1026 Ingrid, Discovery and recovery
With the recovery of Ingrid in 1986, and the almost simultaneously recovered asteroid 1179 Mally, the list of long-lost numbered asteroids was reduced to four. The last remaining lost asteroid, 69230 Hermes, was recovered in 2003.


1026 Ingrid, Orbit and classification
Ingrid is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,237 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, one night after its official discovery observation in 1923.


1026 Ingrid, Physical characteristics
Ingrid is an assumed S-type asteroid, in-line with the Flora family's spectral type.


1026 Ingrid, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
A rotational lightcurve of Ingrid was obtained from photometric observations by a group of Hungarian astronomers. The 2005-published lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5 hours with a brightness variation of 0.5 magnitude (U=2).


1026 Ingrid, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Ingrid measures between 5.73 and 7.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1441 and 0.43.


1026 Ingrid, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 8.19 kilometers based an absolute magnitude of 12.6.


1026 Ingrid, Naming
This minor planet was named after Ingrid, niece and godchild of Albrecht Kahrstedt (1897–1971), a German astronomer at ARI and director of the institute's Potsdam division, who requested the naming of this asteroid and 984 Gretia (mother of Ingrid) in a personal letter to the discoverer in February 1926. Kahrstedt himself was honored with the naming of 1587 Kahrstedt.


1026 Ingrid, Naming
The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H98). Lutz Schmadel quoted an excerpt of Kahrstedt's letter in his Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (LDS).


1027
Year 1027 (MXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1027 Aesculapia
1027 Aesculapia, provisional designation A923 YO11, is a Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 33 kilometers in diameter.


1027 Aesculapia
It was discovered on 11 November 1923, by Belgian–American astronomer George Van Biesbroeck at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, United States. It is named for Aesculapius, the god of medicine in Greek mythology.


1027 Aesculapia, Classification and orbit
Aesculapia is a member of the Themis family, a dynamical group of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids which are known for their nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,044 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.


1027 Aesculapia, Classification and orbit
In 1889, it was first identified as A899 PE at Harvard Observatory's Boyden Station in Arequipa, Peru. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in 1908, when it was identified as A908 AE, 15 years prior to its official discovery observation at Williams Bay.


1027 Aesculapia, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Aesculapia  measures between 31.225 and 38.55 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between and 0.06 and 0.129.


1027 Aesculapia, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) derives an albedo of 0.075 and a diameter of 32.05 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.9. Despite the body's low albedo, CALL classifies Aesculapia as a S-type rather than a C-type asteroid.


1027 Aesculapia, Photometry
In the last 20 years, photometric observations of Aesculapia gave several rotational lightcurves with significantly divergent rotation periods. First results obtained by Chester Maleszewski and René Roy were only fragmentary or incorrect (U=1/1). Photometry at the Palomar Transient Factory and observations by Astronomer Steven Ehlert gave a period of 9.791 and 19.506 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.09 and 0.19 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2). CALL currently adopts a lightcurve obtained by Kylie Hess at Oakley Southern Sky Observatory in March 2015, which gave a period of 13.529 hours and a brightness variation of 0.09 magnitude (U=2).


1027 Aesculapia, Naming
This minor planet was named for Aesculapius, the Greek and Roman demigod of medicine and healing, son of Apollo and Coronis, after whom the asteroids 158 Koronis and 1862 Apollo are named, respectively. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 98).


1028
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Graham87 (talk | contribs) at 15:40, 4 January 2021 (1 revision imported). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1028
Year 1028 (MXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1028 Lydina
1028 Lydina, provisional designation 1923 PG, is a carbonaceous background asteroid and member of the Cybele group from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 82 kilometers (50 miles) in diameter. It was discovered at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 6 November 1923, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky, who named it after his wife, Lydia Il'inichna Albitskaya. The dark C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.68 hours.


1028 Lydina, Orbit and classification
Lydina is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid is considered a member of the dynamical Cybele group, which are asteroid with low orbital inclinations and eccentricities, and with a semi-major axis between 3.3 and 3.5 AU, near the 4:7 orbital resonance with Jupiter.


1028 Lydina, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun in the outermost asteroid belt at a distance of 3.0–3.8 AU once every 6 years and 3 months (2,297 days; semi-major axis of 3.41 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.


1028 Lydina, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as A907 JF at Heidelberg Observatory in May 1907, more than 16 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.


1028 Lydina, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In November 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Lydina was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at his Santana Observatory (646) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 11.680 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 magnitude (U=3). Observations at the Italian Bassano Bresciano Observatory in December 2011 measured a concurring period 11.674 with an amplitude of 0.30 magnitude (U=3-). A previous observations at the Pico dos Dias Observatory (874), Brasil, gave a period of 15.69 hours, which Stephens interpreted as a 4:3-alias period solution of his results. A provisional lightcurve from March 2007, obtained by French amateur astronomers Pierre Antonini and Jean-Gabriel Bosch (48 hours) is of poor quality (U=1).


1028 Lydina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Lydina measures between 71.38 and 97.18 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0318 and 0.0586.


1028 Lydina, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0586 and a diameter of 71.38 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.43.


1028 Lydina, Naming
This minor planet was named after Lydia Il'inichna Albitskaya, wife of the discoverer Vladimir Albitsky (1891–1952). No accurate naming citation was given for this asteroid in The Names of the Minor Planets. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planets, Lutz Schmadel, learned about the naming circumstances from Nikolai Chernykh (1931–2004), who was himself a prolific long-time astronomer at Nauchnij, Crimea.


1029
Year 1029 (MXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1029 La Plata
1029 La Plata, provisional designation 1924 RK, is a stony Koronis asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 28 April 1924, by German astronomer Johannes Hartmann at the La Plata Astronomical Observatory in Argentina. It was named after the city of La Plata, Argentina, where the discovering observatory is located. The possibly elongated S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.31 hours.


1029 La Plata, Orbit and classification
La Plata is a member of the Koronis family (605), a prominent asteroid family with nearly co-planar ecliptical orbits and one of the largest families in the main belt at all. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,794 days; semi-major axis of 2.89 AU), which is near the 5:2 resonance with Jupiter (2.82 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.


1029 La Plata, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first observed as A916 UL and A916 UR at the observatories at Simeiz and Algiers in October 1916, respectively. Its observation arc begins with the latter observation at Algiers on 31 October 1916, more than 7 years prior its official discovery observation at La Plata.


1029 La Plata, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, La Plata is a common, stony S-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type for Koronian asteroids. The photometric survey conducted by Pan-STARRS also characterized it as an S-type.


1029 La Plata, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In October 2004, a rotational lightcurve of La Plata was obtained from photometric observations during an extensive survey of Koronian asteroids at seven different observatories in the United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 15.310 hours with a brightness variation of 0.58 magnitude (U=3). Previous measurements from 1975 and 1983 showed a period of 14 and 15.37 hours, respectively (U=2/2). Also in October 2004, an alternative period of 14.174 hours was obtained by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi (U=2). The consolidated brightness amplitude of 0.26 to 0.58 magnitude indicates that the body's shape is somewhat elongated.


1029 La Plata, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, La Plata measures between 16.46 and 20.78 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1819 and 0.310. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1655 and a diameter of 20.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.99.


1029 La Plata, Naming
This minor planet was named after the city of La Plata, Argentina, where the discovering La Plata Astronomical Observatory is located. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 98).


102P/Shoemaker
102P/Shoemaker, also known as Shoemaker 1, is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It was first seen in 1984 and then again in 1991. Images taken of it in 1999 were not recognized until 2006 when it was once again observed. It was unexpectedly dim in each of these returns.


102d Security Forces Squadron
The 102d Security Forces Squadron (102 SFS) is a unit of the 102d Intelligence Wing, Massachusetts Air National Guard, at Otis Air National Guard Base, Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts. If activated to federal service, the squadron is gained by the United States Air Force.


102d Security Forces Squadron
As an Air National Guard unit, the 102d Security Forces Squadron is not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command and is under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Air National Guard unless activated to federal service by order of the President of the United States.


102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade
The Tyneside Scottish Brigade was raised in 1914 as part of Kitchener's Army. Officially named the 102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade, it contained four Pals battalions from Newcastle-on-Tyne.


102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade, Origins
The Tyneside Scottish Brigade was a British First World War infantry brigade. It was formed from men from the Tyneside area of England and even though it was called a Scottish brigade, they accepted any nationality. The request to the War Office to form the brigade was originally turned down, but after a visit to Newcastle upon Tyne by Lord Haldane on 10 October 1915, permission was granted. The complete Tyneside Scottish Brigade of four battalions was raised by 16 November 1915. Reports of bodies of men and groups of miners marching ten miles into the city to enlist are common.


102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade, Origins
The brigade's four battalions were known as the 1st to 4th Tyneside Scottish. When taken over by the British Army, these became battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers as the:


102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade, Origins
The reserve battalions were the 29th and 33rd (Reserve) Battalions, Northumberland Fusiliers (Tyneside Scottish).


102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade, Active service
Under the command of Brigadier-General T. P. B. Ternan, the Tyneside Scottish Brigade suffered the worst losses of any brigade on 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme; the Tyneside Irish Brigade had the next worst tally of casualties. The 23rd (4th Tyneside Scottish) Battalion lost 629 men (19 officers and 610 other ranks), the third worst battalion loss of the day. The 20th (1st Tyneside Scottish) Battalion lost 584 men and the 22nd (3rd Tyneside Scottish) Battalion, led by Boer War veteran Lt Col Arthur Elphinstone (a Monkton Combe School old boy), lost 537 men. All four battalion commanders were killed (the 21st (2nd Tyneside Scottish) commander had been killed shortly before the battle).


102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade, Memorial
A memorial was dedicated to the fallen of the Tyneside Scottish Brigade, at La  Boiselle for their part in its capture. It was unveiled by Marshal Ferdinand Foch.


102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery
102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery was part of the Territorial Army and used to have sub-units initially in Scotland and Northern Ireland and, latterly, just in Northern Ireland.


102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery, History
The regiment was formed as 102 (Ulster and Scottish) Light Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) in 1967, from the amalgamation of 245 (Ulster) Light Air Defence Regiment RA, 445 (Lowland) Light Air Defence Regiment RA, and 278 (Lowland) Field Regiment RA (The City of Edinburgh). Its units initially were Headquarters Battery at Newtownards, 206 (Ulster) Light Air Defence Battery at Coleraine and 207 (Scottish) Light Air Defence Battery in Glasgow. The regiment was equipped with the Javelin surface-to-air missile.


102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery, History
In 1969 212 Battery was formed at Arbroath from the Highland Regiment RA and joined the regiment. The regiment was renamed 102 (Ulster and Scottish) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) in 1976. In 1986 207 Battery and 212 Battery (the Scottish-based batteries) left the regiment and 215 Battery was formed at Newtownards and joined the regiment at which point the regiment was renamed 102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery. The regiment was disbanded under Options for Change in 1993.


102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery, Bibliography
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102nd Battalion, CEF
The 102nd Battalion, CEF, (initially the 102nd Battalion (Northern British Columbia), then after August, 1917, the 102nd Battalion (Central Ontario), CEF) was an infantry battalion of the Great War Canadian Expeditionary Force. The 102nd Battalion was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 18 June 1916. It disembarked in France on 12 August 1916, where it fought as part of the 11th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion disbanded on 30 August 1920.


102nd Battalion, CEF
The 102nd Battalion recruited in Northern British Columbia and was mobilized at Comox, on Vancouver Island.


102nd Battalion, CEF
During the attack on Vimy Ridge, the 102nd lost most of its officers and for a time was led by one of the company sergeant-majors. The battalion achieved its objectives for the day but lost 314 killed or wounded.


102nd Battalion, CEF
One member of the 102nd Battalion, Lt. Graham Thomson Lyall was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 27 September 1918 North of Cambrai, France, during the Battle of the Canal Du Nord.


102nd Battalion, CEF
The 102nd Battalion, CEF is perpetuated by The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own).


102nd Battalion, CEF, Sources
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102nd Battalion, CEF, Sources
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102nd Cavalry Regiment
The 102nd Cavalry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army first established in 1913 and which saw service in World War II.


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
The regiment was designated as the 102nd Cavalry on 17 August 1921 from the 1st New Jersey Cavalry Regiment and had its headquarters in Newark. The regiment was initially assigned to the 21st Cavalry Division. It was re-designated as the 102d Cavalry Regiment (Horse and Mechanized) on 16 November 1940. The regiment was inducted into federal service in January 1941 and reorganized in 1943 and 1944. The 1st Squadron was redesignated the 102nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (Mechanized) while the 2nd Squadron became the 117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (Mechanized).


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
The regimental headquarters troop became the headquarters of the 102nd Cavalry Group (Mechanized) on 2 January 1944 in Exeter, England. With the 38th and 102nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadrons under its command, the group saw combat in northwest Europe during World War II with the V Corps. The group fought in the Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe campaigns. Following the war, the 102nd Group was inactivated on 22 October 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts. The 117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron was shipped to Algeria and later fought in Italy, southern France, Alsace, and Germany.


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
Following a series of postwar reorganizations and a period in which the unit was known as the 102nd Armor Regiment, the unit was consolidated with the 117th Cavalry Regiment on 1 August 2008 and designated the 102nd Cavalry Regiment, with a strength of one squadron that is subordinated to the 50th Infantry Brigade Combat Team.


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
The 1st New Jersey Cavalry Regiment had existed previously during the American Civil War, but the lineage of that incarnation of the unit was not officially carried over, apparently due to the lapse in a regimental structure between 1865 and 1913.


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
Troop C, 1st Squadron (Hackettstown), additionally entitled to:War on TerrorismIraq: National Resolution


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered BEACHES OF NORMANDY


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered PROVENCE TO LORRAINE


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
Troop B (West Orange), 1st Squadron, additionally entitled to:World War IIAsiatic-Pacific Theater, Streamer without inscription


102nd Cavalry Regiment, History
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered IRAQ SEP 2008-MAY 2009


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Organized 29 May 1913 in the New Jersey National Guard as the 1st Cavalry Squadron with headquarters at Newark


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Mustered into federal service 21 June 1916 at Sea Girt; mustered out of federal service 21 October 1916 at Newark


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Mustered into federal service 28 July 1917 at Sea Girt; drafted into federal service5 August 1917


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Squadron broken up 15 September 1917 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows:


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Squadron (less Troops B and D) reorganized and redesignated as the 104th Train Headquarters and Military Police, an element of the 29th Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Troops B and D, 1st Cavalry Squadron, consolidated to form Battery F, 110th Field Artillery, an element of the 29th Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
After 15 September 1917 the above units underwent changes as follows:


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
104th Train Headquarters and Military Police (less Company B), reorganized and redesignated 1 November 1918 as the 29th Military Police Company, an element of the 29th DivisionDemobilized 30 May 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Company B, 104th Train Headquarters and Military Police, reorganized and redesignated 29 October 1918 as Company C, First Army Military Police Battalion, and relieved from assignment to the 29th DivisionRedesignated 15 March 1919 as the 216th Company, Military Police CorpsDemobilized 14 July 1919 at Camp Dodge, Iowa


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Battery F, 110th Field Artillery, redesignated 27 November 1917 as Battery F, 112th Field Artillery, an element of the 29th DivisionDemobilized 31 May 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Former 1st Cavalry Squadron reorganized 1919-1920 in the New Jersey National Guard; Headquarters federally recognized 29 September 1920 at Newark


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Expanded, reorganized, and redesignated 1 March 1921 as the 1st Cavalry, with headquarters at Newark


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized and redesignated 17 August 1921 as the 102d Cavalry


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Relieved 16 November 1940 from assignment to the 21st Cavalry Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Inducted into federal service 6 January 1941 at home stations


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
2d Squadron withdrawn 30 November 1943, reorganized, and redesignated as the 117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized (1st Squadron – see ANNEX 1 [remainder of 102d Cavalry—hereafter separate lineages])


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized, inactivated 25 November 1945 in Germany


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized and federally recognized 20 November 1946 at West Orange as the 117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized and redesignated 1 November 1949 as the 2d Battalion, 102d Armored Cavalry


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Consolidated 1 February 1968 with the 6th Battalion, 50th Armor (see ANNEX 2), and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as the 102d Armor, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Consolidated 1 December 1971 with the 50th Armor (see ANNEXES 3, 4, and 5) and consolidated unit designated as the 102d Armor to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions and the 3d, 4th, and 5th Battalions, elements of the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized 1 July 1975 to consist of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 5th Battalions, elements of the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Withdrawn 1 June 1989 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized 1 September 1991 to consist of the 2d and 3d Battalions, elements of the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized 1 September 1993 to consist of the 2d and 3d Battalions, elements of the 42d Infantry Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Reorganized 1 September 1994 to consist of the 2d Battalion, an element of the 42d Infantry Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Ordered into active federal service 12 – 27 April 2004 at home stations; released from active federal service 11 – 26 April 2005 and reverted to state control


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
(Ordered into active federal service 16 June 2008 at home stations)


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Consolidated 1 September 2008 with the 117th Cavalry Regiment (see ANNEX 1) and consolidated unit designated as the 102d Cavalry Regiment, to consist of the 1st Squadron, an element of the 50th Infantry Brigade Combat Team


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage
Released from active federal service 20 July 2009 and reverted to state control


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Organized and federally recognized 13 February 1951 in the New Jersey Army National Guard as the 3d Battalion, 102d Armored Cavalry, with headquarters at Phillipsburg


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Reorganized and redesignated 1 May 1954 as the 250th Tank Battalion


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Reorganized and redesignated 1 March 1959 as the 2d Medium Tank Battalion, 53d Armor


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Redesignated 31 January 1963 as the 2d Battalion, 53d Armor


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 2
Redesignated 15 April 1964 as the 6th Battalion, 50th Armor


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Organized and federally recognized 16 June 1937 in the New Jersey National Guard from existing units as the 3d Battalion, 157th Field Artillery, an element of the 44th Division (later redesignated as the 44th Infantry Division), with headquarters at Vineland


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Inducted into federal service 16 September 1940 at home stations


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Redesignated 7 January 1941 as the 2d Battalion, 157th Field Artillery Regiment


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Reorganized and redesignated 20 February 1942 as the 157th Field Artillery


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Inactivated 12 November 1945 at Camp Chaffee, Arkansas, and relieved from assignment to the 44th Infantry Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Converted and redesignated 5 July 1946 as the 114th Tank Battalion and assigned to the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Reorganized and federally recognized 21 November 1946 with headquarters at Vineland


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Redesignated 1 March 1949 as the 114th Medium Tank Battalion


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Consolidated 1 March 1959 with the 644th Tank Battalion (see ANNEX 4), 113th Tank Battalion (see ANNEX 5), 215th Tank Battalion (organized and federally recognized 11 April 1947 with headquarters at Dumont), and the 50th Reconnaissance Battalion (organized and federally recognized 26 September 1946 from existing units with headquarters at Westfield) and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as the 50th Armor, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Medium Tank Battalions and the 5th Reconnaissance Squadron, elements of the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Reorganized 31 January 1963 to consist of the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 6th Battalions, elements of the 50th Armored Division (5th Reconnaissance Squadron [formerly the 50th Reconnaissance Battalion] concurrently withdrawn, reorganized, and redesignated as the 117th Cavalry – see ANNEX 1)


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 3
Reorganized 1 February 1968 to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 50th Armored Division (4th Battalion [formerly the 215th Tank Battalion] reorganized and redesignated as the 3d Squadron, 104th Armored Cavalry—hereafter separate lineage)


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 4
Constituted 3 December 1941 in the Army of the United States as the 644th Tank Destroyer Battalion, Light


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 4
Organized 15 December 1941 at Fort Dix, New Jersey, from the Anti-tank Battalion (Provisional) of the 44th Division (organized 1 July 1941 at Fort Dix, New Jersey)


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 4
Allotted 13 March 1942 to the New Jersey National Guard


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 4
Reorganized and federally recognized 18 November 1946 in eastern New Jersey as the 644th Tank Battalion with headquarters at Red Bank


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 4
Redesignated 1 March 1949 as the 644th Heavy Tank Battalion and assigned to the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 5
Constituted 9 July 1946 in the New Jersey National Guard as the 113th Tank Battalion and assigned to the 50th Armored Division


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 5
Organized and federally recognized 8 April 1947 in eastern New Jersey with headquarters at Orange


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Lineage, ANNEX 5
Redesignated 1 March 1949 as the 113th Medium Tank Battalion


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Distinctive unit insignia
A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1/8 inches (2.86 cm) in height overall blazoned: SHIELD: Per chevron enhanced Azure an Or, on the first two fleurs-de-lis of the second, in base a horse's head erased of the first. CREST: On a wreath of the colors Or and Azure, a lion's head Or collared four fusils Gules. Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed "SHOW ‘EM THE WAY" in Red.


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Distinctive unit insignia
SHIELD: The division of the shield per chevron alludes to the assault on the Normandy Beach. The two fleurs-de-lis represent service in Europe during World Wars I and II. The horse's head is from the historic crest of the Essex Troop. CREST: The crest is that of the New Jersey Army National Guard.


102nd Cavalry Regiment, Distinctive unit insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 117th Cavalry Regiment on 20 November 1964. It was amended to revise the symbolism on 23 February 1972. The insignia was redesignated effective 1 September 2008, for the 102d Cavalry Regiment with the description updated.


102nd Delaware General Assembly
The 102nd Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 2, 1923, which was two weeks before the beginning of the third administrative year of Governor William D. Denney and J. Danforth Bush as Lieutenant Governor.


102nd Delaware General Assembly
Currently the distribution of the Senate Assembly seats was made to seven senators for New Castle County and for five senators to each Kent and Sussex counties. Likewise the current distribution of the House Assembly seats was made to fifteen representatives for New Castle County and for ten representatives each to Kent and Sussex counties. The actual population changes of the county did not directly affect the number of senators or representatives at this time.


102nd Delaware General Assembly
In the 102nd Delaware General Assembly session both chambers had a Democratic majority.


102nd Delaware General Assembly, Members, Senate
About half of the State Senators were elected every two years for a four-year term. They were from a district in a specific county, with the number of districts determined by the state constitution, not the size of the population.


102nd Delaware General Assembly, Members, House of Representative
All the State Representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were from a district in a specific county, with the number of districts determined by the state constitution, not the size of the population.


102nd Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)
The 102nd Division (Chinese: 第102师)(1st Formation), was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, based on the 34th Brigade of Jianghuai Military District. Its history could be traced to 6th Brigade of New Fourth Army formed in November 1944.


102nd Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)
The division was a part of PLA 34th Corps. During the Chinese Civil War it took part in several major battles including the Huaihai Campaign. From April 1949 the division took part in the role of the security of Nanjing city.


102nd Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)
In November 1949 the division was transferred to Special Troops Column of Huadong Military Region.


102nd Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)
In January 1950 the division was inactivated. Headquarters, 102nd Division was converted to Headquarters, 3rd Artillery Division. Other assets and elements were transferred to the Special Troops Column, 13th Public Security Division and the People's Liberation Army Air Force.


102nd Division (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
The 102nd Division(Chinese: 第102师) (2nd Formation) of the People's Liberation Army in China was organized on October 11, 1950 from the 9th Security Brigade of Huadong Military Region. The division was composed of 3 infantry regiments, 304th Infantry Regiment, 305th Infantry Regiment, 306th Infantry Regiment. In May 1952 the division was reorganized as the 4th Agricultural Construction Division (Chinese: 农业建设第4师) and In November 1955 the division was disbanded.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:57, 19 November 2019 (→top: Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 102nd Division (第102師団, Dai-hyakuni Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Uproot Division (抜兵団, Hatsu Heidan).The division was formed on 15 June 1944 in Visayas. The nucleus of the formation was the 31st Independent Mixed Brigade. The 102nd division was a Type C(hei) security division, therefore the division backbone comprised independent infantry battalions instead of infantry regiments.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
On 29 July 1944, parts of the division perished when the Yoshino Maru transport was sunk by a US submarine. The rest  of the 102nd division was assembled in Ormoc on 26 October 1944, as the Battle of Leyte has begun since 17 October 1944.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In the course of the Battle of Leyte and subsequent Battle of the Visayas since March 1945, the garrisons of the 102nd division were isolated and increasingly decimated by the US forces. Some sub-units have managed to hold on in mountains until the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945 though.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
In particular, during the Invasion of Palawan in March–April 1945, the two battalions of the 102nd division were defeated by the US 186th regimental combat team. The Japanese garrison of Panay, consisting of a single company, retreated to the mountains and survived relatively intact despite efforts of US 185th regimental combat team.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
On Cebu, the 102nd division had a single battalion and an assortment of people rescued from Leyte. They suffered heavy casualties during the Battle for Cebu City but was able to continue a guerilla warfare afterwards.


102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army), Action
On Negros island, the 102nd division had about 4000 personnel from 77th infantry brigade. These survived after a guerilla campaign against invading US forces since March 1945.


102nd Division (Philippines)
The 102nd Infantry Division was a division of the Philippine Army under the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE).


102nd Division (Philippines)
Organized in early 1942, the division was responsible for the defense of the Cagayan Sector of Mindanao. It fought in the defense of Mindanao against Japanese invasion in early May, and surrendered after the Fall of Corregidor during the Philippines Campaign of 1941–1942.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Organization
The 61st and 81st Field Artillery Regiments were relocated by ship to Cagayan from Panay and Negros, respectively, between 2 and 3 January 1942. The movement was part of a large scale relocation of troops from the Visayas to Mindanao in order to strengthen the defenses of the latter. The 61st transferred from the 61st Division and the 81st from the 81st Division. The 61st and 81st Field Artillery were organized and equipped as infantry, due to the lack of artillery.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Organization
On 12 January,  United States Army Infantry Colonel William P. Morse was assigned commander of the Cagayan Sector of the Mindanao Force portion of the Visayan-Mindanao Force, including both regiments. Major General William F. Sharp commanded the Visayan-Mindanao Force. The Cagayan Sector was responsible for the defense of the northern terminus of the Sayre Highway, one of the island's two highways, and its only heavy bomber airfield, Del Monte.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Organization
They still had few if any items of heavy equipment, but had manpower and some rifles. Soon after the assignment of sectors to the 61st and 81st Field Artillery, Major Reed Graves' 1st Battalion, 101st Infantry reduced the 81st Field Artillery sector by taking over positions west from Tinao Canyon to the Little Agusan River. Around a week later the battalion was transferred south and replaced by the 3rd Philippine Constabulary Regiment, which took over the area from the Cagayan River to Barrio Gusa. The constabulary unit was in turn relieved by the 103rd Infantry, less 2nd Battalion, around 15 February.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Organization
The formation of the 102nd Division from the troops of the Cagayan Sector under the command of Morse was authorized by Douglas MacArthur when he passed through Mindanao during his escape to Australia in mid-March, by USAFFE General Order No. 43 on 15 March. Its 102nd Engineer Battalion was organized from personnel of the Surigao Provisional Battalion, while men from the Agusan Provisional Battalion and 2nd Provisional Battalion (Cotabato) were used to form the Headquarters Company, Service Troops and the 102nd Maintenance and Quartermaster Companies. Due to a shortage of ammunition, the untrained Filipino soldiers of the division were not able to conduct live fire exercises, and had never fired their outmoded Enfield rifles, instead spending hours practicing simulated firing.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Organization
In order to defend against an anticipated amphibious landing at Macajalar Bay against the Sayre Highway, Morse positioned the division along its shores between the Tagoloan and Cagayan Rivers. The 81st Field Artillery, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John P. Woodbridge, reinforced by a 65-man detachment composed of ground personnel-turned-infantrymen from the 30th Bombardment Squadron that had been left at Del Monte when their squadron departed for Australia, held a four-mile sector from the Tagaloan to the Sayre Highway. The four miles to the west, extending from the highway to the Cugman River, were held by Colonel Hiram W. Tarkington's 61st Field Artillery, while Major Joseph R. Webb's 103rd Infantry guarded the remainder of the line to the Cagayan.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Organization
About 1 May, the division numbered 4,713 men, including nineteen American officers, 67 American enlisted men (65 from the Air Corps detachment and two in the 61st Field Artillery), 268 Filipino officers, and 4,359 Filipino enlisted men. The 103rd Infantry was the strongest with nearly 1,800 personnel, while the 61st and 81st Field Artillery numbered slightly more than 1,000.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
On the afternoon of 2 May, the 102nd Division was alerted for combat after the convoy carrying the Kawamura Detachment, the Japanese invasion force for the Cagayan Sector, was spotted by a reconnaissance aircraft north of Macajalar Bay. The convoy entered the bay during the night, precipitating execution of the previously prepared demolition plan. The Japanese began simultaneous landings at Cagayan and at Tagoloan about 01:00 on 3 May, supported by the fire of two destroyers from the convoy. By dawn, the Japanese firmly held the shoreline between Tagoloan and the Sayre Highway.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
Although Webb was unable to prevent the Cagayan landing, he launched a two-company counterattack against the beachhead. In his subsequent report to Sharp, Webb stated that he might have been able to repulse the Japanese if he had not been forced to retreat when his right flank was exposed by the retreat of the 61st Field Artillery.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
In response to the Japanese landing, Sharp moved his reserves, which were the 2.95-inch gun detachment of Major Paul D. Phillips, the 62nd Infantry of Lieutenant Colonel Allen Thayer, and the 93rd Infantry of Major John C. Goldtrap, forward. The 2.95-inch gun detachment and the 93rd Infantry took up blocking positions on the Sayre Highway in the evening, as the 62nd Infantry moved up behind them.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
At 16:00 Morse ordered a general withdrawal, under the cover of darkness, to positions astride the highway about six miles south of the beach, but this was never effected due to a conference between Sharp, Morse, Woodbridge, and Webb. Instead, the commanders decided to defend along a line parallel to the Mangima Canyon and River east of Tankulan, where the Sayre Highway briefly separated into an upper and lower road, in order to block the Sayre Highway and prevent a Japanese advance into central Mindanao.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
Sharp issued his orders for the withdrawal at 23:00. The Dalirig Sector on the upper (northern) road was held by the 102nd Division with the 62nd Infantry, 81st Field Artillery, the 2.95-inch gun detachment, and Companies C and E of the 43rd Infantry (PS), under Morse's command. The former commander of the Mindanao Force Reserve, Colonel William F. Dalton, took command of the Puntian Sector on the lower (southern road) with the 61st Field Artillery and the 93rd Infantry. Separated by the Japanese advance, the 103rd Infantry was made independent, tasked with defending the Cagayan River valley.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
All units reached the positions by the morning of 4 May, taking advantage of a lull in the Japanese advance to organize the line for the rest of that day and the next. The division's 62nd Infantry held the main line of resistance along the east wall of Mangima Canyon, closely supported by the 2.95-inch gun detachment, while the reserve, Companies C and E of the 43rd Infantry (PS), was stationed in Dalirig itself. The remnants of the 81st Field Artillery, reduced to 200 men, were stationed in a draw 500 yards behind the town.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
The Kawamura Detachment resumed its advance on 6 May, reaching Tankulan by the end of the day and registering artillery on Dalirig. On the next day, accurate Japanese artillery fire and air attack targeted the 62nd Infantry, whose left battalion suffered the most, forcing Thayer to reinforce the line with his reserve battalion. The bombardment continued until 19:00 on 8 May, when the Japanese infiltrated the division's lines, sowing disorder. In the chaos two platoons "mysteriously received orders to withdraw" and retreated, but were quickly stopped as no such orders had actually been issued.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
Before they could return to the front they came under attack from a small force of Japanese infiltrators, after which other Filipino troops commenced firing, although they could not distinguish between friend and foe in the night, inducing further panic on the line. The firing was only halted after Thayer's personal intervention.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Japanese invasion of Mindanao
After holding through the night, the 62nd Infantry, "tired and disorganized", retreated towards Dalirig by the morning of 9 May. The 2.5-inch gun detachment retreated, leaving the two Philippine Scout companies as the last organized resistance in the sector. At 11:30, as the 62nd retreated through the town, the Japanese attacked them on three sides, turning the retreat into a rout. The two Scout companies held their positions, but were forced to withdraw when threatened with encirclement. The Dalirig forces fled over exposed terrain, discarding equipment as they progressed under small arms, artillery fire, and strafing. By the end of the 9 May the Dalirig Sector forces no longer existed, except for the 150 men of the 2.5-inch gun detachment, holding positions five miles to the east of the town.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Surrender
Sharp surrendered his command on 10 May, following the Fall of Corregidor, having ordered the 102nd Division units in the Dalirig Sector at 21:30 on 9 May to surrender at daybreak. Including the 103rd Infantry, the division surrendered sixteen American officers and four enlisted men, as well as eighty Filipino officers and 622 enlisted men. The remainder were listed as missing in action. Three American officers, seven Filipino officers, and 166 Filipino enlisted men from the 62nd Infantry surrendered, while only the two American officers of the two 43rd Infantry companies surrendered. The surrendered personnel of the division were sent to the former 101st Division camp at Malaybalay, along with the other surrendered personnel of the Visayas-Mindanao Force.


102nd Division (Philippines), History, Surrender
The 102nd Division personnel who remained unsurrendered simply disappeared into the hills of Mindanao; many later fought in the Philippine resistance against Japan.


102nd Division (Philippines), Order of battle, Later Period (4–10 May 1942)
The following units were included in the 102nd Division from the retreat to Dalirig to the surrender:


102nd Field Artillery Regiment
The 102nd Field Artillery Regiment is an inactive Field Artillery Regiment in the Massachusetts Army National Guard. Originally organized in 1786, the 102nd Field Artillery's predecessor units served in the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, and World War I. Units of the regiment served with the 26th Infantry Division during World War II and the Cold War.


102nd Field Artillery Regiment, History
The 102nd Field Artillery was organized in July 1786 in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia at Salem, Massachusetts, as the Cadet Company and re-designated as the Second Corps of Cadets. In 1972 they became the 102nd Field Artillery and in 1996 the 102nd was reorganized as a regiment to consist of the 1st Battalion. The regiment's battalions were associated with the 26th Infantry Division for a long period and later was assigned to the 113th Field Artillery Brigade. On July 15, 2006, the 102d cased their colors in Fort Independence at Castle Island in South Boston, Massachusetts. The lineage of the 102d Field Artillery and the Second Corps of Cadets was transferred to Charlie Battery, 1st Battalion 101st Field Artillery in Danvers, Massachusetts.


102nd Fortress Division (France)
The French 102nd Division was an Infantry division (French: 102e Division d'Infanterie Territoriale, 102e DIT) of the French Army during World War I, and a Fortress division (French: 102e Division d'Infanterie de Forteresse, 102e DIF) during World War II.


102nd Fortress Division (France), World War I
During World War I, the division comprised the 286th Territorial Infantry Regiment, the 292nd Territorial Infantry Regiment, the 326th Territorial Infantry Regiment and the 342nd Territorial Infantry Regiment.


102nd Fortress Division (France), World War I
The division was formed on 25 May 1915 and dissolved on 1 May 1916. During this time, it was part of the French 13th Army Corps (13e Corps d' Army (CA)) (part of the Sixth Army).


102nd Fortress Division (France), World War II
During the Battle of France in May 1940, the division was made up of:


102nd Fortress Division (France), World War II
It was a Series A reserve division, which contained younger reservists and a Fortress Division defending the French Border with Belgium. The division was led by General André Corap and resisted the German invasion at the Meuse. On the 14th May they held up the 6th Panzer Division at Montherme but withdrew when they came under attack from the rear.


102nd Grey Cup
The 102nd Grey Cup was a Canadian football game played November 30, 2014, between the West Division champion Calgary Stampeders and East Division champion Hamilton Tiger-Cats, to determine the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship for the 2014 season. The contest was held at BC Place stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Stampeders won the contest 20–16 to claim their seventh Grey Cup championship in franchise history and first since 2008. Calgary quarterback Bo Levi Mitchell was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player, while Hamilton's Andy Fantuz received the Dick Suderman Trophy as most outstanding Canadian.


102nd Grey Cup, Host city
In 2008, the CFL awarded an expansion team to Ottawa and named the city host of the 2014 Grey Cup, conditional on the franchise being ready to play by 2010. Lawsuits and construction delays during the renovation of Frank Clair Stadium pushed the start date for the city's expansion team, the Ottawa RedBlacks, to 2014. As a consequence, the CFL sought a new venue for the contest. The CFL moved the game to BC Place Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, which had most recently hosted the 99th Grey Cup in 2011. (Ottawa would eventually be awarded the 105th Grey Cup.)


102nd Grey Cup, Path to the Grey Cup, Calgary Stampeders
The Calgary Stampeders finished the regular season with the top record in the CFL at 15–3. Their 15 wins also tied the franchise record. They advanced directly to the West Division final where they hosted the Edmonton Eskimos. Led by running back Jon Cornish, the Stampeders eliminated the Eskimos with a 43–18 victory. Cornish was named the Most Outstanding Canadian for 2014 after leading the CFL in rushing with 1,082 yards despite missing nine games due to injuries. He was one of two award winners for the Stampeders as centre Brett Jones was named Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman. The team was led by 24-year-old quarterback Bo Levi Mitchell, who stood 15–2 in his career as a starter and who won his first playoff game in the victory over Edmonton.


102nd Grey Cup, Path to the Grey Cup, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats finished atop the East Division with a 9–9 record. They hosted the Montreal Alouettes, who also ended the regular season at 9–9, in the East Final. The contest was the first playoff game at Tim Hortons Field, which opened mid-season and where Hamilton won all six home games played there. Hamilton advanced to their second consecutive Grey Cup final with a 40–24 victory that featured two punt returns for touchdowns by Brandon Banks. Hamilton's offence was led by quarterback Zach Collaros, who played his first season as a CFL starter in 2014 after serving as the back-up to Ricky Ray with the Toronto Argonauts for two seasons.


102nd Grey Cup, Path to the Grey Cup, Head to head
The Stampeders entered the game as 81⁄2-point favourites to win the title as the dominant story line entering the game centred around whether Hamilton could complete an upset of Calgary. The Stampeders won both regular-season games, 10–7 at Calgary in week four and 30–20 at Hamilton in week eight. Both teams were without key players during those games as both Jon Cornish and Zach Collaros were unavailable for both contests. The Grey Cup game pitted the best rushing offence in the CFL – Calgary averaged 143.4 yards per game rushing – against a Hamilton team that allowed the fewest rushing yards, 73.4 per game.


102nd Grey Cup, Path to the Grey Cup, Head to head
The 2014 Grey Cup represented the third time the Stampeders and Tiger-Cats had met in the championship. Hamilton won the 87th Grey Cup in 1999 by a 32–21 score, which avenged a Calgary 26–24 victory at 1998's 86th Grey Cup. Hamilton made its second consecutive appearance in the title game; they lost the 101st Grey Cup to the Saskatchewan Roughriders. Calgary's most recent appearance came in 2012 when they lost the 100th Grey Cup to the Toronto Argonauts.


102nd Grey Cup, Game summary
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats were unable to get their offence working early in the game as they ended the first quarter with −12 yards rushing and only +4 net yards. Calgary had 120 net yards, 117 passing, but began the second quarter with only a 7–0 lead following a one-yard touchdown rush by Drew Tate at the 9:48 mark. Tate scored a second touchdown 48 seconds into the second quarter and Calgary added a field goal to extend their lead to 17–0.


102nd Grey Cup, Game summary
The Stampeders maintained the score when Demonte Bolden blocked Hamilton's attempted field goal with six minutes remaining in the half, however the Tiger-Cats scored their first points of the game three minutes later when quarterback Zach Collaros connected with Brandon Banks on a 45-yard pass play; Calgary led 17–7 at the half.


102nd Grey Cup, Game summary
Stampeders quarterback Bo Levi Mitchell completed ten consecutive passes midway through the game, tying him for the third longest streak in Grey Cup history, but the Stampeders could add only a field goal in the third quarter to take a 20–7 lead. Hamilton scored a field goal early in the fourth quarter to cut the deficit to ten points, then regained possession after Delvin Breaux intercepted Mitchell for the only turnover of the game. Collaros moved the Tiger-Cats offence to within three yards of the goal line, but Hamilton was forced to settle for a field goal. The Tiger-Cats against marched the ball into Calgary territory but were again prevented from scoring a touchdown after Corey Mace sacked Collaros on second down. Hamilton scored a third consecutive field goal to cut the lead to 20–16 with 2:05 remaining in the contest.


102nd Grey Cup, Game summary
Calgary was forced to punt with less than a minute to play. Brandon Banks received the punt and ran the ball 90 yards for an apparent touchdown to give Hamilton a lead; however, the play was called back when Taylor Reed was penalized for an illegal block. Instead, Hamilton's offence began at their defensive 12-yard line. The Tiger-Cats subsequently ran out of time as Collaros' attempted pass on the final play of the game fell incomplete.


102nd Grey Cup, Game summary
The 20–16 victory represented the franchise's seventh Grey Cup championship and first since 2008. Bo Levi Mitchell was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player after completing 25 of 34 passes for 334 yards. Hamilton's Andy Fantuz received the Dick Suderman Trophy as the Most Outstanding Canadian. He received six passes for 81 yards.


102nd Grey Cup, Entertainment
Alternative rock band Imagine Dragons headlined the contest's half time show. It was the third time an American band has been brought in to perform, a decision that some Canadians have criticized due to a preference for using the stage to promote local talent. Canadian country and rock artist Dallas Smith performed during the pre-game festivities and Nikki Yanofsky (accompanied by 102 members of the Coastal Sound Music Academy) sang O Canada. In Vancouver, organizers opted to host events and festivities in a single location around the city's convention centre in a bid to create a "small-town feel" and try to "overcome the big-small divide that is apparent between CFL cities".


102nd Grey Cup, Attendance
The 2014 Grey Cup game was not a sellout, with 1,423 tickets remaining unsold. Vancouver having hosted the event just three years prior was cited as the main cause for the slump, while the mediocre performance by home side BC Lions provided few opportunities to drum up interest over the course of the season.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
102nd Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, was an air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) formed at Antrim, Northern Ireland, during the period of international tension leading up to the outbreak of World War II. It defended Belfast and its shipyards during the early part of the war and then served in the Middle East. The regiment continued in the postwar TA until amalgamated in 1955.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Formation
The Territorial Army was rapidly expanded following the Munich Crisis, particularly the Anti- Aircraft (AA) branch of the Royal Artillery (RA). 102nd Anti- Aircraft Regiment, RA was among the new units raised in 1939: it was still being formed when Anti- Aircraft Command was mobilised on 24 August 1939 in anticipation of war with Germany. The new regiment formed part of 3 AA Brigade defending Northern Ireland in 3rd AA Division, and had the following organisation:


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II
In November 1939, while 102nd AA Rgt was still forming, 3rd AA Bde HQ and some of its units were deployed to France with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). On 1 June 1940 those AA regiments equipped with 3-inch or heavier guns were termed Heavy Anti- Aircraft (HAA); this included 102nd AA Regiment, despite its hybrid HAA/LAA organisation. By the time 3 AA Bde HQ returned to Belfast after the Battle of France had been lost and the BEF evacuated without its equipment, there were only seven HAA guns to defend the city.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Belfast Blitz
AA Command rapidly expanded during the Battle of Britain and the following Luftwaffe night campaign against UK cities known as the Blitz. Five new AA divisions were created on 1 November 1940, including 12th AA Division, which was formed by separating responsibility for Northern Ireland and the industrial areas of Western Scotland from 3rd AA Division. 3 AA Brigade came under the command of this new formation.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Belfast Blitz
During this period 102nd HAA Rgt was the only HAA unit available to 3 AA Bde. 175 and 176 LAA Batteries left the regiment on 1 December 1940 to form a separate 66th LAA Rgt at Belfast. This regiment later served in the Middle East. 102nd HAA Regiment also provided a cadre of experienced officers and men as the basis of a new 417 HAA Bty formed on 16 January 1941 at 211th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry in Wales. This later joined 123rd HAA Rgt.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Belfast Blitz
Although its shipyards made Belfast an important target, the city did not receive a major bombing raid until nearly the end of the Blitz, when two attacks on 15 April and 4 May (the Belfast Blitz) caused widespread damage and loss of life. After May 1941, there were only rare incursions by the Luftwaffe, though the strength of 3 AA Bde steadily increased.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Mid-war
There was little change in the mid-war years. On 12 January 1942, 431 HAA Bty joined the regiment from 64th (Northumbrian) HAA Rgt stationed in North East England. The battery moved on to 126th HAA Rgt in the West Country on 10 July 1942.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Mid-war
A reorganisation of AA Command in October 1942 saw the AA divisions disbanded to be replaced by a smaller number of AA Groups more closely aligned with the groups of RAF Fighter Command. Northern Ireland came under a single 7 AA Group HQ and 3 AA Bde was disbanded, several of its units being made available for service elsewhere. 102nd HAA Regiment moved to 37 AA Bde, which operated the 'Thames North' AA layout on the north side of the Thames Estuary protecting London. But by early November it was unbrigaded, and by late February it had left AA Command completely and was on its way to the Middle East.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Middle East
102nd HAA Regiment had joined Middle East Forces (MEF) by late May 1943, and by early July it had been assigned to Ninth Army in Palestine and Syria. At the end of the year 102nd HAA Rgt was part of 1 AA Bde, which was responsible for the Levant area, including Haifa, Homs and Baalbek.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Middle East
Earlier in the war, Haifa had been an important naval base and oil terminal. However, since the North African Campaign ended in May 1943, MEF had become a military backwater. At the beginning of 1944, the Eastern Mediterranean AA Group began to be run down: the air threat had diminished and the need to provide manpower for combat tasks elsewhere had become urgent. Surplus AA units in the region started to be disbanded; 102nd HAA Rgt was placed in suspended animation on 16 January 1944 and its personnel redeployed elsewhere.


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, 102nd HAA Rgt was reformed as 502 (Ulster) (Mixed) Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment ('Mixed' indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were now integrated into the unit). Regimental HQ was now at Ormeau Road, Belfast. It formed part of 51 (Ulster) AA Brigade (the wartime 3 AA Bde).


102nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
When AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955, there were wholesale mergers amongst its units. All the AA units in Northern Ireland were amalgamated into 245 (Ulster) Light Anti- Aircraft Regiment, to which 502 HAA Rgt contributed R Battery. With the reduction of the TA into the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve in 1967, this regiment in turn was amalgamated to form 102 (Ulster & Scottish) Light Air Defence Regiment.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 102nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The 102nd Illinois Infantry was organized at Knoxville, Illinois, and mustered in for three years service on September 1, 1862.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Ward's Brigade, Dumont's 12th Division, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. Ward's Brigade, Post of Gallatin, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to August 1863. Ward's Brigade, Post of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to January 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XI Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to April, 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XX Corps, Army of the Cumberland, and Army of Georgia, to June, 1865.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Service
The 102nd Illinois Infantry mustered out of service on June 6, 1865, and discharged at Chicago, Illinois, on June 14, 1865.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Peoria, Illinois, September 22, then to Louisville, Kentucky, October 1. March in pursuit of Bragg through Kentucky October 1–16, 1862. March to Gallatin, Tennessee, via Frankfort, Bowling Green, and Scottsville, Kentucky, October 16-November 26. Duty at Gallatin until June 6, 1868. Action at Woodbury April 27, 1863. Moved to Lavergne, Tennessee, and on railroad guard duty at Lavergne and Stewart's Creek until February 1864. (5 companies mounted August 1863.) Moved to Wauhatchie Valley, Tennessee, February 25, 1864. Scout from Lookout Valley to Deer Head Cove, Georgia, March 29–31. Atlanta Campaign May 1-September 8. Movement on Dalton May 5–8.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25. New Hope Church May 25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 26-June 5. Big Shanty June 1. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Gilgal or Golgotha Church June 15. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kennesaw June 27.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Operations at Chattahoochie River Bridge August 26-September 2. Occupation of Atlanta September 2-November 15. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Occupation of Milledgeville November 22. Ogeechee River November 29. Siege of Savannah December 10–21. Carolinas Campaign January to April 1865. Occupation of Hardeeville January 3, 1865. Occupation of Lawtonville, South Carolina, February 2. Rockingham, North Carolina, March 7. Fayetteville, North Carolina, March 11. Averysboro, Taylor's Hole Creek, March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19–21. Moccasin Creek March 24. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Virginia, April 30-May 19. Grand Review of the Armies May 24.


102nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 119 men during service; 51 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 68 enlisted men died of disease.


102nd Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 102nd Indiana Infantry Regiment served in the Union Army between July 10 and 17, 1863, during the American Civil War.


102nd Indiana Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was organized in Indianapolis, Indiana on July 10, 1863, to repel Morgan's Raid. Morgan's Raid so-called after Confederate General John Hunt Morgan who, with his troops, rained terror and destruction throughout Indiana. The regiment saw duty at Vernon, Dupont, Osgood and Sauman's Station, and on July 17, 1863, the regiment was mustered out.


102nd Infantry Division (United States)
The 102nd Infantry Division ("Ozark") was a unit of the United States Army in World War II. The unit is currently active as the 102nd Training Division (Maneuver Support).


102nd Infantry Division (United States), Interwar period
The division was constituted in the Organized Reserve on 24 June 1921, allotted to the Seventh Corps Area, and assigned to the XVII Corps, with Arkansas and Missouri as its home area. The headquarters was organized on 2 September 1921 at 3d and Olive Streets in St. Louis, and relocated in 1923 to the Old Customhouse. The HQ remained there until activated for World War II. To encourage esprit de corps, the division adopted the nickname “Ozark” after the mountainous region that ran through both home area states, and the division staff published a newsletter titled “Ozark.”


102nd Infantry Division (United States), Interwar period
The division formed rapidly and by November 1922, it was up to 95 percent strength in its complement of officers as required by its peacetime tables of organization. The designated mobilization and training station for the division was Fort Riley, KS. The HQ and staff usually trained at Fort Leavenworth, KS. The subordinate infantry regiments of the division held their summer training primarily with the 17th Infantry Regiment at Fort Leavenworth.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), Interwar period
In the 1920s and 1930s Harry S. Truman, a lieutenant colonel in the Officers' Reserve Corps, commanded the division's 1st Battalion, 379th Field Artillery Regiment. After promotion to colonel, Truman advanced to command of the 379th Field Artillery Regiment.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
The 102nd Infantry Division, under the command of Major General Frank A. Keating, arrived on the Western Front in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) at Cherbourg, France, 23 September 1944, and, after a short period of training near Valognes, moved to the German-Netherlands border. On 26 October, elements attached to other divisions entered combat and on 3 November the division assumed responsibility for the sector from the Wurm to Waurichen.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
A realignment of sectors and the return of elements placed the 102nd in full control of its units for the first time, 24 November 1944, as it prepared for an attack to the Roer. The attack jumped off, 29 November, and carried the division to the river through Welz, Flossdorf, and Linnich.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
After a period of aggressive patrolling along the Roer, 4–19 December, the division took over the XIII Corps sector from the Wurm River, north of the village of Wurm, to Barmen on the south, and trained for river crossing. On 23 February 1945, the 102d attacked across the Roer (Operation Grenade), advanced toward Lövenich and Erkelenz, bypassed Mönchengladbach, took Krefeld, 3 March, and reached the Rhine. During March the division was on the defensive along the Rhine, its sector extending from Homburg south to Düsseldorf.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
Crossing the river on 9 April on pontoon bridge, the division attacked in the Wesergebirge, meeting stiff opposition. After 3 days and nights of terrific enemy resistance Wilsede and Hessisch-Oldendorf fell, 12 April 1945, and the 102d pushed on to the Elbe, meeting little resistance. Breitenfeld fell, 15 April, and the division outposted the Elbe River, 48 miles from Berlin, its advance halted on orders. Storkau experienced fighting on the 16th, EHRA on the 21st along with Fallersleben. On 3 May 1945 the 102nd shook hands with the Russian 156th Division just outside Berlin.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
On 15 April the division discovered a war crime in Gardelegen. About 1,200 prisoners from the Mittelbau-Dora and Hannover-Stöcken concentration camps were forced from a train into an empty barn measuring approximately a hundred by fifty feet on the outskirts of the town. The barn was then set afire, killing those inside. About 1,016 people were killed. However, two men survived, buried under a shield of dead bodies, protecting them from the gunfire and flames. When the first soldiers arrived at the barn, the two came crawling out from under the dead and burning bodies.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
Major General Keating ordered that the nearby civilian population be forced to view the site and to disinter and rebury the victims in a new cemetery. After digging the graves and burying the bodies, they erected a cross or a Star of David over each grave and enclosed the site with a white fence.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), World War II, Combat chronicle
The division patrolled and maintained defensive positions until the end of hostilities in Europe, then moved to Gotha for occupation duty.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), Post-war History (1946–1965)
On 1 June 1959, the division was reorganized as a Pentomic Division. The division's three infantry regiments were inactivated and their elements reorganized into five infantry battle groups. On 1 April 1963, the division was reorganized as a Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD). Three Brigade Headquarters were activated and Infantry units were reorganized into battalions:


102nd Infantry Division (United States), Post-war History (1946–1965)
The division and subordinate elements were inactivated on 31 December 1965. Later, when the 102d Army Reserve Command was formed as a regional headquarters for Army Reserve units within the same general area where the 102d Infantry Division had been located, the shoulder sleeve insignia was authorized for wear by units of the 102d ARCOM, such as the military police unit stationed at Richards Gebaur AFB near Belton, Missouri. The lineage of the 102d Division is perpetuated by the 102d Training Division.


102nd Infantry Division (United States), Subordinate units
The division was reactivated on September 16, 2008 as the 102nd Training Division; with headquarters concurrently activated at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. The division's location was changed on April 1, 2017 to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri,As of 2017 the following units are subordinated to the division:


102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 102nd Infantry Division was a German military infantry division during World War II. It served on the Eastern Front, fighting in the Rzhev salient and the Battle of Kursk. It was destroyed during the latter stages of the Soviet Red Army's East Prussian Offensive in 1945.


102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Organisation and history
The division was formed on 15 December 1940 in Wehrkreis II (Mecklenburg/Pomerania), in the 12th mobilisation wave, using elements of the 8th Infantry Division and the 28th Infantry Division. The division fought on the Eastern Front, for much of its existence it was part of the Ninth Army assigned to Army Group Centre.


102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Organisation and history
On 25 November 1942 the Soviets simultaneously launched attacks against the eastern, western and northern flanks of the German Rzhev salient, known as Operation Mars. North of the Osuga River, the 102nd successfully repelled repeated assaults by 20,000 infantry and over 100 tanks of three Soviet 31st Army divisions (The 31st Army led its attack with the 88th, 336th, and 239th Rifle Divisions, supported by the 332d and 145th Tank Brigades). Soviet infantry clad in winter white advanced in echelon, their ranks interspersed with supporting tanks.


102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Organisation and history
German artillery, machine guns, and small arms fire tore gaping holes in the ranks of the assaulting infantry as antitank weapons picked off the accompanying tanks. For three days and at a cost of more than half of their riflemen and most of their tanks, the Soviets hurled themselves in vain at the 102nd Division's prepared defenses. Faced with this determined resistance, the 31st Army's assault collapsed, and, despite Zhukov's and Konev's exhortations, it could not be revived.


102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Organisation and history
In 1943 it was involved in Operation Citadel (the Battle of Kursk) and its aftermath, losing much of its strength in a series of fierce defensive battles around Orel; by October it was listed as assigned to the Second Army and reduced to Kampfgruppe level. In January 1944, the division was assigned to the Ninth Army, covering its southern flank in the Pripet Marshes. It avoided the disastrous encirclement and destruction of much of the Ninth Army around Bobruisk in late June during the Soviet Operation Bagration, and was then assigned back to the Second Army, holding a line of defence along the River Narew.


102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Organisation and history
The Soviet army's East Prussian Offensive, from 13 January 1945 onwards, broke  the under-strength division, which was pushed north and trapped in the Heiligenbeil pocket, being reassigned to the Fourth Army. In February it held the perimeter near Mehlsack, before being assigned to defend Braunsberg until it fell on 20 March. A few troops broke through westwards and eventually surrendered to the Americans in Schleswig-Holstein: the other encircled divisional elements in the kessel (cauldron) were eventually taken over by the 28th Jäger Division, being involved in the final defence of the Kahlholzer Haken peninsula at Balga.


102nd Infantry Regiment (France)
The 102nd Infantry Regiment (French: 102e Régiment d'Infanterie, 102e RI) was an infantry regiment of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.


102nd Infantry Regiment (France), French Royal Army
Its ancestor regiments were the Infantry Regiment of the Line Le Dauphin (Nr. 29) and Royal-Deux Ponts (Nr 99). The Regiment was raised in 1667 by Michel De Fisicat, as Le Dauphin (nr. 29) and on 26 April 1775 split into two regiments. The 1st and 3rd battalions retained the old title and number and the 2nd and rth battalions became the new Infantry Regiment Perche (Nr 30).


102nd Infantry Regiment (France), The Revolutionary Wars as Infantry Regiment of the Line Perche (Nr 30), Campaigns
Initially, the Regiment served in the Army of the Center, at Metz. Following the Battle of Valmy on 20 September 1792, the Regiment was assigned to the Army of the Ardennes. In 1793, the Regiment saw action in the Meuse campaign. In 1794, it underwent its first amalgamation (17 May), under the Levée en Masse, and became the 2nd battalion 59th Demi-Brigade of Battle, with the 4th battalion, Volunteers of Paris, also called 'l'Oratoire and the 7th battalion of the Rhône-et-Loire, in the Army of the Moselle.


102nd Infantry Regiment (France), The Revolutionary Wars as Infantry Regiment of the Line Perche (Nr 30), Campaigns
In 1797, the Regiment was part of the Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse. In 1798, as part of the Army of Germany and the Army of Mayence (Mainz), the Regiment saw action in the Rhineland. In 1799, as part of the Army of Mayence, it was transferred to the Army of the Danube, under the general command of Jean-Baptiste Jourdan; the Regiment was part of the I Division, under the immediate command of Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino, and participated in action at the Battle of Ostrach (20–21 March 1799), and the Battle of Stockach, 25–26 March 25–26, 1799. On 25 September 1799, the regiment fought at the Battle of Zurich.


102nd Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 102nd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. The regiment was at one stage attached to the 128th Infantry Brigade, of the 114th Division, in the Tenth Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regiment was later attached to the Eastern District Army on 7 September 1940, then the Kwantung Army on 1 August 1941, then assigned to the Twenty-Third Army on 19 September 1941 and the Eighteenth Army in November 1942. The regiment participated during the Second Sino-Japanese War and during the later stages of World War II, the regiment was in New Guinea, taking part in the New Guinea campaign.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 102nd Infantry Regiment currently consists of one battalion in the Connecticut National Guard. Regimental designation is used only in historical tradition. It is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots. There is no regimental commander, staff or headquarters. The 1st Battalion, 102nd Regiment is headquartered in New Haven, Connecticut. Its mascot is Sergeant Stubby.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
In August 1917, the Regiment was organized with 3,755 Officers and enlisted men:


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
The 102nd was stationed at the Neufchateau, Vosges Training Area during the fall and winter of 1917 with the 26th Division also known as the Yankee Division which included the 101st, 103rd and 104th infantry regiments.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
They were then deployed in March 1918 to the Chemin des Dames area where the men had their first experience with defensive and offensiveoperations and with poison gas.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
Next they were deployed in April 1918 to the Toul Sector in the American sector near the Beaumont Zone. They fought at Seicheprey.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
Next the 102nd was deployed in July 1918 to the Chateau Thierry area and were involved in the battles of the Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marneand the Second Battle of the Marne (15 July – 6 August). They fought at Trugny, Épieds, and the La Fere Forest.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
Next the 102nd was deployed to Saint-Mihiel fighting at the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, then the Troyon Sector and finally at Verdun.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War I
After completing its war service in France with the 26th Division, the Regiment arrived at the port of Boston on 7 April 1919 on the U.S.S. Agamemnon and demobilized at Camp Devens, Massachusetts on 29 April 1919.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, Between the Wars
Reconstituted in the National Guard in 1921 as the 170th Infantry, assigned to the 43d Infantry Division, and allotted to the state of Connecticut. Reorganized 20 October 1922 by withdrawal of the 2d Infantry Regiment, Connecticut National Guard, from the 169th Infantry Regiment (organized 23 May 1921 by consolidation and redesignation of the 1st and 2d Infantry Regiments as the Connecticut Regiment of Infantry; redesignated 169th Inf. on 7 October 1921) and redesignation of the 2d Infantry as the 170th Infantry. Regimental Headquarters organized 8 June 1923 and federally recognized at New Haven, Connecticut.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, Between the Wars
The 170th Infantry was redesignated as the 102d Infantry on 28 February 1924. The regiment, or elements thereof, were called up to perform the following state duties: riot control at the textile workers strike at Putnam, in September 1934; flood relief at Hartford from 19 March – 1 April 1936; hurricane relief in the vicinity of Rockville from 22–27 September 1938. The Regiment conducted annual summer training most years at Niantic between 1921–38. Inducted into active Federal service at New Haven on 24 February 1941 and moved to Camp Blanding, Florida, where it arrived 15 March 1941.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War II
When the United States reorganised their divisions from the four regiment square division to the three regiment triangular division. The 102nd was detached from the 43rd Division and sent to New Zealand in January 1942. The regiment garrisoned Christmas Island and Canton Island


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, World War II
In July 1943, the Regiment was organized with 3,256 Officers and enlisted men:


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, Post War Service
The 1948 organization of the Regiment TOE 29-7T called for a strength of 3,774 Officers and enlisted men organized as below:


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, Global War on Terrorism
In 2006, the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain) was reorganized from a "heavy" brigade to a specialized light infantry formation. The 1–102nd Infantry was added as the brigade slowly formed from 2006, transitioning to the 42d Infantry Division.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, Global War on Terrorism
The 86th IBCT mobilized in December 2009 at Camp Atterbury, Indiana and completed a Joint Readiness Training Center rotation at Fort Polk prior to deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. The brigade returned home in December 2010 after being replaced by 2nd IBCT, 34th ID.


102nd Infantry Regiment (United States), Service history, Current Assignment
As part of the 2020 Army Force Structure Realignment, the 86th IBCT – which includes the 1-102d IN – was moved in 2016 from the 42d ID to the 10th Mountain division.


102nd Intelligence Wing
The United States Air Force's 102nd Intelligence Wing (102 IW), of the Massachusetts Air National Guard, is a military intelligence unit located at Otis Air National Guard Base, Massachusetts. Its primary subordinate operational unit is the 101st Intelligence Squadron. According to the Air Force, the history of the 102nd begins with the 318th Fighter Group, which was active during World War II. After the war, the 318th was inactivated, and eventually the 102nd Fighter Wing was formed, which had a direct lineage link.


102nd Intelligence Wing
In 1946, the 102nd was activated at Logan International Airport where it stayed until 1968, when it moved to Otis Air Force Base. Beginning in 1946, the wing began regular patrols of the Northeastern United States which took place in conjunction with Air Force active duty units. In 1968, the 102nd was moved to Otis, where it continued its regular patrols until 1973.


102nd Intelligence Wing
During the time that the wing had a flying mission, the wing deployed to many locations around the globe to assist in missions for the Air Force. In 1961, the wing deployed to France during the Berlin Crisis. Twenty eight years later, the wing deployed to Panama during Operation Coronet Nighthawk. It also participated in Operation Northern Watch, helping to patrol the No-Fly Zone north of the 36th parallel in Iraq. During the 11 September attacks, the 102nd Fighter Wing deployed the first Air Force aircraft toward New York City, but they arrived too late to stop the attacks.


102nd Intelligence Wing
Over the years, the wing has controlled many other Air National Guard units. Following the inactivation of the 67th Fighter Wing in November 1950, the wing was put in charge of a few fighter units on the Atlantic Coast. In 1976, the wing even became responsible for the 147th Fighter Interceptor Group, located in Texas.


102nd Intelligence Wing
Military downsizing through the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process removed the wing's F-15C Eagles beginning in 2007, leaving the 102nd with an intelligence gathering mission. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency, and is one of three Air National Guard wings under this agency. As commonwealth militia units, the units in the 102nd Intelligence Wing are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts National Guard unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.


102nd Intelligence Wing, Mission
According to their home page, the 102nd's mission is "to provide world wide precision intelligence and command and control, along with trained and experienced airmen for expeditionary combat support and homeland security." In addition, the website says that their Air Force based mission is in line with the ability of joint force commanders to keep pace with information and incorporate it into a campaign plan. In addition to its strictly military role, the wing shares the overall Air National Guard mission of providing assistance during national emergencies such as natural disasters and civil disturbances.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History
The 102nd Intelligence Wing traces its roots to the 318th Fighter Group which was formed in 1942. It fought in the Pacific as part of bomber escort missions to Japan, and participated in aircraft carrier operations, rarely experienced by the Army Air Force. The 318th returned to the United States after the war, was inactivated on 12 January 1946.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History
The wartime 318th Fighter Group was re-designated as the 102nd Fighter Group, and was allotted to the Massachusetts Air National Guard on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Logan Airport, Boston, and was extended federal recognition on 22 October 1946 by the National Guard Bureau. The 102nd Fighter Group was bestowed the lineage, history, honors, and colors of the 318th Fighter Group.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History
From October 1946 the 102nd (previously the 67th Fighter Wing) was commanded by General Louis E. Boutwell until his death in July 1947. From July 1947 until 1956 the 102nd was commanded by Brigadier General Lyle E. Halstead.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War
In 1946-47 the National Guard Bureau began a major expansion of its air units. Massachusetts was allotted the 67th Fighter Wing, which consisted of the 101st Fighter Squadron, the 131st Fighter Squadron, the 132nd Fighter Squadron, the 202nd Air Service Group, 601st Signal Construction Company, 101st Communications Squadron, 101st Air Control Squadron, 151st Air Control and Warning Group, 567th Air Force Band, 101st Weather Flight and the 1801st Aviation Engineer Company. The 67th Wing was assigned to Air Defense Command.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War
Guard units were generally neglected when the United States Air Force was created. Despite the introduction of jet fighters, the Guard units were left with generally overused World War II propeller aircraft, and had few funds for training. As the Cold War intensified, the Air Force looked to the Guard to fill United States-based interception missions and started overhauling their organization. Although the Massachusetts Air National Guard wasn't federalized for the Korean War, many airmen volunteered for active duty and flew in Korea. On 1 November 1950, the 67th Fighter Wing was inactivated and replaced by the 102nd


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War
Fighter Wing, including just the 101st and 131st squadrons and their associated support units, and at some point before 1961 the wing was renamed a Tactical Fighter Wing. Additionally, the wing kept the 567th, and the 1801st. The squadrons were issued F-84B Thunderjets, but these were recalled and replaced by F-51 Mustangs which were flown until 1954 when the F-94 Starfire replaced the Mustangs. In 1952 the 253rd Combat Communications Group was activated and added to the 102nd. In 1958 the Wing converted to the F-86H Sabre.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War
From 1956 to 1976, the 102nd was commanded by Brigadier General Charles W. Sweeney, pilot of the B-29 Superfortress Bockscar that dropped the Fat Man nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. During his tenure, the wing developed from a rather new unit to the mainstay of air defense in the Northeastern United States.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Berlin Wall Crisis
On 16 August 1961, when the Berlin Wall crisis was unfolding, several United States Air Force Reserve units were notified of their pending recall to active duty. On 1 October the wing and its three squadrons, the 101st, 131st and 138th were placed on active duty at Otis Air Force Base.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Berlin Wall Crisis
In late October, the 102nd departed Logan for Phalsbourg-Bourscheid Air Base, Phalsbourg, France. The wing had 82 Sabres, plus two C-47 Skytrains and six T-33 Shooting Stars for support and training purposes. During the crisis, the wing controlled the 102nd Tactical Fighter Group, the 104th Tactical Fighter Group, and the 174th Tactical Fighter Group from New York. The 102nd's primary mission was to provide close air support to NATO ground forces, including the Seventh Army, and air interdiction. During the blockade, the 102nd did not incur any losses. Starting on 5 December 1961 the 102nd began deploying to Wheelus Air Base, Libya for gunnery training.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Berlin Wall Crisis
During its time in Europe, the 102nd participated in several United States Air Force and North Atlantic Treaty Organization exercises, including a deployment to Leck Air Base, West Germany near the Danish border. At Leck, ground and support crews from both countries exchanged duties, learning how to perform aircraft maintenance and operational support tasks.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Berlin Wall Crisis
The 102nd returned to the United States in August 1962. Regular Air Force personnel and a group of Air National Guard personnel who volunteered to remain on active duty formed the 480th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the newly activated 366th Tactical Fighter Wing.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Relocation to Otis
In 1968, the 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing moved to Otis Air Force Base, and was reassigned from the Air Defense Command to the Tactical Air Command the next year. The wing flew the F-84F Thunderstreak from 1964 until June 1971, when a squadron of F-100D Super Sabres was transferred directly from units fighting the Vietnam War. These were superseded soon after by the Mach 2 F-106 Delta Darts and on 10 June 1972, the unit became the 102nd Air Defense Wing. On 30 December 1973, Otis Air Force Base was inactivated and transferred to the Massachusetts Air National Guard as Otis Air National Guard Base.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Relocation to Otis
The wing intercepted Soviet Tupolev Tu-95 Bear bombers on many occasions, the first of which occurred off Long Island on 25 April 1975. Many of these incidents involved escorting the Bears to Cuba. The wing occasionally shadowed drug smuggling aircraft, and on one occasion was scrambled to escort an unidentified object, which later turned out to be a weather balloon.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Relocation to Otis
In 1976, the 102nd Fighter Interceptor Group was inactivated and reformed as the 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing. It assumed authority for the 177th Fighter Interceptor Group at Atlantic City Air National Guard Base and the 125th Fighter Interceptor Group at Jacksonville Air National Guard Base. Both units flew the F-106. It also assumed command of the 107th Fighter Interceptor Group at Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station and the 147th Fighter Interceptor Group at Ellington Field, Texas. The latter two flew the F-4C Phantom.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Relocation to Otis
The 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing lost its F-106s on 5 January 1988. Between January and April 1988, the wing converted to the F-15A Eagle, which it received from the 5th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron which was inactivating at Minot Air Force Base. It then resumed its alert commitment at Otis, and also established a new Detachment 1 at Loring Air Force Base, taking over for the inactivating 5th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron. The 102nd was the first Air National Guard unit to be equipped with the F-15.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Cold War, Relocation to Otis
On 24 January 1989, airmen monitoring the radar at the Northeast Air Defense Sector at Griffiss Air Force Base spotted a plane which was not following any known flight plan. The order was then given to "scramble the Eagles," after repeated attempts to contact the pilot failed. Two jets then took off from Loring to search for the "unknown rider." The pilots later came across a plane that was blacked out, with no lights on inside or outside. The pilot was a narcotics smuggler from Colombia's Medellin drug cartel. He was carrying had a street value of two hundred million dollars in the amount of 500 kilograms of cocaine.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Post-Cold War, Local defense
The wing continued its air defense mission after the fall of the Soviet Union. In 1992, the wing deployed eight pilots, five F-15 Eagles, and 48 maintenance and security personnel, for five days training at Canadian Forces Base Goose Bay, Labrador, Canada. The same year, with the reorganization of the Air Force, the wing was reassigned from the disbanding Tactical Air Command to the newly formed Air Combat Command. In July 1993, the wing deployed 50 personnel from the 102nd Civil Engineering Squadron under field conditions, to the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas. They helped rebuild schools and municipal facilities damaged by Hurricane Andrew.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Post-Cold War, Local defense
On 11 February 1993, jets were scrambled to intercept the hijacked Lufthansa Flight 592, which eventually landed at John F. Kennedy International Airport without incident. The planes were joined by F-16s from the 177th Fighter Wing in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The F-15s initially intercepted the aircraft off the coast of eastern Canada. The planes then began to trail the jet at a distance of 10-mile (16 km). As they approached the airport, the distance decreased to 5-mile (8.0 km). The fighters then did a low fly-by as the plane landed. They continued to circle around the airport until they returned to Otis.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Post-Cold War, Local defense
In 1994, the 102nd received more F-15A/B Eagles from the 32nd Fighter Group at Soesterberg Air Base, which was inactivating as part of the post Cold War draw down of forces in Europe.


102nd Intelligence Wing, History, Post-Cold War, Deployments
Between 1991 and 1995, the 102nd deployed to Panama as part of Operation Coronet Nighthawk, which was a drug interdiction operation. In 1992 the wing became simply the 102nd Fighter Wing as part of an Air Force-wide renaming of units. The wing was deployed from 1995 to 1998 to Iceland for periodic 45-day deployments. In 1998, the wing's members also trained and deployed to Iceland, Canada, Korea, and Europe. The next year, the 102nd participated in Operation Northern Watch and was deployed to Turkey in order to enforce the no-fly zone over Iraq north of the 36th Parallel. In 2000, personnel were deployed to the Middle East and Europe in order to participate in Operation Southern Watch.