109th Regiment of Foot (1761), History
In May 1762 the 109th moved to Belleisle, recently captured from France, where it remained in garrison until the end of the War. Returning home to Bristol the 109th was stood down on 10 June 1763 and the Regiment Colours were presented by John Nairne, who was the son of the third Baron Nairne (Scotland), to the Duke of Atholl to be preserved at Blair Castle, Scotland.


109th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Infantry)
The 109th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Infantry) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1862 to 1881, when it was amalgamated into The Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians).


109th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Infantry), History
The regiment was originally raised by the Honourable East India Company in 1853 as the 3rd Bombay (European) Regiment and then saw action in India in 1857 during the Indian Rebellion. After the Crown took control of the Presidency armies in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion, the regiment became the 3rd Bombay Regiment in November 1859. It was then renumbered as the 109th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Infantry) on transfer to the British Army in September 1862. It embarked for England in 1877.


109th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Infantry), History
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 109th was linked with the 100th (Prince of Wales's Royal Canadian) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 67 at Crinkill Barracks in Birr, County Offaly. On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 100th (Prince of Wales's Royal Canadian) Regiment of Foot to form the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians).


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 109th Rifle Division was a Red Army infantry division that was formed three times, briefly in 1939, during 1942, and again from 1942-45. The first formation of the division was converted to a mechanized division after about nine months. Its second formation served for six months in 1942 in the defense of the fortress of Sevastopol, in the southern sector of the siege lines.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
After being destroyed there in July, a third division was formed by re-designating an existing rifle division near Leningrad in August, and it successfully held its positions for nearly a year and a half, in spite of shortages of food and supplies due to the German/Finnish siege. The 109th then participated in the offensive that drove the Germans away from the city in early 1944, helped drive Finland out of the war, and then joined the offensive along the Baltic coast towards Germany. This third formation compiled an admirable record of service, but was disbanded in 1946.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 1st Formation
The first 109th Rifle Division began forming at Tatarsk in the Novosibirsk Oblast on April 15, 1939, based on a cadre provided by the 79th Rifle Regiment of the 73rd Rifle Division. Col. Nikolai Pavlovich Krasnoretzkiy was appointed to command on June 1, and he would hold that post through this formation's existence. In January, 1940, the division moved to Kharanor to be reorganized as the 109th Motorized Division.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
The division was reformed by the re-designation of the third formation of the 2nd Rifle Division in January, 1942 at Sevastopol. It consisted of, in part:


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
It was part of the Separate Coastal Army, where it served for the duration of its existence. In the final defense of the Sevastopol Fortress, the 109th fought as part of the "First Sector", and its divisional commander, Maj. Gen. Pyotr Georgyevich Novikov, also served as the Sector commander. The division was tasked with the defense of the high ground that blocked German entry into Balaclava; in fact, the 456th Rifle Regiment held the same area where the British 93rd Highland Regiment made its famous "Thin Red Line" stand in October, 1854.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
In spite of directions from above, the commander of German XXX Army Corps began an attack on the 109th on June 7, 1942, as part of the overall final offensive against Sevastopol. 456th Rifle Regiment inflicted heavy casualties, in part through antiaircraft and sniper fire, while the 381st Regiment, initially taken by surprise, also threw back the enemy with heavy losses. After four more days of piecemeal attacks, the German corps had suffered over 1,000 casualties for no gains. A larger-scale offensive, with armor support, began on June 11, and captured Ruin Hill from the 602nd Regiment.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
Despite this the division continued to resist strongly; unfortunately the adjoining 388th Rifle Division defending the village of Kamary was not faring so well. Novikov decided to attempt to relieve one regiment of that division in place on the night of June 12/13, but this move was detected by the Germans who successfully launched an attack to disrupt it. Late in the afternoon of the 13th, with Soviet defenses in the center of the sector in disorder, a further German assault overwhelmed and routed the 602nd. While the rest of the division continued to hold firm, Novikov had no option but to pull his forces back 1,000 - 1,500 metres on June 16 roughly along the line of the Sapun Heights.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
A lull set in over the next few days, but on the night of June 28/29 German Eleventh Army launched its final assault all along the line. By the end of this disastrous day for the Soviet defenders the 109th was still relatively intact, but concentrated around Balaclava. Realizing he was about to be cut off, Novikov ordered his division to force-march toward Coastal Battery 35 on the Chersonese Peninsula, where he formed a defensive perimeter with about 50,000 men, mostly stragglers.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 2nd Formation
He was handed command of the Separate Coastal Army on the 30th as the Soviet leadership fled; when he tried to follow in a sub-chaser on July 2 the ship was intercepted and sunk, and Novikov was captured. 456th Rifle Regiment made a last stand around Coastal Battery 18, but by the evening of July 4 all the remaining forces on the peninsula were destroyed or captured. The 109th Rifle Division was officially stricken from the Soviet order of battle on July 30.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
The division was reformed on August 6, 1942 at Pulkovo in the 42nd Army of Leningrad Front from the 21st NKVD Rifle Division, which had been involved in the defense of the city for the previous twelve months. Its partial order of battle became:


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
Upon its redesignation the division was under the command of Col. Mikhail Danilovich Papchenko, but he was replaced within a week by Col. Nikolai Andreevich Trushkin. Trushkin was promoted to Major General on April 21, 1943, and remained in this post for most of the rest of the war.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
Just prior to its re-designation, between July 20–23, the division had taken part in an attack on the German-held fortified village of Staro-Panovo, southwest of the city, which succeeded in liberating the village and part of the adjoining Uritsk. Although the gains were small, it was the first time the German siege lines had been pushed back and held, boosting the morale of the defenders.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
In the late autumn the division was relieved from front-line duty for nearly a month for rebuilding and replenishment, then was deployed again to the Pulkovo sector, now facing the Spanish Blue Division. The Spanish were withdrawn from this sector on January 6, 1943, replaced by the German 23rd Infantry Division.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
The 109th became part (somewhat confusingly) of the 109th Rifle Corps from November, 1943, and remained in that Corps for the duration. In January, 1944, 109th Corps left 42nd Army and was transferred to the 2nd Shock Army in the Oranienbaum Bridgehead. Later that month 2nd Shock took a leading part in the offensive that finally drove the German forces away from Leningrad.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
In May, the 109th was transferred north to the 21st Army facing the Finnish forces in Karelia. The division helped to penetrate the second Finnish defensive belt on June 14, capturing several strongpoints; following this, it continued to advance on the right flank of its Army, reaching positions about 15 km east of Viipuri by July 15. On June 22 the division was awarded the battle honor "Leningrad" as well as the Order of the Red Banner for its role in this campaign.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
With Finland out of the war, the 109th made its final transfer, to 8th Army in Estonia, near Narva, in August. Until the end of the war it assisted in clearing the Baltic coast as far as the Courland Peninsula. On several occasions the division served as a "follow-on" force in amphibious operations against German forces on the Baltic islands, but it never led an amphibious assault landing. On December 16, General Trushkin left command of the division to Col. Moiseiy Yakovlevich Mones, but returned to the division on February 28, 1945.


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Formation
The division ended the war as the 109th Rifle, Leningrad, Order of the Red Banner Division (Russian: 109-я стрелковая Ленинградская Краснознамённая дивизия).


109th Rifle Division (Soviet Union), Postwar
The division was withdrawn with the 6th Rifle Corps to the Don Military District and was disbanded in spring 1946.


109th Signals Squadron
109th Signal Squadron, Royal Australian Corps of Signals is a military communications sub-unit of the Australian Army. Under command of the 8th Signal Regiment, it currently resides in Karrakatta in Western Australia in support of the 13th Brigade.


109th Signals Squadron, History
Signals have been represented in Western Australia since 1906 when a company of Signallers was formed and located in Perth and Fremantle. The Corps units in Western Australia have undergone many name changes since 1906. After becoming the Royal Australian Corps of Signals in 1925 and serving during the Second World War only two main units were left operating in Western Australia; Headquarters Western Command Signal Squadron and Western Command Intercom Troop.


109th Signals Squadron, History
405th Signal Squadron was raised from these two units and a Battle Group Signal Troop was raised to cater for other Western Command units. 405 Signal Troop was primarily responsible for all strategic communications between Western Command and other States/Formations.


109th Signals Squadron, History
A further change in 1965 saw the raising of 123 Signal Squadron from 405 Signal Squadron. On 12 November 1966, 109th Signal Squadron was raised from the Battle Group Signal Troop to assist in the training of National Servicemen and women. Both units were in Leederville, Western Australia. In 1973, all Army Reserve members were transferred from 123 Signal Squadron to 109 Signal Squadron. 109 Signal Squadron was responsible for providing communications to 2 Task Force.


109th Signals Squadron, History
109th Signal Squadron moved to Lord Street in East Perth in 1974 and remained there until 1987. Early in 1988, the unit moved to Leeuwin Barracks, East Fremantle, and came under the command of Headquarters 13 Brigade.


109th Signals Squadron, History
A Significant change occurred to 109th Signal Squadron’s establishment during 1989 as a result of becoming a Brigade Signal Squadron. Although an independent Signal Squadron, it now had a formation chain of command, Headquarters 13 Brigade. Its establishment was changed to be along the lines of an Australian Regular Army Brigade Signal Squadron. In the five years following the unit undertook seven major exercises in the Pilbara region.


109th Signals Squadron, History
109th Signal Squadron moved to its current location in 1992 where most of the 13 Brigade units are located. In 2006 under Project Focus, all supporting non-Royal Australian Corps of Signals elements, excluding limited logistic staff were reallocated to dedicated corps units as part of a project designed to enhance and streamline C2 and administrative arrangements.


109th Signals Squadron, History
In 2021, the Squadron was transferred to under command of the 8th Signal Regiment.


109th Signals Squadron, History
Since 2006, 109th Signal Squadron has consisted of two troops (named in 2008 to honour the Western Australian signals history): 123 Signal Troop - Battlefield Communications focused; and 405 Signal Troop - Battlefield Telecommunications Network/Information Systems focused.


109th Signals Squadron, History
109th Signal Squadron has committed reservists to undertake rotations to the Solomon Islands for Operation Anode, providing support to border patrolling in Northwest Western Australia for Operation Resolute and providing individual round outs to Operation Slipper in Afghanistan and Operation Astute in East Timor.


109th Squadron (Iraq)
The 109th Squadron, Iraqi Air Force is a fighter-ground attack squadron. It operates the Sukhoi Su-25 from Al Rasheed Air Base.


109th Squadron (Iraq)
It appears that from 1976 the squadron was equipped with variants of the Sukhoi Su-20 and Sukhoi Su-22.


109th United States Congress
The 109th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, from January 3, 2005 to January 3, 2007, during the fifth and sixth years of George W. Bush's presidency. House members were elected in the 2004 elections on November 2, 2004. Senators were elected in three classes in the 2000 elections on November 7, 2000, 2002 elections on November 5, 2002, or 2004 elections on November 2, 2004. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-second Census of the United States in 2000.


109th United States Congress
The Republican maintained control of both the House and the Senate (slightly increasing their majority in both chambers), and with the reelection of President Bush, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.


109th United States Congress, Party summary, Senate
The party summary for the Senate remained the same during the entire 109th Congress. On January 16, 2006, Democrat Jon Corzine resigned, but Democrat Bob Menendez was appointed and took Corzine's seat the next day.


109th United States Congress, Party summary, House of Representatives
Due to resignations and special elections, Republicans lost a net of three seats; Democrats gained one seat; three seats were left vacant; and one seat which was vacant at the beginning of the Congress was filled. All seats were filled though special elections. (See Changes in membership, below.)


109th United States Congress, Leadership
Section contents: Senate: Majority (R), Minority (D) • House: Majority (R),  Minority (D)


109th United States Congress, Members, Senate
In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2006; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2008; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2010.


109th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.


109th United States Congress, Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.


109th Virginia General Assembly
The 109th Virginia General Assembly was the meeting of the legislative branch of the Virginia state government from 1916 to 1918, after the 1915 state elections. It convened in Richmond for one session, which started on January 12, 1916, and ended on March 18, 1916.


109th Virginia General Assembly, Background
The 1916 General Assembly took place during the latter half of Henry Carter Stuart's governorship. It was the last full session during which J. Taylor Ellyson served as lieutenant governor and president of the state senate; as of 2013, he is the only person in Virginia history to have served three terms in that office.


109th Virginia General Assembly, Background
On November 1, 1916, seven months after the body adjourned, statewide prohibition went into effect. Senator G. Walter Mapp and temperance advocate James Cannon, Jr. (not to be confused with Senator James E. Cannon) drafted the final bill after voters endorsed a referendum in September 1914.


109th meridian east
The meridian 109° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


109th meridian east
The 109th meridian east forms a great circle with the 71st meridian west.


109th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 109th meridian east passes through:


109th meridian west
The meridian 109° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


109th meridian west
The 109th meridian west forms a great circle with the 71st meridian east.


109th meridian west
In the United States, the western boundaries of Colorado and New Mexico and the eastern boundaries of Utah and Arizona lie on the 32nd meridian west from Washington, which is approximately 3 minutes of longitude west of the 109th meridian west of Greenwich, or approximately 2.5 mi (4.0 km).


109th meridian west, From pole to pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 109th meridian west passes through:


109–115 Wood Street
109–115 Wood Street (also known as Hartje Bros. Paper Manufacturing Co. or the Pittsburgh Ballet Theater Building) are two buildings located in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.


109–115 Wood Street, Description and history
109–111 was built in 1897, and 113–115 was built in 1902, and both buildings were designed by American architect was Charles Bickel.


109–115 Wood Street, Description and history
The buildings were added to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1975, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1996.


10: 1993–2003 – Ten Years Of
10: 1993–2003 – Ten Years Of is a compilation album by K's Choice released in 2003. It peaked at position 9 in the Belgian and at 73 in the Dutch album charts.


10: 1993–2003 – Ten Years Of, Track listing
All tracks written by Gert Bettens and Sarah Bettens. All tracks remastered by Benjamin Bertozzi at Jet Mastering, Brussels, Belgium.


10: 1993–2003 – Ten Years Of, Track listing
Note: Track 16, "Virgin State of Mind", was first heard on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer American television series when K's Choice appeared/performed on "Doppelgangland" – the 16th episode of the 3rd season, originally broadcast February 23, 1999, on The WB network. The track was later included on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Album soundtrack album, released October 19, 1999.


10:01
10:01 is a postmodern novel by Lance Olsen, published in 2005 by Chiasmus Press. The book incorporates multiple micro-narratives written in various styles from the point of view of many different characters as they wait for a movie to begin playing in a theater.


10:01
A hypertext adaptation of the book was also published in 2005 in the  as a collaboration between Olsen and multi-media artist Tim Guthrie.


10:01, Plot & Structure
Set in AMC movie theater 10 in the iconic Mall of America, 10:01 is composed of multiple micro-narratives written in various styles and genres (surreal, speculative, comic, lyrical, stream-of-consciousness, etc. ), each from the point of view of one of the roughly 50 characters waiting for the film (whose title is never mentioned in the text) to begin. Those characters, from an aerobic instructor to a serial killer identifying his next victim, make up something like a cross-section of what Guy Debord called the Society of the Spectacle. As the novel nears its apocalyptic conclusion (which may in fact be happening, or may simply be a description of a movie trailer), contradictory events occur designed to disorient in the same way our data-flooded culture disorients.


10:01, Plot & Structure
In 2005, Olsen collaborated with multi-media artist Tim S. Guthrie to create a hypertext version of  that was published by the Iowa Review Web and then included in the . Olsen and Guthrie thereby transformed the original text from a primarily temporal to a spatial readerly experience.


10:01, Reception
10:01 "attempts to understand how Americans today process the ever more information-rich world around them," Scott Esposito writes in Rain Taxi. "Rather than organizing his book around a discernable plot, Olsen makes an exploration of this idea the book's main attraction, including tiny clues in each vignette. Although some the vignettes are linked and some of the characters are visited more than once, most often we're left to develop our own connections between 'shots.' By structuring 10:01 like a movie and setting the book during a movie screening, Olsen suggests that we make sense of the daily onslaught of mediated, superficial interactions by perceiving consciousness as little movies that run inside our heads."


10:01, Reception
In a review essay published in Electronic Book Review, Stephen-Paul Martin argues that, "whereas visual media like film, TV, and advertising compel viewers to rush along the surface of a linear sequence of images, Olsen's prose invites careful examination, a gradual, rigorous state of attention designed to produce critical intelligence rather than a commercial transaction. Even if many of the characters are psychologically trapped in one way or another, the multiple space of their juxtaposed and intersecting thoughts and feelings indicates that a crucial aesthetic transformation has taken place, a demonstration of what fiction at its subversive best can offer, a rehumanized model of time."


10:04
10:04 is the second novel by the American writer Ben Lerner.


10:04, Description
The novel belongs to the genres of autofiction and metafiction. The first-person narrator is a 33-year-old writer who lives in New York City. A successful novelist, he has recently been diagnosed with a heart condition that could prove fatal. The book deals with love, art, city, illness, having children, and writing.


10:1
10:1 is an EP released by Rogue Wave. It was released August 23, 2005 on Sub Pop Records. 10:1 peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot Single Sales chart.


10:10 (film)
10:10 (Bengali: দশটা দশ) is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.


10:10 (film), Production
The movie was released on 28 November 2008. 10:10 is a comedy set in Calcutta. 10:10 is also the debut film of its Director (Arin Paul), Lead Actors (Chirasree Singha Roy & Ahmed), Cinematographer (Basab Mullik), Music Director (Drono Acharya), Editor (Aravinda Dasgupta) and a few others.


10:10 (film), Plot
Durgaprasad (Soumitra Chatterjee) an aged don wants to be a more successful don and would like to be in the league of Dawood Ibrahim who he considers to be his idol. To keep him company at all times he has two sidekicks in the form of Montu Singh and Jhantu Singh and Montu (Kanchan Mullick) of the very shrill voice and loves to play with toy guns. Durgarasad's daughter Ranjita (Aparajita Ghosh Das) is in love with Aparatim (Subrat Dutta) a struggling actor.


10:10 (film), Plot
Ranjita has a couple of friends who are journalists and wants to do a story about the underworld and the underworld dons of the city. One of the friends asks Ranjita to help her write a story on Durgaprasad as he lives in Ranjita's lane. Meanwhile, Durgaprasad's outgoing calls are barred and he sends Montu with 50,000 rupees, the outstanding amount to the shop to clear his bills so that he can again start receiving calls.


10:10 (film), Plot
Montu pays the amount, but misplaces Durgaprasad's number by a single digit and so the entire number is credited to the amount account of Apratim. Durgaprasad is furious that his phone is still not working and likes Montu and goes to the shop to find out exactly what happened. He comes to know that his number is misplaced and the amount has been credited to Apratim though he is unaware of his real identity. His men threaten Apratim and tells him to repay the money or otherwise they will finish him. Ranjita tells her friends about her father's real identity.


10:10 (film), Plot
Her friends decide to take the help of the rival don Muktadhara to face Durgaprasad. Durgaprasad decides to finish off Apratim the next day, but he has an unpleasant dream at night and he wakes up the next day at 10:10, the time at which he was supposed to bump off Apratim and turns a new leaf.


10:10 (film), Soundtrack
Drono Acharya composed the film's songs and Ritam Sen, Sandip Chakrabarty, Padmanabha Dasgupta, Rana Basu Thakur and Rangeet wrote the lyrics.


10:15 Saturday Night
"10:15 Saturday Night" is a song by British post-punk band The Cure. It was the B-side to their single "Killing an Arab" as well as the opening track of their debut album Three Imaginary Boys. It was also released in France as a single, with the track "Accuracy" as the B-side. It has been performed live during most of their shows since its release, and was included in their live album Concert.


10:15 Saturday Night
A promotional video, directed by Piers Bedford, was the band's first.


10:15 Saturday Night
According to interviews in the booklet for the Deluxe Edition of Three Imaginary Boys, the demo of the song is what caught Chris Parry's attention in 1978 and led him to sign the band to his newly founded record company, Fiction. The track was written by Robert Smith at the age of 16 one evening while sitting at the kitchen table feeling "utterly morose" watching the tap dripping and drinking his dad's homemade beer. It was first performed as part of sets performed by Easy Cure at gigs around the band's local area of Crawley.


10:15 Saturday Night
The song was sampled by Massive Attack on their cover of "Man Next Door" from their 1998 album Mezzanine.


10:20
10:20 is the third album by British indie rock band The Twang, released on 29 October 2012.


10:20, Track listing
Words by Watkin, Saunders, Etheridge. Except track 9 (written by Vini Reilly). Music by The Twang.


10:20 (Wire album)
10:20 is an album from English art punk band Wire, released on 19 June 2020.


10:20 (Wire album)
The band considers it a collection of "stray" tracks that didn't fit on previous albums, some of which date back to the 1980s. The album was released for Record Store Day.


10:20 (Wire album)
The album was initially announced as vinyl only but was eventually released in multiple formats.


10:20 (Wire album), Reception
PopMatters called it "both essential for fans and an excellent primer for new listeners." The Spill Magazine awarded the album 9 out of 10 describing it as "a brilliant snapshot of songs in a state of chrysalis, like a momentary acknowledgement that nothing truly ends."


10:23 Campaign
The 10:23 Campaign (stylized as 1023) is an awareness and protest campaign against homoeopathy organised by the Merseyside Skeptics Society, a non-profit organisation, to oppose the sale of homoeopathic products in the United Kingdom. The campaign has staged public "overdoses" of homoeopathic preparations.


10:23 Campaign, Origin and name
In 2004, the Belgian skeptical organisation SKEPP made headlines when thirty skeptics at Ghent University performed a "mass suicide stunt" with an overdose of homeopathically diluted snake poison, belladonna and arsenic, in an attempt to publicly show that homeopathy does not work. When Belgian skeptics met with Merseyside Skeptics during a Skeptics in the Pub in 2010, the idea was adopted to hold an international event.


10:23 Campaign, Origin and name
The campaign's name, 10:23, comes from Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 1023.


10:23 Campaign, Aims
The campaign aims to raise awareness of implausible and unsubstantiated claims made by homoeopaths. It opposes high street retailers, such as Boots UK, stocking homoeopathic remedies alongside mainstream medicines, saying that "the support lent by Boots to this quack therapy contributes directly to its acceptance as a valid medical treatment by the British public, acceptance it does not warrant and support it does not deserve."


10:23 Campaign, Aims
The organisers state that homoeopathy is "an unscientific and absurd pseudoscience", and that, according to their statement, "There is nothing in it." They question the ethics of selling treatments to the public which have not been proven to be efficacious and are widely disregarded by the scientific community.


10:23 Campaign, Participation
On 30 January 2010, members participated in a protest involving a mass overdose of homoeopathic products to demonstrate its inefficacy. Many protesters stood outside branches of Boots UK, other shops selling homoeopathic products, and other prominent public spaces and took 84 pills each of arsenicum album, 20 times the recommended dose.


10:23 Campaign, Participation
A second overdose was organised for 5–6 February 2011. Worldwide, the campaign received commitments of participation from 70 cities in 30 countries. In the United Kingdom, events took place in Manchester, as part of the QED Conference, and Cardiff. The original Belgian SKEPP and the Dutch organisations Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij and Stichting Skepsis also participated in the worldwide 10:23 Campaign. They carried out their tongue-in-cheek suicide attempt in Brussels and Amsterdam specifically to protest the recognition of homeopathic preparations by the European Parliament. Czech Sisyfos organization joined this happening when its members tried to publicly overdose themselves in Prague.


10:23 Campaign, Participation
In April 2012, at the Berkeley SkeptiCal conference, over 100 people participated in a mass overdose, taking caffea cruda, which is intended to treat sleeplessness.


10:23 Campaign, Participation
There have been no reports of ill effects following any of the overdoses.


10:23 Campaign, Support
Notable scientists and public figures have shown support for the 10:23 Campaign, including Phil Plait, James Randi Educational Foundation, Simon Singh, Steven Novella, Penn Jillette, and the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.


10:23 Campaign, Support
James Randi invited advocates and retailers of homoeopathy to take the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge to prove that homoeopathy was efficacious to win a prize and has himself overdosed on homoeopathic sleeping pills as part of his stage show.


10:23 Campaign, Reaction and media coverage
The campaign gained international coverage in the press from The Australian, The Medical Observer, BBC, The Independent, The Telegraph, and The Guardian.


10:23 Campaign, Reaction and media coverage
The British Homeopathic Association dismissed the 10:23 Campaign as "grossly irresponsible", describing the public overdose as dangerous, and claimed that the participants had no understanding of how to select remedies appropriately.


10:23 Campaign, Reaction and media coverage
Melbourne-based Dr Ken Harvey told Pharmacy News "the campaign would raise awareness of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) transparency review and concerns over homeopathic products."


10:23 Campaign, Gallery
Skeptical activist and magician Mark Edward overdoses in Monterey, CA 2011


10:23 Campaign, Gallery
SkeptiCal group overdosing on homoeopathic solution. Berkeley, CA 21 April 2012


10:30 P.M. Summer
10:30 P.M. Summer is a 1966 American drama film directed by Jules Dassin and starring Melina Mercouri and Romy Schneider. It is based on the novel Ten-Thirty on a Summer Night by Marguerite Duras.


10:30 P.M. Summer, Plot
Maria and Paul, a couple in their forties, travel through Spain with a new friend, Claire (Romy Schneider), a younger woman. The couple's daughter is also part of the trip. On their way to Madrid, they stop in a small town and are told by police that a local man who has killed his wife and her lover is on the loose in the area. There is a massive thunderstorm and the group has no choice but to stay in the town's only hotel, which is jammed beyond capacity with other travelers in the same situation.


10:30 P.M. Summer, Plot
Maria, an out of control alcoholic who lives most of her life in a walking, booze-fueled dream state, seems to be subtly encouraging her husband Paul to have a sexual relationship with Claire as a way to reintroduce sexuality into their situation. While the thunderstorm is still raging, Maria secretly steps out of the crowded hotel onto a low balcony to down a bottle of booze and accidentally sees Paul and Claire kissing on a higher balcony. She is simultaneously excited and devastated. While out in the rain Maria discovers the fugitive hiding on a nearby rooftop and decides to help him escape. She then hides the murderer, a young man, in an outcropping of rocks out in lonely stretch of highway in the desert.


10:30 P.M. Summer, Plot
She eventually tells Paul and Claire about the man, but when they go out to the desert they find that the fugitive has committed suicide with the same gun he'd killed his cheating wife with. Maria, Paul and Claire decide to keep quiet and simply travel on to Madrid as planned. While in Madrid, Maria tells Paul and Claire that she'd had hopes of adding the fugitive to the odd situation as a "fourth player" in the game, but that her true desire was to sleep with Paul once again.


10:30 P.M. Summer, Plot
Maria drinks herself unconscious and scenes of Paul and Claire making love were shown while we hear Maria's voice saying how she'd been envisioning the pair making love ever since she'd first seen Claire naked. It is never made clear whether this sequence is a dream or something Maria actually observed while massively drunk. But the next day she tells Paul about it and it seems to excite him. They start to make love, but she can't. She tells him she doesn't love him anymore. He tells her he doesn't believe her. Later, the trio goes to a club to watch flamenco dancers. Maria, who seems to be having a good time, slips out during the performance and disappears into the city. Paul and Claire search for her, but they cannot find her.


10:30 am Local Call
10:30 am Local Call  is an 2013 Indian Malayalam-language mystery film directed by Manu Sudhakaran and starring Nishan K. P. Nanaiah, Shritha Sivadas, Kailash, Lal, Mrudula Murali and Jennifer Antony playing a prominent role.


10:30 am Local Call, Plot
Alby (Nishan) works in a Nissan showroom. His wife, Ann (Mrudula), works as a radio jockey. Alby's old sweetheart, Nimmy (Shritha Sivadas) enters his life when she is deserted by her husband, Vishnu (Kailash), after he suspects her of an affair. Alby is forced to take her to a homestay, where they share a room together. The story takes a sudden turn when Nimmy is found dead. Alby tries to move on with his life until he is disturbed by a call from a stranger at 10:30 AM local time. He is extorted into doing the commands of the caller, and finds himself disturbed doing those tasks. The story progresses with his journey to find out the truth behind all of his mishaps.


10:30 am Local Call, Soundtrack
The film's soundtrack contains 2 songs, all composed by Gopi Sunder. Lyrics by Rafeeq Ahmed and Murukan Kattakada.


10:30 am Local Call, Reception
Sify wrote "For all those who are used to watching taut thrillers that leave you spellbound, 10.30 am Local Call could end up as a joke, at best. It is amateurish to the core, predictable and its making lacks any kind of imagination".


10:30 am Local Call, Reception
Indiaglitz wrote "10 30 am Local call has a decent and absorbing narrative and some good performances coupled with a fine technical side, soulful BG and music as its aces".


10:30 am Local Call, Reception
Veeyen from Nowrunning gave 2 stars and wrote "10.30 am Local Call lacks the very vital element of a thriller - that of a persuasive ground that would put in the final piece and complete the puzzle".


10:32
10:32 (film)  is a 1966 Dutch film by Arthur Dreifuss, starring Linda Christian, Eric Schneider and Bob de Lange. It is the debut of actress Linda van Dyck.


10BASE2
10BASE2 (also known as cheapernet, thin Ethernet, thinnet, and thinwire) is a variant of Ethernet that uses thin coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors to build a local area network.


10BASE2
During the mid to late 1980s this was the dominant 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standard, but due to the immense demand for high speed networking, the low cost of Category 5 cable, and the popularity of 802.11 wireless networks, both 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 have become increasingly obsolete, though devices still exist in some locations. As of 2011, IEEE 802.3 has deprecated this standard for new installations.


10BASE2, Name origination
The name 10BASE2 is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The 10 comes from the transmission speed of 10 Mbit/s. The BASE stands for baseband signalling, and the 2 for a maximum segment length approaching 200 m (the actual maximum length is 185 m).


10BASE2, Signal encoding
10 Mbit/s Ethernet uses Manchester coding. A binary zero is indicated by a low-to-high transition in the middle of the bit period and a binary one is indicated by a high-to-low transition in the middle of the bit period. Manchester coding allows the clock to be recovered from the signal. However, the additional transitions associated with it double the signal bandwidth.


10BASE2, Network design
10BASE2 coax cables have a maximum length of 185 metres (607 ft). The maximum practical number of nodes that can be connected to a 10BASE2 segment is limited to 30 with a minimum distance of 0.5 metres (20 in) between devices. In a 10BASE2 network, each stretch of cable is connected to the transceiver (which is usually built into the network adaptor) using a BNC T-connector, with one stretch connected to each female connector of the T. The T-connector must be plugged directly into the network adaptor with no cable in between.


10BASE2, Network design
As is the case with most other high-speed buses, Ethernet segments have to be terminated with a resistor at each end. Each end of the cable has a 50 ohm (Ω) resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a male BNC and attached to the last device on the bus. This is most commonly connected directly to the T-connector on a workstation. If termination is missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the AC signal on the bus is reflected, rather than dissipated, when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision, so no communication can take place.


10BASE2, Network design
Some terminators have a metallic chain attached to them for grounding purposes. The cable should be grounded at one end. Grounding the terminators at both may produce a ground loop and can cause network outages or data corruption when swells of electricity traverse the coaxial cabling's outer shield.


10BASE2, Network design
When wiring a 10BASE2 network, special care has to be taken to ensure that cables are properly connected to all T-connectors. Bad contacts or shorts are especially difficult to diagnose. A failure at any point of the network cabling tends to prevent all communications. For this reason, 10BASE2 networks can be difficult to maintain and were often replaced by 10BASE-T networks, which (provided category 5 cable or better was used) also provided a good upgrade path to 100BASE-TX.


10BASE2, Comparisons to 10BASE-T
10BASE2 networks cannot generally be extended without breaking service temporarily for existing users and the presence of many joints in the cable also makes them very vulnerable to accidental or malicious disruption. There were proprietary systems that claimed to avoid these problems (e.g. SaferTap) but these never became widespread, possibly due to a lack of standardization. 10BASE-T can be extended by making a new connection to a hub. A fault in a one hub connection does not necessarily compromise other connections to the hub.


10BASE2, Comparisons to 10BASE-T
10BASE2 systems do have a number of advantages over 10BASE-T. No hub is required as with 10BASE-T, so the hardware cost is minimal, and wiring can be particularly easy since only a single wire run is needed, which can be sourced from the nearest computer. These characteristics mean that 10BASE2 is ideal for a small network of two or three machines, perhaps in a home where easily concealed wiring may be an advantage. For a larger complex office network, the difficulties of tracing poor connections make it impractical. Unfortunately for 10BASE2, by the time multiple home computer networks became common, the format had already been practically superseded by 10BASE-T.


10BASE2, Comparisons to 10BASE5, use of AUI
10BASE2 uses RG-58A/U cable or similar for a maximum segment length of 185 m as opposed to the thicker RG-8-like cable used in 10BASE5 networks with a maximum length of 500 m. The RG-58 type wire used by 10BASE2 in addition to being smaller and much more flexible than the specialized RG-8 variant, was also inexpensive.


10BASE2, Comparisons to 10BASE5, use of AUI
An Ethernet network interface controller (NIC) may include the 10BASE2 transceivers and thus directly provide a 10BASE2 BNC connector (that the T-connector plugs into), or it may offer an AUI connector that external transceivers (see Medium Attachment Unit) can connect to. These can be transceivers for 10BASE2, but also for 10BASE5 or 10BASE-T. Some NICs offer both BNC and AUI connectors, or other combinations including BNC and 10BASE-T. With multiple connections, only one connector is designed to be used at the same time.


10BASE5
10BASE5 (also known as thick Ethernet or thicknet) was the first commercially available variant of Ethernet. The technology was standardized in 1982 as IEEE 802.3. 10BASE5 uses a thick and stiff coaxial cable up to 500 meters (1,600 ft) in length. Up to 100 stations can be connected to the cable using vampire taps and share a single collision domain with 10 Mbit/s of bandwidth shared among them. The system is difficult to install and maintain.


10BASE5
10BASE5 was superseded by much cheaper and more convenient alternatives: first by 10BASE2 based on a thinner coaxial cable, and then, once Ethernet over twisted pair was developed, by 10BASE-T and its successors 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T. In 2003, the IEEE 802.3 working group deprecated 10BASE5 for new installations.


10BASE5, Name origination
The name 10BASE5 is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The 10 refers to its transmission speed of 10 Mbit/s. The BASE is short for baseband signaling (as opposed to broadband), and the 5 stands for the maximum segment length of 500 meters (1,600 ft).


10BASE5, Network design and installation
For its physical layer 10BASE5 uses cable similar to RG-8/U coaxial cable but with extra braided shielding. This is a stiff, 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) diameter cable with an impedance of 50 ohms, a solid center conductor, a foam insulating filler, a shielding braid, and an outer jacket. The outer jacket is often yellow-to-orange fluorinated ethylene propylene (for fire resistance) so it often is called "yellow cable", "orange hose", or sometimes humorously "frozen yellow garden hose". 10BASE5 coaxial cables had a maximum length of 500 meters (1,600 ft). Up to 100 nodes could be connected to a 10BASE5 segment.


10BASE5, Network design and installation
Transceiver nodes can be connected to cable segments with N connectors, or via a vampire tap, which allows new nodes to be added while existing connections are live. A vampire tap clamps onto the cable, a hole is drilled through the outer shielding, and a spike is forced to pierce the outer three layers and contact the inner conductor while other spikes bite into the outer braided shield. Care is required to keep the outer shield from touching the spike; installation kits include a "coring tool" to drill through the outer layers and a "braid pick" to clear stray pieces of the outer shield.


10BASE5, Network design and installation
Transceivers should be installed only at precise 2.5-meter intervals. This distance was chosen to not correspond to the signal's wavelength; this ensures that the reflections from multiple taps are not in phase. These suitable points are marked on the cable with black bands. The cable is required to be one continuous run; T-connections are not allowed.


10BASE5, Network design and installation
As is the case with most other high-speed buses, segments must be terminated at each end. For coaxial-cable-based Ethernet, each end of the cable has a 50 ohm resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a male N connector and attached to the cable's end just past the last device. With termination missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the signal on the bus will be reflected, rather than dissipated when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision and prevents communication.


10BASE5, Disadvantages
Adding new stations to the network is complicated by the need to pierce the cable accurately. The cable is stiff and difficult to bend around corners. One improper connection can take down the whole network and finding the source of the trouble is difficult.


10BROAD36
10BROAD36 is an obsolete computer network standard in the Ethernet family. It was developed during the 1980s and specified in IEEE 802.3b-1985.


10BROAD36
The standard supports 10 Mbit/s Ethernet signals over standard 75 ohm cable television (CATV) cable over a 3600-meter range. 10BROAD36 modulates its data onto a higher frequency carrier signal, much as an audio signal would modulate a carrier signal to be transmitted in a radio station. In telecommunications engineering, this is a broadband signaling technique. Broadband provides several advantages over the baseband signal used, for instance in 10BASE5. Range is greatly extended (3600 meters, versus 500 meters for 10BASE5), and multiple signals can be carried on the same cable. 10BROAD36 can even share a cable with standard television channels.


10BROAD36, Standardization
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standards committee IEEE 802 published the standard that was ratified in 1985 as an additional section 11 to the base Ethernet standard. It was also issued as ISO/IEC 8802-3 in 1989.


10BROAD36, Deployment
10BROAD36 was less successful than its contemporaries because of the high equipment complexity (and cost) associated with it. The individual stations are much more expensive due to the extra radio frequency circuitry involved; however the primary extra complexity comes from the fact that 10BROAD36 is unidirectional. Signals can only travel one direction along the line, so head-end stations must be present on the line to repeat the signals (ensuring that no packets travel through the line indefinitely) on either another, backwards direction frequency on the same line, or another line entirely. This also increases latency and prevents bidirectional signal flow.


10BROAD36, Deployment
The extra complexity outweighed the advantage of reusability of CATV technology for the intended campus networks and metropolitan area networks. An installer at Boston University using the Ungermann-Bass product noted that no installers understood both the digital and analog aspects of the system. In wide area networks it was quickly replaced by fiber-optic communication alternatives, such as 100BASE-FX (which provided ten times the data rate). Interest in cable modems was revived for residential Internet access, through later technologies such as the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) in the 1990s.


10G-EPON
The 10 Gbit/s Ethernet Passive Optical Network standard, better known as 10G-EPON allows computer network connections over telecommunication provider infrastructure. The standard supports two configurations: symmetric, operating at 10 Gbit/s data rate in both directions, and asymmetric, operating at 10 Gbit/s in the downstream (provider to customer) direction and 1 Gbit/s in the upstream direction. It was ratified as IEEE 802.3av standard in 2009. EPON is a type of passive optical network, which is a point-to-multipoint network using passive fiber-optic splitters rather than powered devices for fan-out from hub to customers.


10G-EPON, Standardization
The Ethernet in the first mile task force of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 standards committee published standards that included a passive optical network (PON) variant in 2004. In March 2006, the IEEE 802.3 held a call for interest for a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet PON study group.


10G-EPON, Standardization
According to the CFI materials, representatives from the following companies supported the formation of the study group:Advance/Newhouse Communications, Aeluros, Agilent, Allied Telesyn, Alloptic, Ample Communications, Astar-ODSM, Broadcom, Centillium Communications, China Netcom, China Telecom, Chunghwa Telecom, Cisco Systems, ClariPhy Communications, Conexant Systems, Corecess, Corning, Delta Electronics, ETRI, Fiberxon, FOTEK Optoelectronics, ImmenStar, Infinera, ITRI, KDDI R&D Labs., K-Opticom, Korea Telecom, NEC, OpNext, Picolight, Quake Technologies, Salira Systems, Samsung Electronics, Softbank BB, Teknovus, Teranetics, Texas Instruments, Telecom Malaysia, TranSwitch, UNH-IOL, UTStarcom, Vitesse.


10G-EPON, Standardization
By September 2006, IEEE 802.3 formed the 802.3av 10G-EPON Task Force to produce a draft standard. In September 2009, the IEEE 802 Plenary ratified an amendment to 802.3 to publish 802.3av amendment as the standard IEEE Std 802.3av-2009.


10G-EPON, Standardization
The work on the 10G-EPON was continued by the IEEE P802.3bk Extended EPON Task Force, formed in March 2012. The major goals for this Task Force included adding support for PX30, PX40, PRX40, and PR40 power budget classes to both 1G-EPON and 10G-EPON. The 802.3bk amendment was approved by the IEEE-SA SB in August 2013 and published soon thereafter as the standard IEEE Std 802.3bk-2013. On June 4, 2020, the IEEE approved IEEE 802.3ca, which allows for symmetric or asymmetric operation with downstream speeds of 25 Gbit/s or 50 Gbit/s, and upstream speeds of 10 Gbit/s, 25 Gbit/s, or 50 Gbit/s over the same power-distance-splitter budgets.


10G-EPON, Architecture, Symmetric (10/10G-EPON)
Symmetric-rate 10/10G-EPON supports both transmit and receive data paths operating at 10 Gbit/s. The main driver for 10/10G-EPON was to provide adequate downstream and upstream bandwidth to support multi-family residential building (known in the standard as Multi Dwelling Unit or MDU) customers. When deployed in the MDU configuration, one EPON Optical Network Unit (ONU) may be connected to up to a thousand subscribers.


10G-EPON, Architecture, Symmetric (10/10G-EPON)
The 10/10G-EPON employs a number of functions that are common to other point-to-point Ethernet standards. For example, such functions as 64B/66B line coding, self-synchronizing scrambler, or gearbox are also used in optical fiber types of 10 Gigabit Ethernet links.


10G-EPON, Architecture, Asymmetric (10/1G-EPON)
The asymmetric 10/1G-EPON appear less challenging than the symmetric option, as this specification relies on fairly mature technologies. The upstream transmission is identical to that of the 1G-EPON (as specified in IEEE standard 802.3ah), using deployed burst-mode optical transceivers. The downstream transmission, which uses continuous-mode optics, will rely on the maturity of 10 Gbit/s point-to-point Ethernet devices.


10G-EPON, Architecture, Efficiency
Like all EPON networks, 10G-EPON transmits data in variable-length packets up to 1518 bytes, as specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard. These variable-length packets are better suited to IP traffic than the fixed-length, 53-byte cells used by other Passive Optical Networks, such as GPON. This can significantly reduce 10G-EPON's overhead in comparison to other systems. Typical 10G-EPON overhead is approximately 7.42%. Typical GPON overhead is 13.22%. This high data-to-overhead ratio also enables high utilization with low-cost optical components.


10G-EPON, Architecture, Power budgets
The 802.3av defines several power budgets, denoted either PR or PRX. PRX power budget describes asymmetric–rate PHY for PON operating at 10 Gbit/s downstream and 1 Gbit/s upstream. PR power budget describes symmetric–rate PHY for PON operating at 10 Gbit/s downstream and 10 Gbit/s upstream. Each power budget is further identified with a numeric representation of its class, where value of 10 represents low power budget, value of 20 represents medium power budget, and value of 30 represents high power budget. The 802.3av draft standard defines the following power budgets:


10G-EPON, Architecture, Power budgets
The 802.3bk added support for a new 10/10G-EPON and 10/1G-EPON power class for PR or PRX PMDs, respectively, as shown below:


10G-EPON, Architecture, Forward error correction
The 10G-EPON employs a stream-based forward error correction (FEC) mechanism based on Reed-Solomon(255, 223). The FEC is mandatory for all channels operating at 10 Gbit/s rate, i.e., both downstream and upstream channels in symmetric 10 Gbit/s EPON and the downstream channel in the 10/1 Gbit/s asymmetric EPON. Upstream channel in the asymmetric EPON is the same as in 1 Gbit/s EPON, an optional frame-based FEC using Reed-Solomon(255, 239).


10G-EPON, Architecture, Usable bandwidth
10G-EPON uses 64B/66B line coding, thus encoding overhead is just 3.125% compared to 25% encoding overhead that 1G-EPON has due to its use of 8b/10b encoding. The usable bandwidth in 10G-EPON is 10 Gbit/s out of a raw bandwidth of 10.3125 Gbit/s.


10G-EPON, Backward compatibility
The 10G-EPON standard defines a new physical layer, keeping the MAC, MAC Control and all the layers above unchanged to the greatest extent possible. This means that users of 10G-EPON can expect backward compatibility of network management system (NMS), PON-layer operations, administrations, and maintenance (OAM) system, DBA and scheduling, and so on.


10G-EPON, Backward compatibility, Coexistence with 1G-EPON
The 802.3av standard places significant emphasis on enabling simultaneous operation of 1 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s EPON systems on the same outside plant. In the downstream direction, the 1 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s channels are separated in the wavelength domain, with 1 Gbit/s transmission limited to 1480–1500 nm band and 10 Gbit/s transmission using 1575–1580 nm band.


10G-EPON, Backward compatibility, Coexistence with 1G-EPON
In the upstream direction, the 1 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s bands overlap. 1 Gbit/s band spreads from 1260 to 1360 nm; 10 Gbit/s band uses 1260 to 1280 nm band. This allows both upstream channels to share spectrum region characterized by low chromatic dispersion, but requires the 1 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s channels to be separated in time domain. Since burst transmissions from different ONUs now may have different line rates, this method is termed dual-rate TDMA.


10G-EPON, Backward compatibility, Coexistence with 1G-EPON
Various OLT implementations may support 1 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s transmissions only downstream direction, only upstream direction, or in both downstream and upstream directions. The following table illustrates which ONU types are simultaneously supported by various OLT implementations:


10G-PON
10G-PON (also known as XG-PON) is a 2010 computer networking standard for data links, capable of delivering shared Internet access rates up to 10 Gbit/s (gigabits per second) over existing dark fiber. This is the ITU-T's next generation standard following on from GPON or Gigabit-capable PON. Optical fibre is shared by many subscribers in a network known as FTTx in a way that centralises most of the telecommunications equipment, often displacing copper phone lines that connect premises to the phone exchange. Passive optical network (PON) architecture has become a cost-effective way to meet performance demands in access networks, and sometimes also in large optical local networks for "Fibre-to-the-desk".


10G-PON
Passive optical networks are used for the "Fibre-to-the-home" or "Fibre-to-the-premises" last mile with splitters that connect each central transmitter to many subscribers. The 10 Gbit/s shared capacity is the downstream speed broadcast to all users connected to the same PON, and the 2.5 Gbit/s upstream speed uses multiplexing techniques to prevent data frames from interfering with each other. Users have a network device that converts optical signals to the signals used in building wiring, such as Ethernet and wired analogue plain old telephone service. XGS-PON is a related technology that can deliver upstream and downstream (symmetrical) speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s (gigabits per second).


10G-PON, User applications and demand
As demand for network speed continues to grow, so new and faster technologies are spawned from the existing standards. 10G-PON is the next generation ultra-fast capability for G-PON providers, designed to coexist with installed G-PON user equipment on the same network; an example of Nielsen's law predicting demand for data downloads to double every year. The ITU-T completed parts of the standard in 2010. 10G-PON may initially find uses in connecting fibre nodes within multi-tenant units and commercial buildings.


10G-PON, User applications and demand
Triple play services over IP of video, data and voice are often cited as driving user demand for heavier usage of broadband that justifies PON investment. While RF overlay has been popular in some countries and minimises congestion caused by usage of video services, the convergence of HDTV and IPTV, and the growth in internet cloud services could create demand for bandwidth that exceeds the capacity of gigabit services in future. Teleworking and video conferencing are other applications demanding such triple play capabilities.


10G-PON, User applications and demand
Examples of bandwidth-intensive applications include IPTV, video-conferencing, interactive video, online interactive gaming, peer-to-peer networking, karaoke-on-demand, IP video surveillance, and cloud applications where remote storage and computing resources provide online service on demand to users with thin-client local systems. Cloud applications could take advantage of in-country content hosting, and 10GPON may encourage explosive development of innovative services that become feasible as users move to faster connections.


10G-PON, User applications and demand
Business continuity systems may also take advantage of 10GPON to enable cost-effective real-time backup/recovery/replication of critical business systems across multiple sites. Other businesses may just need to connect several sites as a virtual private network, effectively a virtual office, or may have e-commerce services that require business partners to have sufficient connectivity for constant database access.


10G-PON, User applications and demand
Many of these applications are already growing in both popularity and demand for bandwidth.


10G-PON, Standards
Asymmetric 10G-PON is specified as XG-PON1: 10 Gbit/s downstream and 2.5 Gbit/s upstream (nominal line rate of 9.95328 Gbit/s downstream and 2.48832 Gbit/s upstream).


10G-PON, Standards
Symmetric 10G-PON is also proposed as XG-PON2 with 10 Gbit/s upstream, but would require more expensive burst-mode lasers on optical network terminals (ONTs) to deliver the upstream transmission speed. Another symmetric 10G-PON standard is XGS-PON (ITU-T G.9807.1, approved 2016-06-22).


10G-PON, Standards
Framing is "G-PON like" but uses different wavelengths from G-PON (using a WDM to separate them) so that G-PON subscribers can be upgraded to 10G-PON incrementally while GPON users continue on the original OLT. The G-PON standard is G.984. This compares to the IEEE 802.3av standard for 10G-EPON based on Ethernet, which has standardised upstream rates of both 1Gbit/s and 10Gbit/s. The 10 Gigabit PON wavelengths (1577 nm down / 1270 nm up) differ from GPON and EPON (1490 nm down /1310 nm up), allowing it to coexist on the same fibre with either of the Gigabit PONs.


10G-PON, Standards, G.987
ITU-T Recommendation G.987 is a family that defines this access network standard (referred to as XG-PON). It comprises four recommendations:


10G-PON, Standards, G.988
There is also a companion ITU-T standard defining a management and control interface for administering optical network units, referred to by the G.987 recommendations.


10G-PON, ONU equipment
The optical network unit (ONU) supplies network services from the PON to customer premises, connecting customer-premises equipment such as a home gateway or office firewall. An optical network terminal (ONT) is an ONU that functions as a demarcation point servicing a single subscriber; e.g., a dwelling or office. ONU devices supply Ethernet and possibly other services to the users, either directly (by bridging) or through a gateway device such as a residential gateway, firewall, and/or router, POTS, CATV signals to buildings wired for RF video, and some may even be compatible with the emerging G.hn home networking standard.


10G-PON, ONU equipment
The ONU receives the downstream data from the Internet or private networks, and also uses time slots allocated by the OLT to send the upstream traffic in burst-mode. TDMA time slots prevent collisions with upstream traffic from other users sharing the same physical PON.


10G-PON, ONU equipment
Fibre-to-the-cell site is another emerging application, but has extra synchronisation requirements. A specialised Cellular Backhaul Unit (CBU) can provide PON access for cellular networks.


10G-PON, OLT and access nodes
The OLT (Optical Line Terminal) connects the PON to aggregated backhaul uplinks, allocates time slots for ONUs and ONTs to transmit upstream data, and transmits shared downstream data in broadcast-mode over the PON to users. Since 10GPON is designed to coexist with GPON devices, migration to a 10GPON capability could be done by upgrading the OLT and then migrating individual ONUs as needed.


10G-PON, OLT and access nodes
Normally the OLT is on a card that slots into a chassis at the Central Office (CO), which uses special uplink cards for Ethernet backhaul to the telecommunications provider's network and internet. Uplink cards on access equipment will likely use multiple Ethernet interfaces, although it remains to be seen what uplink speeds manufacturers will offer to support 10GPON access. Locating OLTs in outside plant cabinets may be an option for reach extension as a way to minimise the number of central offices covering low population density areas.


10G-PON, OLT and access nodes
ITU and IEEE are planning for convergence of their specifications at the physical layer in 10G that would allow for the shared chips, optics and hardware platforms, thus driving cost reductions for hardware manufacturers.


10G-PON, Optical distribution network
PON Optical Distribution Networks use single mode optical fibre in the outside plant, optical splitters and optical distribution frames, duplexed so that both upstream and downstream share the same fibre on separate wavelengths. 10G-PON is no exception with similar reach to previous standards but supporting a higher split ratio of 128 users per PON, or more using reach extenders/amplifiers. Optical splitters creating a point to multipoint topology are also the same technology as those used by other PON systems. This means any PON network should be upgradable by changing the ONT and OLT terminals at each end, with no change to the fibre itself unless different connectors are chosen.


10G-PON, Optical distribution network
"An Optical Distribution Network (ODN) being installed today will likely need to support four or more generations of PON over its expected 30 – 40 year life... The fibre should enable maximum flexibility to support any potential new PON technology, be protected with proven, reliable cabling making it easy to install and reliable, and be joined by advanced, low labor and low loss connectivity. The cost of the ODN materials (fibre, cable, and connectivity) at only about 8% comprises a surprisingly small portion of the total network cost."


10G-PON, Optical distribution network
In an effort to extend the reach with support for 128 splits, the standard supports a range of optical budgets from 29 dB to 31 dB. A draft update to the standard is expected to further extend this to 33 dB and 35 dB budget classifications. A PON with a 35 dB optical budget could span 25 km or more and be shared/split among 128 subscribers.


10G-PON, Optical distribution network
Some ONTs can receive a broad range of optical spectrum from 1480 nm to 1580 nm, so making the 10G-PON downstream signal visible to G-PON receivers. As a result, ONTs must block the unwanted downstream signals with a wavelength blocking filter (WBF), a small passive optical device.


10K Plan
The 10K Plan was an urban planning doctrine for Downtown Oakland to attract 10,000 new residents to the city's downtown and Jack London Square areas.


10K Plan, History
As Oakland Mayor, Jerry Brown continued his predecessor Elihu Harris' public policy of supporting downtown housing development in the area defined as the Central Business District in Oakland's 1998 General Plan.


10K Plan, History
Brown believed that downtown area should attract people who leave it at the end of their workday.


10K Plan, History
Since Brown worked toward the stated goal of bringing an additional 10,000 residents to Downtown Oakland, his plan became known as "10K." It has resulted in redevelopment projects in the Jack London District, where Brown purchased and later sold an industrial warehouse which he used as a personal residence, and in the Lakeside Apartments District near Lake Merritt, where two infill projects were proposed and approved. The 10k plan has touched the historic Old Oakland district, the Chinatown district, the Uptown district, and Downtown.


10K Plan, History
An Uptown Project, had been criticized in the press for diverting over $60 million in affordable housing to fund luxury housing units, built by Forest City Enterprises.


10K Plan, History
In 2010, The New York Times reported that the 10K plan was still incomplete nearly 4 years after Brown left Oakland. At the time of writing, the city completed just 3,549 units from projects approved during the Brown years.


10K Plan, History
In March 2014, Mayor Jean Quan announced her own 10K plan.


10K resolution
10K resolution is any of a number of horizontal display resolutions of around ten-thousand pixels, usually double that of 5K resolutions: 9,600 or 10,240 pixels. Unlike 4K and 8K, it is not part of UHDTV broadcast standards. The first devices available featured ultra-wide "21:9" screens with the vertical resolution of 8K, which has a native 16:9 aspect ratio.


10K resolution, History
On June 5, 2015, Chinese manufacturer BOE showed a 10K display with an aspect ratio of 64:27 (≈21:9) and a resolution of 10240 × 4320.


10K resolution, History
In November 2016, the Consumer Technology Association published CTA-861-G, an update to their standard for digital video transmission formats. This revision added support for 10240 × 4320, a 10K resolution with an aspect ratio of 64:27 (≈21:9), at up to 120 Hz.


10K resolution, History
On January 4, 2017, HDMI version 2.1 was officially announced, and was later released on November 28, 2017. HDMI 2.1 includes support for all the formats listed in the CTA-861-G standard, including 10K (10240 × 4320) at up to 120 Hz. HDMI 2.1 specifies a new Ultra High Speed HDMI cable which supports a bandwidth of up to 48 Gbit/s. Display Stream Compression (DSC) 1.2a is used for video formats higher than 8K resolution with 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.


10K resolution, Cameras
As of 2021, there are multiple companies producing photo cameras capable of 10K and higher resolutions, such as Phase One, Fujifilm, Hasselblad, and Sony. Other companies also create sensors capable of 10K resolution, though they are mostly not available to the general public, and are often used for scientific or industrial purposes.


10K resolution, Cameras
Blackmagic Design is the only company producing a video camera capable of filming in resolutions 10K or higher with their URSA Mini Pro 12K.


10K run
The 10K run is a long-distance road running competition over a distance of ten kilometres (6.2 miles). Also referred to as the 10K road race, 10 km, or simply 10K, it is one of the most common types of road running event, alongside the shorter 5K and longer half marathon and marathon. It is usually distinguished from the 10,000 metres track running event by stating the distance in kilometres, rather than metres.


10K run
As one of the shortest common road distances, many 10K races attract high levels of public participation. Among the largest 10K races, the Peachtree Road Race in Atlanta, United States had over 55,000 participants in 2011 while the Vancouver Sun Run and Bolder Boulder both had close to 50,000 runners. The popularity of 10K races lies in the fact that, for most adults, the 10K distance is long enough to represent a challenge but short enough to remain accessible for an untrained runner.


10K run
Most popular 10K races are an annual fixture in a city or area and typically incorporate an element of charity running, where participants raise funds for a cause, based upon their completion of the course. Members of the public may take part in the races as a competition or simply for pleasure as a fun run. Some races also allow wheelchair racers to enter. Traditional New Year's Day races in Europe (Silvesterlauf) are often held over 10K.


10K run
The accessibility of the distance, and road running in general, has meant that local governments and health charities often form partnerships with races as a way of promoting physical fitness among the general public. Medical organisations, fitness groups, drinks manufacturers and sportswear companies are typical commercial sponsors of 10K events.


10K run
The 10-kilometre metric distance has been used for road running events for a large portion of the modern era of athletics – the Běchovice–Prague race is one of the longest-running events over the distance, having first been held in 1897. In Western countries using imperial measurements, the 6-mile run (9.7 km) was once more prevalent, but many long-running events (such as the Cincinnati Thanksgiving Day Race and Saltwell Road Race) have adapted their courses to match the metric distance.


10K run, Professional 10K running
At the professional level, there are many races which offer significant prize money to athletes who achieve a high finishing position in the race. At the highest level, annual prize money can total over US$100,000 at races such as the World's Best 10K, Peachtree Road Race, Apryle Showers Run - Florida's Fastest 10K and World 10K Bangalore.


10K run, Professional 10K running
The 10K road distance has never featured on the event programmes of the Athletics at the Summer Olympics or the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. However, it did briefly have its own individual championship for women in the form of the IAAF World Women's Road Race Championships, which was contested over ten kilometres in 1983 and 1984. As a result, the highest level 10K road competitions occur at individual races run by race promoters, who attract elite international level runners through prize money and appearance fees. These types of races are held in all parts of the world, but the highest calibre races are mainly concentrated in the United States, Canada, Europe and East Asia.


10K run, Professional 10K running
The world records for the 10K road distance are 26:24 minutes for men (Rhonex Kipruto, 2020) and 29:43 minutes for women (Joyciline Jepkosgei, 2017). Performances over ten kilometres on the roads were not recognised as world records by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) until 2003 and instead the fastest times were referred to as "world bests". This changed in August 2003 when the IAAF Congress approved world record status for a number of specified road distances, including the 10 km.


10K run, Professional 10K running
As with other forms of professional long-distance running, East African athletes have been dominant in the 10K distance since the 1990s. As of January 2020, all ten of the fastest male 10K runners are East African (five of them Kenyan), while nine of the top ten female runners are Kenyan.


10K run, All-time top 25, Men, Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 27:23:


10K run, All-time top 25, Women, Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 30:43:


10K run, All-time top 25, Women, Other bests en route or on aided road course equal or superior to 30:43
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 30:43:


10K run world record progression
The following tables show the progression of world bests and world records in the 10K run, as recognised by the IAAF. The 10K run was introduced as a world record event in 2003.


10K, la década robada
10K, la década robada (Spanish: 10K, the stolen decade) is a 2014 Argentine book written by Jorge Lanata. The name makes reference to Kirchnerism, described by its supporters as "the earned decade"; the letter K is usually used as a symbol of the political movement.


10K, la década robada, Content
Lanata wrote the book detailing things that he had seen during the regimes of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. He detailed issues that were overlooked before their presidencies, such as the strong state interventionism during Kirchner's rule of the Santa Cruz Province. He also commented that he did not mention his suspicions about the corruption charges over the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo before the Schoklender scandal because of respect for their careers. He also included info about The Route of the K-Money scandal, and his view over the ongoing development of the case. He also details the attempts of the government to manipulate the media.


10Kh
10Kh was the designation for the initial series of Soviet Union pulse jet engine powered air-launched cruise missiles, reverse engineered from the Fieseler Fi 103 (V-1) flying bomb, developed in the 1950s by OKB-52 under the leadership of Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej (Chelomey) and cancelled in the same decade.


10Kh, History
Reports of the German V-1 flying bomb attacks on London prompted Stalin to initiate a programme to develop a Soviet equivalent, commencing in June 1944. Vladimir Chelomey, who had been working on pulse jet engines, was assigned to the project in October 1944 and given control of OKB-52. The programme was assisted by the partial recovery of a V-1 by Soviet forces at the Blizna test range in Poland. The initial V-1 copy was called 10Kh and later Izdeliye 10 ("Article 10"). Serial production was scheduled to commence in March 1945 with 100 per month, increasing to 450 per month later that year.


10Kh, History
By the end of 1944 the development of the D-3 pulse engine that propelled the 10Kh was at the prototype stage and the first production 10Kh was ready on 5 February 1945. As no launching ramps had been constructed, the first test was an air launch from a Petlyakov Pe-8 heavy bomber on 20 March 1945, near Tashkent. By 25 July, 66 missiles had been launched, of which 44 transitioned to autonomous flight, 22 of these reaching the range target and 20 maintaining the required heading. A batch of improved 10Kh (Izdeliye 30) were constructed with wooden wings, and 73 more air launches were performed in December 1948. A ground-launched variant called the 10KhN was also tested in 1948, which used rocket-assisted take-off from a ramp.


10Kh, History
The purpose of the first tests was to determine the feasibility of dropping the 10Kh missile from an aircraft in flight and ignite the pulse jet about 100 m (330 ft) below the mother-ship, but only six out of 22 missiles did so correctly. The second, more successful series of tests, achieved a success rate of 12 out of the 22 launched. The final tests were conducted to determine precision  and effectiveness; six of 18 missiles launched impacted the target, and three detonated successfully, from four launched to determine effectiveness.


10Love
10Love (released on September 27, 2006) is J-pop artist Mayumi Iizuka's tenth album. The disc contains ten songs.


10Love, Exposition
This album is composed by ten people including HoshiMai (星舞), the pen name of Mayumi Iizuka.


10P/Tempel
10P/Tempel, also known as Tempel 2, is a periodic Jupiter-family comet with a 5 year orbital period. It was discovered on July 4, 1873 by Wilhelm Tempel. The next perihelion passage is 24 March 2021 when the comet will have a solar elongation of 30 degrees at approximately apparent magnitude 11. Closest approach to Earth during the 2021 passage will not occur until many months later on 3 November 2021 at a distance of 1.6 AU (240 million km).


10P/Tempel
The comet nucleus is estimated to be roughly the size of Halley's Comet at 10.6 kilometers in diameter with a low albedo of 0.022. The nucleus is dark because hydrocarbons on the surface have been converted to a dark, tar like substance by solar ultraviolet radiation. The nucleus is large enough that even near aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun which is near the orbit of Jupiter) the comet remains brighter than about magnitude 21.


10P/Tempel
During the 2010 apparition the comet brightened to about apparent magnitude 8. The most favorable apparition of 10P/Tempel 2 was in 1925 when it came within 0.35 AU (52 million km; 33 million mi) of Earth with an apparent magnitude of 6.5. On August 3, 2026, comet Tempel 2 will have another close pass within about 0.41 AU (61 million km; 38 million mi) of Earth.


10TP
The 10TP was a Polish light cruiser tank that never left the prototype status. While advancing the Polish armour development programme, the prototype was deemed unsuccessful. Discoveries made during testing led to the design phase of the newer 14TP model, which was never completed due to the onset of World War II.


10TP
The 10TP prototype itself was of an original design implementing some general ideas suggested by John Walter Christie but also many new technical solutions.


10TP, History
At the end of the 1920s, the Polish Armed Forces felt that they needed a new tank model. The Wojskowy Instytut Badań Inżynierii, WIBI ("Military Institute of Engineering Research") sent Captain Ruciński to the United States to legally acquire a Christie M1928 tank, its blueprints and license production rights. The tank was to be used as a base for a new Polish light tank. The Poles however never received the machine and Christie, fearing legal charges, refunded the purchase.


10TP, History
Due to this failure to purchase the master model and the possible license, at the end of 1930 the WIBI Tank Design Bureau began preliminary design work on their own wheeled/tracked tank, based on the Christie M1928 and the Christie M1931  known under the working name "A la Christie".


10TP, History
The work was based on available data and advertising leaflets as well as notes and sketches that Captain Ruciński obtained from Christie. In 1932 the design drawings and a list of details were ready but soon the work slowed down because the designers were put in charge of a just-bought British Vickers Mark E tank that led to the 7TP light tank which was developed soon after.


10TP, History
At the end of 1934, because of the liquidation of WIBI and establishing of the Design and Testing Centre of the Armoured Forces reporting directly to the Armoured Forces Command, most of the "A la Christie" project documentation was destroyed under the supervision of a special commission. Only a few hand-written notes and calculations were left.


10TP, History
On 10 March 1935 design work on a new model called 10TP was started. Major Rudolf Gundlach headed the design team consisting of, among the others, engineers Jan Łapuszewski, Stefan Ołdakowski, Mieczysław Staszewski, Kazimierz Hejnowicz and process engineer Jerzy Napiórkowski.


10TP, History
Despite the fact that in 1936 the vehicle design was not completely finished, it was included in the programme of Armoured Forces that was a part of a general projection of growth and upgrade for the Polish Army for 1936-1942. This programme was approved by the Armament and Equipment Committee (Komitet do spraw Uzbrojenia i Sprzętu, KSUS) in January 1936. The 10TP tank was specified on the list of the equipment scheduled to equip four tank battalions in the new motorised units.


10TP, History
Assembly of the first tank prototype was commenced in 1937 in the Experimental Workshop (WD) located within the area of the State Engineering Plants (PZInż.) Factory in Ursus near Warsaw, where all Polish tanks were produced during 1931-1939. The work was supervised by Captain Kazimierz Grüner. At the same time two motorised cavalry brigades were formed with the intention that they would be equipped with the tank.


10TP, History
Building of the tank was completed in July 1938. It took so much time because some basic assemblies that were not produced in Poland had to be acquired abroad - for instance an engine of sufficient power. It was not before 16 August that the 10TP tank rolled out for a first longer ride. It was driven by an experienced military specialist Sergeant Polinarek under the personal supervision of the Chief of the Trial and Experiment Department in the Bureau of Technical Studies on Armored Weapons (Biuro Badań Technicznych Broni Pancernych, BBT Br.Panc.) Captain Leon Czekalski. The trials were kept secret because the activities of the German Abwehr and the members of the "Fifth Column" were then getting more and more intensive in Poland.


10TP, History
Further trials were stopped by minor faults until 30 September and then the tank was sent to the WD where design modifications were made. On 16 January 1939 the tank was tested, under supervision of its chief designer, along a short distance trip to Łowicz and in the spring, between 22 and 25 April, it went beyond Grodno, traveling a total distance of 610 km.


10TP, History
After this trip, during which nearly 2,000 km (1,200 mi) were logged, the vehicle was sent back to the WD where it was nearly completely stripped down to check the wear on particular parts and assemblies, identify causes of malfunctions and to repair the damage. In May, the refurbished tank was demonstrated to generals and other top ranking military authorities.


10TP, History
The designers, having analysed their experiences came to the conclusion that a tank of this type should be a purely tracked vehicle and any equipment needed for driving it on wheels was just an unnecessary weight. Getting rid of this weight allowed them to increase the armour thickness significantly while vehicle weight remained unchanged. Thus another development step of the 10TP was to be the 14TP tank. Its construction was started in the end of 1938 but it was not completed due to the war.


10TP, History
Before the tank could enter mass production, the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 ended the independent existence of the Second Polish Republic.


10TP, Design
The 10TP tank had a wide hull that made it possible to put two members of the crew inside side by side, a front machine gun and a two-man turret. A solution to the problem of driving the vehicle both on wheels and tracks followed the American design, however Polish designers developed new, wider tracks, drive sprockets and a way of link hooking and moving. The tank steering system using hydraulic servomechanisms was their own advanced solution significantly affecting combat performance of the whole vehicle.


10TV
10TV is a 24-hour regional Telugu news channel started in March 2013. K. Nageshwar was the chairman of its advisory board till 2014. He left 10TV to become the editor of the Hans India in November 2014. It is first cooperative news channel with more than 150,000 shareholders   which includes agricultural workers, daily wage workers, workers from the unorganised sector, industrial workers, teachers and middle class organisations in India. This is the first initiative of its kind in the world.


10UNDER2
10UNDER2 is an EP by Jaymay. Each of the ten songs on this EP is less than two minutes long, giving the EP its title.


10UNDER2
"Climb Up The Ladder" is the theme song of the 2012 political drama series Chasing The Hill.


10^16 to 1
"1016 to 1" is a science fiction novelette by American writer James Patrick Kelly, first published in 1999. It was the winner of the 2000 Hugo Award for Best Novelette and was also nominated for the 2000 Locus award and Asimov's Reader Poll.


10^16 to 1, Plot summary
The story follows Ray Beaumont, a 12-year-old boy living in New York during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. During the Cold War tensions of the time, Ray meets Cross, a man he believes is from the future. He offers Cross a temporary place to stay in his family’s back yard bomb shelter and proceeds to acquire the items necessary for Cross's mission. When he doesn't tell his parents about Cross, and comes home one afternoon to find that his mother has discovered an intruder in the bomb shelter, events quickly spiral out of control and Ray becomes convinced that he is the only one able to prevent World War III.


10bet
10bet is an online gambling company founded in 2003. It offers sports betting, casino and live casino. 10bet has over 1 million registered customers and it is licensed by the Gambling Commission.


10bet, Overview
Founded in 2003, 10bet is regulated by Malta Gaming Authority and operated by Ocean Star Limited. The Great Britain business is licensed by Gambling Commission. The Swedish business is licensed by the Swedish Gambling Authority. The company also holds a Remote Bookmaker's Licence in the Republic of Ireland.


10bet, Overview, Sponsorship
On July 18, 2018, 10bet was announced as Official Principal Sponsor of EFL Championship club Blackburn Rovers. The 10bet logo appears on the front of the new Blackburn kit for the 2018/19 season.


10bet, Overview, Sponsorship
On July 25, 2018, 10bet was announced as Official Betting Partner of EFL Championship club West Bromwich Albion The 10bet logo appears on the back of the West Brom shirt for the 2018/19 season.


10bet, Overview, Sponsorship
In September 2019, 10bet became Juventus' official gaming and betting partner. During the multi-year deal, 10bet have developed promotional content and marketing activities for Juventus fans, including an advert with Juventus players such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Aaron Ramsey, Gonzalo Higuain, Blaise Matuidi and Sami Khedira.


10bet, Awards
In 2019, 10bet won Fresh Awards for design and branding. The same year, 10bet won Graphis design award.


10cc
10cc are an English rock band, formed in Stockport, England, in 1972. The group initially consisted of four musicians – Graham Gouldman, Eric Stewart, Kevin Godley and Lol Creme – who had written and recorded together since 1968. The group featured two songwriting teams. Stewart and Gouldman were predominantly pop songwriters, who created most of the band's accessible songs. Godley and Creme were the predominantly experimental half of 10cc, featuring art and cinematically-inspired writing.


10cc
Every member of 10cc was a multi-instrumentalist, singer, writer and producer. Most of the band's records were recorded at their own Strawberry Studios (North) in Stockport and Strawberry Studios (South) in Dorking, with most of those engineered by Stewart.


10cc
From 1972 to 1978, 10cc had five consecutive UK top-ten albums: Sheet Music (1974), The Original Soundtrack (1975), How Dare You! (1976), Deceptive Bends (1977) and Bloody Tourists (1978). They also had twelve singles reach the UK Top 40, three of which were the chart-toppers "Rubber Bullets" (1973), "I'm Not in Love" (1975) and "Dreadlock Holiday" (1978). "I'm Not in Love" was their breakthrough worldwide hit and is known for its innovative backing track. Godley and Creme quit the band in 1976 due to artistic disagreements and became a duo act. Stewart left the band in 1995. Since 1999, Gouldman has led a touring version of 10cc.


10cc, First collaborations
Three of the founding members of 10cc were childhood friends in the Manchester area. As boys, Godley and Creme knew each other; Gouldman and Godley attended the same secondary school and their musical enthusiasm led to playing at the local Jewish Lads' Brigade.


10cc, First collaborations, 1964–1969: Early bands
Their first recorded collaboration was in 1964, when Gouldman's band The Whirlwinds recorded the Lol Creme composition "Baby Not Like You", as the B-side of their only single, "Look At Me". The Whirlwinds then changed members and name, becoming The Mockingbirds (including singer-guitarist Gouldman, bassist Bernard Basso and drummer Kevin Godley, formerly of The Sabres with Creme). The Mockingbirds recorded five singles in 1965–66 without any success, before dissolving. The guitarist in both The Whirlwinds and The Mockingbirds was Stephen Jacobson, brother of well-known writer Howard Jacobson.


10cc, First collaborations, 1964–1969: Early bands
In June 1967, Godley and Creme reunited and recorded a solitary single ("Seeing Things Green" b/w "Easy Life" on UK CBS) under the name "The Yellow Bellow Room Boom". In 1969, Gouldman took them to a Marmalade Records recording session. The boss, Giorgio Gomelsky, was impressed with Godley's falsetto voice and offered them a recording contract. In September 1969, Godley & Creme recorded some basic tracks at Strawberry Studios, with Stewart on guitar and Gouldman on bass. The song, "I'm Beside Myself" b/w "Animal Song", was issued as a single, credited to Frabjoy and Runcible Spoon.


10cc, First collaborations, 1964–1969: Early bands
Gomelsky (an ex-manager of The Yardbirds) planned to market Godley & Creme as a duo, in the vein of Simon & Garfunkel. Plans for an album by Frabjoy and Runcible Spoon faltered, however, when Marmalade ran out of funds. Solo tracks by Godley and Gouldman, however - both involved Stewart and Creme – were released on a 1969 Marmalade Records compilation album, 100 Proof. Gouldman's track was "The Late Mr. Late"; a year later, Godley's song "To Fly Away" reappeared as "Fly Away", in the debut Hotlegs album, Thinks: School Stinks.


10cc, First collaborations, 1964–1969: Early bands
Gouldman, meanwhile, had made a name for himself as a hit songwriter, penning "Heart Full of Soul", "Evil Hearted You" and "For Your Love" for The Yardbirds, "Look Through Any Window" and "Bus Stop" for The Hollies and "No Milk Today", "East West" and "Listen People" for Herman's Hermits.


10cc, First collaborations, 1965–1968: The Mindbenders
Meanwhile, the fourth future member of 10cc was also tasting significant pop music success: guitarist Eric Stewart was a member of Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders, a group that hit No.1 with "The Game of Love", and scored a number of other mid-1960s hits. When Fontana left the band in October 1965, the group became known simply as The Mindbenders, with Stewart as their lead vocalist. The band scored a hit with "A Groovy Kind of Love" (released December 1965) and made an appearance in the 1967 film To Sir, with Love with "It's Getting Harder All the Time" and "Off and Running."


10cc, First collaborations, 1965–1968: The Mindbenders
In March 1968, Gouldman joined Stewart in The Mindbenders, replacing bassist Bob Lang and playing on some tour dates. Gouldman wrote two of the band's last three singles, "Schoolgirl" (released November 1967) and "Uncle Joe the Ice Cream Man" (August 1968). Those singles did not chart and The Mindbenders broke up after a short tour of England in November.


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
In the dying days of The Mindbenders, Stewart began recording demos of new material at Inner City Studios, a Stockport studio then owned by Peter Tattersall, a former road manager for Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas. In July 1968, Stewart joined Tattersall as a partner in the studio, where he could further hone his skills as a recording engineer. In October 1968, the studio was moved to bigger premises and renamed Strawberry Studios, after The Beatles' "Strawberry Fields Forever".


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
In 1969, Gouldman also began using Strawberry to record demos of songs he was writing for Marmalade. He had become much more in demand as a songwriter than as a performer. By the end of the year, he too was a financial partner in the studios.


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
By 1969, all four members of the original 10cc line-up were working together regularly at Strawberry Studios. Around the same time, noted American bubblegum pop writer-producers Jerry Kasenetz and Jeffry Katz of Super K Productions came to England and commissioned Gouldman to write and produce formulaic bubblegum songs, many of which were recorded at Strawberry Studios, and were either augmented or performed entirely by varying combinations of the future 10cc line-up.


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
Among the recordings from this period was "Sausalito", a No. 86 US hit credited to Ohio Express and released in July 1969. In fact the song featured Gouldman on lead vocal, and vocal and instrumental backing by the other three future 10cc members.


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
In December 1969, Kasenetz and Katz agreed to a proposal by Gouldman that he work solely at Strawberry, rather than move constantly between Stockport, London and New York. Gouldman convinced the pair that these throwaway two-minute songs could all be written, performed and produced by him and his three colleagues, Stewart, Godley and Creme, at a fraction of the cost of hiring outside session musicians. Kasenetz and Katz booked the studio for three months.


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
We did a lot of tracks in a very short time – it was really like a machine. Twenty tracks in about two weeks – a lot of crap really – really shit. We used to do the voices, everything – it saved 'em money. We even did the female backing vocals.


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
The three-month project resulted in a number of tracks that appeared under various band names owned by Kasenetz-Katz, including "There Ain't No Umbopo" by Crazy Elephant, "When He Comes" by Fighter Squadron and "Come on Plane" by Silver Fleet (all three with lead vocals by Godley), and "Susan's Tuba" by Freddie and the Dreamers (which was a monster hit in France and featured lead vocals by Freddie Garrity, despite claims by some that it was Gouldman).


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
Lol Creme remembered: "Singles kept coming out under strange names that had really been recorded by us. I've no idea how many there were, or what happened to them all."


10cc, First collaborations, 1968–1970: Birth of Strawberry Studios; the bubblegum era
But Stewart described the Kasenetz-Katz deal as a breakthrough: "That allowed us to get the extra equipment to turn it into a real studio. To begin with they were interested in Graham's songwriting and when they heard that he was involved in a studio I think they thought the most economical thing for them to do would be to book his studio and then put him to work there – but they ended up recording Graham's songs and then some of Kevin and Lol's songs, and we were all working together."


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
When the three-month production deal with Kasenetz-Katz ended, Gouldman returned to New York to work as a staff songwriter for Super K Productions and the remaining three continued to dabble in the studio.


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
With Gouldman absent, Godley, Creme and Stewart continued recording singles. The first, "Neanderthal Man", released under the name Hotlegs, began life as a test of drum layering at the new Strawberry Studios mixing desk, but when released as a single by Fontana Records in July 1970, climbed to No. 2 in the UK charts and became a worldwide hit, selling more than two million copies. Around the same time, the trio released "Umbopo" under the name of Doctor Father. The song, a slower, longer and more melancholic version of the track earlier released under the name of Crazy Elephant, failed to chart.


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
Reverting to the successful band name Hotlegs, in early 1971 Godley, Creme and Stewart recorded the album Thinks: School Stinks, which included "Neanderthal Man". They then recalled Gouldman for a short tour supporting The Moody Blues, before releasing a follow-up single "Lady Sadie" b/w "The Loser". Philips reworked their sole album, removed "Neanderthal Man" and added "Today" and issued it as Song. Stewart, Creme and Godley released another single in February 1971 under yet another name, The New Wave Band, this time with former Herman's Hermits member Derek "Lek" Leckenby on guitar. The song, a cover version of Paul Simon's "Cecilia", was one of the few tracks the band released that they had not written. It also failed to chart.