases. The authors conclude that instead of more subtle SNPs, indels were the driving mechanism in primate speciation.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Human genetic variation
Besides mutations, SNPs and other structural variants such as copy-number variants (CNVs) are contributing to the genetic diversity in human populations. Using microarrays, almost 1,500 copy number variable regions, covering around 12% of the genome and containing hundreds of genes, disease loci, functional elements and segmental duplications, have been identified in the HapMap sample collection. Although the specific function of CNVs remains elusive, the fact that CNVs span more nucleotide content per genome than SNPs emphasizes the importance of CNVs in genetic diversity and evolution.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Human genetic variation
Investigating human genomic variations holds great potential for identifying genes that might underlie differences in disease resistance (e.g. MHC region) or drug metabolism.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Natural selection
Natural selection evolution of a trait can be divided into three classes. Directional or positive selection refers to a situation where a certain allele has a greater fitness than other alleles, consequently increasing its population frequency (e.g. antibiotic resistance of bacteria). In contrast, stabilizing or negative selection (also known as purifying selection) lowers the frequency or even removes alleles from a population due to disadvantages associated with it with respect to other alleles.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Natural selection
Finally, a number of forms of balancing selection exist; those increase genetic variation within a species by being overdominant (heterozygous individuals are fitter than homozygous individuals, e.g. G6PD, a gene that is involved in both Hemolytic anaemia and malaria resistance) or can vary spatially within a species that inhabits different niches, thus favouring different alleles. Some genomic differences may not affect fitness. Neutral variation, previously thought to be “junk” DNA, is unaffected by natural selection resulting in higher genetic variation at such sites when compared to sites where variation does influence fitness.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Natural selection
It is not fully clear how natural selection has shaped population differences; however, genetic candidate regions under selection have been identified recently. Patterns of DNA polymorphisms can be used to reliably detect signatures of selection and may help to identify genes that might underlie variation in disease resistance or drug metabolism. Barreiro et al. found evidence that negative selection has reduced population differentiation at the amino acid–altering level (particularly in disease-related genes), whereas, positive selection has ensured regional adaptation of human populations by increasing population differentiation in gene regions (mainly nonsynonymous and 5'-untranslated region variants).


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Natural selection
It is thought that most complex and Mendelian diseases (except diseases with late onset, assuming that older individuals no longer contribute to the fitness of their offspring) will have an effect on survival and/or reproduction, thus, genetic factors underlying those diseases should be influenced by natural selection. Although, diseases that have late onset today could have been childhood diseases in the past as genes delaying disease progression could have undergone selection. Gaucher disease (mutations in the GBA gene), Crohn's disease (mutation of NOD2) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mutations in MYH7, TNNT2, TPM1 and MYBPC3) are all examples of negative selection.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Natural selection
These disease mutations are primarily recessive and segregate as expected at a low frequency, supporting the hypothesized negative selection. There is evidence that the genetic-basis of Type 1 Diabetes may have undergone positive selection. Few cases have been reported, where disease-causing mutations appear at the high frequencies supported by balanced selection. The most prominent example is mutations of the G6PD locus where, if homozygous G6PD enzyme deficiency and consequently Hemolytic anaemia results, but in the heterozygous state are partially protective against malaria. Other possible explanations for segregation of disease alleles at moderate or high frequencies include genetic drift and recent alterations towards positive selection due to environmental changes such as diet or genetic hitch-hiking.


1000 Genomes Project, Background, Natural selection
Genome-wide comparative analyses of different human populations, as well as between species (e.g. human versus chimpanzee) are helping us to understand the relationship between diseases and selection and provide evidence of mutations in constrained genes being disproportionally associated with heritable disease phenotypes. Genes implicated in complex disorders tend to be under less negative selection than Mendelian disease genes or non-disease genes.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Goals
There are two kinds of genetic variants related to disease. The first are rare genetic variants that have a severe effect predominantly on simple traits (e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease). The second, more common, genetic variants have a mild effect and are thought to be implicated in complex traits (e.g. Cognition, Diabetes, Heart Disease). Between these two types of genetic variants lies a significant gap of knowledge, which the 1000 Genomes Project is designed to address.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Goals
The primary goal of this project is to create a complete and detailed catalogue of human genetic variations, which in turn can be used for association studies relating genetic variation to disease. By doing so the consortium aims to discover >95 % of the variants (e.g. SNPs, CNVs, indels) with minor allele frequencies as low as 1% across the genome and 0.1-0.5% in gene regions, as well as to estimate the population frequencies, haplotype backgrounds and linkage disequilibrium patterns of variant alleles.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Goals
Secondary goals will include the support of better SNP and probe selection for genotyping platforms in future studies and the improvement of the human reference sequence. Furthermore, the completed database will be a useful tool for studying regions under selection, variation in multiple populations and understanding the underlying processes of mutation and recombination.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Outline
The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs and is estimated to carry around 20,000 protein coding genes. In designing the study the consortium needed to address several critical issues regarding the project metrics such as technology challenges, data quality standards and sequence coverage.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Outline
Over the course of the next three years, scientists at the Sanger Institute, BGI Shenzhen and the National Human Genome Research Institute’s Large-Scale Sequencing Network are planning to sequence a minimum of 1,000 human genomes. Due to the large amount of sequence data that need to be generated and analyzed it is possible that other participants may be recruited over time.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Outline
Almost 10 billion bases will be sequenced per day over a period of the two year production phase. This equates to more than two human genomes every 24 hours; a groundbreaking capacity. Challenging the leading experts of bioinformatics and statistical genetics, the sequence dataset will comprise 6 trillion DNA bases, 60-fold more sequence data than what has been published in DNA databases over the past 25 years.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Outline
To determine the final design of the full project three pilot studies were designed and will be carried out within the first year of the project. The first pilot intends to genotype 180 people of 3 major geographic groups at low coverage (2x). For the second pilot study, the genomes of two nuclear families (both parents and an adult child) are going to be sequenced with deep coverage (20x per genome). The third pilot study involves sequencing the coding regions (exons) of 1,000 genes in 1,000 people with deep coverage (20x).


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Outline
It has been estimated that the project would likely cost more than $500 million if standard DNA sequencing technologies were used. Therefore, several new technologies (e.g. Solexa, 454, SOLiD) will be applied, lowering the expected costs to between $30 million and $50 million. The major support will be provided by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, England; the Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen (BGI Shenzhen), China; and the NHGRI, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Outline
In keeping with   2013-12-28 at the Wayback Machine, all genome sequence data (including variant calls) is freely available as the project progresses and can be downloaded via ftp from the .


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Human genome samples
Based on the overall goals for the project, the samples will be chosen to provide power in populations where association studies for common diseases are being carried out. Furthermore, the samples do not need to have medical or phenotype information since the proposed catalogue will be a basic resource on human variation.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Human genome samples
For the pilot studies human genome samples from the HapMap collection will be sequenced. It will be useful to focus on samples that have additional data available (such as ENCODE sequence, genome-wide genotypes, fosmid-end sequence, structural variation assays, and gene expression) to be able to compare the results with those from other projects.


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Human genome samples
Complying with extensive ethical procedures, the 1000 Genomes Project will then use samples from volunteer donors. The following populations will be included in the study: Yoruba in Ibadan (YRI), Nigeria; Japanese in Tokyo (JPT); Chinese in Beijing (CHB); Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe (CEU); Luhya in Webuye, Kenya (LWK); Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya (MKK); Toscani in Italy (TSI); Peruvians in Lima, Peru (PEL); Gujarati Indians in Houston (GIH); Chinese in metropolitan Denver (CHD); people of Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles (MXL); and people of African ancestry in the southwestern United States (ASW).


1000 Genomes Project, Project description, Community meeting
Data generated by the 1000 Genomes Project is widely used by the genetics community, making the first 1000 Genomes Project one of the most cited papers in biology. To support this user community, the project held a community analysis meeting in July 2012 that included talks highlighting key project discoveries, their impact on population genetics and human disease studies, and summaries of other large-scale sequencing studies.


1000 Genomes Project, Project findings, Pilot phase
It was found that on average, each person carries around 250–300 loss-of-function variants in annotated genes and 50-100 variants previously implicated in inherited disorders. Based on the two trios, it is estimated that the rate of de novo germline mutation is approximately 10−8 per base per generation.


1000 Guineas Stakes
The 1000 Guineas Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late April or early May on the Sunday following the 2000 Guineas Stakes.


1000 Guineas Stakes
It is the second of Britain's five Classic races, and the first of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the opening leg of the Fillies' Triple Crown, followed by the Oaks and the St Leger, but the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.


1000 Guineas Stakes, History
The 1000 Guineas was first run on 28 April 1814, five years after the inaugural running of the equivalent race for both colts and fillies, the 2000 Guineas. The two races were established by the Jockey Club under the direction of Sir Charles Bunbury, who had earlier co-founded the Derby. They were named according to their original prize funds (a guinea amounted to 21 shillings, or £1.05).


1000 Guineas Stakes, History
By the mid-1860s, the 1000 Guineas had become one of Britain's most prestigious races for three-year-olds. The five leading events for this age group, characterised by increasing distances as the season progressed, were now referred to as "Classics". The concept was later adopted in many other countries.


1000 Guineas Stakes, History
European variations of the 1000 Guineas include the German 1,000 Guineas, the Irish 1,000 Guineas, the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches and the Premio Regina Elena. Other countries to have adopted the format include Australia, Japan and New Zealand.


1000 Guineas Stakes, History
The 1000 Guineas is served by trial races such as the Nell Gwyn Stakes and the Fred Darling Stakes, but for some horses it is the first race of the season. The 1000 Guineas itself can act as a trial for the Oaks, and the last horse to win both was Love in 2020.


1000 Hands: Chapter One
1000 Hands: Chapter One is the fifteenth studio album by English singer-songwriter and musician Jon Anderson, originally released in March 2019.


1000 Hands: Chapter One, Origins
The album originates from sessions for a project to have been called Uzlot (a northern English pronunciation of "us lot") that Anderson had been recording in Big Bear, California, with Brian Chatton in around 1990. Chatton wrote most of the music, played keyboards and also sang. Anderson asked his then Yes bandmates Chris Squire and Alan White to play on the project too. At the time, Yes were preparing for a tour and Anderson put the master tapes in his garage and, as he has recounted, gave them very little thought for many years. In 2016, producer Michael Franklin contacted Anderson about using the tapes and finishing the album. Further recordings followed at Solar Studios in Orlando, Florida. Along with some newly written material, the final result is 1000 Hands.


1000 Hands: Chapter One, Origins
As the album title suggests, the album was created with a number of guest performers, including Steve Howe, Jethro Tull's Ian Anderson, Brian Chatton, Larry Coryell, Steve Morse, Journey keyboardist Jonathan Cain, Vanilla Fudge drummer Carmine Appice, Rick Derringer, the Tower of Power horn section, violinist Jean-Luc Ponty and pianist Chick Corea.


1000 Hands: Chapter One, Release
In October 2018, a dedicated album website launched containing the artwork and audio samples. The album was released on 31 March 2019 under multiple formats: digital download, CD, and limited edition vinyl. Anderson also released the following statement.


1000 Hands: Chapter One, Release
"I’ve spent long periods of time making some records, but I’ve never taken a journey quite like this one. To say that 1,000 Hands has been a long time in coming would be quite an understatement, but I’m thrilled that it’s finally a reality and that my fans will now be able to hear it. And I think they’ll be delighted to hear music that’s timeless. It’s one of the best things I’ve ever done".


1000 Hands: Chapter One, Release, Re-release
On 29 May 2020, Jon Anderson revealed that the 1000 Hands album would be released again in Summer 2020. Indeed, Anderson signed a new deal with Blue Élan Records. The album would be launched on 31 July 2020 on CD, deluxe 180-gram double vinyl and on digital and streaming platforms.


1000 Hands: Chapter One, Promotion
Anderson promoted the album with a US tour from March to August 2019.


1000 Heartbeats
1000 Heartbeats is a British daytime game show that aired on ITV which ran from 23 February 2015 to 15 January 2016, hosted by Vernon Kay.


1000 Heartbeats, Format
Wearing an electronic heart-rate counter and standing on a lighted circular platform known as "The Plate," a single contestant answers questions in order to win money over a total of seven rounds. While a round is in progress, the contestant's heartbeats are continuously counted and deducted from an initial total of 1,000. If the total reaches zero, the game ends immediately, the contestant is defeated and leaves empty-handed. During gameplay, the contestant's heart rate is displayed on a monitor and relayed to a live string quartet playing the show's musical score; they adjust their tempo (beats per minute) to match the heart rate and maximise tension.


1000 Heartbeats, Format
The contestant must give seven correct answers to complete Round 1, and the required number decreases by one for each subsequent round (six in Round 2, five in Round 3, etc.). Each incorrect answer deducts 25 heartbeats (50 from Series 3 to present). The contestant may change out a question by stepping off the Plate, at a cost of 100 beats (50 in Series 1). Any correct answers given prior to stepping off are counted toward the number required to complete each round once play resumes.


1000 Heartbeats, Format
Each completed round increases the contestant's winnings to as follows:


1000 Heartbeats, Format
At the start of each new round, the contestant is shown an example of the game to be played and may choose to "Cash Out" with the money banked to that point rather than play on. In order to win the money, they must complete one final "Cashout Game." The contestant is shown a series of true/false statements and must give five consecutive correct answers before running out of heartbeats. Any incorrect response breaks the chain and deducts 25 beats (50 from Series 3 to present). Completing the Cashout Game allows the contestant to leave with the accumulated money, but failing to complete it forfeits the entire bank. The contestant may not step off the Plate during this phase.


1000 Heartbeats, Games
The contestant must correctly answer five consecutive true or false statements in order to keep the money in their bank. Each incorrect answer breaks the chain and deducts 25 heartbeats (50 in series 2); the contestant may not step off the Plate during this game.


1000 Heartbeats, Games
A contestant who successfully cashes out at the £10,000 level may be given a chance to play Recall unofficially, using the remaining heartbeats on the counter, and see if they would have been able to win the full £25,000.


1000 Heartbeats, Transmissions, Specials
Kay's wife, Tess Daly, and comedian Leigh Francis (in character as Keith Lemon) played for charity during this special.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy
1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy is a Philippine game show based on the original British format of 1000 Heartbeats. The main goal of the game is to successfully complete seven rounds of various mental challenges within the player's own 1,000 heartbeats to win ₱1,000,000.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy
The show premiered on March 20, 2021 on TV5. It is produced by Viva Television and hosted by Xian Lim.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Production
The format was purchased by Viva Television in 2016 and was originally slated to premiere in July 2016 for sixty episodes. However, the show had to be shelved when their partnership with TV5 had to be temporarily cut and lack of a suitable host (and eventually when Chot Reyes became TV5 president and prioritized the then-ESPN5).


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Production
In March 2021, together with The Wall Philippines, 1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy was announced as one of the two newest game shows in TV5 produced by Viva Television. The show originally ordered 26 hour-long episodes, but was reduced to 13 episodes.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Gameplay
The player wears an electronic heart rate counter where his/her heart rate in beats per minute (BPM) is displayed on the rightmost screen. The round begins once the player steps onto the "plate", a white circular platform that turns red upon stepping. From the initial total of 1,000 heartbeats, the heartbeats of the player are continuously deducted during the round which is shown on the leftmost screen throughout the game. At any time the total number of heartbeats reaches zero, the game ends and the player leaves with nothing. During the game, the live string quartet plays the musical score of the show at a tempo based on the heart rate of the player.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Gameplay
The game consists of seven rounds with the following amounts.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Gameplay
The player must give seven correct answers for the first round and one less for every succeeding round. Every incorrect answer deducts 25 heartbeats from the total. The player may opt to change the question by stepping off the plate and a penalty of 100 heartbeats. Any correct answers given prior to stepping off are counted toward the number required to complete the round once the game resumes.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Gameplay
At the start of each round, the player is shown an example of the game to be played. He/she may choose to cash out with the money banked to that point rather than continue playing. In order to win the money, he/she must complete the "Cashout Game". The player must correctly answer five consecutive true/false questions before running out of heartbeats. An incorrect answer breaks the chain and deducts 25 heartbeats. The player may not step off the plate during this game.


1000 Heartbeats: Pintig Pinoy, Games
The player must correctly answer five consecutive true-or-false questions to successfully cash out his/her banked money. Any incorrect answer deducts 25 heartbeats and the player must try again to create a chain of five correct answers. However, the player cannot step off the plate in Cashout round.


1000 Heroz
1000 Heroz is a puzzle-platform game developed and self-published by RedLynx. It was released June 8, 2011 for iOS devices. It is unique in that a new level has been introduced each day since its release, and will continue to be until 1,000 days are reached. Online leaderboards for the newest level are open for 24 hours, after which time they are closed.


1000 Heroz
The game received generally positive reviews. Aggregate website Metacritic reports an aggregate score of 74/100, with the majority of individual review scores a 70/100 ratio or higher. Critics praised the concept of a new playable level each day, citing that it inspired competition within the game.


1000 Heroz, Gameplay
1000 Heroz is a physics-based puzzle-platform game. The goal in each level is to reach the finish line as quickly as possible; faster times yield better rewards. The game's physics are exaggerated, creating a feeling of lowered gravity. It is unique in that every day since its release to 1,000 days since release a new hero and level are introduced. Each previous level and hero remain playable after their initial introduction. Levels are designed to be short and can take less than 30 seconds to complete. Custom Leagues are provided to allow players to create a network of friends to compete with. Leaderboards are included to encourage competition both between friends and worldwide.


1000 Heroz, Development and marketing
1000 Heroz was unveiled by developer RedLynx for the iOS platform on March 31, 2011. "We've designed 1000 Heroz to last for a thousand days, so whether you play every day or play only occasionally, there's always something new for you," stated RedLynx Creative Director Antti Ilvessuo. "It's a new idea, where you can get your daily dose of Heroz right from the start." The game was released on June 8, 2011. Developer RedLynx explained that only one week later the game had hit one million restarts. Each restart represents another attempt to play a level.


1000 Heroz, Development and marketing
"Over 1 million restarts in such a short time -- for a new kind of game like this -- is remarkable," said Tero Virtala, CEO of RedLynx. On August 26, 2011 an update was released for the game. Support for multiple custom friend leagues, new gameplay elements, faster characters and other features were introduced. It became free to play on November 22, 2011.


1000 Heroz, Development and marketing
In early 2012 a man used the game to propose to his then girlfriend. They played the game together daily. He contacted the developer to ask whether they could include a banner at a finish line to pop the question. RedLynx accepted the request and on January 12, 2012 the level including the banner became active in the game. "It took about five seconds for it to hit her and then she was in tears and just asking 'How?'" stated the man. The story received media attention from media outlets such as Pocket Gamer, Metro and Kotaku.


1000 Heroz, Reception
1000 Heroz received above average reviews from critics. The game holds an aggregate score of 74/100 at Metacritic. Of the nine reviews listed, six were 75% or higher, while the remaining three were 60% or higher. The highest score was that of a 90% approval rating from AppSmile's reviewer, while the lowest of 60% approval came from Edge's reviewer.


1000 Heroz, Reception
The critic from Edge magazine felt that while the game was a solid platformer, it did not "feel like something [consumers would] be playing in a month, never mind three years." The game was compared to RedLynx's popular Trials franchise. The reviewer felt that while the touchscreen controls were strong, the game did not have the lasting appeal that the Trials games do. Keith Andrew, Deputy Editor of Pocket Gamer, disagreed. He noted that the "1000 Heroz's series of daily races [makes the game] undoubtedly hard to put down". Andrew also explained that the game requires elements of strategy to reach the top scores on the global leaderboards, creating replay value.


1000 Heroz, Reception
AppSmile's reviewer praised the game's cartoon art style and its simple, responsive controls. The reviewer criticized the fact that players could not go back to previous levels and improve their global leaderboard times. Touch Arcade's Nissa Campbell explained that levels take little time to complete, and that the short time may actually entice players to play each day and compete for high scores. Jason D'Aprile of Slide to Play gave high marks for level design, calling it "clever." He cited multiple paths to the finish, various obstacles and objects such as springboards as items that led to the strong design. D'Aprile stated that 1000 Heroz was a "quick, cheap gaming fix on the go".


1000 Homo DJs
1000 Homo DJs was a side project of American industrial rock band Ministry. The project released two singles, one of which featured a cover of Black Sabbath's "Supernaut".


1000 Homo DJs
1000 Homo DJs began as a side project to release outtakes from Ministry's The Land of Rape and Honey. The credits read "Another Luxa/Pan Production", which was the production pseudonym for Ministry members Al Jourgensen and Paul Barker.


1000 Homo DJs, Origin of name
In a 2004 interview, Jourgensen explained that when he played demos (presumably those which became Apathy) for Wax Trax! co-owner Jim Nash, the latter replied, "No one's gonna buy this. It'll take one thousand homo DJs to play this for one person to buy it."


1000 Homo DJs, Origin of name
However, according to the Wax Trax! box set Black Box released in 1994, Jourgensen and Nash were in the label's office listening to an unauthorized remix of the Revolting Cocks' (Jourgensen's former band) single "We Shall Cleanse the World". Nash comforted Jourgensen, who disapproved of the remix's existence, by assuring him that it would only ever be heard by "a thousand homo DJs".


1000 Homo DJs, Members
The members of 1000 Homo DJs were identified by pseudonyms in the CD liner notes. However, most of their identities are fairly certain.


1000 Homo DJs, Members, Trent Reznor's involvement
The nature of Nine Inch Nails frontman Trent Reznor's contribution to 1000 Homo DJs' records has been debated. What is certain is that Reznor recorded the original vocals for "Supernaut". This performance was not officially used because Reznor's label, TVT Records, refused to allow his appearance on the release. Reznor's version would ultimately be released as "Supernaut (Trent Reznor Vocal Version)" by TVT four years later on the retrospective Black Box - Wax Trax! Records: The First 13 Years, following TVT's purchase of Wax Trax!.


1000 Homo DJs, Members, Trent Reznor's involvement
Jourgensen's immediate response to TVT's ultimatum is uncertain. An oft-repeated story tells that instead of recording new vocals, Jourgensen merely ran Reznor's performance through a distortion effect to mask its identity. According to this story, every WaxTrax! recording of "Supernaut" contains Reznor's vocals. However, a dissenting group claims this is an urban legend, and that Jourgensen did record new vocals for the EP—albeit in a similar style to Reznor's initial performance. Statements made by both Reznor and Jourgensen seem to confirm the latter view. In a 1992 Prodigy post regarding "Supernaut", Reznor said,


1000 Homo DJs, Members, Trent Reznor's involvement
[ I] finally told Al to redo it without me. The version that Wax Trax put out is Al, the version on the NIN [bootleg] single is me.


1000 Homo DJs, Members, Trent Reznor's involvement
Reznor referred to the two-track Suck bootleg, which contained the recording of "Supernaut" that later appeared on Black Box. Jourgensen made a similar statement in a 2003 interview. When asked whose vocals appear on "Supernaut", Jourgensen replied, referring to the WaxTrax! EP, Black Box, and Greatest Fits versions, respectively (and corroborating that only the "Trent Reznor Vocal Version" contained Reznor's performance, and that Jourgensen in fact sang on most versions of the song):


1000 Homo DJs, Members, Trent Reznor's involvement
That would be me on the original, on WaxTrax! The later version released on TVT was Trent Reznor... then the remixed version had my vocals on it.


1000 Hurts
1000 Hurts is the third studio album by American indie rock band Shellac, released on August 8, 2000. In its official promotional materials Shellac jokingly described this album as follows: "There are no 12-minute songs on this one. This record is more mean-spirited. Todd sings."


1000 Hurts
The cover is a clear homage to old Ampex audio recording tape boxes. The band are known for using analog tape for their recordings, and are fans of Ampex tape and tape recorders. Also, the speech at the start of the record is a variation on the announcements one would hear on Magnetic Reference Laboratory's calibration tapes for analogue tape recorders.


1000 Hurts
The album was named Rockfeedback magazine's record of the decade. Jehnny Beth of Savages-fame named the album one of her biggest influences, saying that it had made her "want to be a bassist" & inspired her ideas of recording music.


1000 Islands History Museum
The 1000 Islands History Museum  is a museum in Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, that interprets the history and ecology of Gananoque and the 1000 Islands. It was once the site of a railway.


1000 Islands History Museum
Starting with an ancient mountain range and continuing to the present day, this Museum tells an exciting story of the cultures and creatures who have lived along the shores of the St. Lawrence River, in and around the Town of Gananoque. The museum also provides travelling exhibits, such as an exhibit on Canadian women in STEM in 2020.


1000 Islands Tower
The 1000 Islands Tower is a concrete observation tower on Hill Island, essentially on the U.S.-Canada border, but actually located within Ontario rather than New York State. Built in 1965, the tower provides panoramic views over the Thousand Islands of both nations, from a height of 400 feet (120 m) above the St. Lawrence River.


1000 Jokes
1000 Jokes was a humor magazine launched by Dell Publishing in 1937. With a later title change to 1000 Jokes Magazine, it was published quarterly over three decades. During the 1950s, it was edited by Bill Yates with associate editor John Norment.


1000 Jokes
The format featured brief humorous essays, short satires, cartoons and light verse. Pantomime cartoons were grouped into a section titled "Too Funny for Words". "Louder and Funnier" featured one-liners, such as, "Then there is the rich Texan who has a different dentist for every tooth."


1000 Jokes, Cartoonists
Covers during the 1940s and 1950s featured caricatures of comedians by Rowland B. Wilson and others. This eventually made a transition to photo covers. Cartoonists included Bob Barnes, Irwin Caplan, Chon Day, Leo Garel, Jerry Marcus, Don Orehek, Virgil Partch, Bob Schroeter, Eli Stein, George Wolfe and Pete Wyma. The magazine paid $15 for a cartoon and an equal amount for an 18-line verse. Many of the cartoons were later recycled into paperback cartoon collections. Cartoonist Lee Lorenz described cartoonists making rounds and making a sale to 1000 Jokes:


1000 Jokes, Cartoonists
A sister Dell publication was For Laughing Out Loud, and Dell revived the Ballyhoo title in the early 1950s. Both employed the 1000 Jokes format of mixing cartoons with short humorous essays.


1000 Jokes, Cartoonists
Today, Margate Entertainment which previously licensed Colliers Media Company has been dissolved and the assets are now owned by Tom Ficara and TVS Magazines.Com, its former owner, which publishes 1000 Jokes and other magazines.


1000 Kisses (album)
1000 Kisses is the third studio album by Patty Griffin. It was released on April 9, 2002 on ATO Records.


1000 Kisses (album), Reception
The album reached a peak of number 101 on the Billboard 200 chart resulting in a number one peak on the Top Heatseekers chart. According to Billboard the album has sold 151,000 copies in the US up to May 2004. In 2009, the album was ranked #15 on Paste Magazine's "The 50 Best Albums of the Decade" list.


1000 Kisses (album), Track listing
All tracks are written by Patty Griffin, except where noted.


1000 Lake Shore Plaza
1000 Lake Shore Plaza is a 590 ft (180m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1964 and has 55 floors. Sidney Morris designed the building, which is the 47th tallest in Chicago. When it was completed, it was claimed as the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world, but the Tour de la Bourse in Montreal was completed the same year, thus taking the title. The tower was also the tallest building in Chicago with balconies until the Park Tower was completed in 1999.


1000 Main
1000 Main, formerly Reliant Energy Plaza, is a 518-foot (158 m) tall skyscraper in Downtown Houston, Texas managed by Transwestern. It houses the headquarters of GenOn Energy, and the building has around 800,000 square feet (74,000 m2) of space.


1000 Main
1000 Main was constructed from 2001 to 2003 and has 36 floors. It is the 25th tallest building in Houston. It is made out of glass, steel, and concrete. Lights atop the building and on the main street side flash in patterns of various colors at night. This building occupies the site where the Lamar Hotel stood before it was demolished in 1985. A two-level trading floor with 30 ft high ceilings, currently leased by the trading arm of Royal Dutch Shell, is located on the 10th and 11th floors. It is squeezed between the garage and the office tower.


1000 Main
Century development built the Reliant Energy Plaza. In 2003 Reliant Energy occupied more than 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of space in the building. During the same year two subsidiaries of Marsh & McLennan Companies, Marsh USA and Mercer Human Resource Consulting, had a combined 105,000 square feet (9,800 m2) of space in the building. The Reliant Energy Plaza was 86% leased in 2003.


1000 Mankai no Kiss
"1000 Mankai No Kiss " (1000万回のキス, 1000 Mankai no Kisu, meaning "10 Million Times Kiss")  is a song recorded by Japanese singer songwriter Mai Kuraki, taken from her tenth studio album Over the Rainbow (2012). The song was written by Kuraki, Aika Ohno and Takeshi Hayama and served as the commercial song to the KOSÉ's brand, Esprique Precious. Ohno covered the song on her third studio album Silent Passage (2013).


1000 Meisterwerke
1000 Meisterwerke (1000 Masterpieces) was a German art series. It followed the highly successful German 100 Meisterwerke. From 1981 through 1994, the German broadcaster WDR produced the series (originally aired from 1980 and named 100 Meisterwerke aus den großen Museen der Welt; "100 Masterworks from the Great Museums of the World"), which was broadcast by ARD, ORF and BR. In each of the 10-minute broadcasts, a single painting was presented and analyzed by an art historian. The Sunday evening broadcasts had five million viewers.


1000 Meisterwerke
The Fine Arts Editor of WDR, Wibke von Bonin, developed the German version of the series. The series was produced by RM Arts, directed by Reiner E. Moritz, and narrated by Rudolf Jürgen Bartsch and the distinctive title melody was composed by Wilhelm Dieter Siebert. Each episode showed and discussed one painting, with other paintings of the artist and of other artists being drawn in for comparison.


1000 Meisterwerke
The German or the English version of the series was shown in West Germany, the US, England, the Netherlands, South Africa, Austria, Scandinavia and Japan.


1000 Meisterwerke
After the end of the original series, it was continued under the title, 1000 Meisterwerke, only in Germany. The concept was changed, so that instead of theme groups, several pictures from the same museum were now grouped into a series of broadcasts. The emphasis was on German museums at first, and in addition, European museums and individual international museums were considered. Painters who had already appeared in "100 Meisterwerke" were not included at first. Many times, the authors of the episode were also the curators in charge of the painting. Occasionally, the fixed framework of the series was deviated from, such as when several paintings were treated in a single broadcast in the "Greek cycle", or when the painter, Konrad Klapheck, wrote the script about his own painting, but using the third person.


1000 Meisterwerke
In 1986, Bonin received the Goldene Kamera award for her work and video cassettes on seven German museums were produced (see section Literature).


1000 Meisterwerke
The series ended in 1994, but without coming near to 1000 episodes. Today, the series is sporadically shown by 3sat, ARD-alpha and Classica (TV channel).


1000 Meisterwerke, Parodies
The German comedy series, Stenkelfeld, parodied "100 Meisterwerke" several times. Episode titles included "Die Hochzeitszeitung" (The Wedding Newspaper), "Die Tischdecke" (The Tablecloth), "Deutscher Behördenschreibtisch" (German Office Desk) and "Deutscher Wohnwagen" (German Mobile Home).


1000 Meisterwerke, Parodies
In 1994 ORF produced, in the form of a regular episode of 1000 Meisterwerke, an ironic special called Das Testbild. It made TV test cards its subject: "Patrons are often at a loss in front of pictures like this one. Some will already have asked themselves silently if this really is art."


1000 Miles (Grinspoon song)
"1000 Miles" is the fourth single by Australian alternative metal, post-grunge band Grinspoon from their third studio album New Detention (June 2002). It was released on 18 August 2003 by Universal Music Australia, which reached the ARIA Singles Chart top 100.


1000 Miles (Grinspoon song)
The three other tracks on the single were recorded in early 2003 at the band's live performance at the Enmore Theatre in Sydney, on their Panic Attack Tour. This release also includes a music video for the song, which is animated and was not broadcast on television, it features rednecks and has band member, Phil Jamieson, as a preacher endorsing alcohol.


1000 Miles (Grinspoon song)
The song was played on Triple J radio as an album track during the latter half of 2002 and reached No. 47 on the station's Hottest 100 for that year.


1000 Miles (H.E.A.T song)
1000 Miles is a song written by David Stenmarck and Nick Jarl, and performed by H.E.A.T. at Melodifestivalen 2009. Participating in the third semifinal inside the Skellefteå Kraft Arena on 14 February 2009, the song reached the final, ending up 9th.


1000 Miles (H.E.A.T song)
The single peaked at third position at the Swedish singles chart.


1000 Miles Away
"1000 Miles Away" is a single by  Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus that was written by Dave Faulkner. It was released by RCA Records in June, 1991 and reached #33 on the Australian singles chart;


1000 Miles Away
"Many people have told me "1000 Miles Away" is their favourite Gurus song and it's also among my top ten. There are references to airports and flying but I was writing about emotional distance rather than physical travel. "I Think You Know" was another Punishment Song. We liked to keep bashing out the last two chords for a couple of minutes, Buzzcocks-style, a bit like a punk mantra. Punishment never felt so good."


1000 Miles Away
The crew of Royal Australian Navy frigate HMAS Canberra had an association with the song after they adopted it as their 'anthem'. Hoodoo Gurus played a concert including the Replenishment At Sea song "1000 Miles Away" on-board during their last voyage out of Fremantle to Fleet Base West, prior to its decommissioning in 2005.


1000 Miles Away
The single was also released as a limited edition picture disc, on which the B-side is not listed but titled as 4 symbolic drawings: an eye, a light bulb, a horseshoe, and a circle with a line through it (for back cover see below right, when read using the Rebus Principle this becomes "I Think You Know"). It was also released as a cassette single with free 'Kinky' Hoodoo Gurus magazine.


1000 Miles Away
The B side "I Think You Know" was also written by Faulkner. The second B-side on the CD Maxi-single, "Stomp the Tumbarumba", was originally recorded by New Zealand musician, Johnny Devlin, in 1963. It featured an uncredited appearance by the Gibb brothers (Bee Gees) as backup singers and reached #5 on the Sydney singles charts and #5 on the Brisbane charts the year of its release.


1000 Miles of Sebring
The 1,000 Miles of Sebring is a sports car race that is held at the Sebring International Raceway, on the site of the former Hendricks Army Airfield World War II Air Base, in Sebring, Florida, USA. It was created for the FIA World Endurance Championship, and was held for the first time on 15 March 2019 as the sixth round of the 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship.


1000 Miles of Sebring, Race History
The FIA/ACO announced a provisional schedule on 1 September 2017 that shifted the FIA World Endurance Championship calendar from a spring to autumn layout with the 24 Hours of Le Mans marque event held in the middle of the championship, and include two runnings of Le Mans. This "super season" of eight races spanned more than a year instead of the usual eight months. The shift allowed the following 2019–20 season to return to a shorter length by starting in the autumn and concluding at Le Mans in the summer.


1000 Miles of Sebring, Race History
The Provisional Calendar saw a raft of changes, with several races dropped, but included a return to Sebring for the first time since 2012. In the provisional calendar issued, the race was originally planned to be run as a second 12-hour race after the IMSA Mobil 1 12 Hours of Sebring on the same weekend, and would start at midnight after the conclusion of the IMSA 12 hours. On 21 September 2017, the race became known as the 1,500 Miles of Sebring, to avoid confusion between the 2 events, at the FIA World Motor Sport Council meeting in Paris.


1000 Miles of Sebring, Race History
On 4 April 2018, it was announced that the race would become shortened to 1,000 Miles or 268 laps, have a time limit of 8 Hours, and would take place on 15 March instead, prior to the start of the 12 Hours of Sebring, rather than after the race. A new pit lane would also be built for the race.


1000 Miles of Sebring, Race History
The second race, originally scheduled for 20 March 2020, was cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. On 11 March, United States president Donald Trump announced a suspension of travel by non-US citizens from Europe to the United States. Many of the drivers and team personnel were in Europe, and thus would be unable to travel to the United States for the race. The next day, the WEC announced the cancellation of the race. The 2020 race was also planned to include a schedule change.


1000 Miles of Sebring, Race History
Previously, the race had run from 4 p.m. to midnight, with the short duration between the 1,000 Miles and the 12 Hour race causing challenges for both track and support personnel, as well as drivers who were competing in both the WEC race and the Mobil 1 Twelve Hours of Sebring on the following day. This change ensured a 15-hour break between the 2 races.


1000 Mona Lisas
1000 Mona Lisas were an American punk band from Hollywood, California, United States, formed in 1992. They found minor success in 1995 with their cover of Alanis Morissette's  "You Oughta Know". It first became popular when they performed it live at The Whisky A Go Go, after which, almost as an afterthought, the band decided to include it on their debut EP as a hidden track after much cajoling by their A&R guy Brian Malouf.


1000 Mona Lisas
Before signing with RCA Records, the band became popular performing throughout Southern California often, also through extensive DIY touring of the west coast and posting songs and ticket giveaways on the internet, which was an unusual practice at the time. They released a full-length album on RCA on February 27, 1996, titled New Disease produced by Geza X which was the first major label release to  be offered via the internet before its street date release through a site called IUMA (Internet Underground Music Archive). The band members were Armando Prado (guitar, vocals)  Gianni Neiviller (bass, vocals) Rocco Bidlovski (drums, vocals).


1000 North Water Street
1000 North Water Street is a 16-story 296-foot-tall (90 m) post-modern high-rise office building in Milwaukee, in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is the twelfth-tallest building in Milwaukee, and was completed in 1991, right at the tail end of a construction boom in Milwaukee that started in the late 1980s, and included 100 East Wisconsin, Northwestern Mutual Tower, and the Milwaukee Center. The facade and windows are a light pink color, giving it a unique appearance among Milwaukee's skyline.


1000 North Water Street
A portion of the building is a parking garage, owned by the City of Milwaukee, with 1,542 parking stalls. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security maintains a private section in the parking garage for storage and investigations.


1000 Oceans
"1000 Oceans" is a song by Tori Amos, released as the second single from her 1999 album To Venus and Back. It reached number 22 on the Hot 100 Singles Sales, though it did not chart on the Hot 100. The song deals with issues of love and loss, and is based on the singer's personal experiences. It was released on September 7, 1999, and was generally well received by critics.


1000 Oceans, Background
Amos has explained that the idea for the song came to her in a dream. An old African woman was humming the melody to her, and she got up around 5:30 in the morning to record it. Writing the song, she describes the transition from the melody line around the words "I can't believe that I would keep, keep you from flying" to "and I would cry 1000 more" as particularly difficult, and what took the longest time. The inspiration for the lyrics came when her father-in-law died, and she claims the song helped her husband deal with the grieving process. The lyrics contain reference to Silbury Hill, an ancient mound in Wiltshire, England. This is a place often visited by Amos and her husband.


1000 Oceans, Video
The video for the song was directed by Erick Ifergan and filmed by Toby Irwin, and it was shot in a downtown Los Angeles parking lot. It shows Amos singing inside a glass booth. The booth is in a busy street, and as people walk by some stop and stare. Others are engaged in everyday activities, and at one point a full-scale riot breaks out in the street, while Amos behaves like a mere distant observer. The video had its TV debut on MTV's 120 Minutes on October 24, 1999.


1000 Oceans, Reviews
Reviewers generally had a positive attitude towards "1000 Oceans", and many mentioned it among the better tracks on the album. VH1 said the song was "one of the most billowing songs she's written in a while". The Tech called the melody of this song and "Lust" "powerful ballads" and "some of Tori's finest". Others were less impressed though; Spin magazine called the album track "perhaps the most disappointing", and claimed Amos came across as a "Celine Dion-LeAnn Rimes rip-off".


1000 Oceans, Track listing
US (Enhanced cd, includes "1000 Oceans" and "Bliss"video, September 28, 1999)


1000 Palms
1000 Palms is the third studio album by Floridian surf rock band Surfer Blood. It was released on May 12, 2015 under Joyful Noise Recordings.


1000 Park Avenue
1000 Park Avenue is an apartment building on the Upper East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is located at the northwest corner of the intersection of Park Avenue and East 84th Street. It was built in 1915–16 by the developers Bing & Bing from a design by Emery Roth. The brown brick structure is 13 stories tall with some Gothic-inspired stone and terra cotta decoration. Two carved figures in medieval dress near the main entrance are said to represent the Bing brothers. Across 84th Street is the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola.


1000 Park Avenue
The building is currently a co-op owned by its residents. There are 64 units.


1000 Park Avenue, Residents
Among the former residents of the building are the British author P. G. Wodehouse, James J. Rorimer, former Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Nicola Kraus, co-author of the 2002 bestselling chick lit novel The Nanny Diaries. She vehemently denies that Mrs. X, the mother in the novel, set at a similar Park Avenue building with a fictitious address, is based partially on women she worked for at 1000 Park.


1000 Park Avenue, Residents
Most often speculated as the model for the character is Lisa Birnbach, a part-time CBS News correspondent best known for editing The Official Preppy Handbook in 1980, who has some similarities to the character in the book. Birnbach confirmed that Kraus had worked for her, but described her as "more of a play date for my daughter" than an actual nanny.


1000 Park Avenue, Residents
Another resident of 1000 Park named as a possible model for Mrs. X did not return phone calls from The New York Times requesting comment. Kraus did not think it inappropriate to use her former neighbors as models for her characters, but current residents of building disagreed. One even referred to Kraus as a "snitch" and suggested the co-op board should forbid residents from fictionalizing their neighbors' lives.


1000 Piazzia
1000 Piazzia, provisional designation 1923 NZ, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers (30 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 12 August 1923, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.5 hours. It was named after Italian Giuseppe Piazzi, who discovered 1 Ceres.


1000 Piazzia, Orbit and classification
Piazzia is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–4.0 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,063 days; semi-major axis of 3.17 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, the body's observation arc begins with its first recorded observation on the night following its official discovery date.


1000 Piazzia, Naming
This minor planet was named in honour of Italian Theatine monk Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826). He was a director of both the Palermo and Naples observatories, and known for the compilation of the Palermo Catalogue, containing the precise position of 7,646 stars. In 1801, Piazzi discovered 1 Ceres, the first and largest asteroid and the main-belt's only dwarf planet. He is also honored by the lunar crater Piazzi. The official naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 96). The asteroid is the first of several early "kilo-numbered" minor planets that were dedicated to renowned scientists or institutions including:


1000 Piazzia, Naming
These are followed by the asteroids 5000 IAU (for the International Astronomical Union), 6000 United Nations (for the United Nations), 7000 Curie (for the pioneers on radioactivity, Marie and Pierre Curie), and 8000 Isaac Newton (for Isaac Newton), while 9000 Hal (after HAL 9000 from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey) and 10000 Myriostos (after the Greek word for ten-thousandth, and to honor all astronomers) were named based on their direct numeric accordance.


1000 Piazzia, Naming
1000 Piazzia was named as part of trio honoring the events surrounding the discovery of Ceres in 1801. A person named Carl Friedrich Gauss who computed the orbit of Ceres, and Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers who found it again later that year after it has passed behind the Sun. In honor of them, 1001 Gaussia for Gauss and 1002 Olbersia for Olbers were named along with 1000 Piazzia. In the next few years only three more astronomical bodies were found between Mars and Jupiter, Pallas, Juno, and 4 Vesta, however it would be 37 years before another asteroid was found, 5 Astraea in 1845.


1000 Piazzia, Naming
By 1868, 100 asteroids had been discovered, however it would not be until 1921 that the 1000th was discovered. The rate accelerated in the 20th century and the ten thousandth would be discovered in 1989.


1000 Piazzia, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Piazzia is a carbonaceous C-type and Cb-subtype, respectively, latter which transitions to the somewhat "brighter" B-type asteroids.


1000 Piazzia, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
After Piazzia had been published by The Minor Planet Bulletin as an opportunity for photometry in 2001, a classically shaped bimodal lightcurve was obtained by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646) in Rancho Cucamonga, California. The lightcurve gave a rotation period of 9.47±0.01 hours with a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude (U=3). A second lightcurve was obtained by astronomer René Roy in March 2007, rendering a period of 9.2±0.2 hours and an amplitude of 0.2 magnitude (U=2).


1000 Piazzia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives a low albedo of 0.05 and a diameter of 47.19 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5. According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Piazzia measures between 45.72 and 51.55 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.041 and 0.1119.


1000 Plant Genomes Project
The 1000 Plant Transcriptomes Initiative (1KP) was an international research effort to establish the most detailed catalogue of genetic variation in plants. It was announced in 2008 and headed by Dr. Gane Ka-Shu Wong and Dr. Michael Deyholos of the University of Alberta. The project successfully sequenced the transcriptomes (expressed genes) of 1000 different plant species by 2014; its final capstone products were published in 2019.


1000 Plant Genomes Project
1KP was one of the large-scale (involving many organisms) sequencing projects designed to take advantage of the wider availability of high-throughput ("next-generation") DNA sequencing technologies. The similar 1000 Genomes Project, for example, obtained high-coverage genome sequences of 1000 individual people between 2008 and 2015, to better understand human genetic variation. This project providing a template for further planetary-scale genome projects including the 10KP Project sequencing the whole genomes of 10,000 Plants, and the Earth BioGenome Project, aiming to sequence, catalog, and characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals
As of 2002, the number of classified green plant species was estimated to be around 370,000, however, there are probably many thousands more yet unclassified. Despite this number, very few of these species have detailed DNA sequence information to date; 125,426 species in GenBank, as of 11 April 2012, but most (>95%) having DNA sequence for only one or two genes. "...almost none of the roughly half million plant species known to humanity has been touched by genomics at any level". The 1000 Plant Genomes Project aimed to produce a roughly a 100x increase in the number of plant species with available broad genome sequence.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals, Evolutionary relationships
There have been efforts to determine the evolutionary relationships between the known plant species, but phylogenies (or phylogenetic trees) created solely using morphological data, cellular structures, single enzymes, or on only a few sequences (like rRNA) can be prone to error; morphological features are especially vulnerable when two species look physically similar though they are not closely related (as a result of convergent evolution for example) or homology, or when two species closely related look very different because, for example, they are able to change in response to their environment very well.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals, Evolutionary relationships
These situations are very common in the plant kingdom. An alternative method for constructing evolutionary relationships is through changes in DNA sequence of many genes between the different species which is often more robust to problems of similar-appearing species. With the amount of genomic sequence produced by this project, many predicted evolutionary relationships could be better tested by sequence alignment to improve their certainty. With 383,679 nuclear gene family phylogenies and 2,306 gene age distributions with Ks plots used in the final analysis and shared in GigaDB alongside the capstone paper.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals, Biotechnology applications
The list of plant genomes sequenced in the project was not random; instead plants that produce valuable chemicals or other products (secondary metabolites in many cases) were focused on in the hopes that characterizing the involved genes will allow the underlying biosynthetic processes to be used or modified. For example, there are many plants known to produce oils (like olives) and some of the oils from certain plants bear a strong chemical resemblance to petroleum products like the Oil palm and hydrocarbon-producing species.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals, Biotechnology applications
If these plant mechanisms could be used to produce mass quantities of industrially useful oil, or modified such that they do, then they would be of great value. Here, knowing the sequence of the plant's genes involved in the metabolic pathway producing the oil is a large first step to allow such utilization. A recent example of how engineering natural biochemical pathways works is Golden rice which has involved genetically modifying its pathway, so that a precursor to vitamin A is produced in large quantities making the brown-colored rice a potential solution for vitamin A deficiency.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals, Biotechnology applications
This is concept of engineering plants to do "work" is popular and its potential would dramatically increase as a result of gene information on these 1000 plant species. Biosynthetic pathways could also be used for mass production of medicinal compounds using plants rather than manual organic chemical reactions as most are created currently.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Goals, Biotechnology applications
One of the most unexpected results of the project was the discovery of multiple novel light-sensitive ion-channels used extensively for optogenetic control of neurons discovered through sequencing and physiological characterization of opsins from over 100 species of alga species by the project. The characterization of these novel channelrhodopsin sequences providing resources for protein engineers who would normally have no interest in or ability to generate sequence data from these many plant species. A number of biotech companies are developing these channelrhodopsin proteins for medical purposes, with many of these optogenetic therapy candidates under clinical trials to restore vision for retinal blindness. The first published results of these treating retinitis pigmentosa coming out in July 2021.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach
Sequencing was initially done on the Illumina Genome Analyzer GAII next-generation DNA sequencing platform at the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI Shenzhen, China), but later samples were run on the faster Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Starting with the 28 Illumina Genome Analyzer next-generation DNA sequencing machines, these were eventually upgraded to 100 HiSeq 2000 sequencers at the Beijing Genomics Institute. The initial 3Gb/run (3 billion base pairs per experiment) capacity of each of these machines enabled fast and accurate sequencing of the plant samples.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach, Species selection
The selection of plant species to be sequenced was compiled through an international collaboration of the various funding agencies and researcher groups expressing their interest in certain plants. There was a focus on those plant species that are known to have useful biosynthetic capacity to facilitate the biotechnology goals of the project, and selection of other species to fill in gaps and explain some unknown evolutionary relationships of the current plant phylogeny.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach, Species selection
In addition to industrial compound biosynthetic capacity, plant species known or suspected to produce medically active chemicals (such as poppies producing opiates) were assigned a high priority to better understand the synthesis process, explore commercial production potential, and discover new pharmaceutical options. A large number of plant species with medicinal properties were selected from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The completed list of selected species can be publicly viewed on the website, and methodological details and data access details have been published in detail.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach, Transcriptome vs. genome sequencing
Rather than sequencing the entire genome (all DNA sequence) of the various plant species, the project sequenced only those regions of the genome that produce a protein product (coding genes); the transcriptome. This approach is justified by the focus on biochemical pathways where only the genes producing the involved proteins are required to understand the synthetic mechanism, and because these thousands of sequences would represent adequate sequence detail to construct very robust evolutionary relationships through sequence comparison.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach, Transcriptome vs. genome sequencing
The numbers of coding genes in plant species can vary considerably, but all have tens of thousands or more making the transcriptome a large collection of information. However, non-coding sequence makes up the majority (>90%) of the genome content. Although this approach is similar conceptually to expressed sequence tags (ESTs), it is fundamentally different in that the entire sequence of each gene will be acquired with high coverage rather than just a small portion of the gene sequence with an EST. To distinguish the two, the non-EST method is known as “shotgun transcriptome sequencing”.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach, Transcriptome shotgun sequencing
mRNA (messenger RNA) is collected from a sample, converted to cDNA by a reverse transcriptase enzyme, and then fragmented so that it can be sequenced. Other than transcriptome shotgun sequencing, this technique has been called RNA-seq and whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS). Once the cDNA fragments are sequenced, they will be de novo assembled (without aligning to a reference genome sequence) back into the complete gene sequence by combining all of the fragments from that gene during the data analysis phase. A new a de novo transcriptome assembler designed specifically for RNA-Seq was produced for this project, SOAPdenovo-Trans being part of the SOAP suite of genome assembly tools from the BGI.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Project approach, Plant tissue sampling
The samples came from around the world, with a number of particularly rare species being supplied by botanical gardens such as the Fairy Lake Botanical Garden (Shenzhen, China). The type of tissue collected was determined by the expected location of biosynthetic activity; for example if an interesting process or chemical is known to exist primarily in the leaves, leaf sample was used. A number of RNA-sequencing protocols were adapted and tested for different tissue types, and these were openly shared via the protocols.io platform.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Potential limitations
Since only the transcriptome was sequenced, the project did not reveal information about gene regulatory sequence, non-coding RNAs, DNA repetitive elements, or other genomic features that are not part of the coding sequence. Based on the few whole plant genomes collected so far, these non-coding regions will in fact make up the majority of the genome, and the non-coding DNA may actually be the primary driver of trait differences seen between species.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Potential limitations
Since mRNA was the starting material, the amount of sequence representation for a given gene is based on the expression level (how many mRNA molecules it produces). This means that highly expressed genes get better coverage because there is more sequence to work from. The result, then, is that some important genes may not have been reliably detected by the project if they are expressed at a low level yet still have important biochemical functions.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Potential limitations
Many plant species (especially agriculturally manipulated ones)  are known to have undergone large genome-wide changes through duplication of the whole genome. The rice and the wheat genomes, for example, can have 4-6 copies of whole genomes  (wheat) whereas animals typically only have 2 (diploidy). These duplicated genes may pose a problem for the de novo assembly of sequence fragments, because repeat sequences confuse the computer programs when trying to put the fragments together, and they can be difficult to track through evolution.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Comparison with the 1000 Genomes Project, Similarities
Just as the Beijing Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, China is one of the major genomics centers involved in the 1000 Genomes Project, the institute is the site of sequencing for the 1000 Plant Genomes Project. Both projects are large-scale efforts to obtain detailed DNA sequence information to improve our understanding of the organisms, and both projects will utilize next-generation sequencing to facilitate a timely completion.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Comparison with the 1000 Genomes Project, Differences
The goals of the two projects are significantly different. While the 1000 Genomes Project focuses on genetic variation in a single species, the 1000 Plant Genomes Project looks at the evolutionary relationships and genes of 1000 different plant species.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Comparison with the 1000 Genomes Project, Differences
While the 1000 Genomes Project was estimated to cost up to $50 million USD, the 1000 Plant Genomes Project was not as expensive; the difference in cost coming from the target sequence in the genomes. Since the 1000 Plant Genomes Project only sequenced the transcriptome, whereas the human project sequenced as much of the genome as is decided feasible, there is a much lower amount of sequencing effort needed in this more specific approach.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Comparison with the 1000 Genomes Project, Differences
While this means that there was less overall sequence output relative to the 1000 Genomes Project, the non-coding portions of the genomes excluded in the 1000 Plant Genomes Project were not as important to its goals like they are to the human project. So then the more focused approach of the 1000 Plant Genomes Project minimized cost while still achieving its goals.


1000 Plant Genomes Project, Funding
The project was funded by Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures (merger of iCORE ), , the , the  (BGI), and  (a USA-based private investment firm). To date, the project received $1.5 million CAD from the Alberta Government and another $0.5 million from Musea Ventures. In January 2010, BGI announced that it would be contributing $100 million to large-scale sequencing projects of plants and animals (including the 1000 Plant Genomes Project, and then following on to the 10,000 Plant Genome Project).


1000 Roses
1000 Roses  (German: 1000 Rosen) is a 1994 Dutch drama film directed by Theu Boermans and based on a play by Gustav Ernst. It was the openingsfilm of the Netherlands Film Festival and won the Golden Calves for Best Feature Film, Best Actress (Heebink) and Best Actor (Spijkers).


1000 Roses, Plot
A industrial town is in turmoil after the local steel factory closes.


1000 Second Avenue
1000 Second Avenue is a 493 ft (150 m) skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 1987 and has 43 floors. Originally named the Key Tower and the Seattle Trust Tower for its largest tenants, it is the 15th tallest building in Seattle as of 2012.


1000 Second Avenue, History
In 1981, a $37 million, 41-story office tower was announced for the site of 2nd Avenue between Madison and Spring streets, sporting an "unusual" curved corner for the entire northwest edge, as well as plazas arranged in receding stacked terraces facing south. The development, planned by Canadian developer Cadillac Fairview and Federal Way-based CHG International, was designed by NBBJ principal Donald Winkelmann and would be built after securing a major tenant. In June 1984, real estate developer Martin Selig announced that he would pay $8.4 million to acquire the project in a property swap with Cadillac Fairview and CHG. The office building would serve as the headquarters of the Seattle Trust and Savings Bank.


1000 Second Avenue, History
Demolition at the site began in November 1984, with a series of fire prevention tests conducted by the Seattle Fire Department inside the vacated United Pacific Building, an 11-story office building constructed in 1909 and donated for the test by Selig. The tests, each 15 to 30 minutes long, took place in prepared environments that simulated fires in high-rise buildings and evacuation protocols. One of the "most significant" of the tests was the monitoring of air pressure in elevator shafts and how this affects keeping smoke out of emergency access areas, as this data was needed for fire code updates.


1000 Second Avenue, History
Upon the building's opening in early 1987, Seattle Trust announced that it was bought out by Key Bank, who renamed the building to Key Tower on July 20. Key Bank announced plans in May 1989 to move out of the building into cheaper space in the new AT&T Gateway Tower; Selig filed suit in court to block the move, alleging that the announcement would "diminish the market price of [the tower]" and that the long-term lease signed by Key Bank had agreed to a move in 1992. The suit was dismissed and Key Bank moved to the AT&T Gateway Tower in 1991.


1000 Second Avenue, History
After the sale of the Columbia Center in 1989 to Seafirst Bank, Selig moved his real estate company's offices to the Key Tower. After the loss of Key Bank, the tower's name reverted to 1000 Second Avenue, which was the name of the Cadillac Fairview project from 1981.


1000 Second Avenue, History
Since 2012, the building has been host to an annual rappelling event to raise funds for the Washington Special Olympics program.


1000 Sherbrooke West
1000 Sherbrooke West (formerly known as Centre Mont-Royal and Place Internationale de l'Aviation) is a 28-storey, 128 m (420 ft) skyscraper at 1000 Sherbrooke Street West next to Tour Scotia and opposite McTavish Street in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The tower was designed by Rosen Caruso Vecsei Architects in the Brutalist architectural style, with a concrete and glass facade. Construction was completed in 1974 and once housed the headquarters of ICAO. In 1987, the ICAO offices were the site of the signing of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to protect the ozone layer - an agreement considered the most effective international agreement on the environment to date. The Centre Mont-Royal conference center is located on site.


1000 Smiling Knuckles
1000 Smiling Knuckles is the fourth studio album by American rock band Skin Yard. The cover art is by Jim Blanchard.


1000 Song Challenge
1000 Song Challenge (Korean: 도전 1000곡; RR: Dojeon Cheongok), also known as Challenge 1000 Songs, is a South Korean karaoke singing competition television series, which aired on SBS from 2000 to 2014. During the show, guests compete by singing popular songs accurately from memory. The songs are chosen randomly from a pool of 1000 songs. Unlike normal karaoke, the lyrics are not shown, so it is easier to make mistakes. The contestants with the highest scores proceed to the next round.


1000 Song Challenge
In one segment of the show, "Run Karaoke", contestants race to the microphone and whoever gets there first gets to sing a song and gain points. In another segment, the contestants hear the beginning of a song, and the first one to correctly name the song gains points. The winner of the final round receives household items as prizes, such a humidifier or espresso machine. Many popular celebrities were invited to the show, including BoA, Shinhwa and Girls' Generation.


1000 Song Challenge
The show began airing on October 22, 2000, and was extremely popular in its early years. It aired on Sunday mornings and had mainly older viewers. SBS cancelled the show in 2014 because advertisement revenue was low, and they wanted to target young people. The last episode aired on June 22, 2014.


1000 Song Challenge, Hosts
Various television personalities co-hosted the show throughout its nearly 14-year run. Comedian Lee Hwi-jae began hosting the show (with Jeong Hyeong-don) in April 2008, and continued until the show's cancellation in 2014. Trot singer Jang Yun-jeong first hosted the show for a year and a half, beginning in April 2006, and returned in August 2009. Lee and Jang were praised for their "smooth and entertaining" hosting style, and they won the "Best Couple Award" at the 2013 SBS Entertainment Awards. Jang left the show in April 2014 due to her pregnancy, and was replaced by Hyolyn.


1000 Stars
1000 Stars is the debut solo album by Australian singer and former Rogue Traders lead singer Natalie Bassingthwaighte. It was released through Sony Music Australia as a digital download on 20 February 2009, followed by a physical release on 21 February 2009. Upon its release, 1000 Stars debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of more than 35,000 units. The album spawned two top-ten singles, "Alive" and "Someday Soon", which were both certified platinum.


1000 Stars, Background and release
In 2006, Bassingthwaighte had signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia to embark on a solo career. She wrote and recorded 1000 Stars over three months in London, Los Angeles and Sweden with several songwriters and producers, including Paul Barry, Steve Anderson, Jimmy Harry and Ina Wroldsen, among others. The album was released digitally on 20 February 2009 and physically on 21 February 2009. The digital edition on iTunes includes the bonus track "Star".