1. FC Neukölln, History, Women's department
The team also made three appearances in the Women's DFB-Pokal, in 1989–90, 1991–92 and 1992–93, advancing to the third round in 1992–93 as its best result.


1. FC Normannia Gmünd
1. FC Normannia Gmünd is a German association football club from the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd, Baden-Württemberg.


1. FC Normannia Gmünd, History
The origins of the club go back to the formation of Alemannia Schwäbisch Gmünd on 1 July 1904. This side later merged with Suevia Schwäbisch Gmünd to form 1. FC Normannia. The club managed to reach the tier-one Bezirksliga Württemberg in 1932 and played at this level for one season, before the league was dissolved.


1. FC Normannia Gmünd, History
Normannia took part in second division competition for two seasons in 1942–44 before advancing to the Gauliga Württemberg (I) where they played in the war-shortened 1944–45 season. The club returned to second division play after World War II in 1947 in the Landesliga Württemberg, later the Amateurliga Württemberg, where they would remain until sent down in 1955.


1. FC Normannia Gmünd, History
In 1965 they re-emerged in the Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg (III), capturing the division title, and then taking part in the promotion round playoff for the Regionaliga Süd (II). However, they were unable to advance and spent most of the next ten years in the Amateurliga before slipping to lower-tier competition in 1975. In 1972 Normannia enjoyed a solid run in the national amateur championship, going as far as the semi-finals before being put out by FSV Frankfurt. A regional cup win in 1977 earned the team a place in the 1978 DFB Pokal (German Cup) tournament. They eliminated second division side Fortuna Köln before being eliminated themselves by the second team squad of FC Augsburg.


1. FC Normannia Gmünd, History
After winning the Verbandsliga Württemberg in 2004, the 1. FC played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV) as a lower table side until 2012 when it was relegated again.


1. FC Nürnberg
1. Fußball-Club Nürnberg Verein für Leibesübungen e. V., often called 1. FC Nürnberg (German pronunciation: [ɛfˌtseː ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]) or simply Nürnberg, is a German association football club in Nuremberg, Bavaria, who currently compete in the 2. Bundesliga. Founded in 1900, the club initially competed in the Southern German championship, winning their first title in 1916. Their first German championship was won in 1920. Before the inauguration of the Bundesliga in 1963, 1.FCN won a further 11 regional championships, including the Oberliga Süd formed in 1945, and were German champions another seven times. The club has won the Bundesliga once and the DFB-Pokal four times.


1. FC Nürnberg
Since 1963, the club has played their home games at the Max-Morlock-Stadion in Nuremberg. Today's club has sections for boxing, handball, hockey (inline skater hockey and ice hockey), rollerblading and ice skating, swimming, skiing, and tennis.


1. FC Nürnberg
Nürnberg have been relegated from the German football league system top tier Bundesliga on nine occasions – beating the record earlier set by Arminia Bielefeld.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Rise of "Der Club"
1. FC Nürnberg was founded on 4 May 1900 by a group of 18 young men who had gathered at local pub Burenhütte to assemble a side committed to playing football rather than rugby, one of the other new "English" games becoming popular at the time. By 1909, the team was playing well enough to lay claim to the South German championship. After World War I, Nürnberg would gradually turn their success into the dominance of the country's football. In the period from July 1918 to February 1922, the team would go unbeaten in 104 official matches. As early as 1919, they came to be referred to simply as "Der Club" in recognition of their skill and of their style on and off the field and would go on to become one of the nation's most widely recognized and popular teams.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Rise of "Der Club"
Nürnberg faced SpVgg Fürth in the first national championship held after the end of World War I, beating the defending champions 2–0. That would be the first of five titles Der Club would capture over the course of eight years. In each of those wins, they would shutout their opponents.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Rise of "Der Club"
The 1922 final was contested by Nürnberg and Hamburger SV but never reached a conclusion on the pitch. The match was called on account of darkness after three hours and ten minutes of play, drawn at 2–2. The re-match also went into extra time, and in an era that did not allow for substitutions, that game was called at 1–1 when Nürnberg was reduced to just seven players and the referee ruled incorrectly the club could not continue. Considerable wrangling ensued over the decision. The German Football Association (DFB) awarded the win to Hamburger SV under the condition that they renounce the title in the name of "good sportsmanship" – which the side grudgingly did. Ultimately, the Viktoria trophy was not officially presented that year.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, After the Glory years
1. FCN's dominance was already beginning to fade when they captured their final trophy of the era in 1927 as the game began to evolve into a more quickly paced contest which did not suit their slower, more deliberate approach. While they continued to field strong sides, other clubs rose to the forefront of German football. In 1934, they lost in the final to Schalke 04, a club that would go on to become the strongest side in the era of football under the Third Reich. Nürnberg would capture national titles just before and after World War II in 1936 and 1948 in the first post-war national final, and would also take the Tschammerpokal, the forerunner of today's DFB-Pokal, in 1935 and 1939.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
The post-war period began with the club being integrated into the Oberliga Süd, one of the five top divisions in West-Germany at the time. Nürnberg managed to win this league six times until 1963, winning the national championship in 1948. In 1961, 1. FCN captured their eighth national title and appeared in a losing effort in the following year's final. Some consolation was to be had in the team capturing its second DFB-Pokal in 1962.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
The club's strong play made it an obvious choice to be amongst the 16 teams selected to participate in the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional football league, formed in 1963. Der Club played as a mid-table side through the league's early years until putting on a dominating performance in 1968 in which it sat atop the league table from the fifth week of play on to the end of the season, en route to its first Bundesliga title. It went on to become the first club to be relegated from the Bundesliga as the reigning champions. This was a result of Max Merkel's decision to remove his championship-winning team of veterans – believing that they were too old – in favour of a dozen newcomers.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
It would take the club nine years to recover and return from an exile in the second tier, first the Regionalliga Süd, then the 2. Bundesliga Süd, that included several failed efforts in the promotion rounds. 1. FCN returned to the Bundesliga for a year in 1978, but played to a 17th-place finish and were relegated again. The club immediately played its way back to the top flight, but since then its Bundesliga performances have been stumbling ones, characterized by finishes well down the league table and occasional relegation for a season or two. The side's best recent result was a fifth-place finish in 1988.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
The early 1980s also saw the rise of a longstanding and intense friendship between the fans of Nürnberg and those of former archrival Schalke 04. Fans accompany each other's on their respective away games, and the two-season matches between the teams are generally a very laid-back and hospitable affair for all fans involved.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
In the mid-1990s, Nürnberg had financial problems that led to their being penalized six points in the 1995–96 season while playing in the 2. Bundesliga. The club was relegated to the third division as a consequence. Improved management saw the club clawing back and return to the top flight eventually.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
In 1999, however, 1. FCN suffered what was arguably the worst meltdown in Bundesliga history. Going into the last game of the season, the club sat in 12th place, three points and five goals ahead of Eintracht Frankfurt, which was sitting in 16th place and seemingly headed to relegation. Nürnberg was closing out the season with what looked to be an easy home game against SC Freiburg, which was also facing relegation. Frankfurt was up against 1. FC Kaiserslautern, last season's champions which were in a fight for a UEFA Champions League spot. Therefore, FCN had already begun soliciting season tickets for next Bundesliga season in a letter to current season ticket holders within celebrating successfully avoiding relegation.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
The stage was set for an improbable outcome. Nürnberg lost 1–2 with Frank Baumann missing a chance to score in the last minute. Every other 1. FCN rival won, including Frankfurt, which routed Kaiserslautern 5–1 with three late tallies – this put the side ahead on goals scored and sent 1. FCN crashing to 16th place and into a shock relegation. 1. FCN was not relegated because they had fewer points than Frankfurt, nor because of a lower goal differential, but on the third tie-breaker – fewer goals scored.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
1. FCN rebounded and played in the Bundesliga but still found itself flirting with relegation from season to season. However, it had comfortably avoided relegation in the 2005–06 season, finishing eighth in the Bundesliga. After several years of consolidation, Nürnberg seemed back as a force to reckon with in Bundesliga football.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
Manager Martin Bader's professional and sometimes even spectacular work till spring 2007 (the signing of former Ajax captain and Czech international Tomáš Galásek, for example, was greeted with enthusiasm), as well head coach Hans Meyer's tactically modern understanding of football, helped Nürnberg to its most successful play in almost 40 years. In May 2007, the cut for the UEFA Cup was sure and after the triumph over Eintracht Frankfurt in the DFB-Pokal, the Club was in the final of that tournament for the first time since 1982. On 26 May, the Club won this final against VfB Stuttgart in extra time 3–2, winning the DFB-Pokal again 45 years after the last victory.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
In the first round of 2007–08, however, the team could convince no more in Bundesliga. As the team had ended up second in their UEFA Cup group in front of later champion Zenit Saint Petersburg after defeating Rapid București in the first round, head coach Hans Meyer was allowed to restructure the team, for example by buying Czech international striker Jan Koller from Monaco. In the consequence of no improvement, Meyer was replaced by Thomas von Heesen after two legs in the second round. The latter one did not do much better, and so 1.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
FCN was relegated after finishing 16th after losing a 2–0 home match against Schalke 04 on the final matchday. After not meeting the expectations of dominating the 2. Bundesliga, Von Heesen resigned in August and was replaced by his assistant coach, Michael Oenning. After a slow start, Oenning was able to guide Nürnberg to a third-place finish and a playoff with 16th placed Energie Cottbus. Nürnberg won the playoff 5–0 on aggregate, rejoining the Bundesliga. The club was demoted again, however, after the 2013–14 season, finishing 17th with a final matchday loss to Schalke 04.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
The club finished third in the 2015–16 season and qualified for the promotion play-off to the Bundesliga, but lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt to remain in the 2. Bundesliga for 2016–17. The club went on to finish 2nd in 2017–2018 season, securing a promotion spot into the Bundesliga with an away win against SV Sandhausen. However, they finished dead last the next season and were relegated back to 2. Bundesliga.


1. FC Nürnberg, History, Into the modern era
In the 2019–20 2. Bundesliga season, they finished in 16th place, and faced a relegation playoff against 3. Liga side Ingolstadt, for which Nürnberg prevailed and retained its second tier status after winning 3–3 on aggregate score thanks to the away goals rule. The away goal which retained their second-tier status was scored in the sixth minute of injury time in the second leg, thereby keeping them up at the last moment.


1. FC Nürnberg, Rivals
SpVgg Greuther Fürth is 1. FCN's longest standing local rival. The rivalry dates back to the early days of German football when, at times, those two clubs dominated the national championship. The clubs have played 258 matches against one another, the most in German professional football. In 1921, the Germany national team consisted only of players from Nürnberg and Fürth for a match against the Netherlands in Amsterdam.


1. FC Nürnberg, Rivals
The players traveled in the same train, but with the Nürnberg players in a carriage at the front of the train and those from Fürth in a carriage at the rear, while team manager Georg B. Blaschke sat in the middle. A Fürth player scored the first goal of the match but was only congratulated by Fürth players. Allegedly, Hans Sutor, a former Fürth player, was forced to leave the team when he married a woman from Nuremberg. He was later signed by 1. FC Nürnberg and was in the team that eventually won three national championships. Both clubs played together in the Bundesliga in 2012–13.


1. FC Nürnberg, Rivals
Games against Bayern Munich are usually the biggest events of the season, as the two clubs are the most successful in Bavaria and Germany overall.


1. FC Nürnberg, Reserve team
The 1. FC Nürnberg II (or 1. FC Nürnberg Amateure) qualified for the Regionalliga Süd on the strength of a third place in the Bayernliga (IV) in 2007–08. The team had been playing in the Bayernlig since 1998, finishing runners-up three times in those years. When not playing in the Bayernlig, the team used to belong to the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte. Nowadays, it plays in tier four Regionalliga Bayern.


1. FC Nürnberg, League results, All time
the highest level of football in Germany;   the second highest;   the third highest.


1. FC Nürnberg, Honours
Der Club boasted the title of Deutscher Rekordmeister as holder of the most championships for over 60 years (although occasionally having to share the honour with Schalke 04) before being overtaken by Bayern Munich in 1987.


1. FC Nürnberg, Honours
Germany honours its Bundesliga champions by allowing them to display the gold stars of the "Verdiente Meistervereine" – one star for three titles, two stars for five and three stars for ten. However, currently, only titles earned since 1963 in the Bundesliga are officially recognized. Despite winning the national title nine times, Nürnberg – the country's second-most successful side – is not entitled to sport any championship stars.


1. FC Nürnberg, Stadium
"Der Club" plays in the communally-owned Max-Morlock-Stadion. It has been the club's home since 1963, and currently has a capacity of 50,000 spectators following the stadium's most recent expansion during the winter break of the 2009–10 season. The club previously played its matches at the Zabo (an abbreviation of Zerzabelshof, the district in which the ground was located).


1. FC Nürnberg, Stadium
The stadium was built in 1928 and was known as Stadion der Hitler-Jugend from 1933 to 1945. Originally having a capacity of 40,000 spectators, it was expanded in 1965 to hold 65,000 and subsequently hosted the 1967 Cup Winners' Cup final between Bayern Munich and Rangers, won 1–0 by the German side. The facility was refurbished for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and another recently completed renovation allowed it to seat 45,000 for four preliminary round matches and one Round of 16 contest of the 2006 World Cup.


1. FC Nürnberg, Stadium
The Frankenstadion since 2012 bears the commercial name "Grundig Stadion" under an arrangement with a local company. The majority of the fans was in favour of renaming it after club legend Max Morlock. Morlock's name was finally used in 2017.


1. FC Nürnberg, Stadium
The club is currently discussing the possibility of building a new stadium, which is to be completed by 2020. A feasibility study has been commissioned and contact has already been made with potential partners. A new stadium is to be made a pure football stadium. It will be built on the site of Frankenstadion and hold a capacity of 50,000 spectators. However, the club has not yet announced any official plans for a new stadium.


1. FC Nürnberg, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Nürnberg, Players, Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Nürnberg, Players, Notable former players, Greatest ever team
In the summer of 2010, as part of the club's celebration of its 110th anniversary, Nürnberg fans voted for the best players in the club's history. The players who received the most votes in each position were named in the club's greatest ever team.


1. FC Nürnberg, Players, Notable former players, Greatest ever team
Reserves: Hans Kalb, Stefan Kießling, Horst Leupold, Dieter Nüssing, Marc Oechler, Luitpold Popp, Raphael Schäfer, Heinz Strehl, Heinrich Stuhlfauth, Horst Weyerich, Sergio Zárate


1. FC Nürnberg, Coaches and chairmen, Coaches
Outstanding coaches of the earlier years include Izidor "Dori" Kürschner (1921, 1922), Fred Spiksley (1913, 1920s), former player Alfred Schaffer (1930s), Dr. Karl Michalke (1930s), Alwin "Alv" Riemke (1940s–1950s) and former player Hans "Bumbes" Schmidt (1940s, 1950s), who notably did not win a single of his four German Championship titles as coach with Nürnberg, but three of them with the long-standing main rivals Schalke 04. He was also four times champion as player, thereof three times with the Club, and once with the earlier archrival SpVgg Greuther Fürth.


1. FC Nürnberg II
The 1. FC Nürnberg II (German: 1. FC Nürnberg II) is the reserve team of German football club 1. FC Nürnberg, from the city of Nuremberg, Bavaria.


1. FC Nürnberg II
Until 2005, the team played under the name of 1. FC Nürnberg Amateure.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1955–1963
Nürnberg's amateur team first won promotion to Bavarias highest football league, then the tier-three Amateurliga Nordbayern, in 1955, when it took out the title in the 2. Amateurliga Mittelfranken-Süd and came second in the following promotion round. The Amateurliga Nordbayern was then one of two leagues at this level in Bavaria, covering the northern half of the state while the Amateurliga Südbayern existed in parallel in the south.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1955–1963
1. FC Nürnberg Amateure, as the team was then known as, was the first reserve side to reach this level, pre-dating the FC Bayern Munich II by a year. The team finished in sixth place out of fourteen in its first year in the third division. It dropped to thirteenth in the following year, three points save of relegation. After an eighth place in 1957–58, a fourteenth the following season meant relegation back to the fourth division. The team remained at this level until 1963, when, in the reorganisation of the German football league system, it became part of the new tier-four Landesliga Bayern-Mitte.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1963 to 1973
After coming fifth in the Landesliga in 1963–64, the team won the league the season after and earned promotion to the Amateurliga Bayern, now operating as a single division and statewide. In this league, commonly referred to as the Bayernliga, it managed a second place in its first year there, two points behind champions BC Augsburg. As the third division was the highest league reserve teams were permitted in Germany, Nürnberg could not have been promoted anyway, even if it had won the league.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1963 to 1973
The team's performances gradually fell off, year-by-year, finishing fifth, seventh, tenth and thirteenth until 1970. In the 1969–70 season, it escaped relegation by only two points. Nurenberg continued to struggle against relegation and, in 1973, finished last in the league, fourteen points clear of salvation.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1973–1987
Back in the Landesliga, the team played as an upper-table side, improving again season-by-season. The 1977–78 season was a step backwards however, with the side finishing eleventh and only one point clear of a relegation rank. While the following year was an improvement, 1979–80 became an outstanding one, winning the league and promotion by earning 61 of a possible 68 points.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1973–1987
In a repeat of 1965–66, the team once more finished runners-up in the league in its first year back, this time to MTV Ingolstadt. Decline came much quicker this time, the side struggling against relegation from then on and by 1983, Nürnberg was relegated again. It won the Landesliga title once more the year after and returned to the Bayernliga.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1973–1987
The team spend the next three seasons at this level before suffering another relegation in 1987, when it finished last. One place and one point above it, the senior team of local rival SpVgg Fürth went down alongside.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1987–1998
A considerably longer spell of Landesliga football followed now for the side. In 1990–91, it finished on top of the table, on equal points with SpVgg Fürth, losing the following championship decider. In the following promotion round, which it was qualified for as the runners-up, it lost 1–0 to Landesliga Bayern-Süd runners-up FC Gundelfingen, condemning the team to stay in the Landesliga. In most other seasons before and after, the team finished in sixth and seventh place.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1987–1998
In 1996, with the relegation of Nürnberg's first team to the third division for the first time in its history, the side was renamed 1. FC Nürnberg II, since the first team was not playing in a fully professional league anymore and was therefore considered Amateure themselves. This lasted for only one season, 1. FCN returning to the 2. Bundesliga in 1997. Its reserve team followed this upward trend the year after, finishing second in the league and advancing through the promotion round.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1998–2008
The team returned to the Bayernliga, now only the fourth tier of the league system, as a more competitive side then when it left eleven years before, finishing seventh in its first year there. It continued to be an upper-table side for the years to come, finishing second three times, in 2001, 2004 and 2006. In 2001, it was only one win away from winning the championship and promotion, finishing three points behind fellow Middle Franconian club SpVgg Ansbach.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1998–2008
In 2004, TSV 1860 Munich II beat them by a point, while, in 2006, an eleven points gap to champions FC Ingolstadt 04 was a much more obvious result.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1998–2008
In 2005, 1. FC Nürnberg Amateure was permanently renamed 1. FC Nürnberg II, as were all reserve sides of first and second Bundesliga teams.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 1998–2008
In the 2007–08 season, the team finished third, becoming one of six Bayernliga clubs to be promoted to the Regionalliga Süd in the league reform that went alongside the creation of the 3. Liga.


1. FC Nürnberg II, History, 2008–present
From 2008 onwards, 1. FCN II played in the tier-four Regionalliga Süd. After four seasons in this league with a second place in 2009–10 as the best result the club became part of the newly formed Regionalliga Bayern in 2012. In its first two seasons there the club finished fourth and eighth respectively.


1. FC Nürnberg II, Current Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Nürnberg II, Affiliated First Team
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Nürnberg II, DFB Cup appearances
The club has qualified for the first round of the German Cup a number of times. Since 2008 however, reserve teams are not eligible to compete in the German Cup anymore:


1. FC Passau
The 1. FC Passau is a German association football club from the city of Passau, Bavaria.


1. FC Passau
Throughout its existence, the club played on a number of occasions in the tier-three Bayernliga. It also reached the first round of the national German Cup once.


1. FC Passau, History
The club was formed in 1911, under the name of FC Passau. It came into existence when the football department of local TV Passau, formed in 1862, left the club to go its own way. In its early days, the football club, like so many others in Germany at the time, suffered under the lack of a playing field. FCP was lucky enough to convince the commander of the Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment, based in the city, to let them use their training ground. The club became virtually defunct during and after the First World War, becoming nothing more than the football department of TV Passau once more again after the war. It only resurfaced in 1924. In 1951, the club changed its name to 1. FC Passau.


1. FC Passau, History
Passau did not enter the higher Bavarian football scene till well after the Second World War when, in 1958, the team won the tier-four 2nd Amateurliga Niederbayern. It took three games against Upper Palatinate champions SpVgg Vohenstrauß to secure promotion to the Amateurliga Südbayern for the first time. Previously, in 1956 and 1957, the club had already won this league but failed in the promotion round. In this league, 1. FCP escaped relegation by only one point in the first season there, 1958–59. The year after, the club was not so lucky and dropped down to the fourth division again.


1. FC Passau, History
Passau once more won the local 2nd Amateurliga, defeated TV Wackersdorf in two games and returned to the third division in 1961. It could however not sustain this level and returned once more to the 2nd Amateruliga the year after.


1. FC Passau, History
The club was not one of the lucky three to qualify for the new Landesliga Bayern-Mitte in 1963 and instead was grouped in the tier-five Bezirksliga that year. It earned promotion back to the fourth tier in its first season there and entered the Landesliga for 1964–65.


1. FC Passau, History
In its second season in this league, the team finished second, ten points behind Jahn Regensburg. After an unimpressive 1966–67 season, the team won the league the year after and earned promotion to the Amateurliga Bayern.


1. FC Passau, History
In the third division, the club established itself as a mid-table side, rising to a fourth-place finish in 1973–74, the club's best ever. After two more seasons with mid-table finishes, Passau came last in the league in 1977 and had to return to the Landesliga after a nine-season absence. That season, it also qualified for the first round of the German Cup, losing 6–2 after extra time at Arminia Bielefeld.


1. FC Passau, History
Back in the Landesliga, the club did not perform particularly well and was relegated back to the Bezirksliga in 1981. It spent only one season there before returning to the Landesliga in 1982.


1. FC Passau, History
In the 1983–84 season, the team finished on equal points on a relegation rank with TSV Vestenbergsgreuth and ASV Herzogenaurach but lost the relegation deciders and once more dropped down to the Bezirksliga.


1. FC Passau, History
This time, it spent two seasons at this level before returning to the Landeliga. The club returned as a more competitive side and a third place in the league in 1988–89, on equal points with SpVgg Fürth, who it lost a second-place decider to, showed, 1. FC Passau was heading for better times. The year after, it finished equal first with Jahn Regensburg but once more lost in the decider for the championship. It did enter the promotion round for the Landesliga-runners-up but also lost there in the final, 3–0 to SV Lohhof.


1. FC Passau, History
In 1991–92, the club finally achieved promotion back to Bavarias highest league, now called Amateur Oberliga Bayern, on the strength of a Landesliga title.


1. FC Passau, History
Passau once again established itself as a mid-table side in the league, spending eight seasons at this level, with a sixth place in 1998 as its best result. In decline after this, it suffered relegation back to the Landesliga in 1999–2000.


1. FC Passau, History
The team did not perform well in its first season back in the Landesliga, but improved in the following seasons and, after a second-place finish, earned promotion back to the Bayernliga via a 3–1 victory over TSV Großbardorf in the promotion games. The club never did particularly well in the league this time round and was relegated after three seasons in 2006, with only six wins out of 34 games.


1. FC Passau, History
Passaus performance in the Landesliga the year after was one of their worst ever, unable to win a game all season and achieving only seven draws out of 38 games. With 16 goals scored and 127 goals conceded, the club holds quite a number of all-time negative records in this league now. As of 2008–09, the club is the only one ever to finish a Landesliga season without a win, out of three regional divisions and 44 seasons.


1. FC Passau, History
Relegated to the Bezirksoberliga Niederbayern, the club broke the fall, finishing in midfield in 2007–08. From there, the club improved, finishing fourth the season after.


1. FC Passau, History
At the end of the 2011–12 season the club qualified directly for the newly expanded Landesliga after finishing sixth in the Bezirksoberliga. After a third place in its first season back in the Landesliga the club came only 15th in the following year and was relegated back to the Bezirksliga.


1. FC Passau, DFB Cup appearances
The club has qualified for the first round of the German Cup only once:


1. FC Pforzheim
1. FC Pforzheim was a German association football club playing in Pforzheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club was established on 5 May 1896 and was a founding member of the German Football Association in Leipzig in 1900. In 2010 it merged with VfR Pforzheim to form 1. CfR Pforzheim.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Early success
The club enjoyed most of its success in its early years. In 1906 they captured the championship of the Süddeutschland Verband (South German League) by beating Karlsruher FV, one of the era's most prominent sides. This put Pforzheim into the national playoff rounds where they defeated favoured side Cologne FC 99 4–2 in a quarter final match, before eliminating defending champions Berlin TuFC Union 4–0 in the semi-finals. With the win the club advanced to the final in Nuremberg where they lost a 1–2 decision to VfB Leipzig.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Interwar years
Pforzheim slipped to become a mid-table side until narrowly missing a chance to play in the playoff rounds of the Süddeutschland Verband in both 1913 and 1914: tied for first place, they finished second in both seasons on goal differential. World War I disrupted play in the country for several years and Pforzheim fell out of top-flight competition. They returned to, at first, the Kreisliga Südwest and then the Bezirksliga Württemberg-Baden in the early 20s before being relegated in 1926, and then earning their re-promotion in 1929.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Interwar years
In 1933 German football was reorganized under the Third Reich into sixteen first division Gauligen. 1. FC Pforzheim played in the Gauliga Baden through to 1944 with their best results coming as second-place finishes in 1936, 1938, and 1939. The club narrowly missed relegation in 1941 escaping only through the collapse of FC Birkenfeld. Play in the Gauliga Baden was disrupted and then ended in the 1944–45 season by the advance of Allied armies into Germany towards the end of World War II.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Postwar
After the war the club re-emerged in the 2. Oberliga Süd (II) playing there from 1950 to 1963, the year of the formation of the Bundesliga, Germany's first professional football league. League re-organization then saw Pforzheim in the Regionalliga Süd (II) from 1963 until 1967 when a crash from 7th to 18th place led to the team being relegated. Pforzheim's 17-year-long stay in the second division was the longest of any other team at the time. Their best result in this period was a third-place finish in 1963, just two points shy of TSG Ulm 1846, and an advance to Oberliga Süd (I).


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Postwar
In 1967, Pforzheim fell to the third division Amateurliga Nordbaden and spent a dozen seasons there before slipping again in 1979 to fourth-tier play. They returned to the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (III) in 1985 and followed up their promotion with a Baden Cup win in 1987 leading to their first DFB-Pokal appearance in 1987–88. They progressed into the Round of 16 before being put out by Bundesliga side Werder Bremen (1–1, 1–3). A second Baden Cup win and DFB-Pokal appearance came in 1989. The team pulled off a surprise victory over Bundesliga side VfL Bochum in the second round of the 1989–90 DFB-Pokal. The side then captured a division title in 1991 and took part in the promotion rounds for the 2. Bundesliga, but were unable to advance.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Postwar
League restructuring in 1994 saw the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg become a fourth-tier league with the introduction of the Regionalliga Süd (III) and Pforzheim's 10th-place finish left them behind in the lower division.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Postwar
The team narrowly missed a return to third class football in 2001 when they once again finished just two points behind TSG Ulm 1846. By 2004, the association was a million Euros in debt and declared bankruptcy. The financially re-structured club was forced down to the Verbandsliga Nordbaden (V), but quickly recovered, and on the strength of their division championship in 2006 returned to play in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV) for a season before returning to the Verbandsliga.


1. FC Pforzheim, History, Postwar
In June 2010, the club merged with local rival VfR Pforzheim to form the 1. CfR Pforzheim.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck
1. FC Phönix Lübeck is a German association football club from the city of Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein. The club's has, historically, played at highest level in Germany, with the last stint of this coming from 1957 to 1960 in the tier one Oberliga Nord. After the introduction of the Bundesliga in 1963 Phönix played in the tier two Regionalliga Nord from 1967 to 1974 but has since fallen to regional amateur level.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck
Phönix also made two appearances in the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, in 1938 and 1976.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
LBV Phönix was formed in 1903 but the current club, 1. FC Phönix Lübeck, was established when the football department split from the mother club in 1971.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
In post-First World War football the club experienced a first successful era from 1927 to 1930 when it advanced to the qualifying rounds of the Northern German football championship three consecutive times. It only made it to the first round proper once however, in 1930, where the club lost 5–2 to Hamburger SV.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
The club played in the tier one Gauliga Nordmark from 1935 to 1938, when it was relegated again. It competed in the 1938 Tschammerpokal but lost 1–0 to Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin in the final qualifying round.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
After the Second World War the club entered the tier two Landesliga Schleswig-Holstein where it consistently finished in top five of the league. It competed there, at times, with local rival VfB Lübeck and a runners-up finish behind the latter in 1957 took the team up to the Oberliga for the first time. Phönix played in the Oberliga Nord from 1957 to 1960 as a lower table side and was relegated again after three seasons. Back in what was now the Amateurliga Schleswig-Holstein the club dropped to the third tier in 1963 when the Bundesliga and the Regionalligas below were established. It mostly remained a top side and won the league in 1966–67.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
Phönix played in the Regionalliga Nord from 1967 to 1974, when the league was disbanded in favor of the new 2. Bundesliga. In its seven Regionalliga seasons the club twice finished sixth as its best result but, even without the disbanding of the league, would have been relegated from the Regionalliga in 1974 as it finished last in that season.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
Phönix became a founding member of the new tier three Oberliga Nord but was relegated after only one season in 1975. The club returned for just one more season to the league in 1978–79 but suffered immediate relegation again. A Schleswig-Holstein Cup win in 1976 qualified the club for the first round of the 1976–77 DFB-Pokal, where it lost 2–0 to Eintracht Bad Kreuznach.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
An era of lower table finishes in what was now the Verbandsliga Schleswig-Holstein followed from 1979 onwards. After 1985 the club's results improved again but, after finishing last in the league in 1988–89, it was relegated from the top tier in Schleswig-Holstein for the first time in post-war football. It returned to the Verbandsliga in 1993 and, coming fifth, qualified for the new Oberliga Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein in 1994.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
Phönix became a founding member of the tier four Oberliga Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein and finished fifth in its first season there but was relegated again in 1997. It briefly returned for a season in 1998–99 before dropping back down, withdrawing from the Oberliga to the tier seven Bezirksliga.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, History
Since then the club has been fluctuating between the sixth and the seventh tier, earning promotion back to the tier six Verbandsliga Süd-Ost in 2015. In 2017 it qualified for the new tier-six Landesliga.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Phönix Lübeck, Players, Former players
The following players have been elected into the club's hall of fame:


1. FC Rielasingen-Arlen
1. FC Rielasingen-Arlen is a German football club based in Rielasingen-Worblingen in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It was founded in 1999 as a merger between FV Arlen (1906) and FC Rielasingen (1919). It plays in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg in the fifth tier of the German football league system.


1. FC Rielasingen-Arlen
The team won the 2016–17 South Baden Cup, defeating VfR Hausen 6–1 in the final. In doing so, they qualified for the first time for the DFB-Pokal. In the first round on 12 August 2017, they hosted Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund at SC Freiburg's Schwarzwald-Stadion, losing 4–0.


1. FC Rielasingen-Arlen, Players, First Team Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationalityNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Saarbrücken
1. FC Saarbrücken (German: 1. Fußball-Club Saarbrücken e. V.) is a football club based in Saarbrücken, Saarland. The club play in the 3. Liga, which is the third tier of football in Germany. The club began its existence as the football department of Turnverein Malstatt formed in 1903. That department split off in 1907 to form the independent football club FV Malstatt-Burbach and on 1 April 1909 was renamed FV Saarbrücken.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History
The club became part of the tier-one Kreisliga Saar in 1919, where it played with moderate success, a second place in the league's last season, 1922–23 being its best result. From 1923, the club played in the Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar – Saar division, winning the title there in 1927–28 but missed out on qualification to the new Gauliga in 1933.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Nazi era (1933–1945)
The team made its way to first division play in 1935 in the Gauliga Südwest, one of sixteen regional divisions established in the re-organization of German football in the Nazi era. A league shuffle saw them in the Gauliga Südwest-Saarpfalz in 1940 and they won the division the next year. In 1943 they again won their division – now called the Gauliga Westmark – and advanced through the playoff rounds to the national final where they were defeated 0–3 by Dresdner SC. The next year they only made it as far as the quarterfinals where they were put out by 1. FC Nürnberg. During the last years of World War II from 1943 to 1945, the club had played as a combined wartime side (Kriegsspielgemeinschaft Saarbrücken) with SC Altenkessel.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Post war and French exile
After the war, occupying Allied authorities dissolved all forms of organizations within Germany, including sports and football clubs. The team was allowed to reform late in 1945, but only under the new name 1. FC Saarbrücken. The club played its first three seasons of post-war football in the first division Oberliga Südwest-Nord, winning the division championship in 1946.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Post war and French exile
The German state of Saarland, where the city of Saarbrücken is located, was occupied by the French after the war. They made various efforts to see the state become independent of Germany or join France. In sport, this was manifested as separate 1952 Olympic and 1954 FIFA World Cup teams for Saarland and the establishment of a short-lived football league for the state called the Ehrenliga. In 1948, 1. FC Saarbrücken was one of a number of sides forced out of German football, but unlike other clubs, they did not play in the puppet league. Instead, the strong side became part of the French second division as FC Sarrebruck. They won the division but were refused promotion or further participation, mainly due to the resistance of other clubs, among them Strasbourg, who had been forced to play in Germany during World War II.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Post war and French exile
Saarbrücken withdrew from the league and began to play in a series of friendlies over the next two years. They organized a tournament in 1949–50 called the Internationaler Saarlandpokal ("International Saarland Cup") that had them play 15 home matches against teams from Austria, Denmark, France, Sweden, Switzerland and Yugoslavia. The top three sides then joined hosts Saarbrücken in a playoff round, which the home team eventually won in a 4–0 victory over Stade Rennais UC of France. The next year, fellow Saarlanders VfB Neunkirchen co-hosted the tournament which this time included more German sides. The tournament was abandoned for 1952 as agreement was reached to allow teams from the Saarland re-admission to the German Football Association (DFB).


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Post war and French exile
This episode in the history of German football would play itself out with the odd appearance of a separate side from Saarland in the 1954 World Cup preliminary rounds. Without a proper home in either the German or French leagues, Saarland had established a separate football association with membership in FIFA. 1. FC Saarbrücken sent ten players to that national side and the Saarlanders acquitted themselves well, finishing second in their group ahead of Norway and behind group winner West Germany. Saarbrücken would also make an appearance in the 1955–56 European Cup as Saarland's representative and were eliminated by Milan in the first round, despite winning the away leg.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
Saarbrücken returned to the Oberliga Südwest in 1952 and continued their winning ways by capturing the division and advancing to the national final for the second time, losing a 1–2 decision to VfB Stuttgart. They continued to field strong sides but over the next decade, could only manage one more Oberliga title, in 1961.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
In 1963, Germany finally saw the creation of a top flight national league with the formation of the Bundesliga. Sixteen teams were selected to play in the new league based on their performance, financial health and a geographical distribution intended to fairly represent all parts of the country. The first eight selections were straightforward and included divisional champions and the national finalists. Saarbrücken's selection to the new league was arguably the most controversial as the club's recent record was not as strong as their divisional rivals Neunkirchen, FK Pirmasens and Wormatia Worms. The belief is that their advantage lay in the fact the club had a long association with Hermann Neuberger, an extremely influential figure in German football – and a member of the selection committee.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
At the end of the inaugural Bundesliga season in 1963–64, Saarbrücken found themselves dead last, seven points short of safety. The club was relegated to the second tier Regionalliga Südwest where they finished strongly in each of the next three seasons, but were unable to advance through the Bundesliga promotion rounds. They were finally able to make their way back to the top flight after a first-place finish in the 2. Bundesliga Süd in the 1976 season. After two seasons there, the team returned to the second division and by 1981 had slipped to the Amateur Oberliga Südwest (III).


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
There were two more turns in the Bundesliga, in 1986 and 1993, both ending in relegation. A financial crisis in 1995 led to the club being denied a licence and being sent down to the Regionalliga West/Südwest (III). Saarbrücken has since become a yo-yo club with frequent moves between the second and fifth tiers. During this time, the club has remained a strong local side with several Saarland-Pokal wins to its credit.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
Saarbrücken finished 16th in 2005–06 and were relegated to the Regionalliga Süd (III). Another poor showing in 2006–07 saw the club in 15th and relegated again, this time to the fourth division Oberliga Südwest, where they narrowly missed out on Regionalliga promotion in 2007–08. However, they finished as the champions of the Oberliga Südwest in the 2008–09 season and promoted to the Regionalliga West. In May 2010, they finished champions of the Regionalliga West season and were promoted to the 3. Liga, their second consecutive promotions. They started slowly, but finished in sixth place having won the last nine matches of the 2010–11 season, and remained at this level until 2013–14, when a disastrous season saw then finish bottom of the table, having used 36 players and four managers.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
Back in the Regionalliga, Saarbrücken came second in 2014–15 and qualified for the promotion round to the 3. Liga, where they missed out on promotion to the Würzburger Kickers. They won the Regionalliga Südwest by 11 points in 2017–18 but were again defeated in the promotion play-off, this time by 1860 Munich.


1. FC Saarbrücken, History, Return to German football and entry to the Bundesliga
On 3 March 2020, they became the first team from the fourth tier in the history of the DFB-Pokal to reach the semi-final, after beating Fortuna Düsseldorf in the quarter-final.


1. FC Saarbrücken, Reserve team
The club's reserve team, now the 1. FC Saarbrücken II, playing as the 1. FC Saarbrücken Amateure until 2005 during the times the senior side played in professional football, first made an appearance in the Ehrenliga Saarland from 1948 to 1951. It made a reappearance in the highest league of the state in 1986, now the tier four Verbandsliga Saarland and won the league in 1988. Nine seasons in the Oberliga Südwest, now the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar followed. The team was relegated from the Oberliga in 1997, 2001 and 2007 to return each time a short while later.


1. FC Saarbrücken, Reserve team
In 2002 it won the Saarland Cup for the first and only time, thereby qualifying for the first round of the 2002–03 DFB-Pokal, where it lost to Arminia Bielefeld. It has been playing at this level since the last promotion in 2010, achieving a fourth-place finish as its best-ever result in 2013.


1. FC Saarbrücken, Supporters and rivalries
The 1. FC Saarbrücken ultras maintain a long-standing friendship since 1998 with the ultras of the French club Nancy. They also had friendly relations with fans of Fortuna Düsseldorf. 1. FC Kaiserslautern and neighbours FC Homburg are considered to be the biggest rivals. More recently, rivalries with Eintracht Trier and SV Elversberg have also developed.


1. FC Saarbrücken, Supporters and rivalries
The club has numerous supporter groups: Virage Est (meaning East Stand in French), Boys, SC95, Nordsaarjugend, Clique Canaille and Leone Pazzo, with around 200–300 people standing in the ultras section for matches. In celebration of the club's 110th birthday on 8 November 2014, the supporters created a huge tifo display.


1. FC Saarbrücken, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Saarbrücken (women)
1. FC Saarbrücken (women) is women's association football team from Saarbrücken, Germany. It is part of the 1. FC Saarbrücken club.


1. FC Saarbrücken (women), History
In 1990 the women of VfR 09 Saarbrücken were a founding member of the Bundesliga.


1. FC Saarbrücken (women), History
In 1997 the women's football team of VfR 09 Saarbrücken left VfR to join 1. FC Saarbrücken. Up to 2010/11 the team has played in 16 Bundesliga seasons, since then they have been playing in the 2nd Bundesliga. The team's greatest success was an appearance in the 2008 DFB cup final where they lost 1–5 to 1. FFC Frankfurt.


1. FC Saarbrücken (women), Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Saarbrücken II
1. FC Saarbrücken II is the reserve team of German association football club 1. FC Saarbrücken, based in Saarbrücken, Saarland. Historically, until 2005, the team played as 1. FC Saarbrücken Amateure during the times the senior team played in professional football.


1. FC Saarbrücken II
The team reached the first round of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, just once, in 2002–03. The team has played as high as the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, courtesy to league titles in the Verbandsliga Saarland, than the highest football league in the state.


1. FC Saarbrücken II, History
The team first made an appearance in the Ehrenliga Saarland from 1948 to 1951 in place of the senior team which played, for a season, in the French second division and, after that, in a friendlies competition.


1. FC Saarbrücken II, History
After a lengthy absence from the top division of the state it made a reappearance in 1986, now in the tier four Verbandsliga Saarland and won the league two seasons later in 1988. Nine seasons in the Oberliga Südwest, now the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar followed. The team was relegated from the Oberliga in 1997, 2001 and 2007 to return each time a short while later. In 2002 it won the Saarland Cup for the first and only time thereby qualifying for the first round of the 2002–03 German Cup where it lost to Arminia Bielefeld.


1. FC Saarbrücken II, History
1. FC Saarbrücken II last played at Oberliga level since the last promotion in 2010, achieving a fourth-place finish as its best-ever result in 2013. At the end of the 2014–15 season the team was withdrawn by the club from competitive football, but was recreated in 2018, restarting in the tenth-division Kreisliga A.


1. FC Sand
1. FC Sand is a German association football club from the town of Sand am Main, Bavaria.


1. FC Sand, History
The club was established on 27 March 1920 and first came to note with their rise to the Landesliga Bayern-Nord in 1981. The club lasted for only three seasons at this level but made an immediate return after relegation. After returning to the Landesliga in 1985, the first six seasons were a constant struggle for survival. The club greatly improved from 1991 onwards and would only finish in the bottom half of the table on one more occasion, in 2008. Nevertheless, it took the side until 2000 to achieve another promotion when they captured the title in the Landesliga and were promoted to the Bayernliga (IV) where they spent two seasons (2000–02) before returning to the Landesliga.


1. FC Sand, History
At the end of the 2011–12 season the club qualified directly for the newly expanded Bayernliga after finishing sixth in the Landesliga. It lasted for only one season at this level before being relegated again back to the Landesliga. After two seasons at this level the club finished runners-up in the league in 2015 and qualified for the promotion round. After two victories over SpVgg Selbitz Sand earned promotion back to the Bayernliga.


1. FC Schwalmstadt
1. FC Schwalmstadt is a German association football club from the city of Schwalmstadt, Hesse which was established in 1970 through the amalgamation of the towns of Treysa and Ziegenhain together with some smaller outlying villages.


1. FC Schwalmstadt, History
The recently formed club was created in 2003 out of the merger of the football departments of SV Jahn 1871 Treysa and TuSpo 1886 Ziegenhain. The team has enjoyed some early success, advancing to the Oberliga Hessen (IV) in its second season of play after capturing the championship of the Landesliga Hessen-Nord (V). The A-youth side also plays at the Oberliga level of its age class.


1. FC Schwalmstadt, History
Predecessor side TuSpo Ziegenhain was established in 1886 as Turnverein Ziegenhain. In 1951 the club merged with Sportverein Rot-Weiß Ziegenhain to form Turn- und Sportverein Ziegenhain. The team won promotion to the Oberliga Hessen (IV) in 1979. They narrowly avoided relegation after a 15th-place finish in 1985 by defeating RSV Würges 1:0 in playoff, but were sent down in 1988 after finishing 17th. TuSpo made a first round DFB-Pokal (German Cup) appearance in 1982.


1. FC Schwalmstadt, History
1. FC uses the grounds of both its parent associations to stage its home matches; the Schwalm-Stadion in Treysa and the Stadion am Fünften in Ziegenhain.


1. FC Schwalmstadt, History
The club twice played in the Hessenliga, for four seasons from 2004 to 2008 and again, for two seasons, from 2009 to 2011. From the 2011–12 season, it played in the Verbandsliga once more until 2014, when it earned promotion back to the Hessenliga. It played in the Hessenliga in 2014–15, finished last in the league and was relegated again.


1. FC Schwandorf
The 1. FC Schwandorf is a German association football club from the town of Schwandorf, Bavaria.


1. FC Schwandorf
The club's most successful era was in the late 1950s and 1960s when it spent thirteen season in the tier three Bayernliga. The club has a strong association with the German railways, as evident by the term railway sports club in its name (German: Eisenbahner Sportverein), and is a member of the Association of German railway sports clubs, the VDES.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
1. FC Schwandorf was formed on 20 December 1913. In the years up to the Second World War the club's history was strongly intertwined with another local club, TV Schwandorf, which it often cooperated with, and the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German state railway. The later lead to the club carrying the term Reichsbahn in its name for the most part during that time, a tradition continuing today with the club still having the German word for railway, Eisenbahn, in its name. The later connection however proved an obstacle after the war with the allied occupation authorities initially not allowing clubs with a pre-war government connection to reestablish themselves.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
The club earned promotion to the southern division of the Bayernliga in 1956 after a title in the 2. Amateurliga Oberpfalz, followed by a first place in the subsequent promotion round, with second place and another promotion spot going to FC Bayern Munich Amateure.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
Schwandorf spend the next thirteen seasons in the Bayernliga, the first seven in the southern division of the league. In this era, from 1956 to 1963, the club finished in the top ten each season with a fourth place in 1958–59 as its best result. In 1962–63 1. FC came seventh, the lowest possible finish to still qualify for the now unified Bayernliga. Schwandorf spend another six seasons at this level with a ninth place in its first season there as its best result. The club gradually declined until 1969 when an eighteenth-place finish meant relegation from the league.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
Schwandorf became part of the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte for the next five seasons after 1969. Initially the club was a strong side in the league, finishing third in 1971 as its best result but not achieving promotion to the Bayernliga again. By 1974 however the club dropped out of this level, too, after finishing sixteenth in the league. After three seasons in the Bezirksliga Schwandorf made a return to the Landesliga in 1977 and played another three seasons there. A third-place finish in 1979 equalled the club's best result in the league but the season after another relegation followed with 1. FC not returning to this level for the next fifteen years.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
In 1988 the club became part of the newly introduced Bezirksoberliga Oberpfalz, the new highest football league in the Upper Palatinate. It dropped out of this league for a season in 1992–93 but returned immediately. Two seasons later, in 1995, it won the league and made a brief return to the Landesliga. Schwandorf played two more seasons at this level but an eighteenth place in 1997 meant another relegation. The season after, in the Bezirksoberliga, the club was unsuccessful, too, and relegated again.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
The club bounced back immediately in 1999 and returned to the Bezirksoberliga for another seven seasons. The first six of those were quite successful with a second-place finish in 2002 as its best result but, in 2006, the club came fourteenth and was relegated yet again. Schwandorf made a permanent exit from the Bezirksoberliga, unable to return to this level until the league was disbanded in 2012. The 2002–03 season also saw the demise of the club's strongest local rival, the FC Linde Schwandorf, a club that climbed as high as the Landesliga but experienced financial difficulties in late 2002 and had to fold.


1. FC Schwandorf, History
The club took out the Upper Palatinate Cup in 2008 which in turn qualified it for the first round of the Bavarian Cup, where it was knocked out by eventual winners SpVgg Unterhaching. Since relegation from the Bezirksoberliga the club has been fluctuating between the Bezirksliga and the Kreisliga below until 2015, when it was relegated to the Kreisklasse. Another relegation followed in 2015–16, now to the A-Klasse.


1. FC Schwandorf, Stadium
The club plays its home games at the Hindenburgkampfbahn, which was opened in 1930 and holds up to 6,000 spectators.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05
1. Fussball-Club Schweinfurt 1905, Verein für Leibesübungen e.V., called 1. FC Schweinfurt 05,  Schweinfurt 05, or simply FC 05, is a German association football club established in Schweinfurt (Bavaria) in 1905. It has sections for netball, fistball, field hockey, badminton, gymnastics, rugby, American football, futsal, and athletics.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05
The club is well known due to successful years in top and second-tier football leagues from the 1930s to the 1970s, and thanks to outstanding individuals. During the late 1930s, Schweinfurt's midfielders Albin Kitzinger and Andreas Kupfer, today considered as two of the best half-back players of all time, formed the core of the Germany national football team and represented their country at the 1938 FIFA World Cup and within the premiere FIFA continent selection Europe XI.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05
The FC 05 first team, which competes in the tier-four Regionalliga Bayern since the 2013–14 season, is organized within 1. FC Schweinfurt 1905 Fußball GmbH. The club plays its home games at Sachs-Stadion in Schweinfurt.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Early years: 1905–1931
At a time when football became more and more popular among broad levels of the population, 1. Fussball-Club Schweinfurt 1905 was founded on 5 May 1905 by a group of sports enthusiasts. The club's first chairman, Pepi Popp, designed the still unchanged FC 05 crest.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Early years: 1905–1931
The new team played in various local leagues until beginning of the First World War. The home games were held at Hutrasen south of river Main, the later venue of local competitor VfR 07 Schweinfurt. In 1919, Schweinfurt 05 had to move to a new court near Ludwigsbrücke and became member of the tier-one Kreisliga Nordbayern, but relegated after its first season. The team attempted a merger with Turngemeinde Schweinfurt von 1848, which lasted from 1921 to 1923, before the two groups parted ways again and the football division became 1. Fussball-Club Schweinfurt 1905, Verein für Leibesübungen e.V.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Early years: 1905–1931
While FC 05 did not reap the expected benefits from the brief union, it improved dramatically after re-establishing itself as an independent club. Membership grew significantly and a number of new sports departments were formed within the organization. The football team yielded its first fruits in 1927 by winning the Unterfranken Cup championship, and in 1931, when it became Kreisliga Unterfranken champion.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
Schweinfurt 05 finally gained first class status again with its entry into the Bezirksliga Bayern in 1931. After introduction of the Gauliga system in 1933, the club became member of the top-flight Gauliga Bayern thanks to finishing 3rd in Bezirksliga Bayern Nord. In addition, the team succeeded in winning the 1933 Bavarian Cup championship, but lost 1–2 to VfB Stuttgart in the subsequent Southern German Cup final.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
The club experienced an era of successful seasons in the Gauliga years, winning the Gauliga Bayern in 1939 and 1942, and qualifying for the German football championship round. In the German football championship 1939 competition, Schweinfurt barely missed the semi-final qualification games after three wins in the group stage, where it defeated later 1943 and 1944 German champion Dresdner SC 1–0 in the first leg, but then lost to Dresden 0–1 in the decisive away match. The team failed in the round of 16 of the 1942 German football championship after a 1–2 loss to SG SS Straßburg.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
Schweinfurt made a semi-final appearance in the 1936 Tschammerpokal, when it was defeated 2–3 by FC Schalke 04, the closest it ever came to winning a national title. Again in 1936, the club moved into its newly constructed stadium, the Willy-Sachs-Stadion (today: Sachs-Stadion), a donation by local industrialist and patron Willy Sachs.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
At that time, FC 05 midfielders Albin Kitzinger and Andreas 'Ander' Kupfer became renowned in international football as they formed one of the best half-back duos in Europe. Kitzinger distinguished himself with assuredness on the ball and the calmness in which he distributed the ball. Kupfer was a player that fascinated the crowds with his elegant ways of playing. He was a master of kicking the ball with just moving his ankle joint. Kitzinger and Kupfer were an essential part of the famous Germany national team who defeated Denmark 8–0 in Breslau on 16 May 1937. One year later they competed at the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France, and were both called up to represent Germany within the FIFA selection Europe XI in the FA 75th anniversary game against England at Highbury in London.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
Due to the Second World War, Schweinfurt 05 merged with Luftwaffen SV Schweinfurt into KSG Schweinfurt for the 1943–44 and 1944–45 Gauliga seasons. The club temporarily had been dissolved in May 1945 under pressure from the occupying powers.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
After World War II, the re-established 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 was integrated into the tier-one Oberliga Süd, which, for the first time in German football, introduced the system of contract players in August 1948. The club stayed in the Oberliga for the duration of the league's existence until the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional league, was founded in 1963. Schweinfurt reached the round of the last sixteen of the 1954–55 DFB-Pokal, where it lost 0–1 in the replay against FC Schalke 04 after a 1–1 draw in the first match.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
On the occasion of the club's 50th anniversary in 1955, Schweinfurt could demonstrate its level when the team defeated German champion Rot-Weiss Essen 3–1, and achieved a 1–1 draw against Everton F.C. from English Football League First Division. The club made it into the 1957 and 1958 Southern German Cup finals and lost both times, to FC Bayern München and to VfB Stuttgart, respectively.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Years of excellence: 1931–1963
In 1950, Andreas Kupfer became the first captain of the West Germany national football team in his very final 44th appearance. FC 05 goalkeeper Günter Bernard earned two West Germany caps in 1962, before he joined Bundesliga founding member SV Werder Bremen one year later, and was named in Germany's squad for the 1966 FIFA World Cup.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Second tier years: 1963–1976
1. FC Schweinfurt 05 was one of 46 West German football clubs that applied for admission to the newly established Bundesliga in 1963. However, based on the Oberliga Süd score of its past 12 seasons, the club finally did not qualify for the new league, and thus found itself playing in the second tier Regionalliga Süd.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Second tier years: 1963–1976
In the 1965–66 season, Schweinfurt became Southern German Regionalliga champion and made it to the Bundesliga advancement games. Here, the team missed to ascend to the top tier after it was unable to prevail in its qualification group with 1. FC Saarbrücken, FC St. Pauli, and promoted winner Rot-Weiss Essen.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Second tier years: 1963–1976
With the introduction of the 2. Bundesliga in 1974, Schweinfurt was founding member of the southern division despite only finishing 15th in the last Regionalliga year. For its first 2. Bundesliga season in 1974–75, the club signed-up former national team striker and Bundesliga top scorer Lothar Emmerich. The team earned an excellent third place and barely missed the advancement games for promotion to Bundesliga.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Yo-yo years: 1976–2016
After the 1974–75 season, FC 05 began to falter: poor results and financial problems saw the club descend first to the Bayernliga (III) and then, for the first time in 1983, to the Landesliga Bayern-Nord (IV). Schweinfurt 05 became a yo-yo club ascending and descending between tiers III and IV, with just a pair of brief 2. Bundesliga appearances in 1990–91 and in 2001–02.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Yo-yo years: 1976–2016
As 1989–90 Bayernliga champion the club prevailed in the advancement games to 2. Bundesliga, but was not able to keep pace in the new league. The year before, the team had made it into the last sixteen of the 1989–90 DFB-Pokal, where it lost 0–2 to Eintracht Braunschweig. In 2001, Schweinfurt was promoted to 2. Bundesliga after finishing 3rd in Regionalliga Süd. The team's third place finish was enough to let them skip past the amateur side of VfB Suttgart, who were not allowed to advance a second side to the professional ranks. Despite a decent first half of the tier-two season, FC 05 finally could not avoid relegation after one year.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Yo-yo years: 1976–2016
Disasters happened in 2004 when FC Schweinfurt 05 was forced to leave the Regionalliga Süd (III) because of financial reasons, and in 2005 when the club went bankrupt. The results in the Bayernliga (IV) were annulled, and the team was relegated to the fifth tier Landesliga.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Yo-yo years: 1976–2016
A re-structured club successfully worked its way back into Bayernliga in 2007. After it was relegated again to the now tier-six Landesliga in 2009, the team returned to the Bayernliga immediately the following year. At the end of the 2011–12 season Schweinfurt managed to qualify for the promotion round to the new Regionalliga Bayern (IV) and advanced to the second round, where the team missed out on promotion. The club finally earned direct promotion to tier-four Regionalliga Bayern in the 2012–13 season by taking the championship in the Bayernliga northern division. Schweinfurt's first three Regionalliga years, however, were characterized by a permanent but successful struggle against relegation.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Recent years: 2016–today
In 2016, the FC 05 first team was spun off into 1. FC Schweinfurt 1905 Fußball GmbH. By means of the reorganization, the club again established professional structures that shall pave the way back to higher leagues.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Recent years: 2016–today
Schweinfurt actually experienced an upturn in the 2016–17 season and finished 8th in Regionalliga Bayern. In addition, the team succeeded in winning the Bavarian Cup after a 1–0 victory over SV Wacker Burghausen in the final. In the 2017–18 Regionalliga, Schweinfurt's ambitioned team was not able to jeopardize the championship of TSV 1860 München, and finally finished 3rd. 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 defeated 2. Bundesliga club SV Sandhausen 2–1 in the 2017–18 DFB-Pokal first round, but then lost 0–4 to later cup winner SG Eintracht Frankfurt.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Recent years: 2016–today
In the same season, Schweinfurt 05 successfully defended the Bavarian Cup after a 3–1 victory over league competitor SpVgg Bayreuth in the final. Despite the objective of the 2018–19 Regionalliga championship and promotion to 3. Liga, Schweinfurt clearly missed this chance and finished 4th end of the season. In the 2018–19 DFB-Pokal first round, the team lost 0–2 to previous season's  Bundesliga runner-up and 2018–19 UEFA Champions League competitor FC Schalke 04.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Recent years: 2016–today
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, the original 2019–20 Regionalliga Bayern season was extended until spring 2021, and the 2020–21 season has been cancelled. In July 2020, the current league leader Türkgücü München was promoted to the 3. Liga, whereas runners-up FC Schweinfurt 05 qualified for the 2020–21 DFB-Pokal.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, History, Recent years: 2016–today
In the first round cup match, Schweinfurt was defeated 1–4, again by Bundesliga club FC Schalke 04. 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 managed to win the long-desired championship of the finally discontinued 2019–21 Regionalliga Bayern when the club prevailed in a play-off group of the top three eligible teams with Viktoria Aschaffenburg and SpVgg Bayreuth. However, Regionalliga champion Schweinfurt missed out on promotion to the 3. Liga after a 0–2 on aggregate in the play-offs against TSV Havelse from Regionalliga Nord.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Honours, Youth
† Northern division  ‡ Promoted to 2. Bundesliga  # Reserve team


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Seasons, First team
The season-by-season performance of the club from 1931 until today:


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Seasons, Reserve team
The recent season-by-season performance of the U23 reserve. After the 2017−18 season, the team had been pulled out from future league participation.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, German football championship appearances
* Dresdner SC finished top of the group, level on points with Schweinfurt, due to better scoring


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, DFB-Pokal appearances
* Originally scheduled on 22 August 1943, but adjourned after the allied air-raid on Schweinfurt on 17 August 1943 † Replay ‡ Eintracht Frankfurt won 6–2 on aggregate # Originally scheduled on 13 September 2020, but postponed after a legal challenge of Türkgücü München regarding the spot allocated to the representative of the Regionalliga Bayern. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the organisational effort required to host the fixture, Schweinfurt's home leg was held at Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, and without spectators


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Stadium, Early grounds
In its first years, 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 played the home games at Hutrasen, the later ground of local competitor VfR 07 Schweinfurt. After the First World War, the club had to move to a court in close proximity, located at Ludwigsbrücke in Schweinfurt. With promotion to Gauliga Bayern in 1933, however, the existing venue proved to be more and more inadequate.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Stadium, Sachs-Stadion
The club's necessity finally motivated local industrialist Willy Sachs to the donation of a football stadium to the City of Schweinfurt, where the patron designated a privileged right of use for FC Schweinfurt 05. The new Willy-Sachs-Stadion, built by German architect Paul Bonatz, was opened on 23 July 1936 in the presence of leading politicians of the Third Reich. The stadium saw its first game three days later with a 2–2 draw between Schweinfurt 05 and 1935 German champion FC Schalke 04. Attandance record was 22,500 at a friendly between Schweinfurt 05 and 1. FC Kaiserslautern in 1954.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Stadium, Sachs-Stadion
Today, the stadium has a capacity of 15,060, where the grandstand hosts 860 covered seats. Besides the football field, the stadium offers track and field facilities, and is equipped with a classical Marathon gate. Premises at the stadium include changing rooms for players, coaches, and referees. Speaker cabins and a press area are available in the grandstand.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Stadium, Sachs-Stadion
The stadium has been renovated and equipped with floodlights in 2001 in order to meet the requirements for 2. Bundesliga. In addition, an electronic scoreboard was contributed by Schweinfurt's large industry. Wavebreakers have been installed on the standing rooms in 2014 to safeguard the stadium's full capacity.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Stadium, Sachs-Stadion
The stadium is listed as historic monument and is thus subject to preservation orders. As a consequence of Willy Sachs' Nazi affiliation, in June 2021 the Schweinfurt city council decided to rename the sports venue into Sachs-Stadion, in recognition of the value of the former Fichtel & Sachs company for the development of Schweinfurt.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Stadium, Proposed new stadium
Due to the club's ambitions to promote again to professional leagues with stricter legislations on stadium capacity and equipment,the city administration commissoned a feasibility study for a new stadium to be realised in Schweinfurt. Two locations for a football arena with a capacity of 15,000 have been proposed by the German architectural office AS+P, one at former U.S. Conn Barracks, the other close to the existing venue.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Supporters and rivalries
The supporters of Schweinfurt 05 maintain a traditional friendship with the fans of Würzburger FV. They have a distinct hostility with fans of Würzburger FV's local rival FC Würzburger Kickers.


1. FC Schweinfurt 05, Supporters and rivalries
Fans prior to the start of a 2017–18 Regionalliga Bayern match


1. FC Slovácko
1. FC Slovácko is a Czech football club based in Uherské Hradiště. The team was established in 1927 as SK Staré Město and on 1 July 2000 as 1. FC Synot, which was a merger of the original club with FC Slovácká Slavia Uherské Hradiště. Since 2009 the club has played in the Czech First League. Slovácko have twice reached the final of the Czech Cup although they have never won the competition.


1. FC Slovácko, History
Established in 1927 as SK Staré Město, the club played exclusively in the lower levels of Czechoslovak and later Czech football.


1. FC Slovácko, History
Staré Město won the Moravian–Silesian Football League in the 1996–97 season and were promoted to the Czech 2. Liga in 1997. The club won promotion from the Czech 2. Liga in 2000, clinching promotion five matches before the end of the season. This marked the start of the club's first-ever spell in the country's top flight. The club merged with Slovácká Slavia Uherské Hradiště in 2000, the resultant club becoming 1. FC Synot.


1. FC Slovácko, History
During the club's first seasons in the Czech First League, they took part in European competition a number of times, playing in the UEFA Intertoto Cup on three occasions. In the summer of 2004, the club officially changed its name to 1. FC Slovácko. Slovácko reached the final of the 2004–05 Czech Cup, losing 2–1 to winners Baník Ostrava.


1. FC Slovácko, History
The club played for seven years in the Czech First League before being relegated in 2007. The club went on to play two years in the second division, being promoted despite finishing 10th in the 2008–09 Czech 2. Liga, as second-placed side that season, Čáslav, sold Slovácko their license for the top flight. The same season, the club again reached the final of the Czech Cup, losing the final of the 2008–09 Czech Cup to Teplice.


1. FC Slovácko, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Slovácko, Players, Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Slovácko, Reserves
As of 2019/20, the club's reserve team 1. FC Slovácko B plays in the Moravian-Silesian Football League (3rd tier of Czech football system).


1. FC Slovácko, History in domestic competitions, Czech Republic
Notes:† Twelve points were taken off from Slovácko as a result of proven corruption.


1. FC Slovácko (women)
1. FC Slovácko Ženy is a Czech women's football team from Uherské Hradiště, representing 1. FC Slovácko in the Czech Women's First League. Founded in 1991, it was called DFC Compex and based in Otrokovice (16 kilometers from Uherské Hradiště) before Slovácko bought it in 2006.


1. FC Slovácko (women)
It is arguably the third best team in the country after Sparta Prague and Slavia Prague, having ranked 3rd in all six seasons from 2005 to 2011. Slovácko was the championship's runner-up in 2001 and 2002, and reached the national Cup's final in 2009 and 2018.


1. FC Slovácko (women), Current squad
As of 29 August 2020Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Sonthofen
The 1. FC Sonthofen is a German association football club from the town of Sonthofen, Bavaria.


1. FC Sonthofen
The club's greatest success came in 2012 when it qualified for the new southern division of the expanded Fußball-Bayernliga, the fifth tier of the German football league system.


1. FC Sonthofen, History
For most of its history the club has been a non-describt amateur side in local Bavarian football. Formed as the football department of local multi sports club TSV Sonthofen, formed in 1863, the team left the mother club in 1984 to play as 1. FC Sonthofen.


1. FC Sonthofen, History
In 1988 the club was instrumental in the establishing of the Bezirksoberligas in Bavaria, their introduction being suggested by the club in 1986. Despite this, the club did not initially manage to qualify for the new league it had proposed, taking a decade, until 1998, to do so.


1. FC Sonthofen, History
Sonthofen spent its next decade fluctuating between the Bezirksliga Schwaben-Süd and the Kreisliga Schwaben-Süd (1992–95) below it until a league title in the Bezirksliga in 1998 final took it up to the Bezirksoberliga. The club spent the next nine seasons at this level, generally finishing in the upper half of the table. Eventually, in 1998, Sonthofen managed to win the league and move out of the league system of Bavarian Swabia for the first time.


1. FC Sonthofen, History
For the first time in the Landesliga Bayern-Süd, 1. FCS came tenth in the league in 2008, while also winning the Schwaben Cup for the first and only time, but going out in the quarter finals of the Bavarian Cup against SpVgg Landshut and thereby missing out on qualification to the German Cup. The following season the club finished in ninth place in the league. The 2009–10 season however proved a setback for the club, finishing 16th and suffering relegation back to the Bezirksoberliga., Back at this level the club came third in 2011, a result that, exceptionally, allowed it promotion back to the Landesliga.


1. FC Sonthofen, History
Back in the Landesliga the club came fifth in 2012, a result that allowed it to comfortably qualify for the new southern division of the Bayernliga, where it plays in since the 2012–13 season.


1. FC Tatran Prešov
1. FC Tatran Prešov (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈtatram ˈpreʂɔw]) is a Slovak football club based in the city of Prešov. Tatran Prešov is the oldest football club in Slovakia, founded on 25 May 1898. The club currently participates in the 3. liga. The "Green and Whites" played 32 seasons in the Czechoslovak top division. Tatran became the dark horse of the Czechoslovak league in the 1960s and 1970s, but never won a title. The greatest league success was the second place in the 1965 and 1973 seasons. The club also came close in the Czechoslovak Cup, losing twice in 1966 and 1992 finals.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, History overview, Early history
The first official football match on the territory of present-day Slovakia took place on 25 May 1898 in Eperjes, today's Prešov, that time in Hungary, between two Budapest-based teams, Óbudai TE and Budapesti TC on the initiation of František Pethe, a gymnastic teacher in the local grammar school. On the same day the Eperjesi Torna és Vívó Egyesület (Eperjesi TVE, lit. Gymnastic and Fencing Association of Eperjes) was founded, which is regarded as the first football club of Slovakia.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, History overview, Early history
Eperjesi TVE initially competed in the Hungarian league system, achieving its best result in the 1907–08 season, when it won the Northern District Championship.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, History overview, Early history
In 1920 Prešov became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia, subsequently the club competed in the Czechoslovak leagues.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, History overview, Early history
Prešov finished in second place in the Czechoslovak First League in 1965 and 1973, finishing the season just one point behind champions Spartak Trnava in the 1972–73 season. In the national cup the team also had success, reaching the final of the Czechoslovak Cup in 1966, where they lost to Dukla Prague and in 1992 where Sparta Prague were victorious.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, History overview, Early history
The greatest legend of Tatran's Prešov history is Ladislav Pavlovič. From 1948 until 1966, he netted for Tatran Prešov 150 goals in 309 matches. He also represented Czechoslovakia national football team, where he played 14 matches and scored two goals. In 2013, he was stated to Prešov's Hall of Fame.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Honours, Domestic, Czechoslovak and Slovak Top Goalscorer
The Czechoslovak League top scorer from 1944 to 1945 until 1992–93. Since the 1993–94 Slovak League Top scorer.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Rivalries
Tatran's biggest rivals are VSS Košice, and the matches between the two teams are referred to as "Eastern Slovak derby" (Slovak: Východniarske derby). They also have rivalry with MFK Zemplín Michalovce and FC Spartak Trnava. 1. FC Tatran Prešov supporters maintain friendly relations with fans of the Polish side JKS Czarni 1910 Jasło.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Current squad
As of 30 July 2021. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Current squad, Out on loan 2021–22
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Current squad, Reserve team
1. FC Tatran Prešov juniori was the reserve team of 1. FC Tatran Prešov. They mostly played in the Slovak 3. Liga (Eastern division).


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Player records, Most goals
Players whose name is listed in bold are still active.


1. FC Tatran Prešov, Notable players
Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Tatran.


1. FC Trogen
The 1. FC Trogen is a German association football club from the town of Trogen, Bavaria.


1. FC Trogen
The club's greatest success came in 2012 when it qualified for the new northern division of the expanded Bayernliga, the fifth tier of the German football league system but lasted for only one season before being relegated again.


1. FC Trogen, History
For most of its history the club has been a non-descript amateur side in local Bavarian football. An early football club, the SpVgg Trogen existed in Trogen from 1920 to 1926, when it was dissolved again. The current club, 1. FC Trogen, was formed six years later, in 1932. Trogen played in the A-Klasse, now Kreisliga, Hof from 1954 to 1969 and again from 1974 to 1978. It won the league in 1978 and earned promotion to the Bezirksliga where it lasted for two seasons. A decline followed that took the club to the C-Klasse, the lowest league in Bavaria, by 1990. A decade of lower league football followed.


1. FC Trogen, History
The club's rise through the Bavarian football leagues began in the early 2000s, winning the A-Klasse Hof in 2002, the Kreisklasse Hof in 2004 and the Kreisliga Hof in 2005.


1. FC Trogen, History
Trogen came third in its first Bezirksliga Oberfranken-Ost and earned promotion to the Bezirksoberliga through the promotion round.


1. FC Trogen, History
Playing in the Bezirksoberliga Oberfranken Trogen came seventh in its first season there, followed by a third place the season after. In the 2008–09 season the club won the league and earned another promotion, now to the Landesliga.


1. FC Trogen, History
Trogen played for only one season in the Landesliga Bayern-Nord before being relegated again in 2010. The club promptly returned to the Landesliga the following season after a second Bezirksoberliga title and came eighth in the league in 2012, a high enough finish to qualify directly for the new northern division of the Bayernliga. Trogen lasted for only one season there before being relegated back to the Landesliga Bayern-Nordost. Again after only one season there the club suffered another relegation, now to the Bezirksliga.


1. FC Union Berlin
1. Fußballclub Union Berlin e. V., commonly known as 1. FC Union Berlin (German pronunciation: [ ˈeːɐ̯stɐ ʔɛfˈtseː ʔuˈni̯oːn bɛʁˈliːn]) or simply Union Berlin, is a professional German association football club based in the locality of Köpenick of the borough of Treptow-Köpenick of Berlin. The club emerged under the current name in 1966 but its origins can be traced back to 1906, when its predecessor FC Olympia Oberschöneweide was founded. From 2009 until 2019, they competed in the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of German football. In 2019, after defeating VfB Stuttgart in the relegation play-offs, Union won promotion to the Bundesliga top flight for the first time in the club's history, for the 2019–20 season.


1. FC Union Berlin
During the Cold War era, Union was based in the East Berlin sector of the city, joining the common German league structure upon the reunification of the city and the country in 1990.


1. FC Union Berlin
The home ground Stadion An der Alten Försterei (Stadium by the Old Forester's House) is the largest single-purpose football stadium in the German capital. It has been home to Union Berlin and its forerunners since it was opened in 1920. The stadium became internationally famous for concerts and events like the annual Weihnachtssingen (Christmas Carols Event) and the WM-Wohnzimmer (World Cup Living Room) in 2014.


1. FC Union Berlin
The club has become well known for its enthusiastic and creative fan base and for its chant "Eisern Union" (Iron Union).


1. FC Union Berlin, History, First foundation (1906–1945)
The name 1. FC Union Berlin was used by two football clubs that shared a common origin as FC Olympia Oberschöneweide, founded in 1906 in Oberschöneweide, which by that time was a suburb of Berlin. The side took on the name SC Union 06 Oberschöneweide in 1910. Union was one of Berlin's premier clubs in the interwar period, regularly winning local championships and competing at the national level, including an appearance in the 1923 German championship final which they lost 0–3 to Hamburger SV.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, First foundation (1906–1945)
Early on, the team was nicknamed "Schlosserjungs" (English: metalworker-boys) because of their then all blue kit, reminiscent of the typical work clothing worn in the factories of the industrial Oberschöneweide district. The popular cry of Union-supporters – "Eisern Union!" (Iron Union) – also emerged at this time. Since its foundation the club has had a distinct working-class image, in contrast to other local clubs with more middle-class origins, such as Viktoria 89 Berlin, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin, BSV 92 Berlin or Tennis Borussia Berlin.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, First foundation (1906–1945)
In 1933, German football was reorganized under the Third Reich into 16 top flight divisions known as Gauligen. Oberschöneweide' became part of the Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg where they generally earned middling, unexceptional results. They were relegated in 1935 and returned to first division play in 1936 after only one season's absence. In 1940, the team finished first in Group B of the division and then defeated Blau-Weiss (1–2, 3–0) to win the overall division title. That advanced the club to the national playoffs where they were put out by Rapid Wien in the opening group round (2–3, 1–3). Union resumed its place as an unremarkable side. They were relegated again in 1942 and played the final war-shortened Gauliga season in 1944–45.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Dissolution and split up (1945–1961)
After World War II, occupying Allied authorities ordered the dissolution of all organizations in Germany, including sports and football associations. A new sport community called SG Oberschöneweide was formed in late 1945 and it played in the City League organized immediately after the war which had four regional departments. The team did not qualify to the newly created Oberliga Berlin (I) in 1946 after a poor season, but was promoted in 1947, won the division title right away and regained club status as SG Union Oberschöneweide during 1948–49.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Dissolution and split up (1945–1961)
The club finished the 1949–50 season in second place in Berlin and qualified to take part in the national final rounds. However, escalating Cold War tensions led Soviet authorities to refuse the team permission to travel to take part. Two Union teams then emerged as most players and coaches fled to the west to form Sport-Club Union 06 Berlin which took part in the scheduled playoff match in Kiel against Hamburger SV, losing 0–7.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Dissolution and split up (1945–1961)
The players remaining in the east carried on as SG Union Oberschöneweide while a number of players who had fled to the west to form SC organized a third side called Berliner Ballspiel-Club Südost. The western team was a strong side until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, drawing huge crowds to matches in the Olympiastadion. The division of the city led to a change of fortunes for the club which plays today in the lower divisions before meagre crowds.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
The eastern branch of the club went through a number of name changes: Union Oberschöneweide (1950), BSG Motor Oberschöneweide (1951), SC Motor Berlin (1955), TSC Oberschöneweide (1957), TSC Berlin (1963) – finally becoming the football club 1. FC Union Berlin in 1966.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
1. FC Union Berlin was founded during the reorganization of East German football in December 1965 and January 1966, when ten dedicated football clubs were created. However, the football department of TSC Berlin was originally not taken into account. Only two clubs were planned for East Berlin. They were to be formed from the football departments of ASK Vorwärts Berlin and SC Dynamo Berlin. This was already contrary to the original plan, which had envisioned only one football club per district. And the football department of TSC Berlin was only playing in the second tier DDR-Liga at the time.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
1. FC Union Berlin was allegedly founded on initiative of the powerful Herbert Warnke. Herbert Warnke was the chairman of the state-controlled national trade union FDGB and a member of the SED Politburo. Both ASK Vorwärts Berlin and SC Dynamo Berlin were associated with the armed and security organs. Herbert Warnke therefore argued for the creation of a third "civilian club" for the working people in East Berlin. He would be passionate fan of 1. FC Union Berlin and a sponsoring member of the club.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
1. FC Union Berlin was established in the middle of one of the largest industrial centers in East Germany. The intention of the SED to win the support from FDGB to 1. FC Union Berlin, was likely well thought out. The FDGB unified all workers in East Germany and therefore most likely had the proper character of identification for a club of the working people. The club was founded in a ceremony in the clubhouse of VEB Transformatorenwerk Oberschöneheide "Karl Liebknecht" (TRO) in Oberschöneweide on 20 January 1966. The founding of the club was organized by the then SED First Secretary in Köpenick Hans Modrow. Like Herbert Warnke, Hans Modrow would be a sponsoring member of the club.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
1. FC Union Berlin was the only football club not playing in the DDR-Oberliga by the time of its founding. But as a dedicated football club, it was elevated into the upper tier of privileged elite clubs. The first club president was the general director of VVB Hochspannungsgeräte und Kabel Werner Otto, and his deputy was the  second secretary of the SED district administration in East Berlin Hans Wagner. 1.FC Union Berlin was state-funded and all decisions in club had to be reported to the all-powerful central sports agency DTSB.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
The DTSB stood in turn under direct control of the SED Central Committee. The club was initially supported by the FDGB. However, the support from the FDGB ended when Herbert Warnke was replaced by Harry Tisch as the chairman of the FDGB in 1975. Harry Tisch had begun his political career in Rostock and instead gave the support to F.C. Hansa Rostock. This event was remarkable, as it revealed the large influence that high-ranking politicians exerted on football in East Germany. The main sponsors of 1. FC Union Berlin would then be the state-owned combines and companies VEB Kabelwerk Oberspree (KWO), VEB Transformatorenwerk Oberschöneweide (TRO) and VEB Werk für Fernsehelektronik (WF).


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
1. FC Union Berlin developed a bitter rivalry with BFC Dynamo, which was supported by the Stasi. While their arch rivals won 10 titles in a row, Union yo-yoed between the DDR-Oberliga and the DDR-Liga with very little success. Union managed to win the East German Cup in 1968 when they defeated FC Carl Zeiss Jena 2–1 although they lost in their second cup appearance in 1986 to 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig by a score of 1–5.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, Restart as Union Berlin (1961–1990)
The East German state-owned film studio DEFA produced a documentary about the supporters of 1. FC Union Berlin in 1989. The documentary is called "And on Friday's we go to 'Green Hell'" and follows a group of supporters of 1. FC Union Berlin to both home and away matches during the 1987–88 season.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, 2. Bundesliga era (1990–2019)
After German reunification in 1990, the team continued to perform well on the field, but almost collapsed financially. They managed to hang on through some tight times and find sponsorship, but only after winning their division in both 1993 and 1994 and each time being denied a license to play in the 2. Bundesliga due to their financial problems. The club had another close brush with financial failure in 1997.


1. FC Union Berlin, History, 2. Bundesliga era (1990–2019)
Union again came close to advancing to 2. Bundesliga in 1998–99 and 1999–2000, but were disappointed. They were finally successful in 2000–01, under Bulgarian manager Georgi Vasilev, easily winning the Regionalliga Nord (III) and moving up a division to become the city's second most popular side. That same year they appeared in the final of the German Cup where they lost 0–2 to FC Schalke 04, and advanced as far as the second round in UEFA Cup before being put out by Bulgarian side PFC Litex Lovech.