1 of 1 (album), Concept and composition, 1 of 1
The lyrics of the song tell a story about a man who is confessing to his girlfriend telling her she is the only love of his life. Daley, Owens and Jiminez, the songwriter trio of "1 of 1", focused on writing a retro song with a modern feel. Daley emphasized that he did not want the new song to be caught in the frame of an old fake song and tried to keep the balance between the retro style and modern sound by giving it a strong drum beat to lead the track.


1 of 1 (album), Concept and composition, 1 of 1
Many known producers contributed to the album like Kenzie, British electronic songwriting duo LDN Noise, and Swedish songwriter Andreas Öberg. Most of the songs were created in April 2016 at a songwriting camp hosted by SM Entertainment. Jonghyun took part in composing the song "Prism", a two-step pop number featuring piano and synthesizer chords. For the song "Don't Let Me Go" Key and Minho participated in the rap making.


1 of 1 (album), Concept and composition, 1 of 1
"So Amazing", another mix of new jack swing and mid-tempo retro pop, is written by member Onew, which compares Shinee's happy moments of meeting their fans in concerts to a happy drive along the coast with a lover. British duo LDN Noise, who wrote Shinee's previous songs "View" and "Married to the Music", participated in producing the seventh track "Shift". It is said to have the unique sound of '80s pop music, adopting influences from both the house and UK garage genres by mixing synthesizer and deep bass sounds.


1 of 1 (album), Concept and composition, 1 and 1
The title track "Tell Me What to Do" of the repackaged album 1 and 1 is described as a medium-tempo "emotional R&B" track with "trendy electronic music" elements. The lyrics tell a story about a couple that attempts to spark their fading relationship. Yoo Young-jin, Kenzie, The Underdogs and Kim Eana participated in making Shinee's repackaged album. Onew, once again, took part in the songwriting process of the album, penning the lyrics to the song "Beautiful Life". For the repackaged album, the group emphasizes the vocals of its five members and take a ballad approach.


1 of 1 (album), Music video
The music video for 1 of 1 was released on October 5, 2016, through SM Entertainment's official YouTube channel, and takes inspiration from the 1990s—from the group's wardrobe to their dance moves. It also continues the retro theme with a technicolor scheme that recalls the aesthetic of the '30s and '40s. In the video, the members serenade their listeners while showing off their choreography. One of the group members, Onew, had to sit out for some of the dancing due to his injury, but is included in the video.


1 of 1 (album), Music video
Meanwhile, the members are surrounded by dozens of women wearing retro outfits and dance and pose around them. Jeff Benjamin of Fuse praised the atypical portrayals of beauty, stating: "from the female co-stars' rock messy hairstyles, dark lipsticks and eyeliners, and super-casual clothes, to the guys' offbeat hair colors (shoutout to Minho's turquoise-gray dye) and outfits, nothing is standard "K-pop" here".


1 of 1 (album), Reception
Critics have praised the group's attempt at the classic, old-school boy band sound. Both Tamar Herman of Billboard and Benjamin compared the title song to the music of groups like New Kids on the Block, New Edition and H.O.T. According to Benjamin, Shinee successfully brought their sound straight in to 2016's technology. He also compared the focus on singing directly to the listener and using the "you" pronoun to The Beatles' early material like "From Me to You" or "I Wanna Hold Your Hand".


1 of 1 (album), Reception
Stephanie Choi of Hello Asia and Gina Mei of Cosmopolitan compared the fashion style, filming techniques and overall aesthetic to the late 1980s and 90s, giving the music video a feeling of nostalgia. Choi also praised the group's successful attempt at retro styles that still maintain the previous dreamy-like Shinee sounds, like the track "Shift", which is a continuation of the group's previous songs "View" and "Married To The Music". The South Korean magazine Idology named 1 of 1 the best K-pop album of 2016.


1 of 1 (album), Reception
The album was a commercial success in South Korea. It peaked atop the weekly Gaon Album Chart and the title song charted at number four on the Gaon Digital Chart. In the United States, "1 of 1" charted at number two on the Billboard World Albums chart, while the title song peaked at number three on the World Digital Songs chart. The album sold over 170,000 album copies in the first month of its release, making it the second best-selling album in South Korea for the month of October 2016.


1 of 1 (album), Reception, Repackaging release
According to Lee Mi-hyun of JoongAng Daily, the most noteworthy feature of the repackage album was to pick "Tell Me What to Do" as the title song. He stated that it is an unfamiliar sound for a ballad, but is an interesting song choice because it shows the growth of Shinee's musicality, emphasizing that the group's "singing power is something, which needs to be carefully talked about". Sung Mi-kyung of OSEN likewise stated that Shinee have proved a broader musical spectrum through ballads with "outstanding sensitivity".


1 of 1 (album), Reception, Repackaging release
Jeff Benjamin of Fuse complimented the group's vocals in "Tell Me What to Do", particularly the chorus, with Jonghyun delivering "chill-inducing belts". He added it's done in a way that one can easily sing along with and stated that despite being released late into the year, the blend of melancholy and hope is helping the song to make a "last-minute run to be named one of the best K-pop singles of 2016". Tamar Herman of Billboard also praised the strong vocal performances from the members, particularly Onew and Taemin's sonorous belts, that made "Tell Me What to Do" the group's "most emotive single of the past few years".


1 of the Girls (group)
1 of the Girls  was a Cleveland-based R&B group discovered by Gerald Levert. The group's self-titled album was released in 1993, and featured the single "Do Da What", which only achieved moderate success. Another single, "Handle With Care" as also released from that albun.


1 of the Girls (group)
1 of the Girls group member Nina Creque appeared on 8Ball & MJG's Gold release single "Space Age Pimpin" and "Love Hurts" and she also appeared on "Running out of Bud" with Dave Tolliver of Men at Large. Ra-Deon Kirkland appeared on Walter Beasley's single "Don't Say Goodnight" on his album For Her. She is also a featured soloist with Pastor Ron Williams and Voices of Koinonia, appearing on multiple albums, some as Ra-Deon Sledge. Singles include "They that Trust" on Straight out of Zion and "I Love the Name" on Straight out of Zion, Vol. II: Churchin' At the Tabernacle. Marvelous Miles currently works in television production, working behind the scenes on series produced by VH1 and Bravo! networks.


1 of the Girls (group)
Nina Creque, died in February 2019 from an "undisclosed illness" .


1 point player
1 point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. It is for people who have significant loss of trunk control.


1 point player, Definition
This classification is for wheelchair basketball. Classification for the sport is done by the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation. Classification is extremely important in wheelchair basketball because when players point totals are added together, they cannot exceed fourteen points per team on the court at any time. Jane Buckley, writing for the Sporting Wheelies, describes the wheelchair basketball players in this classification as players having, "No lower limb and little or no trunk movement. Rebound overhead single handed." The Australian Paralympic Committee defines this classification as, "Players with little or no controlled trunk movement in all planes.


1 point player, Definition
Their balance in both forward and sideways directions is significantly impaired and they rely on their arms to return them to the upright position when unbalanced. One point players have no active trunk rotation." The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation defines a 1 point player as, "Little or no controlled trunk movement in all planes. Balance in both forward and sideways directions significantly impaired and players rely on their arms to return them to the upright position when unbalanced. No active trunk rotation."


1 point player, Definition
The Cardiff Celts, a wheelchair basketball team in Wales, explain this classification as, "significant loss of stability in the trunk so that (for example) the player would need to hold onto the chair (or wheel) with one hand whilst making a one handed pass or reaching for a rebound etc. whilst pushing Class 1 players will lean into the back of the wheelchair, with head movement forward and back with each push. Typical Class 1 Disabilities include : T1-T7 paraplegia without abdominal muscle control, post-polio paralysis with arm involvement and without control of trunk musculature."


1 point player, Definition
A player can be classified as a 1.5 point player if they display characteristics of a 1 point player and 2 point player, and it is not easy to determine exactly which of these two classes the player fits in. For example, Heidi Kirstie of Germany was a 1.5 point player.


1 point player, Rules
If a 1 point player fouls out of a game, their team is required to replace them in order to keep five players on the court. The team may need to make additional substitutions in order to ensure they do not exceed their point total of fourteen.


1 point player, Strategy and on court performance
One point players often play more minutes than other players because their low point value means another higher point player can be on the court. 4 point players can move their wheelchairs at a significantly faster speed than 1 point players. In games, 4 point players steal the ball three times more often than 1 point players. 1 point and 2 point players handle the ball the least on court.


1 point player, Strategy and on court performance
Early on in the sports history, 1 point players would use strapping to connect themselves to their chairs and get better balance and give some semblance of trunk movement. This technique led to players in other classes using strapping to improve their functionality, especially in regards to strapping their feet. During the 1990s, there was a push to ban tilting in wheelchair basketball. One of the major arguments against its use was that 1 and 2 point players could not execute this move. This ban occurred in 1997, despite American 2 point player  Melvin Juette demonstrating that it was possible for lower point players to execute at the 1997 IWBF 5 Junior Championships in Toronto, Canada. The tilting ban was lifted in 2006.


1 point player, Strategy and on court performance
In a push to increase participation the sport, people involved with the National Wheelchair Basketball Association have argued allowing able-bodied athletes to compete would help 1 and 2 point players because there would be a need to balance participation on the team because of the rules regarding maximum points on the floor.


1 point player, History
The original classification system for wheelchair basketball was a 3 class medical one managed by ISMGF. Players in this system were class 1. Following the move to the functional classification system in 1983, class 1 players continued to be class 1 players.


1 point player, History
The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."


1 point player, History
In 2005 and 2006, there was an active effort by the National Wheelchair Basketball Association to try to move from a three player classification system to a four-point classification system like the one used by the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation.


1 point player, History
For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case by case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, wheelchair basketball classification was scheduled for September 4 to 6 at Carioca Arena 1.


1 point player, Variants
Wheelchair Twin Basketball is a major variant of wheelchair basketball. This version is supposed by the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation, and played in Japan. Twin basketball has a three-point classification system based on the evaluation of the mobility of people with spinal cord injuries. In this variant, the equivalent to one point players would be red band head players. These players are "functional are only mm. Biceps, small pectorals, delta and hand extensor. Missing are mm. triceps, hand flexion and all finger functions. They represent the most severe handicapped group of players."


1 point player, Getting classified
Wheelchair basketball players who are going to compete at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in this classification need to have their classification be in compliance with the system organized by the IWBF, and their status listed as "review" or "confirmed".


1 point player, Getting classified
In Australia, wheelchair basketball players and other disability athletes are generally classified after they have been assessed based on medical, visual or cognitive testing, after a demonstration of their ability to play their sport, and the classifiers watching the player during competitive play.


1 point player, Getting classified
Once a player is classified, it is very hard to be classified into a different classification. Players have been known to have issues with classification because some players play down their abilities during the classification process. At the same time, as players improve at the game, movements become regular and their skill level improves. This can make it appear like their classification was incorrect.


1 point player, Competitors
Australians Brendan Dowler and Tige Simmons are 1 point players. Melanie Domaschenz and Clare Nott are 1 point players for Australia's women's national team. Other 1 point players include Britt Tuns of Germany; Abdi Dini and Brandon Wagner are a 1-point players for the Canadian men's national team; and Chad Jassman and Tyler Miller are 1.5 point players for the Canadian men's national team.


1 rin coin
The one rin coin (一厘銅貨) was a Japanese coin worth one one-thousandth of a Japanese yen, as 1 rin equalled +1⁄10 sen, and 100 sen equaled 1 yen. While not in circulation any more, one rin coins are bought and sold by numismatists for academic study, and by those with a hobby.


1 rin coin, History
One rin coins were first minted in 1873 shortly after Japan adopted a new currency system under the Meiji Restoration. These coins were approximately equal to a one mon coin of the old currency system. Meanwhile in the new yen based currency system the rin was the lowest denomination coin valued at one-one thousandth of a yen. All one rin coins are made from a bronze alloy, and are five-eights of an inch (15.75mm) in diameter with a weight of fifteen grains (0.9g).


1 rin coin, History
Production of one rin coins slowed by the middle of 1875, it was noted by the commissioner of the Imperial Mint that "there has been no lack of work in the department, on account for demand of copper coins, the whole of the coining-presses, excepting those for rin, having been daily in full operation". No coins were minted from 1878 to 1881 with the exception of 810 listed pieces being struck in 1880 for regular circulation. While coinage resumed in 1882 it was short lived as the rin was last minted for circulation in 1884. Factors for the one rin coin's demise included inconvenience due to their small size.


1 rin coin, History
One rin coins were later struck in 1892 (year 25) to have non circulating examples to display at the World's Columbian Exposition. It was noted by 1904 that a rin was worth +1⁄10 of a farthing or +1⁄20 of an American penny. All one rin coins were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953 and demonetized. The Japanese government passed a new law during this time that abolished subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen.


1 rin coin, Circulation figures
The following are circulation figures for the one rin coin, all of which were minted between the 6th, and 25th year of Meiji's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "七十" would read as "year 17" or 1884.


1 rin coin, Collecting
Common dates for the one rin coin can usually be found online, and at pawn shops where prices vary depending on the condition of the coin. Outside of the common dates are four coins which are considered to be rarities that sell for larger amounts. Coins dated 1876 (year 9) are described as "one of the two major regular issue 1 rin rarities", and an AU58 example brought $12,075.00 (USD) in 2011. The following date 1877 (year 10) is also considered to be "very rare", but sold for a lesser amount.


1 rin coin, Collecting
While coins dated 1880 (year 13) have a recorded mintage of 810 pieces, the actual amount struck is thought to be less. One example in AU58 condition sold for a similar amount as the 1876 dated coin at the same venue in 2011. The final of the four rarities are coins dated 1892 (year 25) which were used for display in Chicago. One of the few surviving examples in mint state condition sold at the same venue in 2011 for $63,250,00. (USD) Certification is recommended overall, as one rin coins have a simplistic design that has made them a target of counterfeiters.


1 sen coin
The one sen coin (一銭) was a Japanese coin worth one-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. One sen coins were first struck for circulation during the 6th year of Meiji's reign (1873) using a dragon design. The denomination had been adopted in 1871 but coinage at the time could not be carried out. Aside from an alloy change and a new rice stalk wreath design, one sen coins remained the same weight and size for the remainder of the era.


1 sen coin
The situation changed when World War I broke out under Emperor Taishō as rising metal costs led to a size and weight reduction. These smaller coins were first produced in 1916 with a paulownia design which was seen as liberal at the time. Emperor Shōwa took the throne in 1926, and Japan was pushed into a militaristic regime by the early 1930s causing metals to be set aside for wartime conditions. These effects would later impact one sen coins through numerous alloy, size, and design changes.


1 sen coin
Bronze was the first alloy to be used for coinage which was replaced by brass, then aluminium in the span of a single year (1938). One sen coins were made lighter and were reduced in size as World War II raged on causing a demand for material to make military supplies. The last coins were produced from 1944 to 1945 using a tin and zinc based alloy as the situation further deteriorated. Shortly before the war ended porcelain coins were struck but not issued, these were later destroyed. One sen coins were discontinued at the end of the war, and were demonetized at the end of 1953 along with other subsidiary coinage. Collectors now trade these coins on the market where their value depends on survivability rate and condition.


1 sen coin, History, Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924)
One sen coins along with twelve other denominations were adopted by the Meiji government in an act signed on June 27, 1871. This new coinage gave Japan a western style decimal system based on units of yen, which were broken down into subsidiary currency of sen, and rin. The first coins that were minted are trial strikes or pattern coins, which are dated 1869 (year 2) and 1870 (year 3). No coins were struck for circulation right away as the technology to produce the coins was poor at the time.


1 sen coin, History, Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924)
Silver and gold coins were produced and distributed to the market before copper coinage could be carried out. One sen coins were eventually introduced on August 29, 1873 via government notification. Each coin was authorized to be struck in an alloy of copper, weighs 110 grains (7.13g), and has a 1.10 inch diameter (27.9mm). The obverse features a dragon with the date of reign, while on the reverse a wreath design is used with a Chrysanthemum seal located above surrounded by the words "100 for one yen" in Kanji. The value "1 sen" is written in English on the obverse, and in Kanji on the reverse. These coins were legal tender only up to the amount of 1 yen which was fixed by government regulations.


1 sen coin, History, Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924)
Production continued for a few years before it was stopped as no coins are dated from year 11 or 12 (1878 and 1879). It is theorized that the aftermath of the Satsuma Rebellion could have left an impact. When production resumed in 1880 (year 13), the scales on the obverse dragon design were changed from a square to a "V" shaped pattern. One sen coins using the first dragon design were made again until 1888 (year 21), when they were stopped due to mass production and a slight oversupply.


1 sen coin, History, Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924)
As with several other denominations it's possible that non circulating one sen dragon coins were made again in 1892 (year 25) for display at the World's Columbian Exposition. The Japanese government officially switched to the gold standard on October 1, 1897 and new coinage laws were adopted. Changes for the one sen coin included a reduction of copper content by 3%, while the weight and size of the coins were left the same as before. Both sides of the coin received a brand new design as some of the older elements were no longer viewed positively. The dragon on the obverse side in particular was removed due to the First Sino-Japanese War which lasted from 1894 to 1895. A rice stalk wreath was chosen to replace the dragon, while the reverse side of the coin received a sunburst design.


1 sen coin, History, Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924)
One sen coins continued to be struck for circulation in the Meiji era until 1902 (year 35). While coins dated 1906 and 1909 (year 39 and 42) were struck, none were apparently released for circulation. Production later resumed under Emperor Taishō in 1913 and World War I broke out in the following year. This event brought Japan a booming economy which required an increase of small denomination coins. At the same time rising metal costs to produce the coins became an issue, and their large size had made them difficult to distribute.


1 sen coin, History, Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924)
Pattern coins were made in 1915 and again in 1916 to test out a smaller design which debuted in the latter year. This new design features the paulownia coat of arms, is 23.03 mm in diameter, and weighs 3.75g. The paulownia design was controversial at the time and seen as a liberal democratic trend which was criticized by those in the right wing. One sen coins with this design continued to be produced until 1924 (year 13 of Taishō) without any additional changes.


1 sen coin, History, Shōwa (1927–1953)
Production of the one sen coin continued during Emperor Shōwa's 2nd year of reign in 1927, using the paulownia design. Meanwhile events around the world including the Great Depression were leading up to another world war. Japan was pushed into a militaristic regime by 1933, and started stockpiling nickel as war materials. The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937 and a National Mobilization Law was declared in the following year. This action suspended the coinage act of 1897 and allowed the Japanese government to issue temporary subsidiary coins without obtaining approval from the Imperial Diet.


1 sen coin, History, Shōwa (1927–1953)
New brass coins featuring a crow design on the obverse replaced the old copper paulownia coins on June 1, 1938. Brass was chosen as the previous composition contained tin which was a military-important metal not produced in Japan. The new crow design with waves and eight ridge mirrors on the back was made by combining submissions from a public offering.


1 sen coin, History, Shōwa (1927–1953)
On November 29, 1938 the act was revised and one sen coins were struck in aluminum as copper was needed for munitions. The diameter of the one sen coin was reduced from 23 down to 17.6mm, while the weight dropped from 3.75 to 0.90 grams. Although the coins were now smaller and lighter, the crow and waves design did not change. Using aluminum allowed coins to be produced in large numbers because the alloy is naturally soft, did not require annealing, and extended the life of the dies.


1 sen coin, History, Shōwa (1927–1953)
The design of the one sen coin changed again in 1941, featuring Mount Fuji on the reverse representing Hakkō ichiu. The obverse side shows the character "ichi" or "one" representing the value of the coin. This feature was allegedly handwritten by Isao Kawada, who was the minister of finance at the time. The diameter of the coin was reduced from 17.6 to 16mm while the weight dropped from 0.90 to 0.65 grams. In April 1943 the Japanese government announced plans to use tin in coinage as aluminum was now needed for more aircraft. One sen coins had their aluminum content dropped this year from 0.65 to 0.55g. As World War II drew to a close the amount of available aluminum became depleted.


1 sen coin, History, Shōwa (1927–1953)
Tin and zinc eventually replaced aluminum for one sen coins when they were issued in March 1944. The final design used for the coins features a chrysanthemum crest with value on the obverse, and inscriptions on the reverse. Tin was not an ideal choice for money as the metal is heat-sensitive and soft, but the Japanese government had no alternatives. Supplies came from occupied Southeast Asia where the metal was abundantly produced. One sen coins eventually became impossible to produce due to deteriorating conditions, and were discontinued when the war ended in 1945.


1 sen coin, History, Shōwa (1927–1953)
Unissued one sen coins made of porcelain were produced in the final months of the war and were destroyed afterwards. One sen coins were eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen. Currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time due to excessive post-war inflation.


1 sen coin, Circulation figures, Meiji
The following are circulation figures for one sen coins that were minted between the 6th, and 42nd year of Meiji's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "一十二" would read as "year 21" or 1888. Some of the mintages included cover more than one variety of a given coin.


1 sen coin, Circulation figures, Taishō
The following are circulation figures for one sen coins that were minted between the 2nd and 13th year of Taishō's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 大正 (Taishō), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "二十" would read as "year 12" or 1923.


1 sen coin, Circulation figures, Shōwa
The following are circulation figures for one sen coins that were minted between the , and  year of Emperor Shōwa's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Shōwa), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "二十"  would read as "year 12" or 1937. Coin patterns that include examples struck on porcelain are not included here as they were never issued for circulation.


1 sen coin, Shōwa era designs
Five different designs were used during the Shōwa era for the 1 sen coin, not including pattern coins which were never intended for circulation. As the weight and sizes were changed frequently after 1937, these designs have been listed separate with their respective information.


1 sen coin, Collecting
The value of any given coin is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general prefer uncleaned appealing coins. One sen coins with the dragon design (1873 to 1888) have two main key dates which are worth the most. The first key date are coins dated 1873 (year 3) given their low mintage, while the second and rarest key date of the series are coins from 1881 (year 14) with the "large 4" variety.


1 sen coin, Collecting
The latter of the two features slightly different strokes inside the character "four" (四), which makes the inner right stroke look like an obtuse angle. Copper subsidiary coinage including half sen, sen, and two sen coins all initially use a dragon design. All of these except one sen coins have two varieties made during 1877 as the scales were changed from a square to a "V" shape pattern. One sen coins received the change in 1880, and there is little difference in value when it comes to the design of the dragon's scales.


1 sen coin, Collecting
The next rice wreath design (1898 to 1915) spanned two imperial eras. In general, coins dated towards the end of the Meiji era (1898 to 1902) are worth slightly more than those made under Emperor Taishō. The most valuable of these coins are dated from 1900 and 1902 (year 33 and 35). Finally, one sen coins with the paulownia design (1916 to 1938) have a single key date with 1930 (year 5 of Shōwa). The one sen coin eventually received a crow design in 1938 and production increased. There are now plenty of surviving coins from this moment on until the end of the series in 1945. On average these dates can be obtained for around 1,500 yen (~$15 USD) in uncirculated condition.


1 the Road
1 the Road is an experimental novel composed by artificial intelligence (AI). Emulating Jack Kerouac's On the Road, Ross Goodwin drove from New York to New Orleans in March 2017 with an AI in a laptop hooked up to various sensors, whose output the AI turned into words that were printed on rolls of receipt paper. The novel was published in 2018 by Jean Boîte Éditions.


1 the Road
Goodwin left the text unedited. Although he felt the prose was "choppy", and contained typographical errors, he wanted to present the machine-generated text verbatim, for future study. The story begins: "It was nine seventeen in the morning, and the house was heavy".


1 the Road, Concept and execution
Emulating Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road, Ross Goodwin traveled from New York to New Orleans in March 2017 with the AI, in the form of a long short-term memory recurrent neural network. Three sensors provided real-world input: a surveillance camera mounted on the trunk was trained on the passing scenery, a microphone picked up conversations inside the car, and the Global Positioning System (GPS) tracked the car's location. Input from these sources, and the time provided by the computer's internal clock, was fed into the AI program, which in turn generated sentences on rolls of receipt paper.


1 the Road, Concept and execution
The car was a Cadillac; Goodwin explained later he wanted an "authoritative" car (and was unable to get a Crown Vic), and worried that people might think him a terrorist if they saw the car with its electronics and wires. Google paid part of the cost, having become interested in Goodwin's work at New York University. Accompanying him were five other people (including his sister and his fiancee), and the Cadillac was followed by a film crew which documented the four-day journey; the documentary was directed by Lewis Rapkin.


1 the Road, Concept and execution, Input and output
The AI program had been trained to sample fiction in preparation for the novel-writing journey. Goodwin fed it three different text corpora, each with about 20 million words--one with poetry, one with science fiction, and one with "bleak" writing, in Goodwin's words. It had also been fed a data set from Foursquare; the AI recognized locations from Foursquare, and appended commentaries to them. The conversations captured inside the car were rendered in mutated fashion. The locations provided by the GPS were outputted verbatim, to open the day's writing.


1 the Road, Concept and execution, Input and output
The AI generated the novel letter by letter. Due to continual input from the GPS and time clock, the novel often mentions the latitude, longitude, and time of day. It was printed unedited and thus is "choppy", according to Goodwin; typos were retained, since he wanted to show the text "in its most raw form". He believes the AI is capable of writing literature, but still feels responsible for the guidance and ownership of the content. Goodwin says his main purpose for this novel is to reveal the way machines create words: "In the future when this text becomes more sophisticated it's a warning. If you see patterns like this, it may not have been written by a human".


1 the Road, Concept and execution, Reviews
Thomas Hornigold, writing for Singularity Hub, concluded that the AI is no Jack Kerouac, but that "you might see, in the odd line, the flickering ghost of something like consciousness, a deeper understanding". Brian Merchant, writing in The Atlantic, read the entire novel in one sitting. He could not recognize a coherent plot or story arc, but saw "plenty of pixelated poetry in its ragtag assemblage of modern American imagery. And there are some striking and memorable lines".


1 the Road, Ross Goodwin biography
Ross Goodwin, a former ghostwriter for the Obama administration and a creative technologist, has often used neural networks to create poetry and screenplays. Notable works include the short film Sunspring, starring Thomas Middleditch and directed by Goodwin's frequent collaborator Oscar Sharp, and Word.Camera, an 1885 bellows camera that outputs poetry about whatever it is pointed at when the button is pressed.


1 the Road, Ross Goodwin biography
His Master's Thesis at New York University was a project called "Narrated Reality", for which he walked around the city with a backpack containing compass, punch clock, and camera; data from these devices was fed into an LSTM neural network whose output was "weird associative poetry". A year after 1 the Road, Google hired him to work with their Artists and Machine Intelligence project.


1 vs. 100
1 vs. 100 is an international game show franchise. It originated from the Dutch game show Eén tegen 100.


1 vs. 100 (2008 video game)
1 vs. 100 is the Nintendo DS adaptation of the game show of the same name developed by British studio ECi, in which a single contestant competes against an audience "mob" of 100. The game was released on July 3, 2008.


1 vs. 100 (2008 video game), Gameplay
The game's rules are identical to the game show's: A question is posed, and both the single contestant and members of the "mob" must guess at the answer. If the contestant gets the question wrong, the game is over and the prize money is split up amongst the mob. If the contestant gets the answer right, members of the mob who got the question wrong are eliminated, and the value of each question goes up for the solo player as the mob thins out. The contestant can opt to quit with their winnings at any time, or press their luck and continue on. Bob Saget, as with the televised show, is the game show host.


1 vs. 100 (2008 video game), Reception
Critical reception of 1 vs. 100 was generally negative. One universal complaint is the game's small question database, which results in many repeated questions. Reviewers also criticised the game for not giving the player incentives to score well, such as unlockable rewards or score records. IGN noted that "You can opt out to 'take the money' after each round but doing so just leads back to the main menu. The money just disappears: there are no unlocks of any kind or any reason to take the money." Long delays between questions were the cause of further grievances. Non -gameplay elements, such as graphics and sound received a mixed reception.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game)
1 vs. 100 was a massively multiplayer online game show video game developed and published by Microsoft Game Studios for Xbox 360, and an adaptation of the trivia game show of the same name.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Summary
There were two versions of the game, referred to as 1 vs. 100 Live and 1 vs. 100 Extended Play. The Live version was hosted by Chris Cashman in North America and James McCourt in the UK and Ireland, and places a single contestant as "The One" against a group of 100 that make up "The Mob", with the rest of the players making up "The Crowd".


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Summary
The One has the opportunity to win up to 10,000 Microsoft Points, credited to their Xbox Live account, while the remaining members of The Mob divide up the winnings and each win an Xbox Live Arcade game if they are able to eliminate The One. The top three players in The Crowd win the XBLA game as well.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Summary
The hosts and players were represented by Xbox Live Avatars. The game was free to all Xbox Live gold subscribers and was supported by advertising revenue. Seasons lasting 13 weeks consisted of various 30-minute extended play sessions followed by live two-hour episodes airing Tuesday and Friday.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Summary
Season 2 of 1 vs. 100 began on November 19, 2009 in France, Germany, the United States and Canada, and on November 20, 2009 in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Summary
On July 15, 2010, Microsoft confirmed that 1 vs. 100 wouldn't return for a third season.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Gameplay
At the beginning of each 1 vs. 100 Live round, a player is selected as "The One" and 100 players are selected to be "The Mob". Everyone else remains in "The Crowd". Selection is based on weekly, round, and season (lifetime) score.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Gameplay
The game's rules are nearly identical to the game show's: a question is posed, and both The One and The Mob must select an answer from three choices. If The One gets the question wrong, the game is over and the prize money is split up amongst The Mob. If The One gets the answer right, members of The Mob who got the question wrong are eliminated. The payout goes up for every tenth member of The Mob eliminated. The One can opt to quit with their winnings at various intervals, or press their luck and continue on.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Gameplay
The Live version adds the notion of "The Crowd", which allows hundreds of thousands of players to compete alongside The Mob and The One. The top three members of The Crowd win an Xbox Live Arcade game. The Crowd represents one of the three "helps" available to the one, which can be used at any time to lock in their answer. If The One fails to answer the first three questions, the helps are automatically used. The helps are:


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Gameplay
The better a member of The Crowd does, the better chance they have of being selected to be a part of The Mob or The One. Selection is based upon statistics for speed, accuracy, and the number of questions answered for that week. A player can only be chosen as The One once per season and as a member of The Mob once per Primetime episode. Each season will give players an opportunity to earn another 200 gamerscore.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Gameplay, Extended Play sessions
The Extended Play version eliminates The One and the crowd and simply has all players compete as a member of The Mob of limitless size. It is typically a 30-minute show with 37 total questions. While there are no prizes during Extended Play, a player's participation contributes to the chance that they will be selected to join The Mob, or be The One during the next Live episode. Players are able to submit questions to be considered for inclusion in the Extended Play mode of the game via a web interface.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
Manuel Bronstein, director of 1 vs. 100 for Microsoft Studios, describes the game as the realization of Microsoft's "vision for programmatic interactive experiences" delivered via Xbox Live Primetime. The game was due to be released in November 2008 with the "New Xbox Experience" update but it was delayed (as was the rest of the planned Primetime content).


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
While fairly simple in visual appearance, Bronstein explained that the game was in development for more than a year because of technical hurdles, noting that making sure "hundreds of thousands of people see the host and answer the questions at the exact same time and handling prizes and all the things associated with cheating made for an interesting technical challenge."


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
Bronstein commented that Microsoft met with the producers of the popular television game shows American Idol and Survivor before partnering with Endemol and choosing 1 vs. 100 "because of its social elements." Joerg Bachmaier, senior VP of digital media for Endemol said "We see [the Xbox Live version] as a replication of the show on another platform... Except now it's more active. Nobody is just sitting back and watching."


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
Microsoft has stated that the first season of the game would be a "pilot season". Future seasons were dependent upon the success of the show's ability to generate advertiser revenue. Sprint and Honda each paid around $1 million to become primary sponsors of the first season and Microsoft is trying to sell additional one-off or occasional commercial spots.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
A company named Ex Machina delivered the technology and services to help run the massive multiplayer trivia quiz application for Xbox Live. This included a special content management system (or "CMS") was created that supported the game content such as the questions and answers, all required metadata and multimedia items. Based on the individual results from each individual players' leaderboards were created in real-time.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
An open beta was made available to Canadian subscribers with a gold subscription from May 8 through May 24, 2009. The open beta was re-opened and extended to subscribers in the USA on June 1, 2009. Though it was still in beta, on July 10, Microsoft began awarding actual prizes in the North American beta (previously players testing the game simply earned entries into a sweepstakes). They also confirmed that the beta season that commenced June 1 would last 13 weeks. The beta season for both the US and Canada ended on August 31, 2009.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
The open beta for the United Kingdom began on July 10, 2009, and both Germany and France began on July 12, 2009.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Development
Based on input from the first season, changes were incorporated into the game for the second season. The player selected as "The One" was found to receive a plethora of messages when they were playing, and thus in the second season, "The One" had their online status set to "Busy", preventing these messages from distracting the player. "The One" also entered the virtual set in a more dramatic fashion.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Reception
Yahoo Games reported they "found it very hard to put down the controller" in a play test offered to the press and said while it may not necessarily "revolutionise primetime entertainment ... given the right kind of publicity, Microsoft could really have a winner on its hands.". Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of the Penny Arcade gaming webcomic both commended the game for its authentic game-show atmosphere and its natural-feeling extension of social avatar-based gaming, compared with the perceived flaws in Sony's PlayStation Home service.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Reception
The game was downloaded over 2.5 million times, and its success has led Microsoft to extend its beta season for two additional weeks. Microsoft claims that the North American version of the game surpassed the Guinness world record for "most contestants in a game show" with over 114,000 simultaneous players.


1 vs. 100 (2009 video game), Reception
With the release of the Xbox Series X and Series S console line in 2020, Xbox head Phil Spencer has said there is a strong interest in bringing back 1 vs. 100 given the success of trivia apps like HQ and Microsoft has been looking into how that would work in the current environment.


1 vs. 100 (American game show)
1 vs. 100 is an American game show that was broadcast by NBC from 2006 to 2008 and revived on Game Show Network (GSN) with a new series, which ran from 2010 to 2011. The game features a single player (the "1") competing against 100 other contestants (known as "the Mob") in a trivia match. The 1 earns prize money depending on how many Mob members he or she has eliminated from the game, but loses all winnings with an incorrect answer at any point. The host of the original NBC version was Bob Saget, while Carrie Ann Inaba hosted the GSN revival.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay
The game is played with the main contestant acting as the "1" answering questions against 100 other people known collectively known as "the Mob". The objective of the 1 is to be the last player standing, having eliminated all 100 members of the Mob by correctly answering a series of general-knowledge questions.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay
To begin the game, a multiple-choice question is revealed with three choices, one of which is correct. Once all of the Mob members have locked in their answers, the contestant is given the opportunity to answer the question. If the contestant is correct, all Mob members who answered incorrectly are eliminated from the game. The amount of money in the contestant's bank also increases by an amount dependent on the number of mob members that answered incorrectly. If the contestant eliminates all 100 mob members, the winnings is augmented to $1,000,000. However, if the contestant is incorrect on any question, the game ends, the contestant forfeits all accumulated winnings, and the Mob members who answered the question correctly equally split the losing contestant's earnings up to that point.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay
After every correct answer, the contestant is given the choice to either walk away with the money he or she has earned or continue playing. In conjunction with the various changes made in the sixth episode, the contestant could now only walk away after correctly answering the third question, the fifth question, and every question thereafter.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay, Helps
To assist the main contestant, assistance from the mob is offered in the form of "helps". Originally there were two helps, which could only be used in order. Starting with the sixth episode, a third option was added, the three helps were given names, and contestants could choose any of the three at any point in the game. The helps were, in order:


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay, Helps
After reaching a certain point in the game, contestants can be given a "Sneak Peek" which allows the contestant to see their next question (but not the three answers) before deciding whether or not to answer the next question. In season one, it was used when a player eliminated 90 or more members of the mob; it eventually became available once a contestant used all his or her helps in season two.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay, Payout structure
Originally, contestants were awarded a cumulative amount of money after each individual question for each Mob member eliminated; this amount increased with each question as the game went on. For example, a contestant who eliminated eight Mob members on his or her second question would be awarded $500 per member, adding up to $4,000 to add to his or her total. The payout structure was tweaked slightly prior to the third episode of the season and changed once again on the sixth episode in conjunction with introduction of the "Trust the Mob" help.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Gameplay, Payout structure
In the second season and on the GSN version, the payout structure was simplified to award contestants for every tenth Mob member eliminated. Most other rules from season 1 were intact, including the option to leave the game on questions three, and five onwards.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Production, NBC
The show first premiered on NBC as a five-episode series on October 13, 2006. On October 20, 2006, it was reported that NBC ordered ten additional episodes of 1 vs. 100, citing the show's encouraging ratings performance. The series returned to NBC's schedule with these new episodes on December 1, 2006.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Production, NBC
In May, NBC announced that 1 vs. 100 would return for a second season in Fall 2007 for an eight-episode run. The Singing Bee was originally scheduled to air after the initial run of 1 vs. 100, but its premiere was moved up to July to compete with Fox's new game show Don't Forget the Lyrics! In July, NBC announced some fall scheduling updates that included 1 vs. 100's season two premiere being temporarily delayed.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Production, NBC
In late 2007, as a result of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, NBC announced that 1 vs. 100 would return as a winter replacement sometime in January, and the series debuted its second season on January 4, 2008, with a revamped new set and payout structure.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Production, GSN repeats and revival
Game Show Network (GSN) began airing reruns of the show on June 6, 2009. With the ratings success of those shows in reruns, GSN announced a casting call in August 2010, implying that the network would be producing new episodes.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Production, GSN repeats and revival
On October 13, 2010, GSN announced plans to premiere an original revival series, hosted by then-Dancing with the Stars judge Carrie Ann Inaba. The initial order of 40 half-hour episodes began airing weekdays on November 15, 2010. The Mob members participated via webcam, while the "1" plays for the top prize of $50,000 ($100,000 on some episodes). Contestants also only had two of the NBC version's helps available: "Poll the Mob" and "Trust the Mob". In addition, contestants were only given the option to leave the game upon reaching at least $1,000 on the prize ladder, while the "Sneak Peek" was not used until the contestant had reached at least $10,000.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Production, GSN repeats and revival
The season finale of GSN's 1 vs. 100 aired on January 11, 2011. Inaba confirmed that she would not be returning to the series,  leading to the show's cancellation.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Reception
The series quickly became a ratings success for NBC, with the debut episode earning 12,800,000 viewers and a 4.2/13 rating/share among adults 18–49. Despite the high ratings, criticism emerged asserting that the questions tended to be far less difficult than those seen on other quiz shows. Slate's Troy Patterson noted: "Indeed, the only problem with 1 vs. 100 is its determined idiocy.... The quality of the quiz is of no importance to the new breed of quiz shows.... All that matters is the show of emotion—the contestant's joyful squeals, worried quivers, and relieved slumps." Brian Lowry of Variety added: "Endemol and NBC have managed the seemingly impossible — combining on a quiz/trivia show nearly as mentally undemanding as their no-skill-required hit Deal or No Deal....the questions are so simple that amassing thousands isn't much harder than guessing which case to open.


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Reception
Ray Richmond argued that while the series' format is "not a terrible game", it was easier than it was promoted to be: "While the idea of having one contestant take on 100 people in a game of trivia skill sounds on paper like a hugely challenging undertaking, in truth it probably is 100 times less challenging than Who Wants to Be a Millionaire because 1) the questions tend to be far less brainy, and 2) the competition ain't all it is cracked up to be."


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Reception
Ed Bark, a former television critic at The Dallas Morning News, gave the series a "C-minus" grade, calling it "another NBC big-money game show that really should be titled Dumb or Super-Dumb. How else to gauge the candle power required to answer the show's opening question: 'The 2003 movie Seabiscuit featured what kind of animal?'" The New York Times's Alessandra Stanley opined, "the point of 1 vs 100 is different: knowledge is beside the point."


1 vs. 100 (American game show), Merchandise
The success of the series inspired several home versions to be released. These included media home versions in the form of an interactive DVD game, a mobile app, a plug-and-play game, a version for the PC, a version for the Nintendo DS, and an interactive version for Xbox Live. Other home versions were a board game released by Pressman Toy Corporation, a card game published by Cardinal, and a 100-piece puzzle that formed a home version of the game once assembled.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show)
1 vs. 100 is an Australian spin-off game show based on the American version of the same name and the original Dutch version created by Endemol. The game pits one person against 100 others for a chance to win one million dollars. The program is hosted by former Nine Network CEO and personality Eddie McGuire.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show)
The Australian version of the show premiered on 29 January 2007 at 8:30 pm on the Nine Network and is recorded in the Melbourne Docklands Central City Studios.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show)
The format of the Australian show is based on series 2 of the US show (those US shows that aired after 1 December 2006). The prize ladder is half the value of the US ladder (in Australian dollars), with a single million-dollar jackpot for eliminating all 100 players.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show)
A second season of the show started airing on Friday, 6 June 2008 to 13 June 2008 (except for NSW and QLD), but it was put on hiatus then cancelled (and its website removed).


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
The Australian version of 1 vs. 100 is very closely related to the American version of the same name, with the only change being the prize structure. One contestant competes against a "mob" of 100 people for a top prize of $1 million.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
Contestants are given a question with three possible answers. The mob has to answer the question within six seconds, and then the contestant has to answer it. When the contestant is happy to answer the question, he/she then pushes the button that corresponds with the answer. If he/she answers the question correctly, any player in the 100-person mob who answered the question incorrectly is eliminated from play. Players add a specific amount to their bank for every member of the mob they eliminated on a particular question (see table, left). If after any correct answer the entire 100-person mob is eliminated, the contestant wins the grand prize of $1,000,000.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
After 90 members have been eliminated, the contestant can look at the question—but not the answers—for three seconds before he/she decides to choose either the money or the mob. The mob also gets to see the question as well. This rule was added to the US version on 9 March 2007.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
Contestants have three forms of assistance, or "helps" available to use at any point during the game:


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
Contestants have the option of using multiple helps on a single question, but are restricted to using each help only once during the game. Unlike the American version, the contestant cannot ask any member from the mob when using Poll the Mob.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
As in the US version, a player must successfully answer three questions on the first prize level ($500) before he or she has the option of leaving the game, taking all money earned after this round. If he or she continues, he must answer successfully two questions on the second level ($1,000) before the player may leave the game and take the money. Starting with the third level ($1,500), a player may stop after any successful question.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
If there are more than 10 mob members left, contestants must make that decision before seeing questions; once they see a question, they are committed to answering it. With 10 or fewer mob members, the contestant (and the mob) sees the question, but not the answers, for three seconds before making his or her choice to continue. When contestants quit and take their winnings, remaining mob members win nothing, but can compete in the next game.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
When a contestant answers incorrectly, however, they leave with nothing; any mob members who correctly answered that question split the contestant's earnings, and can continue the next game without putting their winnings at risk. (Mob members who answer that final question incorrectly are eliminated, and win nothing; they do not contribute to the prize pool.)


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
If the contestant answers the first question incorrectly, or the entire mob and the contestant answer the same question incorrectly, no money is awarded to anybody.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
The maximum amount of winnings after eliminating all but one member of the mob is $495,000. In order for this to happen, everybody including the contestant has to get the first twelve questions correct.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Format
In the Australian version, the podiums count up 1–100 from the top row, not the bottom row, as in the US version.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Launch and pre-show controversy
The Australian version of the show was officially launched on 18 January. The Nine Network approved a season of 15 episodes. The show was bought along with a planned Nine Network version of Show Me the Money to air in 2007 which never materialised. The first show was scheduled to be shot on Friday, 19 January and air from Monday, 29 January. However, controversy began before the cameras started rolling.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Launch and pre-show controversy
The controversy started among confirmed and potential contestants when taping of the first episode was delayed less than 12 hours before it was scheduled to start. The given reason was a problem caused by Melbourne's power blackouts three days earlier. However, speculation is that producer Michael Healy was asked a question at the Thursday night launch party, which was assessed as incorrect, despite the fact that he was right. Producers were not willing to chance problems at their first taping, hence inconveniencing the players, many of whom had taken time off work to attend the show. It is believed that around 30 contestants turned up to the taping on Friday, unaware that they were not required.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Launch and pre-show controversy
When taping did get under way on Sunday 21 January, a contestant in the first episode answered a question incorrectly: What is the unit of time equivalent to 60 seconds? Due to a technical glitch relating to the Mob, the question had to be asked again as if the question had never occurred (since the Mob must be asked the question first before the contestant gives his answer). The second time around, the contestant gave the correct answer, robbing the Mob of a chance at just over $100,000. This procedure would be different than in the US version, where a question would be replaced, and a disclaimer would run stating "because of a production problem, a question was replaced". (This question would eventually be asked as a home viewer question during the second episode).


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Launch and pre-show controversy
A season of 15 episodes has been approved for production and the first show was shot on 20 January 2007. A total of 33 episodes were produced for season one. The sound stage for the show is located at Central City Studios on sound stage 3.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Ratings
The 29 January debut of 1 vs. 100 did extremely well in the ratings, and was the most watched program of that particular night. A peak audience of 2.4 million viewers and an average audience of 1.95 million watched the show in Australia's capital cities. The second episode went to air on 5 February and narrowly lost in viewers to the season 3 premiere of Desperate Housewives in a competition for viewers against the Seven Network. With 1.43 million viewers, the second episode was well down on the premiere, but still a pleasing number for McGuire. The ratings for each episode are as follows:


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Contestants and their winnings
1 indicates the contestant is still playing, therefore, the total winnings and mob members may change.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Contestants and their winnings
2 no episode was broadcast on 26 February, due to the broadcasting of the 79th Academy Awards.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Contestants and their winnings
3 no episode was broadcast on 2 July, due to the broadcasting of the Concert for Diana.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Contestants and their winnings
4 The 9 July episode was a special episode with 100 teenage mob members instead of 100 adults.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Contestants and their winnings
5 no episode was broadcast on 27 August, due to the broadcasting of The King.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Contestants and their winnings
Total prize money given away to members of the mob: $502,390


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Pods
Pods is the Australian term used for groups of mob members who share the same careers or hobbies. In the Australian version, there are three pods for each new contestant to play. If there are two or three members are in a pod, they'll all be in a line. If four, five or six members are in a pod, they'll be in two rows.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Pods
1 Indicates the pods are still playing and therefore the numbers of pod members remaining and for what time period may change.


1 vs. 100 (Australian game show), Pods
2 The 9 July episode was a special episode with 100 teenage mob members instead of 100 adults.


1 vs. 100 (British game show)
1 vs. 100 is a BBC National Lottery game show based on the original Dutch version called Eén tegen 100. It aired on BBC One from 30 September 2006 to 23 May 2009 with Dermot O'Leary hosting the first two series and then Ben Shephard took over hosting the last two series.


1 vs. 100 (British game show), Format
One player is selected to play the game as The One from 100 people, collectively known as The 100. To win the game outright, the One must eliminate all members of the 100 by answering a series of questions correctly.


1 vs. 100 (British game show), Format
After having the opportunity to select one of two categories, a multiple-choice question with three options is revealed. The 100 is given 6 seconds to lock in their answers before the One is given the opportunity to answer the question. If the One is correct, any members of the 100 that answered the question incorrectly are eliminated from further play, bringing the lone contestant closer to winning the game. The amount of money in the contestant's bank also increases by £1,000 multiplied by the number of members of the 100 that were eliminated in that question.


1 vs. 100 (British game show), Format
If the contestant eliminates all 100 opponents, he or she claims all the money in the bank plus an extra £50,000 for defeating them. However, if the One incorrectly answers a question, the game ends and he or she leaves with nothing. Unlike other editions like the American version with the same name, if the One lost the game, the remaining players in the 100 won't share the money accumulated by the One. Also, the One cannot walk away with the cash he or she has accumulated in the game until the 100 is defeated.


1 vs. 100 (British game show), Format
At the end of the game during the last question of gameplay Dermot/Ben will announce when the last members of the 100 have been eliminated before revealing if the One has answered correctly, they will then be given an offer to bail out by refusing to answer their final question thus taking home the winnings that is already in the prize fund but the One will not collect the £50,000 for defeating the 100. If they refuse to bail and decides to play and the contestants is correct then they take home all the money plus the £50,000, but if the answer is wrong then he/she leaves empty handed.


1 vs. 100 (British game show), Format
During gameplay, The One has three “Dodges”, where if he/she doesn't know an answer to a question, they can refuse to answer the question and play their Dodge, but their prize bank will be slashed in half as of them guaranteeing their survival in the game, when the one has eliminated 75 opponents, they'll be given an opportunity to earn another dodge through the “Bonus Dodge” category but they cannot play a Dodge on that question.


1 vs. 100 (British game show), Format
In addition, after the first question, the One can also use their “Double” to earn £2,000 by the number of members of the 100 eliminated if the One answers the question correctly. The maximum amount of money a contestant can win is £250,000 if all 100 people are eliminated on a question using the double without bailing out.


1 vs. 100 (Chinese game show)
In 2008 and 2010, Hunan Satellite Television produced the Chinese version of 1 vs. 100, which has the same name as the Hong Kong version, called 以一敌百 (literally translated "to oppose 100 people by 1 person"). The first season was aired between March 5 and July 31, 2008 and the second season was premiered on April 15, 2010 and ended on December 23, 2010. The host was Wang Han (汪涵) in season 1 and Ren Jun (任军) in season 2.


1 vs. 100 (Chinese game show), Game rules
The show adopts the uses the season 2 rules of the American version. The mobs of this version are called "happy answerers" (快乐答人) in season 1 and "pass keepers" (守关者) in season 2. For the new rules, the One progresses the payout ladder for every 10 Mob members eliminated in succession, given in "happy gold balls" (快乐金球), which can be used to shop in  (season 1) or "gold coins" (season 2), either one of each currency equals to one Renminbi.


1 vs. 100 (Chinese game show), Game rules
If the "One" answers four questions (three questions in season 1) correctly, the contestant decides on whether to leave with the accumulated winnings or risk all and continue playing; if at any point the "One" answers incorrectly, the "One" loses all of their winnings while the winnings were to split amongst any remaining Mob members. During the game, the player can use any helps:


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show)
The Hong Kong version of 1 vs. 100, called 以一敵百 (lit. "to oppose 100 people by 1 person"), was produced by Asia Television and it is the first Chinese language version of the show. It was first broadcast as a 1-hour special on September 24, 2006 where the contestants were winners of at least HK$30,000 on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, then it was aired every weeknight between September 25, 2006 and December 15, 2006. It was hosted by lyricist Wyman Wong (黃偉文).


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), Gameplay
The format of the show is based on the original Dutch version, Eén tegen 100. At the beginning, The One (阿一) is randomly selected from a group of 101 players and the other 100 people will become The Hundred (阿百).


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), Gameplay
Before each question is shown, the category of the question is revealed first, and the One can choose between two difficulty levels, Normal (一般) and Difficult (困難). After the question and the three options are shown, The Hundred is given 6 seconds to lock in their answer, then The One is given the opportunity to answer the question. If The One is correct, all opponents that got the question wrong are eliminated. The prize gained in The One's bank is based on the following formula:


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), Gameplay
There is a ×2 doubler for The One which doubles the prize gained on a question. After The One has gained some money, three "escapes", 25, 50 and 75, which allows The One not to answer the question, can also be used in order. The opponents who got that wrong are still eliminated, but The One earns nothing on that question. Instead, 25%, 50% and 75% of the amount in The One's bank is deducted respectively. The One is not allowed to bail out at any point of the game.


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), Gameplay
If The One has eliminated all of The Hundred, The One wins the amount in the bank. If The One is incorrect, he or she is out of the game and loses the prize in the bank. But unlike other versions, a consolation prize is awarded, which depends on the number of opponents eliminated without using escapes:


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), Gameplay
When The One has completed the game successfully, the next One is chosen from all of The Hundred. If The One failed, the next One is chosen from those who got the last question right. If there are no survivors, one of all 100 opponents plays next.


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), Gameplay
The biggest possible winnings for The One is HK$1,237,431 (about US$159,000), which can be reached when The One answers 100 questions correctly, eliminates only 1 opponent on each question without using any escapes and uses the doubler on the last question. However, the biggest winnings record of the show is HK$603,933 (about US$77,800) only, which is less than half of that amount.


1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show), List of winners
Throughout the series, 11 people had eliminated all mob members, 9 of them are listed as follows:


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show)
The Philippine version of 1 vs. 100 was first aired on ABS-CBN on August 25, 2007. It is hosted by veteran Filipino quiz host Edu Manzano, from Pilipinas, Game Ka Na Ba? and Weakest Link. A single player (The One) goes up against 100 other contestants (The Mob). The One gains money for each mob member eliminated, but if the One answers incorrectly at any point of the game, the game ends and he or she leaves with nothing. The grand prize of the show is ₱2,000,000.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show)
The program is the fourth franchise the network acquired from its Dutch creator Endemol (after Pinoy Big Brother, Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal, and Pinoy Dream Academy) and it is also the most expensive, due to the studio's sheer size to accommodate the Mob.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show)
The first season ended on April 19, 2008. Its run was supposed to have ended a long time ago, as the program revealed, but it was extended twice due to popular demand.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
The Philippine version is similar to the format used in the U.S. and Australia and the new European format used in Italy and France. Contestants are given multiple-choice questions with three possible answers. Either The One or the Mob (or its remaining members) can win the prize depending on whether The One can answer the questions correctly. After answering a question correctly,  mob members who answered that question incorrectly are eliminated from the game leaving empty handed. Players add a specific amount to their bank for every member of the mob they eliminate on a particular question (See table, left). If after any correct answer the entire mob members has been eliminated, the contestant wins the top prize of ₱2,000,000.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
Contestants have three forms of assistance, or "helps," available to use at any point during the game, and as in the US version, they are "Poll the Mob," "Ask the Mob," and "Trust the Mob":


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
When the contestant has reduced the Mob to ten or fewer members, the next question is shown but not the answer choices. Equipped with this knowledge, the player then decides whether or not to continue playing. This method is called the Sneak Peek.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
Contestants may use multiple helps on a single question, but may only use each help once during the game. It is possible that a mob member may be picked for both the Alamin ang Sagot and Sagot ng Dalawa, even on the same question.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
After completing each round of questions, contestants can take their winnings and leave the game (while leaving helps unused, if applicable). Contestants must make that decision before seeing questions; once they see a question, they are committed to answering it; although if ten or fewer mob members remain, they can see the question (but not the answers) before deciding. When contestants quit and take their winnings, remaining mob members win nothing, but can compete in the next game.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
When a contestant answers incorrectly, however, he/she leaves with nothing. The mob members who correctly answered that question will split the contestant's earnings and return to compete in the next game. If everyone gets a question wrong, no one wins any money. Theoretically, each mob member can take home a minimum of ₱10.10 assuming the contestant gets the 2nd question wrong, only 1 mob member was eliminated in the previous question and the rest of the mob remains intact.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay
Mob members who are left, whether the One incorrectly answers a question or takes home the money earned, are to be referred to by the host as "The Unbeatables". In the following game when they would appear, they wear orange and black T-shirts bearing the words "Unbeatable 1" (with the numerals being the one used in the logo) to distinguish them from the new mob members. The numerals change increasingly for those unbeatables who survive through multiple episodes.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay, Ten Picks
From the December 1 episode, a new rule is in place. It is called the Ten Picks. In the start of the game, the One chooses 10 Mob members in 60 seconds. But if the One doesn't complete his Ten Picks, the computer would randomly choose from the mob to complete the selection process. During the game, as long as any of the chosen ten is still in the game, the One must commit to the game itself.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Gameplay, Ten Picks
Once all of the One's chosen ten Mob members are eliminated, the One can then choose to take the money accumulated or continue on. This is to ensure that the One stays in the game for as long as possible and to guarantee for the mob to go home with the money unless the One finally earns the option of Money or Mob.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
This concept of having a "Little Mob" of 100 children was supposed to last for only a single episode. But it ran for seven weeks due to "insistent public demand" and possibly to compete against the GMA's Kakasa Ka Ba sa Grade 5?


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
On October 13, 2007 episode, the show featured a mob made up of one hundred children, including ten Goin' Bulilit kids, five spelling champions, ten elementary school students (among them a junior Game KNB winner), ten track and field athletes, ten boy scouts, ten girl scouts, six go-kart racers, five Math Olympians, eight Quiz Bee champions, five gifted children, ten figure skaters, and Ira Alexis Jimenez Aclan, an 11-year-old violin prodigy. They all went face-to-face with celebrity contestant Randy Santiago.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
On October 20, 2007 episode, in another 1 vs. 100 Kids episode, celebrity contestant Reynold "Pooh" Garcia became the first winner of ₱2 million. The new "Little Mob"  who faced Pooh had among them five sets of twins, six children of celebrities, ten students of the UP Integrated School, ten child rappers, a Rubik's Cube champion, five "Tiktik Kalawang Boys" (boys who tinker with metallic junk), and five children from the district of Quiapo.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
On October 27, 2007, a third Kids episode aired, this time a Halloween-themed one. Two contestants played in the episode with two different Mobs. The one who faced celebrity contestant Long Mejia included amongst others six Super Inggo kids, ten students from Philippine Cultural High School (Main Campus), ten children of cemetery watchers, ten altar boys, six child actors who appeared in horror films, and ten members of a children's rondalla. The Mob who faced in Candy Pangilinan's game included six candidates of "Mr. and Miss United Nations", fifteen child boxers, ten debate team members, five valedictorian candidates, and six child commercial models, to name a few. Candy's game was carried over to the November 3 episode.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
In the November 11 episode, Bayani Agbayani faced a Little Mob which included pet lovers, Muslim students and children with high IQ. Not long after his very short game, Toni Gonzaga faced a Mob which has choir boys, Wushu athletes, and a drum and bugle band.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
On November 17, 2007, Anne Curtis faced a Little Mob which has students of different schools, boy scholars, a dance troupe, kid singers and a singing champion, and child painters.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
On November 24, 2007, Chito Miranda of the band Parokya ni Edgar faced a new mob which included members of a children's choir, "children with excellence" and members of an Ati-atihan dance troupe. It would become the last Kids episode. In the very next week, the adult Mob returned, the reason given by Edu being the Little Mob going on a "recess" because of the giveaways each member of each Little Mob received.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Kids
Pooh's game was revisited on the April 12, 2008 episode.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Gays
On January 5, 2008, Jay Contreras, frontman of the band Kamikazee, faced a Mob composed of drag queens and openly gay men from different careers and professions. Prominent members of that Mob included actor IC Mendoza (grandson of talk show host/columnist Inday Badiday), Arroyo impersonator Ate Glow, and TV host, politician, and former Pasay city councilor Justo Justo. Contreras defeated this entire Mob and became the second ever winner of ₱2 million and the first one in the expense of an adult mob. He was also the first person to eliminate his "Ten Picks" since the institution of the rule.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, 1 vs. 100 Health and Fitness Special
On March 1, 2008, Bea Alonzo faced a Mob composed of celebrities who have worked with her, fitness instructors specialized in either or both yoga and pilates, food technologists and nutritionists, dermatologists, cardiologists, aestheticians, skin consultants, facialists, pole dancers, belly dancers, garlic vendors, and babyfaces. She managed to eliminate her "Ten Picks" and walked away with ₱504,000.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, Clear Black Post-Valentine Special
On March 8, 2008, black-clad Piolo Pascual faced a Mob whose members wore red, the traditional color for Valentine's Day. This was a reference to an advertisement for Clear Anti- Dandruff shampoo and conditioner (a Unilever brand) wherein he plays a Black Cupid whose arrows turn red objects into black. Red was the only common denominator among the Mob members as they were composed of celebrities, dentists, psychologists, chefs, ice cream vendors, and members of the Catholic religious organization CFC-Singles for Christ and the Born-Again group Victory Christian Fellowship, among others.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, Clear Black Post-Valentine Special
He managed to eliminate his Ten Picks after nine questions, but he decided to forge for the next two. The last Mob member still standing, Maricris, a member of Singles for Christ on Podium 80, was the one setting a record, answering the 11th question correctly and stealing the ₱527,000 he accumulated, after he gave the wrong answer to that same question.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Theme episodes, Clear Black Post-Valentine Special
This final scenario was replicated in Ryan Agoncillo's game the next week, but with a bigger loot of ₱689,000 after 11 questions and one mob member left.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Notable Mob members
As in the US format, celebrities often participate in the game as Mob members, joining with civilian Mob players to face the opposition. Often, game show champions participate in the Mob, a concept brought in play in the original US episode, where an original Mob member was a well-known quiz show mega-champion.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Celebrity players, Original Format
The following played before the "Ten Picks" rule was implemented.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Celebrity players, Kids Version
The following played in the 1 VS 100 Kids version of the game.


1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show), Celebrity players, "Ten Picks" era
The following played when the "Ten Picks" rule was implemented. Unless stated otherwise, each of those listed won nothing.


1 yen coin
The 1-yen coin (一円硬貨, Ichi-en kōka) is the smallest denomination of the Japanese yen currency. The first Japanese one-yen coins were made of both silver and gold in the early 1870s. Issues facing the Japanese government at the time included wanting to adopt the gold standard, and competing against the Mexican dollar for use in foreign trade. The decision was made to use silver one yen coins exclusively outside of Japan for trade, while gold coins were minted and used in mainland Japan.


1 yen coin
Gold and silver coins were eventually allowed to co-circulate in mainland Japan from 1878 to 1897 when they were demonetized. Millions of former one yen silver coins were countermarked by the Japanese government for use outside of the mainland. Silver one yen coins continued to be minted until 1914 for backing up currency.


1 yen coin
One yen coins were not made again until after World War II in the late 1940s. These were made up of a brass alloy and were only minted for three years. The current one yen coin dates to 1955, is made up of pure aluminium, and has a young tree design which has been used since. In the early 2010s increasing usage of electronic money led to a lack of demand, and production of the coin was confined to mint sets until 2014. Regular production only lasted until 2016, when new one yen coins were again confined only to mint sets. Like with the U.S. penny, the Japan Mint has minted one-yen coins at a loss due to the rising cost of the base metal used in the coins.


1 yen coin, History, Early yen (1870–1914)
The first Japanese one-yen coins were minted between 1871 and 1872 using both silver and gold alloys. This came at a time when a new decimal system was put into place, and a modern mint was established at Osaka. The yen was officially adopted by the Meiji government in an act signed on June 27, 1871. While silver one yen coins are dated 1870, mint records show they were minted between 1871 and 1872 at the San Francisco Mint. Meanwhile, the first gold one yen coins dated 1871 were not minted until 1872 at the newly formed Osaka mint.


1 yen coin, History, Early yen (1870–1914)
No silver one yen coins were struck in 1873 as the year was devoted to turning out gold pieces domestically. The exclusive minting of gold coins during this time was reflective of the Japanese government's wish to switch to the gold standard in order to keep up with countries in North America and Europe. The Japanese government eventually came to the conclusion that issuing silver one yen coins alongside standard gold coins was in the best interest of foreign trade. Silver one yen coinage was resumed in 1874 for use outside of Japan to compete with the silver Mexican dollar.


1 yen coin, History, Early yen (1870–1914)
Japan ultimately went with a bimetallic standard in 1878, which gave the one yen silver coin legal tender status throughout the country. Silver one yen coins continued to be minted every year afterwards until 1897. Large amounts of coins were struck between 1878 and 1897 as the value of silver declined, which increased their demand. The fluctuations over the price of silver eventually made trade with Europe and the United States unreliable. Japan officially switched to the gold standard on October 1, 1897 and all of the silver one yen coins were demonetized.


1 yen coin, History, Early yen (1870–1914)
Leeway time was granted until July 31, 1898 for those wanting to trade the coins for gold. Many former one yen silver coins were then melted down to provide bullion for subsidiary coins. Others were countermarked "Gin" for use in Japanese-occupied Taiwan, Korea, and Lüshunkou. Silver one yen coins were not stuck again until 1901 when they served as a reserve fund for "Bank of Formosa" notes. This practice ended in 1904 due to the fluctuations in price between silver and gold. The production of silver one yen coins eventually ended in 1914 during the 3rd year of Emperor Taishō's reign.


1 yen coin, History, Modern yen (1948–)
Japanese coinage was reformed in 1948 with the issue of a brass one-yen coin. 451,170,000 coins were minted until production stopped in 1950. The obverse of these brass coins features a numeral "1" with "State of Japan" above, and the date below, while the reverse reads "One Yen" with a floral pattern below it. The current aluminium coin was first introduced in 1955 with a floral design. The obverse has a young tree, intended to symbolize the healthy growth of Japan.


1 yen coin, History, Modern yen (1948–)
The reverse side of the coin has a figure "1" in a circle that represents one yen; below the digit is the year of issue which is written in kanji. The one yen coin remains the oldest modern denomination coin with an unchanged design; throughout its minting history the coin was fully halted only once in 1968 due to excessive production. In 1989 a national consumption tax (set at 3%) was put into place resulting in many prices that were not multiples of 5 or 10 yen, causing the Japan Mint to produce one yen coins in huge numbers.


1 yen coin, History, Modern yen (1948–)
This consumption tax rate was raised in 1997 to 5%, reducing demand for the coin. By the turn of the century other factors such as rising metal costs and increasing usage of electronic money began to come into play. It was reported in 2003 that it cost 13 yen for the mint to produce a rolled plate for one yen coins. The rising price of aluminum had started to generate a commercial loss for the Japan Mint. In 2009, unsuccessful measures that included raising money from the private sector were tried in order to lower the cost.


1 yen coin, History, Modern yen (1948–)
From 2011 to 2013 the Ministry of Finance stopped issuing new one yen coins for circulation. There was a small production run of 500,000 to 700,000 coins in mint sets for coin collectors. Production resumed in 2014 when the consumption tax was raised again to 8%, causing sums to be less rounded.


1 yen coin, History, Modern yen (1948–)
The cost of producing each one yen coin was reported to be 3 yen as early as 2015. In the following year, more cashless transactions caused the ministry to stop issuing new one yen coins for circulation again. It was reported in October 2017 though, that one yen coins remained popular in places like Osaka, where the coins are traditionally used for merchant transactions. Despite their localized popularity, no coins have been made since 2016 apart from those in collectable mint sets. The Japanese government has set a goal of increasing cashless transactions to 40% of all transactions by 2025.


1 yen coin, History, Modern yen (1948–)
According to correspondent Leo Lewis of the Financial Times, the overall use of cash will not be "broken easily" in Japan. Lewis says that elderly Japanese people have not been eager for innovation, and conditions such as "low street crime, low interest rates and a reduced threshold on inheritance tax" remain in place that increase the appeal of carrying cash. One-yen coins have also seen non monetary usage; since all 1-yen coins weigh just one gram, they are sometimes used as weights. If placed carefully on the surface of still water, 1-yen coins will not break surface tension and thus can also float.


1 yen coin, Circulation figures, Meiji
The following are circulation figures for the coins minted between the 3rd and the 45th and last year of Emperor Meiji's reign. Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji). One yen trade dollars, minor varieties, and patterns are not included here. Countermarked yen ("Gin") are included in the original mintage totals.


1 yen coin, Circulation figures, Meiji
"Year" ← Number representing year of reign ← Emperor's name (e.g. 年 ← 五十三 ← 治明)


1 yen coin, Circulation figures, Taishō
The following is a circulation figure for coins that were minted during the 3rd year of Taishō's reign. Coins from this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 大正 (Taishō). This was the final year one yen coins were minted in silver, and is a one year type.


1 yen coin, Circulation figures, Shōwa
The following are circulation dates which cover Emperor Showa's (Hirohito's) reign. The dates below correspond to the 23rd to the 64th (last) years of his reign. Inscriptions on coins for this period all begin with the kanji characters 昭和 (Shōwa).


1 yen coin, Circulation figures, Heisei
The following are circulation dates during the reign of Emperor Akihito (Heisei), who reigned from 1989 until his abdication in April 2019. The first year of his reign is marked with a 元 symbol on the coin as a one year type. Coins for this period all begin with the kanji characters 平成 (Heisei). One-yen coins dated between 2011 and 2013 were only released in mint sets. Mintage was briefly resumed in 2014 only for it to be halted again in 2016. No one yen coins were released for circulation for the remainder of Heisei's reign.


1 yen coin, Circulation figures, Reiwa
The following are circulation dates in the reign of the current Emperor. Naruhito acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne on May 1, 2019 and he was formally enthroned on October 22, 2019. Coins for this period all begin with the kanji characters 令和 (Reiwa). The inaugural year coin (2019) was marked 元 (first) and debuted during the summer of that year. One yen coins have not been minted for circulation since 2015. Those that are minted are intended for collectors who purchase them at a premium.


1 yen note
The 1 yen note (1円券) was a denomination of Japanese yen in seven different series from 1872 to 1946 for use in commerce. These circulated with the 1 yen coin until 1914, and briefly again before the notes were suspended in 1958. Notes from the Japanese government, known as "government notes," were the first to be issued through a company in Germany. Because they were being counterfeited, they were replaced by a new series which included the first portrait on a Japanese banknote.


1 yen note
Almost concurrently, the government established a series of national banks modeled after the system in the United States. These national banks were private entities that also released their own notes which were later convertible into gold and silver. All three of these series came to an end due to massive inflation from the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877. National bank notes were re-issued as fiat currency before the national banks themselves were abolished. Both national bank and government one yen notes were gradually redeemed for Bank of Japan note starting in 1885. This redemption process lasted until all three series were abolished in 1899.


1 yen note
In 1882, the Bank of Japan was established to deal with the inflation problem. This was remedied by the gradual reduction of notes in circulation for notes issued by the centralized bank. From the time of the first issuance in 1885 to their suspension in 1958, one yen notes from four different series were issued by the bank. Their demise came from the aftermath of World War II due to massive inflation which devalued the yen. The last notes issued were poorly made and outsourced to the private sector for printing and production. All four series were suspended (de jure) by the Bank of Japan on October 1, 1958, in favor of the one yen aluminum coin. While one yen notes issued by the Bank of Japan remain legal tender today, they are worth much more in the collector's market.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, Meiji Tsuho (1872-1879)
The first one yen notes adopted and released by the Japanese government were part of a series known as Meiji Tsūhō (明治通宝). These notes were the first Japanese currency ever to be printed using western printing at Dondorf and Naumann, which was located in Frankfurt. Meiji Tsuho notes were designed by Edoardo Chiossone sometime in 1870 while he was working for Dondorf Naumann on behalf of The National Bank in the Kingdom of Italy. The process of making Chiossone's proposed design a reality started with the establishment of the "Imperial Printing Bureau of Japan" in 1871 (4th year of Meiji).


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, Meiji Tsuho (1872-1879)
In order to produce the currency the Japanese government reached out to Dondorf and Naumann to gain access to Western technology. Chiossone had a falling out with Italian Bank as his relationship with them had hit a breaking point. When the company suggested Chiossone for the role as engraver, he quickly accepted the offer. The production of money was handed over to the Imperial Printing Bureau in January 1872 when banknotes began to arrive from Germany.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, Meiji Tsuho (1872-1879)
All of these arrivals were purposely left incomplete due to security reasons, as the words "Meiji Tsuho" and the mark of the Minister of Finance were added by the Imperial Printing Bureau. Woodblock printing was eventually employed to save hundreds of people the work of handwriting the characters "Meiji Tsuho" on each individual note. One yen notes in particular were released in April 1872 (year 5), with subsidiary notes of 10, 20, and 50 sen. These notes measure 113mm x 71mm in size, and featured an elaborate design that was difficult to forge at the time as counterfeiting was previously rampant with clan notes. Eventually enough Western technology was brought over to Japan as the Japanese government produced some one yen Meiji Tsūhō notes domestically.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, Meiji Tsuho (1872-1879)
The elaborate design worked against counterfeiters for an unknown period of time before they found a way around it. Unstamped notes sent to Japan from Germany were legally obtained by these thieves. Normally Japanese officials would add stamps to the notes finalizing the process, where in this case the counterfeiters added their own stamps. Another major issue was the Satsuma Rebellion in February 1877, which helped lead to massive inflation due to the amount of inconvertible notes issued for payment. The Japanese government responded by stopping the issuance of government notes in 1879 as a hopeful remedy to the situation.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, Meiji Tsuho (1872-1879)
During this time legal tender Meiji Tsuho one yen notes had issues with paper quality, and were circulating with counterfeits. These problems led the Japanese government to issue redesigned banknotes in 1881 to replace Meiji Tsuho notes. Additional measures were subsequently put into place which included the establishment of a centralized bank known as the Bank of Japan. All of the remaining Meiji Tsuho notes in circulation that weren't already redeemed were to be retired in favor of either silver coinage or newly printed Bank of Japan notes. This period of exchange lapsed when Meiji Tsuho notes were abolished on December 9, 1899.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
The idea for national bank notes (国立銀行紙幣) in Japan came from Itō Hirobumi when he was studying the United States in 1871. During this time the Meiji government was working to establish a gold-backed monetary system based on Hirobumi's recommendation. The Japanese government accepted Hirobumi's proposal for national bank notes in 1872 by establishing the "National Bank Act" which organized a decentralized "U.S.-style" system of national banks. Each of these banks was chartered by the state to issue notes exchangeable for gold from reserves held by the banks.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
Permission was eventually given to these private banks allowing national bank notes to be issued in August 1873. The first bank notes issued are also referred to as old national bank notes (旧国立銀行券). One yen national bank notes in particular measure 80 mm x 190 mm in size, and are modeled after their counterparts in the United States. The obverse features samurai Nonoka Okumura (上毛野田道), a warship, and bank seals, while the reverse depicts a Mongol invasion. These circulated as convertible notes for roughly three years before the rising price of gold became an issue.


1 yen note, Government and National Bank Notes, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
An amendment to the National Bank Act was adopted in August 1876 making the notes inconvertible. Under this amendment there was no limit on the amount of paper money that could be issued. This action also allowed private banks to redeem national bank notes for government issued inconvertible Meiji Tsuho notes rather than for gold. Negative effects from this amendment in the form of inflation were greatly amplified by the Satsuma Rebellion in February 1877. While the rebellion was quickly resolved, the Japanese government had to print a large amount of fiat notes as payment.