(Chet Baker Sings) It Could Happen to You, Reception
One immediate distinction between these vocal sides and those recorded earlier in the decade for Pacific Jazz is the lissome quality of Baker's playing and, most notably, his increased capacity as a vocalist. The brilliant song selection certainly doesn't hurt either. This is an essential title in Chet Baker's 30-plus year canon


(Chloromethylene)triphenylphosphorane
(Chloromethylene)triphenylphosphorane is the organophosphorus compound with he formula Ph3P=CHCl (Ph = phenyl). It is a white solid but is usually generated and used in situ as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is structurally and chemically related to methylenetriphenylphosphorane.


(Chloromethylene)triphenylphosphorane
The reagent is prepared from the chloromethylphosphonium salt [Ph3PCH2Cl]Cl by treatment with strong base. The phosphonium compound is generated by treatment of triphenylphosphine with chloroiodomethane.


(Closest Thing To) Perfect
"(Closest Thing To) Perfect" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Jermaine Jackson. It was released as a single to the soundtrack from the 1985 film, Perfect. A music video was filmed featuring Jamie Lee Curtis as an aerobics instructor and John Travolta.


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need
"(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need" is a 1966 hit  single by Motown group The Miracles, released on Motown Records' Tamla label.


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need
Unlike most Miracles songs, which were written and produced by the group themselves, "I'm the One You Need" was written and produced by Motown's main songwriting and production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, best known for their work with The Supremes and The Four Tops. Holland-Dozier-Holland had written and produced two previous Miracles singles: the Top 10 hit "Mickey's Monkey" and the Top 40 hit "I Gotta Dance to Keep From Crying" (both 1963). "I'm the One You Need" was the final Miracles single released before lead singer Smokey Robinson was given star billing on all of the group's subsequent 45's.


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need, Background
In this popular Miracles tune, Smokey Robinson, as the song's narrator, seeks to comfort a girl he obviously loves, who belongs to another man who cheats on her, and treats her badly:


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need, Background
With the solution, to the broken-hearted girl's problem, Smokey continues...


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need, Background
While Smokey sings lead, The other Miracles, Bobby, Ron, Pete, and Claudette, back him with repeated chants of "Come 'Round Here,Honey Honey...I'm the one you need,Honey Honey"...


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need, Background
Two versions of this song were released, with very notable changes. The first version was released on the single; this version also appears on mono copies of the Miracles' 1966 album Away We a Go-Go. The second version used a different take, was in stereo, and had Smokey's lead more prominent than the single version; this version was released on the stereo LP editions of the album.


(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need, Chart performance
The single was a Top 20 Pop Hit, peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100, and a Top 10 R&B hit, peaking at number four on Billboard's R&B singles chart. In 1971, following the success of the #1 hit "The Tears of a Clown", Tamla-Motown UK decided to re-release this single instead of the newly-recorded follow-up, "I Don't Blame You At All". This re-release peaked at #13 in the UK in February 1971, and had a stronger showing than its late 1966 release, where it peaked at #37. "(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need" was the most successful single featured on their album Away We a Go-Go.


(Cyclooctatetraene)iron tricarbonyl
(Cyclooctatetraene)iron tricarbonyl is the organoiron compound with the formula (C8H8)Fe(CO)3. Like other examples of (diene)Fe(CO)3 complexes, it is an orange, diamagnetic solid. Although several isomers are possible, only the η4-C8H8 complex is observed. The complex is an example of a ring-whizzer, since, on the NMR time-scale, the Fe(CO)3 center migrates around the rim of the cyclooctatetraene ligand.


(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride
(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride is an organotitanium compound with the formula (C5H5)TiCl3. It is a moisture sensitive orange solid. The compound adopts a piano stool geometry.


(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride, Preparation and reactions
(C5H5)TiCl3 is prepared by the reaction of titanocene dichloride and titanium tetrachloride:


(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride, Preparation and reactions
The complex is electrophilic, readily forming alkoxide complexes upon treatment with alcohols.


(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride, Preparation and reactions
Reduction of (cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride with zinc powder gives the polymeric Ti(III) derivative (cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride:


(Cyclopentadienyl)zirconium trichloride
(Cyclopentadienyl)zirconium trichloride is an organozirconium compound with the formula (C5H5)ZrCl3. It a moisture-sensitive white solid. The compound adopts a polymeric structure. The compound has been well studied spectroscopically.


(Cyclopentadienyl)zirconium trichloride, Synthesis and reactions
It is prepared by chlorination of zirconocene dichloride. Being polymeric, complex is insoluble in nonpolar solvents. It dissolves in the presence of basic ligands to give adducts.


(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer
(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer is the organometallic compound with the formula [(cymene)RuCl2]2. This red-coloured, diamagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. The complex is structurally similar to (benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer.


(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, Preparation and reactions
The dimer is prepared by the reaction of the phellandrene with hydrated ruthenium trichloride. At high temperatures, [(cymene)RuCl2]2 exchanges with other arenes:


(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, Preparation and reactions
(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer reacts with Lewis bases to give monometallic adducts:


(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, Precursor to catalysts
Treatment of [(cymene)RuCl2]2 with the chelating ligand TsDPENH gives (cymene)Ru(TsDPEN-H), a catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation.


(Cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, Precursor to catalysts
[ (cymene)RuCl2]2 is also used to prepare catalysts (by monomerization with dppf) used in borrowing hydrogen catalysis, a catalytic reaction that is based on the activation of alcohols towards nucleophilic attack.


(Dance with the) Guitar Man
"(Dance with the) Guitar Man" is a song written by Duane Eddy and Lee Hazlewood and performed by Eddy, featuring vocals by The Blossoms (as The Rebelettes). The song was produced by Lee Hazlewood. It was arranged by Anita Kerr. The song appeared on his 1962 album, Dance with the Guitar Man  . It was recorded at the RCA Nashville Sound Studio in Nashville, Tennessee.


(Dance with the) Guitar Man, Chart performance
"Dance with the Guitar Man" song reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart, #12 on the Billboard Hot 100, and #3 in Norway in 1962.


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene
(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, also known as phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) is a hypervalent iodine chemical with the formula C6H5I(OCOCH3)2. It is used as an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry.


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Preparation
This reagent was originally prepared by Conrad Willgerodt by reacting iodobenzene with a mixture of acetic acid and peracetic acid:


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Preparation
PIDA can also be prepared from iodosobenzene and glacial acetic acid:


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Preparation
More recent preparations direct from iodine, acetic acid, and benzene have been reported, using either sodium perborate or potassium peroxydisulfate as the oxidizing agent:


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Preparation
The PIDA molecule is termed hypervalent as its iodine atom (technically a hypervalent iodine) is in its +III oxidation state and has more than typical number of covalent bonds. It adopts a T-shaped molecular geometry, with the phenyl group occupying one of the three equatorial positions of a trigonal bipyramid (lone pairs occupy the other two) and the axial positions occupied by oxygen atoms from the acetate groups. The "T" is distorted in that the phenyl-C to I to acetate-O bond angles are less than 90°.


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Preparation
A separate investigation of the crystal structure confirmed that it has orthorhombic crystals in space group Pnn2 and reported unit-cell dimensions in good agreement with the original paper. The bond lengths around the iodine atom were 2.08 Å to the phenyl carbon atom and equal 2.156 Å bonds to the acetate oxygen atoms. This second crystal structure determination explained the distortion in the geometry by noting the presence of two weaker intramolecular iodine–oxygen interactions, resulting in an "overall geometry of each iodine [that] can be described as a pentagonal-planar arrangement of three strong and two weak secondary bonds."


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Unconventional reactions
One use of PIDA is in the preparation of similar reagents by substitution of the acetate groups. For example, it can be used to prepare (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene (phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate), PIFA) by heating in trifluoroacetic acid:


(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Unconventional reactions
PIFA can be used to carry out the Hofmann rearrangement under mildly acidic conditions, rather than the strongly basic conditions traditionally used. The Hofmann decarbonylation of an N-protected asparagine has been demonstrated with PIDA, providing a route to β-amino-L-alanine derivatives.


(Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies
(Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies is a 2015 feature-length documentary film directed by Yael Melamede. It explores the reasons why people lie and the methods they use. It features direct testimony, footage and the experimental research carried out by Dan Ariely.


(Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies, Release
(Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies premiered at the 2015 Full Frame Documentary Film Festival.


(Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies, Critical response
Variety stated about the film: "this entertaining mix of anecdotal evidence, academic research and current affairs is a diverting survey that should hold appeal for niche buyers in various formats". The Hollywood Reporter described (Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies as a "deep-think doc animated by the researcher at its center". The New York Times criticized the lack of exploration of the loss of trust in the wider society.


(Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies, Critical response
The film has an 89% rating, with an average score of 7.02/10 based on 18 reviews, on Rotten Tomatoes. It has a rating of 60/100 on Metacritic, stating "Mixed or average reviews based on 6 Critics".


(Do You Love Me) Just Say Yes
"(Do You Love Me) Just Say Yes" is a song written by Bob DiPiero, John Scott Sherrill and Dennis Robbins, and recorded by American country music group Highway 101. It was released in June 1988 as the first single from the album Highway 101, Volume 2. The song was Highway 101's third number one on the country chart. The song spent one week at that position and twenty weeks on the chart. It also reached Number One on the RPM Country Tracks charts in Canada.


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar
"(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar" is a 2009 song created and performed by the cast of the web series The Guild, with lead vocals by singer-actress Felicia Day. The lyrics were written by Day and the music was written by musical composer Jed Whedon, who also directed the music video.


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Background
When interviewed at San Diego Comic-Con, Day attributed her inspiration for the song to 1980s and 1990s-style dance music. She conveyed an obsession with Stacey Q's "Two of Hearts" in particular, which is apparent with Day including a familiar "come on, come on" in the lyrics. The song includes a rap portion performed by Guild co-stars Jeff Lewis and Sandeep Parikh.


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Background
While Day composed the lyrics herself, whilst listening to "really bad 1990s dance songs", she turned to screenwriter Jed Whedon (with whom she had worked on internet musical Dr. Horrible's Sing Along Blog and TV series Dollhouse) to compose the music. Whedon and his wife Maurissa Tancharoen are credited as backup singers on the video, and Tancharoen also contributes her talent as a back-up dancer; this was the first time Whedon (who also directed the video) had seen her dance.


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Music video
The music video features the entire cast of The Guild dressed up as their own online "avatar" characters from the web series.


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Music video
Day comments that "In a regular Hollywood situation it would have cost us hundreds of thousands of dollars", but the video was recorded in Whedon's closet three weeks prior to its general release. Whedon stated that in directing the video (his first time "directing anything" according to his wife) he "basically wanted to do a relatively cliché dance video as if it were about medieval fantasy warriors who took themselves really seriously," in which respect he felt the cast delivered "perfectly and hilariously".


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Music video
He used stop motion techniques to compensate for those members of The Guild cast who do not have dancing skills. Then, to make it "legit" as a video, Whedon made sure to include "actual sexy footage of Felicia, stellar dancing with Amy [Okuda] showing off her chops, and of course, raining money."


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Music video
Jeff Lewis describes himself as "not good at anything at all - dancing or rap" and comments, "they were able to make what I did [the rap sequence] fairly entertaining". Lewis recorded four lines of rap at Jed's house which were later synced up to the video. He was told to dance or "do anything" for three minutes, which "felt really bad and embarrassing... awful" but was impressed when the footage was slowed down, and became "more than I anticipated or imagined in a music video."


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Reception
The video reached 1 million YouTube hits in less than 2 days. By April 2012–33 months after release—the YouTube video had 19,710,073 hits, averaging around 600,000 hits a month.


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Reception
On August 6, 2010 the song became a playable track on Rock Band 2 via the Rock Band Network. BBC entertainment reporter Mark Savage describes the song as "[r]eminiscent of Ace of Base's 'All That She Wants'" and describes the rap by Jeff Lewis and Sandeep Parikh as "intricate and clearly masterful".


(Do You Wanna Date My) Avatar, Reception
TV writer, director and producer Joss Whedon (brother of composer Jed Whedon), who has worked with Day on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Dr. Horrible and Dollhouse, gave his support for the song. On weblog Whedonesque.com, Whedon implored his fanbase to support the video, saying "I really want this to be big. It's indie (which is the most important part), it's awesome... So help me out. Let's go the extra mile here and DESTROY THE SWIFTBOT!"


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes
"(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" is a rhythm and blues instrumental. It was recorded by James Brown with his band in 1959 and released as a two-part single in 1960. For contractual reasons the recording was credited to "Nat Kendrick and the Swans".


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Circumstances of the recording
The recording of "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" arose out of James Brown's success in using the Mashed Potato dance as part of his stage show. Brown wanted to record a Mashed Potatoes-themed instrumental with his band in order to capitalize on the dance's popularity. However, King Records head Syd Nathan, a frequent critic of Brown's proposals, would not allow it. (The first instrumental recorded by Brown and his band, titled "Doodle Bee" and credited to Brown's tenor saxophonist J.C. Davis, had not sold well when it was released on King's sister label Federal Records.) Brown approached Henry Stone, a friend in the music business who ran the Dade Records label, about recording the piece with him. Stone, although nervous about crossing Nathan (with whom he did business), arranged for Brown to record at his Miami studio.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Circumstances of the recording
"(Do The) Mashed Potatoes" was recorded with Brown playing the piano and shouting the song's title. To prevent Brown's voice from being recognized, Stone overdubbed shouted vocals by Carlton "King" Coleman, a local radio DJ, onto the recording, though Brown's voice remains audible in the background. Leadership of the band was officially credited to Nat Kendrick, who was Brown's drummer at the time, while the writing was credited to "Dessie Rozier", a pseudonym for Brown.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Circumstances of the recording
A simple twelve bar blues tune, "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" became a Top Ten R&B hit in 1960 and fed what would eventually grow into a national dance craze. The band recorded several more singles under the Nat Kendrick & the Swans name, including "Dish Rag", "Slow Down", and "Wobble Wobble", but none was successful. Eventually made aware of Brown's outside success, Syd Nathan relented and allowed him to release future instrumentals on King, starting with the 1961 single "Hold It" b/w "The Scratch".


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Circumstances of the recording
James Brown had a second Mashed Potatoes-themed hit with "Mashed Potatoes U.S.A." in 1962.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Other versions
Steve Alaimo released the song in 1962, also on album Mashed Potatoes.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Other versions
The British beat group The Undertakers recorded a cover version of "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" in 1963.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Other versions
German beat group The Rattles recorded a version for their 1963 debut single A-side.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Other versions
The Kingsmen covered the song on their 1964 album The Kingsmen In Person.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Other versions
James Brown recorded a remake of "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" for his 1980 album Soul Syndrome.


(Do the) Mashed Potatoes, Other versions
Surf rock group Man or Astroman released a cover of the song called "Space Potatoes" on their 1993 EP Captain Holojoy's Space Diner, with modified lyrics.


(Do the) Push and Pull
"(Do The) Push and Pull (Part 1)" is a 1970 single on Stax Records by singer Rufus Thomas. The song was written by Thomas, and the recording was arranged by Carl Hampton, and produced by Al Bell and Tom Nixon.


(Do the) Push and Pull
This was the first and only number-one song for Thomas, who had first hit the R&B chart in 1953. The song was at the top of the Billboard Best Selling Soul Singles chart for two weeks in February 1971. The single also reached the Top 30 on the pop chart, peaking at number 25.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m
The (DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m is the writing which bars persons with "true hermaphroditism" (ovotesticular disorder of sex development), "pseudohermaphroditism" and "pure gonadal dysgenesis" from serving in the United States Armed Forces. The three are all intersex conditions and are as of now considered to be medically incompatible with military service in the United States. "DoDI" stands for "Department of Defense Instruction," the 6130.03 instruction concerns "Medical Standards for Appointment, Enlistment, or Induction in the Military Services" in the Armed Forces of the United States.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m
Section 5 focuses on disqualifying conditions of the male and female reproductive system, on the female page the subheader 13 and paragraph f name true hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism and pure gonadal dysgenesis specifically, and on the male page the subheader 14 and paragraph m also name exactly true hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism and pure gonadal dysgenesis, respectively. There is no differentiation made between males and females with these conditions. Many doctors, medical professionals and intersex advocates find the terms hermaphroditism to be outdated and stigmatized, therefore it and its derivative words are seldom used in the 2000s, with the word hermaphrodite itself being considered a slur when used against a human.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, Context
"True hermaphroditism," which is clinically known as ovotesticular disorder of sex development, is a medical term for an intersex state in which a human is born with both testicular and ovarian tissue. Often one or both gonads is an ovotestis which contains both types of tissue. It is similar in some ways to mixed gonadal dysgenesis but the conditions can be distinguished histologically. The condition has several effects on the body, one of which is imbalanced hormonal output, which is why it is currently considered a disqualifying condition for military service in the United States.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, Context
"Pseudohermaphroditism" on the other hand is an old clinical term for a person that is born with primary sex characteristics of one sex but develops the secondary sex characteristics that are different from what would be expected on the basis of the gonadal tissue (ovary or testis). Use of the term "pseudohermaphroditism" can be problematic, and is now widely considered redundant. Because of this, the language still used by the armed forces has fallen out of favor in the 21st century due to misconceptions and pejorative connotations associated with the term hermaphrodite.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, Context
Several militaries, whether they accept intersex people (such as Israel) or not, use different wording. The website Military.com clumps all three conditions together as "hermaphroditism" on their list of conditions which disqualify one from service.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, History, Background
Barring of intersex persons with ovotesticular disorder of sex development and "pseudohermaphroditism" like states dates back to at least as far back as 1956. Despite this, John F. Patton of the Office of the Surgeon General and Center of Military History of the U.S. Army, wrote in 1988 that "Lesser degrees of these abnormalities, however, were obviously overlooked or regarded as compatible with military service." Mentions of gonadal agenesis as an obstacle in military servie has been recorded since the early 1970s if not before.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, History, Developments
The guideline with the current wording was first conceived in 2010 and implemented in 2011. At first it was not addressed if persons who have had surgeries to address their genital abnormalities were acceptable or not but later updates added in notes about people also being barred if they had medical interventions done.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, History, Developments
In 2013 guidelines stated that "a history of, or current manifestations of, personality disorders, disorders of impulse control not elsewhere classified, transvestism, voyeurism, other paraphilias, or factitious disorders, psychosexual conditions, transsexual, gender identity disorder to include major abnormalities or defects of the genitalia such as change of sex or a current attempt to change sex, hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, or pure gonadal dysgenesis or dysfunctional residuals from surgical correction of these conditions render an individual administratively unfit," which while specifying that only unsuccessful corrective surgeries for the conditions rendered someone unfit for service also lumped together disorders of sex development (DOSD) with gender identity, fetishes, mental illness, neuroatypicality, personality disorders and paraphilias in the same level of disqualification, which is not consistent or optimal for rules of enlistment.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, History, Developments
The 2016 amendments to the 6130.03 guidelines to allow transgender people to serve did not touch on intersex people whatsoever and their situation remained unchanged. At the time the location of the writing was at "Enclosure 4, 14f. and 15r," here it was listed as "major abnormalit[y] or defect of genitalia."


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, History, Developments
The amendments made for transgender people were motivated by changes in the medical and psychological community, and while the use of the word hermaphroditism was criticized as archaic and medically outdated there was no major push by the larger LGBT community to have it corrected nor was any effort made on the part of the military to consider having it reworded.


(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m, Effectiveness
The Consensus Study Report from the Board on Children, Youth, and Families (part of the DOD's Military Family Readiness System) in 2019 notes that despite the restriction it is very possible for someone whose genitalia have been surgically modified to comply with social norms due to these conditions to enter the military completely undetected.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper
"(Don't Fear) The Reaper" is a song by American rock band Blue Öyster Cult from the band's 1976 album Agents of Fortune. The song, written and sung by lead guitarist Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser, deals with eternal love and the inevitability of death. Dharma wrote the song while picturing an early death for himself.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper
Released as an edited single (omitting the slow building interlude in the original), the song is Blue Öyster Cult's highest chart success, reaching #7 in Cash Box and #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in late 1976. Critical reception was positive and in December 2003 "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" was listed at number 405 on Rolling Stone's list of the top 500 songs of all time.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Background
"I felt that I had just achieved some kind of resonance with the psychology of people when I came up with that, I was actually kind of appalled when I first realized that some people were seeing it as an advertisement for suicide or something that was not my intention at all. It is, like, not to be afraid of [death] (as opposed to actively bring it about). It's basically a love song where the love transcends the actual physical existence of the partners."


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Background
The song is about the inevitability of death and the foolishness of fearing it, and was written when Dharma was thinking about what would happen if he died at a young age. Lyrics such as "Romeo and Juliet are together in eternity" have led many listeners to interpret the song to be about a murder-suicide pact, but Dharma says the song is about eternal love, rather than suicide. He used Romeo and Juliet to describe a couple who wanted to be together in the afterlife. He guessed that "40,000 men and women" died each day, and the figure was used several times in the lyrics; this rate was 100,000 off the mark.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Composition and recording
"(Don't Fear) The Reaper" was written and sung by lead guitarist Buck Dharma and produced by David Lucas, Murray Krugman, and Sandy Pearlman. The song's distinctive guitar riff is built on the "i-VII-VI" chord progression, in an A minor scale. The riff was recorded with Krugman's Gibson ES-175 guitar, which was run through a Music Man 410 combo amplifier, and Dharma's vocals were captured with a Telefunken U47 tube microphone. The guitar solo and guitar rhythm sections were recorded in one take, while a four-track tape machine amplified them on the recording. Sound engineer Shelly Yakus remembers piecing together the separate vocals, guitar and rhythm section into a master track, with the overdubbing occurring in that order.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Composition and recording
Mojo described its creation: "'Guys, this is it!’ engineer Shelly Yakus announced at the end of the first take. ‘The legendary once-in-a-lifetime groove!’ ... What evolved in the studio was the extended solo section; it took them nearly as long to edit the five-minute track down to manageable length as it did to record it."


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Composition and recording
The song features prominent use of the cowbell percussion instrument, overdubbed on the original recording. Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother, drummer Albert Bouchard, play the cowbell: "Albert thought he was crazy. But he put all this tape around a cowbell and played it. It really pulled the track together." However, producer David Lucas says that he played it; while bandmember Eric Bloom claims that he was the one to play it.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Reception
The song was on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 20 weeks, reaching number 12 for the weeks beginning November 6 and November 13 in 1976. It was BÖC's highest-charting U.S. song and helped Agents of Fortune reach number 29 on the Billboard 200. "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" charted even higher in Canada, peaking at number 7. The single edit was released in the UK in July 1976 (CBS 4483) but failed to chart. However the unedited album version was released as a single (CBS 6333) in May 1978, where it reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Reception
Critical reaction was mostly positive. Denise Sullivan of Allmusic praised the song's "gentle vocals and virtuoso guitar" and "haunting middle break which delivers the listener straight back to the heart of the song once the thunder is finished". Nathan Beckett called it BÖC's "masterpiece" and compared the vocals to the Beach Boys. Writing for PopMatters, James Mann hailed it as a "landmark, genre-defining masterpiece" that was "as grand and emotional as American rock and roll ever got". Pitchfork Media also referred to the song as a "masterpiece". "Extremely poetic" was the verdict of Fountains of Wayne founder Chris Collingwood. "A sad ballad about a man who wants to die with his true love before their love is spoiled by earthly things."'


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Accolades
In 1976 Rolling Stone named "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" the song of the year and, in 2004, the magazine placed the song at number 397 on its list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time"; however, the 2010 version of the list moved it down to number 405. In 1997 Mojo listed the song as the 80th best single of all time, while Q ranked "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" number 404 in its 2003 countdown of the "1001 Best Songs Ever."


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Accolades
When The Guardian released its unranked list of the "1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear" in 2009, the song was included. The publication wrote that the song's charm "lies in the disjuncture between its gothic storyline and the sprightly, Byrdsian guitar line that carries it." In his book The Heart of Rock and Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made, rock critic Dave Marsh ranked the song at number 997.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Legacy, "More Cowbell"
The song was memorialized in the April 2000 Saturday Night Live comedy sketch "More Cowbell". The six-minute sketch presents a fictionalized version of the recording of "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" on an episode of VH1's Behind the Music. Will Ferrell wrote the sketch and played Gene Frenkle, an overweight cowbell player. "Legendary" producer Bruce Dickinson, played by Christopher Walken, asked Frenkle to "really explore the studio space" and up the ante on his cowbell playing. The rest of the band is visibly annoyed by Frenkle, but Dickinson tells everyone, "I got a fever, and the only prescription is more cowbell!" Buck Dharma said that the sketch was fantastic and he never gets tired of it but also lamented that it made the song lose its 'creepy' vibe for some time.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Legacy, "More Cowbell"
A segment of the song was performed by Red Hot Chili Peppers on May 22, 2014, as the conclusion of a drumming contest between the band's drummer Chad Smith and actor Will Ferrell. In a repeat of the 2000 SNL sketch, Ferrell again played cowbell for the rendition, which appeared on an episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Legacy, In other media
Stephen King cited the song as the inspiration for his novel The Stand, and its lyrics are quoted at the beginning of the novel. It also appears as the opening theme song for the 1994 TV miniseries based on the novel. It was subsequently used as the end credits music for the fifth episode of the 2020-21 miniseries adaptation.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Legacy, In other media
In the film Halloween, the song plays in the car when Jamie Lee Curtis' character, Laurie Strode, is being stalked by serial killer Michael Myers.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Legacy, In other media
The 1994 film The Stoned Age features the song when one of the main characters criticizes the song as being "a pussy song" despite it being performed by Blue Oyster Cult.


(Don't Fear) The Reaper, Legacy, In other media
The song was featured in the starting tracklist of the rhythm game Rock Band.


(Don't Go Back To) Rockville
"(Don't Go Back To) Rockville" is the second and final single released by American rock band R.E.M. from its second studio album Reckoning. The song failed to chart on either the Billboard Hot 100 or the UK Singles Charts.


(Don't Go Back To) Rockville, Background
The song was written by Mike Mills (credited to Berry/Buck/Mills/Stipe), in 1980, as a plea to his then girlfriend, Ingrid Schorr, not to return to Rockville, Maryland, where her parents lived. Schorr, who later became a journalist, has written about her amusement with the factual inaccuracies about her relationship with Mills and the background of the song that often appear in books about the band. Peter Buck has stated that the song was originally performed in a punk/thrash style, and that it was recorded for this single in its now more-familiar country-inspired arrangement as a joke aimed at R.E.M. manager Bertis Downs.


(Don't Go Back To) Rockville, Background
Over time, Mike Mills has taken over lead vocals instead of Michael Stipe when the band has played the song live. On R.E.M. 's appearance on VH1 Storytellers in 1998, Mills performed the song solo on piano. A live version of the song was released as the B-side to "Leaving New York" in 2004 and on R.E.M. Live in 2007.


(Don't Go Back To) Rockville, Track listings
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe.


(Don't Go Back To) Rockville, Track listings, Notes
1 Recorded at the Theater El Dorado, Paris, France, April 20, 1984. 2 Recorded at the Music Hall, Seattle, Washington, June 27, 1984.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go
"(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go" is a funk/soul song originally recorded by Curtis Mayfield for his album Curtis (1970). The song was meant to serve as a warning regarding the state of race relations and the tempest growing in America's inner cities.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Summary
The song begins with a woman proclaiming the virtues of the Bible's "Book of Revelation" over an introduction of fuzz-bass guitar and conga drums. Mayfield then shouts with a large echo overdub "Sisters! Niggers! Whities! Jews! Crackers! Don't worry, If there's a Hell below, we're all gonna go!" followed by a scream. The song then breaks out with a heavy fuzz bass, Latin percussion,  wah-wah guitar and strings.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Albums
The song is performed live on the album Curtis/Live! (1971) and Live in Europe (1987). Studio out-takes of the song have been added to the CD re-issue of the album.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
Punk rock band Antiseen have covered the song on their EP Hell. Narada Michael Walden performs this song on A Tribute To Curtis Mayfield.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
The Afghan Whigs covered this song on their 1998 live EP "Live at Howlin' Wolf".


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
D12 samples this song on "That's How" from their album Devil's Night. Kanye West samples the introduction to this song on "Jesus Walks", from his album The College Dropout. N.W.A. also samples this song on "Niggaz 4 Life" from their album Efil4zaggin.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
The track was featured in the 1997 Girl Skateboards video Mouse.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
The instrumental beginning was featured in season 2 episode 20 of Fresh Off the Boat entitled My Name Is... .


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
In 2017, the song was also used as the opening credits theme song for the first season of the HBO drama The Deuce.


(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go, Covers and use
The Detroit rapper and producer Black Milk released a 2014 album with the referential name If There's a Hell Below. He samples this song on "What It's Worth" from that album.


(Don't) Give Hate a Chance
"(Don't) Give Hate A Chance" is the third and final single from British funk/acid jazz band Jamiroquai's sixth studio album, Dynamite. The title is a reference to the song "Give Peace a Chance" by John Lennon, and was written by Jason Kay, Rob Harris and Matt Johnson. It was produced by Kay and Mike Spencer. The single was released on 7 November 2005, peaking on the UK Singles Chart at #27.


(Don't) Give Hate a Chance, Music video
The video for "(Don't) Give Hate a Chance" is Jamiroquai's first computer-animated music video and pays homage to the Italian cartoon La Linea. To promote the release of the video, Sony BMG organised the video to be projected on a number of outdoor venues around central London, including the walls of the Chelsea Barracks military grounds and a car park in the Soho district. An alternate video released in late October, which included the ground being replaced by plants and rocks and significant changes to the final minute of the video.


(Don't) touch me on my studio
(Don't) touch me on my studio is a South African meme that developed out of an e.tv television interview, 7 April 2010, with André Visagie, former Secretary General of the far right group, the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB), and political analyst, Lebohang Pheko. The two were discussing race relations in South Africa in the aftermath of AWB leader Eugène Terre'Blanche's murder.


(Don't) touch me on my studio
Pheko confronted Visagie about the alleged abuse of farm workers in South Africa, and the anchor of the show, Chris Maroleng had to intervene when Visagie lost his temper, ripping off his microphone and storming off the set before returning and saying: "You won't dare interrupting me...I am not finished with you (sic)."


(Don't) touch me on my studio
Maroleng's repeated statement to Visagie, "(Don't) touch me on my studio, (don't) touch me on my studio (sic)," and the AWB member's adamant response, "I'll touch you on your studio", became a focus of jokes on Twitter, email, Facebook, forums  and video remixes on YouTube. The Broadcasting Complaints Commission received 19 complaints about Maroleng's handling of the issue  but these complaints were rejected.


(Don't) touch me on my studio
Antjie Krog, South African poet and academic, has expressed misgivings about the meme; “an Afrikaner and a black man's inability to use correct English has become the laughing stock of the country".


(Drawing) Rings Around the World
"(Drawing) Rings Around the World"  is a song by Super Furry Animals and was the second single taken from the band's fifth album, Rings Around the World. The track reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart on release in October 2001. Singer Gruff Rhys has described the song as being about "rings of communication around the world. All the rings of pollution".


(Drawing) Rings Around the World
Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers comparing the song to the work of other groups such as Status Quo, ELO and The Beach Boys. A promotional music video was produced to accompany "(Drawing) Rings Around the World"'s release as a single. Directed by Pedro Romhanyi the video features images of fictional television stations including "SFA TV", which shows the band playing along with the track. An alternative video, directed by Sean Hillen, was included on the DVD version of Rings Around the World on its release in July 2001. This video features the lyrics to the track scrolling slowly from the bottom of the screen upwards in front of an image of a globe. The DVD version of Rings Around the World also includes a Llwybr Llaethog remix of "(Drawing) Rings Around the World".


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Themes and recording
According to lead vocalist Gruff Rhys, "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" is about "all the rings of communication around the world. All the rings of pollution, and all the radioactivity that goes around. If you could visualize all the things we don't see, Earth could look like some kind of fucked-up Saturn. And that's the idea I have in my head – surrounded by communication lines and traffic and debris thrown out of spaceships." Rhys has claimed that the theory was initially his girlfriend's father's. The track was recorded in 2000 at Monnow Valley Studio, Rockfield, Monmouthshire and was produced by the Super Furry Animals and Chris Shaw.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Musical structure
"(Drawing) Rings Around the World" is 3 minutes 29 seconds long and is in the key of B major. The track begins with feedback which plays while drums and a guitar, playing a riff based around a B chord, fade in. The first verse begins on 25 seconds with Gruff Rhys singing the lines "You expose the film in me, we're drawing rings around the world" backed by harmony vocals on the title phrase.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Musical structure
A short bridge plays, during which the guitar chords change from B, E and F♯ to just E, F♯, E, F♯. Another verse, bridge and verse play before the last bridge which begins at 1 minute 23 seconds. The outro starts at 1 minute 32 seconds with Rhys singing "Ring ring, ring ring, rings around the world" over the chords B, D and F♯ backed by harmony vocals.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Musical structure
A guitar counter-melody begins at 2 minutes 2 seconds and excerpts from phone calls the band made to random people around the world, including calls to the United States embassies in Madagascar and Moscow, a record shop in Osaka and a record company in Australia, play as the track fades out.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Musical structure, Alternative version
A Llwybr Llaethog remix of "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" is included on the DVD version of Rings Around The World. The track is 3 minutes 33 seconds in length and begins with a reed organ playing a riff in the key of B major. The remix largely follows the arrangement of the original but, for the majority of its duration, dispenses with the instrumental backing, featuring just Gruff Rhys's main vocals, the band's backing vocals and excerpts from the random phonecalls the group made alongside occasional organ and cymbals. Towards the end of the track the original version's guitar, drums and bass appear briefly before the song ends with the same reed organ riff that appeared at the start.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Critical response
Critical reaction to "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" was generally positive with many journalists comparing the song to the work of other groups. Writing for the NME, Ted Kessler described the track as "Status Quo for Generation X-ers with a Manhattan Portage full of millennial tension" and went on to ask "who said there was anything wrong with that?" in his review of the song on its release as a single, despite his earlier review of Rings Around the World claiming that the album would benefit from the removal of the "Status Quo-ish title track".


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Critical response
Q described the track as "excellent" while PopMatters claimed the song "sounds so much like ELO that it blows away everything on last year's ELO reunion album" and the Dallas Observer stated that "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" is a "Beach Boys/Beatles/ELO homage as fine as the '70s heyday of Roy Wood's Wizzard or very early Cheap Trick". Pitchfork Media stated that the song "takes the upbeat Britpop of their debut album and layers on spectral details" while Uncut described the track as "tooled up rock 'n' roll modelled on "Surfin' USA".


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Critical response
The Guardian claimed the song's lyrics tackle environmental issues with a "sharp wit" while Drowned in Sound saw them as evidence that chief songwriter Gruff Rhys was "taking his lyrics a little bit more seriously". The song was placed at number 21 in the 2001 Festive Fifty on John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show. "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" appeared on the soundtrack to the 2001 film Me Without You.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Sean Hillen video
A Sean Hillen-directed music video was included on the DVD version of Rings Around the World released July 2001.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Sean Hillen video
The video begins with a static shot of the 1994 collage The Great Pyramids of Carlingford Lough, Irelantis by Hillen, which shows a man in a red jumper sat in a wooded area overlooking a river and three pyramids (this image was used for the front cover of all three formats of the single). The camera moves up to reveal a rotating globe in a stary sky. As "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" begins to play, the text "In the beginning... No! Long before that..." scrolls slowly from the bottom of the screen upwards.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Sean Hillen video
The song's lyrics are displayed in the same manner throughout the remainder of the video as several objects circle the globe including a flying saucer, metal cube and fireworks. Occasionally the camera switches to a close up view of the globe showing models of huge missile firing electricity pylons. As the song comes to an end the text "Every building has been built" appears in the middle of the screen and the camera pans down to show a black-and-white version of the Hillen collage used in the opening shot.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Sean Hillen video
Keyboard player Cian Ciaran has stated that the band deliberately tried to avoid making videos that looked like just "another pop promo ... like MTV" for the DVD version of Rings Around the World and asked the directors to make the visuals as "extreme as possible". Ciaran claims the directors had to "work even harder at creating something interesting" due to the limited budget available.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Pedro Romhanyi video
A promotional music video, directed by Pedro Romhanyi, was produced to accompany the release of "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" as a single. According to Gruff Rhys the band made separate videos for Rings Around the World's three singles as they saw the videos included on the DVD release of the album as "pure art" whereas they needed promotional music videos that were more like adverts for the songs.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Pedro Romhanyi video
The video begins with a shot of the band in an all white room playing along to the track. A station identification logo for "SFA television" is seen in the top left and a green graphic appears, showing the volume level being turned up. The camera pans back to reveal a TV which switches channel from "SFA" to a station showing golf.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Pedro Romhanyi video
The rest of the video continues this pattern, continually flicking between the band and a variety of other stations, which generally feature similar logos to real life channels but with slightly different names e.g. "Cartoon Animals" (Cartoon Network), "CVQ" (QVC), "Animal Channel" (Discovery Channel) Actors, news presenters, puppets, a golfer, an astronaut and weatherman sing along with the track as the television stops on the channel each appears on. At one point, the band are shown in silhouette in homage to the cover of Hot Rocks 1964-1971 by The Rolling Stones.


(Drawing) Rings Around the World, Music videos, Pedro Romhanyi video
As the video ends, the camera pans back to show a television in a room with a man having a telephone conversation. The camera continues to pan back showing this image on a television on a shelf in a small room. The camera pans back through three more televisions, each showing an image of the last shot, ending with a TV in a wallpapered room next to an electric fire. A few seconds before the video ends the screen turns to static. The Pedro Romhanyi video appears on the DVD release of the band's greatest hits album Songbook: The Singles, Vol. 1 and the Enhanced CD version of the "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" single.


(Du är så) Yeah Yeah Wow Wow
"(Du är så) Yeah Yeah Wow Wow" is a Swedish language song written and sung by the Swedish singer Martin (full name Martin Svensson) who got his big break in the 1999 edition  of the Swedish Melodifestivalen. It finished in 4th place overall. The lyrics are critical of the advertising profession. Martin also made an English language version with the title of "(You Are So) Yeah Yeah Wow Wow".


(Du är så) Yeah Yeah Wow Wow
Despite not winning the Melodifestivalen, the song became very popular, and was released as a single on 11 March 1999. It topped the Swedish Singles Chart at for two consecutive weeks on the charts of 8 and 15 April 1999.


(E)-2-epi-beta-caryophyllene synthase
(E)-2-epi-beta-caryophyllene synthase (EC , 2-epi-(E)-beta-caryophyllene synthase, SmMTPSL26) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, (E)-2-epi-beta-caryophyllene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP or HMB-PP) is an intermediate of the MEP pathway (non-mevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The enzyme HMB-PP synthase (GcpE, IspG) catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) into HMB-PP. HMB-PP is then converted further to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by HMB-PP reductase (LytB, IspH).


(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate
HMB-PP is an essential metabolite in most pathogenic bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as in malaria parasites, but is absent from the human host.


(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate
HMB-PP is the physiological activator ("phosphoantigen") for human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, the major γδ T cell population in peripheral blood. With a bioactivity of 0.1 nM it is 10,000-10,000,000 times more potent than any other natural compound, such as IPP or alkyl amines. HMB-PP functions in this capacity by binding the B30.2 domain of BTN3A1.


(E)-Stilbene
(E)-Stilbene, commonly known as trans-stilbene, is an organic compound represented by the condensed structural formula C6H5CH=CHC6H5. Classified as a diarylethene, it features a central ethylene moiety with one phenyl group substituent on each end of the carbon–carbon double bond. It has an (E) stereochemistry, meaning that the phenyl groups are located on opposite sides of the double bond, the opposite of its geometric isomer, cis-stilbene. Trans-stilbene occurs as a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in organic solvents. It can be converted to cis-stilbene photochemically, and further reacted to produce phenanthrene.


(E)-Stilbene
Stilbene was discovered in 1843 by the French chemist Auguste Laurent. The name "stilbene" is derived from the Greek word στίλβω (stilbo), which means "I shine", on account of the lustrous appearance of the compound.


(E)-Stilbene, Isomers
Stilbene exists as two possible stereoisomers. One is trans-1,2-diphenylethylene, called (E)-stilbene or trans-stilbene. The second is cis-1,2-diphenylethylene, called (Z)-stilbene or cis-stilbene, and is sterically hindered and less stable because the steric interactions force the aromatic rings out-of-plane and prevent conjugation. Cis-stilbene is a liquid at room temperature (melting point: 5–6 °C (41–43 °F)), while trans-stilbene is a crystalline solid which does not melt until around 125 °C (257 °F), illustrating the two isomers have significantly different physical properties.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Many syntheses have been developed. One popular route entails reduction of benzoin using zinc amalgam.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Both isomers of stilbene can be produced by decarboxylation of α-phenylcinnamic acid, trans-stilbene being produced from the (Z)-isomer of the acid.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Richard Heck and Tsutomu Mizoroki independently reported the synthesis of trans-stilbene by coupling of iodobenzene and styrene using a palladium(II) catalyst, in what is now known as the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. The Mizoroki approach produced the higher yield.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Stilbene undergoes reactions typical of alkenes. Trans-stilbene undergoes epoxidation with peroxymonophosphoric acid, H3PO5, producing a 74% yield of trans-stilbene oxide in dioxane. The epoxide product formed is a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of 1,2-diphenyloxirane. The achiral meso compound (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyloxirane arises from cis-stilbene, though peroxide epoxidations of the cis-isomer produce both cis- and trans-epoxide products. For example, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide, oxidation of cis-stilbene produces 0.8% cis-stilbene oxide, 13.5% trans-stilbene oxide, and 6.1% benzaldehyde. Enantiopure stilbene oxide has been prepared by Nobel laureate Karl Barry Sharpless.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Stilbene can be cleanly oxidised to benzaldehyde by ozonolysis or Lemieux–Johnson oxidation, and stronger oxidants such as acidified potassium permanganate will produce benzoic acid. Vicinal diols can be produced via the Upjohn dihydroxylation or enantioselectively using Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation with enantiomeric excesses as high as 100%.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Bromination of trans-stilbene produces predominantly meso-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane (sometimes called meso-stilbene dibromide), in line with a mechanism involving a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate of a typical electrophilic bromine addition reaction; cis-stilbene yields a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane in a non-polar solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, but the extent of production of the meso compound increases with solvent polarity, with a yield of 90% in nitromethane.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
The formation of small quantities of the two enantiomers of stilbene dibromide from the trans-isomer suggests that the bromonium ion intermediate exists in chemical equilibrium with a carbocation intermediate PhCHBr–C+(H)Ph with a vacant p orbital vulnerable to nucleophilic attack from either face. The addition of bromide or tribromide salts restores much of the stereospecificity even in solvents with a dielectric constant above 35.


(E)-Stilbene, Preparation and reactions
Upon UV irradiation it converts to cis-stilbene, a classic example of a photochemical reaction involving trans-cis isomerization, and can undergo further reaction to form phenanthrene.


(E)-Stilbene, Derivatives and uses
(E)-Stilbene itself is of little value, but it is a precursor to other derivatives used as dyes, optical brighteners, phosphors, and scintillators. Stilbene is one of the gain mediums used in dye lasers.


(E)-Stilbene, Derivatives and uses
Disodium 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate is prepared by the sulfonation  of 4-nitrotoluene to form 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid, which can then be oxidatively coupled using sodium hypochlorite to form the (E)-stilbene derivative in a process originally developed by Arthur Green and André Wahl in the late nineteenth century. Improvements to the process with higher yields have been developed, using air oxidation in liquid ammonia. The product is useful as its reaction with aniline derivatives results in the formation of azo dyes. Commercially important dyes derived from this compound include Direct Red 76, Direct Brown 78, and Direct Orange 40.


(E)-Stilbene, Derivatives and uses
The stilbenoids are naturally occurring stilbene derivatives. Examples include resveratrol and its cousin, pterostilbene. The stilbestrols, which are structurally but not synthetically related to (E)-stilbene, exhibit estrogenic activity. Members of this group include diethylstilbestrol, fosfestrol, and dienestrol.


(E)-beta-ocimene synthase
(E)-beta-ocimene synthase (EC , beta-ocimene synthase, AtTPS03, ama0a23, LjEbetaOS, MtEBOS) is an enzyme with systematic name geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase ((E)-beta-ocimene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


(E)-beta-ocimene synthase
This enzyme is widely distributed in plants, which release beta-ocimene when attacked by herbivorous insects.


(E)-gamma-bisabolene synthase
(E)-gamma-bisabolene synthase (EC ) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase ((E)-gamma-bisabolene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal
(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal is an aromatic substance found in butter, cooked beef, fish, potato chips, roasted peanut, buckwheat and wheat bread crumb. In an isolated state, it smells of deep fat flavor, characteristic of chicken aroma (at 10ppm). At lower concentration, it has the odor of citrus, orange or grapefruit. It might be carcinogenic. It has been used as aroma in the EU, but use restrictions apply until the required data have been submitted.


(E,E)-germacrene B synthase
(E,E)-germacrene B synthase (EC ) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase ((E,E)-germacrene-B-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


(Evening) Time to Get Away
"(Evening) Time to Get Away" (sometimes referred to as simply "Time to Get Away") is part of a song from The Moody Blues 1967 album Days of Future Passed, a concept album with each song representing a part of the day. It was unlisted on the original album, but has been listed on many later reissues. The composition was written by bassist John Lodge, and is one of two compositions written by Lodge for Days of Future Passed, the other being "Peak Hour." As the title suggests, the lyrics are about ending the work day and returning home. "(Evening) Time to Get Away" is part two of the track "Forever Afternoon (Tuesday? )", which also contains the Justin Hayward song "Tuesday Afternoon."


(Evening) Time to Get Away
The fifteen-second orchestral prelude to "Nights in White Satin" opens with an excerpt from "(Evening) Time to Get Away."


(Evening) Time to Get Away
On the original LP of Days of Future Passed, the entire part two featured all of the band members (except Graeme Edge) on vocals during the bridge. In 1978, the entire album was remixed due to deterioration of the original master tapes. The remix now only features John Lodge singing on the bridge. The original 1967 mix was never released on CD until November 17, 2017.


(Evening) Time to Get Away
Some classic rock stations still play the entire eight-and-a-half minute "Forever Afternoon (Tuesday?)" track.


(Every Day Is) Halloween
"All Day" and "(Every Day Is) Halloween" are songs by American band Ministry, both written and produced by Al Jourgensen. These were originally released by Wax Trax! Records in 1984 as Ministry's “comeback” single following their departure from Arista Records, with "All Day" on the A-side and "(Every Day Is) Halloween" on the B-side, respectively. In 1987, these were included on Ministry's compilation Twelve Inch Singles (1981–1984). The remixed version of "All Day", titled “All Day Remix”, was featured on Ministry's 1986 album Twitch. “(Every Day Is) Halloween” has been featured in the 1998 Rhino Records compilation Just Can't Get Enough: New Wave Halloween.


(Every Day Is) Halloween
Music writer Dave Thompson described "(Every Day Is) Halloween" as having been "adopted as the anthem of America's disenfranchised Gothic community."


(Every Day Is) Halloween
On October 31st 2019, the track was re-released as an acoustic version with the help of Dave Navarro on acoustic guitar.


(Every Day Is) Halloween
On October 30, 2020, Stabbing Westward released a cover version.


(Every Day Is) Halloween, Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes of the “All Day / (Every Day Is) Halloween” single, Twelve Inch Singles (1981–1984) and Twitch.


(Every Time I Turn Around) Back in Love Again
"(Every Time I Turn Around) Back in Love Again" is a hit song written by Len Ron Hanks and Zane Grey for R&B/funk band L.T.D. Released from their Something To Love album, it spent two weeks at number one on the R&B singles chart in the fall of 1977. It became a gold record. Jeffrey Osborne is the lead singer.


(Every Time I Turn Around) Back in Love Again
"Back in Love Again" was their biggest pop hit, peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The single also reached number 19 on the disco charts. The song was also a major hit on the Canadian pop charts, where it spent two weeks at number two.


(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag
"(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag" is a Christmas song written in 1950 by Irving Taylor, Dudley Brooks, and Hal Stanley. The "man with the bag" is a reference to Santa Claus, who drops off presents from his sleigh to people who have been "extra special good".


(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag
The song was originally made popular by Kay Starr and regularly appeared on Billboard's list of most popular Christmas songs in the early 1950s.


(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag
Hal Stanley was Kay Starr's husband at the time. He had an interest in a club in South-Central Los Angeles where Dudley Brooks often performed, and had collaborated with Irving Taylor on several television projects. He brought the two together, took credit as a co-writer, and published it under his and Starr's publishing company, StarStan.


(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag, Versions
The song has been covered by many artists, including The Brian Setzer Orchestra. The TV show Ally McBeal borrowed the song's title for a December 11, 2000 episode that featured Vonda Shepard singing the song. Her version was included in the holiday album Ally McBeal: A Very Ally Christmas. The album received positive reviews and several critics cited Shephard's version of the song as the album's highlight. Jane Monheit recorded the song for her 2005 album The Season, and performed it on her 2019 Holiday tour. Seth MacFarlane recorded the song for his 2014 album Holiday for Swing.


(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag, Versions
Jessie J covered the song for an advert for Boots during Christmas 2015; this version was later featured on her 2018 album, This Christmas Day.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" is a power ballad by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. Written by Adams, Michael Kamen, and Robert John "Mutt" Lange, it was the lead single for both the soundtrack album from the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, and Adams's sixth studio album, Waking Up the Neighbours (1991).


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You
The song was an enormous chart success internationally, reaching the number-one position on the music charts of at least nineteen countries, notable exceptions in the Western World being Italy (number three) and Spain (number four). It is particularly notable for its success in the United Kingdom, where it spent sixteen consecutive weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart, the longest uninterrupted run ever on that chart as of 2021. It also topped the Europe-wide sales chart for eighteen continuous weeks.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You
In the United States, it topped the Billboard Hot 100, which combines radio airplay and sales, for seven weeks, but stayed at number one for seventeen consecutive weeks on the sales-only chart. It went on to sell more than 15 million copies worldwide, making it Adams's most successful song, and one of the best-selling singles of all time. The song has been covered by hundreds of singers and artists around the world.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Background
The musicians on the original recording are Adams on lead vocals, backing vocals and rhythm guitar, Bill Payne (piano), Mickey Curry (drums), Larry Klein (bass), Keith Scott (lead guitar and backing vocals), and Mutt Lange (synthesizers). Based on orchestral music by Kamen, the song was written in London, U.K. at the studio Adams was working at in 1990, and he and Lange wrote it in 45 minutes, recording it the following March, and releasing it three months later. The song is performed in the key of D♭ major.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Commercial performance
In the United Kingdom, "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" had the longest unbroken run at number one, spending sixteen consecutive weeks at the top of the UK Singles Chart from July 7, 1991, to October 27 when it dropped to number four. It also topped the Europe-wide sales chart for eighteen continuous weeks, still an all-time record, and topped the European-wide radio airplay chart for ten weeks.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Commercial performance
In the United States, the power ballad spent seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, which combines radio airplay and sales, the longest running number one song since 1983, and seventeen consecutive weeks at number one on the sales-only chart, which at the time set the all-time record for consecutive weeks at one. Billboard ranked it as the number-one pop song for 1991. It also held the number one spot on the US Adult Contemporary Chart for eight consecutive weeks, the longest run atop that chart since 1979, and was the number one song of the year on that chart.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Commercial performance
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" also spent nine weeks atop the singles chart in Adams's native Canada, eleven weeks atop the Australian Singles Chart, and twelve weeks atop the Sweden Singles Chart. In most of the countries which hit ascended to number one, it was the number one song for the year 1991, exceptions being Germany (number two), Austria (number two) and Switzerland (number three).


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Commercial performance
As of January 25, 2021, the three live versions of the video for the song have 487 million views on YouTube; the original official video released in 1991 with clips of the movie Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves included has not been available on YouTube. It is the second most viewed song of Adams' on YouTube behind "Please Forgive Me" with 549 million views and just ahead of video's featuring Adams' "Heaven" which have 479 million views.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Music videos
The official music video for the song was directed by Julien Temple. It shows Adams and his band performing the song in a forest with a silk mill in the background, and Adams alone performing on a rocky beachside, intercut with scenes from Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves. The video was filmed in a forest with the derelict silk mill near Holford in the Quantock Hills and on a beach with geological cliff formations near Kilve, Somerset. A video was also commissioned for a live version of the song, directed by Andy Morahan.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Awards and accolades
Adams, Kamen, and Lange won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television, and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards of 1992. It was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song, but lost to "Beauty and the Beast."


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Awards and accolades
As recently as July 2020, it placed at number 13 on YouTube's "Most Listened to Rock Countdown", a monthly tally of the most viewed and listened to songs of the rock genre, both in current release and from the past; this was the second highest song by Adams' after "Please Forgive Me" at number 10. The song was placed 18th in a survey of the favourite songs of British readers of the Guinness Book of Records.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Sales and certifications
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Fatima Mansions version
The Irish band Fatima Mansions released a heavily altered cover of the song as part of an NME tribute album in aid of the charity, the Spastics Society. The single was a double A-side with the Manic Street Preachers' version of "Suicide Is Painless". The single entered the UK top ten in 1992, and reached number 12 in the Republic of Ireland. However, the Manic Street Preachers song received most of the UK radio airplay.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Brandy version
American singer Brandy rerecorded "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" for the standard version of her second studio album Never Say Never (1998). Producer David Foster reworked the arrangement of the original song, with Dean Parks playing the acoustic guitar.


(Everything I Do) I Do It for You, Brandy version
In 1999, her cover version was released as the album's final single on a double A-side with "U Don't Know Me" on the Oceanic music market, where it reached the top 30 of New Zealand's RIANZ singles chart. That same year, she performed the song live at  VH1 Divas Live '99 alongside Faith Hill.


(FLA)vour of the Weak
[FLA]vour of the Weak is the ninth full-length studio album by industrial music group Front Line Assembly, released in November 1997 by Off Beat.


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Background
[FLA]vour of the Weak is the first album of the band to feature Chris Peterson. Peterson had already toured with Front Line Assembly for Caustic Grip and Tactical Neural Implant but had never been part of the creative process. He also had teamed up with Rhys Fulber in the band Will before Fulber became official member of Front Line Assembly. After Fulber's departure, band leader Bill Leeb asked Peterson to join Front Line Assembly.


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Musical style
The style is a departure from previous releases in the FLA catalog, more of a  "fashion-techno" sound" in the spirit of the electro scene" of the time:  the group's beat-heavy signature began to take heavy cues from styles such as IDM and breakbeat.


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Musical style, Samples
"Sado-Masochist" uses samples of Eazy-E from an interview with hip hop group N.W.A while both "Comatose" and "Predator" as well as the B-side "Oblivion" contain samples from 1996 American horror film Hellraiser: Bloodline. Non -album track "Electrocution" from the Colombian Necktie single makes use of samples from Daft Punk's "Rollin' & Scratchin'" and from The Chemical Brothers' "Block Rockin' Beats".


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Release
In 2015, the album saw a limited re-release on vinyl through Canadian label Artoffact.


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Release, Singles
[FLA]vour of the Weak spawned two singles. The Colombian Necktie single contains an edit as well as a remix by Tim Schuldt of the title track. It also features two non-album tracks, "Deadlock" and "Electrocution". "Colombian Necktie" is accidentally written "Columbian Necktie" in the booklet, on the disc, and as fourth track on the back cover.


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Release, Singles
The second single Comatose contains the "Ketamin 45mg" and "Valium 15mg" mixes by the band themselves. A third version of the title track was remixed by Eat Static ("Prozac 75mg"), who would deliver another, drastically different, remix of "Comatose" on "Re-Wind". The single also contains an exclusive mix of "Oblivion".


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Release, Singles
Most of the tracks from the singles were re-released in 1999 through Off Beat on the compilation album Explosion together with tracks from the Circuitry and Plasticity singles. This coincided with the release of Implode and the timing of the compilation's release displeased Bill Leeb.


(FLA)vour of the Weak, Track listing
All tracks are written by Bill Leeb and Chris Peterson.


(Feels Like a) Summer's Night
"(Feels Like a) Summer's Night" is a song written by Jimmy Manzie and recorded by Australian band Ol' 55. The song was released in March 1978 as the second single from the band's third studio album, Cruisin' for a Bruising (1978). The song peaked at number 50 on the Australian Kent Music Report.


(Feels Like) Heaven
"(Feels Like) Heaven" is a song by Scottish band Fiction Factory, which was released in 1983 as the second single from their debut studio album Throw the Warped Wheel Out. The track was a hit in Switzerland, reaching #2 on the singles chart. In the UK, it peaked at #6. Other chart positions include #10 in Germany, #14 in Sweden and #20 in Austria. The song is a regular feature on 1980s and new wave compilations.


(Feels Like) Heaven
Fiction Factory had no other notable successes beyond "(Feels Like) Heaven", which rendered the band as a one-hit wonder.


(Feels Like) Heaven, Critical reception
On its release, Ian Birch of Smash Hits wrote, "Imagine a smattering of H2O, China Crisis and The Lotus Eaters with a clean-cut production. One to watch in '84." Tony Jasper of Music Week noted the song "has a fetching feel with a good blend of vocals and backing track". Frank Edmonds of the Bury Free Press gave the song an 8 out of 10 rating and described it as a "truly impressive and pleasing little number, with a relaxed, catchy melody".


(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People
(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People is the third studio album by American soul group The Chi-Lites, produced and largely written by lead singer Eugene Record. The album was released in 1971 on the Brunswick label.


(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People, History
The album includes the hit single "Have You Seen Her", which reached No. 1 on the R&B chart and No. 3 on Billboard Hot 100. It was also successful on the UK Singles Chart, reaching No. 32. The song was later covered by MC Hammer in 1990. The title track, which peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 4 on the RB chart, and No. 32 on the UK Singles Chart, was featured on the soundtrack to the 1995 film Panther.


(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People, History
Two other singles, "We Are Neighbors" and "I Want to Pay You Back (For Loving Me)", were released to moderate success. The album was the first of four consecutive Chi-Lites albums to make the R&B top 5, peaking at No. 3 . It also reached at No. 12 on the pop chart.


(Forever) Live and Die
"(Forever) Live and Die" is a 1986 song by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released as the first single from their album The Pacific Age. Paul Humphreys sings lead vocals on the track. The single peaked at No. 11 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a Top 10 hit in Canada and several European territories, and a Top 20 hit in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.


(Forever) Live and Die, Reception and legacy
Lynden Barber of The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that "(Forever) Live and Die" is "almost worthy of prime period ABBA, its ethereal Euro synthetics melting around a chorus that ascends towards heaven." Billboard selected the single as one of their "pop picks" for the week of 20 September, adding that it "achieves [the Beatles'] Magical Mystery Tour spirit with '80s tech". Record Mirror's Andy Strickland observed "an infectious little beast" with "some nice brass touches". Conversely, Simon Mills of Smash Hits portrayed the track as "limp, languid, wimpy and totally inoffensive".


(Forever) Live and Die, Reception and legacy
In a retrospective piece, The Pueblo Chieftain's Jon Pompia hailed "(Forever) Live and Die" as "wonderful" and one of the 10 greatest songs of the 1980s. James Hunter of Spin described the track as "the kind of emotionally transcendent dancepop [Pet Shop Boys'] Neil Tennant always strove for, an unqualified masterpiece of tears and aural compression, carnivalesque synth figures and Wednesday afternoon blues." AllMusic's Stewart Mason wrote that it "sounds oddly unfinished, albeit pleasant enough".


(Forever) Live and Die, Reception and legacy
Barenaked Ladies drummer Tyler Stewart remarked, "I really love '(Forever) Live and Die'. That's a great song." In a 2020 poll of 6,528 Slicing Up Eyeballs readers, it was voted the 68th-best track of 1986.


(Fork and Knife)
"(Fork and Knife)" is a 2007 single released by the band Brand New. The song was made available via digital retailers on October 23, 2007.


(Fork and Knife), Background
A demo version of "(Fork and Knife)" was leaked along with other demos for The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me as "Untitled 07". This demo version was sampled on American singer Halsey's 2020 album Manic, on the track "Alanis' Interlude".


(Fork and Knife), Background
The band has said that the new single version was recorded during the same sessions that produced The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me.


(Fork and Knife), Background
The title of the song, "(Fork and Knife)" is a reference to a restaurant called Fork and Knife which was located underneath the Wantagh station of the LIRR (Long Island Rail Road), the hometown of guitarist Vincent Accardi.


(Fork and Knife), Background
The track peaked at No. 24 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles Chart and No. 85 on the Billboard Pop 100.


(Formate-C-acetyltransferase)-activating enzyme
In enzymology, a [formate-C-acetyltransferase]-activating enzyme (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


(Formate-C-acetyltransferase)-activating enzyme
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl-L-methionine, dihydroflavodoxin, and formate C-acetyltransferase-glycine, whereas its 4 products are 5'-deoxyadenosine, L-methionine, flavodoxin semiquinone, and formate C-acetyltransferase-glycin-2-yl radical.


(Formate-C-acetyltransferase)-activating enzyme
This radical SAM enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving). Other names in common use include PFL activase, PFL-glycine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine H transferase (flavodoxin-oxidizing, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-cleaving), formate acetyltransferase activating enzyme, formate acetyltransferase-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving).


(Freak) And U Know It
"(Freak) And U Know It" is the first single released off Adina Howard's unreleased studio album, Welcome to Fantasy Island. The song is produced by DJ Quik, Robert "Fonksta" Bacon, and G-One. The song debuted on Billboard Hot 100 at 70 and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at 30.


(Freak) And U Know It, Critical reception
Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, "Howard aims to prove that there's no sophomore slump in her future with this sassy, disco-kissed R&B throw-down. Yeah, she's workin' the "freak" thang yet again. And, yeah, she's capable of far better. But the truth is that the hook here is just too darn infectious to allow for much complaining. Kids are going to love the Cameo-styled keyboard effects that underline the chorus. A fine way to preview the album "Welcome To Fantasy Island"."


(Freak) And U Know It, Personnel
Credits for (Freak) And U Know It adapted from Allmusic.


(Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase)-lysine N-methyltransferase
(Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase)-lysine N-methyltransferase (EC , rubisco methyltransferase, ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase N-methyltransferase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit epsilonN-methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)]-lysine 6-N-methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(fructose-bisphosphate aldolase)-lysine N6-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


(Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase)-lysine N-methyltransferase
The enzyme methylates a conserved lysine in the C-terminal part of higher plant fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13).


(Fuck A) Silver Lining
"(Fuck A) Silver Lining" is a song by American pop rock band Panic! at the Disco from their sixth studio album, Pray for the Wicked (2018). It was released as a promotional single for the album on March 21, 2018, along with the lead single from the album, "Say Amen (Saturday Night)".


(G)I-dle
(G)I-dle (Korean: (여자)아이들; RR: Yeoja Aideul), stylized in all caps, is a South Korean multi-national girl group formed by Cube Entertainment in 2018. The group consists of five members: Miyeon, Minnie, Soyeon, Yuqi, and Shuhua. Originally a six-piece, Soojin departed from the group on August 14, 2021. The group debuted on May 2, 2018, with the single "Latata" from their first extended play I Am. On July 31, 2019, the group debuted in Japan under U-Cube with Latata.


(G)I-dle
In 2018, the group was dubbed the "monster rookies" of the year and have been considered one of the most successful South Korean girl groups that do not hail from the "big three" record labels. Since their debut, the group has released six extended plays and eight singles, which include: "Latata", "Hann (Alone)", "Senorita", "Uh- Oh", "Lion", "Oh My God", "Dumdi Dumdi" and "Hwaa".


(G)I-dle
Relatively unusual for a K-pop girl group, (G)I-dle are directly involved in the creation of their music. In particular Soyeon has written or co-written (along with co-produced) the majority of the group's title song releases, with Minnie and Yuqi also co-writing a significant number of album songs. In conjunction with the release of their third EP I Trust in 2020, the group signed with Republic Records, an American record label, to pursue expansion into the U.S. marketplace.


(G)I-dle
Upon its release, the group set the highest record for a South Korean girl group to top the iTunes Top Albums chart and the fourth girl group to sell 100,000 copies in the first week of sales. Their 2020 single album, Dumdi Dumdi broke the single album sales record, making it the second best selling girl group single album of all time. (G)I-dle also became the first K-pop group to get interviewed by Forbes China.


(G)I-dle, Name
In an interview with The Star, the leader of the group, Soyeon, revealed that the name "Idle" (아이들) came to her when she was composing the "Idle Song". She sent it to the company and the name was finalized after going through the company's competition. However, there were mixed reactions in South Korea and internationally because "아이들" (aideul) means "children" and "idle" in English refers to someone who avoids work.


(G)I-dle, Name
Accordingly, the group was renamed (G)I-dle, with the "I" standing for individuality, the hyphen to show that the name has been divided into two parts and "Dle" (deul) as the plural form of "I" in Korean, meaning a group of six different personalities gathered together. When the name is verbally mentioned, the G enclosed by the parentheses is not included.


(G)I-dle, History, Pre-debut
Soyeon was a female trainee who represented Cube Entertainment in the survival show Produce 101, peaking at the 10th place on the fifth episode. However, she did not become a member of the winning girl group I.O.I. Soyeon also competed in the third season of the rap competition reality show Unpretty Rapstar, finishing as the second runner-up. She later debuted as a soloist, releasing two digital singles: "Jelly" and "Idle Song".


(G)I-dle, History, Pre-debut
Miyeon had previously trained under YG Entertainment between 2010 and 2015, leaving the company after unknown complications regarding her debut with Blackpink. She then attended a vocal academy. Before joining Cube, she was a freelance singer and appeared as an associate singer with Lim Seul-ong in Urban Zakapa's Canada Tour in September 2016. In 2017, she appeared in a small part in Lim Seul-ong's "You" music video.


(G)I-dle, History, Pre-debut
Soojin was a former trainee under DN Entertainment in 2015. She trained as a member of the girl group Vividiva with the stage name N.NA, but left before the group's debut. Minnie was featured in Line Friends' album Dance Party, which was released in November 2017.


(G)I-dle, History, Pre-debut
In September 2017, Shuhua appeared alongside Yoo Seon-Ho in 10cm's "Pet" music video.


(G)I-dle, History, Pre-debut
On April 5, 2018, Cube Entertainment revealed the name of their upcoming girl group, (G)I-dle. Before their debut date, Cube revealed the members to the public through Dingo Music's dance busking at Hongdae, Seoul. The busking performance video exceeded two million views on YouTube less than three weeks after its upload date (April 15, 2018).


(G)I-dle, History, 2018: Debut with I Am and "Hann (Alone)"
(G)I-dle released their debut EP, I Am, on May 2, 2018, with the lead single "Latata". The video for "Latata" exceeded 5.9 million views within the first week. The EP debuted at number 13 on the Gaon Album Chart issued on May 10. I Am also debuted at number seven and peaked at number five on Billboard's World Albums chart on May 9. A week after release, "Latata" debuted at number 35 on Gaon Digital Chart on May 17. (G)I-dle received their first-ever music show win on SBS MTV's The Show on May 22, twenty days after their debut. On June 5, they made their debut on Billboard's Social 50 Chart, charting at number 36.


(G)I-dle, History, 2018: Debut with I Am and "Hann (Alone)"
In June, a survey was carried out between thirty-five participants in the South Korean music industry where (G)I-dle was voted the "Next Generation of K-pop" category with 39 points overall. On August 6, (G)I-dle held a small concert and recorded a flash-mob performance of "Latata" in Times Square and Washington Square Park.


(G)I-dle, History, 2018: Debut with I Am and "Hann (Alone)"
On August 14, (G)I-dle's first digital single, "Hann (Alone)", was released. Within 24 hours, the music video surpassed 4.9 million views on YouTube. "Hann" topped domestic music charts including Bugs, Genie and Olleh Music on August 16, and peaked at number two on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart. They received their first music show win on Show Champion on August 29 for "Hann". In September, the group made their first appearance at KCON in Thailand.


(G)I-dle, History, 2018: Debut with I Am and "Hann (Alone)"
In November, Riot Games released a song called "Pop/Stars" which provided vocals from Soyeon and Miyeon along with American singers Madison Beer and Jaira Burns under a virtual girl group named K/DA which featured Soyeon and Miyeon as Akali and Ahri respectively. They performed the single at the League of Legends World Championship along with Beer and Burns and it reached number one on the Billboard World Digital Sales chart.


(G)I-dle, History, 2018: Debut with I Am and "Hann (Alone)"
Throughout the rest of 2018, (G)I-dle earned several rookie awards at major Korean year-end music award shows, including the Asia Artist Awards, Gaon Chart Music Awards, Genie Music Awards, Golden Disc Awards, Korea Popular Music Awards and Melon Music Awards.


(G)I-dle, History, 2019: I Made, "Uh-Oh", Japanese debut and Queendom
(G)I-dle released their second EP, I Made, on February 26, 2019. The EP contains five songs, including the lead single "Senorita", written and composed by Soyeon and Big Sancho. On June 26, (G)I-dle released their second digital single, "Uh- Oh". The song ranked number 22 on NetEase Cloud Music China for the first half of 2019, making them the only K-pop group to chart on it.


(G)I-dle, History, 2019: I Made, "Uh-Oh", Japanese debut and Queendom
In July, (G)I-dle held their first U.S. performance during the annual KCON convention and music festival at Javits Center, New York City. They later held a live showcase at the Mainabi Blitz Akasaka on July 23. The showcase sold over 1,000 tickets with 1,500 attendants. It was reported that around 15,000 applied to attend, but due to the venue's capacity limit, some could not make it. On July 31, (G)I-dle debuted in the Japanese market with the release of their EP Latata. On August 19, (G)I-dle and makeup brand Kate collaborated to release a spin-off music video of "Latata (Japanese ver. )".


(G)I-dle, History, 2019: I Made, "Uh-Oh", Japanese debut and Queendom
(G)I-dle subsequently participated in a reality girl group survival show created by Mnet, Queendom. In the first preliminary round, (G)I-dle finished in first place after performing "Latata" re-imagined with a concept of shamanism. The introduction of the performance, Minnie's Thai "enchantment", was well received and became a hot topic among both Korean and Thai fans. In the second preliminary round, (G)I-dle reinterpreted 2NE1's "Fire", finishing in last place. In September, it was reported that Cube would partner with e2PR and Strategic Communications to establish a new promotion team for handling (G)I-dle's international public relations. That same month, the group held their first fan meeting, Welcome to the Neverland, at the Yes24 Live Hall in Seoul. Tickets to the show sold out in two minutes.


(G)I-dle, History, 2019: I Made, "Uh-Oh", Japanese debut and Queendom
On October 4, (G)I-dle performed as first-time main headliner at the Spotify On Stage Jakarta. They were one of the six acts including Rich Brian, Ateez, and others. On October 5, the group appeared on Immortal Songs 2, a KBS's reality television singing competition. This marked the group's first appearance on the program. They performed a rendition of Koyote's "Sad Dream" as a part of the group's 20th anniversary. (G)I-dle performed "Put It Straight (Nightmare Version)" for Queendom's Fan-dora's Box round. The stage performance reached one million views after fourteen hours of release, and placed fourth in the round.


(G)I-dle, History, 2019: I Made, "Uh-Oh", Japanese debut and Queendom
On October 25, (G)I-dle released "Lion" as part of the EP Queendom Final Comeback. By November 2019, the live performances of "Latata" and "Fire" had surpassed 11 and 13 million views, respectively. (G)I-dle finished the show in third place. "Lion" became a sleeper hit after gaining popularity on their stage concept of The Queen's Royal Welcome, re-entering the real-time charts of various music sites. A music video for it was released on November 4. The video surpassed five million views in two days. The song debuted at number 13 on the World Digital Song Sales and peaked at number five.


(G)I-dle, History, 2019: I Made, "Uh-Oh", Japanese debut and Queendom
Simultaneously, the single rose eighty-nine spots to number 19 on the Gaon Digital Chart and topped China's QQ Music Korean Song chart for two consecutive weeks. On December 21, (G)I-dle performed their hit singles at the 2020 Tainan Christmas & New Year Eve Party at Tainan City, Taiwan. Their stage was recorded the highest tide of the event of an appearance of 80,000 people.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
On January 28, the group announced their first world tour I-Land: Who Am I, which would span 32 different cities around the world. Later, it was announced their commenced show in Bangkok and new album release project in mid-March were postponed in response to the coronavirus outbreak, to ensure the health and safety of the artists, fans, and staff. On January 31, the group appeared on Two Yoo Project Sugar Man 3 to perform Minnie's composed and rearranged Kim Won-jun's "Show".


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
On March 26, (G)I-dle was announced as part of the lineup of the 2020 Twitch Stream Aid, scheduled for March 28. The live stream was a 12-hour charity concert aiming to raise money for COVID-19 relief. They were the first female K-pop group to participate.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
On April 6, the group released their third EP titled I Trust with "Oh My God" as its lead single. The album consists of five songs including an English-language version of the title track. In conjunction with the release of I Trust, (G)I-dle signed with Republic Records to help highlight and push their individuality into the U.S. marketplace. The album had over 91,311 pre-orders, making it their most pre-ordered EP, and it became their highest selling album by selling 100,000 physical copies in three days.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
I Trust debuted atop the Gaon Album Chart becoming (G)I-dle's first number-one album in South Korea and achieved their highest-ever position on Billboard's World Albums chart at number four, and set the highest record for a South Korean girl group to top iTunes Top Albums chart in 62 countries worldwide. The music video for "Oh My God" broke their personal record by amassing 17 million views within its first day of release, and won 2020 BreakTudo's International Music Video. It was also nominated for the 2020 MTV Video Music Award for Best K-Pop Video.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
The song also marked the first time the group had appeared on the Scottish Singles Chart and charted at number 97, becoming only the third K-pop artist and the second female act to appear on the chart. (G)I-dle's live promotions for "Oh My God" won four music show awards including their first grand slam public broadcast win on KBS's Music Bank, SBS's Inkigayo and MBC's Show! Music Core. On May 6, (G)I-dle broke into Rolling Stone's Top 25 Breakthrough chart as the only K-pop group to chart for the month of April at the top 20 spot with a unit growth of 3.3 million and over 5.5 million total on demand audio streams in the U.S.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
In May, (G)I-dle released the official English version of their debut song "Latata" on May 15. On May 31, the group announced that they would be joining the 32-artist lineup at KCON: TACT 2020 Summer on June 23. The group was expected to release two albums in the second half of the year, including a digital single, according to an EBest Investment & Securities Co., Ltd researcher. (G)I-dle held I-Land: Who Am I as an online pay-per-view concert scheduled on July 5 instead of what would have been their first world tour. They performed songs from their debut album as well as "I'm the Trend", composed by Minnie and Yuqi, with a live audience of 11,000 real-time viewers. Subsequently, the group released the digital single, along with its music video on July 7 as a special present for their fans.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
On August 3, (G)I-dle released their first single album Dumdi Dumdi, with a lead single of the same name. With this release, Dumdi Dumdi ranked as the second best selling girl group single album in history with 94,587 initial sales. However, the song had a slow rise on the Gaon and Billboard charts. It debuted at numbers 27 and 15 on the Gaon Digital Chart and the US Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart, and later peaked at numbers 8 and 13, respectively. On iTunes, the song topped in 42 regions in the world.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
The music video for "Dumdi Dumdi" garnered over 17.6 million views in a single day, breaking their previous record with "Oh My God". The group ended the promotions winning first place for two weeks in a row on Show Champion, M Countdown and Inkigayo, becoming the group's most-winning title track. On August 26, they made their first Japanese comeback with the release of their second extended play, Oh My God, along with the Japanese version of "Oh My God", "Uh- Oh", "Senorita", "Dumdi Dumdi" and an original Japanese track titled "Tung Tung (Empty)", which was composed by Minnie.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
On August 27, (G)I-dle resprised their roles as Akali and Ahri in K/DA for the song "The Baddest" featuring American singers Bea Miller and Wolftyla. It was also announced that they were to be featured on the title track "More" with the original lineup Beer and Burns along with Chinese singer Lexie Liu, released on October 28. Both songs charted at number one on Billboard World Digital Song Sales, and were included in K/DA's first EP All Out.


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
In November, (G)I-dle held an online fan meeting called GBC in the Neverland through Global Interpark. "GBC" is the shortened title for "(G)I-dle Broadcast Club".


(G)I-dle, History, 2020: I Trust, I-Land: Who Am I online concert, "I'm The Trend", Dumdi Dumdi and Oh My God
At the end of the year, (G)I-dle's I-Land: Who Am I concert ranks at number 8 for Interpark's Annual Concert in 2020 and the second highest selling online music concert behind Iz*One Online Concert "Oneiric Theater" which ranked fourth overall.


(G)I-dle, History, 2021: I Burn, focus on members' solo activities and Soojin's departure
On January 11, the group released their fourth EP, I Burn, with its lead single, "Hwaa". According to Hanteo Chart, I Burn debuted at No. 1 on the daily album chart with 75,510 copies sold. The album also debuted at No.1 on Gaon Retail Album Chart with 59,086 copies sold. The music video for "Hwaa" scored 10 million YouTube views in 29 hours after it hit the streaming site. Two days later, the album was reported to be charted on the iTunes Top Album charts in 51 countries, including the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Italy and Finland.