106th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Railroad District, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to September 1862. Railroad District, Western Virginia, to January 1863. Martinsburg, W. Va., Milroy's Command, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to March 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, VIII Corps, to June 1863. Elliott's Command, VIII Corps, to July 1863. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VI Corps, Army of the Potomac and Army of the Shenandoah, to June 1865.


106th New York Infantry Regiment, Service
The 106th New York Infantry mustered out of service on June 27, 1865.


106th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left New York for Baltimore, Md., August 28, 1862, thence ordered to New Creek, Va. Guard and provost duty in defenses of the Upper Potomac, with headquarters at New Creek, Va., until June 1863. Expedition to Greenland Gap April 15–22, 1863. Fairmont April 29. Martinsburg, W. Va., June 14. Battle of Winchester, Va., and retreat to Harper's Ferry June 14–15. Guard stores to Washington, D.C., July 1–4. Joined the Army of the Potomac at Frederick, Md., July 5. Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap, Va., July 5–24. Action at Wapping Heights, Va., July 23.


106th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan until October. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Brandy Station November 8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864. Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May 3-June 15. Battles of the Wilderness May 5–7; Spottsylvania May 8–12; Spottsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient, "Bloody Angle," May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 17–18.


106th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Petersburg June 17-July 6. Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, June 22–23, Ordered to Baltimore, Md., July 6. Battle of Monocacy, Md., July 9. Expedition to Snicker's Gap, Va., July 14–24. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28. Near Charlestown August 21–22. Battle of Winchester September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Kernstown until December. Moved to Washington, D.C., thence to Petersburg, Va., December 3–6. Siege of Petersburg December 1864 to April 1865. Fort Fisher, Petersburg, March 25, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9.


106th New York Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Assault on and fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Sayler's Creek April 6. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Danville, Va., April 23–27, and duty there until May 16. Moved to Richmond, Va., thence to Washington, D.C., May 16-June 2. Corps Review June 8.


106th New York Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 307 men during service; 10 officers and 127 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 4 officers and 166 enlisted men died of disease.


106th New York State Legislature
The 106th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to May 4, 1883, during the first year of Grover Cleveland's governorship, in Albany.


106th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (seven districts) and Kings County (three districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.


106th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In New York City the Democrats were split into three factions: Tammany Hall, "Irving Hall" and the "County Democrats". The Prohibition Party and the Greenback Party also nominated tickets.


106th New York State Legislature, Elections
The 1882 New York state election was held on November 7. Democrats Grover Cleveland and David B. Hill were elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The other two statewide elective offices up for election were also carried by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Democratic 535,000; Republican 342,000; Prohibition 26,000; and Greenback 12,000.


106th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 2, 1883; and adjourned on May 4.


106th New York State Legislature, Sessions
Alfred C. Chapin (D) was elected Speaker with 84 votes against 41 for Theodore Roosevelt (R).


106th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On January 11, John C. Jacobs (D) was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate.


106th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On March 14, the Legislature elected William B. Ruggles (Dem.) as Superintendent of Public Instructions, with 94 votes against 52 for Neil Gilmour (Rep.), to succeed Gilmour for a term of three years.


106th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


106th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


106th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 106th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 106th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was also known as the 4th German Regiment.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 106th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio, and mustered in (eight companies) for three years service on August 26, 1862, under the command of Colonel George B. Wright. Companies I and K were mustered in for one year service at Camp Dennison in October 1864.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to 39th Brigade, 12th Division, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. District of Western Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to December 1862. Prisoners of war to March 1863. District of Western Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863. Post of Gallatin, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to May 1864. Unassigned, 4th Division, XX Corps, Department of the Cumberland, Garrison of Bridgeport, Alabama, to July 1864. 3rd Brigade, Defenses of Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, Department of the Cumberland, to February 1865. Stevenson, Alabama, District of North Alabama, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 106th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Nashville, Tennessee, on June 29, 1865.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ordered to Covington. Ky., September 4. Defense of Covington, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio, against Edmund Kirby Smith's threatened attack September 4–12. Ordered to Louisville, Ky., September 18. March to Frankfort, Ky., October 3–9, 1862, and duty there until October 24. March to Bowling Green, Ky., October 24-November 4, then to Glasgow, Ky., November 10. Action near Tompkinsville November 19, Moved to Hartsville, Tenn., November 28. Battle of Hartsville December 7. Regiment captured and paroled. Exchanged January 12, 1863. At Camp Parole, Columbus, Ohio, until March.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ordered to Lexington, Ky., March 24, then to Frankfort, and duty there until May, operating against guerrillas. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., May 1–4, then to Gallatin, Tenn., June, and guard duty along Louisville & Nashville Railroad from Nashville to borders of Kentucky until May 1864. Butler's Mill, near Buck Lodge, June 30 (detachment). Moved to Bridgeport, Ala., May 4, and garrison duty there until January 1865. Skirmish at Cane Creek, Ala., June 10, 1864. At Stevenson, Ala., January to June 1865.


106th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 52 men during service; 3 officers and 27 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 21 enlisted men died of disease.


106th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 106th Pennsylvania (originally raised as the 5th California) was a volunteer infantry regiment which served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was part of the famous Philadelphia Brigade, which helped defend against Pickett's Charge in the Battle of Gettysburg.


106th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment was recruited from Philadelphia between August and October 1861, with the exception of company K, which was transferred from the 27th Pennsylvania Infantry. Turner G. Morehead was selected colonel of the unit, with William L. Curry as lieutenant colonel and John H. Stover as major. It moved to Poolesville, Maryland, where it became part of Edward D. Baker's "California Brigade." The 106th saw its first action at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, on October 21, 1861.


106th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
It was next transferred to the II Corps of the Army of the Potomac. With the rest of George B. McClellan's army, it fought in the Peninsula Campaign. On June 10, Lieutenant Colonel Curry was captured while visiting the picket line. During the Seven Days Battles, the regiment fought at the battles of Savage's Station, Charles City Cross Roads, and Malvern Hill.


106th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
Along with the Army of the Potomac, the 106th was transferred to Washington, D.C., too late to participate in the Second Battle of Bull Run. It did fight at the Battle of Antietam, where it was rushed with the rest of the 2nd Division to the aid of Joseph Hooker's corps in the West Woods. However, division commander John Sedgwick hastened into the fight without taking time to make an adequate reconnaissance. As a result, the division was attacked from three sides and forced to withdraw. The 106th lost one-third of its strength in this battle.


106th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
On July 3, 1863, the third day of fighting at Gettysburg, Companies A and B were sent as skirmishers to the Bliss Farm in front of Cemetery Ridge.


106th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The 106th continued to serve through the Overland Campaign. On July 27, 1864, those eligible for discharge were sent to Washington, D.C., where they performed guard duty until September 10, when they were sent home. The rest of the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of three companies—F, H, and K. This battalion fought through the Appomattox Campaign and was discharged on June 30, 1865.


106th Regiment of Foot (1794)
The 106th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1794 to 1795. It was raised in May 1794 at Norwich, and was disbanded in 1795.


106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers)
The 106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1761 to 1763.


106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers)
On 29 January 1761 Isaac Barré received a commission as lieutenant-colonel and on 17 October of the same year was given a letter of service to raise a regiment of foot. Raised in Ireland, the regiment was duly numbered as the 106th, and it was formed by the regimentation of independent companies. They moved to England in the following year, where they saw service quelling disturbances by tinners in the stannary districts of Devon.


106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers)
The regiment was at its highest strength of over 600 men in November 1762, never reaching its establishment strength of 1034.


106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers)
With the ending of the Seven Years' War the size of the army was reduced, and the regiment was disbanded on 24 April 1763. Barré, who had been elected member of parliament for Chepping Wycombe, was compensated by being appointed Adjutant General on 8 March 1763.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry)
The 106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1862 to 1881, the third to bear the number after the Black Musqueteers (1761–1763) and a regiment raised briefly in 1794. It was formed by renaming the 2nd Bombay European Regiment, formed by the Honourable East India Company in 1839. In 1881 the 106th Regiment was joined with the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) to form the Durham Light Infantry, as its second regular battalion.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Origins
On 29 July 1839 the Honourable East India Company resolved to add a regiment of infantry to each of the armies of the Presidencies (Bengal, Madras and Bombay). The smallest Presidency thus gained the  2nd Bombay (European) Regiment at Pune, based around a cadre of officers and men from the 1st Bombay European Regiment returned from Kharg Island and Aden. The regiment was intended from the start to be a light infantry regiment, and although the order for that was revoked in January 1840, it was reinstated in that November. By that time the regiment was over its establishment strength of 967 officers and men including 87 men from the wreck of the Lord William Bentnick.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Early deployments
The first deployment of the regiment occurred when Sir Charles Napier annexed Sindh using troops from the Bombay presidency. The regiment was used to replace garrison troops used for that expedition and from March 1843, one wing was based in Bhuj, the other wing had been sent to Karachi. By October, 276 out of 437 men of the Buhj wing were sick with malaria. The whole regiment was then moved back to Belgaum in March 1844 to recover.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Early deployments
Later in the year a detachment of 225 officers and men was formed and sent to Kolhapur State, together with other Native, European and Crown forces, after a revolt had broken out over the Company policies in the area. The effects of malaria were still present however, when the detachment was inspected on 16 September before it marched off:


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Early deployments
It did not escape my observation, the delicate and sickly appearance of many of the 200 men from the 2nd Europeans.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Early deployments
Once there however the regiment participated in the storming of Samangarh fort on 12 October, with detachments on both storming columns together with 20th Madras Native Infantry, 23rd Bombay Native Infantry with additional covering riflemen. On 1 December the Regiment's men were also involved in taking Panhala Fort with companies from the 21st Bombay Native Infantry, 16th and 23rd Madras Native Infantry and 2nd Regiment.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Early deployments
That same evening 50 men from the 2nd Europeans with the men from 20th Madras N.I. and the 22nd Regiment forced their way into nearby Pawangarh, with Private Daniels and Bugler Toole, the first men in. On 9 December Rangna fort was evacuated after a stockade before it was broken by a column of 100 men of the regiment in a frontal attack. By the end of the year and into 1845 the force was increasingly dispersed to deal with the many forts on the area and farther away as the rebels dispersed. The regiment's first 'campaign' cost it 13 dead and 31 wounded.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Early deployments
In 1846 the 2nd Europeans were presented with their first colours while at Belgaum. The regiment was then moved from India to the Aden Colony (now in Yemen), relieving the 94th Regiment, returning to India in two wings, one in January 1848 which initially went to Poona and the other in December 1849. The wing in Poona transferred 100 volunteers to its parent regiment which took part in the Second Sikh War. In November 1853, after marching to Karachi, the regiment supplied a cadre of officers and men (together with the 1st regiment) to form the 3rd Bombay European Regiment. In December it was moved again to Hyderabad, where in 1854 it was to suffer from malaria and in December 1855 had its name altered to the 2nd European Regiment, Bombay Light Infantry.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Persia
In 1856 and the outbreak of the Anglo-Persian War (part of the movements in the Great Game), the 2nd Europeans were organised into part of a 2nd Brigade of an expeditionary field force and were sent to Karachi, where they were made up to an establishment of 929 of all ranks. In November they left for the Persian Gulf and landed at Hillilah Bay, south of the port of Bushire on 7 December.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Persia
Intending to capture the port, the expedition commander, Maj. General Stalker assaulted a road block of some 1-2000 tribesman at Reshire with two companies of the 2nd Europeans and two of the 4th Bombay Native Infantry and covered by 3rd Regiment of Bombay Light Cavalry on 9 December. Driving the Tribesmen from the village, the remainder retired to an old Dutch fort, which was surrounded and assaulted by the 2nd Europeans, 64th Regiment and 20th Bombay Native Infantry.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Persia
The next day the ships of the Indian Navy subjected the town of Bushire to bombardment for two hours which led to its surrender as the troops were approaching the walls by land.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Persia
By the beginning of February 1857, after the arrival of a second division and more cavalry, the commander Sir James Outram launched an attack on the Persian's camp at Borazjan. On 3 February, a force of 5000 men set out, with nearly 700 of the 2nd Europeans, on a 46-mile journey with no tents, over harsh terrain. The Persians were surprised on the afternoon of 5 February and fled, their stores and arms were destroyed.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Persia
Returning to Bushire on 7 February the rear guard was attacked by Persian Cavalry at 11p.m., near the village of Koosh-ab and the column circled to protect the baggage train. At daybreak the 2nd Europeans were in the front line of the attack as the Persians fell back under cavalry and artillery assault. The Regiment lost three killed and eight wounded. The Regiment did not take part in the expedition to the Shatt al-Arab and remained at Bushire until 15 May, returning to Karachi at the end of the Month.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Indian Mutiny
The Indian Mutiny had begun in March in the Bengal Presidency, would not see such intensity in the Bombay Presidency, and the Regiment would see a mostly policing role. While in Karachi, 118 men volunteered for the 1st European Regiment and left for Multan on 1 June. Only two of the 32 native infantry battalions mutinied, and only the 27th Bombay Infantry went so far as to kill some of their officers.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Indian Mutiny
The left wing of the Regiment was sent to Bombay in August, and was immediately split up into companies and smaller detachments to police the region at Begalum, Ratnagiri and Kolhapur. In September, the right wing, after disarming the 21st Bombay N.I., was sent to Vengurla, shortly joining the detachment at Begalum, then reinforcing the Kolhapur detachment and sending others to Dharwar and Kaladgi.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Indian Mutiny
The detachment of 100 men sent to Kolhapur arrived on 16 August, and the next day with 450 of the Kolhapur Local Infantry, disarmed the 27th Bombay N.I., a court-marshal convicted 21 of the leading mutineers. These men were executed with eight of them being blown from cannon  The detachment was reinforced by 67 men from Begalum and Ratnagiri, and on 5–6 December succeeded in suppressing a rising in the city with the loss of only two men.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Indian Mutiny
In February 1858 a detachment of 89 men from Kaladgi joined a field force which left the boundaries of the Bombay Presidency for Shorapur, only to find a rising there defeated by other company forces.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service
As a consequence of the mutiny, in August "An Act for the Better Governance of India" was passed in the British Parliament, it reached the troops in India in a proclamation on 1 November. The Company forces were now to be Crown forces, this precipitated the White mutiny over the terms of enlistment in many of the newer Company regiments. Men who did not wish to become Crown soldiers were allowed to take their discharges, and from the 2nd Europeans 379 men did so in July 1859, leaving for England from Goa.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service
On 3 November 1859 the Regiment was renamed Her Majesty's 2nd Regiment of Bombay European Light Infantry, and presented with new colours in November 1860 in Bombay, which included the generous allocation of battle honours from the Persian expedition granted in October 1858. During 1859 and 1860 there was much debate on the future of the former Company regiments, "amalgamation" with the British Army, with service anywhere in the Empire and being based in Britain were seen as the only option for the Companies European forces.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service
The 101st to the 109th Regiments were thus created, based on the older Company regiments, with the remains of younger Company regiments, such as the 4th, 5th and 6th Bombay Europeans filling their ranks. On 30 July 1862, while in the unhealthy station of Mimach in Rajputana, the 11 officers and 501 men of the 2nd Europeans became Her Majesty's 106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light infantry).


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service
The Regiment stayed in Nimach until January 1864, moving to Nasirabad where it suffered a cholera outbreak losing 10 men. In 1867 the Regiment marched 600 miles to Main Mir where it suffered more seriously from cholera losing 53 men.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service, 1866 Jervis court-martial
On 25 June 1866, the Regiment's Captain Ernest Scott Jervis, was court-martialed. He was found guilty of insubordination, but acquitted on charges of misappropriating goods, which included the Commander-in-Chief of the forces in India's mutton and pickles. The Court found that he be should dismissed from service but also recommended mercy. The Commander-in-Chief, Sir William Mansfield, instead had Jervis dismissed and his name 'struck off the returns' of the 106th. The case was widely reported and the process, and Mansfield himself, were subject to criticism over the way the matter was handled. Mansfield, it was said:


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service, 1866 Jervis court-martial
...has hunted his victim, to ruin with a ruthless and persevering energy which could not have been exceeded if it had been directed against the enemies of his country ... It is impossible to believe that a man who could so stultify himself and disgrace his high office and his English blood can be allowed to retain the all but most responsible post in India.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service, 1866 Jervis court-martial
In September, 1867, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (military head of the British Army), sent a dispatch to Mansfield in which he severely rebuked him, but also censured 'in the strongest terms, the reprehensible insubordination' of Jervis. The following month, the matter was raised in the British parliament, with further criticism of Mansfield, but a vote to restore Jervis to his position was defeated 60 to 48.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service, To Britain
The effects of cholera, the discharge of older men from Company days and the arrival of large drafts from the Regiment's Depot, which had been moving around Britain (including Ireland) as a normal Crown Depot, sped the assimilation into the British Army. The Regiment moved to Ambala in 1867 and then to Jhansi in 1870.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service, To Britain
The localisation scheme of the Cardwell Reforms resulted in the Regiment being paired with the 68th Regiment, and assigned to district no. 3 at Sunderland Barracks in Sunderland, where it was to share premises with the Depots of the 68th and the District Brigade the next year. In December 1873, 20 officers and 672 men (with 52 women and 102 children) embarked at Bombay for Portsmouth.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Crown Service, To Britain
While stationed on the Isle of Wight new colours were presented by the Princess Royal on 14 August 1874, with the 1860 colours laid up at St. Thomas' church in Newport. In 1879 while at Preston, the Regiment sent 455 men to its linked regiment while it was in India. In March 1880, now only 16 officers and 381 men strong, the regiment was transferred to Ireland.


106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry), History, Amalgamation
On 1 July 1881, while the regiment was in the Royal Barracks in Dublin, the men were paraded and informed that as part of the Childers Reforms they were now amalgamated with the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) into one regiment, to become the 2nd Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry.


106th Rescue Wing
The 106th Rescue Wing (106th RQW) is a unit of the New York Air National Guard, stationed at Francis S. Gabreski Air National Guard Base, Westhampton Beach, New York. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.


106th Rescue Wing
The Wing's Operations Group consists of three squadrons: the 101st Rescue Squadron, which uses the HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter; the 102d Rescue Squadron, which uses the HC-130J Combat King II airplane; and the 103d Rescue Squadron, which is made up of Air Force Pararescuemen (PJs) that use both aircraft.


106th Rescue Wing
The 102d Rescue Squadron is a descendant organization of the World War I 102d Aero Squadron, established on 23 August 1917. It was reformed on 4 November 1922, as the 102d Observation Squadron, and is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. The squadron has a history going back to 30 April 1908, and is the oldest unit of the New York Air National Guard.


106th Rescue Wing, Overview
The 106th Rescue Wing deploys worldwide to provide combat search and rescue coverage for U.S. and allied forces. Combat search and rescue missions include flying low-level, preferably at night aided with night vision goggles, to an objective area where aerial refueling of a rescue helicopter is performed, or pararescue teams are deployed.


106th Rescue Wing, Overview
During peacetime, the unit also provides search and rescue services to the maritime community, supports the US Coast Guard in missions outside their capabilities as well as NASA.


106th Rescue Wing, Units
The 106th Rescue Wing consists of the following major units:


106th Rescue Wing, Units
* Note: In 2004, Air Force Special Operations Command re-organized Air National Guard rescue wings, establishing separate squadrons for fixed-wing, helicopter and pararescue


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
Constituted as 394th Bombardment Group (Medium) on 15 February 1943. Activated on 5 March 1943. Trained with B-26's. Moved to RAF Boreham England, February–March 1944, and assigned to Ninth Air Force. Their group marking was a white diagonal band across the fin and rudder.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
When the first Martin B-26 Marauders of the Group arrived some hardstands and buildings were still being built. Operations commenced only 12 days after the majority of the group arrived with the initial mission being flown on 23 March.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
In the weeks that followed, the 394th was repeatedly sent to attack bridges in occupied France and the Low Countries, which led to its dubbing itself 'The Bridge Busters'. A total of 96 missions, on which 5,453 tons of bombs were dropped, were flown from Boreham before the 394th was moved on 24 July to RAF Holmsley South in the New Forest due to the urgent requirement of IX Bomber Command to extend the radius of action of part of its Martin B-26 Marauder force.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
There was no break in operations at this critical period when the Saint-Lô offensive was underway. The 394th received a Distinguished Unit Citation for its work during the period 7–9 August, when it made a series of attacks against heavily defended targets, destroying four rail bridges and devastating an ammunition dump.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
It was during a bridge attack on 9 August that the Lead B-26, piloted by Captain Darrell Lindsey, was hit by flak and the right engine set alight. Although knowing that the fuel tanks were likely to catch fire and explode, Lindsey did not waver from leading the bomb run or order his crew to bail out until after bombs had been released. The bombardier offered to lower the nosewheel so that Lindsey might escape through the nose hatch but, knowing the likelihood of his losing control if this was done, Lindsey ordered the bombardier to jump. Lindsey did not escape before the aircraft crashed.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
The award of a posthumous Medal of Honor was the only occasion that this highest US award for bravery went to a Ninth Air Force bomber crewman serving in the ETO. All told, six 394th B-26s were lost in operations from Holmsley South. The group's aircraft began to move to the airfield at Tour-en-Bessin in France (A-13) on 21 August and the last personnel left Holmesley South on the 31st.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
On the continent the group hit strong points at Brest and then began to operate against targets in Germany. Took part in the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944 – January 1945, by hitting communications to deprive the enemy of supplies and reinforcements. Bombed transportation, storage facilities, and other objectives until the war ended; also dropped propaganda leaflets.


106th Rescue Wing, History, World War II
By VE-Day, the 394th was based at Venlo (Y-55) in the southeastern Netherlands. The group remained in the theater to serve with United States Air Forces in Europe as part of the army of occupation at Kitzingen, Germany. It was transferred, without personnel and equipment, to the United States on 15 February 1946 and was inactivated on 31 March 1946.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
The wartime 394th Bombardment Group was re-designated as the 106th Bombardment Group (Light), and was allotted to the New York Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn, New York, and was extended federal recognition on 21 March 1947 and activated by the National Guard Bureau. The 106th Bombardment Group was bestowed the lineage, history, honors, and colors of the 394th Bombardment Group. It was assigned to the NY Air National Guard 52d Fighter Wing.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
The Group was assigned the 106th and 114th Bombardment Squadrons, both equipped with B-26 Invader attack bombers. Its mission was to train in proficiency with the B-26 and obtain operational readiness with the weapons system. In the postwar era, the Air National Guard was like a flying club for the many World War II veterans that filled its ranks. Parts were no problem and many of the maintenance personnel were experienced from wartime duty so readiness was quite high and the planes were often much better maintained than their USAF counterparts.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
A pilot could often show up at the field, check out an aircraft and go flying. However, the unit also had regular military exercises that kept up proficiency and in gunnery and bombing contests they would often score at least as well or better than active-duty USAF units, given the fact that most ANG pilots were World War II combat veterans.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard
In October 1950, the Air National Guard converted to the wing-base (Hobson Plan) organization. As a result, the 52d Fighter Wing was withdrawn from the Air National Guard and inactivated on 31 October 1950. The 106th Bombardment Wing was activated as one of two new NY ANG Wings (the other being the 107th Fighter Wing at Niagara Falls Airport) which replaced it, both reporting directly to the New York National Guard Adjutant general in Albany.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Korean War activation
With the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's complete lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized placed on active duty on 1 February 1951. The 102d and 114th's B-26 light attack bombers were sent to Fifth Air Force in Japan for use in the Korean War, and the 106th Bomb Group was federalized and assigned to Strategic Air Command. On 28 March 1951, the Wing was deployed less equipment to March Air Force Base, California.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Korean War activation
The 106th was re-equipped with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses and given the mission to train reservist crewmen to back-fill rotating B-29 combat crews serving in Korea. While the air guardsmen were undergoing training they were paid on the lesser reserve pay scale. The personnel and equipment at March were re-designated as the 320th Bombardment Wing in December 1952 and the 106th Bomb Wing was returned to New York state control.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
With its return to New York state control in 1953, the 106th was again equipped with B-26 Invaders, the aircraft being returned from combat duty in Korea. The 102d trained in proficiency with the attack bomber until the removal of the B-26 from bombing duties in 1956 as neared the end of their service lives.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
The 106th was transferred from Tactical Air Command to Air Defense Command (ADC) and assumed an air defense mission over Long Island and New York City, entering the Jet Age with the limited all-weather F-94B Starfire interceptor. With the Starfire, the 102d began standing end of runway air defense alert, ready to launch interceptors if ADC Ground Intercept Radar picked up an unidentified target. The squadron stood air defense alert from one hour before sunrise until one hour after sunset every day, 365 days a year. In 1957, ADC upgraded the 102d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron to the all-weather F-86D Sabre Interceptor. With the receipt of the F-86D, the alert mission was extended to 24 hours a day/7 days a week/365 days a year.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
In 1956, Lt. Col. Norma Parsons made military and National Guard history when she became the first woman member of the National Guard, the first woman member of the Air National Guard, and the first woman to be commissioned in the Air National Guard.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
The State of New York was notified by HQ United States Air Force on 26 September 1957 that support for the 114th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron would be ended due to fiscal constraints. Despite protests from the Governor of New York State that this was in violation of the law with respect to State militia units, the Air Force eventually prevailed and the 114th FIS was inactivated on 30 September 1958.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
As a result of an agreement between the New York Governor's office and the Air Force, under which the State accepted a new aeromedical transport assignment, thereby preserving the military-reserve careers of most of the 106th personnel and, at the same time, provided the State with a valuable airlift potential. The new 106th Aeromedical Transport Group was reassigned to Military Air Transport Service (MATS), The 106th worked closely with the 1st Aeromedical Transport Group at Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, a regular Air Force unit.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
Initially equipped with specialized MC-119J Flying Boxcars configured for transport of wounded and injured, the 102d Aeromedical Transport Squadron airlifted critically injured and sick personnel until 1964. With air transportation recognized as a critical wartime need, the 102d was re-designated the 102d Air Transport Squadron (Heavy) in January 1964 and equipped with C-97 Stratofreighter heavy transports..  With the C-97s, the 102d augmented MATS airlift capability worldwide in support of the Air Force's needs in Europe. It also flew scheduled MATS transport missions to Europe, Africa the Caribbean and South America.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
With the acquisition of KC-97 Stratotankers from Strategic Air Command, the 104th was transferred back to Tactical Air Command in September 1969 and the 106th became an air refueling group. Its mission was to provide aerial refueling to tactical fighters. With the KC-97 being a variant of the C-97 Stratofreighter the conversion of the unit from transports to refueling aircraft was easily accomplished, the squadron receiving the KC-97Ls with addition of jet engine pods mounted to the outboard wings.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
It rotated personnel and aircraft to West Germany as part of Operation Creek Party, a continuous rotational mission flying from Rhein Main Air Base, West Germany, providing air refueling to United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) tactical aircraft. The success of this operation, which would continue until 1972, demonstrated the ability of the Air National Guard to perform significant day-to-day missions without being mobilized.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Cold War
In 1969, the Air Force closed Suffolk County Air Force Base and the NYANG relocated there. The 102d Air Refueling Squadron returned to Air Defense Command in 1972 and again became an air defense unit. The 102d was re-equipped with the F-102A Delta Dagger, which was being replaced in the active duty interceptor force by the F-106. The Mach-2 "Deuce", still a very potent interceptor, served with the 106th FIG until June 1975, when Aerospace Defense Command was reducing the USAF interceptor force as the threat of Soviet Bombers attacking the United States was deemed remote.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
The 102d converted to an Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron in 1975, flying Sikorsky HH-3E rescue helicopters and HC-130 Hercules tankers for in-flight refueling. The squadron's base on Long Island enables it to act as the only Air Force rescue organization in the northeastern United States. It upgraded its inventory to provide a capability for long range over-water missions using the aerial refueling capabilities of the HC-130s and Sikorsky HH-60G Pave Hawk rescue helicopters.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
After the midair explosion of the Space Shuttle "Challenger" in 1986, the 106th Rescue Wing was designated to provide support for every shuttle launch thereafter.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
In October 1991, an HH-60 and a tanker flew to an endangered sailboat about 250 miles south of its base. The Pave Hawk and HC-130 dropped survival gear to the vessel, which was riding out the storm, and began their return to base. Both aircraft encountered severe weather conditions and the helicopter was unable to take on fuel.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
The HH-60 was forced to ditch in the Atlantic Ocean about 60 miles south of the base in what would later become known as "the Perfect Storm", and all but one member of the crew were saved by the crew of the United States Coast Guard cutter Tamaroa. Technical Sergeant Arden Smith, a pararescueman (PJ), lost his life fulfilling the squadron's motto That Others May Live. The mission was recounted in both a best-selling book and major motion picture.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
From 1991 to 2002, the 102d RS deployed personnel and aircraft to support Operation Northern Watch in Turkey and Operation Southern Watch in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. While supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom, the squadron made its first two combat rescues on 2 November 2003 by using a hydraulic rescue tool to extricate two injured soldiers trapped in the burning wreckage of an Army CH-47 Chinook helicopter shot down near Fallujah.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
The 102d RS received international recognition when two aircrews and PJs of the squadron successfully completed the "longest over-water rescue with a helicopter in aviation history" in December 1994, a mission in which a pair of HH-60s flew to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and then 750 miles out over the Atlantic Ocean to search for survivors of the Ukrainian cargo ship Salvador Allende. A search of the area located the last survivor, and PJ TSGT James Dougherty jumped into the ocean to effect the rescue. During the 15-hour mission, the two helicopter crews were refueled in flight 10 times by HC-130s. The rescue was made famous by the book Pararescue: The True Story of an Incredible Rescue at Sea and the Heroes Who Pulled It Off, written by Michael Hirsh


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
The 106th Rescue Wing has assisted the state in battling the 1995 "Sunrise Wildfires" in the Hamptons, they were first on the scene after the crash of TWA Flight 800, and the recovery of the wreckage from the plane flown by John F. Kennedy Jr., which crashed into the Atlantic Ocean in 1999. The squadron located the transponder of the wreckage of the plane underwater.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
On 11 September 2001, the first ANG personnel on scene at World Trade Center were those of the 106th Rescue Wing.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
In 2004, Air Force Special Operations Command re-organized Air National Guard rescue wings, establishing separate squadrons for fixed-wing, helicopter and pararescue. The squadron transferred its HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopters to the 101st Rescue Squadron; its pararescue personnel to the 103d Rescue Squadron.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
In October 2006, all Air Force combat search and rescue forces were reassigned back to Air Combat Command.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
October 2012 saw 150 Airmen of the 106th Rescue Wing deploy as part of more than 2,300 Soldiers and Airmen to prepare flood defences before Subtropical Storm Sandy made landfall.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
Between 6 Sep and Sept. 2017 the wing deployed 126 Airmen, three HH-60 Pave Hawk helicopters and two HC-130 search and rescue aircraft to the Caribbean in the aftermath hurricanes Maria and Irma. The unit flew cargo missions delivering vital aid to U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and its aircraft took part in the evacuation of American civilians from St. Maarten.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
On 15 March 2018 four of the wing's guardsmen were killed when the HH-60G Pave Hawk rescue helicopter they were flying crashed near the city of Al-Qa'im in western Iraq. The personnel were deployed as part of Operation Inherent Resolve, the American-led coalition operation to defeat ISIS in Iraq and Syria.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
During September 2018 the 106th deploy aircraft and personnel to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware and Naval Air Station Oceana at Norfolk, Virginia to rescue civilians in The Carolinas after Hurricane Florence had struck.


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
On 17 May 2019 the wing took delivery of the first of four new HC-130J Combat King IIs named "Spirit of Long Island". They will replace the wing's aging HC-130P/Ns


106th Rescue Wing, History, New York Air National Guard, Rescue mission
July 2019 saw the wing take part in Exercise Northern Strike 2019 at the Camp Grayling Joint Maneuver Training Center and the Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center, both in northern Michigan.


106th Signal Brigade (United States)
The 106th Signal Brigade is an Army signal command located at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. Its mission is to secure and defend the western portion of Army networks in the contiguous United States.


106th Signal Brigade (United States), History
The 106th Signal Brigade traces its history back to Birmingham Army Air Base, Alabama where it was constituted as the 932rd Signal Battalion and activated on 15 February 1943. Its mission was supporting Army Air Corps operations. In April 1944 the 932rd was reorganized and re-designated as the 932rd Signal Battalion. The 932rd served in Europe during World War II. The unit returned to the United States in October 1945 and was inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.


106th Signal Brigade (United States), History
The 932rd was re-activated 12 August 1963 at Camp des Loges near Paris, France and re-designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 106th Signal Group as part of US Army Europe. It was assigned to US Army Strategic Communications Command (USASCC) on 1 July 1964. The unit remained in France until March 1967 when it was relocated to Stuttgart, Germany. The 106th was inactivated in Germany in November 1967.


106th Signal Brigade (United States), History
On 16 October 1991, the 106th was again re-activated, this time in Corozal, Panama, re-designated as the 106th Signal Brigade, and assigned to US Army Information Systems Command (USAISC) providing strategic and tactical communications support to the US Army South (USARSO) and US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM). The Brigade was inactivated in October 1997 as part of the provisions of the Panama Treaty of 1977.


106th Signal Brigade (United States), History
On 16 July 2008, the 106th Signal Brigade was reorganized and re-activated at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, as part of the 7th Signal Command (Theater).


106th Street station (IRT Third Avenue Line)
106th Street was an express station on the demolished IRT Third Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City. The station was opened on December 30, 1878, and had two levels. The lower level had two tracks and two side platforms and served local trains. The upper level had one track and two side platforms over the local tracks on the lower level and served express trains. It was built as part of the Dual Contracts. The express run from this stop to 42nd Street was the longest express segment out of all New York City elevated lines, bypassing eight local stations. This station closed on May 12, 1955, with the ending of all service on the Third Avenue El south of 149th Street.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway)
106th Street is a planned station along the IND Second Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It would be located at the intersection of Second Avenue and 106th Street in East Harlem, Manhattan. Proposed since 1968, the station is expected to be built by 2027–2029 as part of Phase 2 of the Second Avenue Subway. When opened, it will initially be served by the Q train, with the T train providing service when Phase 3 of the line is built.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), History, Background
The Second Avenue Line was originally proposed in 1919 as part of a massive expansion of what would become the Independent Subway System (IND). Work on the line never commenced, as the Great Depression crushed the economy. Numerous plans for the Second Avenue Subway appeared throughout the 20th century, but these were usually deferred due to lack of funds. In anticipation of the never-built new subway line, the Second and Third Avenue elevated lines were demolished in 1942 and 1955, respectively. The Second Avenue Elevated had a station at 105th Street, and the Third Avenue Elevated had a stop on nearby Third Avenue at 106th Street.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), History, Unrealized proposals
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority proposed a full-length Second Avenue Subway as part of its 1968 Program for Action. The line was to be built in two phases—the first phase from 126th to 34th Streets, the second phase from 34th to Whitehall Streets. The line's planned stops in Manhattan, spaced farther apart than those on existing subway lines, proved controversial; the Second Avenue line was criticized as a "rich man's express, circumventing the Lower East Side with its complexes of high-rise low- and middle-income housing and slums in favor of a silk stocking route." There was to be a station at 106th Street, but the next station north would be at 125th Street and the next station south would be at 86th Street. In a planning report, a possible 106th Street station had already been confirmed.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), History, Unrealized proposals
All Second Avenue Subway stations built under the Program for Action would have included escalators, high intensity lighting, improved audio systems, platform edge strips, and non-slip floors to accommodate the needs of the elderly and people with disabilities, but no elevators. Space at each station would have been used for ancillary facilities. The stations were to be made with brick walls and pavers alongside stainless steel, and would have relatively small dimensions, with 10-foot (3.0 m) mezzanine ceilings. Johnson & Hanchard received a contract for the design of the 106th Street station.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), History, Unrealized proposals
A combination of Federal and State funding was obtained, and despite the controversy over the number of stops and route, a groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 27, 1972 at Second Avenue and 103rd Street. Construction began shortly thereafter on what was to be the 99th–105th Streets segment, which was projected to cost $17.48 million (worth about $108,148,000 today).


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), History, Unrealized proposals
However, the city soon experienced its most dire fiscal crisis yet, due to the stagnant economy of the early 1970s, combined with the massive outflow of city residents to the suburbs, and in September 1975, construction on the line stopped, and the tunnels were sealed. Over the next few decades, the MTA regularly inspected and maintained the tunnel segments (spending $20,000 a year by the early 1990s), to maintain the structural integrity of the streets above, and in case construction would ever resume. Trespassers would often camp in the tunnels until the MTA increased security.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), History, Unrealized proposals
In 1999, the Regional Plan Association recommended building a full-length Second Avenue Subway, which would include 106th Street as one of its planned 31 stations. The station would serve southern East Harlem.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction
In March 2007, the Second Avenue Subway was revived. The line's first phase, the "first major expansion" to the New York City Subway in more than a half-century, included three stations in total and cost $4.45 to $4.5 billion, spanning from 105th Street and Second Avenue to 63rd Street and Third Avenue. Phase 1 opened on January 1, 2017, with the line's northern terminal at 96th Street.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction
The second phase, between 125th and 96th Streets, was allocated $525 million in the MTA's 2015–2019 Capital Plan for planning, design, environmental studies, and utility relocation. This phase will complete the project's East Harlem section. The alignment will run under Second Avenue to 124th Street, before turning west on 125th Street. On October 18, 2016, the de Blasio administration announced a rezoning plan for East Harlem. One of the three Special Transit Land Use (TA) districts is for the area of the 106th Street station.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction
On November 21, 2016, the MTA requested that the Phase 2 project be entered into the Project Development phase under the Federal Transit Administration's New Starts program. On December 15, several elected officials for the area announced that they were seeking $6 billion of funding for Phase 2 of the line, including $2 billion from the federal government. These officials wished to secure funding from the presidential administration of Barack Obama before Obama's term ended on January 20, 2017.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction
In their request for funding, they cited that they wanted to avoid an uncertain response from the administration of Donald Trump and start construction on Phase 2 as soon as possible. The FTA granted this request in late December 2016. Under the approved plan, the MTA would complete an environmental reevaluation by 2018, receive funding by 2020, and open Phase 2 between 2027 and 2029. In January 2017, it was announced that Phases 2 and 3, which are expected to cost up to a combined $14.2 billion, were on the Trump administration's priority list of 50 most important transportation projects nationwide.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction
In July 2018, the MTA released a supplemental environmental assessment for Phase 2 of the Second Avenue Subway. The updated report indicated that the 106th Street station would be relocated about 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 m) east and 50 feet (15 m) south compared to what had been proposed in the 2004 FEIS, in order to circumvent existing infrastructure under Second Avenue.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction
Because the station is located below the surface, there would be less space to build utility rooms underground compared to deep-level Phase 1 stations, and so the ancillary facilities would be larger than in the Phase 1 stations. Both ancillaries had to be relocated, since the locations outlined in the 2004 FEIS were no longer feasible for demolition. The entrances were also enlarged for easier access from Second Avenue, and an entrance at 108th Street and Second Avenue was relocated from the southeast corner to the northeast. Under the new plan, the station would also include extra elevators in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Whereas Phase 1 stations only included elevators at one entrance, the 106th and 116th Street stations would both include elevators at two entrances.


106th Street station (Second Avenue Subway), Current construction, Current plans
Track maps on the MTA's website show that 106th Street will have two tracks and one island platform. The station would be approximately 52 feet (16 m) deep. Under current plans, there are to be two exits. One exit would be at the northeast corner of 106th Street and Second Avenue; the other would be at the northeast corner of 108th Street and Second Avenue. Under the original plan, two ancillaries would have been present on Second Avenue at the northeast corners of 105th and 108th Streets. As of July 2018, the ancillary at 105th Street was relocated to the southeast corner of 106th Street, while the ancillary at the northeast corner of 108th Street was relocated to the northwest corner of 109th Street.


106th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 106th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Colored Troops, formed during the American Civil War. It was organized as the  4th Alabama Volunteer Infantry Regiment (African Descent) in late March 1864, and redesignated as the 106th United States Colored Infantry in May. The regiment spent its service on garrison duty at Pulaski, Tennessee, guarding railroads. It was consolidated into the 40th United States Colored Infantry Regiment in November 1865.


106th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
Organized at Decatur, Alabama, and mustered in on March 31, 1864. The regiment was placed on garrison duty at Pulaski, Tennessee, to May, 1864. It was redesignated as the 106th United States Colored Infantry Regiment on May 16, 1864 when USCT units received federal designations.


106th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
The 106th continued serving with the District of North Alabama, part of the Department of the Cumberland, until February 1865, when it was transferred to the Defenses of Nashville and the Northwestern Railroad in the same department. For this period the regiment continued garrisoning Pulaski and guarding railroads. Between September 23 and 24, 1864, it fought against Nathan Bedford Forrest's attack on Athens, Alabama, which became known as the Battle of Sulphur Creek Trestle. After the end of the war, the regiment was consolidated into the 40th United States Colored Infantry Regiment on November 7, 1865.


106th United States Congress
The 106th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1999, to January 3, 2001, during the last two years of Bill Clinton's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990. Both chambers maintained a Republican majority.


106th United States Congress, Members, Senate
In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 2000; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 2002; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 2004.


106th United States Congress, Members, House of Representatives
Alabama — Alaska — Arizona — Arkansas — California — Colorado — Connecticut — Delaware — Florida — Georgia — Hawaii — Idaho — Illinois — Indiana — Iowa — Kansas — Kentucky — Louisiana — Maine — Maryland — Massachusetts — Michigan — Minnesota — Mississippi — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — Nevada — New Hampshire — New Jersey — New Mexico — New York — North Carolina — North Dakota — Ohio — Oklahoma — Oregon — Pennsylvania — Rhode Island — South Carolina — South Dakota — Tennessee — Texas — Utah — Vermont — Virginia — Washington — West Virginia — Wisconsin — Wyoming — Non-voting members


106th United States Congress, Committees
For members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.


106th Virginia General Assembly
The 106th Virginia General Assembly was the meeting of the legislative branch of the Virginia state government from 1910 to 1912, after the 1909 state elections. It convened in Richmond for one session.


106th meridian east
The meridian 106° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


106th meridian east
The 106th meridian east forms a great circle with the 74th meridian west.


106th meridian east, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 106th meridian east passes through:


106th meridian west
The meridian 106° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.


106th meridian west
106°W is the Third Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey in Canada.


106th meridian west
The 106th meridian west forms a great circle with the 74th meridian east.


106th meridian west, From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 106th meridian west passes through:


107 (number)
107 (one hundred [and] seven) is the natural number following 106 and preceding 108.


107 (number), In mathematics
107 is the 28th prime number. The next prime is 109, with which it comprises a twin prime, making 107 a Chen prime.


107 (number), In mathematics
Plugged into the equation 2p−1{\displaystyle 2^{p}-1}, 107 yields 162259276829213363391578010288127, a Mersenne prime. 107 is itself a safe prime.


107 (number), In mathematics
It is the fourth Busy beaver number, the maximum number of steps that any Turing machine with 2 symbols and 4 states can make before eventually halting.


107 (number), In other fields
As "one hundred and seven", it is the smallest positive integer requiring six syllables in English (without the "and" it only has five syllables and seventy-seven is a smaller 5-syllable number).


107 Aquarii
107 Aquarii (abbreviated 107 Aqr) is a double star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 107 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation i2 Aquarii. The pair have an angular separation of 6.787 arcseconds. They have a combined apparent visual magnitude of +5.305, with individual magnitudes of 5.72 and 6.72. The annual parallax shift is 13.66 milliarcseconds with an 8% margin of error. This indicates the system is at a distance of around 240 light-years (74 parsecs) from Earth.


107 Avenue, Edmonton
107 Avenue is a major arterial road in west-central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves Edmonton's west side industrial district, neighbourhoods of the former Town of Jasper Place (amalgamated with Edmonton in 1964), the multicultural area north of Downtown Edmonton, Commonwealth Stadium, and adjacent park & ride transit centre. The portion between 95 and 116 Streets has been dubbed "Avenue of Nations", as immigrants from around the world live in this area, including African Nations, Arabic Nations, Cambodia, China, First Nations, Italy, Japan, Latin American, Poland, Ukraine, and Vietnam. Also, Chinatown lies just south of Avenue of Nations. 107 Avenue changes names at 101 Street to 107A Avenue. 107A Avenue changes names at 92 Street to Stadium Road. Stadium Road changes names at 112 Avenue to 86 Street (Fort Road).


107 Avenue, Edmonton, Neighbourhoods
List of neighbourhoods 107 Avenue runs through, in order from west to east.


107 Avenue, Edmonton, Major intersections
This is a list of major intersections, starting at the west end of 107 Avenue. The entire route is in Edmonton.


107 BC
Year 107 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ravilla and Marius (or, less frequently, year 647 Ab urbe condita) and the Fourth Year of Yuanfeng. The denomination 107 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


107 Camilla
Camilla (minor planet designation: 107 Camilla) is one of the largest asteroids from the outermost edge of the asteroid belt, approximately 220 kilometers (140 miles). It is a member of the Sylvia family and located within the Cybele group. It was discovered on 17 November 1868, by English astronomer Norman Pogson at Madras Observatory, India, and named after Camilla, Queen of the Volsci in Roman mythology. The X-type asteroid is a rare trinary asteroid with two minor-planet moons discovered in 2001 and 2016, respectively. It is elongated in shape and has a short rotation period of 4.8 hours.


107 Camilla, Physical characteristics
Camilla has a very dark surface and primitive carbonaceous composition.


107 Camilla, Physical characteristics
A large number of rotational lightcurves of have been obtained from photometric observations since the 1980s. Best rated results gave a short rotation period of 4.844 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.32 and 0.53 magnitude.


107 Camilla, Physical characteristics
Lightcurve analysis indicates that Camilla's pole most likely points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (+51°, 72°) with a 10° uncertainty, which gives it an axial tilt of 29°. Follow-up modeling of photometric data gave similar results.


107 Camilla, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
10μ radiometric data collected from Kitt Peak in 1975 gave a first diameter estimate of 209 km. According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, as well as observations by the Keck Observatory and photometric modeling, Camilla measures between 185 and 247 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.160 and 0.294.


107 Camilla, Satellites
Camilla is the 6th trinary asteroid that has been discovered in the asteroid belt, after 87 Sylvia, 45 Eugenia, 216 Kleopatra, 93 Minerva and 130 Elektra.


107 Camilla, Satellites, First satellite
On 1 March 2001, a minor-planet moon of Camilla was found by A. Storrs, F. Vilas, R. Landis, E. Wells, C. Woods, B. Zellner, and M. Gaffey using the Hubble Space Telescope. It has been designated S/2001 (107) 1 but has not yet received an official name.


107 Camilla, Satellites, First satellite
Later observations in September 2005 with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) allowed the determination of an orbit. Apart from data in infobox, the inclination was found to be 3 ± 1° with respect to an axis pointing towards (β, λ) = (+55°, 75°). Given the ~10° uncertainty in the actual rotational axis of Camilla, one can say that the orbit's inclination is less than 10°.


107 Camilla, Satellites, First satellite
The satellite is estimated to measure about 11 km in diameter. Assuming a similar density to the primary, this would give it an approximate mass of ~1.5×1015 kg. It has a similar colour to the primary.


107 Camilla, Satellites, Second satellite
In 2016, the discovery of a second satellite of Camilla was reported by astronomers at Cerro Paranal's Very Large Telescope in Chile. It has the provisional designation S/2016 (107) 1.


107 Camilla, Satellites, Second satellite
Observations were taken between 29 May 2015 and 30 July 2016, using the VLT-SPHERE, the principal instrument attached to the 8-meter "Melipal" (UT3) unit of the VLT. On 3 out of 5 observation sessions, the new satellite could be detected. The body's orbit has a semi-major axis of 340 kilometers.


107 Camilla, Satellites, Second satellite
The "Johnstonsarchive" estimates an orbital period of 12 hours, and derives a diameter for the second satellite of 3.5±0.5 kilometers with a tertiary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of 0.016±0.002.


107 JACK FM (Berkshire)
107 JACK fm Berkshire was an Independent Local Radio station in the English town of Reading. The station was based at studios in the Madejski Stadium, home of Reading F.C. and London Irish. The station's transmitter is located on the Tilehurst Water Tower.


107 JACK FM (Berkshire)
In August 2017 it was rebranded as The Breeze (Reading). The DAB version of the station was then rebranded as SAM FM shortly afterwards.


107 JACK FM (Berkshire), On air
Like all other Jack FM stations in the United Kingdom, the radio station was mostly an automated service with Paul Darrow providing topical one-liners in between songs as the voice of Jack, plus there was a weekday breakfast show "Jack's Morning Glory" with Robin Banks, and there's also the "Sunday Roast" on Sunday lunchtime with Sir John Madejski who interviews notable local people.


107 JACK FM (Berkshire), History
The consortium behind Reading 107 FM submitted its bid for a local commercial radio station in September 2001 and the licence was awarded by Ofcom in March 2002. Reading 107 first broadcast at 8am on 22 October 2002. The first presenter was launch programme controller Tim Grundy and the first song was "Listen to the Music" by The Doobie Brothers.


107 JACK FM (Berkshire), History
In August 2005 Guardian Media Group (GMG) increased its shareholding in Reading 107 FM from 37.8% to a controlling stake of 60.3% when Milestone Radio Group decided to sell; the remaining shareholding being owned by the Goodhead Group plc, a company controlled by Reading Football club chairman Sir John Madejski. In December 2005 Reading 107 FM changed control again, this time from GMG to Madejski Communications Limited. Reading 107 flipped format to 107 JACK FM Berkshire on 2 March 2014.


107 Meridian FM
107 Meridian FM is a community radio station broadcasting to the West Sussex town of East Grinstead and its surrounding area.


107 Meridian FM, History
The station, a non-profit organisation, is run by around 100 unpaid volunteers and made its first 28-day restricted service licence broadcast in December 2006, followed by a couple more in May and December 2007.


107 Meridian FM, History
Originally limited to two restricted service licence broadcasts each year, Meridian FM was awarded a full-time community radio licence by Ofcom in July 2009. The station then continued to stream over the internet via its website, whilst raising funds for the additional equipment needed for broadcast.


107 Meridian FM, History
In February 2010, Ofcom inspected and approved the studios and transmission equipment, and 107 Meridian FM started officially broadcasting over 107Mhz FM on 1 March 2010 at 7am GMT. The station also broadcasts globally online.


107 Meridian FM, History
In early 2015, Ofcom approved the renewal of 107 Meridian FM's broadcast licence until 2020. In early 2020, the broadcast licence was renewed until 2025. The studios were originally located in East Court Mansion together with the East Grinstead Town Council offices, but moved to the Jubilee Community Centre in Charlwoods Road in January 2010.


107 Meridian FM, History
The station takes its name from the Greenwich Prime Meridian which runs through East Grinstead. It is unconnected with television broadcaster ITV Meridian.


107 Meridian FM, History
The station is funded by membership fees, donations, advertising and sponsorship from local and national businesses.


107 Meridian FM, Awards
In 2016, The Business Show won a Bronze Award for Community Radio Show of the Year at the Community Radio Awards.


107 Meridian FM, Awards
In 2017, Lila Bellamy won a Bronze Award for Young Person of the Year at the Community Radio Awards.


107 Meridian FM, Awards
In 2018, the Spirit of Wildfire - A Festival for Radio show won a Bronze Award for Live Event or Outside Broadcast of the Year at the Community Radio Awards.


107 Meridian FM, Awards
In 2018, 2019 and 2020, Leader's American Pie was runner-up Best Radio Show voted for by the readers of Americana UK.


107 Meridian FM, News
Meridian FM features an hourly national news bulletin, provided by Radio NewsHub, local news and weather, travel updates and local events guides.


107 Piccadilly
107 Piccadilly is a Grade-II listed building on Lena Street in Manchester, England. Situated near Piccadilly Gardens, it was originally built as a packing warehouse and showroom with offices for cotton manufacturer Sparrow Hardwick & Company.


107 Piccadilly
It was designed by influential Mancunian architect Charles Heathcote in a lively Jacobean-Baroque style. The building was completed in 1899. The exterior consists of red sandstone and red brick. The five-storey has an eye-catching central gable on the front façade reminiscent of Jacobean architecture. The use of arched and square windows give the building a playful appearance. The building gained Grade-II listing in 1974. It has since been converted to an Abode Hotel and restaurant.


107 Piscium
107 Piscium  is a single star in the constellation of Pisces. 107 Piscium is the star's Flamsteed designation. John Flamsteed numbered the stars of Pisces from 1 to 113, publishing his Catalogus Britannicus in 1725. He accidentally numbered 107 Piscium twice, as he also allocated it the designation of 2 Arietis. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that has been measured varying between 5.14 and 5.26. However, that finding of variation was not confirmed by subsequent observations and is most likely spurious data. It is located at a distance of about 24.8 light years away from the Sun. 107 Piscium is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −33.6, and is predicted to come as close as 15.4 light-years in around 135,800 years.


107 Piscium
This object is a K-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of K1V, indicating it is generating energy from core hydrogen fusion. It is somewhat older than the Sun—approximately 6 billion years old. The star has 86% of the mass and 82% of the radius of the Sun, but shines with only 46% of the Sun's luminosity. The effective temperature of the star is 5,172 K. It is rotating slowly with a period of 35.0 d. The abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium—the star's metallicity—is slightly lower than that of the Sun. The level of chromospheric activity is similar to the Sun, and it shows a simple cycle of variation.


107 Piscium
107 Piscium has been examined for the presence of an infrared excess caused by exozodiacal dust, but none was detected. The habitable zone for this star, defined as the locations where liquid water could be present on an Earth-like planet, is at a radius of 0.52–1.10 Astronomical Units (AU), where 1 AU is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.


107 Piscium
In 1997, based on data collected during the Hipparcos mission, the star was categorized as an astrometric binary with a period of 0.576 years. However, this result has not been not confirmed.


107 Squadron (Israel)
Squadron 107 (Hebrew: טייסת 107) is a squadron of the Israeli Air Force.


107 Squadron (Israel)
Squadron 107 is also known as the Knights of the Orange Tail (Hebrew: אבירי הזנב הכתום). It  was formed in January 1953 to operate Supermarine Spitfires out of Ramat David Airbase. Although it was disbanded a year later, it was reformed in the 1960s and currently operates the F-16I Sufa out of Hatzerim Airbase.


107 Squadron SAAF
107 Squadron is a territorial reserve squadron of the South African Air Force. The squadron operations include coastal reconnaissance, command and control and radio relay in crime prevention operations in cooperation with the South African Police in the Northern Cape. The squadron is based in Kimberley, but is controlled by AFB Bloemspruit.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60)
The 107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60) (Russian: 107-мм дивизионная пушка образца 1940 года (М-60)) was a Soviet artillery piece, developed in the late 1930s in order to provide Soviet divisional artillery with a powerful field and anti-tank gun. The weapon entered production in 1940, but soon after the outbreak of the German-Soviet War, production ceased; only a limited number of pieces were built. These guns saw service in the Red Army during the war.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Background
Until the late 1930s, Soviet divisional artillery consisted of 76.2 mm guns, designed to use the same model 1900 cartridge case, complemented by 122 mm howitzers. The reason for continued reliance on the 76.2 mm caliber was that the USSR had a large supply of 76.2 mm ammunition, some delivered during World War I and also possessed suitable manufacturing equipment. Various improvements in metallurgy, chemistry and ordnance design allowed the production of guns such as the USV and the ZiS-3, which were superior to the older ones in many respects, being lighter and featuring modern split trail carriages.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Background
However, all these improvements could not remedy the inherent weakness of the existing high-explosive shell. The 76.2 mm caliber was chosen by the Russian Imperial Army prior to the trench warfare era for its sufficient shrapnel performance; but high-explosive shells of the caliber contained a relatively small amount of explosives (typically some 600-700 grams) that were only moderately effective against field fortifications.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 95 mm guns
The decision to initiate development of larger caliber divisional guns was made in the second half of 1937. Late that year the 95 mm was proposed. On 10 March 1938 the Main Directorate of Artillery (GAU) initiated work on a 95 mm divisional gun at the Kirov Plant and the No. 92 Plant. The former quickly abandoned the development, but the UZTM Uralmash production facility swiftly joined the program. Both guns were supposed to have a companion piece in the form of the 122 mm howitzer.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 95 mm guns
The UZTM project, U-4, used the same carriage as the 122 mm howitzer U-2; but the development was never completed. At the No. 92 Plant, the team headed by V. G. Grabin developed a gun designated the F-28, based on the carriage of the F-25 122 mm howitzer. The first prototype was ready in December 1938, even before the project was officially approved by the GAU on 23 March 1939. The F-28 reached ground trials on 12 February 1940. However, in the spring of 1940 all work on the 95 mm pieces was canceled due to a decision to adopt even larger calibers for divisional artillery.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 107 mm guns
The GAU decided to start working on a 107 mm divisional gun in the autumn of 1938. The reason typically cited for this decision was the reluctance to introduce a new caliber, such as 95 mm. The 107 mm was used by both the Russian Imperial Army and the Red Army; Soviet industry manufactured both guns and ammunition, so the transition from 76 mm guns would be simpler and cheaper. One problem of using such a large caliber was the significant increase in weight. However, it was deemed possible to develop a powerful 107 mm gun in the same weight category as the 4-ton 152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10), which, when adopted in 1939, was considered sufficiently mobile for a divisional piece.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 107 mm guns
In 1940 the GAU already had another incentive in the form of intelligence reports (which were incorrect) about the Wehrmacht adopting new tanks with thicker armor. The head of the GAU, Grigory Kulik, questioned the ability of the existing 45 mm anti-tank and 76 mm divisional artillery to fight these new vehicles. This concern eventually led to the adoption of much more powerful 57 mm anti-tank and 107 mm divisional pieces by the Red Army. These new guns were not designed to fully replace the 45 mm and 76 mm weapons, but to complement them.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 107 mm guns
On 14 October 1938, the No. 172 Plant received a technical requirement for a 107 mm piece. The gun was developed in three variants, designated M-25, M-45 and M-60. The first two utilized the carriage of the M-10 howitzer; the prototypes successfully passed trials, but the new M-60 was preferred. Initially, the M-60 was also being developed in two variants, which differed in the arrangement for transportation - in one variant, the barrel was pulled back, while in the other the upper carriage was rotated 180 degrees. Of these, the former was selected. On 13 December 1939 the prototypes reached ground trials, which continued until 23 April 1940. After some improvements, the gun successfully passed army trials between 11 and 25 October 1940 and was adopted as the '107 mm universal high power divisional gun M1940'.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 107 mm guns
After the cancellation of the F-28 project, the design bureau of the No. 92 Plant also worked on a 107 mm gun. Late in 1940 the plant produced a ZiS-24 prototype, featuring a very long 73.5 caliber barrel placed on the carriage of a 152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20). While very powerful, the gun was also very heavy and expensive, and the project was abandoned. Later the same design bureau worked on another 107 mm gun, which combined the carriage of a M-60 and a barrel with identical ballistics to the ZiS-6 anti-tank gun. After the outbreak of the German-Soviet War the project was canceled.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Development, Work on 107 mm guns
There was also an attempt to develop a casemate gun based on the M-60. The technical requirements were approved on 27 July 1940. The design bureau of the No. 352 Plant worked on the project from 22 September. This project, too, was canceled due to the outbreak of the war.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Production
The gun entered production at the No. 352 Plant in Novocherkassk and at the No. 172 Plant. The former contributed 25 pieces in 1940 and a further 101 in 1941.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Production
Soon after the outbreak of the German-Soviet War, production ceased for the following reasons:


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Description
The barrel consisted of a loose liner and jacket which was screwed into the breech; the breechblock was of the interrupted screw type, borrowed from the 122 mm howitzer M1910/30. The variable length recoil system consisted of a hydraulic recoil buffer and hydro-pneumatic recuperator. The gun was fitted with segment-type elevation gear and screw-type traverse gear. The carriage was of the split trail type, with trolleybus-type wheels and rubber tires. To protect the crew from small arms fire and shell fragments, a shield was fitted.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Description
In the traveling position, the barrel was pulled back. Short-distance movement with the barrel in the original position was permitted, as long as the speed did not exceed 6–7 km/h.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Organization and service
Despite being developed as a divisional gun, the M-60 was never used by Red Army rifle divisions. In 1941, M-60s served in anti-tank artillery brigades; according to the official organization, these consisted of two regiments, each with a battalion of M-60s, (12 pieces) and two battalions of 85 mm anti-aircraft guns, with both types of weapons employed as heavy anti-tank guns. In practice, most of the brigades never received their 107 mm guns. These brigades were disbanded in late 1941 and the surviving M-60s were used in independent 12-gun battalions.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Organization and service
In 1943 rifle corps were reintroduced. Corps artillery regiments received most of the surviving 107 mm guns, along with 122 mm guns and 152 mm howitzers; in total, each regiment had 16-20 pieces.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Organization and service
Since the M-60 was a limited production weapon, reports about its actual use in combat are rare. Some saw action at the Battle of Kursk, with Central Front forces. Six M-60s were used during the liberation of Sevastopol in 1944.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Organization and service
A few pieces were captured by the Wehrmacht; they were designated 10.7 cm K 353(r) by the Germans.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Organization and service
A surviving piece can be seen in the Artillery Museum in Saint Petersburg.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Summary
The German attack in 1941 led to a situation in which the Soviet Union had neither the requirement for a weapon like the M-60 nor the industrial capacity for its production. As a result, only a limited number of pieces were supplied to the Red Army.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Summary
The M-60 was the last 107 mm piece adopted by the Red Army. Although in 1943 another 107 mm gun, the 9S-1, was developed, it never reached production. Until the end of the war, the divisional artillery continued to rely on 76 mm guns (in conjunction with 122 mm howitzers), while larger formations employed heavier, more powerful weapons such as the 122 mm A-19. When a need for a very powerful anti-tank gun was identified later in the war, the 100 mm BS-3 was developed.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Summary
Unlike the M-60, the BS-3 used fixed ammunition, resulting in a better rate of fire; the BS-3 was also lighter (3.6 tons) and had a shorter deployment time because its barrel was not pulled back for transportation. However, the use of fixed rounds - and a limited assortment of 100 mm ammunition - made it less useful as a field gun. In 1945 another weapon intended for a similar role was adopted, in the form of the 85 mm gun D-44.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Summary
For the sake of comparison, the standard German 105 mm gun, the 10.5 cm sK 18, had similar characteristics. It somewhat surpassed the M-60 in range (19 km, or 21 km for a modernized K 18/40), but was much heavier at about six tons. The German gun also fired a somewhat lighter (15 kg) shell.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Summary
Another comparable weapon was the British BL 4.5-inch Medium Field Gun. Although much heavier than the M-60, it fired a 25 kg projectile to nearly 19 km.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Ammunition
The M-60 fired separately loaded ammunition, with the propellant charge in the cartridge. Projectiles used by the older M1910/30 could be utilized, but with a different cartridge case and propellant charge. Three different charges - full, first and second - were used.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Ammunition
The explosion of the OF-420 shell, with the fuse set to the fragmentation action, resulted in damage to 90% of targets in the 6 to 14 meters area and to 50% of targets in a 20 to 42 meter area. When the fuse was set to high-explosive action, the shell created a hole 1–1.5 m in diameter and 40–60 cm deep in average soil.


107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60), Ammunition
The shrapnel shell contained more than 600 bullets, and covered an area about 800 m long and 45–50 m wide.


107 mm gun M1910
107-mm gun model 1910 (Russian: 107-мм пушка образца 1910 года) was a Russian field gun developed in the years before the First World War. It also saw service during the Russian Civil War, Winter War and Second World War. The gun was initially developed and produced by the French arms manufacturer Schneider, but was later built by the Putilovski and Obukhov plants in Saint Petersburg.


107 mm gun M1910, History
In the early 20th century, the French company Schneider gained a controlling interest in the Putilov plant in St. Petersburg Russia. Among the projects at the time was a 107 mm field gun, which was supposed to replace older 107 mm and 152 mm guns then in service. The official designation was 42-line field gun Model 1910 (1 "line" = 1/10 inch or 2.54 mm, thus 42 lines = 106.68 mm). Schneider also built a 105 mm version called the Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider for the French Army and export customers.


107 mm gun M1910, History
It is estimated a total of 338 Model 1910 guns were produced in France by Schneider. In July 1912 a contract was signed by the Putilovsky Plant for the production of 100 Model 1910 guns a year with a deadline of October 1917. By November 1919, 174 guns had been completed. An additional 400 guns were ordered from the Obukhov Plant in June 1915, with a deadline of April 1919. Between 1916 and 1924 the Obukhov Plant completed 212 guns.


107 mm gun M1910, History
In 1913 there were 19 heavy artillery batteries of Model 1910 guns in service. At the beginning of World War I there were 76 guns in service and 8 in reserve. In addition, there were another 23 in service at five European fortresses. In June 1917, there were 189 Model 1910 guns in service on all fronts except for the Caucasian front, where no Model 1910 guns were in service.


107 mm gun M1910, History
In 1930 the Model 1910 was modernized and re-designated as the M1910/30. The modifications included a longer barrel, longer propellant chamber, separate loading ammunition and longer range. However, shortcomings such as lack of motor traction, limited traverse, and limited elevation remained unresolved. Therefore, a new 107 mm gun the M1940 (M-60) was developed to replace it. The Germans assigned the M1910 the designation 10.7 cm Kanone 351(r), but it is not known if they made use of any captured examples.


107 mm gun M1910, Finnish Use
During the Finnish Civil War, a few Finnish Red Guard artillery units were armed with M1910 guns and Finnish White Guard units captured 3 guns during the war: two in Helsinki and one in Vyborg. After the war Finland acquired 8 more guns: 4 from France, 2 from Poland and 2 from Latvia, increasing the total number in service to 11 guns. 2 guns were French manufactured and designated as 107 K/13, while the remaining 9 were Russian manufactured and received the designation 107 K/10.


107 mm gun M1910, Finnish Use
These guns comprised the core Finnish heavy artillery since they were the only heavy guns available at that time. During the Winter War, 10 guns formed the 1st Heavy Artillery Battalion, but an acute shortage of ammunition forced the Finns to withdraw them from service in February 1940 and were replaced by twelve 105 K/13 guns purchased from France. From 1941-1944 these guns were assigned to the 29th and 30th Heavy Artillery Battalions. In 1943, four 107 K/10 guns were converted to fire 105 mm ammunition and re-designated 105 K/10. Despite the widespread use of captured weapons by the Finnish Army, no Model 1910/30 guns were captured during the war.


107 mm gun M1910/30
107 mm gun M1910/30 (Russian: 107-мм пушка образца 1910/30 годов, romanized: pushka obraztsa M1910/1930 godov > English: "Cannon Model of 1910 / year of 1930") was a Soviet 106.7 mm field gun.


107 mm gun M1910/30
The gun was based on an artillery piece originally developed by the French arms manufacturer Schneider prior to World War I and used by the Russian Empire as the 107 mm gun M1910. The modernized variant, adopted in 1931, differed from the original design mainly by having a larger chamber and longer barrel, resulting in longer range. The M1910/30 remained in production until the mid-1930s and was employed by the Red Army in World War II, mainly in corps artillery and Reserve of the Main Command units.


107 mm gun M1910/30
A number of captured guns were used by the Wehrmacht.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Development and production
From the late 1920s the RKKA sought to upgrade its First World War era artillery pieces. One of the modernized weapons was the 107 mm gun M1910, originally designed by the French arms manufacturer Schneider. Modernization projects were submitted by Orudiyno-Arsenalny Trest (OAT) and by the design bureau of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Main Directorate of Artillery (KB NTK GAU). After trials it was decided to adopt the weapon designed by KB NTK GAU, but to fit it with an equilibrating mechanism as used in the OAT project. The modernized weapon was adopted in 1931 as the 107 mm gun M1910/30.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Development and production
The weapon was manufactured by the Bolshevik Plant in Leningrad and by the Barrikady Plant in Stalingrad from 1931 until 1935 or later. Additionally, a number of M1910 pieces were upgraded by Bolshevik, No 7, No 13 and KKZ plants.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Description
The barrel of the M1910/30 was longer than the original barrel and was fitted with a slotted muzzle brake (which reduced recoil by 25%); in order to balance the barrel, a special weight was fitted to the opposite end of the tube. The breech was of the interrupted screw type. The recoil system, consisting of a hydraulic recoil buffer and a hydro-pneumatic recuperator, was located in a sleigh below the barrel.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Description
The box trail carriage was nearly identical to that of the M1910. It had either unsprung wooden wheels or metal wheels with solid rubber tires. With wooden wheels, the speed of transportation was limited to about 6 km/h. A team of eight horses was needed to tow the gun; another six towed an ammunition box with 42 rounds.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
The M1910/30 guns were issued to corps artillery. In 1941, three variants of corps artillery regiments existed:


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
In September 1941 rifle corps of the RKKA were disbanded, therefore corps level artillery ceased to exist. 107 mm guns were then issued to Reserve of the Main Command units, in 12, 18 or 24-piece gun regiments or 36-piece gun brigades.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
When corps level was reintroduced in 1943, most 107 mm pieces were again given to corps artillery. New corps artillery regiments had 16-20 pieces and along with 107 mm guns included 122 mm guns and 152 mm howitzers.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
Many 107 mm guns were also used by the independent artillery regiments of fortified regions and by independent battalions and batteries belonging to fronts and armies.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
The M1910/30 were used by the Red Army in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, where four pieces were lost. They also saw action in the Winter War (12 pieces in the 7th Army, 24 in the 467th Artillery Regiment of the 8th Army, 12 in the 51st Artillery Regiment of the 9th Army), apparently without losses.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
In June 1941, according to different sources, the Red Army possessed 828 (including four belonging to the navy) or 863 pieces of this type. 474 107 mm guns, including a limited numbers of the new M-60, belonged to western military districts. Many were lost at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, the RKKA had at least 490 107 mm guns of all models, the majority of them M1910/30; some remained in service until the end of the war.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Red Army
A surviving piece can be seen in the Artillery Museum in Saint Petersburg.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Organization and service, Wehrmacht
A number of M1910/30 guns were captured by the Wehrmacht and pressed into service in both field and coastal artillery. In German service, the gun was designated the 10,7 cm K 352(r). In March 1944, the Wehrmacht still possessed 17 pieces, all on the Eastern Front.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Summary
The modernization of the M1910/30 gave the Red Army a relatively lightweight, reliable corps artillery piece with improved range and a wide array of ammunition. On the other side, it failed to address other drawbacks of the weapon. Because of its unsprung wheels, the M1910/30 was unsuitable for high-speed transportation. A very small traverse of 6 degrees limited the effectiveness of the gun against enemy tanks, despite decent armor penetration.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Summary
For the sake of comparison, the standard German 105 mm gun, the 10.5 cm sK 18, surpassed the M1910/30 in range (19 km, or 21 km for a modernized K 18/40), traverse (60 degrees) and transportation speed (up to 40 km/h). This, however, came at a price of a much larger weight of about six tons.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Summary
In 1940, the RKKA adopted a more modern 107 mm gun, the M-60. Although originally intended - and officially designated - as a divisional gun, in practice the M-60 was never used by rifle divisions; from 1943 it mainly served in the reintroduced corps artillery. However, soon after the outbreak of war, production of the M-60 was stopped. In 1943 another 107 mm gun, the 9S-1, was developed, but it was never adopted, leaving the M1910/30 the last mass production 107 mm piece in Red Army service.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Ammunition
The gun fired separately loaded, cased charge ammunition. Two different charges – full and reduced – were used. Use of the full charge was prohibited with the muzzle brake removed, or with old high-explosive ammunition, shrapnel and smoke rounds.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Ammunition
The explosion of the OF-420 shell, with the fuse set to the fragmentation action, resulted in damage to 90% of targets in the 6 to 14 meters area and to 50% of targets in a 20 to 42 meter area. When the fuse was set to high-explosive action, the shell made a crater 1–1.5 m in diameter and 40–60 cm deep in an average soil.


107 mm gun M1910/30, Ammunition
The shrapnel shell contained more than 600 bullets and covered an area about 800 m long and 45–50 m wide.


107 series
The 107 series (107系) was a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type that was operated on local services by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan from 1988 to 2017.


107 series, Design
The 107 series trains were the first EMUs to be built by JR East following the splitting of the former Japanese National Railways (JNR), and reused components such as bogies and air-conditioning units from withdrawn 165 series EMUs.


107 series, 107-0 series
Eight two-car sets (sets N1 to N8) were allocated to Oyama Depot for use on Nikko Line local services. The units entered service on 1 June 1988, and were originally painted in a livery designed by a Tochigi high school student, featuring large green "N" logos on a cream base. A new "retro" livery of brown and cream was introduced from March 2009, with the last train in original livery running until 17 January 2010. The 107-0 series sets were withdrawn from service on the Nikko Line on 15 March 2013.


107 series, 107-0 series
107-0 series set N8 in original Nikko Line livery in June 2008


107 series, 107-0 series
107-0 series set N1 in revised Nikko Line livery in June 2009