103rd Regiment of Foot (1806)
The 103rd Regiment of Foot was a line infantry unit of the British Army. Though only existing for just over 10 years, the regiment would see more action than most of its 100-series regiments.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, Formation
On 25 November 1806, the 9th Garrison Battalion was formed in Enniskillen from limited service men drafted from: 2nd Btn, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot, 1st Btn, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot, 2nd Btn, 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot, 2nd Btn, 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot, and 2nd Btn, 71st (Glasgow Highland) Regiment of Foot. In 1807, the battalion served in Ireland on garrison duties until December 1808 when it was redesignated as the 103rd Regiment of Foot after the limited service men were discharged and others re-enlisted for general service.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812
In 1813, the regiment was shipped overseas to the Canadian Frontier, and was garrisoned in Quebec City, where it took part in the War of 1812. During the 1812 war, the flank companies (Grenadier and Light Infantry) saw service at notable battles, included: Patteron's Creek, Lundy's Lane, the Siege of Fort Erie and the Niagara Campaign. For its participation, the regiment was awarded the battle honours "Canadian Frontier" and "Niagara".


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812
During its tenure in Canada the regiment became known as "The Worst regiment in Canada", mostly due to the high desertion rate, very young recruits, and poor discipline. The nickname was given by the Governor General of Canada, George Prévost. However, this nickname was not well taken, and the regiment was able to prove its worth by gaining a battle honour.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812, Lundy's Lane
During the Battle of Lundy's Lane, the line companies of the regiment formed part of the First Brigade under Colonel Hercules Scott, at Twelve Mile Creek, while the flank companies were part of the Third (Light) Brigade under Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Pearson, encamped near Four Mile Creek.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812, Lundy's Lane
During the battle, the regiment melted away at the sight of just a couple American volleys. However, they were rallied by the extra-ordinary exertions of Major William Smelt. After another desperate assault, the British succeeded in forcing their way into the battery. Fearing the capture of the guns, Major Jacob Hindman spiked two cannons.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812, Fort Erie
During the Siege of Fort Erie an attack column, lead by Colonel Scott, of 700 men attacked the northern portion of the American lines. After making several attempts to capture the lines, though suffering heavy casualties and their location being given away by forward pickets, the attack column fell back. After this failed assault, the regiment moved westward to join the third assault column, which was on their right.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812, Fort Erie
During the assault of the third column, the assault was again held off, with many of the remaining men joining Drummond's column, which was in the process of attacking Douglass Battery. Yet another attack was ordered, and the sailors and marines of the column made it past the breastworks, but after a volley and bayonet charge by the 19th U.S. Infantry Regiment, they were yet again forced back and rallied, after just a few minutes.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, War of 1812, Fort Erie
During the siege, the regiment's commanding officer, Colonel Scott was killed. In addition, the regiment lost about 424 men, including 14 out of 18 officers. Before the siege, the regiment had been based in Burlington.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Service, Disbandment
In 1815, the regiment was still in Canada when it was reduced to six companies after personnel were drafted to other regiments. In 1817, the regiment arrived back in the United Kingdom, and on 24 October 1817 was finally disbanded while in Chelmsford.


103rd Regiment of Foot (1806), Uniform
The regiment's uniform consisted of a scarlet jacket with white facings.


103rd Regiment of Foot (King's Irish Infantry)
The 103rd Regiment of Foot (King's Irish Infantry) was a British Army regiment raised in 1781. Ralph Abercromby was colonel, of the regiment throughout its existence. It served entirely in Ireland before being disbanded in 1784.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers)
The 103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers) was a regiment raised in 1662. It transferred to the command of the Honourable East India Company in 1668 and to the command of the British Army in 1862. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers) to form the Royal Dublin Fusiliers in 1881.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), History, Formation
The regiment was originally raised in England as independent companies of European soldiers to garrison Bombay in February 1662. It embarked for India later that year and was transferred to the Honourable East India Company as The Bombay Regiment in March 1668. In 1688 it was renamed The Bombay (European) Regiment – "European" indicating it was composed of white soldiers, not Indian sepoys. The regiment saw action at the Battle of Plassey in June 1757 during the Seven Years' War. It also fought at the Battle of Buxar in October 1764 during the Oude Campaign. It next saw action at the siege of Seringapatam in February 1792 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War. It fought at the Battle of Seedaseer in March 1799 and the siege of Seringapatam in April 1799 during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), History, Early nineteenth century
The regiment fought at the Battle of Khadki in November 1817 during the Third Anglo-Maratha War. It then embarked for the Arabian Peninsula in October 1820 and saw action in operations against Omani pirates at Jalan Bani Bu Ali in March 1821.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), History, The Victorian era
The regiment took part in the Conquest of Aden in 1839 and was then renumbered as the 1st Bombay (European) Regiment later in the year (on the creation of the 2nd Bombay (European) Regiment), and designated the 1st Bombay (European) Fusiliers in 1844. It took part in the siege of Multan in April 1848 and the Battle of Gujrat in February 1849 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War. It also fought at various skirmishes during the Indian Rebellion.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), History, The Victorian era
After the Crown took control of the Presidency armies in the aftermath of the Mutiny, the regiment became the 1st Bombay Fusiliers in November 1859 and then the 1st Royal Bombay Fusiliers in May 1861. It was then renumbered as the 103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers) on transfer to the British Army in September 1862. The regiment arrived in England in February 1871.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), History, The Victorian era
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 103rd was linked with the 102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers), and assigned to district no. 66 at Naas Barracks in County Kildare. On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers) to form the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), Battle honours
The regiment received the following battle honours granted by the Honourable East India Company:


103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers), Distinctions
In 1844 the regiment was granted a number of honorary distinctions recording its past service. The awards were made by the Governor-General of India on 6 November 1844 in the following terms: "With the approval of the Right Honourable the Governor-General of India in Council, the Honourable the Governor in Council is pleased to direct, that the honorary distinctions specified below be borne upon the Colours and appointments of the 1st Bombay European Regiment, Fusiliers":


103rd Regiment of Foot (Volunteer Hunters)
The 103rd Regiment of Foot (Volunteer Hunters) was a British Army regiment formed at Bury St Edmunds in October 1760. It took part, alongside the Royal Marines, in the Capture of Belle Île in April 1761 during the Seven Years' War. It was then disbanded in England in 1763.


103rd Regiment of Foot (Volunteer Hunters)
Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Oswald was its colonel from 1761 to 1763.


103rd Rifle Division
The 103rd Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, formed three times. It was first formed in 1939. It was converted into a motorized division and fought in the Yelnya Offensive. After being converted back to a rifle division it was destroyed in the Battle of Vyazma. The division reformed in early 1942 but was destroyed during the Second Battle of Kharkov. It was reformed a third time in the Far East in summer 1942 and participated in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.


103rd Rifle Division, History, First Formation
The division was formed at Voroshilovsk in August and September 1939 from the 35th Rifle Regiment of the 74th Rifle Division. The division was converted to a motorized division in March 1941, part of the 26th Mechanized Corps. On 8 July the division became the 103rd Tank Division as a result of the reorganization of Red Army mechanized forces. During July and August, it fought in the Yelnya Offensive as part of the corps, now subordinated to the 24th Army. On 28 August, it became a rifle division again. In October 1941, it was surrounded and destroyed in the Spas-Demensky District, trapped in the Vyazma Pocket. However, the division was only disbanded on 27 December, despite coming out of the encirclement with only thirty men.


103rd Rifle Division, History, Second Formation
The division was reformed on 9 January 1942 from the 463rd Rifle Division (originally formed 22 December 1941) at Samarkand. The 103rd was composed of the 393rd, 583rd and 688th Rifle Regiments. In early March, the division was relocated to Starobilsk with the 28th Army and fought in the Second Battle of Kharkov during May 1942. Due to supply shortages the division was not provided with food from 28 April to 2 May. On 19 May, it became part of 6th Army but was surrounded and destroyed at Izyum between 25 and 27 May. The division was officially disbanded on 30 June 1942.


103rd Rifle Division, History, Third Formation
The division was reformed a third time on 21 July 1942 in the Transbaikal Military District and served there for the duration of the war. It was with the 2nd Rifle Corps in Transbaikal Front in January 1945. During August and September 1945, it fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. For its actions, the division was awarded the honorific "Khingan". It was disbanded in 1946 in the Transbaikal-Amur Military District.


103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion
103rd Heavy SS Panzer Battalion (German: "schwere SS-Panzerabteilung 103) was a German heavy tank battalion of the Waffen-SS during World War II.


103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, Operational history
The unit was originally formed on 1 July 1943 as the II Battalion, 11th SS Panzer Regiment and sent to Yugoslavia to fight as infantry; however, at the end of November, the battalion was converted back to armoured.


103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, Operational history
The Battalion was then issued six Tiger I tanks in February for training, but then ordered to give them to another unit in March 1944. Another six Tiger Is arrived at the training grounds on 26 May and four more in August. On 20 October, all ten Tigers were given to the training unit and the 103rd was outfitted with the Tiger II before being ordered to the Eastern Front, as part of the III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps.


103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, Operational history
On 14 November 1944 the unit was redesignated 503rd Heavy SS Panzer Battalion. It had a total of 39 (instead of the full complement of 45) Tiger IIs and was loaded onto trains on 27 January 1945, and sent to the Eastern Front in the Army Group Vistula sector. By 15 April 1945, the 503rd reported a total of 12 Tiger IIs, of which 10 were still operational. The 503rd ended the war fighting in the Battle of Berlin as part of Kampfgruppe Mohnke.


103rd Squadron (JASDF)
The 103rd Squadron (第103飛行隊 (dai-ichi-zero-san-hikoutai)) was a squadron of the 2nd Air Wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) based at Chitose Air Base in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was equipped with North American F-86D Sabre aircraft.


103rd Squadron (JASDF), History
On March 1, 1960 the squadron was formed at Komaki Air Base as part of the 3rd Air Wing. It moved to Chitose Air Base in 1961 and did Quick Reaction Alert duty for two years, until December 1963. The following year the 203rd Squadron was formed flying the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter.


103rd Squadron (JASDF), History
It was disbanded on October 1, 1968, the same day as the 101st Squadron. At that time, the 101st through 105th Squadrons used F-86D fighters.


103rd Street (Rosemoor) station
103rd Street (Rosemoor) is a commuter rail station along Metra Electric's main line in the Rosemoor neighborhood of Chicago. It is located at 103rd Street and Cottage Grove Avenue, and is 13.06 miles (21.02 km) away from the northern terminus at Millennium Station. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 103rd Street (Rosemoor) is in zone C. As of 2018, the station is the 217th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 36 weekday boardings.


103rd Street (Rosemoor) station
The station shares part of its name with two other stations on the Rock Island District line to the west. The first is on the Rush Hour Branch in Washington Heights, and the other is on the Beverly Branch (or "Suburban Line") in the Beverly Hills neighborhood of Chicago to the west. This 103rd Station is the nearest Metra Electric station to Gately Stadium Park, which is used both by high school and Chicago State University athletic teams. Although Metra gives the address as 103rd Street & Cottage Grove Avenue, parking areas are actually located on 103rd Street and Dauphin Avenue.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
103rd Street is a local station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at West 103rd Street and Central Park West on the Upper West Side, it is served by the B on weekdays, the C train at all times except nights, and the A train during late nights only.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), History
The station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated Independent Subway System (IND)'s initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street. Construction of the whole line cost $191.2 million. While the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line already provided parallel service, the new Eighth Avenue subway via Central Park West provided an alternative route.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
This underground station has two levels with northbound trains using the upper level and southbound trains using the lower one. Each level has one side platform to the west of two tracks.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
Both platforms have no trim line, but name tablets read "103RD ST." in white sans-serif lettering on a midnight blue background and black border. Small black "103" signs with white numbering run along the tiles at regular intervals and directional signs in the same style are below the name tablets. Blue columns run along both platforms at regular intervals with every other one having the standard black station name plate in white numbering.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
Within this station, the northbound express track descends to allow the northbound local to cross over it, before rising up at 110th Street, where the line becomes the standard four tracks side by side with the local tracks on the side and express tracks in the center.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout
The IRT Lenox Avenue Line passes underneath this station at the extreme north end on West 104th Street to Central Park North–110th Street. The line is not visible from the platforms. On the east side of Central Park West and West 104th Street, adjacent to Central Park, is an emergency exit enclosed in a small brick house for the IRT line, which passes underneath the station. From here the line curves northeast, running directly under Central Park's North Woods at this point.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout, Exit
This station has one fare control area at the center of the upper-level platform. A single staircase connects the two platforms before a turnstile bank leads to a token booth and one staircase going up to the northwest corner of West 103rd Street and Central Park West. The station is unique in that it has only one open staircase to street level.


103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line), Station layout, Exit
Directional signs that have been covered indicate that there were two more fare control areas. One exit at the extreme south end had two staircases going to southwestern corner of West 102nd Street and Central Park West, and the other at the extreme north end had two that went to both western corners of West 104th Street. Further evidence of these exits' existences includes new tiling on both levels, and doorways that lead to converted storage spaces on the upper level. The fare control area with stairs to West 104th Street was closed by 1940 and possibly as early as November 1932 - just two months after the opening of the station - due to frequent vandalism.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
103rd Street is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 103rd Street and Broadway on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, within Manhattan Valley, it is served by the 1 train at all times.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
The 103rd Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes 103rd Street started on August 22 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1948, and the station was renovated in the 2000s.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
The 103rd Street station contains two side platforms and three tracks; the center track is not used in regular service. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The mezzanine above the platforms contains exits to 103rd Street and Broadway.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx. A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
The 103rd Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 82nd Street to 104th Street, for which construction began on August 22, 1900. The section of the West Side Line around this station was originally planned as a two-track line, but in early 1901, was changed to a three-track structure to allow trains to be stored in the center track. A third track was added directly north of 96th Street, immediately east of the originally planned two tracks. The 103rd Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by West Side local and express trains. Express trains began at South Ferry in Manhattan or Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, and ended at 242nd Street in the Bronx. Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times. In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $41.7 million in 2020) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $13,888,000 in 2020) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
On September 30, 1910, the New York Public Service Commission approved a modification to Contract 1 to allow for the construction of additional entrances and exits at five stations, including 103rd Street and 110th Street on Broadway. Work was expected to be completed within a year of the date that permission was granted to do the work at these two stations. The northbound platform at the 103rd Street station was extended 125 feet (38 m) to the north, while the southbound platform was not lengthened. On January 24, 1911, ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line. Subsequently, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
In conjunction with the platform lengthening, a new entrance was constructed at the southeast corner of 104th Street and Broadway, and was completed in March 1912. The kiosk for this entrance had previously been in use at an entrance at the southeast corner of Broadway and 42nd Street, but was removed to allow for the widening of 42nd Street. In 1920, an additional exit was constructed at 103rd Street in case of emergencies. In 1930, the kiosk for the entrance at the southeastern corner of 104th Street and Broadway was removed.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
Platforms at IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations between 103rd Street and 238th Street were lengthened to 514 feet (157 m) between 1946 and 1948, allowing full ten-car express trains to stop at these stations. A contract for the platform extensions at 103rd Street and eight other stations on the line was awarded to Spencer, White & Prentis Inc. in October 1946. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the platform extension at 103rd Street opened.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
Simultaneously, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The first such fleet, the R12, was put into service in 1948. The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1. In 1959, all 1 trains became local.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
On October 17, 1969, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) adopted a contract for a project to remove the station's original entrance in the center mall of Broadway at 103rd Street with new entrances on the sidewalk so it could be put out for bidding. The project was intended to allow passengers to enter the station without having to cross Broadway.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
In 1979, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated space within the boundaries of the original stations at twelve IRT stations, excluding expansions made after 1904, as a city landmark. 103rd Street was not landmarked, unlike the 110th Street and 116th Street stations on the line, not because of a dearth of historic architecture, but as part of an compromise between the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and the LPC.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 20th century
In April 1988, the NYCTA unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train. When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and 103rd Street was served by both the 1 and the 9.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 21st century
In June 2002, the MTA announced that ten subway stations citywide, including 103rd Street, 110th Street, 116th Street, 125th Street, and 231st Street on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, would receive renovations. As part of the project, fare control areas would be redesigned, flooring, and electrical and communication systems would be upgraded, and new lighting, public address systems and stairways would be installed. Historical elements at the four stations on the line in Manhattan would be replaced or restored, including their white wall tiles.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 21st century
At the ends of the station platforms at 103rd Street, 110th Street, and 116th Street, a small section of station wall, which would look identical to the existing station walls, would be added to provide space for scrubber rooms. Work on the ten citywide renovation projects was estimated to cost almost $146 million, and was scheduled to start later that year, and be completed in April 2004, in time for the 100th anniversary of the station's opening, and the 250th anniversary of Columbia University.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 21st century
Columbia University agreed to contribute $1 million to the renovation of the 103rd Street station following its announcement in April that it would purchase a building adjacent to that station. As a condition of the funding allocation for the station renovation at 103rd Street, the university wanted work on the project to be expedited. Residents of Morningside Heights approved of the renovation plans, but were concerned that the expedited repairs would come at the cost of damaging the stations' historic elements. Block associations near the 103rd Street station contracted a firm to develop a plan to renovate the station quickly while maintaining its historic elements. The MTA was expected to decide whether preservation or speed would be prioritized in the station renovation projects by the end of the year.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 21st century
In December 2002, Manhattan Community Board 7 voted in favor of the plan to include artwork from the MTA's Arts for Transit program at the 103rd Street station, which was not landmarked. Community Board 7 voted against the plan to include new artwork at the landmarked 110th Street and 116th Street stations. On February 4, 2003, Community Board 7 voted in favor of renovating the 103rd Street and 110th Street stations, but against the inclusion of any new artwork in the stations, going against the board's initial vote to support the installation of artwork at 103rd Street.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), History, Service changes and station renovations, 21st century
The opposition to the addition of artwork at that stop stemmed from the belief among opponents of the plan for artwork that the station's historic features would be more vulnerable as the station was not landmarked. From May 31 to July 12, 2003, the uptown platforms at the 116th Street and 103rd Street stations were closed at all times for their renovations. Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout
This station was part of the original subway, and has two side platforms and three tracks, the center one being an unused express track. The platforms were originally 350 feet (110 m) long, as at other stations north of 96th Street, but as a result of the 1948 platform extension, became 526 feet (160 m) long. The platform extensions are at the southern ends of the original platforms. The southbound platform is 9.25 feet (2.82 m) wide, while the northbound platform is 9.67 feet (2.95 m) wide. There is a mezzanine above the platforms, which contains the fare control area, as well as two stairs to each side of Broadway, and two stairs to both platforms. The station platforms are located on a curve.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout
The southbound local track is known as BB1 and the northbound one is BB4; the BB designation is used for chaining purposes along the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from 96th Street to 242nd Street and not in everyday speech. Although it cannot be accessed at 103rd Street, the center track is designated as M. South of the station, there are switches that connect the express track to either local track, with trains then being able to cross over to the rising express tracks from the IRT Lenox Avenue Line, which curve from 104th Street in the east. An emergency exit from the Lenox Avenue Line is located in the middle of the northbound platform.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. Each platform consists of 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm) concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every 15 feet (4.6 m), while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 feet (1.5 m), support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a 1-inch (25 mm) gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4-inch (100 mm)-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Design
The decorative scheme consists of green tile tablets; green, pink, and red tile bands; a yellow faience cornice; and blue faience plaques. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor Alfred Boote Company and faience contractor Grueby Faience Company.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
The station has four entrance/exit stairs that serve both platforms. Two are on the northwest corner of Broadway and 103rd Street and two are on the northeastern corner of the same intersection. A fifth, exit-only stair leads from the northbound platform to the southeastern corner of Broadway and 104th Street.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
There was a control house in the median of Broadway, just north of 103rd Street, which was designed by Heins & LaFarge and dated to the station's opening in 1904. It was built as one of several station houses on the original IRT; similar station houses were built at Atlantic Avenue, Bowling Green, Mott Avenue, 72nd Street, and 116th Street.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
The station house, which was identical to one at 116th Street, occupied an area of 50 by 20 feet (15.2 by 6.1 m). The one-story station house contained exterior walls made of buff brick, with a foundation made of granite blocks. A limestone string course ran atop the exterior wall. At the corners of the station house were limestone quoins, which supported a copper-and-terracotta gable roof facing west and east. The ridge of the station house's roof was a skylight made of glass and metal.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
The doorways were centrally located on the north and south walls of the control house, topped by terracotta finials and a rounded gable. There were terracotta crosses on each rounded gable with the number "103" embossed onto them. Above the doorway was a pediment and an arched window made of glass and wrought iron. It was closed and eventually demolished in 1969.


103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), In popular culture
The 103rd Street station was one of the settings in the William S. Burroughs book Junkie and was briefly featured in the film Black Swan.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
103rd Street is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 103rd Street in East Harlem, it is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. It was renovated in 1990 and in 2015-2016.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
Following the completion of the original subway, there were plans to construct a line along Manhattan's east side north of 42nd Street. The original plan for what became the extension north of 42nd Street was to continue it south through Irving Place and into what is now the BMT Broadway Line at Ninth Street and Broadway. In July 1911, the IRT had withdrawn from the talks, and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) was to operate on Lexington Avenue. The IRT submitted an offer for what became its portion of the Dual Contracts on February 27, 1912.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
In 1913, as part of the Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, the Public Service Commission planned to split the original Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) system from looking like a "Z" system (as seen on a map) to an "H"-shaped system. The original system would be split into three segments: two north–south lines, carrying through trains over the Lexington Avenue and Broadway–Seventh Avenue Lines, and a west–east shuttle under 42nd Street. This would form a roughly "H"-shaped system. It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Upper East Side and the Bronx.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Construction and opening
103rd Street station opened on July 17, 1918, with service initially running between Grand Central–42nd Street station and 167th Street via the line's local tracks. On August 1, the "H system" was put into place, with through service beginning on the new east and west side trunk lines, and the institution of the 42nd Street Shuttle along the old connection between the sides. The cost of the extension from Grand Central was $58 million.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), History, Station renovations
The Downtown platform was renovated in 2015, with the placement of new white wall tiles, new floor tiles and benches. From January 26, 2016, to May 23, 2016, the Uptown platform was closed for renovation and was done in the same style as the Downtown platform. This was completed about a month earlier than planned.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
This underground station has four tracks and two side platforms. The two center express tracks are used by the 4 and 5 trains during daytime hours. The 6 stops here at all times, and the 4 stops here during late nights.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
All other stations between Grand Central–42nd Street and 125th Street on the line, except 110th Street, have the local tracks on an upper level and express ones on the lower level, with emergency exits provided at local stations for emergency egress.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
Both platforms have their original trim line, which has "103" tablets on it at regular intervals, and name tablets, which read "103RD STREET" in the original mosaic. Prior to the 1990 station renovation, mosaic tiles were used so as to depict the 103rd Street mosaic as a sign hanging down from a horizontal support beam above. These "signholders" were covered over in 1990. An emergency phone is present immediately to the south of the southbound local platform.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout
The 1990 ceramic artwork here is called Neo-Boriken by Nitza Tufiño, based on the neighborhood's Caribbean and Latin American heritage. According to the accompanying plaque, P.R.O.M.I.S.E. (Puerto Rican Organization for Growth Research Education and Self Sufficiency) helped to fund the murals. This is one of two projects Tufiño made for MTA Arts & Design; the other, Westside Views – a community project for which she was the lead artist – can be found at 86th Street.


103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line), Station layout, Exits
The station's only entrance/exit is a mezzanine above the platforms and tracks near the south end. It has two staircases from each platform, a waiting area that can be used as a crossover, turnstile bank, token booth, and two street stairs going up to the southeast and southwest corners of 103rd Street and Lexington Avenue. The mezzanine has mosaics indicating uptown and downtown directions. The fences surrounding each exit stairway are unusual as each section of the fence is at a different elevation, as they are located on Duffy's Hill, a sharp incline, on Lexington Avenue between 102nd and 103rd Streets.


103rd Street/Watts Towers station
103rd Street/Watts Towers is an At grade light rail station on the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail.


103rd Street/Watts Towers station
The station has an island platform on the Blue Line right-of-way adjacent to Grandee Avenue near the intersection of 103rd Street roughly in the center of Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is adjacent to the Watts Station, which historically served the Watts, Long Beach, and San Pedro lines of the Pacific Electric Railway. As the name of the station implies, it is located near Watts Towers.


103rd Street/Watts Towers station, Service, Metro Rail service
Blue Line service hours are approximately from 4:00 AM until 1:00 AM daily.


103rd Street–Beverly Hills station
103rd Street–Beverly Hills station is one of five Metra stations within the Beverly neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, along the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island District Line. The station is located at 10301 South Walden Parkway on the corner of 103rd Street, 12.8 miles (20.6 km) from LaSalle Street, the northern terminus of the line. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 103rd Street is in zone C. As of 2018, 103rd Street-Beverly Hills is the 71st busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 734 weekday boardings.


103rd Street–Beverly Hills station
Parking is available along both side of the tracks between 101st Street and 105th Street. South Walden Parkway runs along the west side of the tracks and contains parking lots between the street and the tracks. Hale Avenue runs along the east side of the tracks and also contains parking lots between the street and tracks. Hale Avenue terminates at 103rd Street, but a parking lot runs further north from there to 101st Street.


103rd Street–Corona Plaza station
103rd Street–Corona Plaza is a local station on the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of 103rd Street and Roosevelt Avenue. It is served by the 7 train at all times.


103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, History
This station opened on April 21, 1917, as Alburtis Avenue, as the easternmost station of an extension of the Flushing line past Queensboro Plaza. It was later renamed 104th Street, giving the possibility of a sealed exit at the north end, before taking its current name of 103rd Street–Corona Plaza. This station still contains signs showing Alburtis Avenue, but which now have been covered up. This station was the eastern terminal for the joint BMT and IRT services on the line until the extension to 111th Street opened on October 13, 1925.


103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, History
The platforms at 103rd Street were extended in 1955–1956 to accommodate 11-car trains.


103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, History
As part of the 2015–2019 Capital Program, the MTA would renovate the 52nd, 61st, 69th, 82nd, 103rd and 111th Streets stations, a project that has been delayed for several years but is slated to begin in mid-2020. Conditions at these stations were among the worst of all stations in the subway system.


103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, Station layout
This elevated station has three tracks and two side platforms. The center track is used by the rush hour peak direction <7> express service. Both platforms have beige windscreens and brown canopies supported by green frames and support columns in the center and green waist-high steel fences at both ends. The station names are in the standard black plates with white lettering, though some lampposts at both ends have their original white signs in black lettering.


103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, Station layout, Exits
This station's only entrance/exit is an elevated station house beneath the tracks. A pair of staircases from either side of Roosevelt Avenue between 103rd and 104th Streets go up to the station house, where there is a token booth in the center and a turnstile bank on either side. Both turnstile banks lead to a wooden waiting area/crossunder and have a single staircase going up to either platform.


103rd Street–Washington Heights station
103rd Street–Washington Heights station is a commuter railroad station on Metra's Rock Island District line in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, 12 miles (19 km) from LaSalle Street, the northern terminus of the line. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 103rd Street–Washington Heights is in zone C. As of 2018, 103rd Street–Washington Heights is the 187th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 101 weekday boardings.


103rd Street–Washington Heights station
The station is used only during rush hour. Regular service can be found at 103rd Street - Beverly Hills Station. Parking is available from 104th Street and Throop Street off 105th Street, along the right of way of the former Pennsylvania Railroad "Panhandle Line." Bus connections are provided by the Chicago Transit Authority.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)
The 103rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command (ESC) is a subordinate command of 377th Theater Sustainment Command (United States). The 103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) is located on the Fort Des Moines Joint Reserve Complex in Des Moines, Iowa. The command comprises 62 subordinate units and has command and control of almost 6,000 Army Reserve Soldiers throughout the midwestern United States to include locations in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Illinois. The 103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) provides trained and ready forces in support of global contingency operations. On order, the 103rd ESC is prepared to deploy and provide command and control to all assigned, attached, and operationally controlled units and will provide sustainment planning, guidance and support to forces in the area of operations.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Subordinate units
As of 2018 the following units are subordinated to the 103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary):


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
The 103rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command initially formed as the 103rd Infantry Division (United States), organized as a reserve division on 9 September 1921, in Denver, Colorado. It was ordered into active service on 15 November 1942 at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
The 103rd Infantry Division was activated as a reserve division on 7 May 1947 in Des Moines, Iowa. In February 1963, its combat elements were redesignated and reorganized as the 205th Infantry Brigade and the 103rd Operational Headquarters. In June of that year, that headquarters was redesignated 103rd Command Headquarters (Divisional). In December 1965, it was reorganized as the 103rd Support Brigade.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
The 103rd Support Brigade was redesignated and reorganized as the 103rd Corps Support Command (COSCOM) in September 1977. The 103rd COSCOM was the first corps support command in the U.S. Army Reserve.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
On 15 September 1993, the 103rd COSCOM inactivated. Out of the inactivation of the 103rd COSCOM was the birth of two new reserve units: the 19th Theater Army Area Command (CONUS) and the 3rd COSCOM (CONUS).


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
On 14 February 2006 the 103rd was redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 103rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command. The 103rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command re-activated as a reserve command effective 16 September 2006.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History
Although the division was officially relocated to the Iowa and Minnesota area in 1947, its Cactus Patch still reflects the unit's original geographic locations. The 103rd has transformed from an infantry division, to a support brigade, to a corps support command, to an Expeditionary Sustainment Command.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History, Operation Iraqi Freedom
In April 2010, the 103rd ESC deployed to Iraq in support of operations Iraqi Freedom and New Dawn and provided logistics and support to forces throughout the country. 103rd ESC's first deployment as an expeditionary sustainment command. The 103rd ESC's mission in Iraq was to reduce the footprint of the U.S. military presence in Iraq by providing logistical support and assistance with the responsible drawdown of equipment while simultaneously sustaining troops in theater. More than half the soldiers currently assigned to the 103rd ESC have been deployed previously to Iraq or Afghanistan with different units in support of other missions.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), History, Operation Enduring Freedom
On 16 June 2013, Soldiers from the 103rd ESC were deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and provide Combat Service Support capabilities within Regional Command East (RC East) and Regional Command North (RC North), in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. The deployed Soldiers came from the 203rd Transportation Company (Inland) to participate in this deployment as the 203rd Inland Cargo Transportation Company.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Unit Insignia, Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (SSI)
On a yellow disc 2+1⁄2 inches (6.4 cm) in diameter, a blue horizontal base, overall a green giant cactus, all with a 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm) Army green border. The cactus represents the home area of the unit in the Southwest when it was first organized and is symbolic of the unit's nickname.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Unit Insignia, Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (SSI)
The shoulder sleeve insignia was originally approved for the 103d Division on 14 October 1922 and the approval specified the segment at the bottom of the disc to be the color of the branch of service. On 18 June 1935, the authorization was amended to standardize the design with the segment at the bottom of the disc to be blue. It was redesignated for the 103rd Command Headquarters (Divisional) on 23 October 1963. It was redesignated for the 103rd Support Command on 29 March 1978. The insignia was redesignated effective 16 September 1993, for the 103rd Infantry Division. It was redesignated effective 16 September 2006, for the 103rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command and updated to add a symbolism.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Unit Insignia, Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI)
A gold color metal and enamel device 1+3⁄16 inches (3.0 cm) in height overall consisting of a gold heraldic millrind supporting a gold arrow, point up, and bearing upon its crossbar a blue fleur-de-lis between two blue five pointed stars; all upon a scarlet field and above a blue concave scroll, with ends white and folded vertically terminating at the outer edge of the crossbar, inscribed on the blue portion "WE SUCCEED" and on the white portion a cactus on the left side and a Yale key on the right, both vertical and gold.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Unit Insignia, Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI)
Buff (gold) and scarlet are the colors associated with US Army Support units. The millrind is symbolic of strength and support; the stars denote military leadership and the arrow suggests combat readiness. The cactus refers to the unit's early history as the Cactus Division and the key to its later redesignation to a Support Brigade. The fleur-de-lis and two stars represent World War II combat service in the Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace and Central Europe campaigns. The colors blue, white and scarlet also refer to the flag of Iowa, location of the unit's headquarters.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Unit Insignia, Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI)
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 103d Support Command (Corps) on 10 August 1982. It was redesignated effective 16 September 2006, for the 103d Sustainment Command with the description updated.


103rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary), Unit Insignia, Combat Service Identification Badge (CSIB)
A gold color metal and enamel device 2 inches (5.1 cm) in diameter consisting of a design similar to the shoulder sleeve insignia.


103rd Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve)
The 103rd Technical & Administrative Services Group, is one of five TAS units of the 1st Technical and Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve) of the AFP Reserve Command, and is based in Quezon City.


103rd Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve)
The AOR of the 103rd TAS Group covers the entirety of Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela. It is primarily tasked to support maneuver units of the AFP Reserve Force operating within these areas.


103rd Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve), The Commissioned Officer Corps
Officers of the 103TASG, AFPRESCOM are directly commissioned through AFP Circular Nr. 4 and 6 and may come from any of the following professions:


103rd United States Congress
The 103rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1993, to January 3, 1995, during the final weeks of George H. W. Bush's presidency and the first two years of Bill Clinton's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990.


103rd United States Congress
Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority, and with Bill Clinton being sworn in as President on January 20, 1993, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 96th Congress in 1979.


103rd United States Congress, Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


103rd United States Congress, Members, Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1994; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1996; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1998.


103rd United States Congress, Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.


103rd Wisconsin Legislature
The One Hundred Third Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 10, 2017, to May 8, 2018, in regular session. The Legislature also held four extraordinary sessions and four special sessions during the legislative term.


103rd Wisconsin Legislature
Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election held on November 8, 2016. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of their four-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 8, 2014.


103rd Wisconsin Legislature, Members, Senate members
Members of the Wisconsin Senate for the 103rd Wisconsin Legislature:


103rd meridian east
The meridian 103° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


103rd meridian east
The 103rd meridian east forms a great circle with the 77th meridian west.


103rd meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 103rd meridian east passes through:


103rd meridian west
The meridian 103° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


103rd meridian west
In the United States, the border between New Mexico and Oklahoma is defined by the meridian.


103rd meridian west
The 103rd meridian west forms a great circle with the 77th meridian east.


103rd meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 103rd meridian west passes through:


103rd station
103rd is a proposed rapid transit station for the Red Line as part of the Red Line Extension. The station is planned to open in 2029 if the CTA can get the funding for the $2.3 billion project. The station will be constructed adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad in Chicago's Roseland and Washington Heights neighborhoods.


104 (barge)
104 (also known as Barge 104, or No.104) was an American whaleback barge in service between 1890 and 1898. The fourth whaleback constructed, she was built between October 1889 and February 1890, in Duluth, Minnesota by Alexander McDougall's American Steel Barge Company, for McDougall's fleet of the same name, based in Buffalo, New York. She was a whaleback, a class of distinctive, experimental ship designed and built by McDougall. The whalebacks were designed to be more stable in high seas. They had rounded decks, and lacked the normal straight sides seen on traditional lake freighters. 104 entered service on April 21, hauling iron ore from Two Harbors, Minnesota.


104 (barge)
On November 10, 1898, while being towed out of Cleveland harbour with a cargo of coal bound for Duluth, she broke away from the tug Alva B. 104 crashed into Cleveland's west breakwater. She sank quickly, with her crew being rescued by the Cleveland United States Life-Saving Service. 104 was a total loss, becoming the first whaleback to be lost on the Great Lakes.


104 (barge), History, Background
104 was a whaleback, an innovative but not widely accepted ship design of the late 1880s, designed by Alexander McDougall. A Scottish immigrant, Great Lakes captain, inventor and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of barges to follow a towing vessel in heavy seas. Whalebacks were characterized by distinctive hull shapes with rounded tops, lacking conventional vertical sides, and conoidal ends. Their rounded hulls enabled water to easily slide off their decks, minimising friction, and letting them sail quickly and smoothly through the water. Their superstructure was located on turrets mounted on the main deck. The rounded contours of whalebacks gave them an unconventional appearance, and McDougall's ship and barge designs were received with considerable skepticism, resistance, and derision. As they had porcine-looking snouts for bows, some observers called them "pig boats".


104 (barge), History, Background
After McDougall was unable to persuade existing shipbuilders to try his designs, he founded the American Steel Barge Company in Superior, Wisconsin in 1888, and built them himself. McDougall actively promoted his design and company by sending the steamer Charles W. Wetmore to London, and starting another shipyard in Everett, Washington, which built the steamer City of Everett. Despite McDougall's further efforts to promote the design with the excursion liner Christopher Columbus, whalebacks never caught on, with only 44 of them being built.


104 (barge), History, Design and construction
104 (also known as Barge 104, or No.104) was constructed between October 1889 and February 1890 in Duluth, Minnesota by the American Steel Barge Company. Her first hull frames were laid down on October 23, 1889. 104 was launched on February 6, 1890, becoming the fourth whaleback built by Alexander McDougall's company. 104 was identical to 105 and 107, launched in April 1890 in Duluth, and August 1890 in Superior, Wisconsin, respectively. She had an overall length of 288 feet (87.8 m) (length between perpendiculars of 276.5 feet (84.3 m) or 276 feet (84.1 m)).


104 (barge), History, Design and construction
Her hull was 36.1 feet (11.0 m) (or 36 feet (11.0 m)) wide, and 18.9 feet (5.8 m) (or 19 feet (5.8 m)) deep. 104 had a gross tonnage of 1,295 (or 1,295.44, tons) tons, and a net tonnage of 1,230 (some sources state 1,230.69, or 1,231) tons. She had a cargo carrying capacity of 3,300 tons. 104 was an unrigged barge, and was towed by a steam-powered ship.


104 (barge), History, Service history
104 was built by the American Steel Barge Company for the fleet of the same name based in Buffalo, New York. She was enrolled in Duluth, Minnesota, on April 12, 1890 and was given the US official number #53257. Her home port was Buffalo. 104 entered service on April 21, carrying iron ore from Two Harbors, Minnesota. In 1895, management of the American Steel Barge Company fleet was taken over by Pickands Mather & Company of Cleveland, Ohio.


104 (barge), History, Service history
On April 24, 1896 while upbound, in tow of the whaleback freighter A.D. Thompson in the Detroit River near a coal dock in Detroit, Michigan, 104 was struck amidships, near the waterline by the wooden bulk freighter Philip Minch. A.D. Thompson and 104 proceeded up the Detroit River, as 104 did not immediately begin to fill with water, and her pumps kept her dry.


104 (barge), History, Service history
However, as the two vessels entered Lake St. Clair, 104's pumps could no longer keep up with the influx of water, causing her to sink into 16 feet (4.9 m) (or 17 feet (5.2 m)) of water. The wrecking tug Saginaw, equipped with a steam pump, was immediately dispatched to pump 104 dry.


104 (barge), History, Service history
On June 8, 1896, 104 and the whaleback barge 134 broke away from the whaleback freighter James B. Colgate in a storm. As neither of them had enough time to drop anchors in order to avoid grounding, both of them ran aground on Chequamegon Point. 104 and 134 were found to be aground in 2 feet (0.6 m) of water, embedded in sand and intact. They were released by James B. Colgate and the tugs B.B. Inman and J.W. Ward.


104 (barge), History, Final voyage
Late in the evening on November 10, 1898, 104, with 7 crewmen on board, was being towed out of Cleveland harbour by the tug Alva B. in a heavy storm. She was loaded with a cargo of coal bound for Duluth, Minnesota. Due to the heavy seas, 104 broke away from Alva B., and crashed into Cleveland's west breakwater, approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) northwest of the Cleveland United States Life-Saving Service. After pounding against the breakwater, 104 rapidly sank. Cleveland United States Life-Saving Service were notified of 104's situation, arriving at the scene with a lifeboat.


104 (barge), History, Final voyage
The poor weather prevented the rescuers from throwing a line to 104. Instead, they maneuvered their life boat inside the breakwater. Using ropes and heaving sticks, the rescuers managed to remove 104's crew, and put them on the breakwater. There were no injuries, or loss of life in the wreck. 104's enrollment surrendered on January 14, 1899 in Buffalo, New York. An article published on November 14, in The Times Herald of Port Huron, Michigan reported that 104 had already broken up. She was a total loss, becoming the first whaleback to be lost on the Great Lakes.


104 (number)
104 (one hundred [and] four) is the natural number following 103 and preceding 105.


104 (number), In mathematics
104 is a primitive semiperfect number and a composite number, with its divisors being 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, 26, 52 and 104. As it has 8 divisors total, and 8 is one of those divisors, 104 is a refactorable number. The distinct prime factors of 104 add up to 15, and so do the ones of 105, hence the two numbers form a Ruth-Aaron pair under the first definition.


104 (number), In mathematics
In regular geometry, 104 is the smallest number of unit line segments that can exist in a plane with four of them touching at every vertex.


104 Aquarii
104 Aquarii (abbreviated 104 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 104 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation A2 Aquarii. Based on an annual parallax shift of only 3.89 ± 0.25 milliarcseconds, the distance to this star is about 840 light-years (260 parsecs). At that range, the brightness of the star in the V-band is reduced by 0.10 magnitudes as a result of extinction caused by intervening gas and dust.


104 Aquarii
This is a double star and possible binary system. The primary component has a stellar classification of G2 Ib/II, which places it on the borderline between the bright giant and lower luminosity supergiant stars. It has passed the first dredge-up and may be undergoind Cepheid-like pulsations. With more than four times the mass of the Sun, this is an evolved star that has reached its current stage after only 135 million years. It has expanded to around 51–88 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 447–fold the luminosity of the Sun. This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,478 K, giving it the golden-hued glow of a G-type star. It is a suspected variable star.


104 Aquarii
The companion is a magnitude 7.9 star with an angular separation of 120.1 arcseconds from the primary.


104 BC
Year 104 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marius and Fimbria (or, less frequently, year 650 Ab urbe condita) and the First Year of Taichu. The denomination 104 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


104 Films
104 Films is a film production company founded by director Justin Edgar and producer Alex Usborne in 2004. They specialise in the representation of disabled and disadvantaged talent, both on screen and behind the camera. The first feature film released by 104 Films was 2001's Large. They have since produced various short films. In 2007 they released the feature film Special People. The feature film We Are the Freaks premiered at the 2013 Edinburgh Film Festival, competing for the Michael Powell Award.


104 Films
In September 2013 the British Film Institute unveiled a £3m annual talent support network, through which they are working with 104 Films to support emerging filmmakers with disabilities.


104 Films
104 Films co-produced the acclaimed feature documentary Notes on Blindness on the blind academic and theologian John M. Hull. The film premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film and won an Emmy in November 2015. They also produced Battlelines, a drama about deaf soldiers in WW1 which was shown at the imperial war museum film festival and won a Royal Television Society Award.


104 Films
Currently they are in production on Justin Edgar's fourth feature film The Marker, starring John Hannah and backed by Creative England.


104 Herculis
104 Herculis is a solitary variable star located around 560 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Hercules. It has the variable star designation V669 Herculis and the Bayer designation A Herculis, while 104 Herculis is the Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a dim, red-hued point of light with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −1.2 km/s.


104 Herculis
This is an aging red giant star on the asymptotic giant branch with a stellar classification of M3 III. It is a semiregular variable with an amplitude of 0.14 in the B-band and pulsation periods of 22.9 and 24.0 days. Having exhausted the hydrogen at its core, the star has expanded to 86 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 1,202 times the Sun's luminosity from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,535 K.


104 Klymene
Klymene (minor planet designation: 104 Klymene) is a large, dark Themistian asteroid that was discovered by J. C. Watson on September 13, 1868, and named after one of the many Clymenes in Greek mythology. It is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.60 years and an eccentricity of 0.16. The orbital plane is inclined by 2.8° to the plane of the ecliptic. It is classified as a C-type asteroid, indicating it probably has a carbonaceous composition. The spectra indicates the presence of aqueous-altered minerals on the surface based upon a sharp feature at a wavelength of 3 μm, and, as of 2015, is the only member of the Themis family found to show this absorption.


104 Klymene
Based upon measurements made using adaptive optics at the W. M. Keck Observatory, this object may have a bi-lobed shape with a length of 163 ± 3 km and width of 103 ± 5 km, for an average dimension of 133 km. This asteroid is located near the region of the Themis family but itself considered a background asteroid using HCM-analysis . It is listed as a member of the Hecuba group of asteroids that orbit near the 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter.


104 Squadron SAAF
104 Squadron is a reserve squadron of the South African Air Force. This squadron is used mostly in the VIP/IP transport role as well as reconnaissance flights in the Gauteng area. The squadron is based at AFB Waterkloof. These reserve squadrons are used to fill a pilot and aircraft gap within the SAAF by making use of civilian pilots and their privately owned aircraft. Most flying takes place over weekends and because pilots have a good knowledge of the local terrain in the area where they live and commonly fly, the squadron is also often used in a crime prevention role.


104 Tauri
104 Tauri (104 Tau) is the Flamsteed designation for a star in the equatorial constellation of Taurus. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.92, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is located about 50 light years from the Sun. It is moving further from the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of +20 km/s.


104 Tauri
This star has a stellar classification of G4 V, which suggests it is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star that is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its stellar core. It is an estimated 10 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 10 km/s. The star has about the same mass as the Sun, with 1.6 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 2.4 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,717 K.


104 Tauri
The apparent brightness of this star indicates that it is a young, population I star. However, the chemical abundances in its outer atmosphere tell a different story, suggesting that it is a population II star with an age of 12−13 billion years. This discrepancy may indicate that the star has undergone a period of mass accretion. Possible scenarios indicate that the star has either undergone a merger with a close companion, or else interacted with the progenitor cloud of the nearby open cluster NGC 2516.


104 Tauri
The star displays convincing evidence for an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of a circumstellar debris disk of dust.


104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade
104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade is a specialist military logistic support formation of the British Army. The brigade is the only one of its kind, and as such contains many of the special units of the Royal Logistic Corps and Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.


104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade, Mission
104 Logistic Support Brigade is the Army’s theatre logistic enabling formation whose role is to deliver scalable logistic enabling force elements at readiness and is prepared to provide a 1* HQ to act as or in support of the HQ National Support Element / Joint Force Logistic Component for any UK deployment.


104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade, Mission
It commands the entire Army’s logistic enabling capabilities ranging from Postal and Courier Services, Movement Control, Port and Maritime (which includes Vehicle Specialist), Operational Hygiene, Mortuary Affairs in addition to providing catering support, fuel storage and distribution, equipment and recovery support and logistic subject matter experts drawn from 2 Operational Support Group. With these capabilities, the Brigade activates strategic and operational Lines of Communications; mounting and deploying forces that deliver specialist logistic effects in support of joint expeditionary and enduring operations whilst providing robust support for both UK and overseas contingency operations. The Brigade also operates the Sea Mounting Centre at Marchwood and the Joint Air Mounting Centre at South Cerney; ensuring that the UK end of deployments are fully enabled and effective at all times.


104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade, Mission
In September 2021 the brigade transferred from  1 (UK) Division to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps.


104.1 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 104.1 MHz:


104.1 Territory FM
104.1 Territory FM is a community radio station based in Darwin, Australia. Territory FM broadcasts a broad range of adult contemporary music from the Casuarina campus of Charles Darwin University. News is provided by Nine News between 5:30am and 11:00pm. Territory FM also has a long-standing media agreement with the Nine Network, broadcasting Nine News Darwin bulletins every weeknight, as well as updates from their newsroom in the afternoons and weekend sport wraps.


104.1 Territory FM
The station is broadcast on 104.1 FM in Darwin, Palmerston, and the surrounding areas. In 2004 to 2008 it could also be heard across the Northern Territory in Batchelor, Katherine, Tennant Creek, Nhulunbuy and Adelaide River.


104.1 Territory FM
In 2016 the book Blazing A Trail On Darwin Airwaves – the first 35 years of FM 104.1 Darwin (1981-2016) was released, which documents Darwin's first community radio station and its history. Its introduction was written by long term staff member Jih Seymour. The book can be downloaded here ().


104.1 Territory FM
In 2019 Territory FM was added to the DAB services for Darwin and Palmerston. This service is a simulcast of its FM programming.


104.1 Territory FM, Listenership
A 2008 survey commissioned by Roy Morgan Research showed that 23% of Darwin and Palmerston residents listen to Territory FM. Territory FM is the most listened-to station in Darwin between 12:00pm and 6:00pm with 27% of Territory FM listeners aged between 35 and 54 years of age.


104.1 Territory FM, Listenership
A 2016 survey commissioned by Roy Morgan showed that Territory FM had a reach of 51% all people and is Darwin's most listened to radio stations, especially during the morning and afternoon timeslots. Weekend listening is extremely strong with programs such as the Acoustic Storm, Alice Cooper, Cultural Village and Saturday Night Rock.


104.3 - Tin City FM, Jos
104.3 - Tin City FM, Jos is a private radio station, located in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. It was founded by  Rev. Fr Martin Dama and inaugurated by The Minister of Information and Culture, Lai Mohammed.


104.3 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 104.3 MHz:


104.5 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 104.5 MHz:


104.6 RTL
104.6 RTL is a private radio station that is produced in a hot adult contemporary format. It is transmitted from studios in Kurfürstendamm in Berlin-Charlottenburg. According to German Media Analysis 2011/II, the station reaches 209,000 listeners in an average transmitting hour (Mon-Fri, 6AM-6PM) with a total of 709,000 listeners per day and thereby is one of the most listened to radio programs in Berlin and Brandenburg.


104.6 RTL, Program
The most listened to program on 104.6 RTL is, as is the case for most radio stations worldwide, the morning show, which is known as “Arno and the Morning Crew”. The show has a relatively large talk portion, which has predominantly comedic content, in contrast to the rest of the station’s programs. It has been moderated by Arno Müller since the beginning of the show, who is simultaneously the station's Director of Programming.


104.6 RTL, Program
The rest of the daily programs are, as is usual for hot adult contemporary stations, contrasted with a music-heavy program, interrupted by short presentations, hourly news (which are always broadcast at ten minutes before the hour), service information, and advertisements.


104.6 RTL, History
The station has been broadcasting since September 9, 1991. The model for 104.6 RTL was the radio station 102.7 KISS FM in Los Angeles, from which the method of construction of the radio studio has even been imitated, as well as numerous program elements.


104.6 RTL, History
Since 1997, 104.6 RTL has organized one of the largest free open-air festivals in the Kindl-Bühne Wuhlheide once per year with “Stars for Free”.


104.6 RTL, Frequencies
In January 2014, the DVB-T distribution was ended in Berlin.


104.7 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 104.7 MHz:


104.9 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 104.9 MHz:


104.9 Imagine FM
Imagine FM was an Independent Local Radio station based in Stockport broadcasting to South Manchester and Cheshire in the North West of England.


104.9 Imagine FM, History
The station began its life as KFM, initially as a pirate local radio station based in Stockport and broadcasting to the South Manchester/North Cheshire area on 94.2 mHz and then on 1017 kHz.


104.9 Imagine FM, History
KFM ran during the 1980s and then relaunched legitimately as one of the first 'incremental' local commercial stations in 1990, set up to provide more localised and specialised programming.


104.9 Imagine FM, History
Stoke-on-Trent based Signal Radio assumed control of the station, following difficulties in its latter incarnation, and KFM became memorable almost solely for its 7:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m. Night-time KFM output. This combined local and global new indie music with innovative DJing.


104.9 Imagine FM, History
Presenters on air at this time include Craig Cash, Caroline Aherne , Jon Ronson, Terry Christian  and Neil Cossar, all of which have gone on to forge successful careers in the media and performing arts.


104.9 Imagine FM, History
Imagine FM is now trading as an independent radio station since it was bought from UTV Radio in January 2009.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, Signal Cheshire
In 1990 a new service was launched, in Cheshire, on 96.4 FM called Echo 96. In 1991, this was renamed Signal Cheshire upon the acquisition of the KFM 104.9 transmitter. Based in Stockport, Signal Cheshire targeted the surrounding area of South Manchester and much of Cheshire, opting into networked programming from the Stoke-on-Trent site by night. There was a further change of identity in 1997 to Signal FM.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, Signal Cheshire
In 2000, Imagine FM became the new rebranded service on 104.9 and 96.4, and when the 104.9 frequency was readvertised, the then-owners of both stations, The Wireless Group, decided that the 96.4 transmitter should return to Signal One.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, Signal Cheshire
The station uses the tag line Cheshire's No.1 More Music Station and prides itself on updating the area on local news and information.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, 2009 sale
On Wednesday 21 May 2008, Ofcom rejected a request by UTV to co-locate the station to Warrington alongside three of its stations. As a result of Ofcom's decision, UTV placed Imagine FM up for sale in June 2008, stating that if a buyer cannot be found by 30 June 2008 then the stations licence would be handed back to Ofcom. The station was sold by former Imagine owners UTV Radio in January 2009 and now trades as Imagine FM Limited. After 20 years of the 104.9 wavelength being based at Regent House, Stockport, Imagine FM moved to Waterloo Place, Stockport in November 2010 and now broadcasts from the legendary Strawberry Studios.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, 2009 sale
The transmitter was also relocated from Romiley to Stockport centre at the same time.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, 2009 sale
Under the ownership of the Helius Media Group, Imagine came under common ownership, and began to share programming with, High Peak Radio in the Derbyshire dales.


104.9 Imagine FM, History, 2021 sale and relaunch
On 17 June 2021, it was announced that Bauer Radio would acquire the Imagine Radio services and add these to the Greatest Hits Radio network, further expanding GHR's coverage of both the Greater Manchester environs (following the earlier addition of Tower FM, Wish FM, Wire FM and most recently 96.2 The Revolution to the group) and Derbyshire (where GHR already occupies the former Peak FM).


1040
Year 1040 (MXL) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1040 (film)
1040 is a documentary film about Christianity in the "10/40 Window". Directed by Evan Jackson Leong, the film is narrated by musician Jaeson Ma, who travels to several countries including China, South Korea, and Singapore. Ma describes the growth of Christianity in Asia as one of the greatest Christian Revivals in history.


1040 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1040 kHz: 1040 AM is a United States clear-channel frequency. WHO Des Moines is the dominant station on 1040 AM.


1040 Fifth Avenue
1040 Fifth Avenue (informally known as the 10 40) is a luxury residential housing cooperative in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City.


1040 Fifth Avenue, Overview
1040 is one of the tallest of the limestone-clad apartment houses on Fifth Avenue. The prominent 18-story structure has one of the most distinctive rooflines along the avenue. The canopied entrance has very attractive cast-iron doors and extensive sidewalk landscaping.


1040 Fifth Avenue, Overview
The facade, which has had many repairs, is relatively plain except for several sculpted faces at the fifth story. The large building has only 27 apartments and has had many prominent residents including the late Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who purchased a penthouse apartment on the 15th floor in 1964 and lived there for thirty years until her death in 1994.


1040 Fifth Avenue, Overview
The building was erected in 1930 and was designed by Rosario Candela, one of the city's most prominent designers of luxury apartment buildings in the late 1920s and early 1930s.


1040 Fifth Avenue, Overview
The asymmetrical roof, which is setback and clad in a pale yellow brick, has several tall arches whose openings were filled nicely with huge windows in the late 1990s in a remodeling of the spectacular penthouse. The rooftop design is somewhat similar to the roof at Ten Gracie Square, which was erected in the same year and designed by Van Wart & Wein with Pennington & Lewis.


1040 Fifth Avenue, Residents
In addition to Jackie Kennedy, Generoso Pope lived in the apartment building. In 2000 actress Candice Bergen moved into her husband Marshall Rose’s apartment on the 16th floor.


1040 Fifth Avenue, Critical reception
Architecture critic Paul Goldberger describes 1040 Fifth Avenue as being one of "the great apartment houses of the 1920s."


1040 Klumpkea
1040 Klumpkea, provisional designation 1925 BD, is a Tirela asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 23 kilometers (14 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 20 January 1925, by Russian–French astronomer Benjamin Jekhowsky at the Algiers Observatory in North Africa. This highly elongated asteroid is the largest member of the stony Tirela family – also known as the Klumpkea family – and has a longer than average rotation period of 59.2 hours. It was named after American astronomer Dorothea Klumpke.


1040 Klumpkea, Orbit and classification
Klumpkea is the largest member of the Tirela family (612), a large asteroid family of more than a thousand members which has been further divided into 8 different subclusters. The family is named after 1400 Tirela. Alternatively it is also known as the Klumpkea family by Milani and Knežević.


1040 Klumpkea, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,006 days; semi-major axis of 3.11 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Algiers on its official discovery observation in January 1925.


1040 Klumpkea, Naming
This minor planet was named after American astronomer Dorothea Klumpke (1861–1943), spouse of Welsh astronomer Isaac Roberts (1829–1904). Dorothea Klumpke was the first woman to receive the degree of Doctor of Mathematical Sciences at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H99). The asteroid 339 Dorothea has also been named in her honor by its discoverer Max Wolf.


1040 Klumpkea, Physical characteristics
Klumpkea's spectral type is uncertain. Although the overall spectral type of the Tirela/Klumpkea family is that of a stony S-type, which agrees with observations by the WISE/Akari surveys, the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, based on the low albedo measured by SIMPS (see below).


1040 Klumpkea, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and pole
In February 2002, a rotational lightcurve of Klumpkea was obtained from seven consecutive nights of photometric observations by Robert Stephens at his Santana Observatory (646) in California. Lightcurve analysis was difficult and only gave a provisional rotation period of 59.2±0.1 hours with a high brightness amplitude of 0.77 magnitude (U=2), indicative of an elongated shape.


1040 Klumpkea, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and pole
In 2016, a modeled lightcurve gave a concurring sidereal period of 56.588±0.003 hours using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, the Palomar Transient Factory survey, and individual observers (such as above), as well as sparse-in-time photometry from the NOFS, the Catalina Sky Survey, and the La Palma surveys (950). The study also determined a spin axis for Klumpkea of (172.0°, 48.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1040 Klumpkea, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Klumpkea measures between 22.34 and 34.98 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.063 and 0.245. CALL assumes a carbonaceous standard albedo of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 44.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.


1040 Sunshine Project
1040 Sunshine Project (Chinese: 1040陽光工程) is an illegal pyramid scheme or multi-level marketing in China. It is a variation of Ponzi scheme. It originated in Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region since 1998.


1040 Sunshine Project, Details
It is a money-dividing scheme. The new member paid a net fee of 69,800 yuan, and then returned the new person 19,000 yuan, the remaining 50,800 yuan, will undergo layer-by-layer exploitation. The direct referee with a newcomer will be awarded 6612 yuan. On the upper line of the upper layer, as an indirect recommender, you can get 1520 yuan. Going up to the manager level, from the bottom up, the generation of managers got 6384 yuan. The second-generation manager was awarded 2,394 yuan, and the third-generation manager was awarded 1,596 yuan.


1040 Sunshine Project, Details
After the remaining money, allocated to the ranks of the old master, the generation of bosses of the second generation of the three generations of the bosses each received 10,500 yuan. At this point, the remaining 794 yuan will be intercepted as regional operating funds. From the direct recommender to the three generations of bosses, the income of all people must be deducted 10% of the management fee, and will be intercepted and used by the regional chief. It is claimed that the member can obtain a profit of 10.4 million yuan.


1040s
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Graham87 (talk | contribs) at 12:08, 11 January 2021 (1 revision imported: import old edit from nost:1040s). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1040s
The 1040s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1040, and ended on December 31, 1049.


1040s BC
The 1040s BC is a decade which lasted from 1049 BC to 1040 BC.


1040s in England, Incumbents
Monarch – Harold Harefoot (to 17 March 1040), Harthacanute (to 8 June 1042), Edward the Confessor


1040s in art
The decade of the 1040s in art involved some significant events.


1040s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1040s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted:


1040s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1041
Year 1041 (MXLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1041 Asta
1041 Asta, provisional designation 1925 FA, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 57 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 March 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was likely named after Danish actress Asta Nielsen.


1041 Asta, Orbit and classification
Asta is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,968 days; semi-major axis of 3.07 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as A906 VA at Heidelberg on November 1906, where the body's observation arc begins one month later in December 1906.


1041 Asta, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Asta is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid. Pan-STARRS photometric survey also characterizes the asteroid as a C-type.


1041 Asta, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Photometric observations of Asta collected at the Australian Oakley Southern Sky Observatory and the U.S. Oakley Observatory in October 2008 show a rotation period of 7.99 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 magnitude (U=2+). In February 2010, a refined lightcurve with a period of 7.554 hours and an amplitude of 0.14 magnitude was obtained by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini, who also mentioned the possibility of an alternative period solution (U=3-).


1041 Asta, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Asta measures between 43.46 and 61.852 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0421 and 0.08.


1041 Asta, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0493 and a diameter of 57.16 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.1.


1041 Asta, Naming
This minor planet was likely named after Danish actress Asta Nielsen (1881–1972), according to research by the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel (LDS). The naming was proposed by ARI-astronomer Gustav Stracke.


10415 Mali Lošinj
10415 Mali Lošinj, provisional designation 1998 UT15, is a dark background asteroid and very slow rotator from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Croatian astronomer Korado Korlević at Višnjan Observatory, Croatia, on 23 October 1998. The asteroid was named after the Croatian town of Mali Lošinj.


10415 Mali Lošinj, Orbit and classification
Mali Lošinj orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.1 AU once every 5 years and 2 months (1,887 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. The first used precovery was obtained at Goethe Link Observatory in 1962, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 36 years prior to its discovery. The first unused observations were made at Heidelberg Observatory in 1925.


10415 Mali Lošinj, Physical characteristics
The asteroid has also been characterized as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


10415 Mali Lošinj, Physical characteristics, Slow rotators
In September 2013, photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in California gave a rotational lightcurve that showed a period of 240.5115 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.48 in magnitude (U=2). Mali Lošinj is a slow rotator, as asteroids of this size usually rotate within hours once around its axis.


10415 Mali Lošinj, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Mali Lošinj measures between 13.5 and 16.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.13 and 0.15. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a somewhat larger diameter of 18.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.36.


10415 Mali Lošinj, Naming
This minor planet was named after the Croatian town of Mali Lošinj, located on the island of Lošinj, in the northern Adriatic Sea. The island and the town are well known for its nautical school and the Leo Brener Observatory. The minor planet 10645 Brač is also named after a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 December 2005 (M.P.C. 55720).


1042
Year 1042 (MXLII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1042 Amazone
1042 Amazone, provisional designation 1925 HA, is a dark asteroid and slow rotator in the outer asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 April 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. It is named after the Amazons from Greek mythology.


1042 Amazone, Orbit and classification
Amazone orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,131 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins three weeks after its official discovery observation.


1042 Amazone, Physical characteristics
The carbonaceous asteroid has been characterized as a dark and reddish P-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), and as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


1042 Amazone, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE space-telescope, Amazone measures between 63.9 and 73.6 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.039 to 0.054. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.036 and a diameter of 73.6 kilometers.


1042 Amazone, Physical characteristics, Slow rotator
In April 2005, astronomer Brian Warner obtained two divergent rotational lightcurves for Amazone. The longer solution gave a long rotation period of 540 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude (U=2) The astronomer assumes the full lightcurve to be bimodal, having two maximums and minimums per rotation.


1042 Amazone, Naming
Based on a proposal by Gustav Stracke, the asteroid was named after the Amazons, a race of woman warriors in Greek mythology. They had no men and joined with their neighbors, killed the sons and educated the daughters of whom the teats were burnt so that they could discharge the arrows more rapidly. The asteroids 271 Penthesilea and 10295 Hippolyta were named after queens of the Amazons, while 5143 Heracles was named after the hero who fought them.


1043
Year 1043 (MXLIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1043 Beate
1043 Beate, provisional designation 1925 HB, is a stony asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 22 April 1925. Any reference of its name to a person is unknown.


1043 Beate, Orbit and classification
Beate orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,990 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins at the discovering observatory in May 1925, 3 weeks after its official discovery observation.


1043 Beate, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Beate is a common S-type asteroid.


1043 Beate, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In April 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Beate was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado. It gave a longer-than average rotation period of 44.3±0.1 hours with a brightness variation of 0.47 magnitude (U=2+).


1043 Beate, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Beate measures between 31.6 and 41.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.128 and 0.241. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2517 and a diameter of 31.85 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.6.


1043 Beate, Naming
For this minor planet, any reference of its name to a person or occurrence is unknown.