102nd United States Colored Infantry Regiment, History
The infantry was assigned to the fort at Port Royal where they served as the second line of defense. In Baldwin, Florida, 21 miles away from Jacksonville, the unit was attacked suddenly by a Confederate cavalry force. The soldiers easily defeated the Confederates, which proved to their officers that they were just as skilled and reliable as any other infantry. In Manchester the regiment and the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry succeeded in an attack on the flank of Confederate forces, putting them in disorder. Then the regiment was attacked by 200 Confederates and caused many casualties to the enemy. The Confederates came to a truce to be informed that Generals Robert E. Lee and Joseph E. Johnston had surrendered; the war was over.


102nd United States Colored Infantry Regiment, History
This was the regiment's last battle; they served occupation duty until they were called together and were mustered out of service on September 30, 1865. The regiment returned to Detroit where they were disbanded on October 17, 1865.


102nd United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Strength and casualties
The total enrollment in the 102nd Regiment was 1,446; 6 people were killed in action, 5 people died of wounds, and 129 people died of disease.


102nd United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Notable members
1st Lieutenant, 102nd US Colored Infantryb. 1842 d. 1914, from Michigan"CitationHazardous service in marching through the enemy's country to bring relief to his command"


102nd United States Congress
The 102nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1991, to January 3, 1993, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President George H. W. Bush.


102nd United States Congress
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States Census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority.


102nd United States Congress, Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.


102nd United States Congress, Members, Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1992; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1994; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1996.


102nd United States Congress, Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.


102nd Virginia General Assembly
The 106th Virginia General Assembly was the meeting of the legislative branch of the Virginia state government from 1901 to 1904, after the 1901 state elections. It convened in Richmond for four sessions.


102nd meridian east
The meridian 102° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


102nd meridian east
The 102nd meridian east forms a great circle with the 78th meridian west.


102nd meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 102nd meridian east passes through:


102nd meridian west
The meridian 102° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


102nd meridian west
The 102nd meridian west forms a great circle with the 78th meridian east.


102nd meridian west
In Canada, part of the border between the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is defined by the meridian, and part of the border between Saskatchewan and Manitoba runs about 400m west of the meridian. At the 60th parallel north, these borders form a (possible) quadripoint at the four corners of these provinces and territories. 102°W is the Second Meridian of Canada's Dominion Land Survey.


102nd meridian west
In the United States, the meridian formed the eastern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson. The eastern border of Colorado with Nebraska and Kansas lies on the 25th meridian west from Washington, which lies a couple of miles west of the 102nd meridian west.


102nd meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 102nd meridian west passes through:


103 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Field Squadron
The 72nd (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Engineer Regiment was a territorial regiment of the Royal Engineers, British Army, for three periods between 1967 and 2014. The regiment was later reduced to squadron size and renamed as 103 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Field Squadron within the 21st Engineer Regiment.


103 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Field Squadron, History, 72nd Engineer Regiment
The 72nd Engineer Regiment was formed when the Territorial Army was re-organised in the 1960s. It was created from the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division's engineer regiment and some other separate squadrons. Its first and only headquarters were at Gateshead. From 1967 - 1992 it was assigned to the 29th Engineer Brigade. Both 103 and 188 Squadrons were assigned to the "Harrier Support Group" from 1972 - 1982. In 1999 the regiment was disbanded but one squadron remained 72 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Air Support Field Squadron which was a reserve air support squadron within the 71st Engineer Regiment. In 2006 the regiment was reformed and 72 Squadron became the new headquarters squadron. Under Army 2020 the regiment will disband but the squadrons will be reassigned to other regiments.


103 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Field Squadron, History, 72 and 103 (TEE) Field Squadron
Under the Army 2020 refine, 72 Engineer Regiment was disbanded with most of its units being re-designated and moving to other regiments. Part of the changes was the renaming of 72 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Air Support Field Squadron to become 103 (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Field Squadron. Another change, was the moving under control of 21st Engineer Regiment. Following this change, the squadron is now the reserve squadron of the regiment, supporting the 1st Strike Brigade. The squadron currently maintains 2 Troop in Sunderland, while the rest of the squadron is based in Heaton. Following the Field Army changed on 1 August 2019, the squadron was moved from the 21st Engineer Regiment to 71st Engineer Regiment (V) headquartered at Leuchars Station.


103 (number)
103 (one hundred [and] three) is the natural number following 102 and preceding 104.


103 (number), In mathematics
103 is the 27th prime number. The previous prime is 101, making them both twin primes. It is also a happy number.


103 (number), In mathematics
103 is the smallest prime number in which the period length of its reciprocal is exactly 1/3 of the maximum length.


103 (number), In other fields
When "and" is required for the number name, 103 is the smallest number requiring 18 letters when spelled out in English.


103 Aquarii
103 Aquarii is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 103 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation A1 Aquarii. It is faint but visible to the naked eye as an orange hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.34. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.69 mas, the distance to this star is around 700 light-years (210 parsecs). It is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +25 km/s.


103 Aquarii
This is classified as an K-type giant star, having evolved off the main sequence after exhausting the hydrogen at its core and expanded to 64 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 848 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,910 K.


103 BC
Year 103 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marius and Orestes (or, less frequently, year 651 Ab urbe condita) and the Second Year of Taichu. The denomination 103 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


103 Colmore Row
103 Colmore Row is a 26-storey commercial office building located on Colmore Row, Birmingham, England. Completed in 2021, this building replaced the former NatWest Tower designed by John Madin and completed in 1975. In 2008, a plan by then owners British Land to demolish Natwest Tower and replace it with a taller modern equivalent was approved. This plan never progressed and in 2015 the building passed to the developer Sterling Property Ventures, who successfully applied to have the building demolished. Construction of the new tower began in June 2019 and completed in 2021.


103 Colmore Row
103 Colmore Row is the tallest office building in the United Kingdom outside London to be constructed since the completion of Alpha Tower, also in Birmingham, in 1973.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
The original building was a 23-storey structure with entrances on Colmore Row and Newhall Street. Designed by John Madin, it is of the Brutalist style, contrasting the traditional Victorian architectural styles in the immediate area. Although, the pre-cast concrete panels on the exterior, which were common on commercial buildings of the time, rather than in-situ concrete did make the building differ from classic Brutalism.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
Designs for the building were first publicised in 1964 and it was remarked that it had drawn inspiration from the University of Pittsburgh by Louis Kahn. The designs showed a two-storey banking hall with a rectangular tower with horizontal ribbon windows. It also showed a service tower facing on to Newhall Street. This design differed significantly to the one that was approved by Birmingham City Council. The scheme also included a five-storey office block to the west of the site that was separated from it by an L-shaped courtyard.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
This office block was later reclad and increased to eight storeys in 1996-7 so that it reads as a separate building. The entire scheme was named the "Colmore Centre". The first phase of the scheme, which consisted of the construction of the banking hall, was completed in 1969. Construction of the tower began in 1973 and was completed three years later at a total cost of £3.5 million.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
The building was constructed so that it was not solely occupied by the National Westminster Bank, but could also be let to tenants so that the bank could maximise the profitability of the site. However, the building proved difficult to let and was never fully occupied; the only major corporation to take office space in the tower was Eversheds. The building has been vacant since 2003.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
There were numerous interesting features, including the original aluminium-cast banking hall doors, created and made by Henry Haig (1930 – 6 December 2007), who was an English abstract artist, painter and sculptor but notable predominantly for his stained glass work, which consisted of an abstract triangle design based on the NatWest logo and were painted to resemble bronze. The banking hall itself had a coffered ceiling of plasterboard covered in gold leaf and Travertine marble floors and skirtings. The exterior was covered in abstract plaster murals and bronze matt ceramic tiles.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
The lift shaft and two ventilation towers were constructed using brick. The structure was constructed of precast concrete with waffle concrete floor slabs. There were four plant floors at the top of the tower and 100 car park spaces in a basement car park that became disused upon the discovery of asbestos. The office block was accessed via a stainless steel surround doorway on Newhall Street, where the land began to drop, exposing the ventilation grills for the basement. The entrance here appeared to be of a later date to the rest of the building.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
The office block had a service core at the centre of each floor, consisting of a large service duct, lavatories, four lift shafts and staircase. The lifts had stainless steel doors and the lift lobby had Travertine panelling on the walls. There was a kitchen on the twentieth floor which retained its original green panels and equipment, such as the dumbwaiter. The NatWest logo was originally attached to the west side of the building, although it was later removed leaving only the bracketing.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
It is believed that considerable efforts were made to reduce the cost of the tower's construction, which took place during a time when rising oil prices ended the development boom of the 1960s making an increasingly hostile economic climate. Examples of cost-cutting measures employed during the construction of the building include the use of plasterboard to mimic concrete on the banking hall's ceiling and the use of an alternative metal to bronze for the banking hall doors.


103 Colmore Row, Original building
The building formed a prominent point on the Birmingham skyline until its demolition. It was also one of the most modern buildings and the tallest structure in the Colmore Row and Environs Conservation Area, and became a frequent perching point for the city centre's peregrine falcons. Architectural critic Andy Foster described the building as being "the most important Brutalist commercial building in the city, disastrous in context but with its own tremendous integrity."


103 Colmore Row, Approved replacement
In December 2006 British Land acquired the freehold of the tower from Omega Land for £25 million. A planning application was submitted in April 2008 for demolition of the existing tower and replacement with a 35-storey office building with ground floor retail. The proposed building would be 134.5 m to roof level and 159.5 m to the top of a light mast on the side of the tower. Designed by Hamilton Architects the projected cost was £160 million.


103 Colmore Row, Approved replacement
The proposal initially received the backing of the Birmingham Civic Society who said that they were 90% happy with the design, however the organisation reversed their decision. The project also met objections from the Twentieth Century Society and the Victorian Society who commented that they were "extremely disappointed" with the proposal. After the public consultation, unsuccessful efforts were made to grant the building listed status from English Heritage. It was concluded that the building had good qualities of massing but lacked the high degree of sophisticated architectural detailing that would be expected of a building from this period.


103 Colmore Row, Approved replacement
They also said that modifications made to the building in the 1990s had considerably compromised the building's architecture and that the interior lacked coherence, although they did comment that the interior of the banking hall did contain many interesting original features. The building received a Certificate of Immunity from Listing in October 2008 which would last until October 2013.


103 Colmore Row, Approved replacement
The proposal received planning permission from Birmingham City Council in September 2008. It was closely contested with six councillors voting against the scheme and seven voting for it. Due to the effects of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, British Land could not progress the approved scheme, planning permission expired in 2011 and the building was sold in 2014.


103 Colmore Row, New ownership
On 29 September 2014 the building received another Certificate of Immunity from Listing to be effective until 28 September 2019. In its report, English Heritage stated: "while the component parts of the building are well grouped and form an effective addition to the streetscape of this part of central Birmingham and to the skyline, the building has however been considerably altered and no longer forms the cogent grouping which was initially created.


103 Colmore Row, New ownership
The remaining parts of the building do not have the detailed finish or overall architectural quality which would be expected of a structure of this date which was recommended for designation. The repetition of the pre-cast panels across the building creates an impression of regimentation and the turning of the corners is poorly handled. This is particularly apparent on the bank building, where the external treatment of the third floor is ungainly and the edges of the canted corners appear unduly clumsy and unresolved.


103 Colmore Row, New ownership
And while the interior of the banking hall is of interest, it is not matched by the interiors elsewhere, which lack coherence and aesthetic quality." In November 2014 owners British Land sold the building to Sterling Property Ventures and Rockspring as development partners. The purchase price was not disclosed however it is thought to be in the region of £15 million.


103 Colmore Row, New ownership
In June 2015 a planning application was submitted to demolish the existing tower and replace with a new 26 storey tower. The proposed £60 million steel, aluminium and glazed building, designed by Doone Silver Architects, will provide a net floor area of 19,600 m2 (211,000 sq ft). The building will be the tallest office building in Birmingham at 108 metres. It will comprise 18,200 m2 (196,000 sq ft) of office space over 19 floors, with floor plates up to 1,070 m2 (11,500 sq ft), and a terrace on the 18th level. A restaurant and retail will be provided at street level and a double height 800 m2 (8,600 sq ft) restaurant will be located at the top of the building. In all, the proposals outline 1,400 m2 (15,000 sq ft) of leisure space.


103 Colmore Row, New ownership
The existing cast aluminium Natwest banking hall doors created and made by Henry Haig, will be incorporated into the new building in a prominent publicly accessible space at the request of the Haig family.


103 Colmore Row, Demolition and construction
Initial scaffolding for demolition began to be erected in July 2015 and a tower crane was installed on 20 September 2015. Demolition took place between September 2015 and January 2017. In February 2018 it was announced that Royal BAM Group had won an £80 million contract to build the new tower. Work started in June 2019, with a completion date of 2021.


103 George Street, The Rocks
103 George Street, The Rocks is a heritage-listed retail building and residence located 103 George Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built during 1856. It is also known as Joe Bananas (current) and Ariel Bookshop (former). The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.


103 George Street, The Rocks
As of 2018 the ground-floor tenant was Joe Bananas, an Australian fashion label.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
The first building - with its associated garden - to be constructed on the western side of the cove in the vicinity of the present 103 George Street site was the hospital. Although the hospital was originally situated just north of the future Argyle St, it was moved within a year to an area just south of where Argyle Street would develop. The site, now referred to as 103 George Street, occupies part of that land occupied by the original military hospital.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
These early medical facilities were replaced in 1790 by a portable hospital which was brought out to the colony with the Second Fleet. On the corner of George and Argyle St, stood a building that was occupied by the Assistant Surgeon until 1814 and later, from 1814 until 1836, by Francis Greenway.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
"Like so many other aspects of his life, Francis Greenway's occupancy of this house was contentious. Greenway claimed that the land had been given to him by Governor Macquarie, but no real proof could be found in government records. A document produced by Greenway may have been a forgery. He had been tempted to such a crime once before when hard pressed in his business affairs. This led to his transportation. Greenway was evicted, but was then allowed to stay on in the building, to become more and more of an embarrassment to government. Eventually he left to join his family in the Hunter Valley, where he died."


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
The subject site was adjacent to the residence and site to which Francis Greenway laid claim. On the site now known as 103 George St, there appears, at that time to be three structures. By the time the site was subdivided by Elizabeth Broughton (1841), only one of the buildings remained, or at least only one was shown on the subdivision plan. Elizabeth (or Eliza), or her husband William Broughton, had, prior to the official register of the grant, built a shop there between 1831 and 1832, this shop was called McHealy's China Shop. Broughton's claim to the land is noted on Robert Russell's survey map of 1834 and Elizabeth Charlotte Broughton was legally confirmed as owner of the site on 30 April 1840, by Town Grant 235.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
John Richards, a draper in the Town of Sydney, purchased the property in November 1842. Maurice Reynolds (aka Morris) is recorded as the owner between 1849 and 1852. The 1851 Municipal Rate Books for Gipps ward indicated that the one-storey timber building was being used as a smiths shop. Richards sold the property to James O'Neill, who erected the three-storey structure between 1855 and 1856.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
In 1871, Thomas Playfair was using the new premises at 103 George St, constructed c. 1856, as a butcher's shop. He became the legal owner in 1882. On his death in 1893, the property passed to Thomas' son, Edmund Playfair. Edmund remained the property's owner until 1902, when it was resumed by the Government of New South Wales.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
Thomas Playfair joined the British Royal Navy at the age of 12 in 1845, and served on a number of ships including Hecla, Tyne, Rattler, Hecate, Asia, Swift, Brisk, and Pelorus, on which ship he travelled to Melbourne as Wardroom Steward, arriving on 30 September 1859. Here he was voluntarily discharged, and almost immediately made his way to Sydney, arriving there on SS London on 7 October 1859.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
In 1860, Thomas formed a partnership with Edmund John Bailey, a carcass butcher, trading as Bailey and Co. In the same year, he married Ellen Matheson, a younger sister of Bailey's wife Margaret. In 1860, the partnership purchased the Shipping Butcher business from George Read at 107 George Street, Sydney and traded as Bailey and Playfair. After Bailey's death in 1862, it appears that his wife Margaret sold his interests in this business and the shops at South Head Road and Crown Street to Thomas Playfair. After the death of Ellen Matheson, Thomas married her half sister, Georgina, in 1867.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
The property was originally leased to Thomas, but at sometime prior to 1882, he purchased it and the business remained there until the early 1900s except for a period from c. 1879, when he leased it to other interests while he rented 101 George Street, across the Suez Canal, to carry on his business until he returned to 103 in 1885.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
The names Bailey and Playfair continued to be linked in the business until c. 1885. Thomas must have had great respect for Bailey, as he named his second son Edmund John Bailey Playfair.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
In 1875, Thomas was elected as an Alderman for the Sydney City Council for Gipps Ward, one of the eight wards into which Sydney was divided at the time, and which included the George Street North and The Rocks area. He served continuously for 18 years until his death in 1893. He was elected Mayor of Sydney in 1885. Thomas Playfair was also responsible for the establishment of the Homebush saleyards.


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
After Playfair's death in 1893, his son, Edmund, continued to run the family business at least until 1907. Following this period, there was a succession of tenants using the building for a variety of retail purposes until the occupation by F. R. Edwards. Records found on the premises indicated that the Edwards family had been long term tenants, manufacturing and selling shoes and clothing. Their business was called "Edwards Bespoke Shoemakers, Late of London" at the time of establishment in 1938. The name was changed during the 1950s to "Edwards Outfitters", then, during the 1970s to "Edwards Suit, Shoe and Trouser Cave", and finally, to "Edwards Rocks Rig".


103 George Street, The Rocks, History
As of 2005 the tenants were Ariel Bookshop (103 George Street, and first and second levels, rear building on Harrington Street); Australian World Trading Pty Ltd., on Levels 1 and 2 above 103 George Street, and Sydney Cove Jewellery on the Ground Floor Level of the rear building fronting Harrington Street. As of 2018 the ground-floor tenant was Joe Bananas, an Australian fashion label.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Description
No 103 George Street is a fine three storey building in the Victorian Regency style. Its proportions are pleasing with a formal symmetry in line with that of the Victorian Regency architecture in Britain which was transported to Australia and adapted by the early European settlers. It was built in 1856 of stuccoed brick with articulated quoins and finely detailed stone architraves and cornices to first and second floors. The window openings are larger than those provided in facades of similar contemporary buildings, e.g. 105 George Street. The use of decoratively moulded string courses with supporting scrolled brackets adds a touch of lightness and relief to the façade. The distinctive embellished parapet top to the front of the building is a detail that has become relatively rare. The shopfront is not original.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Description
Style: Victorian Regency; Storeys: 3; Facade: Stone facade and boundary walls; Side Rear Walls: Rendered brickwork; Roof Cladding: Corrugated Iron; Floor Frame: Concrete.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Description, Condition
As at 27 April 2001, Archaeology Assessment Condition: Partly disturbed. Assessment Basis: Floors level with George Street, and terraced up to level of Nurses Walk.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
As at 26 June 2002, the Ariel Bookshop and residence and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building(s) are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State heritage significance in its own right.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The building known as 103 George Street, The Rocks, is of cultural significance due to early associations with the first Hospital site, the early development of The Rocks precinct, the carrying out of mercantile-related businesses in the area, with cultural diversity of the various owners and tenants, and its association with a leading personality of the late 19th Century, Thomas Playfair.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The site is also significant for its close physical proximity to the home of Francis Greenway, who, for some 20 years, lived at, or near, the corner of Argyle and George Streets in the former Assistant Surgeon's residence. The site, and the historical records associated with it, provides evidence of the evolution of the Colony's system of land title registration, of the development of architectural style, and the evolution of building techniques in Sydney from the middle to the late 19th Century.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
It retains significant parts of its original fabric and contributes texture and form to the unique townscape of The Rocks. It provides evidence of the changing demands and expectations of the community by adaptation of the building(s) to accommodate various commercial and residential uses. It has the ability to continue as a reference to the past for both present and future generations as it can continue to used sympathetically, possibly almost identically, to its initial form of use. The structure is substantially intact and has a high archaeological potential to reveal evidence about former inhabitants of the site.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
Shop and Residence - Ariel Bookshop was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The building's historical significance derives from its development from the early commercial era of this city, its continual use as a retail and residential premises. The site is historically significant as a site continuously occupied by Europeans since 1788, with the First Fleet, as the site of the house of the Assistant Surgeon from c1788 and with the first colonial architect, Francis Greenway, who lived in a house on the site between 1815 and c. 1834.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
Thomas Playfair, and his family, are strongly associated with the site through his meat processing, export and butchering business. Playfair was also a Member of the NSW Legislative Assembly and Mayor of Sydney. The site itself has strong associations with Francis Greenway, who lived close by, at the corner of Argyle and George Streets, from 1814 to 1835.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The building represents a commercial building typical of its type in this context. Its proportions are pleasing with a formal symmetry typical of the Victorian Regency architecture in Britain which was transported to this country and adapted by the early European settlers. The building is centrally located within the George (High) Street precinct and contributes to the heritage and townscape significance. 103 George Street and the surrounding buildings were the earliest commercial development on The Rocks area and established the urban/commercial streetscape of George Street.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The building's social significance derives from its links with and support function associated with the development of the society in which it has sat for 150 years. Built as a store in what would have been the most important merchandising precinct in the country, its relevance grew as its use evolved to not only link its function to serve customers in general, but to more closely relate to the important servicing of the shipping industry which had developed into an essential part of the social and commercial life of the city. Its almost continuous use as a residence, as an adjunct to its retail function, derives from the early social pattern and is one of the few buildings in the area that has retained this commercial/residential tradition to the present day.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The building's scientific significance derives from the ability of its fabric to demonstrate methods of building construction contemporary with the times and the efficacy of these methods and materials to withstand a long period of wear due to usage, weathering and attack by pathological agents - mainly, in this case, termites. The builders of this period were undoubtedly schooled in Britain and skilled in methods appropriate to conditions and materials found in their homeland. The site and building have the ability to reveal evidence of pre-European culture, of its use as a garden site associated with the hospital, and of earlier construction.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
In its almost continuous use as a residence, as an adjunct to its retail function, the site is a rare example of the early social patterning. It is one of the few buildings in the area that has retained this commercial / residential tradition to the present day.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.


103 George Street, The Rocks, Heritage listing
The buildings on the site are representative of what was at the time, the most important merchandising precinct in the country. The shop premises, and the relevance of the place, grew as its use evolved to not only link its function to serve customers in general, but to more closely relate to the servicing of the shipping industry which had developed into an essential part of the social and commercial life of the city.


103 George Street, The Rocks, References, Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on , entry number 1587 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under  , accessed on 14 October 2018.


103 Hera
Hera (minor planet designation: 103 Hera) is a moderately large main-belt asteroid with an orbital period of 4.44 years. It was discovered by Canadian-American astronomer James Craig Watson on September 7, 1868, and named after Hera, queen and fifth in power of the Olympian gods in Greek mythology. This is a stony S-type asteroid with a silicate surface composition.


103 Hera
Photometric observations made in 2010 at the Organ Mesa Observatory at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and the Hunters Hill Observatory at Ngunnawal, Australian Capital Territory, give a synodic rotation period of 23.740±0.001 h. The bimodal light curve shows a maximum brightness variation of 0.45 ± 0.03 in magnitude.


103 Hera
Measurements made with the IRAS observatory give a diameter of 91.58±4.14 km and a geometric albedo of 0.19±0.02. By comparison, the MIPS photometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope gives a diameter of 88.30±8.51 km and a geometric albedo of 0.20±0.04. When the asteroid was observed occulting a star, the chords showed a diameter of 89.1±1.1 km.


103 Mile Lake
103 Mile Lake is a small lake located near the town of 100 Mile House, in the Cariboo District, in British Columbia, Canada.


103 Mile Lake, Name
Like the town, the lake is named for its distance from Lillooet along the Old Cariboo Road.


103 Search and Rescue Squadron
103  Search and Rescue Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force is a search and rescue unit based at 9 Wing Gander on the Canadian island of Newfoundland. The squadron is responsible for a large area covering the offshore waters of Canada's Exclusive Economic Zone in the Atlantic ocean and inland areas in the Maritimes, Newfoundland and Labrador, and some parts of Eastern Quebec. The squadron operates three AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant helicopters.


103 Search and Rescue Squadron, History
The unit was stood up on April 1, 1947, at RCAF Station Dartmouth as the 103 Search and Rescue Flight, a section of 101KU. Later that year, the unit moved to RCAF Station Greenwood. In 1950, the unit was renamed 103 Rescue Unit and moved to RCAF Station Summerside, where it remained until unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968, when it was disbanded, with the remnants of the unit forming the new 413 Transport and Rescue Squadron at CFB Summerside.


103 Search and Rescue Squadron, History
As 103 RU it flew a variety of aircraft: Canso-A (until 1962), Avro Lancaster (until 1965), Douglas Dakota (until 1968), Noorduyn Norseman (until 1957), Sikorsky H-5 (until 1965). 103 also had detachments in Torbay, Newfoundland (which was then RCAF Station Torbay re-opened in 1953 on the former RCAF Aerodrome – Torbay, Newfoundland) and Goose Bay, with the latter closed and becoming 107 Rescue Unit in 1954. RCN provided high-speed launch vessels (ex-RCMP) support at select locations.


103 Search and Rescue Squadron, History
The unit was re-activated in 1977 at CFB Gander to meet the search and rescue demands in Canada's area of responsibility in the western North Atlantic. At the time of its reactivation, the squadron was equipped with the Boeing Vertol CH-113 Labrador twin-rotor helicopter and was stationed in a permanent hangar constructed on the grounds of the airport in 1977. In 1997 the squadron was re-designated to its current name by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and presented with its standard.


103 Search and Rescue Squadron, History
In 2009, the squadron, alongside its parent unit 9 Wing Gander, hosted SAREX 09, an annual search and rescue exercise involving SAR organizations across Canada, with units from the United States Air Force and international observers also attending.


103 Squadron (Israel)
The 103 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force, also known as the Elephants Squadron, is a C-130J Super Hercules squadron based at Nevatim Airbase. The Squadron formerly operated the C-130E and KC-130H models of the Hercules.


103 Squadron (Portugal)
The 103 Squadron "Caracóis" (Esquadra 103) is a jet advanced training squadron of the Portuguese Air Force. Prior to 1978, the "Caracóis" also received following designations: 22 Squadron, Esquadra de Instrução Complementar de Pilotagem (EICP) and Esquadra de Instrução Complementar de Pilotagem em Aviões de Combate (EICPAC).


103 Squadron (Portugal), Roles and missions
Its primary mission is the complementary flying training on jet aircraft and operational transition training.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
The origins of 103 Squadron date back to 1953 with the beginning of the operational service of the Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star and later that same year with the delivery of the first jet fighters, the Republic F-84G Thunderjet, in service with the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF). These aircraft were assigned to then-Air Base No. 2 (BA2), Ota, to equip the first jet fighter squadron, 20 Squadron.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
That same year a new Flight (Esquadrilha de Voo sem Visibilidade, VSV) was created and integrated in 20 Squadron to train in the flight by instruments and the operational conversion on a twin-seat jet of the new pilots for the single-seat F-84. With the formation of a second jet fighter squadron, 21 Squadron, in 1954, the VSV Flight became more independent.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
In 1955, 22 Squadron, the third squadron of the 201st Operational Group of Air Base No. 2, was created and equipped with the totality of the existing T-33 fleet and a small detachment of F-84G – resulting in the T-33A being finally assigned to an independent squadron of its own. The primary mission of this squadron was to provide the conversion and transition training for jet fighters to pilots who had experience with conventional aircraft, like the Republic F-47D Thunderbolt and Curtiss SB2C Helldiver. This training consisted of about 40 hours of flight in basic flying, acrobatic flying, formation, flight by instruments, navigation, and night flight, and also the conversion to the F-84G before the pilots were assigned to an operational fighter squadron.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
In 1956, with the complete conversion of the pilots of the last conventional fighter squadron, the 22 Squadron mission was changed from the conversion of pilots to jet fighters, to the instruction of pilots, thus adopting the new designation of Pilot Complementary Instruction Squadron (Portuguese: Esquadra de Instrução Complementar de Pilotagem, EICP).


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
On August 1957, the squadron was then transferred to then-Air Base No. 3 (BA3) and assigned to the PoAF's Directorate of Instruction (DINST). The trainee-pilots where then transferred directly from the Pilot Basic Instruction Squadron (Portuguese: Esquadra de Instrução Básica de Pilotagem, EIBP), which was equipped with the North American T-6 Texan. The training in T-33A also was changed from 40 to 80 hours of flight and trips of navigation instruction to other countries were added.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
On December, due to logistic-administrative reasons, the EICP adopted the designation of Combat Aircraft Piloting Complementary Instruction Squadron (Portuguese: Esquadra de Instrução Complementar de Pilotagem de Aviões de Combate, EICPAC), so that the subsidy of operational pilots in jet aircraft was also attributed to the squadron's instructors, also adding to the instruction subsidy.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
On September 1960, the squadron was transferred back to Ota, and with the disbandment of the 20 and 21 Squadrons, the entire F-84G fleet was also assigned to EICPAC. This resulted in the squadron being organized in two independent Flights, having only the command of the squadron as common between them. The T-33 Flight continued with the mission of complementary instruction while the F-84 Flight had as mission the operational conversion of pilots for the North American F-86F Sabre. However, with the beginning of the conflict in Africa, the F-84 were transferred to new squadrons in the colonies, along with many of its pilot-instructors.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
On November 1974, the squadron was transferred to Air Base No. 5, in Monte Real; by then with more than 90 hours of flight training.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
In 1978, with the organic restructure of the Air Force, the squadron's designation is changed to 103 Squadron, while not losing the previous designation of EICPAC.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
During July 1980, 103 Squadron started to receive the Northrop T-38A Talon, until then operated by 201 Squadron. This resulted in the EICPAC being organized, for the second time, in two independent flights. The T-38 flight was dependent of the Operational Command (COFA) while the T-33 flight continued under the command of the DINST.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
In 1987, 103 Squadron was transferred to Air Base No. 11, in Beja. On January 1990, the Operational Introduction Course (Portuguese: Curso de Introdução Operacional, CIO) is implemented in the T-38 Flight, to provide operational introduction to the pilots trained in the United States, helping in their integration with the combat squadrons.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
With the beginning of the retirement of the T-33 in 1988, the T-38 started replacing it in the main course of complementary instruction of combat aircraft. By 1991 the retirement of the T-33 was completed.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
In 1993, Germany transferred 50 Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jets to Portugal as part payment for German use of Beja Air Base. In June 1993, the T-38 was retired and in November 103 Squadron started its first course on the Alpha Jet. In 1997 the aerobatic team Asas de Portugal reformed with six Alpha Jets as part of 103 Squadron, but the team only carried out two displays before disbanding.


103 Squadron (Portugal), History
A two-aircraft Alpha Jet team, the Parelha da Cruz de Christo (the Cross of Christ Pair) was operated by the squadron in 2001 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Portuguese Air Force, and the Asas de Portugal was reformed as part of 103 Squadron in 2004, continuing to operate until 2010. The number of Alpha Jets operated by the squadron gradually reduced as aircraft used up their flying hours, and by 2017 only 6 Alpha Jets were operational. The Alpha Jet was retired on 13 January 2018.


103 Squadron (Portugal), Commanders
List of commanders of the 103 Squadron since the squadron's transference from Ota to Monte Real, in November 1974.


103 series
The 103 series (103系, 103-kei) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). They were also operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).


103 series
Some former JR East sets were also sold to Indonesia, where they operated on the KRL Jabodetabek system in Jakarta between 2004 and 2016.


103 series, Operations, JR East
JR East has operated previously a large number of 103 series sets on the following lines.


103 series, Operations, JR East
One four-car 103 series set has remained in use by JR East on the Senseki Line in the Sendai area between November 2006~21 October 2009.


103 series, Operations, JR Central
JR Central has formerly used 103 series sets on Chuo Main Line services in the Nagoya area, but these were subsequently replaced by 211 series and 313 series trains.


103 series, Operations, JR-West
JR-West continues to operate a large number of 103 series sets, many of which have received extensive life-extension refurbishment. JR-West currently operates 103 series sets on the following lines. They were also used on the Osaka Loop Line until October 2017. As of 2019, there are 63 cars still available in service.


103 series, Operations, JR Kyushu
JR Kyushu operates a fleet of 103-1500 series sets on JR Chikuhi Line inter-running services. As of 2018, there are 6 3-car trainsets still remain in service.


103 series, Overseas operations
Four former JR East 103 series 4-car units (Musashino Line sets KeYo 20, 21, 22, and 27) were shipped to Indonesia in 2004 to operate on the KRL Jabodetabek system in Jakarta.


103 series, Overseas operations
As of November 2016, all 103 series have been withdrawn.


103 series, Overseas operations
Former JR East 103 series EMU working in the Jakarta area of Indonesia, July 2007


103 series, Overseas operations
Former JR East set KeYo 21 in revised "JR Central" livery in Jakarta, December 2011


103 series, 103-0 series
The 103-0 series trains were built between 1963 and 1981. Built for JNR as an "upgraded" version of the 101 series, the 103 series has been widely used around Japan and has been manufactured in a multitude of different body styles and configurations.


103 series, 103-0 series
Based on the earlier 101 series, the 103 series has been used on various commuter services since 1963. In fact, some 103 series cars were actually converted from 101 series cars. The 103 series was the main rolling stock used on urban commuter services for a time.


103 series, 103-0 series
Some sets have been used for at least 50 years, and their age is starting to show; as such, their use on various lines is diminishing and they are being replaced by newer trains. For instance, the 103 series are being replaced by the newer 323 series on the Osaka Loop Line where they famously operate.


103 series, 103-0 series
The sets have been manufactured in a multitude of different body styles, with additional body styles being created over the years. Older sets had body styles similar to the one used on the 101 series.


103 series, 103-0 series, Prototype
This 8-car unit was built in 1963 without air-conditioning. The cars were withdrawn from service between 1988 and 1991.


103 series, 103-0 series, Standard series
These were built between 1964 and 1970. While not originally fitted with air-conditioning, most of the cars were fitted with air conditioning from 1975. The bogies of the trailer cars were changed from TR201 to TR212 for the cars built from 1968. Cars fitted with TR212 bogies feature disc brakes, because they needed to run on higher speeds on the Jōban and Hanwa Lines.


103 series, 103-0 series, Air-conditioned prototype
This single 10-car unit was built in 1970. It was equipped with various air conditioning units and tested on the Yamanote Line in Tokyo. It was subsequently modified to become a standard air-conditioned set in 1978. In 2000, four cars were scrapped at the Narashino Depot; the remaining six cars were scrapped at Keiyō Rolling Stock Center in 2005.


103 series, 103-0 series, Sets without air-conditioning
Built during 1972 and 1973, these units were similar to the air-conditioned prototype but without air-conditioning. This type was used mainly in Osaka area. Most cars were fitted with air-conditioning from 1976.


103 series, 103-0 series, Air-conditioned sets
Built in 1973, they were similar to the air-conditioned prototype. They were fitted with motorized destination blinds on both sides.


103 series, 103-0 series, ATC equipped sets
Built between 1974 and 1980. The front end design was changed with the driver's cab raised so that an ATC signalling system could be included. Kuha 103 of this version was used in the Tokyo area only.


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
Built between 1979 and 1984. The front end design was the same as the ATC-equipped sets, although this type was not fitted with ATC. Kuha 103-811 & 816 were converted to include ATC in 1984.


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
Driver's cab of KuHa 103-235 car (without ATC), November 2008


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JNR 103 & 205 series Yamanote Line meet at Uguisudani station, February 1986


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
Akabane Line KuHa 103-273 car with air-conditioning coupled with non air-conditioned middle cars, 1979


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
Biwako Line-JR Kyoto Line-JR Kobe Line KuHa 103-154 car without air-conditioning, 1983


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR Kobe Line KuHa 103-184 car without air-conditioning, August 1983


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR-West Yamatoji Line raised driver's cab KuHa 103-831 car, circa 1993


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
Two JR-West Fukuchiyama Line (left) and JR Kyoto Line air-conditioned 103-0 series, August 1999


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR East MoHa 103-734 car in brown livery, August 1999


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
Musashino Line air-conditioned 103-0 series showing different driver's cab heights, August 2003


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR Central 103-0 series air-conditioned KuMoHa 103-18 car, April 2007


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR West 103 series on Nara Line local service, December 2017


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR West 103 series train Wadamisaki Line local service,July 2017


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR-West San'yō Main Line air-conditioned 103-0 series set H19, May 2009


103 series, 103-0 series, Raised driver's cab
JR-West Sakurajima Line raised driver's cab KuHa 103-823 car, March 2012


103 series, 103-0 series, Converted from 101 series
Some 101 series trailer cars were converted to the 103-0 series. The cars' bodies and bogies were 101 series originals as the conversions involved minimum modification. The last of these cars were withdrawn from service in 1999.


103 series, 103-0 series, Experimental direct-drive mechanism (DDM-VVVF)
An insulated gate bipolar transistor traction system and direct-drive motors both manufactured by Toshiba were experimentally tested on car MoHa 103-502 (car #4) on ten-car set KeYo304 based on the Keiyō Line from May 2002; the car was originally manufactured in December 1975 by Nippon Sharyo. The direct-drive motors and IGBT inverters appear to be of the same specification as used on the experimental E993 series set due to similar cadences.


103 series, 103-0 series, Experimental direct-drive mechanism (DDM-VVVF)
The use of direct-drive motors in the car gave the set a unique sound, with both the roar of the old-fashioned resistor-controlled traction motors and the more modern, high-pitched cadence of the variable frequency drive in car MoHa 103-502; MoHa 103-502's use of direct-drive motors gave the car itself a unique sound, as once the set reached a certain speed, the traction motors made no discernible noise.


103 series, 103-0 series, Experimental direct-drive mechanism (DDM-VVVF)
The set entered service with the direct-drive motored car on 15 May 2003, but was retired and scrapped in December 2003 after just 7 months of service with this experimental car. Car MoHa 103-502 remains the last 103 series car to have been fitted with a variable frequency drive. As implied, the car no longer exists as it was scrapped in 2003; no JR train since (other than the E993 and E331 series sets) has used direct-drive motors in combination with IGBT or PMSM inverters.


103 series, 103-1000 series
160 103-1000 series cars (16 10-car sets) were built in 1970 and 1971 for use on Jōban Line-Chiyoda Line inter-running services, which commenced in 1971. Originally painted in grey with a sea green stripe, they were subsequently displaced by new 203 series trains. Some sets were later converted to become 105 series, and the rest of the fleet was reallocated to Jōban Line services from Ueno. In 1989, one Joban Line set was reallocated to the Chūō-Sōbu Line-Tōzai Line inter-running services. This set was repainted in grey with light-blue stripe, which was the same livery as the 103-1200 series. The last set was retired in March 2004.


103 series, 103-1000 series
Joban Line Rapid Service 103-1000 series Set MaTo 11, June 1989


103 series, 103-1200 series
Similar to the 103-1000 series, these were 7-car sets built by Nippon Sharyo and Tokyu Car Corporation for use on Chūō-Sōbu Line-Tōzai Line inter-running services alongside the aluminium-bodied 301 series. 5 sets (35 cars) were built between 1970 and 1978. They were initially painted in grey with a yellow stripe, but this was changed to a light blue stripe from 1989 to avoid confusion with the similarly coloured 205 series trains introduced on Chūō-Sōbu Line services. The last set was retired in July 2003.


103 series, 103-1200 series
A JR East 301 series (left) and 103-1200 series (right) EMU formation at Funabashi Station, August 2002


103 series, 103-1500 series
Nine 103-1500 series 6-car sets were built between 1982 and 1983 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Hitachi for use on inter-running services between the Chikuhi Line and the Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line in Kyushu. In 1989, four sets were reformed as eight 3-car sets (numbered E11 to E18) by rebuilding MoHa 103 and MoHa 102 cars as KuMoHa 103 and KuMoHa 102 cars respectively. They were initially painted in light blue with a white stripe, but were repainted into a grey and red livery from 1995. The 3-car sets were modified for driver-only operation between December 1999 and March 2001. Toilets were added to one end car of each set between June 2003 and October 2004.


103 series, 103-3000 series
Five three-car 103-3000 series sets (numbered 51 to 55) were formed in 1985 from former 72-970 series EMU cars for use on the Kawagoe Line following electrification in September 1985. Five MoHa 72970 cars were also converted to SaHa 103-3000 cars to augment Ome Line trains. These cars were fitted with passenger-operated door controls. The five Kawagoe Line sets were lengthened to four cars between October 1995 and March 1996 ahead of Hachiko Line electrification in March 1996. The last set was withdrawn in October 2005.


103 series, 103-3000 series
Kawagoe Line 103-3000 series set 53 as a three-car set in May 1993


103 series, 103-3500 series (JR East)
One 4-car 103-3500 series set was formed in December 1995 from surplus 103-0 series cars to augment the fleet ahead of Hachikō Line electrification in March 1996. As with the 103-3000 series sets, passenger-operated door controls were fitted. The motor/trailer car configuration differed from that of the 103-3000 series sets. The set was withdrawn in March 2005.


103 series, 103-3500 series (JR West)
Nine 2-car 103-3500 series refurbished sets (H1 to H9) were formed between September 1997 and March 1998 ahead of Bantan Line electrification in March 1998. Toilets were added between 2005 and 2006.


103 series, 103-3550 series
Eight 2-car 103-3550 series refurbished sets (M1 to M8) were formed between January and October 2004 ahead of Kakogawa Line electrification in March 2005. These sets feature cab gangway connections and toilets.


103 series, 103-3550 series
Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set M1 with Train with eyes livery by Tadanori Yokoo, October 2005


103 series, 103-3550 series
Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set M2 with Travel in a galaxy livery by Tadanori Yokoo, February 2006


103 series, 103-3550 series
Kakogawa Line 2-car 103-3550 series set M8 with Run! Three-way junction livery side view by Tadanori Yokoo, August 2007


103 series, Internal training sets
One internal crew training set, formed as KuMoHa 103-100 + MoHa 102-224, was used for internal crew training at the JR East Crew Training Center at Higashi-Omiya Depot. The set had different cab end designs, as MoHa 102-224 used the cab of former ATC equipped KuHa 103-332, sets. It was withdrawn in 2009 following the delivery of a new 209 series-based training set in 2008.


103 series, Preserved examples
KuHa 103-525 at the Toshiba factory in Fuchu in March 2010


103 series, Preserved examples
MoHa 102-230 stored at the RTRI facility in Kokubunji, Tokyo, in October 2010


103-form Yang family tai chi chuan
103-form Yang family t'ai chi ch'uan, also called the Traditional Form (or, Long Form), is a prescribed sequence of moves used to practice Yang-style t'ai chi ch'uan.


103-form Yang family tai chi chuan, T'ai chi forms
The different slow motion solo form training sequences of t'ai chi ch'uan are the best known manifestation of t'ai chi for the general public. In English, they are usually called the hand form or just the form;  in Mandarin it is usually called ch'üan (Chinese: 拳; pinyin: quán; Wade–Giles: ch'üan2). They are usually performed slowly and are designed to string together an inventory of important techniques, and to promote relaxation, as well as other foundational principles.


103-form Yang family tai chi chuan, Duration
This sequence of moves, when performed at its prescribed speed, usually takes approximately 25 to 30 minutes to complete.


103-form Yang family tai chi chuan, Differences between schools
The following is an English translation from Chinese of the form list used by the current Yang family teachers. Other Yang style schools may have significantly different enumeration schemes. The moves can also add up to 85, 88, 108, 113 or 150 depending on how they are counted. The book called Yang Shi Taijiquan (Yang style T'ai chi ch'uan), by Fu Zhongwen, breaks the form into each of its discrete movements.


103-form Yang family tai chi chuan, Yang-style 103-Form list of Postures
The 103 postures of the Yang family style of t'ai chi ch'uan are as follows:


103.1 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 103.1 MHz:


103.2 Alpha Radio
103.2 Alpha Radio (formerly A1FM, Alpha 103.2, 103.2 Alpha FM, Alpha Radio) was an Independent Local Radio station based in Darlington, County Durham, England.


103.2 Alpha Radio, History
When launched in 1995, Alpha was owned by Radio Investments Ltd while First Radio Sales


103.2 Alpha Radio, History
In 2009, Alpha was joined by neighbouring station Minster Northallerton to share the studio complex in a cost-cutting exercise. To make further savings, both Alpha and Minster Northallerton, along with Durham FM were rebranded as Star Radio North East which meant all three stations lost their heritage names and, until recently, only produced a daily breakfast show. Since June 2010, output has been networked across all frequencies, although commercial breaks are still unique to the three areas.


103.2 Alpha Radio, History
In its history, Alpha 103.2/ Alpha FM/ Alpha Radio had many jingle packages and imaging updates. In 2002, The Local Radio Group introduced Bespoke Music Jingles to its group of stations. This then launched an iconic sung logo for Alpha 103.2. Alpha had four main jingle packages from Bespoke. They were introduced in 2001, 2003, 2007 and 2009. During 2003/ 2006, Alpha lost its Jingles in favour of imaging when the Music:Fun:Life streamline was introduced. The main station Voice overs for Alpha throughout its life were, Emma Clarke, Chris Marsden, Jeff Davies and Greg Marsden.


103.2 Alpha Radio, History
The last ever Alpha Jingles were by sung radio jingles made by Bespoke Music. but had the name tweaked when the station changed names from Alpha 103.2 to Alpha Radio. Most recently the station had sung radio jingles made by Bespoke Music.


103.2 Alpha Radio, History
The main station imaging for Alpha was designed and produced in house via the TLRC from Minster FM in York which was made as a generic package for the TLRC group and sent to all local station within the portfolio to be edited into 'local ID's' however later, the imaging was produced in Darlington's Woodland Road studio's via various producers such as Chris Hakin, Craig Bailey, Dan Callum and Dave Lee.


103.2 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 103.2 MHz:


103.3 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 103.3 MHz:


103.4 DFM
PM2FGP (103.4 FM), on air name 103.4 DFM, is a radio station in Jakarta. Currently, Tutut Soeharto (daughter of former Indonesian president Soeharto) owns this station. This station mainly plays today's pop music along with 90s music.


103.4 DFM, History, Terminal Musik Indonesia
PM2FGP started in late 1980s as "Terminal Musik Indonesia" (TMI), hence its company name. The station only played Indonesian pop music, also the first station to embrace this format. TMI ceased broadcast after 1998 riot,demolishing the studio in Pasar Minggu subdistrict. Later in 2000, the "100% Indonesian song" format was inherited to I-Radio until today.


103.4 DFM, History, Business Radio
PM2FGP returned in early 2000s era as D FM, that time reformatted into business radio same as 103.8 Brava Radio and 95.9 Smart FM today. Motivational program and business talks were part of DFM's content, along with some news breaks. DFM surrendered this format in 2015, flipped itself into a contemporary hit radio just like rivals Prambors and Mustang 88.0 with some 90s music inserted.


103.5 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 103.5 MHz:


103.7 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 103.7 MHz:


103.9 FM
The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 103.9 MHz:


1030
Year 1030 (MXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1030 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1030 kHz: 1030 AM is a United States clear-channel frequency. WBZ Boston is the dominant Class A station on 1030 AM.


1030 Vitja
1030 Vitja, provisional designation 1924 RQ, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 25 May 1924, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Vladimir Albitsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named in honor of Viktor Zaslavskij (1925–1944), a relative of the discoverer.


1030 Vitja, Orbit and classification
Vitja is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,014 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's first recorded observation was made a week after its official discovery at Heidelberg Observatory in June 1924, while its observation arc begins more than seven years later at Lowell Observatory in October 1931.


1030 Vitja, Naming
This minor planet was named by the discoverer after his relative Viktor "Vitja" Viktorovich Zaslavskij (1925–1944), who died during World War II. He was the nephew of Spiridon Zaslavskij, the brother-in-law of the discoverer, after whom the asteroid 1330 Spiridonia was later named. No accurate naming citation was given for this asteroid in The Names of the Minor Planets. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planets, Lutz Schmadel, researched the naming circumstances himself (LDS).


1030 Vitja, Physical characteristics
Vitja has been characterized as a primitive P-type and carbonaceous C-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Pan-STARRS photometric survey, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be a very dark C-type asteroid.


1030 Vitja, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In July 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Vitja was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.7014 hours and a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude (U=3-). Another observation by Andrea Ferrero at the Bigmuskie Observatory (B88) in Italy showed a period of 6.332 with an amplitude of 0.21 (U=2).


1030 Vitja, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Vitja measures between  52.72 and 69.139 kilometers (32.759 and 42.961 mi) in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0280 and 0.05.


1030 Vitja, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
CALL adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0326 and a diameter of 64.13 kilometers (39.85 mi) based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3.


1030 Vitja, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Between 2007 and 2021, 1030 Vitja has been observed to occult four stars.


1030s
The 1030s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1030, and ended on December 31, 1039.


1030s BC
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by WikiCleanerBot (talk | contribs) at 07:53, 4 April 2020 (v2.02b - Bot Test T11 - WP:WCW project (Empty list item)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1030s BC
The 1030s BC is a decade which lasted from 1039 BC to 1030 BC.


1030s in art
The decade of the 1030s in art involved some significant events.


1030s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1030s in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted:


1030s in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1031
Year 1031 (MXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1031 Arctica
1031 Arctica, provisional designation 1924 RR, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 June 1924, by Soviet−Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. It was named for the Arctic Sea.


1031 Arctica, Classification and orbit
Arctica orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,944 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic. Prior to its discovery, Arctica was identified as A910 VB and A913 JA at Collurania and Johannesburg in 1910 and 1913, respectively. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Simeiz in 1924.


1031 Arctica, Physical characteristics
In the Tholen taxonomic classification scheme, Arctica is a rather rare CX: type, an intermediary between the carbonaceous C and X-type asteroids (also see category listing).


1031 Arctica, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In February 1992, the first rotational lightcurve of Arctica was obtained by Italian astronomer Mario Di Martino at Torino Observatory, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla in Chile. It gave a rotation period of 51.0 hours with a change in brightness of 0.22 magnitude (U=2).


1031 Arctica, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
Since then, photometric observations were taken by French amateur astronomers Raymond Poncy (2005), René Roy (2010) and Patrick Sogorb (2016), giving an identical period of 51 hours, based on a fragmentary and poorly rated lightcurve (U=1/n.a./1). While Arctica has a much longer period than most minor planets, it is not a slow rotator, which have periods up to a 1000 or more hours.


1031 Arctica, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Arctica measures between 73.83 and 77.28 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.04 and 0.047 (without preliminary results). The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0465 and a diameter of 75.47 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.56.


1031 Arctica, Naming
This minor planet was named for the Arctic Sea, located in the Northern Hemisphere and the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. Naming citation was first published in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 98).


1031 Canal
1031 Canal was a partially collapsed 190-foot-tall (58 m) multi-use high-rise building in New Orleans, Louisiana, located at 1031 Canal Street in the Central Business District. If completed, the project would have been known as the Hard Rock Hotel New Orleans.


1031 Canal
After months of controversy, on September 22, 2011, the New Orleans City Council voted 5–2 to approve the necessary height variances with provisions. As proposed the building would have included 300 market-rate apartments, a 500-space parking garage and 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) of retail space on the first two floors. The project had undergone a lengthy and controversial development process.


1031 Canal
On October 12, 2019, the under-construction building partially collapsed, resulting in the deaths of three workers and injuring dozens of others. The building was subsequently demolished. Government officials are debating the project's future and the potential culpability of various people and organizations involved.


1031 Canal
On April 3, 2020, OSHA found that the structural engineer had "failed to adequately design, review or approve steel bolt connections affecting the structural integrity of the building". The engineer has denied wrongdoing and is appealing the findings.


1031 Canal, Demolition of former Woolworths store
A permit to demolish the existing building, a former Woolworth store constructed in the 1930s and vacant since the late 1990s, was issued in April 2014, and demolition began in October 2014, with completion scheduled for 2016.


1031 Canal, Hard Rock Hotel New Orleans
Following the demolition of the Woolworth building, there was little progress made on the site until February 2018 when Kailas announced a partnership with Hard Rock to turn the new building into the Hard Rock Hotel New Orleans. The new plan maintained the already-approved height, massing, and general design of the tower. Plans for the interior then included 350 hotel rooms, 65 1–3 bedroom units available for purchase, an upscale restaurant, 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) of event space, and a 400-space parking garage.


1031 Canal, Partial collapse during construction
On Saturday, October 12, 2019, at approximately 9:12 a.m. during construction, a partial collapse of the structure occurred on the side facing North Rampart Street. Three workers died and dozens of others were injured.


1031 Canal, Partial collapse during construction
The cause of the collapse is under investigation. Some workers and a contractor said they had complained about unsafe practices before the collapse, and one posted a video of what he said was the construction site showing insufficient support for the structure. Investigators said they would evaluate the information. New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell called for the entire building to be demolished.


1031 Canal, Partial collapse during construction
On January 15, 2020, a petition to demolish three neighboring historic buildings, also owned by the developer, 1031 Canal Street Development LLC, was to be considered by the Historic District Landmarks Commission for the Central Business District. Those structures are located at 1019 and 1027 Canal, and 1022 Iberville Street. At the time, the collapsed 18-story building had not yet been removed. A few days earlier, the developer requested a delay in the decision-making process, pending the finalization of the plan as to the methodology for the demolition.


1031 Canal, Partial collapse during construction
By April, the developer and the City of New Orleans were in dispute regarding the demolition, with the developer describing code enforcement regarding the demolition as "farcical". In June, demolition of surrounding buildings commenced; in August, ten months after the collapse, the bodies of the second and third victims were recovered. After repeated delays due to tropical weather, demolition was expected to be complete by that December; by mid-December the towers were demolished and clearing of debris was underway.


1031, A Number of Things From...
1031, A Number Of Things From... is a 1998 demo-compilation released by Detroit heavy metal band Halloween to help raise money to keep the band going after a reunion with original members Rick Craig and Bill Whyte. The compilation includes five tracks from the 1990 release Vicious Demos and a number of unreleased tracks recorded through the years with different lineups.


1032
Year 1032 (MXXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1032 Pafuri
1032 Pafuri, provisional designation 1924 SA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 May 1924, by English astronomer Harry Edwin Wood at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. The asteroid was named for the river in the Pafuri Triangle in South Africa, created by the confluence of the Limpopo and Levubu rivers. The body's spectral type and rotation period are still poorly determined.


1032 Pafuri, Orbit and classification
Pafuri is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,023 days; semi-major axis of 3.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.


1032 Pafuri, Orbit and classification
The asteroid was first observed as A917 CC at Heidelberg Observatory in February 1917, where the body's observation arc begins in April 1929, nearly 5 years after its official discovery observation at Johannesburg.


1032 Pafuri, Naming
This minor planet was named after the river in the Pafuri Triangle, created by the confluence of the Limpopo and Levubu rivers in South Africa. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 98).


1032 Pafuri, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Pafuri is an X-type asteroid, while the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized it as a primitive and darker P-type asteroid. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes it to be a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.


1032 Pafuri, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
In November 2009, a rotational lightcurve of Pafuri was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini who suspects it to be a slow rotator. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of at least 24 hours with a brightness variation of more than 0.15 magnitude (U=n.a.). The result supersedes a previous period of at least 13 hours at the Oakley Observatory in the United States (U=n.a.). As of 2018, no secure rotation period has been obtained.


1032 Pafuri, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Pafuri measures between 54.67 and 75.265 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0312 and 0.0591. CALL derives an albedo of 0.0540 and a diameter of 54.61 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.1.


1033
Year 1033 (MXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1033 Fez massacre
In 1033, following their conquest of the city from the Maghrawa tribe, the forces of Tamim, chief of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran tribe, perpetrated a massacre of Jews in Fez in an anti-Jewish pogrom. The city of Fez in Morocco had been contested between the Zenata Berber tribes of Miknasa, Maghrawa and Banu Ifran for the previous half century, in the aftermath of the fall of the Idrisid dynasty.


1033 Fez massacre
Tamim's forces killed over six thousand Jews, appropriated their belongings, and captured the Jewish women of the city. The killings took place in the month of Jumaada al-Akhir 424 AH (May–June 1033 AD). The killings have been called a "pogrom" by some recent writers. Sometime in the period 1038-1040 the Maghrawa tribe retook Fez, forcing Tamīm to flee to Salé.


1033 Simona
1033 Simona, provisional designation 1924 SM, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered by George Van Biesbroeck in 1924, who named it after his daughter Simona.


1033 Simona, Discovery
Simona was discovered on 4 September 1924, by Belgian–American astronomer George Van Biesbroeck at Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin, United States. On the following night, it was independently discovered by Soviet astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. As an anomaly, the asteroid's astrometric discovery record from 1924, 1924 SM, is missing in the observational history table provided by the Minor Planet Center. The first given observation is from 30 August 1938, made at Heidelberg Observatory.


1033 Simona, Orbit and classifications
Simona is a member of the Eos family, a collisional outer-belt family of untypical stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 2 months (1,898 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins almost 13 years after its official discovery observation, with its identification 1937 CG at Uccle Observatory in February 1937.


1033 Simona, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
In September 2007, photometric observations at the Oakley Observatory in Indiana, United States, gave a fragmentary lightcurve with a rotation period of 10.07 hours and a brightness variation of 0.15  magnitude (U=1+).


1033 Simona, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
Another fragmentary lightcurve of Simona was obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy in August 2012. Lightcurve analysis gave a period of 9.6 hours with an amplitude of 0.02 magnitude (U=n.a. ).


1033 Simona, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Simona measures between 19.195 and 23.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.12 and 0.196. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1050 and a diameter of 24.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.1.


1033 Simona, Naming
This minor planet was named after the discoverer's daughter Simona Titus (née Van Biesbroeck). The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets (H 98).


1034
Year 1034 (MXXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1034 Mozartia
1034 Mozartia, provisional designation 1924 SS, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 September 1924, by Soviet Vladimir Albitsky at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula, and named after Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.


1034 Mozartia, Orbit and classification
Mozartia orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,268 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in 1924.


1034 Mozartia, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Mozartia is a common S-type asteroid.


1034 Mozartia, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Mozartia measures 7.919 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.250.


1034 Mozartia, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Mozartia has been obtained. The body's rotation period and shape remain unknown.


1034 Mozartia, Naming
This minor planet was named after the influential Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in November 1952 (M.P.C. 837).


1034 Yellow River flood
The 1034 Yellow River flood (traditional Chinese: 1034年黃河洪水; simplified Chinese: 1034年黄河洪水; pinyin: 1034 nián huánghé hóngshuǐ) was a natural disaster along China's Yellow River originating in a burst fascine following heavy rainfall at Henglong in the territory of the Northern Song. The flood divided the Yellow River from its previous course into three more northerly channels meeting the Chihe, You, and Jin.


1034 Yellow River flood
The Yellow River's new channels caused flooding in the rich northern regions of Dezhou and Bozhou, as well as reducing revenues in the northern regions of the Northern Song. The Yellow River flooded once again in 1048, causing the river's course to move northward past the southern Hebei-Shandong region, where it had led into the sea before.


1034 Yellow River flood, Background
In the rule of the Northern Song dynasty over China, there were four major floods of the Yellow River to note. The first one of these floods occurred before the year in 983, while the other three occurred after 1000 CE in 1019, 1034, and 1048 respectively. Before the 1034 flood, the Yellow River followed the same route it had since the year 11 CE. In order to maintain protection from the heavy annual rains around July, a system of fascines were constructed along much of the river's path in areas controlled by the Northern Song.


1034 Yellow River flood, Flood
During a period of intense rainfall in July 1034, a fascine outside at Henglong burst, causing a massive flow of water from the Yellow River away from the course it had previously followed and been directed into. This diversion created three new channels that connected into the Chihe, You, and Jin rivers alongside the river's original outlet into the Bohai Sea. The amount of water brought into the Chihe, You, and Jin rivers stirred up massive amounts of sediment that were carried downriver.


1034 Yellow River flood, Aftermath
Unlike the controlled path of the Yellow River previously, the river's newly diverted path caused extensive flooding in the Dezhou and Bozhou regions (of modern-day Shandong). The large amounts of sediment picked up when the Yellow River's waters entered the Chihe, You, and Jin rivers also caused major economic damage to the northern provinces of the Northern Song where the tributary rivers led to. Under the rule of Renzong, an emperor known for his modesty, the Song worked for five years futilely attempting to restore the Yellow River's previous course.


1034 Yellow River flood, Aftermath
This project used over 35,000 employees, 100,000 conscripts, and 220,000 tons of wood and bamboo in a single year – before the project was abandoned in 1041. Only seven years after the project to restore the river's course was ended, the Yellow River flood of 1048 caused the river to move much further north, meaning that the Chihe, You, and Jin rivers were no longer a threat to agriculture around modern-day Hebei and Shandong.


1034 Yellow River flood, Aftermath
Due to the flooding of agriculture in Dezhou and Bozhou, as well as the sediments carried along the Yellow River's three new tributary rivers, the 1034 flood was recorded as reducing the revenues of the northern provinces by half. The economic consequences of the first flood however were not fully repaired by the time that the second flood came, leading to yet more devastation in the northern provinces of the Northern Song.


1035
Year 1035 (MXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1035 Amata
1035 Amata /əˈmeɪtə/ is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 57 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany on 29 September 1924 and assigned the  provisional designation 1924 SW. It was probably named after Amata from Roman mythology.


1035 Amata, Classification and orbit
The C-type asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,049 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic. The first used observation was taken at the discovering observatory in 1913, extending the body's observation arc by 11 years prior to its discovery.


1035 Amata, Naming
Amata's name is of uncertain origin. It is thought to have been named after Amata, wife of King Latinus in Roman mythology and a character in Virgil's Aeneid. She is also the mother of Lavinia, the wife of Aeneas, after whom 1172 Äneas, one of the largest Jupiter trojans, is named.


1035 Amata, Naming, Unknown meaning
Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Amata is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).


1035 Amata, Physical characteristics
In October 2002, a rotational light-curve of Amata was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Robert Stevens at the Santana Observatory (646) in California. It gave a rotation period of 9.081±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.44 in magnitude (U=3). In the same month, another observation was made at the Oakley Observatory in the U.S. state of Indiana and gave a very similar period of 9.05±0.01 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.32 in magnitude (U=2).


1035 Amata, Physical characteristics
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Amata measures between 50.7 and 62.2 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has a low albedo between 0.038 and 0.052. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derived a diameter of 50.7 kilometers and an albedo of 0.057.


1036
Year 1036 (MXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1036 Ganymed
1036 Ganymed, provisional designation 1924 TD, is a stony asteroid on a highly eccentric orbit, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group. It was discovered by German astronomer Walter Baade at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg on 23 October 1924, and named after Ganymede from Greek mythology. With a diameter of approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles), Ganymed is the largest of all near-Earth objects but does not cross Earth's orbit. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.3 hours. In October 2024, it is predicted to approach Earth at a distance of 56,000,000 km; 35,000,000 mi (0.374097 AU).


1036 Ganymed, Orbit and classification
Ganymed is an Amor asteroid, a subgroup of the near-Earth asteroids that approach the orbit of Earth from beyond, but do not cross it. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.2–4.1 AU about once every 4 years and 4 months (i.e., 52 months, or 1,587 days exactly; semi-major axis of 2.66 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.53 and an inclination of 27° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at the discovering observatory on 24 October 1924 (1924-10-24), the night after its official discovery observation.


1036 Ganymed, Orbit and classification, Close approaches, Earth approach
Ganymed has a minimum orbit intersection distance with Earth of 0.3415 AU (51,000,000 km), or 133 lunar distance. Its next pass of the Earth will be at a distance of 0.374097 AU (56,000,000 km; 34,800,000 mi) on 13 October 2024 (2024-10-13).


1036 Ganymed, Orbit and classification, Close approaches, Mars approach
Due to the high eccentricity of its orbit, Ganymed is also a Mars-crosser, intersecting the orbit of the Red Planet at 1.66 AU. On 16 December 2176 (2176-12-16), it will pass at a distance of 0.02868 AU (4,290,000 km; 2,670,000 mi) from Mars.


1036 Ganymed, Name
The minor planet of Ganymed was named after Ganymede from Greek mythology, using the German spelling ("Ganymed"). Ganymede was a Trojan prince abducted by Zeus to serve as a cup-bearer to the Greek gods. The name had previously also been given to Jupiter's third moon, "Ganymede", which was discovered in 1610 by Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei.


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics
Owing to its early discovery date, Ganymed has a rich observational history. A 1931 paper published the absolute magnitude, based on observations to date, as 9.24, slightly brighter than the present value of 9.45.


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics
Ganymed is a stony S-type asteroid, in the Tholen, SMASS and in the S3OS2 taxonomy. This means that it is relatively reflective and composed of iron and magnesium silicates. Spectral measurements put Ganymed in the S (VI) spectral subtype, indicating a surface rich in orthopyroxenes, and possibly metals (although if metals are present they are covered and not readily apparent in the spectra).


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Ganymed measures between 31.66 and 37.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.218 and 0.293.


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2809 and a mean-diameter of 31.57 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.50. Carry published a diameter 34.28±1.38 kilometers in 2012.


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
An occultation of a star by Ganymed was observed from California on 22 August 1985. Additional observations in 2011 gave an occultation cross-section with a semi-major and minor axis of 39.3 and 18.9 kilometers, respectively.


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics, Rotation and poles
A large number of rotational lightcurves of Ganymed have been obtained from photometric observations since 1985. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurves obtained by American photometrist Frederick Pilcher at his Organ Mesa Observatory (G50) in New Mexico during 2011 gave a rotation period of 10.297 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.28 and 0.31 magnitude (U=3-/3/3).


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics, Rotation and poles
Three studies using modeled photometric data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, WISE thermal infrared data and other sources, gave a concurring period of 10.313, 10.31284, and 10.31304 hours, respectively. Each modeled lightcurve also determined two spin axes of (214.0°, −73.0°), (190.0°, −78.0°), as well as (198.0°, −79.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β; L1/B1), respectively.


1036 Ganymed, Physical characteristics, Rotation and poles
In 1998, radar observations of Ganymed by the Arecibo radio telescope produced images of the asteroid, revealing a roughly spherical object. Polarimetric observations conducted by Japanese astronomers concluded that there was a weak correlation between the object's light- and polarimetry curve as a function of rotation angle. Because polarization is dependent on surface terrain and composition, rather than the observed size of the object like the lightcurve, this suggests that the surface features of the asteroid are roughly uniform over its observed surface.


1037
Year 1037 (MXXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


1037 Davidweilla
1037 Davidweilla, provisional designation 1924 TF, is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 October 1924, by Benjamin Jekhowsky at Algiers Observatory in Algeria, Northern Africa.


1037 Davidweilla, Classification and orbit
Davidweilla orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,237 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Algiers.


1037 Davidweilla, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Davidweilla measures 6.884 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.130.


1037 Davidweilla, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Davidweilla has been obtained. The body's rotation period and shape remain unknown.


1037 Davidweilla, Naming
This minor planet was named after David Weill, at the Sorbonne University in Paris. He was a member of the Academy of sciences. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets (H 99).


10370 Hylonome
10370 Hylonome (/haɪˈlɒnəmiː/; prov. designation: 1995 DW2) is a minor planet orbiting in the outer Solar System. The dark and icy body belongs to the class of centaurs and measures approximately 72 kilometers (45 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 February 1995, by English astronomer David C. Jewitt and Vietnamese American astronomer Jane Luu at the U.S. Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii, and later named after the mythological creature Hylonome.


10370 Hylonome, Classification and orbit
Centaurs are a large population of icy bodies in transition between trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), their orbits being unstable due to perturbations by the giant planets. Currently, Uranus controls Hylonome's perihelion and Neptune its aphelion.


10370 Hylonome, Classification and orbit
Hylonome is a carbonaceous C-type body that orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 18.9–31.4 AU once every 126 years and 2 months (46,073 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. It is a Neptune-crosser, and an outer-grazer of the orbit of Uranus, which it hence does not cross. Its minimum orbital intersection distance with Neptune and Uranus is 0.35854 and 0.52875 AU, respectively.


10370 Hylonome, Classification and orbit
It is estimated to have a relatively long orbital half-life of about 6.37 million years. In the year 3478, it will pass within approximately 85 gigameters of Uranus and its semi-major axis will be reduced from 25.1 to 23.5 AU.


10370 Hylonome, Naming
This minor planet was named for Hylonome, a female centaur in Greek mythology. In the epic tragedy, she lost her very much beloved husband, the handsome centaur Cyllarus, who was accidentally killed by a spear. Heartbroken, she then took her own life to join him by throwing herself on the spear. The official naming citation was published on 26 July 2000 (M.P.C. 41030).


10370 Hylonome, Physical characteristics
Observations with the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope indicate a diameter of 70±20 kilometers, whereas the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous bodies of 0.057, giving it a diameter of 75.1 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.35.


10370 Hylonome, Physical characteristics
A study in 2014, using data from Spitzer's Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) and Herschel's Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer, gave a low albedo 0.051±0.030 and a diameter of 74±16 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 9.51±0.08. The study concluded that among the observed population of centaurs, there is no correlation between their sizes, albedos, and orbital parameters. However, the smaller the centaur, the more reddish it is.