107-109 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The buildings at 107–109 George Street have representative comparative significance for the following reasons:107–109 George Street is representative of the nineteenth-century urban fabric that is found at The Rocks. They are a representative example of early Victorian commercial properties built in the Victorian Regency Style. The buildings have been continuously occupied for commercial retail purposes since construction in 1861. The building's scale, detailing and alignment to the street is typical of that found along the west side of George Street and lining the harbourside as part of the Business Precinct of The Rocks.


107-109 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The buildings are part of the rich fabric of The Rocks which is highly regarded by residents, Sydney people and visitors and acknowledged by the Australian Heritage Commission and the National Trust as part of The Rocks Urban Conservation Area. The potential archaeological resource on the site is representative of the continuous occupation of The Rocks from early colonial settlement, through the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries and into the present and provides an opportunity to consider a range of questions related to change and development of the site. Archaeological evidence from the site has the potential to contribute to the evolving and layered history of this significant area of Sydney. An early example of the SCRA redevelopment projects when it was restored in c. 1970 as The Rocks Push Restaurant.


107-109 George Street, The Rocks, References, Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on , entry number 1590 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under  , accessed on 14 October 2018.


107.0 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 107.0 MHz:


107.1 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 107.1 MHz:


107.1 Rugby FM
107.1 Rugby FM was an Independent Local Radio station in Warwickshire. At the time of closure, it was owned and operated by Quidem and broadcast from studios at Honiley, Warwickshire.


107.1 Rugby FM, History
Under the directorship of Martin Mumford, 107.1 Rugby FM launched on 31 August 2002—former Silk FM controller Trevor Thomas was the first voice on-air, also working as the station's programme manager, before leaving to join Warwickshire neighbour The Bear 102.


107.1 Rugby FM, History
The station, then owned by the Milestone Group, enjoyed considerable success, and was lauded at one point as the UK's most successful local commercial radio station in terms of audience reach - once at 44% (RAJAR Q2 2005) - attributed to an emphasis on local presence, and presenters who were recruited on the basis of quality. They also enjoyed a substantially different music policy to that of its competitors. Following Mumford's departure in 2005, Julian Hotchkiss became Managing Director of Rugby FM but left a year later following the CN Group's acquisition of the station in early 2006. The group had been a minority shareholder until this point.


107.1 Rugby FM, History
From 2002 until 2008, the station was based at studios on Spring Street in the heart of the town centre. The CN Group acquisition had a number of far-reaching consequences on the output, notably the loss of 20 hours a day of local programming, and the studios being moved out of Rugby town centre into a regional hub in Kenilworth.


107.1 Rugby FM, History
Between 2007 and 2009, the CN Group divested of its Midlands radio stations. First to be sold was Oak 107 FM, which went to the Lincs FM Group, who merged it with their licence in nearby Hinckley. Touch FM Banbury was sold a year later to a private consortium, and was subsequently rebranded as Banbury Sound. The remaining Touch stations, with Rugby FM, were sold to Quidem Ltd in Summer 2009, with Banbury Sound picked back up in October 2010 and Oak FM picked up in 2012.


107.1 Rugby FM, History
In September 2019, Quidem announced it had entered a brand licensing agreement with Global, citing financial losses. Two months later, following permission from Ofcom to change the station's format, it was confirmed Rugby FM would merge with its sister Quidem-owned stations and launch as Capital Mid-Counties on 2 December 2019. Rugby FM ceased broadcasting at 7pm on Friday 29 November 2019.


107.2 FM
This is a list of radio stations that broadcast on FM frequency 107.2 MHz:


107.3 Abbey FM
Abbey FM was a local radio station for Barrow-in-Furness and the Furness Peninsula. The station ceased transmission at 3pm on 30 January 2009 and was placed into administration with the loss of seven jobs. This followed one of the station's main backers, The Local Radio Company, withdrawing their support three weeks earlier. The Station Manager at the time Amanda Bell told the North West Evening Mail that this "forced the hand of the other shareholders" and that she was only informed of their decision on the day of the closure at 12.30pm.


107.3 Abbey FM
Abbey FM was owned by The Radio Business Ltd (35%), CN Group Ltd (30%) and The Local Radio Company Ltd (35%). The licence was for a locally focused, full-service, music and information lifestyle station for 25- to 64-year-olds service to serve the town of Barrow-in-Furness and the immediately surrounding area, which has an adult population (aged 15+) of around 65,000.


107.3 Abbey FM
As of 3pm on Friday 30 January 2009 Abbey FM stopped broadcasting, shortly after the announcement that the station had been placed into administration by its joint owners CN Group, TLRC and The Radio Business.


107.3 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 107.3 MHz:


107.3 Radio Exe
Radio Exe (formerly Exeter FM) is an independent locally owned radio station based in Exeter in Devon.


107.3 Radio Exe, About
Radio Exe is a locally focused radio station for Exeter and the surrounding area that is designed to appeal to a broad range of adult listeners, particularly those aged 35–54, with a full service of comprehensive news and local information, engaging speech features and conversation and a wide variety of music from the 1960s to the present day. Radio Exe is proudly the only fully locally owned radio station in Devon, following the closure and replacement of a station in Torbay in 2020.


107.3 Radio Exe, Presenters
Presenters include Ashley Jeary, Dean Brame, Jamie Taylor, Nino Firetto, Paul Nero and recently Matt Rodgers, who was best known from Heart Breakfast with Victoria Leigh before they closed the local station. At the end of March 2021, breakfast show presenter Ben Clark moved to another local station as part of their re-brand. Currently Ashley presents the breakfast show until a new host is found.


107.3 Radio Exe, Presenters
On 2 April 2021, popular and much-missed duo Matt & Victoria were reunited after their last show on Heart in 2019. The two presented two bank holiday breakfast specials, and are likely to takeover the breakfast show.


107.3 Radio Exe, History
Exeter FM launched on 18 February 2008 as part of the London-based Sunrise Radio Group.


107.3 Radio Exe, History
In June 2011, the station was taken over by Exe Broadcasting Ltd, a new company owned by local broadcaster Paul Nero.


107.3 Radio Exe, History
The re-branded Radio Exe began broadcasting on Tuesday 10 January 2012 at 7:55 am, when breakfast presenter Ben Clark played Billy Joel’s 'River of Dreams'.


107.3 Radio Exe, History
In August 2016, Devon Radio Ltd, owned fully by Celador Radio sold their 40% share in Radio Exe. This also lead to the resignation of Paul Smith CBE, a director of the station who is also the Chairman of Celador, resulting in the station becoming 100% locally controlled and owned.


107.3 Radio Exe, History
In 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the station launched an emergency fundraising drive to keep the station local due to a lack of advertising revenue and other factors. The fundraiser was successful with £45,919 raised.


107.5 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 107.5 MHz:


107.6 FM
This is a list of radio stations that broadcast on FM frequency 107.6 MHz:


107.7 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 107.7 MHz:


107.7 The Wolf
107.7 The Wolf was a British Independent Local Radio station serving Wolverhampton and the surrounding areas, owned and operated by Forever Broadcasting, The Wireless Group and latterly, UTV.


107.7 The Wolf, Rebrand
On 7 February 2012, UTV Radio announced the station would be rebranded as Signal 107, following the company's buyout of former MNA stations The Wyre and The Severn, which 107.7 The Wolf both merged with. The rebrand took place at midday on Monday 26 March 2012.


107.8 Radio Jackie
Radio Jackie is an Independent Local Radio station in Kingston upon Thames, England broadcasting news, popular hits, and local information to South-West London and North Surrey from its studios in Tolworth.


107.8 Radio Jackie, History
Radio Jackie began as a pirate station first broadcasting in March 1969. Jackie broadcast on the 1525 kHz frequency and soon became one of the most popular pirate stations in the country. It changed frequency several times, settling on 1332 kHz in 1978 when the new European frequency guidelines were implemented. From February 1971, it also broadcast on FM on 94.4 MHz every Saturday evening.


107.8 Radio Jackie, History
By the early 1980s, Radio Jackie had become a 24-hour-a-day local station with studios in Worcester Park and a shop in Morden. It employed full-time staff, was VAT-registered and had an entry in the phone directory—a very public operation for an illegal broadcaster. The station had huge public support with local borough councils and MPs supporting its wish to gain a licence. In 1972, a recording of the station was even played in the House of Commons at the committee stage of the Sound Broadcasting Bill, as an example of what local radio could sound like.


107.8 Radio Jackie, History
In the mid-1980s, however, new laws meant that the days of pirate stations were numbered, and as one of the highest-profile stations Radio Jackie was an early target. Despite huge local protests the station ceased broadcasting on 4 February 1985. At the time it was south west London's second most popular station.


107.8 Radio Jackie, Licence
Ten years after their pirate radio closedown, in 1996, Tony Collis made efforts to bring the station back as a legal broadcaster when the South-West London licence was advertised. A detailed set of plans were produced with a lot of community content, but the Radio Authority (now Ofcom) awarded Thames the licence on 107.8 FM. Over the years Thames Radio, as it was later renamed, fell into financial difficulty, and in 2003, the Radio Authority gave the original chairman Tony Collis permission to make a bid for the station.


107.8 Radio Jackie, Licence
He purchased Thames Radio and Radio Jackie was relaunched on 107.8 MHz on Sunday 19 October 2003. The first song played was The Cars - 'Heartbeat City' because the chorus contains the lyrics 'Oh Jacki what took you so long'. The first on air presenter was Dave Owen who was the last presenter when the station closed down in 1985.


107.8 Radio Jackie, Legacy
Radio Jackie celebrated 50 years since first broadcasting in March 2019.


107.9 ABC Ballarat
107.9 ABC Ballarat, callsign 3CRR, is an ABC Local Radio station in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. ABC Ballarat is one of the newest stations in the network, opened on 30 June 2003. The station is the largest regional ABC station in Victoria and is home to a team of broadcasters, journalists, program-makers and online producers, providing news, programs and online content primarily about serves Ballarat, Ararat and Daylesford, as well as parts of south-west Victoria including Hamilton, Port Fairy, and Warrnambool through ABC South West Victoria.


107.9 ABC Ballarat
Starting with a staff of just nine in 2003, ABC Ballarat now has a total of 16 full-time employees. A breakfast program is presented by Steve Martin from 6.15 am to 10.00 am weekdays. A mornings program is presented by Gavin McGrath from 10.00 am to 11.00 am weekdays.


107.9 ABC Ballarat
The regional Statewide Drive program (3.00 pm to 6.00 pm weekdays) is also broadcast from the Ballarat studios. It is presented by Nicole Chvastek and covers Victoria, southern New South Wales and a small part of eastern South Australia. It does not broadcast into the Melbourne metro area.


107.9 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 107.9 MHz:


1070
Year 1070 (MLXX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1070th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 70th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 11th century, and the 1st year of the 1070s decade.


1070 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1070 kHz: The Federal Communications Commission classifies 1070 AM as a United States and Canadian clear-channel frequency. KNX in Los Angeles and CBA in Moncton, New Brunswick shared Class A status on this frequency. But on April 7, 2008, CBA moved to the FM dial.


1070 Tunica
1070 Tunica, provisional designation 1926 RB, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after Petrorhagia, a flowering plant also known as "Tunica".


1070 Tunica, Orbit and classification
Tunica is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. Conversely, it has also been considered a core member of the Ursula family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,123 days; semi-major axis of 3.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.


1070 Tunica, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with its identification as A903 SA at Heidelberg in September 1903, or 23 years prior to its official discovery observation.


1070 Tunica, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In May 2017, a rotational lightcurve of Tunica was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.8 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24 magnitude (U=2-). Another lightcurve obtained in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in February 2010 gave a period of 15.673 hours and an amplitude of 0.32 magnitude (U=2).


1070 Tunica, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Tunica measures between 33.77 and 44.135 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0476 and 0.076.


1070 Tunica, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 33.79 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.08.


1070 Tunica, Naming
This minor planet was named after "Tunica" (Petrorhagia), a flowering plant derived from the common gillyflower.


1070 Tunica, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1070 aluminium alloy
1070 is a pure aluminium alloy. It is a wrought alloy with a high corrosion resistance and an excellent brazing ability.


1070 aluminium alloy
1070 Aluminium alloy has aluminium, iron, silicon, zinc, vanadium, copper, titanium, magnesium, and manganese as minor elements.


1070s
The 1070s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1070, and ended on December 31, 1079.


1070s BC
The 1070s BC is a decade which lasted from 1079 BC to 1070 BC.


1070s in art
The  decade of the 1070s in art involved some significant events.


1070s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1070s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted:


1070s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1071
Year 1071 (MLXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1071 Brita
1071 Brita, provisional designation 1924 RE, is a dark asteroid from the background population of the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 50 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1924, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the island of Great Britain.


1071 Brita, Orbit and classification
Brita is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer rim of the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,712 days; semi-major axis of 2.80 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.


1071 Brita, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A910 EB at Heidelberg Observatory in March 1910. The body's observation arc begins at Lowell Observatory in October 1931, more than 7 years after its official discovery observation Simeiz.


1071 Brita, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Brita is an Xk-subtype that transitions from the X-type to the rare K-type asteroids.


1071 Brita, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In 2001, a first, fragmentary lightcurve of Brita was published by a group of Brazilian and Argentine astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.8 hours with a brightness variation of 0.38 magnitude (U=1). Between 2008 and 2016, photometric observations gave three well-defined periods of 5.805, 5.8158 and 5.8169 hours and an amplitude of 0.19, 0.23 and 0.20 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3/3).


1071 Brita, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Brita measures between 39.45 and 64.23 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.07.


1071 Brita, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0486 and a diameter of 50.14 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.4.


1071 Brita, Naming
This minor planet was named after the island of Great Britain, where the discovering observatory's 1-meter telescope was built. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel, learned about the naming circumstances from Crimean astronomers N. Solovaya and N. S. Chernykh (see 2325 Chernykh).


10711 Pskov
10711 Pskov, provisional designation 1982 TT2, is a dark asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1982, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula, and later named for the Russian city of Pskov.


10711 Pskov, Orbit and classification
Pskov orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,657 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins 27 years prior to its official discovery observation, with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in November 1955.


10711 Pskov, Physical characteristics
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pskov measures 13.01 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.076, which is rather typical for a carbonaceous C-type asteroid of the main-belt.


10711 Pskov, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2017, Pskov's rotation period, composition and shape remain unknown.


10711 Pskov, Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of the old Russian city of Pskov, located near the border to Estonia, where Velikaya River enters Lake Peipus (Pskov lake). The city was first mentioned in the 10th century, and is now an administrative, industrial and cultural center. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 July 2002 (M.P.C. 46102).


1072
Year 1072 (MLXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1072 Malva
1072 Malva, provisional designation 1926 TA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 October 1926, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Malva (mallow).


1072 Malva, Orbit and classification
Malva is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.9 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,057 days; semi-major axis of 3.17 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in October 1926.


1072 Malva, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Observations performed by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, during 2007 produced a lightcurve with a period of 10.080 ± 0.005 hours and a brightness range of 0.17 ± 0.02 in magnitude (U=3). Another lightcurve obtained by Italian amateur astronomers Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini at the Sozzago Astronomical Station (A12) gave a period of 9.0127 hours with an amplitude of 0.17 magnitude (U=2).


1072 Malva, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Malva measures between 45.05 and 53.675 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.032 and 0.0549.


1072 Malva, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0458 and a diameter of 44.97 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7.


1072 Malva, Naming
This minor planet was named after the genus of flowering plants, Malva, also known as mallow. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 101).


1072 Malva, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200), and also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1073
Year 1073 (MLXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1073 Gellivara
1073 Gellivara, provisional designation 1923 OW, is a dark Themistian asteroid, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 14 September 1923, and later named after the Swedish town of Gällivare.


1073 Gellivara, Orbit and classification
Gellivara is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602), a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,079 days; semi-major axis of 3.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Vienna on 1 October 1923, two weeks after its official discovery observation.


1073 Gellivara, Naming
This minor planet was named by Austrian astronomer Joseph Rheden with the consent of the discoverer's second wife, Anna Palisa, after the small Swedish town of Gällivare in Lapland, where astronomers witnessed the total eclipse of the Sun in 1927. Gellivara was the discoverer's last discovery. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 101).


1073 Gellivara, Physical characteristics
Gellivara is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type of the Themis family.


1073 Gellivara, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In November 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Gellivara was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 11.32 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.35 magnitude (U=2).


1073 Gellivara, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gellivara measures between 22.10 and 35.73 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0241 and 0.07. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with IRAS and derives an albedo of 0.0289 with a diameter of 35.76 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.7.


1073 papal election
The 1073 papal election (held 22 April) saw the election of Hildebrand of Sovana (who took the papal name Gregory VII) as successor to Pope Alexander II.


1073 papal election, Cardinal-electors
The papal bull "In nomine Domini" written by Pope Nicholas II in 1059, reformed the papal election process and only permitted cardinal-bishops to elect a new Pope, with the consent of minor clergy. In April 1073 there were four, the available data indicate that only two were present in Rome at the time of Alexander II's death:


1073 papal election, Cardinal-electors, Absent
Two cardinal bishops were absent, one of them was on a foreign legation, and the second was also a Benedictine abbot and not a resident of Rome:


1073 papal election, Death of Alexander II and the election of Gregory VII
The day after the death of Alexander II which was on 21 April 1073, as the obsequies were being performed in the Lateran Basilica, there arose a loud outcry from the clergy and people: "Let Hildebrand be pope! ", "Blessed Peter has chosen Hildebrand the Archdeacon!" Later, on the same day, Hildebrand was conducted to the Church of Saint Peter in Chains and elected Pope there in legal form by the assembled cardinals, with the due consent of the Roman clergy, amid the repeated acclamations of the people. Bonizo of Sutri places the funeral and election on 22 April.


1073 papal election, Death of Alexander II and the election of Gregory VII
It was debated at the time – and remains debated by historians – whether this extraordinary outburst in favor of Hildebrand by clergy and people was wholly spontaneous or could have been the result of some pre-concerted arrangements. Certainly, the mode of his election was highly criticized by his opponents.


1073 papal election, Death of Alexander II and the election of Gregory VII
Many of the charges brought may have been expressions of personal dislike, liable to suspicion from the very fact that they were not raised to attack his promotion until several years later; but it is clear from his own account of the circumstances of his election that it was conducted in a very irregular fashion, and that the forms prescribed by the law of 1059 were not observed. Above all, the requirement of Pope Nicholas II that the Holy Roman Emperor be consulted in the matter was ignored. However, what ultimately turned the tide in favor of validity of Gregory's election was the near universal acclaim of the Roman people. In this sense, his election hearkened back to the earliest centuries of the Church of Rome, regardless of later canonical legislation.


1073 papal election, Death of Alexander II and the election of Gregory VII
Gregory's earliest pontifical letters clearly acknowledge this fact, and thus helped defuse any doubt about his election as immensely popular. On 22 May 1073 he received priestly ordination, and became pope on 30 June when he was ordained a bishop.


1073 papal election, Death of Alexander II and the election of Gregory VII
In the decree of election, those who had chosen him as Bishop of Rome proclaimed Gregory VII “a devout man, a man mighty in human and divine knowledge, a distinguished lover of equity and justice, a man firm in adversity and temperate in prosperity, a man, according to the saying of the Apostle, of good behavior, blameless, modest, sober, chaste, given to hospitality, and one that ruleth well his own house; a man from his childhood generously brought up in the bosom of this Mother Church, and for the merit of his life already raised to the archidiaconal dignity”. “We choose then”, they said to the people, “our Archdeacon Hildebrand to be pope and successor to the Apostle, and to bear henceforward and forever the name of Gregory” (22 April 1073).


1073 papal election, Death of Alexander II and the election of Gregory VII
Gregory's first attempts in foreign policy were towards a reconciliation with the Normans of Robert Guiscard; in the end the two parties did not meet. After a failed call for a crusade to the princes of northern Europe, and after obtaining the support of other Norman princes such as Landulf VI of Benevento and Richard I of Capua, Gregory was able to excommunicate Robert in 1074. In the same year Gregory summoned a council in the Lateran palace, which condemned simony and confirmed celibacy for the Church's clergy. These decrees were further stressed, under menace of excommunication, the next year (24–28 February). In particular, Gregory decreed in this second council that only the Pope could appoint or depose bishops or move them from see to see, an act which was later to cause the Investiture Controversy.


1074
Year 1074 (MLXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1074 Beljawskya
1074 Beljawskya, provisional designation 1925 BE, is a Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter.


1074 Beljawskya
It was discovered on 26 January 1925, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. It was named in honor of its discoverer.


1074 Beljawskya, Orbit and classification
Beljawskya is a member of the Themis family, a dynamical family of outer-belt asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,042 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.


1074 Beljawskya, Orbit and classification
It was first identified as A912 VN at Winchester Observatory (799) in 1912. The body's observation arc begins with its identification as A923 TA at Simeiz in 1923, almost two years prior to its official discovery observation.


1074 Beljawskya, Physical characteristics, Photometry
In October 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Beljawskya was obtained by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 6.284 hours with a brightness variation of 0.37 magnitude (U=3). Photometric observations in the R-band at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in September 2013, gave a concurring period of 6.285 hours with an amplitude of 0.32 magnitude (U=2).


1074 Beljawskya, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Beljawskya measures between 39.91 and 52.28 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.066 and 0.08 (without preliminary results).


1074 Beljawskya, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0646 and a diameter of 47.70 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.2. CALL also classifies the dark Themistian asteroid as a S-type rather than a C-type body.


1074 Beljawskya, Naming
Proposed by staff members of the discovering Simeis Observatory, this minor planet was named in honor of its discoverer Sergey Ivanovich Belyavsky (1883–1953). He also discovered the hyperbolic comet C/1911 S3 that was visible to the naked eye. Between 1912 and 1927, he has discovered 36 numbered minor planets. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).


1075
Year 1075 (MLXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1075 Helina
1075 Helina, provisional designation 1926 SC, is a stony Eos asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 29 September 1926, by astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the discoverer's son, Helij Neujmin.


1075 Helina, Orbit and classification
Helina is a member the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family of the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,909 days; semi-major axis of 3.01 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.


1075 Helina, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first identified as A906 YG at Heidelberg Observatory in December 1906. The body's observation arc begins at Simeiz Observatory in October 1926, nine days after its official discovery observation.


1075 Helina, Naming
This minor planet was named after Helij Grigorevich Neujmin (1910–1982), a son of discoverer Grigory Neujmin. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel learned about the naming circumstances from Crimean astronomers I. I. Neyachenko and N. S. Chernykh (see 2325 Chernykh).


1075 Helina, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Helina is a stony S-type asteroid with an unusual spectra (SU).


1075 Helina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In March 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Helina was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 44.554 hours with a brightness variation of 0.91 magnitude (U=2). In April 2013, European amateur astronomers Matthieu Bachschmidt, Paul Krafft, Olivier Gerteis, Hubert Gully and Luc Arnold measured a period of 44.9 hours with an amplitude of 0.64 magnitude (U=3-).


1075 Helina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
While not being a slow rotator, Helina has a longer-than average period. Its high brightness amplitude is also indicative for an elongated or irregular shape, rather than a spherical one.


1075 Helina, Physical characteristics, Poles
The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled several times. It gave a concurring period of 44.6768 and 44.677 hours, respectively. Modelling in the 2018-study also gave two spin axis of (127.0°, −43.0.0°) and (280.0°, −44.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1075 Helina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Helina measures between 26.198 and 37.93 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.11 and 0.129. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.1220 and a diameter of 35.52 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.15.


1076
Year 1076 (MLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1076 Viola
1076 Viola /ˈvaɪ.ələ/, provisional designation 1926 TE, is a Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 October 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Viola.


1076 Viola, Orbit and classification
Viola is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements. The asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Nysa family (405), the largest asteroid family of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after 44 Nysa, is located near the Kirkwood gap (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt.


1076 Viola, Orbit and classification
Viola orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,422 days; semi-major axis of 2.47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in January 1951, or more than 24 years after its official discovery observation.


1076 Viola, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Viola is a rare F-type asteroid, while in the SMASS taxonomy, it is classified as a common, carbonaceous C-type.


1076 Viola, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In the 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of Viola was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.336 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.12 magnitude (U=3). A tentative period of 14.4 hours was measured by French amateur astronomer René Roy in January 2009, but later retracted from the LCDB (U=n.a. ).


1076 Viola, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Viola measures between 21.412 and 26.39 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.032 and 0.0428.


1076 Viola, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0415 and a diameter of 22.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.30.


1076 Viola, Naming
This minor planet was named after Viola, a genus of flowering plants within the violet family. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).


1076 Viola, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1077
Year 1077 (MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1077 Campanula
1077 Campanula, provisional designation 1926 TK, is a presumed Erigonian asteroid, approximately 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) in diameter, located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 6 October 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the bellflower Campanula.


1077 Campanula, Classification and orbit
Campanula is considered to be a member of the Erigone family (406), which is named after 163 Erigone, while other sources classify it as a background asteroid, not associated to any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,353 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, 2 months after its official discovery observation.


1077 Campanula, Naming
This minor planet was named for the bellflower Campanula. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).


1077 Campanula, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1077 Campanula, Physical characteristics
Campanula is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, which is not in line with the darker C- and X-types seen among the Erigonian asteroids.


1077 Campanula, Physical characteristics, Rotation period and poles
Several rotational lightcurves of Campanula were obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.847 to 3.852 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24 to 0.40 magnitude (U=3-/3/3/3). A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 3.850486 hours (U=n.a. ), as well as two spin axis of (178.0°, 76.0°) and (313.0°, 59.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).


1077 Campanula, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to observations taken at the Balzaretto Observatory (A81) and the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Campanula measures between 7.55 and 9.709 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.225 and 0.33. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.40 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.50.


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment
The 1077th Anti-aircraft Regiment (Russian: 1077-й зенитный артиллерийский полк, 1077-y zenitnyy artilleriyskiy polk) under Colonel Raiynin, was a unit of the Stalingrad Corps Region of the Soviet Air Defence Forces which fought during the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942. The Stalingrad Corps Region was part of the Stalingrad Military District and later subordinated to the Stalingrad Front during the battle for the city. The regiment, like many of the anti-aircraft units, was made up almost entirely of teenage female volunteers, barely out of high school. They are mostly known for their bravery in the defense of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), when they engaged an advancing Panzer unit by setting their guns to the lowest elevation and firing them directly at the advancing tanks.


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Training and materials
English-language sources about this unit are sparse and contradictory. What seems clear is that, like most of the anti-aircraft units, they were poorly trained and under-supplied with ammunition. They probably did not have armour piercing rounds, but rather fragmentation 'flak' rounds, and it is questionable how effective these would have been against armour. Their guns were M1939 guns which were 37mm copies of Bofors.


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Defence of Stalingrad
On August 23, 1942, the German 6th Army launched its offensive on Stalingrad. After extensive bombing which turned much of the city into an inferno, the 16th Panzer Division advanced unresisted until it reached Gumrak airport, 15 km northwest of the city, where the tanks came under fire from anti-aircraft guns.


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Defence of Stalingrad
The 16th Panzer Division recorded that "right until afternoon we had to fight 'shot for shot' against 37 anti-aircraft positions manned by tenacious fighting women, until all were destroyed."


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Defence of Stalingrad
The Soviet official history of the war also makes mention of this action:


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Defence of Stalingrad
The anti-aircraft troops first engaged the Panzers on August 23rd on the northern outskirts of the city. An attack from this quarter by the enemy had been unexpected, and so there were no rifle units in position to assist the batteries of the 1077th Anti- Aircraft Regiment in their defense against the strong concentration of German tanks and motorized infantry. Under the command of Colonel W. S. German, for two days the regiment fought alone and repelled the assaults of German submachine-gunners. During the combat, the regiment destroyed or damaged 83 tanks and 15 other vehicles carrying infantry, destroyed or dispersed over three battalions of assault infantry, and shot down 14 aircraft.


1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Defence of Stalingrad
The 1077th Anti- Aircraft Regiment remained in service with the Soviet forces to the end of the war. In May 1945, the regiment was part of the 86th Air Defense Forces Division, itself subordinated to the Southwestern Front. In 1945, the 86th Division was charged with air defense support for the Kharkov and Odessa Military Regions, and also for the Independent Coastal Army.


1078
Year 1078 (MLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1078 Mentha
1078 Mentha, provisional designation 1926 XB, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 December 1926, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. Only in 1958, it was realized that this object was a rediscovery of an already numbered but lost asteroid (864 Aase).


1078 Mentha
The asteroid was named after the flowering plant of the mint family, Mentha. It has a longer-than average spin rate of 85 hours and possibly an irregular, elongated shape.


1078 Mentha, Identification with former lost asteroid
Sometimes, discovered objects turn out to be a rediscovery of a previously lost minor planet. This can be determined by calculating the "new" object's orbit (once it is firmly known) backwards and checking its past positions against those previously recorded for the lost object. Nowadays these identities between two objects are found before they are numbered.


1078 Mentha, Identification with former lost asteroid
In 1958, however, French astronomer André Patry at Nice Observatory found such identity between Mentha, 1926 XB, and the lost minor planet 864 Aase, A917 CB, which had never been re-observed after its discovery by Max Wolf in 1917. Since it was realized that Mentha and Aase were one and the same object, the Minor Planet Center resolved this conflict by keeping everything associated with "1078 Mentha", adding the two oppositional observations by Max Wolf from 1917, and completely vacated "864 Aase", reusing its name and number for another, unrelated discovery made by Reinmuth.


1078 Mentha, Orbit and classification
Mentha is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,249 days; semi-major axis of 2.27 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.


1078 Mentha, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first observed as A917 CB at Heidelberg in February 1907 (which is the original discovery of 864 Aase, before vacated). The body's observation arc begins at Simeiz Observatory in March 1924, almost four years prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.


1078 Mentha, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Mentha is a common stony S-type asteroid.


1078 Mentha, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In February 1989, a first rotational lightcurve of Mentha was obtained from photometric observations by Polish astronomer Wiesław Wiśniewski. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 85 hours with a brightness variation of 0.87 magnitude (U=3). In February 2013, a similar period of 82.870 hours with an amplitude of 0.65 magnitude was measured by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California (U=2). A high brightness amplitude is typically indicative for an elongated rather than spherical shape. Its long period is close to that of slow rotators.


1078 Mentha, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Mentha measures between 9.94 and 15.37 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.126 and 0.343.


1078 Mentha, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with Petr Pravec's revised WISE data and takes an albedo of 0.1641 and a diameter of 13.68 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.9.


1078 Mentha, Naming
This minor planet was named after Mentha, a flowering herb of the mint family. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).


1078 Mentha, Naming, Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).


1079
Year 1079 (MLXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1079 Life
1079 Life (callsign: 5RAM) is a Christian radio station in Adelaide, South Australia. 1079 Life broadcasts on the 107.9 MHz frequency.


1079 Life, History
1079 Life began broadcasting on October the 6th, 1993. But it was 20 years of preparation and planning before then that brought the dream into a reality. The station began broadcasting under the name "Alta Mira FM". Later it was renamed "Life FM".


1079 Life, History
In September 2016, Life FM rebranded and changed its name to "1079 Life", dropping the FM in the title in recognition of the emergence of digital radio, not just the FM band.


1079 Life, History
The station has been an incubator for local media talent in Adelaide, most notably Brenton Ragless and Kate Collins, who began with 1079 Life hosting the evening show. Bothare now with the Nine Network on their prime time news show.


1079 Life, Format
Breakfast and Drive shows are both run as magazine programs with a sampling of the latest adult contemporary and Christian music breaking up the segments on news, opinion and lifestyle. There are also sport, music and talk programs throughout the week.


1079 Life, Format
1079 Life won a SACBA award for Community Engagement in 2014.


1079 Life, Format
The station has won 3 SANFL Media Awards, "Best Commentary" in 2004 & 2008 and "Best Radio Interview" in 2007. 1079 Life also simulcasts Nine News from 6pm weeknights.


1079 Life, Related stations
100.7 Riverland Life FM based in Loxton was formed with help from 1079 Life in Adelaide.


1079 Mimosa
1079 Mimosa, provisional designation 1927 AD, is a stony Karin or Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 January 1927, by Belgian–American astronomer George Van Biesbroeck at the Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Mimosa.


1079 Mimosa, Orbit and classification
Based on the Hierarchical Clustering Method, which uses the object's proper orbital elements, Mimosa is a member of the stony Karin family (610), a mid-sized asteroid family named after its parent body 832 Karin. The asteroid has also been grouped into the much larger Koronis family (605).


1079 Mimosa, Orbit and classification
Mimosa orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,779 days; semi-major axis of 2.87 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Williams Bay in January 1927.


1079 Mimosa, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Mimosa is a stony S-type asteroid, which matches the overall spectral type of both the Karin and Koronis family. Pan-STARRS' photometric survey also characterized the asteroid as a common S-type.


1079 Mimosa, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Several fragmentary rotational lightcurves of Mimosa have been obtained from photometric observations since 1983. Lightcurve analysis gave a consolidated rotation period of 64.6 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.07 and 0.13 magnitude (U=2-). While not being a slow rotator, this is a notably longer-than average period as most asteroids take less than 20 hours to complete a full rotation. However, the period is based on a fragmentary lightcurve and still may change significantly. As of 2017, no secure period has been obtained.


1079 Mimosa, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS (PDS IMPS) and the Japanese Akari satellite, Mimosa measures between 19.01 and 20.69 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1367 and 0.174. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1332 and a diameter of 20.67 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.23.


1079 Mimosa, Naming
This minor planet was named after the flowering plant Mimosa, a genus of herbs and shrubs of the legume family Fabaceae (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).


1079th Garrison Support Unit
Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (subdued) of the then 79th Army Reserve Command worn by Soldiers of the 1079th USAR Garrison


1079th Garrison Support Unit
The 1079th Garrison Support Unit (GSU) was a unit in the United States Army Reserve (USAR). Based at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, the unit initially formed its first ranks in 1986 under the command of Colonel Phillip Petter. The mission of the unit was to process military pay and personnel records and prepare the units for mobilizing to combat zones oversees. March 1996 the 1079th moved to Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, which is commonly known as Fort Dix. There the unit served as an Installation Support Battalion and mobilization readiness unit.


1079th Garrison Support Unit
During 1999 the 1079th supported Fort Dix in handling two major military operations. Soldiers from the unit helped process troops from hurricane-ravaged Central America in Joint Horizons I and II. They also supported post in Operation Provide Refuge. The 1079th also received many citations for their contributions and efforts in support of Kosovo refugees. In August 2008 the unit reunited at Fort Indiantown Gap to hold a discontinuation ceremony. It officially disbanded in September 2008.


1079th Garrison Support Unit, Activation for Global War on Terrorism (GWOT)
After the 9/11 attacks, Army Guard and Reserve units would mobilize on Activity Duty Reserve orders in support of Operation Noble Eagle. On October 25, 2001, the 1079th received provisional orders in lieu of the attacks. The 1079th's mission was to process soldiers deployed to Fort Dix. Under the command of Colonel Emil H. Philobosian, the unit along with civilian staff ensured the processing of heavy volumes of Army Reserve and National Guard units to deploy overseas in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.


107mm M1938 mortar
The Soviet 107mm M1938 mortar was a scaled-down version of the 120mm M1938 mortar intended for use by mountain troops and light enough to be towed by animals on a trolley.


107mm M1938 mortar, History
In World War II, the 107mm mortar saw service with Soviet mountain infantry as a divisional artillery weapon. Weapons captured by the Germans were given the designation 10.7 cm Gebirgsgranatwerfer 328(r). Its last significant use in battle was in the Vietnam War. The ability to break down the weapon made it particularly suited to the rugged terrain of Vietnam.


107mm M1938 mortar, History
The mortar fired a lighter high explosive round (OF-841) and a heavier HE round (OF-841A). The lighter HE round actually carried a larger bursting charge than the heavier round. Both rounds used GVMZ-series point detonation fuzes.


107mm M1938 mortar, History
Recently, the weapon has been seen in use by rebel forces during the 2011 Libyan civil war.


107th (Bengal Infantry) Regiment of Foot
The 107th (Bengal Infantry) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised by the East India Company in 1765. Under the Childers Reforms, it amalgamated with the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Sussex Regiment.


107th (Bengal Infantry) Regiment of Foot, History, Early history
The regiment as first raised by the East India Company as the 3rd Bengal European Regiment, when it was formed from the 1st Bengal Europeans in 1765. It went to take part in an action at Rohilkhand in April 1774 during the First Rohilla War. It served in India until it was absorbed by the 1st and 2nd Bengal Europeans in 1798.


107th (Bengal Infantry) Regiment of Foot, History, The Victorian era
The regiment was re-raised as the 3rd Bengal (European) Light Infantry in 1854 and then saw action in India in 1857 during the Indian Rebellion. After the Crown took control of the Presidency armies in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion, the regiment became the 3rd Bengal Light Infantry in November 1859. It was then renumbered as the 107th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Light Infantry) on transfer to the British Army in September 1862. It embarked for England in 1875.


107th (Bengal Infantry) Regiment of Foot, History, The Victorian era
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 107th was linked with the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 43 at Roussillon Barracks in Chichester. On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Sussex Regiment.


107th (Ulster) Brigade
107 (Ulster) Brigade was based in Ballymena and was, most recently before its disbandment, the British Army Regional Brigade responsible for administering the Territorial Army within Northern Ireland.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, World War I
The Brigade traces its historic title back to the First World War when the original 107th Infantry Brigade fought with distinction, alongside its sister formations of 108th Infantry Brigade and 109th Infantry Brigade, as the senior component of 36th (Ulster) Division. In September 1914 it was raised the 1st Brigade of that Division, but on 2 November 1914 it was renumbered 107. The 36th Division itself had been formed in September 1914 as part of the New Armies raised by Kitchener. It consisted of the old Ulster Volunteer Force, which had originally been raised to resist the imposition of Home Rule.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, World War I
Casualties throughout the War meant that many of the original battalions were to be amalgamated or disbanded as hostilities continued. In early 1918, on re-organisation, 107 Brigade consisted of the 1st and 2nd (Regular) and the 15th (Service) Battalions of the Royal Irish Rifles. In March 1918 the 36th Division, in the St Quentin Sector, was part of the Fifth Army and it was upon this Army that the main weight of the German spring offensive fell. The retreat which followed ended on 29 March and the Ulster Division moved north to the Ypres Salient. It thereafter took part in the successful offensive operations, which culminated in the cessation of hostilities in November 1918.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, World War I
The 36th Division was demobilised between January and June 1919, having suffered 32,186 casualties during the war.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, World War I, Order of battle World War I
From 5 November 1915 to 3 February 1916, the 107th Brigade was attached to 4th Division


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, Post-World War II
The second 107 Brigade was to be a Territorial Army formation. The Territorial Army throughout the United Kingdom was reconstituted in 1947 and, for the first time, there was a full scale TA organisation of all Arms in Ulster. Authority was given by the War Office for the formation on 1 January 1947 of 107 (Ulster) Independent Infantry Brigade (TA). Also at this time, Territorial infantry battalions of the three Regular infantry regiments of Northern Ireland were being formed, in addition to the various supporting Arms and Services.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, Modern times
In July 1965 it became known that the reorganisation of the Territorial Army into the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve would entail the disbandment of 107 (Ulster) Brigade on 31 March 1967. This was part of the complete reorganisation, announced in the 1966 Defence White Paper, which abolished the former regimental and divisional structure of the Territorial Army.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, Modern times
A cell within Headquarters Northern Ireland then oversaw the administration of the Territorial Army in Northern Ireland until the decision was taken that 107 Brigade would again enter the British Army's Order of Battle and this took place on 2 November 1988. It was formed as an administrative headquarters to coordinate the TA units in Northern Ireland. It only became a deployable formation in the 1990s.


107th (Ulster) Brigade, History, Modern times
The Brigade merged on 15 December 2006 into the 39 Infantry Brigade, which was itself replaced by the new regional brigade headquarters, 38 (Irish) Brigade, on 1 August 2007.


107th Attack Wing
The 107th Attack Wing (107 ATKW) is a unit of the New York Air National Guard, stationed at Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station, New York. The 107th is equipped with the MQ-9 Reaper. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command.


107th Attack Wing
The mission of the 107th Attack Wing mission is to provide "Global Vigilance and Strike Capability in support of federal authorities while maintaining the highest level of readiness for state contingencies." New York Air National Guard personnel carry out the unit's mission by providing surveillance and strike support, maintenance, supply, transportation, contracting, communications, civil engineering, personnel, base services, security forces and medical functions.


107th Attack Wing, History, World War II
The unit was formed at Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia, in August 1942 as the 339th Bombardment Group, a Third Air Force Operational Training Unit (OTU), equipped with A-24 Banshee dive bombers. Redesignated a fighter-bomber group in August 1943, the 339th moved to California in September 1943 as part of Desert Training Center in Mojave Desert.


107th Attack Wing, History, World War II
After the A-24 was taken out of combat service, trained with P-39 Airacobras and became combat ready, being reassigned to VIII Fighter Command in England, April 1944. Redesignated the 339th Fighter Group, with the 503rd, 504th and 505th Fighter Squadrons, it was based at RAF Fowlmere, England.


107th Attack Wing, History, World War II
Among all these varied activities, the outstanding feature of this group's combat record is the 235 enemy aircraft it destroyed in the air and 440 on the ground during its one year of operations.


107th Attack Wing, History, World War II
The group returned to the United States in October and was inactivated on 18 October 1945.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
The wartime 339th Fighter Group was redesignated as the 107th Fighter Group, and was allotted to the New York Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport, New York, and was extended federal recognition on 8 December 1948 and activated by the National Guard Bureau. The 107th Fighter Group was bestowed the lineage, history, honors, and colors of the 339th Fighter Group and all predecessor units. It was assigned to the NY Air National Guard 52d Fighter Wing.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
Due to its air defense commitment, the group's 136th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was not mobilized during the 1991 Gulf Crisis. However, the 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group deployed firefighter and medical personnel as backfilled personnel to stateside bases vacated by active-duty personnel deployed to the Middle East.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
In 1992, with the end of the Cold War, the 107th adopted the Air Force Objective Organization plan, and the unit was re-designated as the 107th Fighter Group. On 1 October 1995, in accordance with the Air Force "One Base - One Wing" policy, the 107th Fighter Wing was established and the 136th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the new 107th Operations Group.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
With the arrival of the KC-135R Stratotanker in March 1994, the 107th Fighter Wing converted from an air defense to an aerial refueling mission and was re-designated as the 107th Air Refueling Wing. The wing also used the KC-135R as a cargo and passenger transport.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
Since 1996, the 136th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron was formed and deployed in support of world contingencies including Operations to include, but not limited to, Strong Resolve 2002, Operation Uphold Democracy, Operation Deny Flight, Operation Decisive Endeavor, Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom and the Northeast Tanker Task Force.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
In November 2007, the wing was notified that it would become an airlift unit. This was directed by the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission decisions. It became an associate unit to the Air Force Reserve Command 914th Airlift Wing that was already based at Niagara Falls. The 914th Airlift Wing was transferred responsibility for the C-130H2 Hercules aircraft used by the 136th, and airmen from both units jointly operated them. With this change, the Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station received additional C-130 aircraft from the Tennessee ANG 118th Airlift Wing in Nashville. Tennessee. The 136th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron has deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
During Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012, members of the unit deployed to New York City and Long Island to assist in recovery operations. The unit was deployed first to Stewart Air National Guard Base in Newburgh and then traveled to Peekskill, which is in Westchester County. As part of the recovery effort, unit members performed road clearing, traffic control, helping displaced personnel with feeding and getting them back in their housing and getting them out of flood-stricken areas.


107th Attack Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
It was announced in early 2012 that federal budget reductions would affect the mission of the 107th Airlift Wing. During 2014 the 107th began transitioning to the MQ-9 Reaper unmanned aircraft mission from the C-130 mission, having flown the last C-130 flight in December 2015. The 107th was officially re-designated the 107th Attack Wing on 15 March 2017. As a result, the association between the 107th AW and the 914th AW of the Air Force Reserves, has ended and all C-130H2 aircraft transferred into sole possession of the 914th AW. The 107th is the second New York Air National Guard wing to assume the remotely piloted aircraft mission.


107th Aviation Regiment (United States)
The 107th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the United States Army, primarily provided by the Army National Guard. The 1st Battalion, 107th Aviation, is an air operations battalion in the Tennessee Army National Guard. It is part of the 30th Troop Command.


107th Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF
The 107th Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Great War Canadian Expeditionary Force. The 107th Battalion was authorized on 4 November 1915 and embarked for Britain on 19 September 1916. The battalion was converted to Pioneers and served in France and Flanders as the 107th Pioneer Battalion. The battalion disbanded on 15 September 1920.


107th Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF
The 107th Battalion recruited in, and was mobilized at, Winnipeg, Manitoba.


107th Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF
The 107th Battalion was commanded by Lt.-Col. G. Campbell, DSO, from 18 September 1916 to 9 October 1917 and Lt.-Col. H.G. Walkem from 9 October 1917 to 28 May 1918.


107th Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF
The 107th Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF, is not perpetuated by the Canadian Army.


107th Cavalry Regiment
The 107th Cavalry Regiment, Ohio Army National Guard, is a parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, with headquarters at Hamilton, Ohio. It currently consists of the 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry Regiment, part of the 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (BUCKEYE), Ohio National Guard located throughout southwest Ohio.


107th Cavalry Regiment
Elements of the regiment were involved in the Kent State shootings during the Vietnam War.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, 19th century
The 1st Cleveland Troop organized on 28 April 1886 at Cleveland. It was redesignated in 1895 as Troop A (1st Cleveland Troop) before being expanded, reorganized, and redesignated on 3 May 1898 as Troops A, B, C, 1st Ohio Volunteer Cavalry; the remainder of regiment being organized from new and existing units. The 1st Ohio Volunteer Cavalry mustered into federal service 9–11 May 1898 at Camp Bushnell, Ohio; mustered out of federal service 22–24 October 1898 at Cleveland. The former Troop A (1st Cleveland Troop) reorganized on 14 April 1899 in the Ohio National Guard at Cleveland; Troop B reorganized on 12 December 1902 in the Ohio National Guard at Columbus.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Early 20th century
The unit reorganized on 25 July 1910 as the 1st Cavalry Squadron with headquarters at Cleveland (Troops C and D organized in 1911 at Cincinnati and Toledo, respectively). It was mustered into federal service on 6 July 1916 at Columbus and mustered out on 28 February 1917 at Fort Benjamin Harrison, IN.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Early 20th century
It expanded on 16 April 1917 as the 1st Cavalry. It was again expanded, converted, and redesignated on 23 May 1917 as the 2nd and 3rd Field Artillery then mustered into federal service on 15 July 1917 at Cleveland and Youngstown, respectively and drafted into federal service on 5 August 1917. The unit was reorganized and redesignated on 15 September 1917 as the 135th and the 136th Field Artillery, respectively, and assigned to the 37th Division before being demobilized on 10 April 1919 at Camp Sherman, Ohio.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Early 20th century
The unit was then again converted, reorganized, and federally recognized between 20 October 1919 – 18 November 1920 in the Ohio National Guard as the 1st Ohio Cavalry with headquarters at Cincinnati. It was later redesignated on 1 July 1921 as the 107th Cavalry, an element of the 22nd Cavalry Division, relocating its headquarters on 10 May 1927 to Cleveland.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, World War II
The 1st Ohio Cavalry consolidated on 1 November 1940 with the 22nd Reconnaissance Squadron (organized and federally recognized 15 September 1939 with headquarters at Cincinnati) and the consolidated unit was designated as the 107th Cavalry Regiment (United States); it was concurrently relieved from assignment to the 22nd Cavalry Division and was inducted into federal service on 5 March 1941 at its home stations in Ohio.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, World War II
The regiment was broken up on 1 January 1944 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows:


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, World War II
Headquarters and Headquarters Troop as Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, Mechanized.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, World War II
1st Squadron as the 22nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized (hereafter separate lineage).


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, World War II
After 1 January 1944, the above units underwent changes as follows:


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, Mechanized, inactivated 6 March 1945 at Camp Polk, LA;107th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized, inactivated 16 November 1945 at Camp Bowie, TX. The regiment was reorganized and federally recognized on 10 November 1947 as the 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron with headquarters at Cleveland.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, and 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron consolidated on 15 September 1949 with the 185th Tank Battalion (organized and federally recognized 12 December 1946 – 30 March 1949 with headquarters at Cincinnati) and the consolidated unit designated as the 107th Armored Cavalry at Cleveland (The 1st Squadron was allotted on 31 May 1977 to the West Virginia Army National Guard).


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
The 1970 riot at Kent State University resulted in the calling out of Troop G of the 2nd Squadron 107th Armored Cavalry, along with Companies A and C, 1-145th Infantry, Ohio Army National Guard (ARNG). Troop G was one of the units on the campus grounds, attempting to disperse the agitators and students after the burning of the ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) building. On 4 May 70, four Students were killed when the Guardsmen from Troop G fired to suppress the rioting crowd. A following court investigation found the Troop G Guardsmen guiltless of any wrongdoing.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
The 107th Armored Cavalry Regimental Headquarters were located on Green Road in Warrensville Township, Ohio. 1st Squadron 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment served in Cleveland, Ohio for police actions and riot control in 1966 and 1968. The Squadron was also called up for police actions in February 1975 when the independent truckers staged a strike over fuel prices. The 1st Squadron 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment was put on alert in October 1973 during the Arab/Israeli conflict.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
If activated the mission would have been to assume border patrols in Germany with Czechoslovakia to free up the 3rd Armored Cavalry to move to the Mid-East. From 1966 through 1977, 1st Squadron of the 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment consisted of: Squadron headquarters (HHT) and A Troop located in Ashtabula, Ohio. B Troop in Painesville, Ohio. C Troop in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. Company D (Tanks) and How Battery in Stow, Ohio.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
The regiment was reorganized and federally recognized on 10 November 1947 as the 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron with headquarters at Cleveland. Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, and 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron consolidated on 15 September 1949 with the 185th Tank Battalion (organized and federally recognized 12 December 1946 – 30 March 1949 with headquarters at Cincinnati) and the consolidated unit designated as the 107th Armored Cavalry at Cleveland (The 3rd Squadron was allotted on 1 May 1968 to the West Virginia Army National Guard as 1st Squadron 150th Armored Cavalry).


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post war
The regiment (minus 1st Squadron) reorganized on 1 May 1977 in the Ohio Army National Guard (Troop A, Support Squadron, was allotted on 1 October 1986 to the West Virginia Army National Guard and re-allotted on 15 October 1990 to the Ohio Army National Guard). It was placed on 1 June 1989 under the United States Army Regimental System consisting of the following units:


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post 1990
The 107th ACR was reorganized and redesignated on 1 September 1993 as the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, headquarters in Stow, Ohio (formerly the 3/107th ACR) and assigned to the 28th Infantry Division. The 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry, was assigned to the 37th Armor Brigade. On 1 September 1994 the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry and the 2nd Squadron 107th Cavalry, were realigned and assigned to the 37th Armor Brigade, 38th Infantry Division.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Post 1990
In September 2001, the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, was transferred from the 37th Brigade, 38th Infantry Division ("Cyclone") (Indiana Army National Guard) to the 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division ("Keystone") (Pennsylvania Army National Guard) with its headquarters remaining in Stow, Ohio.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Iraq
In October 2003, B and C Companies, and elements of Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) and Company A, of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry were activated at their home stations and traveled to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Fort Stewart, Georgia, for five months of mobilization training. There they were then attached to the 1st Battalion, 150th Armor (West Virginia Army National Guard), the 1st Battalion, 252nd


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Iraq
Armor (North Carolina Army National Guard), and Troop E, 196th Cavalry (North Carolina Army National Guard) respectively, for deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom II with North Carolina's 30th Brigade Combat Team under the 1st Infantry Division. These elements of the 1st Battalion operated in Iraq from February to December 2004, serving in Kirkush, Tuz Khurmatu, Jalawla, and Baghdad. They participated in the Transition of Iraq and Iraqi Governance campaigns and returned home in late December 2004.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Iraq
The battalion commander LTC Richard T. Curry and CSM Albert Whatmough along with the remaining companies continued their regular training cycle until October 2004, when the remaining companies of the 1–107th Cavalry were activated for service in Operation Iraqi Freedom III. One element of HHC 1–107th Cavalry was then deployed to Fort Dix, New Jersey for mobilization training and left for Kuwait in January 2005. The companies operated in Baghdad, Iraq and performed detainee operations at Camps Cropper and Victory.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Iraq
The headquarters was deployed to Fort McCoy, Wisconsin and arrived in Kuwait in December 2004 and deployed to Mosul, Iraq in late December. This element included LTC Richard T. Curry the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment Commander and CSM Albert Whatmough who both deployed with the battalion in 2004–2005 with the mission of establishing the Forward Operating Base (FOB) Endurance which later became known as FOB Q-West Base Complex 30 Kilometers south of Mosul, Iraq.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Iraq
The mission of LTC Curry and his staff were to provide command & control of the base, establish the Base Defense Operations Center, provide life support functions, establish base defense security, combat patrols and build the FOB from the ground up into the largest logistical hub operating in northern Iraq by the end of 2005, a mission that was accomplished prior to their departure.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Iraq
The FOB Endurance/Q-West Base Complex HQ elements of the 1–107th Cavalry were attached to the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment and received the Army Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC) for their accomplishments. The HHC/A Convoy Security Company conducted operations throughout Iraq logging in thousands of miles with no fatalities and provided excellent security for convoy elements. Elements of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry served within the 1st Cavalry Division, 4th Infantry Division, and 3rd Infantry Division areas of operations as units of the 18th and 42nd MP Brigades. The final elements returned home from Iraq in January 2006 reuniting the battalion. Both HHC/A detachments received the U.S. Army Meritorious Unit Commendation for their service.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Kosovo
The 2–107th Cavalry conducted peacekeeping operations in Kosovo under the Command of LTC John C. Harris in 2004–2005. The squadron was assigned as part of Task Force Falcon commanded by Brigadier General Tod J. Carmony (Deputy Commander 38th IN Division) and Deputy Commander (Maneuver) COL Jack E. Lee (37th Armor Brigade Commander), assigned an area of operations at Camp Bondsteel. The 2–107th Cavalry mobilized all of its units and 350 soldiers to support the deployment.


107th Cavalry Regiment, History, Kosovo
A total of 1,000 Ohio Army National Guard soldiers mobilized in June 2004 for four months of training prior to a six-month deployment to Kosovo as peacekeepers. The soldiers first trained at Camp Atterbury, IN., followed by more training in Germany. The soldiers arrived in Kosovo in September 2004 beginning their mission. In late February 2005 the Ohio Army National Guard welcomed home the 2nd Squadron 107th Cavalry Regiment after successfully completing the NATO peace keeping mission in Kosovo.


107th Cavalry Regiment, Reorganization
As the U.S. Army conducted its largest reorganization since the Second World War, the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, along with D Company from the 1st Battalion, 148th Infantry, as well as a company from the 112th Engineer Battalion, were chosen to form a new combined arms battalion within the 37th Brigade Combat Team, 38th Infantry Division. A change in designation was required and the unit uncased the new colors of the 1st Battalion, 145th Armored Regiment, effective 1 September 2007. With the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment redesignated as such, the only currently remaining element of the 107th Cavalry Regiment is the 2nd Squadron with headquarters at Cincinnati, Ohio.


107th Cavalry Regiment, Heraldry, Coat of arms
The shield is yellow for cavalry. The bend charged with the alerions, taken from the arms of Lorraine, is representative of World War I service and is red to indicate that the 107th Cavalry served as Field Artillery during World War I. The Roman Sword in sheath is for Spanish–American War service and the cactus for Mexican Border duty. The motto translates to "To Act, Not To Speak."


107th Cavalry Regiment, Heraldry, Coat of arms
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 107th Cavalry Regiment, Ohio National Guard on 8 March 1927. It was amended to correct the wording of the blazon of the shield on 17 June 1927. It was redesignated for the 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Ohio National Guard on 15 January 1952. The insignia was amended to add the crest of the State of West Virginia on 22 March 1971. It was amended to delete the crest of the State of West Virginia on 3 April 1975. The coat of arms was redesignated effective 1 September 1993, for the 107th Cavalry Regiment.


107th Delaware General Assembly
The 107th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 3, 1933, which was two weeks before the beginning of the fifth administrative year of Governor C. Douglass Buck and the first administrative year of Roy F. Corley as Lieutenant Governor.


107th Delaware General Assembly
Currently the distribution of the Senate Assembly seats was made to seven senators for New Castle County and for five senators to each Kent and Sussex counties. Likewise the current distribution of the House Assembly seats was made to fifteen representatives for New Castle County and for ten representatives each to Kent and Sussex counties. The actual population changes of the county did not directly affect the number of senators or representatives at this time.


107th Delaware General Assembly
In the 107th Delaware General Assembly session the Senate had a Republican majority and the House had a Democratic majority.


107th Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
About half of the State Senators were elected every two years for a four-year term. They were from a district in a specific county, with the number of districts determined by the state constitution, not the size of the population.


107th Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
All the State Representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were from a district in a specific county, with the number of districts determined by the state constitution, not the size of the population.


107th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 107th Division (第107師団, Dai-hyakunana Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Lull Division (凪兵団, Nagi Heidan). It was formed 16 May 1944 in Arxan as a triangular division. The nucleus for the formation was the 7th independent mixed regiment. The division was permanently assigned to the 44th army.


107th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
During a Soviet invasion of Manchuria the 107th division was ordered to march 600 km from Arxan to Changchun 12 August 1945. 14 August 1945, the advance elements of the 107th division were ambushed by the Soviet armoured regiment. 15 August 1945 the 107th division was cut from all communications, including radio, and fled to the Inder in Jalaid Banner mountainous region, breaking a contact with Soviet forces. The contact was re-established 25 August 1945, and the division formally surrendered 27 August 1945.


107th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
During the fighting, about 1500 division members perished. A further 2000 never returned after being taken prisoner by the Soviet Union. Although a small fraction of the prisoners returned to Japan in 1949, the majority were not released until 1956.


107th Engineer Battalion
The 107th Engineer Battalion is a large unit of the Michigan Army National Guard stationed in Ishpeming Michigan. The unit operates in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and is composed of the Headquarters Company stationed in Ishpeming and 1430th, 1431st, 1432nd, and 1437th Engineer Companies which are stationed across other various cities in Northern Michigan with the battalion headquarters in Ishpeming, Michigan. The 507th Engineer Battalion of the Michigan National Guard is regarded as the sister unit to the 107th because if consists of the same elements but is headquartered in the lower peninsula. The unit's motto is "Good as Done!"


107th Engineer Battalion, Beginning
The Battalion traces its history to the Michigan State Troops, which was the predecessor organization to the Michigan National Guard. In 1881 the Calumet Light Guard was formed, the unit to which the 107th Engineer Battalion traces its roots to. At the time Calumet was a prominent mining town and one of the more influential cities in Michigan.


107th Engineer Battalion, Beginning
The Battalion often traces its history to the civil war volunteer units raised in the Upper Peninsula, however since none of the men from those units went on to serve in the Calumet Light Guard the unit has no official lineage to the civil war. The 1431st Engineer Company is still stationed in Calumet Michigan and is therefore the most direct descendant of this unit. The Calumet Light Guard was  officially designated Company B, 2nd Battalion of Infantry.


107th Engineer Battalion, Early national service and WWI period
The unit was later re-designated Company D, 34th Michigan Volunteer Infantry and deployed to Santiago as part of the Spanish–American War. In 1906 the unit was converted to Company A, Michigan Engineer Corps. The newly formed engineer unit with a strength of 164 soldiers was mustered into federal service in June 1916 to aid in the Pancho Villa Expedition, deploying to perform border guard duty.


107th Engineer Battalion, Early national service and WWI period
Several months later the unit was once again called into active serve deployed as part of the US effort in World War I, coincidentally both the Pancho Villa Expedition and the American Expeditionary Force deployed to Europe were both led by General John J. Pershing. Part of the current motto of the battalion stems from this time period "In World War I we smashed every line the Germans held."


107th Engineer Battalion, Early national service and WWI period
The unit was mustered into of federal service in March 1917 and re designated as the 1st Engineer Battalion, taking part in Fourth Battle of Champagne which led to the eventual Armistice to be implemented 100 days later. During World War I the battalion formed under the 32nd Infantry Division, commonly known as the Red Arrow Division, which was composed of units from the Michigan and Wisconsin National Guard.


107th Engineer Battalion, Early national service and WWI period
While being transported to England aboard the unit's transport, the SS Tuscania, was struck by a U-boat torpedo, causing 200 casualties aboard the ship, however, all troops of Company A were able to safely board nearby escort destroyers. The unit's equipment was replaced prior to being deployed to France as it had been lost aboard the sunk ship. The unit was tasked with engineering duties such as removing obstacles which permeated WWI's trench warfare landscape, laying down defensive lines, as well as bridge construction and maintenance. Following the armistice the engineering unit was tasked with rebuilding 120 km of road in the war torn region as well as restoring public utilities in over 80 towns. The battalion was demobilized in 1919. In 1937 the unit was designated 1st Battalion, 107th Engineers giving it its current title.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
In 1940 the unit was mobilized as part of the 32nd Infantry Division once again to take part in World War II. Upon landing in Normandy the unit engaged in immediate engineer work. German forces created deliberate obstacles to slow the allied landing such as destroying bridges, roads, and laying mine fields. The unit was tasked with removing or fixing these obstacles to ensure the smooth flow of supplies.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
The unit engaged in combat during the Battle of the Bulge. On December 16, 1944 The unit was notified that the Germans had broken through allied lines and was ordered to form a defensive perimeter around Bullingen, Belgium. The battalion was split into three parts, Company A guarding the center line, B guarding the south, and C guarding the north.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
During the night soldiers reported troops moving on their positions, however due to poor communication it could not be made clear if these were allied troops falling back or the German troops preparing to attack the unit's position, therefore no order to fire was given. Eventually two waves of German infantry assaulted the battalion's position, each being held back. However, as dawn approached German troops launched an armored assault, utilizing their Tiger and Panzer tanks to attack Company B's position from the south. As the unit had no anti-tank weapons it was over ran by German forces.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
With Company B being over ran the unit was ordered to retreat. Company C located north of Bullingen managed to fight its way out of the city in the northern direction. Due to communication problems Company A did not receive any orders, holding its position in the center of town. The battalion headquarters regrouped west of Bullingen forming a new defensive line, and was forced into arming its support personnel such as cooks and drivers, as well as any stragglers who happened to join the unit as it retreated.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
By noon two platoons of Company B were able to make their way from behind German lines to rejoin the battalion headquarters at its newly formed defensive line. Likewise American reinforcements from the 612th Tank Destroyer Battalion arrived providing anti-tank guns against the German armor. This halted the German armored advance, however artillery attacks continued. Company A was also still holding its position in the center of Bullingen, failing to receive the retrieve order. The unit was so far ahead of the front line they were mistaken for German troops.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
The company commander eventually realized the unit had reformed at a new defensive line, rejoining the battalion. Despite holding the line against German forces the cost of the battle was high for the unit, with 28 soldiers KIA and 54 MIA. For their actions during the Battle of the Bulge the unit received the Presidential Unit Citation.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
The unit is perhaps most famous for building the longest tactical floating bridge in the world across the Rhine, being 1370 ft in length, which was built in the span of 14 hours. The bridge was nicknamed 'Victor Bridge' by the crossing troops The battalion was tasked with repairing the Killeda-Naumberg railroad, however the majority of the work was conducted by German POWs, with displaced Polish troops aiding in supervision. The unit was finally deployed to Pilsen, as part of Patton's Third Army's drive to liberate western Czechoslovakia.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
While American forces occupied western Pilsen Soviet troops took control of the east, allowing the unit's troops to become some of the first to contact Soviet soldiers during World War II. During the war the battalion as well as the commander, Lt. Colonel Jenkins, were awarded the French Croix de Guerre, 'for exceptional services rendered in operations for the liberation of France'.


107th Engineer Battalion, World War II
The 32nd Infantry Division was redeployed to the Pacific theater during the war, however the 107th Engineer Battalion did not deploy with them and was assigned to V corps. After the war the unit was organized into its present form as the 107th Engineer Battalion with headquarters in Ishpeming Michigan, owing to tradition the company stationed in Calumet Michigan was designated Company A, with Company B and Company C being stationed in Gladstone and Ironwood.


107th Engineer Battalion, Cold War
After being deployed in the Spanish American War, World War I, and World War II the unit was not activated into Federal service until the 21st century, however it was activated for State Emergencies such as the 1967 Detroit Riots, the 1976 Great Seney Fire, as well as several emergencies relating to the cold weather common in Northern Michigan. Beside deploying for state emergencies the unit took part of several building projects across Michigan such as constructing the 107th Engineer Highway near Silver City Michigan and constructing a hanging bridge in Camp Grayling. Michigan National Guard also formed a partnership with Latvia with soldiers training jointly overseas and in Michigan, being part of the Michigan National Guard the 107th Engineer Battalion has been a large participant in the program.


107th Engineer Battalion, War on Terror and Present Day
After not being mustered into federal service for over half a century soldiers of the 107th Engineer Battalion were once again activated in 2004 as part of the US War in Iraq. The battalion was reorganized. Each company was given its own table of organization and equipment, thus being able to deploy independently of the battalion headquarters.


107th Engineer Battalion, War on Terror and Present Day
Companies with separate tables of organization are assigned numbers, not letters, thus Company A was redesigned as the 1431st Engineer Company, this was done throughout the battalion, creating the 1430th, 1431st, 1432nd, and 1437th Engineer Companies, with the battalion headquarters retaining the designation of 107th Engineer Battalion. However, for historical reasons many soldiers continue to refer to their units by their previously assigned phonetic names, i.e. 1431st Company is sometimes referred to as Alpha Company.


107th Engineer Battalion, War on Terror and Present Day
Following the deployment of the 1437th in support of the initial invasion force in 2003, the 1431st and 1430th engineer companies were deployed to Iraq in 2004, battalion headquarters deployed in 2007, 1437th engineer company deployed elements to Iraq in 2009. The battalion then rotated deployments into Afghanistan as the Iraq War came to an end. The 1431st Engineer Company was re-classified as a combat engineer (Sapper) company and was activated to deploy to Afghanistan in November 2008 to conduct Route Clearance patrols.