10 euro note
It is the second-smallest note measuring 127x67 mm with a pink colour scheme. The ten euro banknotes depict bridges and arches/doorways in Romanesque architecture (between the 11th and 12th centuries). The ten euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks, invisible ink, holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity.


10 euro note, History
The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe. For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountancy. Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Italian lira and the German mark.


10 euro note, History
Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia joined on 1 January 2014. and Lithuania joined on 1 January 2015.


10 euro note, History, The changeover period
The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from ten years to forever.


10 euro note, History, Changes
Notes printed before November 2003 bear the signature of the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, who was replaced on 1 November 2003 by Jean-Claude Trichet, whose signature appears on issues from November 2003. Notes issued after March 2012 bear the signature of the third president of the European Central Bank, incumbent Mario Draghi.


10 euro note, History, Changes
A new series, similar to the current one, was released on 23 September 2014. The European Central Bank will, in due time, announce when banknotes from the first series lose legal tender status.


10 euro note, History, Changes
The first series issues do not reflect the expansion of the European Union: Cyprus is not depicted on those notes as the map does not extend far enough east; Malta is also missing as it does not meet the first series' minimum size for depiction.


10 euro note, History, Changes
Since the European Central Bank plans to redesign the notes every seven or eight years after each issue, a second series (Europa series) of banknotes was already in preparation in 2012. New production and anti-counterfeiting techniques are employed on the new notes, but the design is of the same theme and similar colours of the current series; bridges and arches. However, they are recognisable as a new series.


10 euro note, Design
The ten euro note is the second smallest at 127 millimetres (5.0 in) × 67 millimetres (2.6 in) with a red colour scheme. All bank notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in a different historical European style; the ten euro note shows the Romanesque era (between the 11th and 12th centuries). Although Robert Kalina's original designs were intended to show real monuments, for political reasons the bridge and art are merely hypothetical examples of the architectural era.


10 euro note, Design
Like all euro notes, it contains the denomination, the EU flag, the signature of the president of the ECB and the initials of said bank in different EU languages, a depiction of EU territories overseas, the stars from the EU flag and twelve security features as listed below.


10 euro note, Design, Security features (first series)
As a lower value note, the security features of the ten euro note are not as high as the other denominations, however, it is protected by:


10 euro note, Circulation
The European Central Bank is closely monitoring the circulation and stock of the euro coins and banknotes. It is a task of the Eurosystem to ensure an efficient and smooth supply of euro notes and to maintain their integrity throughout the euro area.


10 euro note, Circulation
In May 2021, there were 2,785,265,536 €10 banknotes in circulation around the Eurozone. for €27,852,655,360.


10 euro note, Circulation
This is a net number, i.e. the number of banknotes issued by the Eurosystem central banks, without further distinction as to who is holding the currency issued, thus also including the stocks held by credit institutions.


10 euro note, Circulation
Besides the date of the introduction of the first set to January 2002, the publication of figures is more significant through the maximum number of banknotes raised each year. The number is higher the end of the year, except for this note in 2002.


10 euro note, Circulation
The first series of notes were issued in conjunction with those for a few weeks in the series 'Europe' until existing stocks are exhausted, then gradually withdrawn from circulation. Both series thus run parallel but the proportion tends inevitably to a sharp decrease in the first series.


10 euro note, Circulation
The latest figures provided by the ECB are the following :


10 euro note, Legal information
Legally, both the European Central Bank and the central banks of the eurozone countries have the right to issue the 7 different euro banknotes. In practice, only the national central banks of the zone physically issue and withdraw euro banknotes. The European Central Bank does not have a cash office and is not involved in any cash operations.


10 euro note, Tracking
There are several communities of people at European level, most of which is EuroBillTracker, that, as a hobby, it keeps track of the euro banknotes that pass through their hands, to keep track and know where they travel or have travelled. The aim is to record as many notes as possible to know details about its spread, like from where and to where they travel in general, follow it up, like where a ticket has been seen in particular, and generate statistics and rankings, for example, in which countries there are more tickets. EuroBillTracker has registered over 155 million notes as of May 2016, worth more than €2.897 billion.


10 feet
10Feet is a Dutch fashion label, based in Amsterdam and is a subsidiary of Herb Industries. The label was founded in the late 1990s, and has since grown to the point where its clothes are now offered in over 250 retail outlets in the Netherlands.


10 feet
In June 2006, Henk Schiffmacher sued the company, alleging they had used his images upon their T-shirts without permission. The court ruled for Schiffmacher on all counts and ordered 10Feet to cease printing the T-shirts, fining the company 500 euro per summary infringement to a maximum of 25,000 euro.


10 from 5
10 from 5 is a compilation album by alternative rock group Dramarama, released in 1993.


10 from 6
10 from 6 (also known as 10/6) is a compilation album released by English supergroup Bad Company in December 1985 on Atlantic Records label. All the songs on the album were previously released on Swan Song Records, a record label begun by Led Zeppelin in 1974. The title refers to the album's 10 songs taken from the six albums Bad Company had recorded to that time, though no songs from Burnin' Sky appear in the album.


10 kilometres race walk
The 10 kilometres race walk, or 10-kilometer racewalk, is a racewalking event. The event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it. 10 kilometers is 6.21 miles.


10 kilometres race walk, History
It was introduced at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm for men, and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona for women. It is no longer an  Olympic event, having been changed to 20 km after 1952 for men and in 1999 for women, though it is still run in some international competitions.


10 kilometres race walk, World records
On May 28, 2000, Roman Rasskazov of Russia set a new 10-km race walk world record in Saransk in a time of 37:11. The all-time women's 10-km race-walk record is held by Yelena Nikolayeva of Russia, at 41:04.


10 kilometres race walk, All-time top 25, Men, Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 38:30:


10 kilometres race walk, All-time top 25, Women, Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 42:01:


10 krooni
The 10 krooni banknote (10 EEK) is a denomination of the Estonian kroon, the former currency of Estonia. Jakob Hurt (1839–1907), who was an Estonian folklorist, theologian, linguist and prominent social figure during the Estonian national awakening in the 19th–20th century, is featured with an engraved portrait on the obverse side of the banknote. The 10 krooni bill is sometimes called a "Hurt".


10 krooni
A view of the Tamme-Lauri oak tree at Urvaste is featured on the reverse.


10 krooni
The EEK has been withdrawn and replaced by the euro, but the 10 krooni can be exchanged indefinitely at the currency museum of Eesti Pank for €0.64.


10 let Kasakhstan
10 let Kasakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстанға 10 жыл Russian: 10 лет Казахстана) is a village located in the Koksu District of Almaty Region in southeastern Kazakhstan. Population: 263 (2009 Census results);.


10 litų
The ten litų (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ˈlɪtu]) note (LTL 10) was the lowest value of Lithuanian banknotes and has been used since 1922 when Lithuania became independent from German forces after World War I.


10 litų
The note measures 135x65mm, just like all banknotes in Lithuania. The ten litų banknotes show the flight of airplane Lituanica by Steponas Darius and Stasys Girėnas.


10 litų
Word litų is a genitive case of word litai, which is plural of litas. Plural genitive case is used with decimal numbers (10, 20, 50 and so on).


10 litų, History
The first litas was introduced on October 2, 1922, replacing the ostmark and ostruble, both of which had been issued by the occupying German forces during World War I. 1 US dollar valued 10 litų. In 1941, litas disappeared for the first time. The litas was replaced by the Soviet ruble in April 1941 after Lithuania was annexed by the Soviet Union. Litas was issued again in 1992.


10 litų, History
Banknote was released four times (in 1993 (twice), 1997, and 2001).


10 litų, History
Since 2007 the ten litų note became the lowest nomination note, when one, two and five litų notes were phased out.


10 litų, Design
The ten litų note is at 136 millimeters (5.4 in) × 65 millimeters (2.5 in) with a dark blue color scheme.


10 litų, Design
Like all Lithuanian banknotes, the ten litų note shows famous people on the obverse and famous places or buildings on the reverse. Front side of the note portrays two Lithuanian aviators Steponas Darius and Stasys Girėnas. They are famous for their Lituanica flight. In 1933 pilots flew from New York City over the Atlantic Ocean to Kaunas. After successfully flying 6,411 km, however, it crashed, due to undetermined circumstances, 650 km from its destination. Both of the aviators died. The reverse of the banknote shows Lituanica flying over the Atlantic Ocean.


10 litų, Design
Also obverse has big number 10, the year of issue 2007, the signature of the Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania and the inscription LIETUVOS BANKO VALDYBOS PIRMININKAS (CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF THE BANK OF LITHUANIA) on the left of the portraits. Obverse doesn't have the coat of arms, but the reverse has it on the right corner.


10 litų, Design, Security features
Note the new 10 litas banknotes of 2007 issue do not have a microperforated numeral 10.


10 manat
10 manat - (Azerbaijani: 10 Manat and Turkmen: 10 manat) is the one of banknotes in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.


10 meter running target
10 meter running target is one of the ISSF shooting events, shot with an airgun at a target that moves sideways. The target is pulled across a two meter wide aisle at the range of 10 meters from the firing point. The target is pulled at either of two speeds, slow or fast, where it is visible for 5 or 2.5 seconds, respectively.


10 meter running target
The course of fire is 30 slow runs followed by 30 fast runs for men, and 20 slow runs followed by 20 fast runs for women.


10 meter running target
The men's event replaced 50 meter running target on the Olympic program starting from 1992, but after the 2004 Summer Olympics it was again taken off the program, leaving the running target shooters with no Olympic events at all. This also meant that finals were no longer held, but it has been announced that a replacement will be held in the form of knockout semi-final and final stages. Also, a separate World Championship was held in 2008, filling the void left after the Olympics.


10 meter running target mixed
10 meter running target mixed is one of the ISSF shooting events, in which one shoots an airgun at a target that moves sideways. The target is pulled across a two-meter aisle at a range of 10 meters from the firing point. The target is pulled either slow or fast, and it is visible for 5 or 2.5 seconds, respectively. The difference from 10 meter running target is that the slow and the fast runs are fired in a randomized order that is not known beforehand to the shooter.


10 meter running target mixed
The course of fire is 40 shots, divided into two 20-shot stages, each consisting of exactly 10 slow and 10 fast runs.


10 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 10 millimetres (0.39 in) to 10.99 millimetres (0.433 in) caliber range.


10 nm process
In semiconductor fabrication, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) defines the 10 nm process as the MOSFET technology node following the 14 nm node. "10 nm class" denotes chips made using process technologies between 10 and 20 nm.


10 nm process
All production "10 nm" processes are based on FinFET (fin field-effect transistor) technology, a type of multi-gate MOSFET technology that is a non-planar evolution of planar silicon CMOS technology. Samsung first started their production of 10 nm-class chips in 2013 for their multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory chips, followed by their SoCs using their 10 nm process in 2016. TSMC began commercial production of 10 nm chips in 2016, and Intel later began production of 10 nm chips in 2018.


10 nm process
Since 2009, however, "node" has become a commercial name for marketing purposes that indicates new generations of process technologies, without any relation to gate length, metal pitch or gate pitch. For example, GlobalFoundries' 7 nm processes are similar to Intel's 10 nm process, thus the conventional notion of a process node has become blurred. TSMC and Samsung's 10 nm processes are somewhere between Intel's 14 nm and 10 nm processes in transistor density. The transistor density (number of transistors per square millimetre) is more important than transistor size, since smaller transistors no longer necessarily mean improved performance, or an increase in the number of transistors.


10 nm process, Background
Egyptian-American engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean-American engineer Dawon Kahng (the original inventors of the MOSFET in 1959) in 1962 demonstrated a device that has a metallic layer with nanometric thickness sandwiched between two semiconducting layers, with the metal forming the base and the semiconductors forming the emitter and collector. They deposited metal layers (the base) on top of single crystal semiconductor substrates (the collector), with the emitter being a crystalline semiconductor piece with a top or a blunt corner pressed against the metallic layer (the point contact).


10 nm process, Background
With the low resistance and short transit times in the thin metallic nanolayer base, the devices were capable of high operation frequency compared to bipolar transistors. The device demonstrated by Atalla and Kahng deposited gold (Au) thin films with a thickness of 10 nm on n-type germanium (n-Ge) and the point contact was n-type silicon (n-Si).


10 nm process, Background
In 1987, Iranian-American engineer Bijan Davari led an IBM research team that demonstrated the first MOSFET with a 10 nm gate oxide thickness, using tungsten-gate technology.


10 nm process, Background
In 2002, an international team of researchers at UC Berkeley, including Shibly Ahmed (Bangladeshi), Scott Bell, Cyrus Tabery (Iranian), Jeffrey Bokor, David Kyser, Chenming Hu (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company), and Tsu-Jae King Liu, demonstrated the first FinFET with 10 nm gate length.


10 nm process, Background
The ITRS's original naming of this technology node was "11 nm". According to the 2007 edition of the roadmap, by the year 2022, the half-pitch (i.e., half the distance between identical features in an array) for a DRAM should be 11 nm.


10 nm process, Background
In 2008, Pat Gelsinger, at the time serving as Intel's Chief Technology Officer, said that Intel saw a 'clear way' towards the 10 nm node.


10 nm process, Background
In 2011, Samsung announced plans to introduce the 10 nm process the following year. In 2012, Samsung announced eMMC flash memory chips that are produced using the 10 nm process.


10 nm process, Background
In actuality, "10 nm" as it is generally understood in 2018 is only in high-volume production at Samsung. GlobalFoundries has skipped 10 nm, Intel has not yet started high-volume 10 nm production, due to yield issues, and TSMC has considered 10 nm to be a short-lived node, mainly dedicated to processors for Apple during 2017–2018, moving on to 7 nm in 2018.


10 nm process, Background
There is also a distinction to be made between 10 nm as marketed by foundries and 10 nm as marketed by DRAM companies.


10 nm process, Technology production history
In April 2013, Samsung announced that it had begun mass production of multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory chips using a 10 nm-class process, which, according to Tom's Hardware, Samsung defined as "a process technology node somewhere between 10-nm and 20-nm". On 17 October 2016, Samsung Electronics announced mass production of SoC chips at 10 nm. The technology's main announced challenge has been triple patterning for its metal layer.


10 nm process, Technology production history
TSMC began commercial production of 10 nm chips in early 2016, before moving onto mass production in early 2017.


10 nm process, Technology production history
On 21 April 2017, Samsung started shipping their Galaxy S8 smartphone which uses the company's version of the 10 nm processor. On 12 June 2017, Apple delivered second-generation iPad Pro tablets powered with TSMC-produced Apple A10X chips using the 10 nm FinFET process.


10 nm process, Technology production history
On September 12, 2017, Apple announced the Apple A11, a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip, manufactured by TSMC using a 10 nm FinFET process and containing 4.3 billion transistors on a die of 87.66 mm2.


10 nm process, Technology production history
In April 2018, Intel announced a delay in volume production of 10 nm mainstream CPUs until sometime in 2019. In July the exact time was further pinned down to the holiday season. In the meantime, however, they did release a low-power 10 nm mobile chip, albeit exclusive to Chinese markets and with much of the chip disabled.


10 nm process, Technology production history
In June 2018 at VLSI 2018, Samsung announced their 11LPP and 8LPP processes. 11LPP is a hybrid based on Samsung 14 nm and 10 nm technology. 11LPP is based on their 10 nm BEOL, not their 20 nm BEOL like their 14LPP. 8LPP is based on their 10LPP process.


10 nm process, Technology production history
Nvidia released their GeForce 30 series GPUs in September 2020. They are made on a custom version of Samsung's 8 nm process, called Samsung 8N, with a transistor density of 44.56 million transistors per mm².


10 nm process, 10 nm process nodes, Foundry
Transistor gate pitch is also referred to as CPP (contacted poly pitch) and interconnect pitch is also referred to as MMP (minimum metal pitch). Samsung reported their 10 nm process as having a 64 nm transistor gate pitch and 48 nm interconnect pitch. TSMC reported their 10 nm process as having a 64 nm transistor gate pitch and 42 nm interconnect pitch. Further investigation by Tech Insights revealed these values to be false and they have been updated accordingly. In addition, the transistor fin height of Samsung's 10 nm process was updated by MSSCORPS CO at SEMICON Taiwan 2017. GlobalFoundries decided not to develop a 10 nm node, because it believed it would be short lived. Samsung's 8 nm process is the company's last to exclusively use DUV lithography.


10 nm process, DRAM "10 nm class"
For the DRAM industry, the term "10 nm-class" is often used and this dimension generally refers to the half-pitch of the active area. The "10 nm" foundry structures are generally much larger.


10 nm process, DRAM "10 nm class"
Generally 10 nm class refers to DRAM with a 10-19 nm feature size, and was first introduced c. 2016. As of 2020 there are three generations of 10 nm class DRAM : 1x nm (19-17 nm, Gen1); 1y nm (16-14 nm, Gen2); and 1z nm (13-11 nm, Gen3). 3rd Generation "1z" DRAM was first introduced c.2019 by Samsung, and was initially stated to be produced using ArF lithography without the use of EUV lithography; subsequent production did utilise EUV lithography.


10 nm process, DRAM "10 nm class"
Beyond 1z Samsung names its next node (fourth generation 10 nm class) DRAM : "D1a" (for 2021), and beyond that D1b (expected 2022); whilst Micron refers to succeeding "nodes" as "D1α" and "D1β". Micron announced volume shipment of 1α class DRAM in early 2021.


10 on Broadway
10 on Broadway is a studio album of Broadway standards from Dennis DeYoung. It was released in 1994 by Atlantic Records. The idea for the album came in connection with DeYoung's performance as Pontius Pilate in Jesus Christ Superstar as part of the 1992 national tour of the production.


10 on Ten
10 on Ten is a 2004 Iranian documentary film directed by Abbas Kiarostami. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival.


10 sen coin
The 10 sen coin (十銭硬貨) was a Japanese coin worth one tenth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. These coins were minted from the late 19th century up until the end of World War II.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
Ten sen coins were first struck towards the end of 1870 (year 3 of Meiji) from a newly established mint at Osaka. This was initially done by engineers from the United Kingdom, as Japan did not have the technology or raw materials to manufacture new coins. The coins made during this time were not officially released for circulation until the following year (1871) after a new currency act was promulgated. Ten sen coins along with twelve other denominations were adopted by the Meiji government in an act signed on June 27, 1871.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
This new coinage gave Japan a western style decimal system based on units of yen, which were broken down into subsidiary currency of sen, and rin. Ten sen coins dated 1870 (year 3) were initially authorized to be struck in .800 silver, weighs 38.6 grains (2.5g), and has a 18.28mm diameter (0.72 in). The obverse side of these coins (1st design) feature a dragon with an open mouth. On the reverse there is a paulownia decoration with a sunburst in the center, and the chrysanthemum seal up on top.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
This first design is nicknamed rising sun dragon (旭日竜, Asahi Ryu), which had its features engraved by a commission of Japanese artists. Ten sen coins were initially legal tender only up to the amount of 10 yen which was fixed by government regulations. The amount of silver in the coin soon became an issue as their weight per face value became lighter than the silver 1 yen coin. An amendment to the currency act (Daijo-kan Declaration No. 74) was adopted in March 1872 (year 5) which intended to increase the weight of the ten sen coin.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
This action was never carried out, and the currency act was amended again towards the end of the year. Changes to the design, weight, and features were implemented in 1873 (year 6). Ten sen coins kept their intended weight change to 41.6 grains (2.69 grams), while the diameter remained the same. The second design has a "western style" as the medallic orientation was flipped, and 10 SEN replaced the kanji below the dragon on the obverse side. The reverse side features leaves of paulownia and a chrysanthemum seal up on top with the value written in Kanji.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
The production of ten sen coins continued until at least June 30, 1879 with the latter two years dated "1877". Only proof strikes were made for coins dated 1880 (year 13) for exclusive use in presentation sets. Production eventually continued with ten sen coins dated 1885 (year 18), and continued through 1897 (year 30). During this year, Japan officially went onto the gold standard through the newly established coinage act of 1897 (Meiji 30 Law No. 16). The act had no effect on the ten sen coin which continued to be produced unchanged until 1906 (year 39).


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
An amendment to the 1897 coinage act was implemented this year which gave the ten,  twenty, and fifty sen coins new designs. Previously the second design had been in place for 33 years which is the longest lasting of all coins excluding the current postwar currency. The third design features a wreath on the obverse with the value written in kanji in the center, while on the obverse is a sunburst surrounded by flowers. Problems soon arose with the design transition when the market price of silver exceeded the face value of the ten sen coin.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
Coins dated 1906 (year 39) were originally made using two different designs. The second design was used for coins produced until March, while the third design was used for coins produced from June 1906 to January 1907. The latter of these coins had been distributed to the banks but not released yet when another amendment to the coinage act was made in March 1907. Ten sen coins by law had their silver content lowered from .800 to .720, and their weight from 2.7 to 2.3 grams.


10 sen coin, History, Meiji coinage (1870–1912)
All of the 1906 dated third design coins were melted except for one which is preserved at the Japan Mint. The third design was released for circulation when 1907 (year 40) dated coins were produced in August of that year. These were issued every year afterward until the death of Emperor Meiji in 1912 (year 45).


10 sen coin, History, Taishō coinage (1912–1926)
Production resumed under Emperor Taishō in 1912 and World War I broke out two years later. This event brought Japan a booming economy which required an increase of small denomination coins. The rising metal costs to produce the coins eventually became an issue again for ten sen coins. Ten sen coins were struck in silver until the end of 1917 (Taishō year 6), when an announcement was made to replace the coins with fractional bank notes. The coinage act of 1897 was amended again and went into effect on May 1, 1918 providing coinage as needed.


10 sen coin, History, Taishō coinage (1912–1926)
Ten sen coins dated 1918 and 1919 (year 7 and 8) were produced in silver under this amendment which were stored at the Bank of Japan to prepare exchanges for ten sen notes. Production continued for ten sen silver coins until they were discontinued sometime in 1922 (year 11). For reasons unknown these coins were never distributed and possible reasoning depends on the literature used. It remains debatable if these coins were ever meant for circulation versus use as trial or pattern strikes.


10 sen coin, History, Taishō coinage (1912–1926)
Most were eventually melted down at the mint into bullion and shipped overseas by 1923 (year 12) leaving ten pieces behind at the mint. Ten sen copper nickel coins were authorized by the Imperial ordinance of August 26, 1920. These coins weigh 57.86 grains (3.75g), have a 22.12 mm diameter, and a 4.55 mm central hole. The chosen design features a chrysanthemum seal, and a bouquet of paulownia flowers on the obverse, while the reverse side uses Qinghai waves. This same ordinance also reduced the size of the 5 sen coin to avoid confusion as they were too similar.


10 sen coin, History, Taishō coinage (1912–1926)
Ten sen copper nickel coins were later produced in large amounts which peaked in 1922 and 1923 (year 11 and 12). This was done to encourage the public to redeem old ten sen notes for coins, which lasted into the Shōwa era. No additional changes to coinage were made during the remainder of Emperor Taishō's reign, he eventually died in 1926 (year 15).


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Ten sen coins were produced again in 1927 (year 2 of Shōwa) following the death of Taishō in the previous year. Copper nickel coins continued to be produced until 1932 (year 7) as the 1897 coinage act was amended for a final time in the following year. The width of the coin dropped slightly by 0.1mm to 22mm, and the weight was increased from 3.8 to 4 grams. Pure nickel was chosen as an alloy as an anti-counterfeiting measure because it was difficult to process with the technology of the time.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Another reason has to do with the Mukden Incident in 1931 (year 6), and subsequent Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Nickel was being stockpiled as the metal was not produced in Japan, and could be used in the event of a larger conflict. The design of the nickel coins was chosen based on ideas solicited from the general public, and pattern coins were made. This design features the chrysanthemum seal and paulownia surrounded by arabesque on the obverse, while the reverse features a Qinghai wave design.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
These pure nickel coins substituted the old copper-nickel coins starting on April 1, 1933 (year 8). Production continued for another four years before the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in July 1937 (year 12). Ten sen coins were changed during this time as nickel was needed for warfare.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
The National Mobilization Law was legislated in the Diet of Japan by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe on March 24, 1938 to prepare the country for war. This action led to the promulgation of the "Temporary Currency Law" which came into effect on June 1, 1938. It now became possible to change the material and purity of money without a resolution from the Imperial Diet. An aluminium bronze alloy consisting of 95% copper and 5% aluminium replaced the nickel coins as the latter was needed for munitions.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Pattern coins dated 1937 and 1938 (year 12 and 13) were made, but little is now known about them. The only changes made to the coin other than the alloy was a new design and a smaller central hole. On the obverse side, waves are featured along with a sunburst and chrysanthemum seal, while the reverse features a grooved cherry blossom design with paulownia. These coins were only produced for two years before an increased wartime demand for copper caused another alloy change.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Ten sen coins were switched to a pure aluminum alloy on March 28, 1940 (year 15) by Royal Decree No. 113. The size of the coins remained the same, while the light aluminum alloy cut the weight of the coins by more than half from 4 to 1.5 grams. These coins feature a chrysanthemum seal with leaves on the obverse, and a cherry blossom design on the reverse. The war situation eventually grew worse for Japan which meant more aluminum was needed for aircraft.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Ten sen coins had their weight lowered from 1.5 to 1.2 grams on August 27, 1941 by Royal Decree No. 826 to meet this demand. Things deteriorated further when the Second Sino-Japanese War merged three months later to become the broader Pacific War. Japan did not produce certain metals, which meant that additional supplies would now have to come from long distances.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Coins made from nickel and copper began to be withdrawn by the Japanese government in December 1942, replacing them for aluminum coinage. More aluminum was taken out of ten sen coins on February 5, 1943 by Royal Decree No. 60. This action lowered the weight of the coin further from 1.2 to 1 gram as the metal became difficult to obtain. An announcement by the Japanese government was eventually made in April 1943 regarding plans to replace aluminum coinage with tin. Aluminum was officially abolished for coinage by the end of the year in favor of the new alternate alloy.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
One of the main reasons for using tin centered around it being relatively easy to obtain from occupied territories in Southeast Asia. The decision was not made lightly, as tin was a strategic material which is unsuitable for monetary purposes as the metal is soft. Ten sen coins using this alloy were enacted on March 8, 1944 by Royal Decree No. 388. These coins are reduced in size from 22 to 19mm, the weight was increased from 1 to 2.4 grams, and a central 5mm hole was added.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
The design for these coins simply feature a chrysanthemum seal and paulownia on the obverse, and inscriptions on the back. Production only occurred for a few months before being discontinued due to allied air superiority and control over the seas. Ten sen notes were ultimately issued when materials could no longer be secured for coins. Unissued porcelain ten sen pieces were also made, but were mostly destroyed when World War II ended.


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Ten sen coins were brought back into production in December 1945 and were officially enacted on January 26, 1946 (Showa 21) with an aluminum alloy. These hole-less coins are the same weight and size as the previously made final 1943 issue. The final design employs symbols of Japan with rice ears and the chrysanthemum seal on the obverse, and cherry blossoms on the reverse. It was mandated at the time by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers that coins read "日本政府" (Nippon-koku, Government of Japan) rather than "大日本" (Dai Nippon, Japanese Empire).


10 sen coin, History, Shōwa coinage (1927–1946)
Their production lasted only two years before being discontinued due to a lack of remaining wartime supplies. Ten sen coins were eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen. Currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time due to excessive post-war inflation.


10 sen coin, Circulation figures, Meiji
The following are circulation figures for ten sen coins that were minted between the 3rd, and the 45th year of Meiji's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "二十三" would read as "year 32" or 1899. Some of the mintages included cover more than one variety of a given coin.


10 sen coin, Circulation figures, Taishō
The following are circulation figures for ten sen coins that were minted between the 1st and the 15th (last) year of Taishō's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 大正 (Taishō), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "四" would read as "year 4" or 1915.


10 sen coin, Circulation figures, Shōwa
The following are circulation figures for ten sen coins that were minted between the 2nd, and the 21st year of Emperor Shōwa's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Shōwa), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "二十"  would read as "year 12" or 1937. Coin patterns that include examples struck on porcelain are not included here as they were never issued for circulation.


10 sen coin, Shōwa era designs
Six different designs were used during the Shōwa era for the 10 sen coin, not including pattern coins which were never intended for circulation. As the weight and sizes were changed frequently after 1940, these designs have been listed separate with their respective information.


10 sen coin, Collecting
The value of any given coin is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general prefer uncleaned appealing coins. For this denomination, there are a few major varieties and multiple design changes which occurred during three different imperial eras. The first coins minted are Asahi Ryu or rising sun dragon coinage which only has one year (Meiji 3), but consists of two different varieties regarding scales on the dragons design. As with the other denominations, those with clear (deep) scales are worth more than obscure (shallow) ones.


10 sen coin, Collecting
Overall these first year of issuance coins are "reasonably priced" with average value in the several thousands of yen (several $10s USD). The second design was much longer lasting in comparison as it was featured on coins from 1873 to 1906 (year 6 to 39). Another similarity with other denominations occurs here with the character "明" in Meiji's name on the obverse. Coins dated 1873 and 1875 (year 6 and 8) either have both features separated as the first variety, or have a line connecting both the left and right features as the second variety.


10 sen coin, Collecting
Those with the second "connected" variety are worth more than their counterparts. With a mintage of just 77 coins, ten sen coins dated 1880 (year 13) are not even listed by some Japanese price guides. They are estimated to be worth in the low millions of yen ($10,000+ USD). An overall assessment on coins made from 1873 to 1906 has common dates valued at ~$10+ (USD) in average condition. Rare dates include; 1874, 1901, and 1902 (Meiji 7, 34 and 35) and are potentially worth more than 10,000 yen ($100+ USD) in average condition. The third design is used on the last of the ten sen silver coins dated from 1907 to 1917. As there are a lot of surviving coins for these dates, they are generally priced lower except for those in high grades.


10 sen coin, Collecting
Copper-nickel coins debuted under Emperor Taishō in 1920 (year 9 of Taishō) as the price of silver bullion had risen too high. The most valuable of these coins under Taishō were made during this first year. Production amounts increased afterwards for the remainder of Taishō's reign to redeem 10 sen notes, which left plenty of surviving coins for collectors to obtain. These amounts in general drop with coins produced from 1927 to 1932 (year 2-7) of the Shōwa era. When ten sen coins were switched to nickel, a lot of these may have been redeemed at the bank.


10 sen coin, Collecting
Coins of this period can still be collected "relatively easily" as enough surviving coins remain. An anomaly occurs with coins dated 1929 (year 4) and 1931 (year 6) in terms of value. As the number of existing coins in good condition for 1931 outnumbers those from 1929 (year 4), the latter higher mintage date is more valuable. As a caveat, there were a "considerable" amount of contemporary counterfeit coins sold at the time as the value of the metal was low relative to the coin's face value.


10 sen coin, Collecting
There is nothing "particularly rare" about the nickel series issued from 1933 to 1937 (year 8 to 12) other than proof strikes which are valued in the hundreds of thousands of yen ($1,000+ USD). Nickel ten sen coins are usually found in better conditions as the alloy is a stable resistant metal. Aluminum bronze coins made from 1938 to 1940 (Year 13 to 15) were released for such a short time that many of them were held on to. The aluminum coins that replaced these were produced in even larger amounts in three different varieties.


10 sen coin, Collecting
Scarce 1943 (year 18) dated coins weighing 1.2 grams are the most valuable among these and carry a premium. Post-war inflation made coins produced from 1944 to 1946 (year 19 to 21) essentially worthless which gave the public no incentive to cash them in. These coins have low value as an abundance of survivors in all conditions can easily be obtained by collectors.


10 sen note
The 10 sen note (十銭紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen issued in four different series from 1872 to 1947 for use in commerce. Meiji Tsūhō notes are the first modern banknotes issued after Japanese officials studied western culture. There circulated alongside ten sen coins until their withdrawal in 1887. The other three series of ten sen notes issued are in some way tied to the impacts of World War I and World War II. Taishō fractional ten sen notes were issued as a response to a coin shortage that was caused by the first of these wars.


10 sen note
They were eventually suspended in the early 1920s when things had settled down, and were later demonetized in 1948. The last two series of ten sen notes were issued by the Bank of Japan rather than the treasury. First series notes were issued as ten sen coins could no longer be produced, while the A series was released after the war in a futile attempt to curb inflation. These last two issues were demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary notes in favor of the yen. Ten sen notes are now bought and sold as collectors items depending on condition.


10 sen note, Government currency, Meiji Tsūhō (1872)
The first ten sen notes adopted and released by the Japanese government are part of a series known as Meiji Tsūhō (明治通宝). These notes were the first Japanese currency ever to be printed using western printing at "Dondorf and Naumann", which was located in Frankfurt. Meiji Tsuho notes were designed by Edoardo Chiossone sometime in 1870 while he was working for Dondorf Naumann on behalf of The National Bank in the Kingdom of Italy. The process of making Chiossone's proposed design a reality started with the establishment of the "Imperial Printing Bureau of Japan" in 1871 (4th year of Meiji).


10 sen note, Government currency, Meiji Tsūhō (1872)
In order to produce the currency the Japanese government reached out to Dondorf and Naumann to gain access to Western technology. Chiossone had a falling out with Italian Bank as his relationship with them had hit a breaking point. When the company suggested Chiossone for the role as engraver, he quickly accepted the offer. The production of money was handed over to the Imperial Printing Bureau in January 1872 when banknotes began to arrive from Germany.


10 sen note, Government currency, Meiji Tsūhō (1872)
All of these arrivals were purposely left incomplete due to security reasons, as the words "Meiji Tsuho" and the mark of the Minister of Finance were added by the Imperial Printing Bureau. Woodblock printing was eventually employed to save hundreds of people the work of handwriting the characters "Meiji Tsuho" on each individual note. Ten sen notes in particular were released in April 1872 (year 5), along with 20 sen, 50 sen, and 1 yen notes.


10 sen note, Government currency, Meiji Tsūhō (1872)
These notes measure 87 mm x 53 mm in size, and feature an elaborate design that was difficult to forge at the time as counterfeiting was previously rampant with clan notes. Eventually enough Western technology was brought over to Japan as the Japanese government produced some one yen Meiji Tsūhō notes domestically. The elaborate design worked against counterfeiters for an unknown period of time before they found a way around it. Unstamped notes sent to Japan from Germany were legally obtained by these thieves.


10 sen note, Government currency, Meiji Tsūhō (1872)
Normally Japanese officials would add stamps to the notes finalizing the process, where in this case the counterfeiters added their own stamps. The Japanese government responded by re-issuing subsidiary currency through a new series in 1882. This new currency only included twenty and fifty sen notes which were hurried through the process. Meiji Tsūhō ten sen notes were eventually suspended from circulation either in March or June 1887 (year 20) leaving no medium of exchange. It wasn't until February 28, 1890 that a law was passed to allow the exchange and withdrawal of the notes. This was fixed at a 3 year period that lapsed on February 27, 1893.


10 sen note, Government currency, Taishō fractional notes (1917–1921)
During the reign of Emperor Taishō, the Japanese government initially issued silver coinage as had been done previously under Meiji. World War I started on July 28, 1914 eventually bringing Japan a booming economy due to a large trade surplus. The negative effects from this event included an increased demand for subsidiary coins which led to a coin shortage. To remedy the situation an imperial ordinance was promulgated on October 29, 1917 issuing fractional currency in the amount of thirty million yen. Actual issuance occurred in the following month with the notes being legal tender up to ten yen.


10 sen note, Government currency, Taishō fractional notes (1917–1921)
The series as a whole is known as Taishō fractional notes (大正小額政府紙幣), which were issued at the time by the treasury rather than the Bank of Japan as the series was considered an emergency issue. Taishō era notes measure 86 mm x 54 mm in size and have a black and orange hue. The obverse side of the notes feature the Finance Minister's seal and chrysanthemum flower emblem, while on the reverse is decorated in a colored pattern. There is a central feature on the reverse side which mentions counterfeit penalties (1 year imprisonment or 200,000 yen fine) enforced by law.


10 sen note, Government currency, Taishō fractional notes (1917–1921)
It was initially agreed that the notes would be bound by a restriction stating that they could only be issued until one year after the end of the war. This date came and went as World War I ended in November 1918 (year 7) and the new year began. It was ultimately decided to allow the issuance  to continue for a while longer as there was still a shortage in coinage. Ten sen coins were produced in copper-nickel for the first time in 1920 replacing silver as an alloy.


10 sen note, Government currency, Taishō fractional notes (1917–1921)
Issuance of Taishō ten sen notes continued until their suspension on April 1, 1921 with exceptions  made for people who wanted to exchange "soiled or damaged" notes. Production increased for ten sen coins which peaked in 1922 and 1923 (year 11 and 12) to encourage the public to redeem the old ten sen notes. This practice lasted into the Shōwa era until at least 1932 (Shōwa year 7) in exchange for new coins. Rapid inflation caused by World War II eventually rendered Taishō ten sen notes worthless and obsolete.


10 sen note, Government currency, Taishō fractional notes (1917–1921)
The notes held on to their legal tender status until August 31, 1948 when they were abolished. Their coinage counterparts were eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen. Currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time anyway due to excessive post-war inflation.


10 sen note, Bank of Japan currency, First issue series (1944)
First issue ten sen notes (い10銭券) were printed as a direct result of World War II. Previously currency consisted of ten sen coins which were minted in tin provided from Japanese occupied Southeast Asia. These coins were discontinued towards the end of 1944 due to allied air superiority and control over the seas, making further tin procurement nearly impossible. Ten sen first series notes were released shortly afterwards starting on November 1, 1944 (Shōwa year 19). The Bank of Japan was responsible for issuing the notes having been reorganized two years earlier.


10 sen note, Bank of Japan currency, First issue series (1944)
Ten sen first issue notes feature the "Peace Tower" in Heiwadai Park on the obverse, while the reverse is decorated in a color crest. The notes measure 51mm x 106mm in size and have a black on purple underprint hue. Ten sen first issue notes were eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing this series of subsidiary currency in favor of the yen. Like their other counterparts, currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time due to excessive post-war inflation.


10 sen note, Bank of Japan currency, A series (1947)
The last "10 sen" notes were issued on September 5, 1947 as part of the A series (A10銭券). These notes feature doves on the obverse, while the reverse shows the National Diet Building. The notes measure 100mm x 52mm in size and have a Black on blue underprint/light red-brown hue. In order to curb post-war inflation, the Bank of Japan invalidated all banknotes worth over a yen and issued new notes. Those in the "A series" with the exception of the 100 yen note were all poorly made due to post-war turmoil.


10 sen note, Bank of Japan currency, A series (1947)
Ten sen notes of the "A series" were printed by two different private sector companies which led to "big differences" and counterfeiting. This final series was eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary notes in favor of the yen. As with others listed here, currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time due to excessive post-war inflation.


10 sen note, Collecting
The value of any given banknote is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general prefer original notes with bright rich coloring. In contrast to this are notes with ink stains, missing pieces, and evidence of repairs which can all impact the value of any given note. Ten sen notes issued for commerce in this case are more valuable by age. The oldest notes include the Meiji Tsūhō series issued from 1872 to 1887. Over one-hundred million of these ten sen notes were produced during their fifteen year use in commerce.


10 sen note, Collecting
The abundance of notes issued has made collecting ten sen Meiji Tsūhō the easiest when compared to other denominations. "Expensive" purchases can be expected for quality as the amount of surviving banknotes remain in mostly worn grades. These notes can be obtained in average condition for 2500+ yen (~$25+ USD) with prices ranging in the 10,000s of yen ($100+ USD) for examples in high grades. "Many" contemporary counterfeit notes exist on the market which feature replicated stamps so professional grading is recommended. The last series issued for commerce by the Japanese treasury were Taishō fractional notes.


10 sen note, Collecting
Those in the ten sen denomination were issued from 1917 (Taishō year 6) to 1921 (Taishō year 10) and are valued highest with the oldest issue. As with the previous series these were issued in large amounts making those in higher grades more valuable. Average condition notes can be collected for less than 1,000 yen (<$10 USD), but prices soar with pristine 1917 (year 6) examples. The final two series issued by the Bank of Japan are now easy and inexpensive to collect as they were issued in large amounts. Exceptions exist for "specimen" notes and those with errors which are highly valued.


10 to 11
10 to 11 (Turkish: 11'e 10 kala) is a 2009 Turkish drama film directed by Pelin Esmer.


10 to 11
The film, loosely based on the story of Esmer’s uncle, Mithat Esmer, who also plays the leading role, follows an elderly collector in İstanbul who lives in a rundown apartment building that is under threat of demolition.


10 to 11, Release, General release
The film opened in 30 screens across Turkey on September 25, 2009 (2009-09-25) at number eleven in the Turkish box office chart with an opening weekend gross of $21,895.


10 to 11, Reception, Box office
The film debuted number eleven in the Turkish box office chart and has made a total gross of $69,913.


10 to 4 at the 5 Spot
10 to 4 at the 5 Spot is a live album by saxophonist Pepper Adams' Quintet which was recorded at the Five Spot Café in 1958 for the Riverside label.


10 to 4 at the 5 Spot, Reception
Allmusic awarded the album 4½ stars. In his review, Michael G. Nastos states, "This album, one of the first club dates recorded for the Riverside label, may have presented logistic problems with the acoustics, mic placements, and reel to reel tape technology, but there were no such issues with the extraordinary music contained on this effort... There's a palpable sense of democracy, shared values, and above all, balance in this band of expert modern jazz pioneers. It's a keeper, and one of the best recordings of any band in this era".


10 to 4 at the 5 Spot, Reception
The Penguin Guide to Jazz awarded the album 3 stars (out of 4) stating "The live session, made with a frequent partner at the time, Donald Byrd, is typical of Adams's kind of date, with muscular blow-outs of the order of 'Hastings Street Bounce' sitting next to a clear-headed ballad reading of 'You're My Thrill'; That said it's sometimes only the novelty of hearing a baritone in the ensembles that lifts the music out of a professional hard-bop routine".


10 to Midnight
10 to Midnight is a 1983 American crime-horror-thriller film directed by J. Lee Thompson from a screenplay originally written by William Roberts. The film stars Charles Bronson in the lead role with a supporting cast that includes Lisa Eilbacher, Andrew Stevens, Gene Davis, Geoffrey Lewis, and Wilford Brimley. 10 to Midnight was released by City Films, a subsidiary of Cannon Films, to American cinemas on March 11, 1983.


10 to Midnight, Plot
Warren Stacey (Gene Davis) is a young office equipment repairman who kills women after they reject his sexual advances. His attempts at flirting are always seen as "creepy" by women, resulting in frequent rejections. His first victim is Betty (June Gilbert), an office worker of his acquaintance. He tracks her down to a wooded area, and observes her having sex with her boyfriend. He ambushes the couple, kills the boyfriend and then gives chase to the naked woman. He catches her and stabs her to death.


10 to Midnight, Plot
Two Los Angeles police detectives, Leo Kessler (Charles Bronson) and Paul McAnn (Andrew Stevens), investigate his murders. Kessler is a seasoned veteran of the force, while McAnn is considerably younger. Stacey avoids prosecution by constructing sound alibis and assaulting his victims while naked except for a pair of latex gloves to hide fingerprints, thus minimizing evidence.


10 to Midnight, Plot
Laurie Kessler (Lisa Eilbacher) is the only daughter of Leo and an acquaintance to some of the victims. A student nurse herself, she becomes a target for the killer. McAnn refuses to go along when Kessler plants evidence in order to frame the suspect. Stacey goes on another rampage, killing three nursing students who are friends with Kessler's daughter.


10 to Midnight, Plot
He is eventually caught, stark naked in the street. Stacey boasts how he will say all the things that will "prove" that he is crazy: he hears voices ordering him to do things, etc., so that one day, he will be back on the street and Kessler, as well as the "whole fucking world," will hear from him again. Kessler replies, "No, we won't." He then shoots Stacey once in the forehead, executing him and leaving all other considerations aside. Kessler stands over the body, surrounded by police.


10 to Midnight, Production
Producer Pancho Kohner had made a number of films with Charles Bronson and J. Lee Thompson. They purchased the film rights to the novel The Evil That Men Do (1978) by R. Lance Hill. Cannon Films chairman Menahem Golan wanted to market Bronson's next film project and the adaptation of the novel was going to be that project. But Kohner estimated the rights to the novel and the cost of the screenplay to be worth $200,000 dollars. Menahem refused to pay and the deal fell through.


10 to Midnight, Production
However, Menahem still offered to market Bronson's next film project, just not based on that novel. He and Kohner had already arranged a visit to the Cannes Film Festival to promote The Evil That Men Do. He asked Kohner to come up with a new project and fresh title, and 10 to Midnight was the result of his brainstorm. At the Festival they promoted the project to potential buyers, as a film featuring action, danger, and revenge. But at this point, they really had no script for the suggested film.


10 to Midnight, Production
Back in Los Angeles, they went in search of a story of the film. A colleague of Kohner's, Lance Hool, suggested using the screenplay Bloody Sunday by William Roberts. They simply attached the already chosen title to that screenplay. (The Evil That Men Do later ended up being financed by ITC Entertainment.)


10 to Midnight, Production
The name of killer Warren for Warren Stacy was based on Hollywood star Warren Beatty.


10 to Midnight, Production
Actor Gene Davis, who played Warren, said that director J. Lee Thompson pretty much left him alone to form his character, but told him "We don't want the role to be sympathetic..." presumably so as to make the ending have more impact.


10 to Midnight, Production
The music for 10 to Midnight was composed by Cannon Films mainstay Robert O. Ragland and the film was recorded by cinematographer Adam Greenberg. The film also features actor Robert F. Lyons and actress Kelly Preston (listed as Kelly Palzis) in smaller roles.


10 to Midnight, Reception, Critical response
Heavy on violence, nudity, vulgar language and sexual situations, 10 to Midnight drew scathing reviews from film critics, including a "zero stars" rating from Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times who wrote, "I admired [Bronson's] strong, simple talent once. What is he doing in a garbage disposal like this?"


10 to Midnight, Reception, Critical response
The film did receive positive feedback from others, such as Ebert's colleague Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune, and was a moderate financial success.


10 to Midnight, Reception, Critical response
The film has maintained a sizeable cult following through home video releases and cable TV showings. The film was often heavily edited for television broadcasts which displayed alternate scenes of Stacy and his victims in their underwear instead of being totally naked.


10 to Midnight, Reception, Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 5.33/10. On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 12 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "Overwhelming Dislike".


10 x My Age
10 x My Age is a 1993 EP by Trumans Water, released by Elemental Records. It was released as a CD and as a 10" record pressed on white vinyl.


10 x My Age, Track listing
Track listing notes:  "Action Sound Deadman" ends at 3:14 and, after about four seconds of silence, is followed by an unlisted, 44-second excerpt of a Glen Galloway/Soul-Junk demo. Bandmembers at the time of the release of 10 x My Age stated in interviews that this was a mastering mistake and not a "bonus track".


10 x My Age, Track listing
The versions of "Empty Queen II" and "Enflamed (sic)" on this release are the same as those included on "Hey Fish" and "Godspeed the Punchline", respectively.


10 yen coin
The 10 yen coin (十円硬貨, Jū-en kōka) is one denomination of the Japanese yen.


10 yen coin
The obverse of the coin depicts the Phoenix Hall of Byōdō-in, a Buddhist temple in Uji, Kyoto prefecture, with the kanji for "Japan" and "Ten Yen". The reverse shows the numerals "10" and the date of issue in kanji surrounded by bay laurel leaves.


10 yen coin, History, Gold ten yen (1871-1910)
Ten yen coins were first issued in 1871 from a newly established mint at Osaka. The origin of mintage is not clear as there are conflicting reports stating that ten yen coins were either minted in San Francisco, or in Japan the prior year. In either case the unit of yen was officially adopted by the Meiji government in an act signed on June 27, 1871. Under the new law each ten yen coin was to weigh 257.2 grains, and contain 90% gold with a foreign exchange rate close to a United States Eagle ($10 USD coin).


10 yen coin, History, Gold ten yen (1871-1910)
Gold bullion for coinage was delivered from private Japanese citizens, foreigners, and the Japanese government. No ten yen coins were minted between 1871 and 1876, during this time the Japanese government tried unsuccessfully to implement a gold standard with the amount of gold in circulation described as "very trifling". Gold bullion rose to a slight premium in 1874 which caused gold coin production as a whole to rapidly fall off. It was reported in the Quarterly Journal of Economics that by 1876 more gold coins were exported to foreign countries than for use domestically.


10 yen coin, History, Gold ten yen (1871-1910)
Japan was later forced off of the gold standard in 1877 due to the cost of the Satsuma Rebellion. Twenty years would pass before the Japanese government went back on the gold standard. During this lapse non circulating ten yen gold coins were made in two non-consecutive years for two different reasons. The first occasion occurred in 1880 when ten yen gold proof coins were struck for exclusive use in presentation sets that were given away as gifts to foreign diplomats. The second and final instance involved the World's Columbian Exposition in 1892 where several newly minted coins were put on display.


10 yen coin, History, Gold ten yen (1871-1910)
When Japan went back on the gold standard in 1897, new ten yen coins were set by law to weigh 8.3g and have a diameter of 21.2mm. These new lighter and smaller coins were given a new design which features a sunburst superimposed on the sacred mirror on the obverse, and the value within a wreath on the reverse. The adoption of the gold standard allowed Japanese ten yen gold certificates to be redeemed for gold. This convertible paper currency was used in immense numbers while coined yen was seldom used or seen.


10 yen coin, History, Gold ten yen (1871-1910)
Gold ten yen coins of the second design (1897 to 1910) mostly remained in government vaults by the time mintage ceased for good in 1910. The coins that had been minted during those thirteen years continued to back up gold certificates until World War I due to inflation. The remaining gold coins in circulation were eventually withdrawn due to wartime conditions in the late 1930s. By this time gold coins of all yen denominations were hoarded and melted down by the public.


10 yen coin, History, Modern ten yen (1950-)
The first ten yen coins made after World War II were authorized by law on March 2, 1950 by prime minister Shigeru Yoshida. These coins were to be made of German Silver, and act as "temporary subsidiary coins". A total of 432,970,000 ten yen coins minted in this new alloy were recorded as struck by the end of that year. By the end of 1951 almost 800 million of these coins had been minted and were waiting to be distributed. None of the German silver coins minted between 1950 and 1951 ever circulated as the coins were eventually melted.


10 yen coin, History, Modern ten yen (1950-)
The decision to melt the coins came as the Korean War had driven nickel prices to about 4.1 million yen per ton. Those that escaped being melted and are now considered by collectors to be "scarce" Japanese pattern coins. Bronze ten yen coins were first minted in 1951, but were not released for general circulation until January 4 , 1953. Ten yen coins minted between 1950 and 1958 have reeded edges and are nicknamed Giza 10 (Giza Ju, ギザ10), meaning “jagged 10 yen coin” in Japanese.


10 yen coin, History, Modern ten yen (1950-)
The design which is used today features Phoenix Hall of Byōdō-in on the obverse, and Bay laurel leaves on the reverse. The design remains essentially the same other than the reeds being dropped in 1959 which gave the coins a smooth edge. Slight modifications were also made in the latter half of 1986 regarding the design of Byōdō-in. These coins are not culturally  recommended as shrine offerings as another word for "10" is "toh" (十), and another word for "yen" is "en" (円). Combining these characters into "toh-en" can also read as "far destiny" (遠縁). Ten yen coins continue to be produced up to the present under the Reiwa era.


10 yen coin, Circulation figures, Meiji
The following are circulation figures for the coins that were minted between the 4th, and the 43rd year of Meiji's reign. Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji).


10 yen coin, Circulation figures, Meiji
"Year" ← "Number representing year of reign" ← "Emperor's name" (Ex: 年 ← 五十三 ← 治明)


10 yen coin, Circulation figures, Shōwa
The following are circulation dates which cover Emperor Hirohito's reign. The dates below correspond with the 26th to the 64th year (last) of his reign. All ten yen coins that were made before 1959 have reeded edges, this has since changed to the present day smooth edge. Coins for this period will all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Shōwa).


10 yen coin, Circulation figures, Heisei
The following are circulation dates during the reign of Emperor Akihito. who was crowned in 1989. The dates below correspond with the 1st to the 31st year (last) of his reign. First year of reign coins are marked with a 元 symbol (first) as a one year type. Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 平成 (Heisei).


10 yen coin, Circulation figures, Reiwa
The following are circulation dates in the reign of the current Emperor. Naruhito's accession to the Crysanthemum Throne took place on May 1, 2019 and he was formally enthroned on October 22, 2019. Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 令和 (Reiwa). The inaugural year coin (2019) was marked 元 (first) and debuted during the summer of that year.


10 yen coin, Collecting
The value of any given coin is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general prefer uncleaned appealing coins. The first ten yen coins were made from 1871 to 1892 with coins dated 1871, 1876, 1877, 1880, and 1892 using a dragon design. All of these dates outside of those from 1871 (year 4) are now rarely found for sale as they are highly valued. The more common of these are coins are those dated 1876 (year 9) and 1877 (year 10) with prices that average in the multiple tens of thousands of dollars (USD).


10 yen coin, Collecting
Ten yen coins from 1880 (year 13) were never struck for circulation and were part of presentation sets. An example of four to five known coins to have survived was sold at auction for $276,000 (USD) in 2011. Ten yen coins dated 1892 (year 25) are now confined to researchers as no surviving examples are known to exist. The second smaller design used for this denomination was minted from 1897 to 1910 after Japan officially adopted the gold standard.


10 yen coin, Collecting
These coins are valued in the upper hundreds to thousands of dollars (USD) with the exception of those dated 1904, 1907, and 1910. Ten yen gold coins are also found on the market inside "Ministry of Finance" labeled plastic holders. These came from a hoard of 30,000 gold coins that were found to have been held by the Ministry of Finance. The Japanese government held a series of auctions from 2005 through 2007 which included previously unreported rare coins in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 Yen.


10 yen coin, Collecting
Modern ten yen coins date back to 1951 (year 26 of Shōwa) when the coins were struck for circulation using a bronze alloy. There is a misconception among the Japanese public that Giza 10 (Giza Ju, ギザ10) (yen made between 1951 to 1958) are worth a lot of money because of their reeds. On average these coins are worth only 3 to 4 times their face value, or in some cases just their face value. Ten yen coins from this period are actually only scarce in uncirculated grades, with examples valued in the hundreds of dollars (USD). Modifications to the ten yen coin were made in 1986 which show slight differences in the appearance of Byodoin Phoenix Hall giving two major varieties for that year. Ten yen coins made in the latter half of 1986 with the temple changes are worth over $1,000 (USD).


10 złotych note
The 10 Polish Złotych note is the lowest value złoty banknote and has been used since the redenomination of the złoty in 1995. The note is used as the sole currency in Poland, a country with a population of about 38 million.


10 złotych note
It is the smallest note, measuring 120×60mm with a dark brown and green colour scheme. The ten złotych note features a portrait of Duke Mieszko I in the obverse centre area, while the reverse depicts a denar, a silver coin from Mieszko I's reign. The banknote is protected with multiple security features, like watermarks and microprinting, which document its authenticity.


10 złotych note
The ten złotych note has been used since 1794, along with the rest of the first złoty banknotes, although there were some temporary discontinuations in its usage.


10 złotych note, History, First złoty banknotes
In 1794, treasury notes were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 groszy, 1, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 złotych. The Duchy of Warsaw issued notes for 1, 2 and 5 talarów.


10 złotych note, History, First złoty banknotes
In 1824, the Bank Kassowy Królestwa Polskiego issued notes for 10, 50 and 100 złotych. The Bank Polski issued notes dated 1830 and 1831 in denominations of 1, 5, 50 and 100 złotych, whilst assignats for 200 and 500 złotych were issued during the insurrection of 1831. From 1841, the Bank Polski issued notes denominated in rubel.


10 złotych note, History, Second złoty banknotes
In 1924, along with provisional notes (overprints on old, bisected notes) for 1 and 5 groszy, the Ministry of Finance issued notes for 10, 20 and 50 groszy, whilst the Bank Polski introduced 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 złotych. From 1925, the Ministry of Finance issued 2 and 5 złotych notes, before they were replaced by silver coins, and the Bank Polski issued 5, 10, 20 and 50 złotych notes, with 100 złotych only reintroduced in 1932. In 1936, the Bank Polski issued 2 złote notes, followed in 1938 by Ministry of Finance notes for 1 złoty.


10 złotych note, History, Second złoty banknotes
In 1939, the General Government overprinted 100 złotych notes for use before, in 1940, the Bank Emisyjny w Polsce was set up and issued notes for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych. After liberation, notes (dated 1944) were introduced by the Narodowy Bank Polski for 50 grosz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych, with 1000 złotych notes added in 1945.


10 złotych note, History, Third złoty banknotes
In 1950, new notes, which were dated 1948, were introduced for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych, but 1000 złotych notes were added in 1962. 200 and 2000 złotych notes were added in 1976 and 1977, followed by 5000 złotych notes in 1982. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw high inflation in Poland and led to the introduction of notes in denominations of 10,000 in 1987, 20,000 in 1989, 50,000 in 1989, 100,000 in 1990, 200,000 in 1989, 500,000 in 1990, 1,000,000 in 1991 and 2,000,000 złotych in 1992. These notes (and coins) were valid, but with the exception of the 200,000 złotych note, until the end of 1996. They could be exchanged at the National Bank of Poland and some banks obligated to it by the NBP until 31 December 2010, and they are no longer legal tender.


10 złotych note, History, Current banknotes
In 1995, notes, which were dated 1994, were introduced in denominations of 10 złotych, 20 złotych, 50 złotych, 100 złotych and 200 złotych.


10 złotych note, Collector banknotes
There has been only one ten złotych collector banknote, which was issued in 2008.


10 złotych note, Collector banknotes, 90th anniversary of Polish independence
On 30 October 2008, the National Bank of Poland issued its second collector's banknote, this time commemorating the 90th anniversary of Polish independence. 80,000 banknotes of this kind were printed.


10 złotych note, Collector banknotes, 90th anniversary of Polish independence
The right side of the obverse bears a bust of Joseph Pilsudski viewed in profile. Beside the picture of Pilsudski there is a view of the Belvedere Palace, which was seat of the Chief of State in the years 1918-1922 and being the residence of the Polish Marshal from 1926 to 1935. The second image of Joseph Pilsudski, visible in the lower left corner, recalls that the most urgent challenges facing the country had a military character. The Marshal, in a military cloak and cap, is leaning on the edge of a trench and watching. Above the view of the Belvedere Palace is the emblem of the Polish state in its present form. Beside Pilsudski's picture, on the right hand side is the year '1918' in vertical writing.


10 złotych note, Collector banknotes, 90th anniversary of Polish independence
The reverse features an image of the 1919 version of the Coat of arms of Poland which was used, among others, on the 1919-1923 Polish marka banknotes, the first money issued by the independent Polish state. Next to it, the Kielce monument to the deeds of the Polish Legions, called the "rifle squad four", showing figures of four legionnaires marching in formatio, is pictured.


10 µm process
The 10 μm process is the level of MOSFET semiconductor process technology that was commercially reached around 1971, by leading semiconductor companies such as RCA and Intel.


10 µm process
In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed M. Atalla and Korean engineer Dawon Kahng, while working at Bell Labs, demonstrated the first MOSFET transistors with 20 μm and then 10 μm gate lengths. In 1969, Intel introduced the 1101 MOS SRAM chip with a 12 μm process.


10 Éxitos de Juan Gabriel
10 Exitos de Juan Gabriel (English: 10 Hits of Juan Gabriel)  is the fifth studio album by Juan Gabriel, originally released on January 1, 1975 and re-released on April 15, 1991.


10 år bakåt & 100 år framåt
10 år bakåt & 100 år framåt is a compilation album by the Swedish band bob hund. The album comprises two discs – the first one with B-sides and other songs that cannot be found on the groups' studio albums, the second one with a live recording from London on 23 May 2001.


10 år – En snäll mans bekännelser
10 år – En snäll mans bekännelser is a 2008 Patrik Isaksson compilation album.


10% Dis
10% Dis is a single from MC Lyte's album Lyte as a Rock produced by the hip hop duo Audio Two, who are also credited as songwriters.


10% Dis
The song was a diss track to then-Hurby Azor associate Antoinette, who she accuses of having "stole the beat" to the Audio Two hit Top Billin'.


10% Dis
It is frequently mentioned among the best rap's diss track, both from the 80s and in general, and has been sampled/referenced by various artists, such as A Tribe Called Quest, Tupac Shakur with Outlawz, Ras Kass, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Snoop Dogg, Lil' Kim, Foxy Brown, Common and Remy Ma.


10% Dis
In April 2013, the song was included No. 21 on Complex's "The 50 Best Rap Songs by Women" list.


10% Dis, Conception and composition
During an interview with Vibe in 2011, Lyte stated that the feud started from a deal between a deal that was made between Hurby Luv Bug (Salt-N-Pepa’s producer) and the rap duo Audio Two to record and release a song called ‘Stop Illin' based on their hit song Top Billin'.


10% Dis, Conception and composition
“Hurby was taking pretty long to get it together so Audio Two figured it out that he wasn’t going to do it. And then one night on a trip back from Boston after doing in-stores and performing, we had the radio on WBLS and heard Mr. Magic and Marley Marl playing [Antoinette’s] ‘I Got An Attitude.’ It was the same [Audio Two] track, but it was organized a different way.”


10% Dis, Conception and composition
According to Lyte, they told her to write a diss track to Antoinette, as doing so would make them look like "the wackest men on the face of the planet." The song, recorded at the I.N.S. Studios in New York City, became a single from her debut album Lyte as a Rock.


10% Dis, Conception and composition
“It was pretty easy—we just sat there and thought of the worst things we could possibly say about somebody,” Lyte recalled in 2007 in Brian Coleman's book Check The Technique. “It's titled that because that's only ten percent of what I could have said. I didn't even know Antoinette. It was strictly a war on wax.”


10% Dis, Conception and composition, Samples
The song contains samples of Roxanne Shante's "Roxanne's Revenge" in your intro  and drum break in the background comes from The Honey Drippers's Impeach the President, James Brown's Super Bad and Audio Two's Top Billin'.


10% Dis, Appearances
"10% Dis" was included in his compilation albums The Very Best of MC Lyte (2001), The Shit I Never Dropped (2003), and  Cold Rock a Party - Best Of MC Lyte (2019).


10% Dis, Appearances, Samples
MC Lyte herself has sampled the song on her other Diss Track to Antoinette "Shut the Eff Up! (Hoe)" and in his collaboration with Billy Lawrence on "Come On". It has also been sampled/referenced by several other artists:


10% Dis, Legacy and influence, Critical reception
Complex's Rob Kenner would write about the song "MC Lyte's "10% Dis" was 100% effective (...) As the step-sister of Brooklyn's own Giz and Milk from Audio Two, Lyte had access to the hottest beats, and she was also exempt from any sort of pressure to sleep her way to the top, demanding and receiving maximum respect from all men she encountered in this testosterone-soaked industry." Later they would comment in the same media "(...)


10% Dis, Legacy and influence, Critical reception
The track featured a multitude of now-classic lines such as "hot damn hoe, here we go again" and "you're a beat biter, a dope style taker." Ironically, the beat for "10% Dis" sounded more like "Top Billin" than "I Got an Attitude" did." For his part, Rob Marriott would comment on the song "10% Dis is pure, unrelenting devastation - Ether before Ether.”


10% Dis, Legacy and influence, Critical reception
On the 30th anniversary of its release, Albumism's Jesse Ducker reviewed "Lyte as a Rock," in which he commented on the song:


10% Dis, Legacy and influence, Critical reception
“Throughout her career, MC Lyte has always excelled at recording dis tracks. On Lyte as a Rock she unleashes her first and perhaps best with “10% Dis,” her extremely harsh assault on the rapper Antoinette. (...)MC Lyte deliberately dissects Antoinette with a mixture of cold calculation and contempt throughout the six verses of “10% Dis.”


10% Dis, Legacy and influence, Critical reception
In December 2018, Eminem included the song in the list of his favorite diss tracks.


10% QTV
10% QTV is a Canadian television newsmagazine series, which aired on Rogers Television stations in Ontario from 1995 to 2001. It was the first multiseason television series in Canada targeted specifically to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, being preceded only by short run series such as Coming Out in 1972, and Out of the Closets and Gay News and Views in 1977–1978.


10% QTV
The series aired on all Rogers community channels in Southern and Eastern Ontario. In 1996, the series was also briefly carried nationally by Vision TV.


10% QTV
The series first aired in 1995 as Cable 10%, and adopted the 10% QTV name in 1997. The series was produced in Toronto by a volunteer committee. It aired documentary and feature reports on LGBT life and news in Canada and internationally, including an annual episode airing highlights from the Toronto Pride Parade.


10% QTV
Following the end of the series, the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives took over the program's website, incorporating it into the CLGA's own website.


10%: What Makes a Hero?
10%: What Makes a Hero? (Hebrew: 10% – מה הופך אדם לגיבור?, 10% – Mah Hofech Adam Lagibor?) is a 2013 Israeli documentary film directed by Yoav Shamir. The film focuses on the concept of heroism, which the director sets out to define and locate. The title refers to the Milgram experiment where 10% of the subjects were shown to go against authorities for the sake of moral conviction.


10%: What Makes a Hero?
The film was screened at a number of international film festival. It received the Documentary Excellence Award at the 2013 South Film Festival in Israel.


10%: What Makes a Hero?, Production
The film was partially financed by the filmmaker Michael Moore, who is credited as an executive producer. Shamir crowdfunded a part of the film's budget, and Moore offered to donate the same amount of money as the crowdfunding campaign was able to raise. According to Moore, he had become an admirer of Shamir after watching Shamir's 2009 film Defamation, a documentary on antisemitism and its political uses.


10's Collection March
"10s Collection March" (10s コレクション マァチ, 10s korekushon machi) is the eighth single by Japanese band Antic Cafe. The initial track is featured on the Magnya Carta album. The song peaked at No. 42 on the Japanese singles chart.


10+2
10+2 refers to the 2 years of schooling which is required post grade 10, adopted by high schools in Nepal. 10+2 is gradually replacing the conventional modes of intermediate education, being the Intermediate of Science (I. Sc. ), Intermediate of Commerce (I. Comm. ), Intermediate of Arts/Humanities (I. A.) normally taken by Students after having received their School Leaving Certificate (SLC) provided by Tribhuvan University. Students in Nepal either opt for a 10+2 course in the science, management, and humanities stream under the Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB), or opt for other options like the British A-Levels curriculum under Cambridge University.


10+2
In India, in July 2020, the passage of the National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 10+2 system with the 5+3+3+4 system. The 10+2 system is a part of the K-12 education system, and equivalent to the International Baccalaureate and GCE Advanced Levels in the west. 10+2 refers to two years of schooling post grade 10 in India since autumn 2002.


10+2
In India each state has State secondary education boards. Following are some Boards offering 10+2:


10+2 (TV series)
10+2 is a children's animated series from Catalonia (Spain), produced by Accio Studios and Victory Media Group, and directed by Miquel Pujol i Lozano. The show debuted in 1991, and as of October 2021 can be seen on Germany's KiKa.


10+2 (TV series), Summary
The series takes place in the fictional country of Numberland, centered in a school taught by the teacher Aristotle and his assistant Infinite. The students consist of ten living numbers from zero till nine, each with differing personalities. The characters are mute and only communicate in vocal noises and body language. Throughout the episodes, every night Aristotle would narrate the day's events in flashback, with moments of counting quantities corresponding to the number characters. However, in the movies all characters have full speech.


10+2 (TV series), Movies, The Magical Night
In 2000, Miquel Pujol created a 45-minute Christmas Special movie title "10+2: La Noche Mágica", where Infinite goes on a winter adventure after an embarrassing moment during Christmas preparations.


10+2 (TV series), Movies, The Great Secret
In 2001, Miquel Pujol created an 85-minute movie titled "10+2: El Gran Secreto" starring Milesima and the new teacher Zenobia. It was nominated in the fifteenth edition of the Goya Awards in the category of best animated film.


10+2 (TV series), Movies, Letters and Pirates
In 2005, a 47-minute movie was made titled "10+2: Cartes i Pirates", where Milesima as Captain Red Braid takes Infinite and the ten numbers on pirate voyage to find the treasure trove of Rocky Head Island.


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 is the fourth studio album by Midnight Oil that was released on vinyl in 1982 under the Columbia Records label. It peaked at No. 3 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart and remained on the chart for 171 weeks. It also became the band's first album to chart on the US Billboard 200, where it peaked at number 178.


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
At the 1982 Countdown Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best Australian Album.


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
In October 2010, the album was listed in the top 30 in the book 100 Best Australian Albums, with 1987's Diesel and Dust at No. 1. In July 2011, the album was listed in Triple J Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time, 2011 at number 21.


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Content
The album's closing track "Somebody's Trying to Tell Me Something" contains a note held by the group which would continue into the album's runout groove, and emulated on the CD version for just over 40 seconds. This is an approximation of a locked groove, a method used a number of times on vinyl albums (such as Diamond Dogs and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band) where the ending sound would continue into the runout groove, thus continuing indefinitely until the turntable arm was lifted off or the automatic return, present on some turntables, kicked in.


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Content
Garrett noted, "We wanted, as a band, to make this album lyrically stronger, because these are fucking desperate times. It's very important for us to get immediate, because we can't go on making records like this for years and years and people can't go on ignoring it."


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Reception
Mark Deming at AllMusic wrote: "It's remarkably listenable and catchy, offering up one passionate anthem after another. The band's politics are both well considered and unapologetically upfront throughout... 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 was [Midnight Oil's] first undeniably great album and still ranks with their very best."


10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Reception
David Fricke said the album, "sounds like the end of the world turned up to 10".


10, Janpath
10, Janpath is a public-owned house on Janpath. At the time of Rajiv Gandhi's assassination in 1991, while he was campaigning for a second term as Prime Minister of India, 10, Janpath was his official residence, although he lived at 7, Lok Kalyan Marg while he was Prime Minister. 10, Janpath remains the residence of his widow Sonia Gandhi, who is currently Interim President of Indian National Congress party. The national headquarters of Indian National Congress (INC) is right behind it on 24, Akbar Road. It was the residence of India's second Prime Minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-1966) and where his body lay in state on 11 January 1966. Today his biographical museum, Lal Bhadur Shastri Memorial is at  1, Motilal Nehru Place (formerly 10, Janpath), adjacent to the complex.


10, Janpath
10, Janpath is spread over 15,181 Square Meter. in New Delhi


10, Janpath, History
The house was the residence of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri who succeeded Jawaharlal Nehru in the 1960s. Adjacent to the complex, facing the roundabout is Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial at  1, Motilal Nehru Place.


10,000
10,000 (ten thousand) is the natural number following 9,999 and preceding 10,001.


10,000, Name
Many languages have a specific word for this number: in Ancient Greek it is μύριοι (the etymological root of the word myriad in English), in Aramaic ܪܒܘܬܐ, in Hebrew רבבה [ revava], in Chinese 萬/万 (Mandarin wàn, Cantonese maan6, Hokkien bān), in Japanese 万/萬 [man], in Khmer ម៉ឺន [meun], in Korean 만/萬 [man], in Russian тьма [ t'ma], in Vietnamese vạn, in Thai หมื่น [meun], in Malayalam പതിനായിരം [ patinayiram], and in Malagasy alina. In many of these languages, it often denotes a very large but indefinite number.


10,000, Name
The Greek root was used in early versions of the metric system in the form of the decimal prefix  myria-.


10,000, Name
The number 10000 can also be written 10,000 (UK and US), 10.000 (Europe mainland), 10 000 (transition metric), or 10•000 (with the dot raised to the middle of the zeroes; metric).


10,000 BC (TV series)
10,000 BC is a British reality television series that debuted on Channel 5 and MTV on 2 February 2015. The show is a joint commission between the two channels.


10,000 BC (TV series)
The social experiment series follows 20 British people from all walks of life as they go back to the conditions of the Stone Age and try to survive two months in the wilderness.


10,000 BC (TV series)
The 10,000 BC candidates were prepared and monitored by Klint Janulis, an archaeologist and survival expert. Janulis had spent 14 years in the U.S. military, initially as a Marine and then in the Army Special Forces.


10,000 BC (TV series), Location
The series was set and filmed in the Byalka Hunting Preserve, near Lovech in the foothills of the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. The contestants were filmed for two months from October 2014.


10,000 BC (TV series), Contestants
Nine men and eleven women from all over the United Kingdom took part in this series, including groups from two families (the Hardings and the O'Rourkes) and one couple (Oliver Farr and Terri Perry). The other eleven contestants each entered on their own. The oldest tribe member was retired private school PA Caroline Mortimer, who was 65 years old upon entering. The youngest tribe member was the restaurant maître d' Alice Harding, 20.


10,000 BC (TV series), Contestants
Five of the original twenty participants remained until the eighth week. Twelve chose to leave; three were removed. It was decided by the whole tribe on day one that Steve would be tribe leader.


10,000 BC (TV series), Contestants
A full cast list was posted online one week prior to the series launch.


10,000 BC (film)
10,000 BC is a 2008 American action-adventure film directed by Roland Emmerich, starring Steven Strait and Camilla Belle. The film is set in the prehistoric era and depicts the journeys of a prehistoric tribe of mammoth hunters. The world premiere was held on February 10, 2008 at Sony Center on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.


10,000 BC (film)
The film was a box office hit, but consistently regarded by professional critics as Emmerich's worst film, as well as one of the worst films of the year.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
Circa 10,000 BC, a hunter-gatherer tribe called the Yagahl live in the Ural Mountains and survive by hunting woolly mammoths. The tribe is led by a hunter who has killed a mammoth single-handedly and earned the White Spear, and venerate Old Mother, an elderly woman with shamanistic powers. The mammoths begin to dwindle, and the village chief finds a young girl named Evolet who survived a massacre of her village, perpetrated by what Old Mother calls "four-legged demons" who will come when "the Yagahl go on their last hunt".


10,000 BC (film), Plot
She prophesies that whoever kills the leader of the "demons" will win both Evolet and the White Spear, becoming the next village chief. The tribe believe that the "demons" are mammoths, whose return will save them from starvation. The chief does not believe the prophecy and leaves to find the mammoths. He entrusts the White Spear, his son D'Leh, and the true purpose of his quest to his friend Tic'Tic. The rest of the tribe, including D'Leh's rival Ka'Ren, believe that D'Leh's father was a coward and fled. Over time, D'Leh and Evolet fall in love.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
When the mammoths finally return, D'Leh hunts them with the men of the tribe under Tic'Tic's leadership, and manages to kill one by accident, inadvertently winning both the White Spear and marriage to Evolet. The village believes Old Mother's prophecy is coming true, but D'Leh is consumed by guilt for not earning the White Spear fairly. After speaking with Tic'Tic, he gives up the White Spear, forfeiting his marriage to Evolet.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
The next day, horse-raiders attack the camp, enslaving Evolet and several others and killing many of the tribe. D'Leh, Tic'Tic, Ka'Ren and young boy Baku set out to rescue their fellow Yagahl, but Evolet is recaptured with Ka'Ren and Baku during an attack on the slavers by terror birds, and Tic'Tic is wounded. While hunting, D'Leh falls into a pit, where he rescues a Smilodon before escaping himself.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
After Tic'Tic recovers, they make their way to a village and learn of a prophecy from the Naku, another tribe; whoever talks to a Smilodon they call the "Spear-Tooth" will help free their people. D'Leh realizes the prophecy is about him when the Smilodon he rescued arrives and refuses to kill him. They also learn that D'Leh's father was a guest of the Naku until he was captured by the slavers and Tic'Tic finally reveals to D'Leh why his father left.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
Several tribes form a coalition to pursue the raiders with D'Leh as their leader. They find the ships holding Evolet and their families but with no means to follow, they journey through a desert and discover an advanced civilization, ruled by an enigmatic god-king known as the "Almighty", the last of a group of people who had survived the collapse of an advanced civilization from across the sea. Here it is discovered that the kidnapped Yagahl work as slaves.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
The warlord who kidnapped Evolet tries to coerce her into loving him, only to be arrested by the Almighty's priests when they find he has taken her without permission. During a night scouting raid, D'Leh learns of the Almighty and the fate of his father, who perished as a slave. The party is spotted by the guards, who are killed by Tic'Tic before he succumbs to his wounds.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
The Almighty's priests believe that Evolet is destined to kill The Almighty, based on the whip scars on her hands matching the stars they call the "Mark of the Hunter" and an ancient prophecy foreseeing their civilization's downfall. The Almighty realizes that Evolet is merely the herald of the true hunter. D'Leh starts a rebellion among the slaves, killing many of the Almighty's forces, though Ka'Ren is killed.


10,000 BC (film), Plot
The Almighty offers Evolet and the other hunters to D'Leh in exchange for abandoning his rebellion. D'Leh feigns acceptance but kills the Almighty with a spear. During the ensuing battle, Evolet is killed by the warlord who is then killed by D'Leh, but is restored to life when Old Mother sacrifices herself. With the Almighty dead and his civilization destroyed, the Yagahl bid farewell to the other tribes and return home with seeds given to them by the Naku to start a new life.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Visual and sound effects
The mammoths in the movie were based on elephants and fossils of mammoths, while the saber-toothed cat was based on tigers and ligers (a lion/tiger hybrid).


10,000 BC (film), Development, Visual and sound effects
The sounds made by the saber-toothed cat in the movie are based on the vocalization of tigers and lions.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Casting
Emmerich opened casting sessions in late October 2005. In February 2006, Camilla Belle and Steven Strait were announced to star in the film, with Strait as the mammoth hunter and Belle as his love. Emmerich decided that casting well known actors would distract from the realistic feel of the prehistoric setting. "If like, Jake Gyllenhaal turned up in a movie like this, everybody would be, 'What's that? ' ", he explained. The casting of unknown actors also helped keep the film's budget down.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Production
At the 2008 Wondercon, Emmerich mentioned the fiction of Robert E. Howard as a primary influence for the film's setting, as well as his love for the film Quest for Fire and the book Fingerprints of the Gods.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Production
Director Roland Emmerich and composer Harald Kloser originally penned a script for 10,000 BC. When the project received the greenlight from Columbia Pictures, screenwriter John Orloff began work on a new draft of the original script. Columbia Pictures, under Sony Pictures Entertainment, dropped the project due to a busy release calendar, and Warner Bros. picked up the project in Sony's absence. The script went through a second revision with Matthew Sand and a final revision with Robert Rodat.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Production
Production began in early 2006 in South Africa and Namibia. Location filming also took place in southern New Zealand and Thailand. Before shooting began, the production had spent eighteen months on research and development for the computer-generated imagery. Two companies recreated prehistoric animals. To cut time (it was taking sixteen hours to render a single frame) 50% of the CGI models' fur was removed, as "it turned out half the fur looked the same" to the director.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Language
Emmerich rejected making the film in an ancient language (similar to The Passion of the Christ or Apocalypto), deciding that it would not be as emotionally engaging.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Language
Dialect coach Brendan Gunn was hired by Emmerich and Kloser to create "a half dozen" languages for the film. Gunn has stated that he collaborated informally with film lead Steven Strait to improvise what the languages would sound like. He also used some local African languages and their dialects, including the Oshiwambo language native to Namibia, which can be heard faintly by the wise blind man.


10,000 BC (film), Development, Alternate ending
In an alternative ending, the scene shifts forward many years into the future, showing Baku's retelling of the story by the camp fire. It ends with a child asking what had happened to the "Mountains of the Gods", and Baku responds, "They were taken back by the sands. Lost to time, lost to man".


10,000 BC (film), Reception
Critics noted that the film is archaeologically inaccurate and contains many factual errors and anachronisms. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 9% based on 148 reviews, with an average rating of 3.18/10. The website's critics consensus states: "With attention strictly paid to style instead of substance, or historical accuracy, 10,000 BC is a visually impressive but narratively flimsy epic." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 34 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale.


10,000 BC (film), Reception
Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "Conventional where it should be bold and mild where it should be wild, 10,000 BC reps a missed opportunity to present an imaginative vision of a prehistoric moment." Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian wrote: "Roland Emmerich's great big CGI blockbuster lumbers along like one of the woolly mammoths that roam across the screen."