100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Anzio, Rome, and the 442
The 100th was ordered to stay at the roadside on 4 June 10 kilometers from Rome. They watched other troops march by and never saw Rome. Instead, the 100th was taken 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Rome to Civitavecchia where on 11 June 1944, the 100th was attached to the newly arrived 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Because of its combat record, the 100th was allowed to keep their original designation, giving the newly formed all-Nisei fighting unit the name 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team under the 34th Division.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
The 442nd RCT was inactivated in Honolulu in 1946, but reactivated in 1947 in the U.S. Army Reserve. It was mobilized in 1968 to refill the Strategic Reserve during the Vietnam War, and carries on the honors and traditions of the unit. Today, the 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry, is the only ground combat unit of the Army Reserve. The battalion headquarters is at Fort Shafter, Hawaii, with subordinate units based in Hilo, American Samoa, Saipan, and Guam. The only military presence in American Samoa consists of the battalion's B and C companies.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
In August 2004, the battalion was mobilized for duty in Iraq. Stationed at Logistics Support Area Anaconda in the city of Balad, which is located about 50 miles northwest of Baghdad. Lt . Colonel Colbert Low assumed command of the battalion only a few weeks after the battalion arrived at Logistical Support Area Anaconda. In early 2006, the 100th had returned home. One soldier was killed by an improvised explosive device attack. Four members of the battalion were killed in action, and several dozen injured, before the battalion returned home.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
During the year-long deployment, one of Charlie Company's attached platoons, discovered over 50 weapons caches. Unlike the soldiers of World War II who were predominantly Japanese Americans, these soldiers came from as far away as Miami, Florida, Tennessee, Alaska and included soldiers from Hawaii, Philippines, Samoa and Palau. For their actions in Iraq the unit received the Meritorious Unit Commendation.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
The unit was once again deployed in 2009. The unit was called up alongside the 3rd brigade, 25th Infantry Division; and was assigned as an element of the 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Nominally deployed to Kuwait, it conducted patrols into Iraq, leading to two fatalities; those patrols consisted of more than a million miles of driving conducting convoy duty. During the unit's deployment, several dozen of the unit's American Samoan servicemembers became naturalized U.S. citizens while in Kuwait.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
Soldiers from the 100th Infantry Battalion gather in formation during an exercise in American Samoa in 1987.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
Soldiers of E Company, 100th/442nd train at Marine Corps Base Hawaii in 2011


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
Soldiers of E Company, 100th/442nd train in Hawaii in 2011.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Demobilization and rebirth
A team leader with E Company, 100th/442nd breaches the entrance of the "shoot house".


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Recognition
The nation's highest award for combat valor, the Medal of Honor, was conferred upon twenty-one members of the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of World War II.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Recognition
On 5 October 2010, Congress approved the granting of the Congressional Gold Medal to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and the 100th Infantry Battalion, as well as the 6,000 Japanese Americans who served in the Military Intelligence Service during the war. The Nisei Soldiers of World War II Congressional Gold Medal was collectively presented on 2 November 2011.


100th Infantry Battalion (United States), Recognition
In 2012, the surviving members of the 442nd RCT were made chevaliers of the French Légion d'Honneur for their actions contributing to the liberation of France during World War II and their heroic rescue of the Lost Battalion outside of Biffontaine.


100th Infantry Division (United States)
The 100th Training Division (Leader Development) (formerly the 100th Infantry Division) is a division of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Knox, Kentucky. It currently serves as a major training command of the United States Army Reserve. It has been known as the "Century Division" owing to its "100th" designation.


100th Infantry Division (United States)
Throughout its long history, the division has taken on numerous roles. Serving as the 100th Infantry Division until the 1950s, the division then briefly became the 100th Airborne Division before becoming the 100th Division (Training). Since this transformation, the division has primarily taken on numerous training roles for other Army units.


100th Infantry Division (United States)
It was originally activated in mid-1918, too late to join the fighting in World War I. The division is best known for its exploits during World War II as the 100th Infantry Division. Fighting in the European Theater, the division advanced through France and Germany through the end of the war, fending off heavy German counterattacks along the way. World War II would be the only war the division would see active combat in before taking on its role as a training unit.


100th Infantry Division (United States), History, World War I
The 100th Division was constituted on 12 July 1918 in the National Army. It was organized in October of that year at Camp Bowie, Texas. It was assigned the 199th Infantry Brigade commanding the 397th Infantry Regiment, the 398th Infantry Regiment and the 200th Infantry Brigade, commanding the 399th Infantry Regiment and the 400th Infantry Regiment. Each brigade commanded around 8,000 soldiers.


100th Infantry Division (United States), History, World War I
The division then began preparations to deploy to Europe and join the American Expeditionary Force in combating the Central Powers. Before the division could deploy, though, World War I ended on 11 November 1918, Armistice Day. The 100th Division then began demobilizing as part of the post-war drawdown of the U.S. Army. It would remain on the U.S. Army's rolls until 26 July 1919, when the last units demobilized at Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky.


100th Infantry Division (United States), History, Interwar period
Only two years later, on 24 June 1921, the division was reconstituted in the Organized Reserve, allotted to the Fifth Corps Area, and assigned to the XV Corps. The states of West Virginia and Kentucky were allotted as the division's home area, with its headquarters organized in Wheeling, West Virginia, on 27 September 1921. On 29 May 1923, the division received its shoulder sleeve insignia.


100th Infantry Division (United States), History, Interwar period
Most of the division's assigned Reserve officers were Reserve Officers' Training Corps graduates from West Virginia University, the University of Kentucky, or Western Kentucky State Teachers' College. As with most other Reserve divisions, the 100th saw little service in major maneuvers in the interwar period because of shortages of personnel and equipment, only conducting routine training and administering the Citizens' Military Training Camps in its home area. The headquarters location was changed in 1924 to Huntington, West Virginia and was changed again in 1937 to Charleston, West Virginia.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Mobilization
On 23 February 1942, the 199th and 200th Infantry Brigade headquarters were disbanded, and the division was placed in command of the 397th, 398th, and 399th Infantry Regiments directly; the 400th Infantry Regiment was inactivated by relief of Reserve personnel. The 100th Infantry Division was ordered into active military service on 15 November 1942 at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. The enlisted and officer cadre came from the 76th Infantry Division. The commander of the 100th was Major General Withers A. Burress, one of only eleven generals who commanded their divisions from mobilization until the end of the war.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Mobilization
From late 1943 to early 1944, the division trained in the mountains of Tennessee and was subsequently sent to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, for further training. While at Fort Bragg, Technical Sergeant Walter L. Bull earned the first Expert Infantryman's Badge.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Order of battle
The division sailed to Europe on 6 October of that year. The division arrived at Marseille, France on 20 October. It was made part of VI Corps of the Seventh United States Army, Sixth United States Army Group.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
As soon as the division was prepared for combat, it began moving into the Meurthe-et-Moselle region, and sent its first elements into combat at St. Remy in the Vosges Mountains on 1 November 1944. The division as a whole began the relief of the 45th Infantry Division at Baccarat on 5 November, and assumed control of the sector on 9 November. The attack jumped off on 12 November, and the division drove against the German Winter Line in the Vosges Mountains.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
The 100th took Bertrichamps and Clairupt, pierced the German line, and seized Raon-l'Étape and Saint-Blaise-Moyenmoutier between 16 and 26 November. Later in November the division moved into the Vosges region, elements assisted in holding the Saverne Gap bridgehead while the bulk of the division went into reserve. The unit was relieved from assignment to VI Corps and transferred to the US XV Corps on 27 November 1944. It then moved into the Moselle region.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
In December 1944, the division went on the offensive in the vicinity of Bitche, France. The division occupied the nearby areas of Wingen and Lemberg after fierce fighting on 6–10 December. The division then advanced to Reyersviller, which fell after fighting on 11–13 December. On 14 December, regiments from the 100th started their assault on a minor fortification Freundenburg and Fort Schiesseck, a major defensive work in the region. Fort Freundenburg was captured on 17 December by the 100th division's 398th Infantry Regiment. Fort Schiesseck capitulated after three more days of heavy assault by the 100th on 20 December.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
The division was ordered to halt its attack and to hold defensive positions south of Bitche as part of the Seventh Army during the Battle of the Bulge. Thanks to a stout defense, the men of the 100th later became known as the "Sons of Bitche". The German counterattacks of 1 and 8–10 January 1945 were repulsed, after heavy fighting at Bitche. After further attacks stalled and the Germans began to withdraw, the sector was generally quiet and the division prepared to resume its offensive east.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
On 15 March 1945, the attack jumped off and on 16 March, Bitche fell to the 100th Infantry Division. The unit was then relieved from assignment to XV Corps, and transferred to XXI Corps on 22 March 1945. Taking Neustadt and Ludwigshafen, the division reached the Rhine River on 24 March. On 25 March 1945, the unit was returned from XXI Corps back to VI Corps.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
On 31 March 1945, the 100th Infantry Division crossed the Rhine and moved south in the wake of the 10th Armored Division and then east across the Neckar River, establishing and enlarging a bridgehead from 4 to 11 April. Heilbronn fell after nine days of house-to-house combat on 12 April and the division resumed its rapid pursuit of the enemy, reaching Stuttgart by 21 April.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
The 100th was mopping up along the Neckar, southeast of Stuttgart on 23 April, when it was removed from VI Corps and assigned directly to the Seventh United States Army as an Echelon Above Corps Asset. The division was then assigned primarily to patrolling the sector east of Stuttgart. Shifting to Göppingen on 30 April, the Division engaged in occupational duties as the war in Europe came to an end on V-E Day. The division had spent 163 days in combat.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
The division took 13,351 enemy prisoners of war on its own. Members of the division won three Medals of Honor, seven Distinguished Service Crosses, five Legions of Merit, 492 Silver Star Medals, 23 Soldier's Medals, 5,156 Bronze Star Medals, and 90 Air Medals. The division itself was awarded three campaign streamers for participation in the campaign.


100th Infantry Division (United States), World War II, European Theater
100th Infantry Division returned to the United States via the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation on 10 January 1946, and was released from active duty at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia that day. The division then began the process of demobilization, before inactivating on 26 January.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Cold War
In fall of 1946, the division was reactivated in the U.S. Army Reserve as the 100th Airborne Division in Louisville, Kentucky. This distinction as one of the few airborne divisions within the U.S. Army was brief; in 1952 the division was once again redesignated the 100th Infantry Division. It would change names again in 1955, this time to 100th Division (Replacement Training). It would once again be reorganized in 1959 to its present designation as 100th Division (Institutional Training). Its mission became to teach basic, advanced, and common training skills to soldiers from the Army's active, reserve, and National Guard components.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Cold War
In 1961, some 1,500 soldiers from the 100th were activated and sent to Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, in order to provide support during the Berlin Crisis. During their time on active duty, the 100th successfully trained some 32,000 soldiers after thoroughly rebuilding and fixing the old Army base. The unit was returned to reserve status again in August 1962. In 1968, the division received its distinctive unit insignia, which alluded to its history in World War II and as a Kentucky-based unit.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Cold War
With the Reorganization Objective Army Division plan in 1968, the division ceased to be centered on regiments and instead was reorganized with brigades. However, with the 199th Infantry Brigade active as a separate brigade, the division's new brigades were activated from units that had been under its command in World War II. The division's headquarters element (which had since been replaced by a Headquarters and Headquarters Company) was redesignated the 1st Brigade, 100th Division responsible for basic armor school training. The 928th Field Artillery Battalion became the 2nd Brigade, 100th Division responsible for armored cavalry unit training. The 325th Engineer Battalion became the 3rd Brigade, 100th Division responsible for combat support training, and the 800th Ordnance Battalion became the 4th Brigade, 100th Division, responsible for combat service support training.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Cold War
In 1978, the 100th became the first Army Reserve formation to be equipped with its own squadrons of M1 Abrams tanks. With the arrival of the M3 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, the division's mission profile changed from individual combat training to armor and armor reconnaissance training. By 1986, it was the largest reserve unit within the state of Kentucky, commanding fifty-eight percent of instate reservists.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Gulf War and beyond
At the outbreak of Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the 100th was assigned to armor training at Fort Knox, Kentucky for deploying armor units. Armor training was a responsibility that the division continued after the war.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Gulf War and beyond
In 1995 the division was reorganized to include Army Reserve schools, taking over the responsibilities for new programs. In 1996 the 100th Division's 1st Brigade worked with Readiness Group Knox to pioneer the national training experiment to reserve combat units at crew and platoon levels. Later that year, the division added three additional divisional brigades; the 5th Brigade, 100th Division in Memphis, Tennessee for health services training, the 6th Brigade, 100th Division in Louisville, Kentucky for professional development training, and the 7th Brigade, 100th Division at Fort Knox, formed from the 100th Training Command and responsible for training exercises. The 5th Brigade moved to Millington, Tennessee in 1997, and the 7th Brigade inactivated in 2000. The 8th Brigade, 100th Division was also activated as a unit overseeing ROTC training.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Gulf War and beyond
During 1997, the division was tasked with partial responsibility for Operation Future Challenge at Fort Knox, a six-week Reserve Officer's Training Corps Basic Camp during each summer. By 2000, the 100th has assumed full responsibility for running the camp. Later that same year, the 100th began inactivating many of its M1A1 Abrams tanks as part of a reduction in military expenditures.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Gulf War and beyond
After the September 11 attacks, the 100th Division began taking on the job of preparing Army National Guard units from Ohio and Kentucky as they began to prepare for deployment in support of the War on Terrorism.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Gulf War and beyond
By 2006, the division had moved its headquarters from Louisville to Fort Knox, easing distance strains in administration and training. In line with Army Reserve transformations, the 100th Division restructured, eliminating all but four of its brigades. The division shifted its focus from initial entry training to providing military occupational specialty and non-commissioned officer training for four army career fields across the United States. The 100th Division (Operational Support) teaches soldiers subjects from military intelligence, signal corps, civil affairs/psychological operations and health services.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Post War, Gulf War and beyond
On 1 October 2018 the 100th Training Division was redesignated as the 100th Training Division (Leader Development). The 100th Training Division (Leader Development) establishes and implements the Army Reserve Leader Development Strategy to provide a continuum of career education, training, and experience for leaders in the Army Reserve. During this reorganization, the 83rd USARRTC and the 97th (CGSOC) Brigade were placed under the 100th Training Division.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Subordinate units
As of 2018 the following units are subordinated to the 100th Training Division (Leader Development):


100th Infantry Division (United States), Honors, Unit decorations
During the Second World War many units within the division were awarded Distinguished Unit Citations, as well as Meritorious Unit Citations.


100th Infantry Division (United States), Legacy
The division's legacy in World War II has been honored several times. The Cross Island Parkway in Queens, New York was renamed the "100th Infantry Division Parkway" in 2005 in honor of 2,300 soldiers from New York that served with the division during the war. Three soldiers earned the Medal of Honor serving with the division in World War II. They were Edward A. Silk, Mike Colalillo, and Charles F. Carey Jr..


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)
The 100th Jäger Division, formerly the 100th Light Infantry Division (German: 100. Leichte Infanterie Division) was a light infantry division of the German Army during World War II. As such, it was provided with partial horse or motor transport and lighter artillery. Light divisions were reduced in size compared to standard infantry divisions. The Walloon Legion was briefly attached to this division from January 1942 to May 1942. During the latter stages of the war, the division was composed of members from most of Germany's geographic areas and many German-speaking Walloons (Belgian/French).


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Background
The main purpose of the German Jäger Divisions was to fight in adverse terrain where smaller, coordinated formations were more facilely combat capable than the brute force offered by their standard infantry counterparts. The Jäger divisions were more heavily equipped than the mountain Gebirgsjäger equivalents, but not as well armed as a larger infantry division. In the early stages of the war, it was the interface divisions fighting in rough terrain and foothills as well as urban areas, between the mountains and the plains.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Background
The Jägers (means "hunters" in German) relied on a high degree of training, and slightly superior communications, as well as their not inconsiderable artillery support. In the middle stages of the war, as the standard infantry divisions were downsized, the Jäger structure of divisions with two infantry regiments, became the standard table of organization.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Background
In 1944, Adolf Hitler declared that all infantry divisions were now Volksgrenadier Divisions except for his elite Jäger and Mountain Jäger divisions.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Operational history
Initially established in December 1940 as the 100th Light Infantry Division, the unit was raised in Upper Austria, and based in Ried. The 54th Jäger Regiment was detached from the 18th Infantry. The division comprised two-thirds Austrian and one-third Silesian men.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Operational history
The 100th Light Infantry Division's first campaign as a fighting force was Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, where it served with the 17th Army in the Southern Sector. Its first campaign was in the Battle of Uman, followed by action at Kiev and Odessa.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Operational history
In October, the 369th Reinforced Croatian Infantry Regiment was attached to the division to bolster its size when attacking the Eastern Front.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Operational history
The formation was the only German Jäger Division that fought at the Battle of Stalingrad. The 100th Light Infantry Division, along with the 369th Reinforced Croatian Infantry Regiment, was virtually destroyed at Stalingrad.


100th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), Operational history
The 100th Jäger Division was reestablished and fought partisans in the Balkans, Croatia, Albania, and was deployed on coastal protection duties in the Strait of Otranto.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 100th Light Anti- Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, (100th LAA Rgt) was an air defence unit of the British Army during World War II. Initially raised as an infantry battalion of the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) in 1940, it transferred to the Royal Artillery in 1941. It served with 56th (London) Infantry Division in the final stages of the Tunisian Campaign, in the landings at Salerno and subsequent fighting in Italy, including the Battle of Anzio, until it was disbanded at the beginning of 1945.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 18th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers
The unit was originally formed in Devonshire on 21 March 1940 as 18th (Pioneer) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers, as part of the rapid expansion of the Army with wartime conscripts. It converted to a normal infantry battalion on 24 October that year. On 5 November 1940 the 18th Bn joined 168th (2nd London) Brigade in 56th (London) Infantry Division, a prewar Territorial Army (TA) motorised division serving in XII Corps in invasion-threatened East Kent.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 18th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers
On 27 March 1941 the battalion transferred to a new 73rd Independent Brigade. Although Brigade Headquarters (HQ) was in South Wales, its battalions were widely dispersed across Western Command and the brigade commander was only responsible for their training. On 17 May Brigade HQ moved to Scotland to become HQ for a projected Force 109, and it ceased to command its scattered units.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
On 1 December 1941 18th Royal Fusiliers transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA) to begin retraining in the light anti-aircraft (LAA) role, becoming 100th LAA Regiment, consisting of Regimental HQ (RHQ) and 330, 331 and 332 LAA Batteries equipped with the Bofors 40 mm gun. After initial training, 100th LAA Rgt joined Anti- Aircraft Command in December, but left before it had been assigned to a brigade. The regiment rejoined 56th (London) Division on 3 February 1942, and remained with that formation for the rest of its existence. At the time, 56th (L) Division was in XI Corps in East Anglia. The division was now fully formed and equipped and began intensive training. In June it came under War Office control while it mobilised for overseas service.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Middle East and North Africa
During August 1942 the division moved to the embarkation ports of Liverpool and Glasgow, and sailed for the Middle East on 25 August. The fast troop convoy reached South Africa safely, but the slow convoy carrying guns and vehicles was heavily attacked by U-boats off the coast of West Africa and lost several ships. From South Africa most of the troops sailed to Bombay, then on to Basra in Iraq, arriving on 4 November and then by road and rail to Kirkuk. 56th (L)  Division spent the winter of 1942–43 training for mountain warfare. Then it began an overland drive to join Eighth Army in Tunisia, travelling some 3,200 miles (5,100 km) between 18 March and 19 April.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Middle East and North Africa
In the Tunisian Campaign the divisional LAA was normally used to protect the field gun positions. In the rough country of Tunisia the forward LAA units were often involved in  'snap' engagements against fast, low-flying air attacks. Increasingly, they discarded the LAA No 3 Kerrison Predictor and employed the simple 'Stiffkey Stick' deflection sight for the Bofors.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Middle East and North Africa
On 23 April 56th (L) Division went into action for the first time at Enfidaville. The infantry were roughly handled and suffered heavy casualties. The final attack on Tunis (Operation Strike) began on 6 May, the division meeting strong resistance before the Germans surrendered on 12 May. By the end of the month 56th (L) Division had been pulled back to Tripoli to train for the invasion of Italy. At this stage of the war one 6-gun Troop in each LAA battery was equipped with self-propelled (SP) Bofors guns, the other two being towed.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Operation Avalanche
56th (L) Division landed as the right hand half of X Corps at Salerno before dawn on 9 September 1943 in Operation Avalanche. AA cover for the beaches was provided by Beach Groups from 12th AA Brigade, assisted by the divisional LAA units as they arrived, but they were unable to move up to defend Montecorvino Airfield as planned because it remained under fire even after 56th (L) Division secured it on 10 September.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Operation Avalanche
There was bitter fighting for 10 days in the beachhead and the AA units frequently found themselves in the firing line holding off German attacks that threatened to break through 56th (L) Division's front. On 22 September the Allies broke out and X Corps headed north through rough country towards Naples. 56th (L) Division continued past the city to Capua, where the Germans were making a stand on the River Volturno.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Operation Avalanche
The Luftwaffe was active in trying to prevent the Allies from crossing the Volturno, particularly with Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 single-seat fighter-bombers, and 12th AA Bde came up to reinforce the divisional LAA units along the river. 56th (L) Division's first attempt to cross using assault boats was repulsed by German artillery, but the neighbouring divisions got across. After breaching the Volturno Line X Corps made rapid progress up Highway 6 until it reached the Bernhardt Line in the mountains round Monte Camino. There was bitter fighting on Monte Camino itself that lasted until its capture on 9 December, when 56th (L) Division was rested to train for the next river crossing.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Operation Avalanche
The next obstacle in front of X Corps was the lower Garigliano river south of Monte Cassino. Once again there were numerous AA engagements. 56th (L) Division's attack on the night of 17 January 1944 launched the Battle of Monte Cassino. However, fierce counter-attacks prevented X Corps from advancing far beyond the river. 56th (L) Division was about to resume the offensive on the Garigliano on 30 January when it was hurriedly withdrawn to reinforce the landing further up the coast at Anzio, which had run into trouble.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Anzio
1st Division had made the initial landing at Anzio alongside US troops in Operation Shingle on 21 January. Its 90th LAA Rgt landed a SP Bofors battery with the first wave and the whole regiment was ashore by D + 5 to defend the field artillery positions. At first all went well, but the commander of the operation waited too long to build up his forces and lost the initiative. The Germans quickly contained the beachhead and by 1 February were driving the Allied troops back towards the sea, and sending over waves of air attacks.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Anzio
168 LAA Battery from 56th (East Lancashire) LAA Rgt landed on 5 February, and the first of 100th LAA Rgt's arrived on 14 February as 56th (L) Division arrived in the beachhead. The five LAA batteries, coordinated by the commanding officer (CO) of 90th LAA Rgt, had to cover the spread of six British field artillery regiments, which were unable to disperse or find cover in the congested beachhead.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Anzio
Most of the AA effort at Anzio was controlled by 35th US AA Artillery Brigade, but the radar of its single mobile operations room was having trouble giving early warning of attacks by low-flying Me 109 and Fw 190 fighter-bombers. The CO of 90th LAA Rgt asked for help and got some mobile No 4 Mark III lightweight local warning radar sets from 22nd AA Bde back at Salerno. All the British LAA batteries prepared concentrations of fire within their sectors, for use by day or night to cover the front.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Anzio
The guns fired on fixed bearings at an elevation of 35 degrees, employing 12-second long-burning Tracer ammunition: 'this produced a curtain of bursts at about 8,000 feet (2,400 m) with sheets of tracer behind it'. These concentrations could be ordered by the gun operations room, by radio, or by a 'master gun' on watch in each Troop. By 19 February the other two batteries of 100th LAA Rgt arrived to extend the fire plan, with 331 LAA Bty stationed aboard Landing Ship, Tank, vessels moored in Anzio harbour.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Anzio
In the flat, open country of the beachhead, the LAA positions were dangerously conspicuous and were frequently shelled and mortared, and casualties were numerous, while the grim fighting along the front often drew in the LAA Troops to give fire support to the infantry. Targets included German infantry working their way up dry river beds into the Allied positions, enemy forming-up areas, buildings containing machine-guns, and enemy positions along railway embarkments, The LAA batteries used the observation posts (OPs) of the field artillery or set up their own.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Anzio
The infantry of 56th (L) Division were continually engaged in Trench warfare, and by 25 February were down to less than half strength. 100th LAA Regiment itself had lost 8 men killed and 17 wounded, but had scored four Category 1 'kills'. On 9 March the exhausted division began to be evacuated from Anzio to Naples.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Gothic Line
56th Division was now went back to Egypt for rest. On arrival at Port Said it went into camp, leave was granted, and training resumed. On 10 July the refitted division left Port Said to return to Taranto, from where it was sent to join V Corps with Eighth Army on the Adriatic coast of Italy.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Gothic Line
Massive preparations were required for Eighth Army's assault on the Gothic Line (Operation Olive). V Corps opened the attack on 25 August, and by 1 September the Gothic Line had been cracked open, but 56th (L) Division coming up from reserve still had hard fighting at Monte Capello, Montefiore Conca village and the Gemmano ridge. It finally took Gemmano village on 9 September. After a short rest, the division advanced on 16 September and fought its way to the swollen Fiumicino river by the beginning of October. On 7 October the exhausted division was withdrawn.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Disbandment
By late 1944 the Luftwaffe was suffering from such shortages of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious air attacks were rare. At the same time British forces in Italy were suffering an acute manpower shortage. As early as June 1944 the Chiefs of Staff had decided that the number of AA regiments in Italy must be reduced and their fit personnel converted to other roles, particularly infantry. 100th LAA Regiment was one of those selected for disbandment: it was withdrawn from 56th (L) Division  on 9 November.


100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 100th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Disbandment
100th Light Anti- Aircraft Regiment was formally disbanded on 8 January 1945. Many of the men would have been sent to the Infantry Reinforcement Training Depot. In the case of retrained AA gunners, care was taken to post them to infantry battalions from their home areas, and there were a number of London battalions in the Mediterranean theatre.


100th Missile Defense Brigade
100th Missile Defense Brigade (Ground-based Midcourse Defense), known as 100th MDB (GMD), is a multi-component  (meaning both Title 10 and Title 32) Army National Guard brigade headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. It has component formations located in Fort Greely, Alaska, Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, and Fort Drum, New York manned by national guardsmen of the 49th Missile Defense Battalion, 100th MDB, Detachment 1, and 100th MDB, Detachment 2 in Alaska, California, and New York, respectively, on a round-the-clock 24/7/365 basis. 100th MDB (GMD) is part of the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command.


100th Missile Defense Brigade, Operational Concept
The mission of 100th MDB (GMD) is ground-based mid-course defense (GMD) of the United States. A sensor network of satellites, sea-based radars, and land-based radars detect enemy ballistic missile attack by tracking launches, following the trajectories, and determining if these trajectories are headed for the U.S. homeland. Ground-based interceptors (GBI) then intercept these missiles, mid-course. The mission was proven in 2006, 2009, and 2012 by the North Korean Taepodong 2 ICBM launches.


100th Missile Defense Brigade, Initial formation
In 2001 George W. Bush notified Russia of plans to  withdraw the US from the Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty. This entailed the development of multiple anti-ballistic missile sites, a restriction of the ABM Treaty. Activated in 2003, the administration deemed the  Ground-based Midcourse Defense to be operational on 30 Sep 2004. The initial operational capability involved intensive simulation carried out by 100th MDB (GMD), which works with the sensor networks of the Missile Defense Agency.


100th Missile Defense Brigade, National Guard participation
As National Guardsmen, the tempo of personnel replacements are not subject to the three-year cycle of ARFORGEN, allowing the development of long-term expertise over the past decade of training.


100th New York Infantry Regiment
The 100th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 100th New York Infantry was organized at Buffalo, New York, and mustered in for three years service in January 1862 under the command of Colonel James M. Brown.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, IV Corps, Army of the Potomac, to June 1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IV Corps, to December 1862. Naglee's Brigade, Department of North Carolina, to January 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XVIII Corps, Department of North Carolina, to February 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XVIII Corps, Department of the South, to April 1863. Folly Island, South Carolina, X Corps, Department of the South, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, Folly Island, South Carolina, X Corps, to July 1863. 1st Brigade, Folly Island, South Carolina, X Corps, July 1863.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Morris Island, South Carolina, X Corps, July 1863. 3rd Brigade, Morris Island, South Carolina, X Corps, to November 1863. 2nd Brigade, Morris Island, South Carolina, X Corps, to January 1864. 2nd Brigade, Morris Island, South Carolina, Northern District, Department of the South, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, X Corps, Army of the James, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to May 1864. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, X Corps, to December 1864. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XXIV Corps, to July 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XXIV Corps, to August 1865.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 100th New York Infantry mustered out of service on August 28, 1865.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to New York City March 7, then to Washington, D.C., March 10, 1862. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula March 28, 1862. Siege of Yorktown, April 5-May 4. Battle of Williamsburg, May 5. Operations about Bottom's Bridge May 20–23. Reconnaissance to Seven Pines May 24–27. Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1. Seven Days Battles before Richmond June 25-July 1. Bottom's Bridge June 27–29. White Oak Swamp June 30. Malvern Hill July 1. At Harrison's Landing until August 16. Moved to Fortress Monroe August 16–22, then to Yorktown, Va., September 18. Duty at Yorktown and Gloucester Point until December 26.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Reconnaissance to Gloucester and Matthews Counties December 11–15. Skirmish at Wood's Cross Roads, Gloucester Court House, December 14. Moved to Beaufort, N.C., December 26, then to Port Royal, S.C., January 28–31. Camp at St. Helena Island, S.C., February 12-March 23. Capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg September 7. until April 3. Action at Cole's Island March 31. Occupation of Folly Island, S.C.. April 5-July 10. Action at Folly Island April 10. Attack on Morris Island July 10. Assaults on Fort Wagner, Morris Island, S.C., July 11 and 18.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg, and operations against Fort Sumter and Charleston, July 18-September 7. Boat Expedition against Fort Gregg August 17. Bombardment of Fort Sumter August 17–23. Capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg September 7. Duty on Morris Island and operations against Charleston until April 1864. Affair, Vincent's Creek, August 4, 1863. Moved to Gloucester Point. Va. , April. Butler's operations on south side of the James River and against Petersburg and Richmond May 4–28. Occupation of Bermuda Hundred May 5. Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, May 7. Swift Creek May 8–10. Operations against Fort Darling May 12–16.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Drury's Bluff May 14–16. Bermuda Hundred May 16-June 20. Attacks on picket line May 21 and June 2 and 14. Port Walthall June 16–17. Siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Action at Deep Bottom June 23. Groper House, Deep Bottom, July 21. Deep Bottom July 27–28. Strawberry Plains, New Market Heights, August 14–18. Moved to Petersburg front August 26, and duty there in trenches until September 27. Battle of Chaffin's Farm September 28–30. Darbytown Road October 7. Reconnaissance to Darbytown Road October 13. Battle of Fair Oaks October 27–28.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Johnson's Farm October 29. Duty in trenches before Richmond until March 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. On line of Hatcher's and Gravelly Runs March 29–30. Assault on Fort Gregg and fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Rice's Station April 6. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. Duty in the Department of Virginia until August.


100th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 367 men during service; 12 officers and 182 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 202 enlisted men died of disease.


100th New York State Legislature
The 100th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to May 24, 1877, during the first year of Lucius Robinson's governorship, in Albany.


100th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (five districts) and Kings County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.


100th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Prohibition Party and the Greenback Party also nominated tickets.


100th New York State Legislature, Elections
The New York state election, 1876 was held on November 7. The Democratic incumbent State Comptroller Lucius Robinson was elected Governor, and his running mate William Dorsheimer was re-elected Lieutenant Governor. The other three statewide elective offices up for election were also carried by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Democratic 520,000; Republican 489,000; Prohibition 3,400; and Greenback 1,400.


100th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the Old State Capitol in Albany on January 2, 1877; and adjourned on May 24.


100th New York State Legislature, Sessions
George B. Sloan (R) was elected Speaker with 69 votes against 57 for Luke F. Cozans (D).


100th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On April 3, the Legislature re-elected Superintendent of Public Instruction Neil Gilmour to a term of three years.


100th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Senate met for a special session at Saratoga; and adjourned on August 18.


100th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On August 17, Superintendent of the New York State Banking Department DeWitt C. Ellis was removed from office.


100th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


100th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


100th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 100th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 100th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 100th Ohio Infantry was organized in Toledo, Ohio July through September 1862 and mustered in for three years service under the command of Colonel John C. Groom.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to October 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, to January 1863. District of Central Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, to August 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIII Corps, to February 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIII Corps, Department of North Carolina, to June 1865.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 100th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service on June 20, 1865, at Greensboro, North Carolina, and was discharged on July 1, 1865, at Cleveland, Ohio.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ordered to Cincinnati, Ohio, September 8, thence to Covington, Ky., and duty there until October 8. Ordered to Lexington, Ky., October 8, 1862, then to Richmond, Ky., December 1, and to Danville, Ky., December 26. To Frankfort, Ky., January 3, 1863. Duty at various points in central Kentucky until August. Expedition to Monticello and operations in southeastern Kentucky April 26-May 12. Burnside's Campaign in eastern Tennessee August 16-October 17. Telford Station and Limestone September 8. (240 men captured at Telford Station while guarding railroad.) Knoxville Campaign November 4-December 23. Siege of Knoxville November 17-December 5. Pursuit to Blain's Cross Roads.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty at Blain's Cross Roads until April 1864. Atlanta Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstrations on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Cartersville May 20. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Cheyney's Farm June 22. Near Marietta June 23. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Utoy Creek August 5–7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy's Station September 2–6. Duty at Decatur until October 4. Pursuit of Hood into northern Alabama October 4–26. Nashville Campaign November–December. Columbia, Duck River, November 24–27. Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. At Clifton, Tenn., until January 16, 1865. Movement to Washington, D.C., then to Federal Point, N.C., January 16-February 9. Fort Anderson February 18–19. Town Creek February 19–20. Capture of Wilmington February 22. Campaign of the Carolinas March–April. Advance on Goldsboro, N.C., March 6–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 21. Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. Near Raleigh April 13. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. Duty at Greensboro, N.C. until June.


100th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 317 men during service; 3 officers and 90 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 6 officers and 268 enlisted men died of disease.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 100th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry ("The Roundheads" and "The Round Head Regiment") was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The 100th Pennsylvania Infantry was organized at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and mustered in August 31, 1861 for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel Daniel Leasure.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Stevens' 2nd Brigade, Sherman's South Carolina Expedition, to April 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Department of the South, to July 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac, to September 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, to April 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863. Army of the Tennessee, to August 1863, and Army of the Ohio, to March 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac, to June 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, to September 1864. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, IX Corps, to July 1865.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
The 100th, known as the Round Head Regiment, was recruited in the southwestern part of the state in Aug. 1861, and ordered to Washington on Sep 2, where its organization was completed add it was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years, term. Twelve companies were recruited but one was transferred to the 105th Infantry. It was next ordered to Fortress Monroe, where it embarked on what proved to be an expedition to Port Royal. Here the fleet arrived Nov 7, and captured Forts Walker and .


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Beaufort was next occupied and the regiment remained in this vicinity for several months, the men suffering very much from sickness. The 100th, participated in the operations against Charleston in June 1862, and lost very heavily in the engagement of June 16, near Secessionville. Returning to Hilton Head and Beaufort in July, it was ordered to Virginia, later being sent to Fredericksburg and attached to the 9th Corps of the Army of Virginia. After various marches during the month of August, the regiment met the enemy on the Bull Run battlefield, where it saw hard service.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
After engaging all day and losing heavily, a final charge was ordered, from which only 198 out of 450 returned unhurt. It was active at Chantilly and South Mountain, but was held in reserve at Antietam, owing to its crippled condition. It was engaged at Fredericksburg and after the battle performed important duty in covering the withdrawal of the troops, being selected as "The most reliable skirmish regiment in the brigade."


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
In March 1863, it was transferred to the Department of the Ohio and sent to Lexington, Ky., from which place it was ordered in June to the support of Gen. Grant at Vicksburg. It participated in the fighting at Jackson, Miss., after the fall of Vicksburg, and lost many men from sickness as well as from the enemy's fire. On its return north it was ordered to East Tennessee though many of the men were not fit for active service.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
It participated in an engagement at Blue Springs and in the hardships of the Siege of Knoxville, in spite of which almost the entire regiment reenlisted on January 1, 1864. At Annapolis, the rendezvous of the 9th Corps, the 100th reported in March and became a part of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, attached to the Army of the Potomac. The 9th Corps was closely engaged at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, the North Anna river and Cold Harbor. Moving to Petersburg, the 100th, was repeatedly in action, notably at the explosion of the mine, the raid on the Weldon Railroad, Poplar Spring Church the Hatcher's run movements, and in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. The regiment was mustered out at Washington on July 24, 1865.


100th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 409 men during service. Sixteen officers and 208 enlisted men were killed or mortally wounded in combat. Two officers and 183 enlisted men died from disease-related causes.


100th Regiment of Foot (1760)
The 100th Regiment of Foot, also known as Campbell's Highlanders, was an infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1760 and disbanded in 1763.


100th Regiment of Foot (1760)
The regiment was raised in 1760 by the regimentation of independent companies of infantry, and embodied at Stirling in 1761. It was at first sent for garrison duty in the Channel Islands before being sent to the Caribbean. In 1762, they saw service at the Invasion of Martinique from France. With the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763, the regiment was disbanded in Scotland.


100th Regiment of Foot (1760)
The unofficial title Campbell's Highlanders was adopted from its first Major-Commandant, Colin Campbell; a similar title was used, at the same time, by the 88th Foot.


100th Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincolnshire Regiment)
The 100th Regiment of Foot, or the Loyal Lincolnshire Regiment, was an infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1780 and disbanded in 1785. The Loyal Lincolnshire Regiment was reformed in 1794 as the 123rd Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincolnshire) and was again disbanded in 1796.


100th Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincolnshire Regiment), History
The regiment was raised in Ireland by Colonel Thomas Humberstone, with Lieutenant-General Thomas Bruce assuming the colonelcy in August 1780. It was dispatched to India shortly after being raised, and fought in the Second Anglo-Mysore War; after surrendering at the Siege of Bednore on 28 April 1783, it was interned before returning to Ireland in 1784. It was disbanded in Ireland in 1785.


100th Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincolnshire Regiment), History
The "Loyal Lincolnshire" title was later reused by the 123rd Foot, raised in 1794 and disbanded in 1796.


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment)
The 100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment) was raised in Ireland in 1804 for service in the Napoleonic Wars. After a few weeks, Lieutenant Colonel John Murray was appointed to command; he was to remain in this post for most of the regiment's active service.


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), History
The regiment was raised in Ireland as the 100th Regiment of Foot for service in the Napoleonic Wars in 1804.


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), History
The 100th were transferred to Nova Scotia in 1805, with 271 men being lost when the troopship Aeneas was wrecked off Newfoundland. They were then stationed in Canada proper. In 1807, Colonel Isaac Brock, then serving on the staff in North America, reported favourably on the regiment while they were serving as garrison for Quebec City, and commented, "The men were principally raised in the north of Ireland, and are nearly all Protestants; they are robust, active, and good looking."


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), History
During the War of 1812 the regiment served on the Canadian frontier. A detachment was present at the Battle of Sackett's Harbour in May 1813. Major George Taylor captured two 10-gun American vessels, the Growler and Eagle, on 3 June 1813 on the Sorrell River near Île aux Noix on the Canadian side of the lake, after a fight of three-and-a-half hours; British casualties were three men wounded and American casualties were one man killed and eight severely wounded. (Both vessels were taken into Royal Navy service, but the Americans recaptured them the next year.) The regiment was given an extra descriptor as the 100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment) in 1813.


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), History
The whole regiment took part in the Capture of Fort Niagara in December 1813. From there, they were engaged on raids to Buffalo and Black Rock in late December 1813.


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), History
In July 1814, the regiment saw action at the Battle of Chippawa (or Street's Creek), where the regiment took heavy losses, reduced to "one Captain & 3 subalterns doing duty, with 250 effective men". They then served at the Siege of Fort Erie in the closing months of the year. For their services in the defence of Canada, they were awarded the battle honour Niagara. The Colonel of the Regiment was Brig. Sir Frederick John Falkiner, Bt.


100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), History
In February 1816 the regiment was renumbered as the 99th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), then withdrawn to England in 1818 to be disbanded at Chatham. As the Napoleonic Wars ended, England was faced with thousands of returning soldiers. Rather than having them all return to England and Ireland, many of soldiers of the 100th Foot were offered and accepted land-grants in Upper Canada. The largest settlement from the 100th Foot was in Richmond, Ontario.


100th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 100th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II, formed twice.


100th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
In November 1923 in the Belaya Tserkov area of the Ukrainian Military District, the 45th Territorial Rifle Division was established. On 24 April 1924 the 45th Territorial Rifle Division became the 100th Rifle Division (Territorial).


100th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The division fought in the Winter War with Finland. When Operation Barbarossa began, it was part of 2nd Rifle Corps, with 2nd Rifle Corps immediately subordinate to Western Front (Soviet Union). It became 1st Guards Rifle Division on 18 September 1941, one of the first Guards units, immediately after the Yelnya Offensive.


100th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The second formation of the division began forming at Kushchuba station in Vologda Oblast on 5 February 1942. Predominantly Russian, it was primarily made up of conscripts from Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast. The formation of the division was completed by 15 May. Fought near Stalingrad, and in Ukraine and Belorussia. It was awarded the honorific "Lviv" for its part in the capture of that city during July 1944. On 27 January 1945, the division liberated the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp. During the Moravian-Ostrava Offensive, the division captured Ratibor and entered Czechoslovak territory. It then fought in the Prague Offensive. It was with 60th Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front in May 1945. The division was disbanded in the final days of June and its personnel used to reinforce the 186th Rifle Division at Turek.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron
The 100th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 441st Troop Carrier Group, based at Chicago-Orchard Airport, Illinois. It was inactivated on 14 March 1951.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron, History
Activated in August 1943 at Sedalia AAF, Missouri as an I Troop Carrier Command C-47 Squadron. After training in Missouri and later North Carolina, was sent to Baer Field, Indiana for final equipping with aircraft, personnel and other equipment. Deployed to Ninth Air Force in England, assigned to IX Troop Carrier Command in March 1944 during the build-up prior to the Invasion of France.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron, History
The squadron participated in the D-Day operation, dropping 101st Airborne Division paratroops near Cherbourg, then carried out re-supply and glider delivery missions the following day.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron, History
The squadron's aircraft flew supplies into Normandy as soon as suitable landing strips were available and evacuated casualties to England. On 17 July the air echelon flew to Grosseto airbase in Italy to prepare for operations connected with the invasion of southern France returning to England on 24 August.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron, History
Squadron moved to France in September 1944 and for the balance of the Northern France Campaign and the Western Allied invasion of Germany was engaged in combat resupply of ground forces, operating from Advanced Landing Grounds in northern France. Delivered supplies to rough Resupply and Evacuation airfields near the front lines, returning combat casualties to field hospitals in rear areas.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron, History
Demobilized in Germany after the end of the European War, was inactivated at Bolling Field, DC in early 1946 as an administrative organization.


100th Troop Carrier Squadron, History
Reactivated as a C-46 Commando reserve transport squadron in 1949, activated as part of the Korean War mobilization in 1951. Unit personnel and aircraft were assigned as fillers to active-duty units and the squadron was quickly inactivated afterwards.


100th United States Congress
The 100th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1987, to January 3, 1989, during the last two years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980.


100th United States Congress
Both chambers had a Democratic majority, with the Democrats increasing their lead in the House, and regaining the Senate for the first time since the 96th Congress in 1979.


100th United States Congress, Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


100th United States Congress, Members, Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1988; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1990; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1992.


100th United States Congress, Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.


100th Window
100th Window is the fourth studio album by English electronic music group Massive Attack, released on 10 February 2003 by Virgin Records. Of the group's original core line-up, the album only features Robert Del Naja; Andrew Vowles departed shortly after the release of the group's previous album Mezzanine (1998), and Grant Marshall refused to participate in the making of the record. 100th Window was written and produced by Del Naja and Neil Davidge, and features vocals from Horace Andy, Sinéad O'Connor, and Damon Albarn (performing as 2D). It is also the first album by the group that makes no use of samples, and contains none of the jazz or jazz fusion stylings of the group's first two albums Blue Lines (1991) or Protection (1994).


100th Window, Background
Work on the album started in early 2000 at the Christchurch Studios in Clifton, Bristol. Massive Attack recruited Lupine Howl (a band made up of ex-members of Spiritualized) for the new album. In a November 2001 interview, Lupine Howl's lead singer Sean Cook described the sessions as "very experimental ... that essentially consisted of kinda minimal loops and noises that were fed to our headphones from the computer up in the control room. Then we would have this sort of extended jam session playing along to them and they would do various things to do the loops.


100th Window, Background
Sometimes they would drop out the loop, sometimes they would start processing it with effects and delays and stuff like that, to try and make it change in various ways and see what that would do in terms of our playing. They also had a strobe light in the live room, which they controlled from the control room. They would kind of put that on and speed it up to dictate the intensity and try to affect the way we played with the lighting. It was a really good laugh; we got some good stuff. I mean, hours and hours of stuff, which they have taken back and cut up and arranged and done their things to."


100th Window, Background
In a 17 July 2002 posting to Massive Attack's forums, Del Naja wrote that over the course of time, the band had become "very unhappy with the shapes being formed", and that by the beginning of 2002 they had discarded most of the material that was written up to that point. As a result, Lupine Howl is not credited with any contributions to the final album. However, one song from those sessions, "Nature of Threat", was later made available for download on Massive Attack's website.


100th Window, Reception
Initial critical response to 100th Window was positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 75, based on 25 reviews.


100th Window, Reception
As of February 2010, the album had sold 180,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.


100th Window, Track listing
All tracks are written by Robert Del Naja and Neil Davidge, except tracks 2, 4 and 6, written by Del Naja, Davidge and Sinéad O'Connor.


100th Window, Certifications and sales
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.


100th Wisconsin Legislature
The One-Hundredth Wisconsin Legislature convened, in regular session, on January 3, 2011, and concluded on May 22, 2012. A concurrent special session was begun on January 18, 2011, and ran through May 11, 2011, and another brief special session was held from October 25, 2011, through November 3, 2011. There was an additional extraordinary session held from June 14, 2011, through August 1, 2011.


100th Wisconsin Legislature
Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 2, 2010. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of their four-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 4, 2008.


100th Wisconsin Legislature
During this session, recall elections were held in 2011 and 2012 in which 13 senators were challenged. Three were eventually removed from office and one other resigned, but was replaced by a senator of the same party.


100th Wisconsin Legislature, Leaders, Senate leadership
President of the Senate: Sen. Fred RisserPresident pro tempore: Sen. Tim CarpenterChief Clerk: Hon. Robert J. MarchantSergeant at arms: Hon. Edward Blazel


100th Wisconsin Legislature, Leaders, Assembly leadership
Speaker of the Assembly: Rep. Jeff FitzgeraldSpeaker pro tempore: Rep. Bill KramerChief clerk: Hon. Patrick E. FullerSergeant at arms: Hon. Anne Tonnon Byers


100th Wisconsin Legislature, Changes from the 99th Legislature, Open seats
On April 14, 2011, Joe Parisi resigned from the 48th District after being elected Dane County Executive.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide
The 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide (Armenian: Հայոց ցեղասպանության 100-րդ տարելից) was commemorated on April 24, 2015. April 24, 1915 is considered the beginning of the Armenian genocide, and is commonly known as Red Sunday, which saw the deportation and execution of many Armenian intellectuals.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide
Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day was first observed on April 24, 1919 in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, (now Istanbul, Turkey), as a commemoration of the victims of the genocide.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide
The event occurred in light of continued Armenian genocide denial by Turkey.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
On April 23, 2011, a state commission coordinating of the events dedicated to the 100th commemoration of the Armenian genocide was founded by a presidential decree. It was headed by the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute director Hayk Demoyan. The first meeting of the commission was held on May 30, 2011, and chaired by President Serzh Sargsyan.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
Shavarsh Kocharyan, the Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister, stated in June 2012 that "the efforts that have been initiated are important not only for our country and the Diaspora, but for the entire world. The unpunished crimes against humanity and their denial create fertile ground for recurrence of similar events." He claimed that "by denying the Genocide, the leadership of modern Turkey resembles the Ottoman Turkish government which perpetrated the Genocide."


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
On July 5, 2013, during a forum of Armenian lawyers in Yerevan about the anniversary of the genocide organized by the Ministry of Diaspora, Armenia's Prosecutor General Aghvan Hovsepyan made a "sensational statement". He stated:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
Indeed, the Republic of Armenia should have its lost territories returned and the victims of the Armenian genocide should receive material compensation. But all these claims must have perfect legal grounds. I strongly believe that the descendants of the genocide must receive material compensation, churches miraculously preserved in Turkey's territory and church lands must be returned to the Armenian Church, and the Republic of Armenia must get back its lost lands.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
According to the ArmeniaNow news agency, "this was seen as the first territorial claim of Armenia to Turkey made on an official level. The prosecutor general is the carrier of the highest legal authority in the country, and his statement is equivalent to an official statement. Although,Giro Manoyan, Director of the International Secretariat of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Bureau in Yerevan, commented on the development, saying that it was still impossible to say that Armenia had made a formal claim to Turkey."


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
In response, the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement on July 12, 2013, saying that Hovespyan's statement:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
...reflects the prevailing problematic mentality in Armenia as to the territorial integrity of its neighbor Turkey and to Turkish-Armenian relations and also contradicts the obligations it has undertaken towards the international organizations of which it is a member, particularly the UN and the OSCE. One should be well aware that no one can presume to claim land from Turkey.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
Opposition politician and 2013 presidential election runner-up Raffi Hovannisian stated that:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
[ T]he 100th anniversary does not imply an end to the struggle. The struggle is continual. The 100th anniversary is not a limitation period; it marks the divide which has to force Turkey to decide between paying reward without preconditions and accepting the Armenian people's victory.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
Vartan Oskanian, Armenia's Foreign Affairs Minister from 1998 to 2008, stated in 2013 that he has:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenia
[N]oticed a change in the emphasis of our political, spiritual community and the society as a whole. It is high time we went from recognition of the Genocide to the elimination of its consequences. It means being ambitious in defending our own rights, in claims for compensation for the material, spiritual, intellectual and moral losses.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora
The Lebanese-based Catholicos of Cilicia Aram I stated in May 2011 that the 100th anniversary of the genocide was "not a regular date" and that the Armenian organizations and institutions "should consider thoroughly our actions and words." He suggested a "need to change our behavior" and called on Armenia:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora
...to act as a state, while the Diaspora should set its tasks more clearly and all the Armenians should unite. Our people's demand on the Armenian Genocide recognition should be presented to the world. We need to unite and speak only about our demands.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora
[ F]or 100 years, we stressed the remembrance of the Genocide. We lit candles, organized commemorative evenings, and published books. These important activities will imbue our youth with the sacred testament and souls of our martyrs. Yet, we should not singly focus on this subject. For 100 years, we reminded people through demonstrations, lobbying, and raising our voices. We aim to continue these activities with different approaches. However, it is imperative that we stress our demands for restitution.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora
Armenian American writer Harut Sassounian claims that "the Turkish government and its agents are closely monitoring all announced Armenian plans, so Ankara could prepare its counter-moves to the anticipated Armenian 'Tsunami'." In his words, Turkey "would be helping to publicize the Armenian Cause" by attempting to counter the upcoming genocide centennial activities.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora, Memorials
In July 2013, the construction of the Armenian Genocide Museum began in Montevideo, Uruguay. Uruguay, which was the first country to officially recognize the Armenian genocide in 1965, thus became the first country besides Armenia to build a museum dedicated to the Armenian Genocide "at the initiative of the state." The Ministry of Education and Culture along with the Armenian community of Uruguay was expected to complete the construction of the museum on the 100th anniversary of the genocide.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora, Memorials
In September 2013, the Pasadena City Council approved the proposal for a genocide memorial, which was expected to be completed by April 24, 2015.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Lead up, Armenian diaspora, Memorials
It was expected that the Armenian Genocide Museum of America in Washington DC to be opened in 2015. In addition, the Montebello Genocide Memorial in California was expected to become a historical landmark in 2015, coinciding with the genocide centennial.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Armenian Church
On April 23, 2015, the Armenian Apostolic Church held a ceremony outside of the Etchmiadzin Cathedral in Vagharshapat to canonize the victims of the Armenian genocide. The ceremony was held to coincide with the start of the killings, ending at the symbolic time of 19:15 with a bell ringing 100 times. Armenian churches around the world likewise rang a bell 100 times at 19:15 local time. The ceremony, which created around 1.5 million new saints, was the first canonization by the church in 400 years.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Armenian Church
Catholicos Karekin II remarked, "The canonization of the martyrs of the genocide brings life-giving new breath, grace and blessing to our national and ecclesiastical life. The blood of the Armenian martyred for Christ has placed the seal of unshakeable faith and patriotism on the sands of the desert". Among those in attendance of what is believed to be the largest canonization service in history was President Serzh Sargsyan.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Turkey
In an address to Turkish envoys, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Turkey
We should all be ready and well-equipped so that the 1915 events can be dealt in an objective, scientific and realistic way. The Armenian diaspora is making its preparations to turn the events of 1915 into a political campaign by [distorting] the historical reality. In contrast to this political campaign, we will firmly stand against them by highlighting historical and scientific data.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Turkey
Armenians are almost approaching the end in their genocide claims. They have made the world accept their claims by working continuously like industrious ants for 100 years. While they were explaining their pain and what they had to live through, we did not even discuss among ourselves what had happened. We buried our heads in the sand and have reached these days. We could not reply in a persuasive manner. We lost the case.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Turkey
Apology is a sign of maturity and it is time for Turkey to grow up ... There is little time left until 2015 when Turkey will face a huge campaign by the Armenian lobby, which claims it will be the 100th year of Armenian genocide.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Turkey
Journalist Hasan Cemal, who is the grandson of Djemal Pasha, one of the main perpetrators of the genocide, stated in 2013 that "Turkey, as a state, should apologize to the Armenians".


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, United States
On April 10, 2014, on the eve of the 99th anniversary, the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations reported to a resolution (S. Res. 410) United States Senate which condemns and commemorates the Armenian genocide, describing it as an act of "elimination of the over 2,500-year presence of Armenians in their historic homeland". Drafted by committee chairman Robert Menendez (D-NJ), it was approved by a vote of 12–5. In his statement, co-author of the resolution Mark Kirk (R-IL) made a reference to the 100th anniversary of the genocide and the importance of its recognition.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, United States
Armenia's Foreign Ministry welcomed the adoption of the resolution, describing it "an important step on the way to restoration of historical truth and prevention of crimes against humanity." The Turkish foreign ministry released a statement criticizing the adoption of the resolution, stating that the committee "has acted beyond its position, competence and responsibility by adopting by majority vote a hastily and ineptly prepared draft resolution". The statement went on to describe it as an "attempt at a political exploitation that distorts history and law [and] prejudiced initiative, which is devoid of any legal ground." In response to a question about the stance of the US government on the issue, on April 11, 2014 State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki avoided using the word "genocide" and stated that:


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, United States
Our position has long been that we acknowledge – clearly acknowledge as historical fact and mourn the loss of 1.5 million Armenians who were massacred or marched to their deaths in the final days of the Ottoman Empire. These horrific events resulted in one of the worst atrocities of the 20th century, and the United States recognizes that they remain a great source of pain for the people of Armenia and of Armenian descent, as they do for all of us who share basic universal values.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, United States
In Los Angeles on April 24, over 130,000 people marched for 10 kilometres (6 mi) to the Turkish Consulate in the Armenian March for Justice, and the Los Angeles City Hall building was lit in purple light for a week in observance of the Armenian genocide centennial.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, United States
The campaign "Let History Decide" has been organized by the Turkish American Steering Committee in the USA. The committee also launched the Twitter hashtag #lethistorydecide. The campaign had a strong social media presence, including Twitter (@historydecide), Instagram, Facebook and the website www.lethistorydecide.org. The main slogan of the campaign was: "Unite us, not divide us." The campaign also sponsored by the Turkish government.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
Delegations from an estimated sixty countries attended the ceremonies for the anniversary in Armenia. This included the presidents of France, Cyprus, Poland, Russia, and Serbia and their respective delegations.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
The rock band System of a Down performed in Yerevan on April 23. The band, made up of descendants of Armenian genocide victims, had never before performed in Armenia. The concert lasted for two and a half hours and included thirty-seven songs. An estimated crowd of 20,000 braved a thunderstorm to attend the free concert in Republic Square.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
An orchestral concert took place called "Revival". The concert was performed by over a hundred musicians from forty-three countries.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
The lights of the Eiffel Tower and the Colosseum were both turned off in observance of the Armenian genocide centennial.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
In June 2013, during the opening of the Armenian embassy in Vatican, Pope Francis stated that he wanted to visit Armenia in 2015 on the 100th anniversary of the genocide.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
Pope Tawadros II of the Coptic Church of Alexandria headed an Egyptian delegation of 55 people, including clergymen, journalists and Armenians in Egypt, which participated in the events. A delegation from Lebanon was expected to include the country's ministers of foreign affairs and industry, as well as parliamentary officials. Other delegations from Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Kuwait and the UAE also attended the anniversary.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
Strategic Outlook suggested that the recognition of the genocide by Israel would be one of the main goals of Armenians worldwide in the eve of the anniversary.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
On April 20, 2015, the Minister of Education and Higher Education of Lebanon, Elias Bou Saab, announced that all schools in Lebanon would be closed on April 24 in observance of the Armenian Genocide centennial.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Reaction, Other
The Armenian community in Kolkata, India, numbering approximately 150 people, along with visitors from countries such as Iran, Lebanon and Russia held a memorial service at the 300-year-old Armenian Holy Church of Nazareth in Kolkata to mark the 100th anniversary of the genocide. Armenian students at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi organized a candle lighting ceremony in the university campus and at the Sacred Heart Cathedral in the city to mark the anniversary. A commemoration ceremony was also held at the Armenian Church in Chennai.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Films
In January 2011, the Armenian National Cinema Centre announced that it was holding talks with world-known film director Steven Spielberg and Armenian American screenwriter Steven Zaillian to produce a full-length feature film about the Armenian genocide. The cinema centre director Gevorg Gevorgyan stated that "On the 100th anniversary of the Genocide, we must have a film to demonstrate to the world. We want more than the films Mayrig or Ararat." Over a year later, in February 2012 the center declined the claims that Spielberg was involved in producing such on the 100th anniversary of the genocide.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Films
Vardan Abovian, the deputy director of the Armenian National Film Academy, said that they "indeed have plans on a movie on the Armenian genocide, however, this is still in the 'idea' phase and nothing has been decided yet. We are trying to find the budget." Ruzanna Bagratunyan, spokesperson for the center, stated that the movie "is a huge load of work, and we are trying to do it in time; all of us understand what this date [2015] means for the whole Armenian nation."


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Films
In February 2013 a new film project was launched by Armenian American director Artak "Sevada" Grigorian. Sevada plans to shoot a film, , dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the genocide. It was expected to appear on the big screen on April 24, 2015. It was reported that Natalie Portman and Armand Assante will be involved in the film with an expected budget of $30 million. Al Pacino and Leonardo DiCaprio are featured in the trailer.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Films
Armenian American film director Eric Nazarian stated in 2013 that "it's time for the stories of the genocide to be told, and the more good movies out there, the merrier. On the eve of the 100th [anniversary of the Armenian genocide] we need a catharsis."


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Books
The National Archives of Armenia published a three-volume book entitled Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Turkey: Testimonies of the Survivors including eyewitness accounts of the genocide, archive documents, maps and photos.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Concerts
In 2011, Los Angeles-based Armenian singer Flora Martirosian started a series of concerts Never Again dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the genocide. The first concert took place in Los Angeles on November 1, 2011, featuring Stevie Wonder, Arto Tunçboyacıyan, Eric Benét and Alexia Vassiliou.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Concerts
Since 2011, the Armenian Ministry of Culture and Pyunik human resources development foundation and the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute present 100 concerts throughout the world dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the genocide.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Concerts
In March 2015, composer Joseph Bohigian organized concerts of music by living Armenian composers in Fresno and Glendale, California to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide. The concerts featured music by Bohigian, Tigran Mansurian, Eve Beglarian, Charles Amirkhanian, and others performed by the Fresno State New Music Ensemble.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Concerts
On 22 April 2015, an Armenian Requiem, composed by Ian Krouse, was first performed in Royce Hall at UCLA. Krouse wrote his requiem with selections from the Requiem Service of the Armenian Church and poems from Saint Gregory of Narek, Paruyr Sevak, Siamanto and Daniel Varoujan.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Eurovision Song Contest
Armenia's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 in Vienna was selected via an internal selection by the Armenian broadcaster AMPTV. The song "Face The Shadow" performed by the group Genealogy was announced as the selected entry on 11 February 2015. The selected group was created for the purpose of representing Armenia at the Eurovision Song Contest in order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide. The Armenian broadcaster extended invitations to five singers from the Armenian diaspora globally, to participate in the group.


100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, Cultural impact, Art and paintings
On April 22, 2015, renowned visual artist and painter Mher Khachatryan's artwork was featured in "ARMENIA 100: A Musical, Theatrical, and Artistic Tribute to Armenian Culture in Commemoration of the Genocide Centenary," at the Nazarian Center for the Performing Arts at Rhode Island College in Providence.


100th meridian east
The meridian 100° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


100th meridian east
The 100th meridian east forms a great circle with the 80th meridian west.


100th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 100th meridian east passes through:


100th meridian west
The meridian 100° west of the Prime Meridian of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 100th meridian west forms a great circle with the 80th meridian east.


100th meridian west
In the United States, this meridian roughly marks the boundary between the semi-arid climate in the west and the humid continental and humid subtropical climates in the east and is used as shorthand to refer to that arid-humid boundary.


100th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 100th meridian west passes through:


100th meridian west, United States
In the United States the meridian 100° west of Greenwich forms the eastern border of the Texas panhandle with Oklahoma (which traces its origin to the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819 which settled the border between New Spain and the United States between the Red River and Arkansas River). Dodge City, Kansas lies exactly at the intersection of the Arkansas River and the 100th meridian.


100th meridian west, United States
In the central Great Plains, the meridian roughly marks the western boundary of the normal reach of moist air from the Gulf of Mexico, and the approximate boundary (although some areas do push the boundary slightly farther east) between the semi-arid climate to the west and the humid continental (north of about 37°N) and humid subtropical (south of about 37°N) climates to the east. The type of agriculture west of the meridian typically relies heavily on irrigation. Historically the meridian has often been taken as a rough boundary between the eastern and western United States. White settlement, spreading westward after the American Civil War, settled the area around this meridian during the 1870s.


100th meridian west, United States
A sign across U.S. Highway 30 in Cozad, Nebraska, marks the place where the 100th meridian intersects with the routes of the Oregon Trail, Pony Express, transcontinental railroad, and the Lincoln Highway.


100th meridian west, In popular culture
The song "At the Hundredth Meridian" by The Tragically Hip is about the 100th meridian west, specifically in Canada, and how it has traditionally been considered "where the great plains begin."


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment
101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment (Explosive Ordnance Disposal & Search) is a regiment of the British Army's Royal Engineers. Under Army 2020 Refine, the regiment moved from a hybrid regiment to a reserve EOD&S regiment with the regimental headquarters established in Catford. It is part of 29th (Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Search) Group, 8 Engineer Brigade. The Honorary Colonel of the regiment is Col Jools Holland.


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment
The regiment draws heritage from 1 Middlesex Engineer Volunteers formed by Norman MacLeod at the South Kensington museum in January 1860. It became part of 56th (London) Armoured Division.


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment, Origins
Following a war office instruction in 1859 authorising Lord Lieutenants of Counties to raise volunteer corps to be used in case of invasion. They were to be self-funded and by 1860 had a total membership of 119,146 despite subscription costs and uniform costs between £3 and £6. As part of this movement Norman Macleod offered two companies of engineers formed from engineering and allied professions at the South Kensington Museum to form the nucleus of a new Engineer Battalion named the 1st Middlesex Volunteer Engineers. In 1907 Yeomanry and Volunteers became Territorial Army and in 1908 1st Middlesex Volunteer Engineers became the engineers of 2nd London Division. At the start of the second world war the name was changed to 1st London Division Engineers, which evolved to 101 Engineer Regiment (Volunteers) in 1960.


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment, Origins
A new regimental headquarters grouping four (preexisting) EOD squadrons was formed on 1 June 1988, using the old 101 designation. 2010 saw the hybridisation of the regiment to regular and reserve, and on 28 July 2018 the regiment reverted to its original reserve status with the headquarters moving from Carver Barracks to Hudson House.


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment, Origins
The Regiment has retained an unbroken link with the London Divisions (47th, 56th, 58th, and 60th) over nearly 60 years which included both World Wars. Elements of the Regiment have been actively involved in securing the City of London from the threat of unexploded ordnance since The Blitz, which included direct support to Operation Olympics, providing military forces to assist with the Security for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Operation Olympics was the longest and largest military security operation in the mainland United Kingdom since World War II.


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment, Origins
In April 2000 the then Lord Mayor of the City of London, Alderman Clive Martin, granted “City of London” status to the Regiment in recognition of its long and distinguished association with the corporation; the Regiment retains close affiliations even today with the Curriers, Patternmakers, Fan Makers, Lightmongers and Constructors. In its 150-year history the Regiment has undergone no less than thirteen changes of name, however, ‘London’ has been the one constant for the past 102 years.


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment, Campaigns
101 Engineer Regiment (EOD&S) can trace back service in the following campaigns:


101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment, Honours and awards
The distinguished history of the regiment is reflected in the presentation of a total of 208 honours and awards. These consist of:


101 (album)
101 is a live album and documentary film by English electronic music band Depeche Mode. It was released on 13 March 1989 by Mute Records. It chronicles the final leg of the band's Music for the Masses Tour and the final show on 18 June 1988 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.


101 (album)
Band member Alan Wilder is credited with coming up with the album's title; the performance was the 101st and final performance of the tour (and coincidentally also the number of a famous highway in the area). The film was directed and produced by D. A. Pennebaker.


101 (album), Background and development
The band's original concept for the film was going to be about how Depeche Mode "fit into" the 1980s. After discussions with an "experienced director", they came to the conclusion that the (unnamed) choice was going to do something "too glossy" and that they wanted to present something more nuanced and interesting. At this point, they reached out to renowned documentary filmmaker D. A. Pennebaker. He accepted, but discarded their initial concept, feeling that it was "impossible to examine in an entertainingly cinematic fashion".


101 (album), Background and development
Ultimately, the film focused on what Depeche Mode considered to be their strongest selling point—their live performance—as well as capturing the spirit of their fan base. Notably, the film prominently features a group of young fans travelling across America as winners of a "be-in-a-Depeche Mode-movie-contest", which culminates at the band's landmark concert at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena.


101 (album), Background and development
Much to the chagrin of fans, the film does not depict the full Rose Bowl concert, but instead shows interspersed snippets of the band, the "bus kids" and live performances recorded throughout the tour. The 2003 DVD reissue included more concert footage, but as Pennebaker was "shooting a documentary, not a concert film", a complete record of the Rose Bowl concert does not exist.


101 (album), Background and development
Pennebaker used his direct cinema approach, which he described as "letting the camera run as unobtrusively as possible, thereby encouraging events to unfold on their own. [ ...] You edit more and the film changes every three days, but [the band] were very nice and patient about it."


101 (album), Background and development
Pennebaker admitted there was a similarity between Depeche Mode and some of the other artists he'd filmed before (Bob Dylan and David Bowie): "I found the audience very rapt; they were there for that band. Not any band would do. I got the feeling that maybe there was no other band they'd ever go out for again in that assemblage, and it made me take that audience fairly seriously."