10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
The band also continued outside production work at Strawberry, working with Dave Berry, Wayne Fontana, Peter Cowap and Herman's Hermits, and doing original compositions for various UK football (soccer) teams. In 1971 they produced and played on Space Hymns, an album by New Age musician Ramases; in 1972–73 they co-produced and played on two Neil Sedaka albums, Solitaire and The Tra-La Days Are Over.


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
The experience of working on Solitaire, which became a success for Sedaka, was enough to prompt the band to seek recognition on their own merits. Gouldman—who by 1972 was back at Strawberry Studios—said:


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
It was Neil Sedaka's success that did it, I think. We'd just been accepting any job we were offered and were getting really frustrated. We knew that we were worth more than that, but it needed something to prod us into facing that. We were a bit choked to think that we'd done the whole of Neil's first album with him just for flat session fees when we could have been recording our own material.


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
Stewart said the decision was made over a meal in a Chinese restaurant: "We asked ourselves whether we shouldn't pool our creative talents and try to do something with the songs that each of us was working on at the time."


10cc, First collaborations, 1970–1971: Hotlegs; Doctor Father; The New Wave Band; Festival
Once again a four-piece, the group re-recorded Hotlegs track "Today" b/w new Stewart/Gouldman song "Warm Me" and released it under the name Festival. The single failed to chart and the band moved on to record a Stewart/Gouldman song, "Waterfall", in early 1972. Stewart offered the acetate to Apple Records. He waited months before receiving a note from the label saying the song was not commercial enough to release as a single.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
Undeterred by Apple's rejection, the group decided to plug another song which had been written as a possible B-side to "Waterfall", a Godley/Creme composition titled "Donna". The song was a Frank Zappa-influenced 1950s doo-wop parody, a sharp mix of commercial pop and irony with a chorus sung in falsetto. Stewart said: "We knew it had something. We only knew of one person who was mad enough to release it, and that was Jonathan King." Stewart called King, a flamboyant entrepreneur, producer and recording artist, who drove to Strawberry, listened to the track and "fell about laughing", declaring: "It's fabulous, it's a hit."


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
King signed the band to his UK Records label in July 1972 and dubbed them 10cc. By his own account, King chose the name after having a dream in which he was standing in front of the Hammersmith Odeon in London where the boarding read "10cc The Best Band in the World". A widely repeated claim, disputed by King and Godley, but confirmed in a 1988 interview by Creme, and also on the webpage of Gouldman's current line-up, is that the band name represented a volume of semen that was more than the average amount ejaculated, thus emphasising their potency or prowess.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
"Donna", released as the first 10cc single, was chosen by BBC Radio 1 disc jockey Tony Blackburn as his Record of the Week, helping to launch it into the Top 30. The song peaked at No. 2 in the UK in October 1972.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
Although their second single, a similarly 1950s-influenced song called "Johnny Don't Do It", was not a major chart success, "Rubber Bullets", a catchy satirical take on the "Jailhouse Rock" concept, became a hit internationally and gave 10cc their first British No.1 single in June 1973. They consolidated their success a few months later with "The Dean and I", which peaked at No.10 in September.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
They released two singles, "Headline Hustler" (in the US) and the self-mocking "The Worst Band in the World" (in the UK) and launched a UK tour on 26 August 1973, joined by second drummer Paul Burgess, before returning to Strawberry Studios in November to record the remainder of their second LP, Sheet Music (1974), which included "The Worst Band in the World" along with other hits "The Wall Street Shuffle" (No.10, 1974) and "Silly Love" (No.24, 1974). Sheet Music became the band's breakthrough album, remaining on the UK charts for six months and paving the way for a US tour in February 1974.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
In February 1975, the band announced they were splitting with Jonathan King and that they had signed with Mercury Records for US$1 million. The catalyst for the deal was one song – "I'm Not in Love". Stewart recalled:


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
At that point in time we were still on Jonathan King's label, but struggling. We were absolutely skint, the lot of us, we were really struggling seriously, and Philips Phonogram wanted to do a deal with us. They wanted to buy Jonathan's contract. Our manager Ric Dixon invited them to listen to what we've done. Head of A & R Nigel Grainge came up to our Strawberry Studio, heard the album and freaked. He said "This is a masterpiece, it's a done deal!". We did a five-year deal with them for five albums and they paid us a serious amount of money. It was Grainge's idea to release 'Life Is A Minestrone' as the first single holding back the big one to give us more longevity for the album.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
Speaking in the BBC Four documentary I'm Not in Love: The Story of 10cc in 2015, Stewart explained that the band, three years into a five-year contract with King were earning a mere 4% of royalties. Creme made it clear that the band had fully intended to sign with Richard Branson's fledgling Virgin label, with the band's records to be released in the US through Atlantic.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
Stewart and Creme were about to go on holiday with their wives (Stewart and Creme are brothers-in-law through marriage), however, and had left their manager Harvey Lisberg with power of attorney to accept the Branson offer. No sooner had they left the country, but another higher bid arrived from Phonogram and was accepted by the management team, including Lisberg. Creme said that he felt "horrified, embarrassed and disgusted - to this day I still am".


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
The Original Soundtrack, which was already complete, was released just weeks later. It was both a critical and commercial success and featured distinctive cover art created by the Hipgnosis team and drawn by musician and artist Humphrey Ocean. It is also notable for its opening track, Godley & Creme's "Une Nuit A Paris (One Night in Paris)", an eight-minute, multi-part "mini-operetta" that is thought to have been an influence on "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
Although it bore an unlikely title (picked up from a radio talk show), "Life Is a Minestrone" (1975) was another UK Top 10 placing, peaking at No.7. Their biggest success came with the dreamy "I'm Not in Love", which gave the band their second UK No. 1 in June 1975. The song provided them with their first US chart success when the song reached No. 2 . A collaborative effort built around a title by Stewart, "I'm Not in Love" is notable for its innovative production, especially its richly overdubbed choral backing. Godley stated:


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
If I was to pick one track from everything we've done, "I'm Not in Love" would be my favourite. It's got something that none of our other tracks have at all. It's not clever in a conscious way but it says it all so simply in, what, six minutes. – NME, February 1976


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
During this time 10cc also collaborated with Justin Hayward on the single "Blue Guitar", being a backing band and doing production work. The song was also released on later reissues of Blue Jays album by Hayward and John Lodge.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
10cc's fourth LP, How Dare You! (1976), featuring another Hipgnosis cover, furnished two more UK Top Ten hits—the witty "Art for Art's Sake" (No.5 in January 1976) and "I'm Mandy, Fly Me" (No.6, April 1976). But by this time the once close personal and working relationships between the four members had begun to fray, and it was the last album with the original line-up.


10cc, 1972–1976: Original line-up
10cc's success prompted the 1976 re-release of the Hotlegs album under the new title You Didn't Like It Because You Didn't Think of It with two additional tracks. The title track was the epic B-side of "Neanderthal Man", a section of which had been reworked as "Fresh Air for My Mama" on the 10cc album.


10cc, 1976: Split
Frictions mounted between the group's two creative teams during the recording of How Dare You, with each pair realising how far apart their ideas had become. At the beginning of the sessions for band's fifth album further creative differences occurred and Godley and Creme left 10cc to work on a project that eventually evolved into the triple LP set Consequences (1977), a sprawling concept album that featured contributions from satirist Peter Cook and jazz vocalist Sarah Vaughan.


10cc, 1976: Split
The first of a series of albums by Godley & Creme, Consequences began as a demonstration record for the "Gizmotron", an electric guitar effect they had invented. The device, which fitted over the bridge of an electric guitar, contained six small motor-driven wheels attached to small keys (four wheels for electric basses); when the key was depressed, the Gizmotron wheels bowed the guitar strings, producing notes and chords with endless sustain. First used during the recording of the Sheet Music track "Old Wild Men", the device was designed to further cut their recording costs: by using it on an electric guitar with studio effects, they could effectively simulate strings and other sounds, enabling them to dispense with expensive orchestral overdubs.


10cc, 1976: Split
In a 2007 interview with the ProGGnosis—Progressive Rock & Fusion website, Godley explained: "We left because we no longer liked what Gouldman and Stewart were writing. We left because 10cc was becoming safe and predictable and we felt trapped."


10cc, 1976: Split
But speaking to Uncut magazine 10 years earlier, he expressed regret about the band breaking up as they embarked on the Consequences project:


10cc, 1976: Split
We'd reached a certain crossroads with 10cc and already spent three weeks on the genesis of what turned out to be Consequences ... The stuff that we were coming up with didn't have any home, we couldn't import it into 10cc. And we were kind of constrained by 10cc live ... We felt like creative people who should give ourselves the opportunity to be as creative as possible and leaving seemed to be the right thing to do at that moment.


10cc, 1976: Split
Unfortunately, the band wasn't democratic or smart enough at that time to allow us the freedom to go ahead and do this project and we were placed in the unfortunate position of having to leave to do it. Looking back, it was a very northern work ethic being applied to the group, all for one and one for all.


10cc, 1976: Split
If we'd been a little more free in our thinking with regard to our work practices, the band as a corporate and creative entity could have realised that it could have been useful rather than detrimental for two members to spend some time developing and then bring whatever they'd learned back to the corporate party. Unfortunately, that wasn't to be.


10cc, 1976: Split
Our contemporaries were people like Roxy Music who allowed that to happen and they gained from that ... Had we been allowed to get it out of our system and come back home, who knows what would have happened.


10cc, 1976: Split
In a BBC Radio Wales interview Stewart gave his side of the split:


10cc, 1976: Split
I was sorry to see them go. But we certainly did fall out at the time. I thought they were crazy. They were just walking away from something so big and successful. We'd had great success around the world and I thought we were just breaking in a very, very big way. The collective dynamite of those four people, four people who could all write, who could all sing a hit song. In one band.


10cc, 1976: Split
(Yet) I think it becomes claustrophobic, in the fact that you're trying to perfect things and you're looking at each other and eventually you maybe say this relationship is a little too tight for me now, and I need to break away. And that's what in retrospect, I found out long after because I still speak to Godley and Creme who – Lol is my brother-in-law, so I've got to see him – but for quite a while we didn't talk. I just said you're out of your minds for leaving this band.


10cc, 1976: Split
We were on such a winning curve, Graham Gouldman and I had to decide, are we going to be 5cc? Are we gonna scrap the name completely? Well, we thought we, no, we'd better carry on because we, this is 10cc, we are 10cc, this band. Two of our members are leaving us and that's not our problem, but we've got to carry it on.


10cc, 1976: Split
Stewart said there were immediate benefits in the absence of Godley and Creme. "It became clear things went much smoother and the atmosphere was much more pleasant than with Lol and Kevin," he said.


10cc, 1976: Split
Godley & Creme went on to achieve cult success as a songwriting and recording duo, scoring several hits and releasing a string of innovative LPs and singles. Having honed their skills on the equally innovative clips that they made to promote their own singles (e.g. their 1985 single "Cry") they returned to their visual arts roots and became better-known as directors of music videos in the 1980s, creating acclaimed videos for chart-topping acts including George Harrison ("When We Was Fab"), Asia ("Heat of the Moment", "Only Time Will Tell") The Police ("Every Breath You Take"), Duran Duran ("Girls on Film"), Frankie Goes to Hollywood ("Two Tribes"), Peter Gabriel's duet with Kate Bush ("Don't Give Up"), and Herbie Hancock ("Rockit"). They also directed a video for Stewart and Gouldman's "Feel the Love".


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
After the departure of Godley and Creme, Stewart and Gouldman opted to continue as 10cc, working with drummer Paul Burgess, who had up to that point been their tour backup drummer. Their first album as a three piece band was Deceptive Bends (1977), named after a sign on the Mickleham bends on the A24 between Leatherhead and Dorking in Surrey.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
The album, recorded at the newly completed Strawberry South Studio in Dorking, Surrey, reached No. 3 in Britain and No. 31 in the US and also yielded three hit singles, "The Things We Do for Love" (UK No. 6, US No. 5), "Good Morning Judge" (UK No. 5, US No. 69) and "People in Love" (US No. 40). Stewart later said he and Gouldman felt vindicated by its success: "I was out to prove also that we could write a hit album without Kevin and Lol ... we did!"


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
In 1977, 10cc embarked on an international tour with guitarist Rick Fenn, keyboardist Tony O'Malley (Kokomo) and an additional drummer Stuart Tosh (ex-Pilot) and recorded a live album, "Live and Let Live" (1977), which mixed the hits with material by Stewart and Gouldman from 10cc's career (alongside two songs written with Godley and Creme).


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
Fenn, Tosh, Burgess and keyboardist Duncan Mackay, who replaced Tony O'Malley after the tour, were now full members of the band and performed on 1978's Bloody Tourists, which provided the band with their international No. 1 single, the reggae-styled "Dreadlock Holiday", also their third UK No. 1. Both Bloody Tourists and "Dreadlock Holiday" performed very successful around the world, however additional songs released as singles became only minor hits with the second UK single "Reds in My Bed", featuring lead vocals by Stuart Tosh, failing to chart.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
The band suffered a major setback in January 1979 when Stewart was seriously injured in a car crash. Due to his injuries, Stewart was unable to work on music and 10cc had to be put on hold. This led to cancellation of 1979 legs of tour with other band members working on solo projects. Stewart later told the BBC:


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
It flattened me completely. I damaged my left ear, I damaged my eye very badly. I couldn't go near music. I couldn't go near anything loud and I love music and motor-racing. I had to stay away from both things for a long time, for about six months. And the momentum of this big machine that we'd had rolling slowed and slowed and slowed. And on the music scene, the punk thing had come in a big way. The Sex Pistols, The Clash, lots of things like that.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
So by the time I was fit again to play, I think we'd just missed the bus. It'd gone. And whatever we did after that, we got a few tickles here and there and we could continue touring forever on the strength of the past hits, but it didn't feel right again, we just didn't have that public with us.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
Gouldman, too, considered the aftermath of Stewart's accident to be a turning point. In a 1995 BBC interview he said:


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
Really, after '78 things went downhill for us. I don't know what it was. We'd been doing it for so long, maybe we should have had a break then, rather than in '83 when we did have a break, or brought new blood in or done something. And even as the things were getting bad, we thought, 'Ah, it's gonna be all right, don't worry about it, it'll be great'.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
While Stewart recovered, Gouldman recorded the title track to the film Sunburn with the help of some of the 10cc band members, which became a minor UK hit in 1979. Gouldman also recorded the soundtrack to the animated film Animalympics, which was originally intended as 10cc project. Rick Fenn went on tour with Mike Oldfield, while Duncan Mackay took part in recording of Kate Bush album Never for Ever.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
To fill the gap between 10cc releases, a greatest hits compilation was issued in late 1979 Greatest Hits 1972–1978, and released a single, coupling "I'm Not in Love" with "For You and I", which failed to chart.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
As Stewart recovered, he recorded the soundtrack to the film Girls, mainly working with Duncan Mackay with other 10cc band members making guest appearances.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
The band signed with Warner Bros. Records, producing a new 10cc offering entitled Look Hear?. The lead single "One-Two-Five" failed to chart in the native UK and the album proved to be less successful than previous 10cc albums. In the aftermath of the tour in support Eric Stewart, Graham Gouldman and the rest of the band members again embarked on a number of side projects.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
Gouldman and Stewart subsequently decided to continue 10cc as a duo with other members becoming session and touring musicians. The band returned to the Mercury label to record Ten Out of 10 (1981) featuring Fenn and Burgess on a number of tracks. The UK release of the album (and its associated singles "Les Nouveaux Riches" and "Don't Turn Me Away") failed to chart.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
In a bid to inject an American flavour to the album and bolster its commercial appeal, Warner Bros. invited singer-songwriter Andrew Gold to contribute to a revised North American version of the LP. Gold wound up co-writing and playing on three new tracks which appeared on the North American release of Ten Out of 10. This ultimately led to an offer from Gouldman and Stewart to officially join 10cc; an offer Gold declined because of other commitments. Gouldman later admitted greater involvement by Gold might have lifted the band's early 1980s output from its mediocrity:


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
We should either have tried to change direction, which we didn't, or got someone else in the band, which we almost did. The albums weren't really bad, there was always the integrity, and the production values, but in retrospect, I find them rather dour, rather lacklustre.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
Despite the revisions to the album made for the North American market, Ten Out of 10 did not chart in US, nor did any singles pulled from the LP. However, the single "Don't Turn Me Away" was a surprise minor hit in Canada, reaching No. 38. Ironically, this track was one that appeared on the original "less commercial" UK version of the LP, and was not one of the tracks that had been specially added to the North American release.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
The band embarked on their 10th anniversary tour in early 1982, with Fenn, Burgess and Tosh joining Stewart and Gouldman, along with new keyboardist Vic Emerson of Sad Café. They released "The Power of Love", co-written with Andrew Gold, as a single, which did not chart. "Run Away", released as a single in June 1982, reached No.50 in the UK; "We've Heard it all Before" (October 1982) did not chart. All three of these singles were tracks from the revised North American version of Ten Out of 10, and had not previously been issued in the UK.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
Stewart also released a 1982 solo album, Frooty Rooties, with Burgess as a drummer and participation from Gouldman and Fenn on one track.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
10cc began a UK tour in March 1983, coinciding with the release of the single "24 Hours". The song was made available both as a 7" and 10" single, with live versions of "Dreadlock Holiday" and "I'm Not in Love" on the b-sides. It failed to chart, as did a further single, "Feel The Love (Oomachasaooma)"/"She Gives Me Pain", issued in July 1983. "Feel The Love (Oomachasaooma)" was promoted by a tennis-themed video clip, directed by none other than former 10cc members Godley and Creme, by now well into their joint careers as noted music video pioneers.


10cc, 1977–1983: Second era
The next 10cc LP, Windows in the Jungle, (October 1983) used session heavyweights including drummer Steve Gadd, but the album was dominated by Stewart; Gouldman only performed partial lead vocals on one song. It reached No.70 on the UK charts. The band toured the UK in October, with drummer Jamie Lane in place of Paul Burgess (who was working with Jethro Tull). This turned out to be their last tour until they reformed eight years later.


10cc, 1984–1991: Separate projects
After 1983, the band went into recess as Stewart produced recordings for Sad Café and Gouldman produced tracks for the Ramones. Stewart continued his association with Paul McCartney; He had already appeared on Tug of War in 1982 and Pipes of Peace in 1983. During 1984 he appeared in the video for the US single "So Bad" which also featured Ringo Starr and the feature film/soundtrack for Give My Regards to Broad Street. He then co-wrote much of the Press to Play album (1986), though he was critical of the album's production. He also produced the album Eyes of a Woman (1985) by Agnetha Fältskog of ABBA.


10cc, 1984–1991: Separate projects
Gouldman, meanwhile, teamed with Andrew Gold to form the duo Common Knowledge, which, after two unsuccessful singles changed their name to Wax. The duo's albums included Magnetic Heaven (1986), American English (1987) and A Hundred Thousand in Fresh Notes (1989). The duo scored some success including a Spanish No.1 single and their only British hit, "Bridge to Your Heart" (1987) which reached No. 12. Gouldman also assembled and produced the charity single "You'll Never Walk Alone" by The Crowd in aid of the Bradford City stadium fire. Released in 1985, the single reached No.1 in the UK charts.


10cc, 1984–1991: Separate projects
A compilation album, Changing Faces – The Very Best of 10cc and Godley & Creme, was released in 1987 and gave the band their biggest hit album since 1978.


10cc, 1984–1991: Separate projects
A four CD box set, Greatest Songs and More, was issued in Japan in 1991, which included many b-sides available on CD for the first time.


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
In 1991, the original four members reunited to record ... Meanwhile (1992), an album produced by Gary Katz of Steely Dan fame. Katz was suggested by the record label Polydor who wanted 10cc to enjoy success in America, and because of his links to Steely Dan—a similar-sounding 1970s band. However, the album was not a "reunion" in the strict sense of the word. All the album's songs were written by Stewart and Gouldman (with the exception of one track which was co-written by Stewart and Paul McCartney in the late 1980s with additional writing from Gouldman).


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
Creme and Godley agreed to guest on the album to fulfil their obligation to Polydor—both had owed Polydor one album when they split in the late 1980s. Godley and Creme sang background vocals on several tracks on the album. Godley also sang the lead on one song, "The Stars Didn't Show". The record label did everything it could to make it appear that it was a genuine reunion album to generate publicity, but to little effect.


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
... Meanwhile did not spawn any major hits, but was relatively well received in Japan and in Europe. It prominently featured session musicians Jeff Porcaro of Toto on drums, Freddie Washington on bass, Michael Landau on lead and rhythm guitar, and Bashiri Johnson on percussion. Also appearing on the album were Dr. John (Mac Rebennack) on piano, David Paich (also of Toto fame) on keyboards, longtime 10cc collaborator Andrew Gold on guitar and many other renowned session musicians and singers. ... Meanwhile is believed to be Porcaro's last session work before he died of a heart attack. Dr. John was recommended by producer Gary Katz and invited along to the sessions.


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
Gouldman, in a 1995 interview, was philosophical about the album: "When we finally did come back to record again, it was based on market research that our record company had done, that said a new 10cc album would do really, really well. And, ah, history has proved that wrong." Yet according to Stewart, both he and Gouldman had approached the album positively. "We wrote in a three-month period, 22 songs. Every day we were coming up with new ideas, and they were getting better and better, as far as we were concerned. And they sounded like 10cc songs again."


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
The album was followed by a tour in 1993, with former members Rick Fenn and Stuart Tosh returning alongside new players Steve Piggot (keyboards, synthesisers) and Gary Wallis (drum, percussion). This tour was captured on the live album and DVD Alive.


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
In 1995 the band released Mirror Mirror, produced by Gouldman, Stewart and Adrian Lee of Mike + The Mechanics, and without participation from Godley or Creme. Despite initial objections by Gouldman, Mirror Mirror included an acoustic version of "I'm Not in Love" which became a No. 29 UK hit single, but overall the album did not fare very well. Gouldman has described Mirror Mirror as "almost like two-halves of an album", largely a result of the fact that he and Stewart recorded in separate countries.


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
"I don't like to say we hoodwinked the people, but you could say it's not quite what it appears to be, and anyone with any sense, who reads the credits, could see that," he told Goldmine magazine. Their recording arrangement also provided further evidence of a fractured relationship between Stewart and Gouldman: aside from "I'm Not in Love", Stewart did not appear on any of the tracks Gouldman played or sang on, while Gouldman did not appear on any of Stewart's tracks.


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
In the spring of 1995, the band toured Europe and Japan with a line-up of Stewart, Gouldman, Fenn, Tosh, Alan Park (keyboards, synthesisers) and Geoff Dunn (drums, percussion).


10cc, 1991–1995: 10cc reunited
Stewart left the band after this tour, and has since commented: "10cc is well and truly finished as far as I am concerned." Married to a pair of sisters, Stewart and Creme have kept in touch.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In 1999 Gouldman convened a 10cc line-up comprising himself, Fenn, Paul Burgess, and new recruits Mick Wilson (vocals, guitar) and Mike Stevens (vocals, keyboards, sax, guitar). This version of the band played their first gig at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Birmingham and then began touring regularly in 2002. The same five members have been associated with the group ever since. A new member, Keith Hayman (keyboards), switched with Mike Stevens in 2006 and continued to do so until 2011.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
This iteration of the group also featured occasional guest appearances by Kevin Godley, and toured both the UK and overseas, playing 10cc hits plus a section of Gouldman's hits written for others. Wilson handled the majority of the lead vocals, taking over from Eric Stewart on that front. Although popular with audiences, Stewart is critical of the band continuing without him. Founding guitarist Lol Creme, discussing his newest live act in 2012, opined:


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
I understand Graham's need and want to go on the road and tour but maybe he could call the show, 'Graham Gouldman of 10cc' instead of just 10cc. I feel that as things are, the name is quite misleading to the fans. I know that Eric still gets emails from fans who were disappointed that he wasn't at these "10cc" shows. It really gets under his skin. I've still got a lot of respect for Graham and he was certainly an integral part of 10cc."


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In January 2004, Godley and Gouldman reconvened to write more songs. Godley explained:


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In a nutshell ... unfinished business. In all the years we've known each other we've only written three pure, Godley-Gouldman songs. That, and a desire to find out if the music muscle still worked with someone I enjoyed and didn't have to spend weeks getting to know.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In 2006  offered a six-track EP to download credited to GG/06: "The Same Road", "Johnny Hurts", "Beautifulloser.com", "Hooligan Crane", "Son of Man" and "Barry's Shoes", described as the first of a group of songs they had worked on for three years. A few of these songs were added to the rotation of songs that 10cc played in their live set, while the song "Son of Man" later became the opening theme for 10cc shows with Godley providing the video.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
The band released a live album and DVD titled Clever Clogs in 2008 featuring Kevin Godley on several songs, including GG/06's "BeautifulLoser.com".


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In early 2009, Gouldman's 10cc launched its official website, 10ccworld.com (now 10cc.world). Since the release, the website offered various live recordings of the shows through its online store. Regarding new 10cc studio release Gouldman has said that without Stewart, Creme or Godley, there will never be another 10cc album, though he is happy to play past albums in concert.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the band's formation 10cc performed a concert at the Royal Albert Hall on 10 May 2012 with Kevin Godley performing several songs with the band. Universal Music also issued two box sets for this occasion. The first one titled Tenology, a four-CD/one-DVD retrospective, was released on 19 November 2012. All four original members helped choose the track listing and gave interviews to Paul Lester as part of the project. The second box set titled Classic Album Selection featured albums from The Original Soundtrack to Live and Let Live along with bonus tracks.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In 2016, Godley recorded a video performance of "Somewhere in Hollywood" for 10cc's live performance of the album Sheet Music during that year. The same year Keith Hayman again replaced Mike Stevens on keyboards.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In December 2015, BBC Four released the hour-long documentary titled I'm Not in Love: The Story of 10cc.


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In July 2017, a box set titled Before, During and After: The Story of 10cc was released. The four-disc set contains 10cc material as well as material from the late 60s and early 70s that the band recorded under various names and material from various projects that band members were involved in after leaving the band. Eric Stewart also released a solo boxset through Cherry Records while promoting his autobiography


10cc, 1999–present: 10cc touring band, GG/06
In 2018 the 10cc concert line up changed with Iain Hornal taking Wilson's place as vocalist. Mick Wilson now sings and tours with 'Go Now - The Music of the Moody Blues' and also as part of 'Frontm3n' with Pete Lincoln (ex The Sweet) and Peter Howarth (The Hollies).


10cc (album)
10cc is the debut album by British rock band 10cc. It was recorded at Strawberry Studios in Stockport, which was part-owned by guitarist and engineer Eric Stewart, and released on Jonathan King's UK Records [ No: UKAL 1005] label. The album reached No.36 in the UK.


10cc (album), Release and promotion
Three of its four UK singles reached the Top 10 in the charts, including the Number One hit "Rubber Bullets", which also topped the chart in Australia. The fifth single "Headline Hustler" was released only in the American market to promote a tour in the USA.


10cc (album), Release and promotion
The closing track, "Fresh Air for My Mama", was a reworking of "You Didn't Like It Because You Didn't Think of It", the B-side of 1970's "Neanderthal Man", an international hit by the band under its former name of Hotlegs.


10cc (album), Release and promotion
Some versions of the album have an altered running order.


10cc (album), Release and promotion
The 2000 CD reissue of the album featured all the b-sides of the album's singles. The album in its entirety along with 2000's bonus cuts appeared, along with 10cc's second album, "Sheet Music" and all its released bonus cuts, on 2004 "10cc - The Complete UK Recordings," on Varèse Sarabande Records.


10cc (album), Critical reception
Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "If you only know the forty-five-rpm version of 'Rubber Bullets,' then you missed their best rhyme: 'balls and chains' with 'balls and brains.' A calculated, devilishly clever version of what the Beach Boys ought to be doing. Or the Bonzo Dog Band should have done. Or something."


10cc discography
This article presents the complete discography of the British art rock band 10cc.


10cm (band)
10cm (Korean: 십센치; RR: Sipsenchi), is a South Korean musical act currently composed of singer-songwriter Kwon Jung-yeol.


10cm (band)
Originally a duo composed of Kwon and Yoon Cheol-jong, 10cm debuted in 2010. With the release of the single "Americano," the group quickly became one of the most popular indie acts in South Korea, winning the This Year's Discovery Award at the 2010 Mnet Asian Music Awards, followed by Best Pop Song at the 2011 Korean Music Awards. Their first full-length album, 1.0 (2011) sold 30,000 copies, a record for an indie act at the time. Following a slew of successful singles, and the release of the full-length albums 2.0 (2012) and 3.0 (2014), the group achieved its first number-one hit on the Gaon Digital Chart in 2016 with the single "What the Spring?? ".


10cm (band)
Yoon left the group in July 2017 while facing charges for marijuana use. Kwon has continued to promote as a solo artist under the name 10cm, releasing the album 4.0 in September 2017 and several singles, including the Gaon Digital Chart top-ten hits "Mattress" (2018), "However" (2019), and "Borrow Your Night" (2021). His concert "Hotel room 1010"(2020) is the first paid online concert of Korean non-idol artist.


10me Escadrille de Chasse
The 5me Escadrille de Chasse was the second fighter squadron of the Belgian Air Component. The squadron was founded during World War I, reorganized into a dedicated fighter unit under its new designation of 10me Escadrille de Chasse in March 1918, and became part of a fighter wing before war's end.


10me Escadrille de Chasse, History
The 10me Escadrille de Chasse was originally the 5me Escadrille de Chasse, which was founded in August 1916 as the second dedicated squadron of the Aviation Militaire Belge. It drew upon the men and equipment of the previously existing provisional Escadrille V. The new unit used a comet as the unit insignia upon its airplanes. The 5me Escadrille de Chasse mobilized in September 1916. It scored its first victory on 17 November 1916. On 15 February 1917, its patrol of seven would be the first Belgian air formation larger than a pair.


10me Escadrille de Chasse, History
The 5me would be credited with 15 aerial victories, at a blood cost of two Belgian pilots KIA and one WIA. In March 1918, it would be reorganized into the 10me Escadrille and become part of Belgium's first fighter wing, the Groupe de Chasse. In this incarnation, the squadron was credited with 11 verified aerial victories out of 22 claims. In turn, it suffered three pilots KIA, two captured, and one WIA.


10me Escadrille de Chasse, Commanding officers
1	Capitaine Jules Dony: August 1916 - KIA 1 October 1918


10me Escadrille de Chasse, Commanding officers
2	Ede Woelmont: 1 October 1918 - 5 October 1918


10me Escadrille de Chasse, Commanding officers
3	L. Robin: 6 October 1918 - 11 November 1918


10me Escadrille de Chasse, Operations
At the start of World War I, Belgium was neutral. An overwhelming invasion by the German army left Belgium partially occupied by the end of 1914, with its preserved territory shielded by deliberate defensive flooding at Nieuwpoort by the Belgians. As a result, the Aviation Militaire Belgium was based in the diminished remnant of a small country, and performed largely in a static defensive mode. Only in March 1918, when the unit reformed as the 10me Escadrille, did it become a dedicated fighter squadron capable of being included in combined Allied operations. Only in September 1918 did the Belgian Army advance.


10ml Love
10ml LOVE  (Take a sip) is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy film, produced by Sunil Joshi and directed by Sharat Katariya, starring Rajat Kapoor, Tisca Chopra, Purab Kohli, Koel Purie, Tara Sharma, and Neil Bhoopalam. Inspired by William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, the movie is a contemporary story set in an Indian milieu.


10ml Love, Plot
The film follows the relationship of three different couples whose stories intertwine. The first couple (Ghalib and Roshini), played by Rajat Kapoor and Tisca Chopra, have been married for seven years. However, the wife is constantly followed by her paranoid husband who works as a herbal potion vendor. The second couple (Shweta and Peter), played by Tara Sharma and Neil Bhoopalam, are in love and want to elope because Tara Sharma has a marriage arrangement. Her would-be groom, Neil, who is played by Purab Kohli, is also in a long-term, complex relationship with Minnie, played by Koel Purie.


10ml Love, Plot
On the eve of their marriage, all three couples have assembled. The insecure husband strains his relationship due to his suspicious behavior and in an attempt to fix his married life, his mother gives him a herbal potion. ' Josh-E-Jawaani.' She tells him to give a minuscule portion to his wife to make her lust for him. He tries, but is unable to do so as his wife is moving to the jungle.


10ml Love, Plot
The other two couples are thrown into a sticky situation when the men accidentally take a sip of the potion, falling in love with the girl escaping her husband. She moves toward the jungle to save herself from both possessed men while another bride follows the group to protect her boyfriend. The next day, while the men recover from the potion, everything returns to normal.


10ml Love, Plot
The movie has a humorous quote by a gossip-loving neighbor of Ghalib, complaining about her neglectful husband and his love for cricket: "Mujhse byah kyon kiya, Irfan Pathan ko hi ghar le aate." ("Why marry me and not just bring home Irfan Pathan? ").


10ml Love, Box office
10ml LOVE  was reported a box office failure, with a grossed collection estimate of 0.69 crore against a budget of 1.25 crore.


10ml Love, Review
The Times of India rated the movie 2.5 out of 5 stars, and commented on the witty comedy and rough sketch of love stories, while criticizing the movie for lacking depth in its story and blurry camerawork.


10ml Love, Review
“10ml Love is a light-hearted comedy with a quirky script and hilarious dialogues. Go for it!”


10mm Auto
The 10mm Auto (10×25mm, official C.I.P. nomenclature: 10 mm Auto, official SAAMI nomenclature: 10mm Automatic) is a powerful semi-automatic pistol cartridge first developed by U.S. Marine Jeff Cooper and introduced in 1983 with the Bren Ten pistol. Its design was adopted and later produced by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors, Sweden.


10mm Auto
Although it was selected for service by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1989 from the aftermath of the 1986 FBI Miami shootout, the cartridge was later decommissioned (except by the Hostage Rescue Team and Special Weapons and Tactics Teams) after their Firearms Training Unit eventually concluded that its recoil was excessive in terms of training for average agents and police officers' competency of use and qualification, and that the pistols chambered for the cartridge were too large for some small-handed individuals.


10mm Auto
These issues led to the creation of and following replacement by a shorter version of the 10mm that exists today as the .40 S&W, and while the 10mm never attained the mainstream success of this compact variant, there is still an enthusiastic group of supporters and users, and in recent years has started to grow again in popularity.


10mm Auto, History
The 10mm Auto cartridge was originally drafted and championed by Lieutenant Colonel John Dean "Jeff" Cooper, and referred to as the ".40 Super" (not to be confused with the .40 Super cartridge developed in 1996). It was designed to be a medium-velocity pistol cartridge with better external ballistics (i.e., flatter trajectory, greater range) than the .45 ACP and capable of greater stopping power than the 9×19mm Parabellum.


10mm Auto, History
When FFV Norma AB (now Norma Precision AB) designed the cartridge at the behest of Dornaus & Dixon Enterprises, Inc. for their Bren Ten pistol (a newly developed handgun with design inspired by the CZ 75), the company decided to increase the power over Cooper's original concept. The resulting cartridge—which was introduced in 1983 and produced since—is very powerful, retaining the flat trajectory and high energy of a magnum revolver cartridge in a relatively short, versatile rimless cartridge for a semi-automatic pistol. The case was derived from the .30 Remington rifle round, cut down and the walls straightened to accept the same diameter bullet as the much older .38-40 Winchester.


10mm Auto, History
One of the first issues with its early acceptance and prosperity was the result of quality problems as a result of rushed production to meet numerous (some even defaulted) pre-orders of the pistol it was originally—as well as then being only—chambered for: the Bren Ten. An example is the peculiar circumstances surrounding the pistol's distribution at its primary release, leading to a number of initial Bren Tens sent to dealers and customers without magazines (the magazines themselves had complications).


10mm Auto, History
The relatively high price of the Bren Ten compared to other pistols of the time (manufacturer's suggested retail price was $500 in 1986, the equivalent of 1,200 United States dollars in 2021) was another factor in its demise, and the company was eventually forced to declare bankruptcy, ceasing operations in 1986 after only three years of inconsistent, substandard production.


10mm Auto, History
Had it not been for Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company making the unexpected decision in 1987 to bring out their Delta Elite pistol (a 10mm Auto version of the M1911) and later, the FBI's adoption of the caliber in 1989, the cartridge might have sunk into obsolescence, becoming an obscure footnote in firearms history.


10mm Auto, History
Due to media exposure in the television series Miami Vice, where one of the lead protagonists had used the pistol as his primary signature weapon, demand for the Bren Ten increased after manufacturing ceased. In the succeeding five years, prices on the Standard Model rose to in excess of U.S. $1,400, and original magazines were selling for over U.S. $150.


10mm Auto, History
The Federal Bureau of Investigation briefly field-tested the 10mm Auto using a M1911 pistol and a Thompson Model 1928 submachine gun before adopting the Smith & Wesson Model 1076 in 1990; a short-barreled version of the Model 1026 with its slide-mounted decock/firing pin block safety supplanted by only a frame-mounted decocker. A contract was signed with Heckler & Koch to produce a quantity of the specialized MP5 utilizing the cartridge, designated MP5/10 for use by their Hostage Rescue Team and Special Weapons and Tactics Teams. Since 1994, both units still field the weapon and caliber to this day.


10mm Auto, History
During testing of the caliber in 1988, it was decided that the full-power commercial load of the 10mm Auto was the best available semi-automatic pistol cartridge for law enforcement usage, but it produced excessive recoil for most agents. Thereafter, experiments were carried out, and a specification for reduced-recoil ammunition was created. The requirement was later submitted to the Federal Premium for production and followed further review. This became known as the "10mm Lite", or "10mm FBI" load, remaining common from various manufacturers today.


10mm Auto, History
With some pistol reliability problems increasing in this lighter load, Smith & Wesson observed that a version of the 10mm case reduced to 22 millimeters in length from the original 25 mm could be made with the retained performance parameters of the "10mm Lite". This altered cartridge was named the .40 Smith & Wesson. The shorter case allowed use in pistols designed with similar dimensions to those chambered in 9mm Luger, with the advantage that smaller-handed shooters could now have smaller-frame semi-automatic handguns with near—or in some cases, exact—10mm performance.


10mm Auto, History
Colloquially called the "Forty Cal" and other synonyms, this innovation since became a common handgun cartridge among law enforcement agencies and civilians in the United States, while the parent 10mm Auto remains fairly popular. Armscor, Colt, Dan Wesson Firearms, Glock, Kimber Manufacturing, Nighthawk Custom, Smith & Wesson, Springfield Armory, Inc., STI International, and Tanfoglio still offer handguns in 10mm Auto. In 2015, SIG Sauer entered the 10mm marketplace with their P220 model chambered in 10mm. Ruger introduced a 10mm auto model to their popular SR1911 line in mid 2017, followed by their Blackhawk, Redhawk and 10mm GP100 Match Champion and Wiley Clapp models in 2018. The Springfield Armory XD-M series added a 10mm offering in late 2018.


10mm Auto, Dimensions
The 10mm Auto has 1.56 milliliter (24.1 grain H2O) cartridge case capacity.


10mm Auto, Dimensions
The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406.40 mm (1 in 16 inches), 6 grooves, Ø lands = 9.91 mm (.390 in), Ø grooves = 10.17 mm (.4005 in), and land width = 3.05 mm (.120 in). A large or small pistol primer is used.


10mm Auto, Dimensions
The Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives (C.I.P. ; Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms) rulings indicate a maximum pressure of 230 MPa (33,000 psi). In C.I.P. regulated countries, every pistol/cartridge combination is required to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.


10mm Auto, Dimensions
The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) maximum pressure limit for the 10mm Auto is set at 37,500 psi (259 MPa).


10mm Auto, Performance
At full potential, the 10mm Auto produces energy slightly higher than an average .357 Magnum load and below standard .41 Magnum rounds. The cartridge is considered to be high-velocity, giving it a less-curved flight path upon firing (also termed "flat-shooting") relative to other handgun cartridges. More powerful loadings can equal or exceed the performance of the .357 Magnum, and retain more kinetic energy at 100 yards than the .45 ACP has at the muzzle.


10mm Auto, Performance
The 10mm outperforms the .40 S&W by 270–300 ft/s (82–91 m/s) for similar bullet weights when using available full power loads, as opposed to the "10mm FBI" level loads still found in some ammunition catalogs. This result is due to the 10mm Auto's higher SAAMI pressure rating of 37,500 psi (259 MPa), as opposed to 35,000 psi (240 MPa) for the .40 S&W, and the larger case capacity, which allows the use of heavier bullets and more smokeless powder.


10mm Auto, Usage
The 10mm Auto is marketed for hunting, defensive, and tactical use and is one of the few semi-automatic, rimless cartridges that is legal for hunting white-tailed deer in many U.S. states. The round makes the "Major" power factor ranking in the International Practical Shooting Confederation, even in lighter loadings.


10mm Auto, Usage
The FBI Hostage Rescue Team, Special Weapons and Tactics Teams, and various other law enforcement agencies continue to issue or authorize the use of 10mm, including: the Coconut Creek Police Department, Glasgow, Montana Police Department, Weimar Police Department, and the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Police Department.


10mm Auto, Usage
In military use, the government of Denmark has issued the Glock 20 to the Slædepatruljen Sirius (Sirius Sledge Patrol) headquartered in Daneborg, Northeast Greenland. The pistols were issued as a defense against polar bears which the unit encounters during patrols.


10nen Go no Kimi e
"10nen Go no Kimi e" (10年後の君へ) is the third solo single by Tomomi Itano (a Japanese idol, a member of AKB48). It was released in Japan on April 25, 2012, on the label You, Be Cool! (a subsidiary of King Records).


10nen Go no Kimi e
The physical CD single reached second place in the Japanese Oricon weekly singles chart. According to Oricon, it was the 85th most selling CD single of the whole year 2012 in Japan.


10nen Go no Kimi e, Background
The single was released in four versions: Type A, Type B, a regular edition, and a theater edition.


10nen Sakura
"10nen Sakura" (10年桜, Jūnen Zakura, "10-year Cherry Blossom", "10th Graduation Anniversary") is the 11th major single by the Japanese idol group AKB48, released on March 4, 2009.


10nen Sakura
The single peaked at number 3 in the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart.


10nen Sakura
10 years after the song was released, as well as the same day, the other center and now graduate, Atsuko Maeda, gave birth to her son. Some of the fans jokingly said that they had named Sakura/Zakura in commemoration of the anniversary.


10nen Sakura, Track listing
The single was released in two versions: Regular Edition (通常盤) (CD+DVD, catalog number KIZM-25/6) and Theater Edition (劇場盤) (CD only, catalog number NMAX-1080).


10nen Sakura, Members
(Team affiliation at the time of the release. The members featured on the cover of the Theater Edition are in bold.)


10s
The 10s decade ran from January 1, AD 10, to December 31, AD 19.


10s
In Europe, the decade saw the end of the Early Imperial campaigns in Germania when Roman forces led by Germanicus defeated Germanic tribes in the Battle of Idistaviso in 16 AD. In the subsequent year, a war broke out between Maroboduus and Arminius. In Africa, Tacfarinas led his own Musulamii tribe and a loose and changing coalition of other Berber tribes in a war against the Romans in North Africa during the rule of the emperor Tiberius (AD 14–37). The Armenian Artaxiad dynasty was overthrown by the Romans.


10s
In China, the Red Eyebrows Rebellion erupted against Wang Mang, emperor of the Xin dynasty. In Korea, Daeso, the ruler of the kingdom of Dongbuyeo, led his armies into Goguryeo once again. This time, Muhyul, a prince of Goguryeo, led the armies of Goguryeo in a well-planned ambush and slaughtered all of Daeso's army. Only he and a few of his men escaped home.


10s
Literary works from the 10s include works from the ancient Roman poet Ovid, Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto, while Nicolaus of Damascus wrote a biography of Emperor Augustus (Bios Kaisaros).


10s
In the Roman Empire, an edict was issued effecting an empire-wide ban on divinatory practices especially astrology. The edict requires any consultation between a customer and a practitioner to be conducted with at least one third party witness present and bans inquiry into anyone's death. A large earthquake caused the destruction of at least twelve cities in the region of Lydia in the Roman province of Asia in Asia Minor.


10s BC
This article concerns the period 19 BC – 10 BC.


10th !f Istanbul AFM International Independent Film Festival
The 10th !f Istanbul AFM International Independent Film Festival was a film festival held in Istanbul, Turkey, from February 17 to 27, 2011, and in Ankara, Turkey from March 2 to 6, 2011. 85 films were screened in 17 different categories at Beyoğlu AFM Fitaş, Caddebostan AFM Budak, AFM İstinye Park, and  Cinebonus Maçka G-Mall in Istanbul. Chilean director Alejandro Jodorowsky was in attendance as guest of honour at the festival, which included the first ever Turkish theatrical screening of his Santa Sangre (1989). British director Chris Morris was also in attendance to present his debut feature Four Lions (2009).


10th !f Istanbul AFM International Independent Film Festival
This edition of the AFM International Independent Film Festival, which opened on February 16 with a gala screening of Womb directed by Benedek Fliegauf, held its opening party, featuring a live set by Jim Stanton, at The Hall club in Beyoğlu on February 18.


10th !f Istanbul AFM International Independent Film Festival
The Sundance Institute hosted nine film screenings, a screenwriting panel, a panel on Sundance Lab and an interactive case study on how the full circle of the Institute works, featuring American screenwriters Bill Wheeler and Wesley Strick, Israeli director Etgar Keret and several of the institute's directors at this edition of the festival as part of the Film Forward program initiated under the incentive of U.S. President Barack Obama.


10th !f Istanbul AFM International Independent Film Festival
Other features of the festival included two performances of director Sam Green's live cinema Utopia in 4 Movements supported by the U.S. State Department, a one-off showing of Hamo Beknazarian's Zare (1926) with live accompaniment by Kurdish harpist Tara Jaff, and the !f 2: Istanbul Live project, initiated last year in cooperation with MUBI, simultaneously screened five festival films in 25 cities across the region.


10th !f Istanbul AFM International Independent Film Festival, Programmes, !f Inspired International Film Competition
Eight features by emerging international directors from, chosen to highlight films which show technical innovation, bold narrative and courageous storytelling, were selected to compete for the Most Inspired Director Award.


10th & Oregon Crew
The 10th & Oregon Crew, or 10th & O Gang, is a predominantly Italian American gang and organized crime group operating in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Active since the 1960s, the gang is associated closely with but independent from the Italian-American Philadelphia crime family. It is primarily active in South Philadelphia and certain working-class Italian-American neighborhoods in nearby South Jersey.


10th & Oregon Crew, Criminal activities
Conducting drug trafficking, gambling, extortion and loan sharking rackets, the 10th & Oregon Crew operates from a series of taverns, bars, restaurants and social clubs in South Philadelphia. Under different leadership, the group has both been allied closely with and violently feuded against the Philadelphia crime family at different times. In particular, the gang has established relations with the Philadelphia Mafia's Narducci Crew.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
Founded in the 1960s, the gang's name stems from a street corner that intersects 10th Street and Oregon Avenue. An early leader of the 10th & Oregon Crew was Rocco Turra, a South Philadelphia career criminal and Teamsters enforcer. Rocco Turra was acquitted along with future Philadelphia crime family caporegime Joseph "Chickie" Ciancaglini, Sr. of the August 1967 murder of Robert DeGeorge.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
In 1995, Louis Turrà – the leader of the 10th & Oregon Crew, overseeing the gang's marijuana, cocaine and heroin dealing and sports betting enterprise – was severely beaten and robbed of his Rolex watch at an after-hours club by associates of Philadelphia crime family boss Joey Merlino, allegedly for failing to pay a Mafia street tax on the gang's illegal earnings. Angered by the beating, Turra sought vengeance. His father Anthony Turra hosted a meeting at his house during which Anthony, Louis and the gang discussed killing Merlino.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
The plot failed to materialize as both Turras were indicted in August 1997, along with thirteen others. In addition to drug charges, the gang was charged with the murder of one suspected informant and the attempted murder of another, and as well as conspiring to kill Merlino. While awaiting trial, Louis Turra apparently hanged himself (though there is speculation that he was in fact murdered by the Mafia) in the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Manhattan on January 7, 1998.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
On March 18, 1998, Anthony Turra – terminally ill with cancer and bound to a wheelchair – was shot to death outside his home by a gunman in a black ski mask as he left for the federal courthouse, where a jury was deliberating in the racketeering and drug case against him and four other men. "We consider this an organized crime assassination, a mob hit," Police Inspector Jerrold Kane said. Most of the others indicted were convicted of racketeering. Three years later, Merlino was put on trial for helping orchestrate Turra's murder, but was acquitted.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
A dispute between the 10th & Oregon Crew and the Pagan's Motorcycle Club over drug dealing and loan sharking turf began in the late 1990s. On February 28, 1999, Pagans bikers beat five 10th & O Crew members at a bar owned by Eugene "Genie Boy" Miller, who had taken over the remnants of the organization after Louis Turra's death. Miller was beaten, pistol-whipped and shot in the leg and buttocks.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
Joey Merlino attempted to broker a peace treaty between the two warring gangs and hosted a sit-down in the spring of 1999, which Pagans president Steve "Gorilla" Mondevergine and leading 10th & O Gang member John "Johnny the Hat" Hendri both attended. However, no agreement was reached, and on August 29, 1999, Mondevergine survived being shot eight times at close range as he walked to his mother's house after leaving a bar. He refused to identify his attacker to police. On November 3, 2000, Mondevergine opened fire on Hendri as he left a diner, firing twice and missing both times. Mondevergine was arrested near the scene of the shooting in possession of a firearm later that day by police and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents conducting surveillance in the area. He was imprisoned for racketeering in January 2001 and served a three-year sentence.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
Tenth & Oregon Crew member Nicodemo "Nicky Slick" DiPietro was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison in connection with the February 28, 2000, shooting death of Tad Rice-Green.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
Following conflicts with the Philly Mafia and the Pagans, 10th & Oregon Crew leaders temporarily relocated to Deptford Township in South Jersey before later returning to South Philadelphia. In June 2002, three Philadelphia crime family associates were reportedly beaten and knocked unconscious by 10th & O Crew members after a verbal disagreement at a local bar.


10th & Oregon Crew, History
Andrew Micali, a former member of the 10th & O Crew who had left the gang following a dispute with leaders Johnny Garbarino and Eugene "Genie Boy" Miller, was sentenced to five years in state prison on February 27, 2009, for his role in running a sports bookmaking network with the Philadelphia crime family that operated inside the Borgata Hotel Casino poker room in Atlantic City. The gambling ring was dismantled in November 2007 following Operation High Roller, an investigation led by the State Police and the Division of Criminal Justice which involved the assistance of eleven other law enforcement agencies in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.


10th & Osage station
10th & Osage station is a RTD light rail station in Denver, Colorado, United States. Operating as part of the C, D, E, F and H Lines, the station was opened on October 8, 1994, and is operated by the Regional Transportation District. This is the northernmost station served by all trains that pass through the I-25 & Broadway station.


10th & Osage station
It serves a mostly residential neighborhood; however, immediately across the street from the station is a Denver landmark, the Buckhorn Exchange, one of the city's oldest restaurants. Visible to the west of the station, but fenced off from foot traffic, is the Burnham Shops of the Union Pacific Railroad, which was their second largest locomotive facility at the time of the railroad's last merger.


10th & Wolf
10th & Wolf is a 2006 film about the Philadelphia Mafia directed by Robert Moresco. It is based on a true story of a mob war in South Philadelphia. The film stars James Marsden, Giovanni Ribisi and Brad Renfro and features appearances by Dennis Hopper, Val Kilmer, Piper Perabo, Lesley Ann Warren, Tommy Lee, 1980s Italian comedian, singer, actor and director Francesco Salvi and Brian Dennehy.


10th & Wolf
The film was billed as based on a story by "Donnie Brasco", the undercover name of FBI agent Joseph Pistone, who successfully infiltrated the Mafia, as portrayed in the movie of the same name starring Johnny Depp and Al Pacino.


10th & Wolf
While the film is set in Philadelphia, it was filmed in Pittsburgh, with scenes at Tom's Diner and Bloom Cigar Company in the South Side and Hartwood Mansion.


10th & Wolf, Synopsis
Tommy is the son of a Mafia hitman, who, after his father is killed by a rival, moves with his younger brother to live with his aunt, uncle and cousin in Philadelphia. The sole member of his family who is not involved in crime, Tommy joins the Marines and fights in Operation Desert Storm. Becoming disillusioned when the conflict ended with Saddam Hussein still in power. and disenchanted with military service, Tommy assaults an MP, and steals a colonel's Jeep. Arrested when the jeep runs out of gas, the movie opens with Tommy in the brig at a US Marine base.


10th & Wolf, Synopsis
An FBI agent (played by Dennehy) coerces Tommy into infiltrating the family business. The agent tells Tommy that he can protect his brother and cousin in return for evidence against the Sicilian mob trying to take over the heroin trade in the US. Tommy is instructed to wear a wire to record negotiations between his cousin and gang leader, Joey Marcucci and Mafia boss Luciano Reggio.


10th & Wolf, Synopsis
Tommy tries to get incriminating evidence against Reggio, while protecting his cousin and younger brother in their fledgling attempts to become "goodfellas". His efforts to strike a balance between his family loyalties, and the FBI's need for evidence, take up most of the film's bulk.


10th & Wolf, Reception
The film was panned by critics. As of October 2010, it holds a 19% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 27 reviews.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment
10th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Hackney) was a battalion of the London Regiment, the only all-Territorial Force regiment in the British Army. The battalion existed between 1912 and 1955 and was later re-attached to the Rifle Brigade, Royal Berkshire Regiment and Royal Artillery.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment, History, 1912-1918
It was formed in 1912 to replace the London Regiment's disbanded 10th (County of London) Battalion (Paddington Rifles) and took over its battalion numeral. Now demolished, the new battalion's drill hall was sited on The Grove in Hackney. In September 1914 a 2/10th Battalion London Regiment was formed as part of 2/2nd London Brigade in 2/1st London Division, with the existing regiment renamed 1/10th Battalion. On its mobilisation in August 1914 1/0th Battalion moved to Bullswater Camp near Pirbright then the following month to Crowborough - 2/9th Battalion joined it at Crowborough that November.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment, History, 1912-1918
1/10th formed part of 3rd London Brigade, itself part of 1st London Division - that brigade was renamed 162nd Brigade in 54th (East Anglian) Division the following year. The battalion sailed from Plymouth for Gallipoli in late July 1915 with the rest of its brigade, stopping at Mudros en route and landing at Suvla Bay on 11 August 1915. It was evacuated from Gallipoli that December and stationed in Egypt for the rest of the war. A 3/10th Battalion was also formed in 1915.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment, History, 1912-1918
On 7 July 1916, 1/10th and 3/10th Battalions London Regiment were both transferred to the corps of the Rifle Brigade whilst retaining their London Regiment affiliation. 1/10th kept its old name whilst 3/10th absorbed 3rd/25th Battalion London Regiment and was renamed 10th (Reserve) Battalion. 2/10th and 3/10th Battalions were disbanded by or at the war's end. The 1/10th, 2/10th and 3/10th Battalions' First World War memorial is at the Church of St John-at-Hackney.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment, History, 1920-1955
During the Territorial Force's 1920-1921 conversion into the Territorial Army 1/10th Battalion's transfer to the Rifle Brigade was formalised and it was renamed 10th London Regiment (Hackney), The Rifle Brigade. In 1929 it was transferred again, this time becoming 5th (Hackney) Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) and moving its headquarters to Hilman Street in Hackney.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment, History, 1920-1955
In June 1939 elements of 5th Battalion were split off to create a duplicate 7th (Stoke Newington) Battalion, which served on home defence throughout the Second World War. On the outbreak of war 5th Battalion was serving with its duplicate 7th Battalion in the 161st (Essex) Infantry Brigade, 54th (East Anglian) Division. 5th Battalion was an ordinary infantry battalion until 1942 when it was converted to No. 8 Beach Group, playing an important part in the Normandy landings, where it landed with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division at Juno Beach on D-Day itself and was responsible for the landing ground. Although still technically a Beach Group it served as infantry in the Battle of Normandy, losing all but 16 officers and 136 other ranks by August 1944, when it was disbanded.


10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment, History, 1920-1955
In February 1945 5th Battalion was reformed and re-designated as a Bank Group and assisted 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division in its crossing of the Rhine in March 1945. After this it served as normal infantry until the battalion was disbanded in June 1945. Throughout its existence, some sources state the battalion was nicknamed The Hackney Ghurkhas. 5th (Hackney) Battalion was revived as 648th Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery (Royal Berkshire) in 1947 before finally being disbanded in 1955.


10th (Irish) Division
The 10th (Irish) Division, was one of the first of Kitchener's New Army K1 Army Group divisions (formed from Kitchener's 'first hundred thousand' new volunteers), authorized on 21 August 1914, after the outbreak of the Great War. It included battalions from the various provinces of Ireland. It was led by Irish General Bryan Mahon and fought at Gallipoli, Salonika and Palestine. It was the first of the Irish Divisions to take to the field and was the most travelled of the Irish formations. The division served as a formation of the United Kingdom's British Army during World War I.


10th (Irish) Division, History
Formed in Ireland on 21 August 1914, the 10th Division was sent to Gallipoli where, as part of General Sir Frederick Stopford's IX Corps, at Suvla Bay on 7 August it participated in the Landing at Suvla Bay and the August offensive. Some battalions of the division were landed at Anzac and fought at Chunuk Bair.


10th (Irish) Division, History
In September 1915, when the Suvla front became a stalemate, the division was moved to Salonika where it remained for two years and fought the Battle of Kosturino.


10th (Irish) Division, History
The division moved to Egypt in September 1917 where it joined General Chetwode's XX Corps. It fought in the Third Battle of Gaza which succeeded in breaking the resistance of the Turkish defenders in southern Palestine.


10th (Irish) Division, History
Heavy losses on the Western Front following Operation Michael, the great German spring offensive in 1918, resulted in the transfer of ten of the division's battalions from Palestine to France, their place being taken by Indian Army units. This left only one British battalion per brigade. The remainder of the division remained in Palestine until the end of the war with Turkey on 31 October 1918.


10th (Irish) Division, History
On 12 November 1918 the Division concentrated at Sarafand, ready for moving back to Egypt. By 1 December it had returned to Cairo.


10th (Irish) Division, Order of battle
The brigade was reorganised with Indian Army units from April to June 1918


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars
The 10th (Magdeburg) Hussars Regiment (German: Magdeburgisches Husaren-Regiment Nr. 10) were a Prussian Light cavalry regiment of the IV Corps that was formed in late 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon after the Battle of Leipzig. The Hussars were a distinctively dressed light cavalry of East European origin. The 10th Hussars were stationed from 1814 to 1884 in Aschersleben and after 1884 in Stendal. They fought in 1866 at the Battle of Königgrätz and later in World War I.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, Organization and Commanders in 1914
IV Army Corps in Magdeburg, Commanding General: General of the Infantry (Germany) Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History
This hussar regiment is first mentioned as the Volunteer Elbe National Hussars Regiment. On 25 May 1814, the regiment's former militia status was cancelled and it was designated the 10th Hussars Regiment (1 Magdeburg), also popularly referred to as the Green Hussars from Aschersleben, and transferred to active status in the Prussian Army.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History
The regiment was assigned to Aschersleben as a garrison. At the time of the reform of the army under King William I on May 7, 1861, the regiment already held its final name of 10th (Magdeburg) Hussars Regiment, in German (Magdeburgisches Husaren Regiment Nr. 10). The regiment took part in the Battle of Königgrätz as part of the IV Corps of the First Army on 3 July 1866 when the Prussians defeated the Austrian Empire. Between 1866 and 1870, a fifth squadron was established. The regiment was relocated to Stendal in 1884, and in 1905 it could move into a newly built barracks.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Formation of the Elbe National Hussar Regiment
On October 17, 1813 Senior Inspector (Amtsrat) Breymann of Anhalt-Bernburg and other patriotic former Prussian officers submitted an appeal to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. They wanted to form a volunteer hussar regiment. On the 28 of October the officers gained the final approval of the king. By a Supreme Cabinet Order (Allerhöchste-Kabinetts-Ordre) (A.K.O.) the establishment of the regiment was ordered for 19 November 1813.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Formation of the Elbe National Hussar Regiment
The uniform was determined by the military government of Halle/Saale. Each volunteer who joined the "Green Hussars" had to supply a horse to the regiment from his own resources. Those who could not had to pay at least 25 Thalers. Amtsrat Breymann put 20,000 talers at the disposal of the regiment.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Formation of the Elbe National Hussar Regiment
The plan was a regiment consisting of four squadrons with 150 horses each. Three of these squadrons were to be organized in Aschersleben, and the fourth one in Salzwedel. These squadrons were also formed relatively quickly, since the Green Hussars had a brisk flow of recruits, so that after a short time the establishment of the unit was completed.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Formation of the Elbe National Hussar Regiment
On November 25, 1813, 324 volunteers had already assembled, and at the end of year the Aschersleben squadrons were complete. Rittmeister Wilhelm von Breymann was appointed as interim commander. By a cabinet order of 20 February Major August Ludwig von Ledebur of the Garde du Corps was appointed regimental commander. At this time the regiment numbered 750 volunteers. After its complete outfitting with English arms, the regiment reported itself ready for action on April 1, 1814. A short time later it had already participated in the siege of Magdeburg.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1814
The newly formed regiment had its first test in the operation in front of Magdeburg. The regiment was organized into five squadrons of hussars and two of jägers. The two jäger squadrons found themselves in February 1814 along with other Prussian troops in front of the city, which was still held by the French.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1814
In the morning of April 2, the French pushed back the two squadrons and the other outposts. The villages on the highway from Magdeburg to Halle were all occupied by French troops. Now more Prussian troops, among them the five Aschersleben hussar squadrons, were alerted. They managed to expel the French from the villages and take some prisoners. In addition, the Aschersleben squadrons took a share in the further siege of Magdeburg. After the abdication of Napoleon on 6 April 1814, it was not until 27 April 1814 that the city of Magdeburg was surrendered by the French. The Elb National Hussar Regiment then marched into the city. The two jäger squadrons were then disbanded and the rest of the regiment again withdrew into garrison.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1814
In June 1814, the regiment was assigned to Westphalia, where it came under the command of General von Tauentzien. It was stationed in the area of Minden, Ravensberg and Lippstadt. Later it moved to the neighborhood of Höxter and Herford. From November on, the regiment was located in the Kingdom of Saxony. The 5th Squadron was transferred to Cuirassier Regiment No. 8 in April 1815. The transfer of the regiment to the standing army followed on 25 May 1815 and it then received the name 10th Hussars Regiment (1 Magdeburg).


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
After Napoleon's renewed seizure of power in France on 1 March 1815, the mobilization of the hussar regiment followed on 15 April 1815, which was assigned to the reserve cavalry of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia as part of the IV Corps, under the leadership of General of Infantry Bülow. The Prussian corps marched through Wetzlar and Koblenz into Belgium.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
On 14 June 1815, the IV Corps was ordered by Field Marshal Prince Gebhard von Blucher to march from Liege, twenty miles westward to set up new headquarters  at Hannut. Bulow however failed to detect the need for haste and failed to obey the order until the morning of the 16 June.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
As a result, he did not arrive in time to receive a second urgent order commanding him to continue his march westwards to join the rest of the Prussian army in battle on 16 June, when the Prussian I, II and III Corps met the French army at Ligny. Bulow's IV Corps was noticeably absent.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
It was not until 17 June at Gembloux, that the fresh IV Corps met up with Thielmann's retreating, but intact, III Corps moving from Ligny to the rallying point at Wavre. The 10th Hussars along with two battalions and two guns commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel von Lebedur formed the rearguard of the IV Corps, They reached the village of Mont-Saint-Guibert without enemy contact and took up positions to defend the defile with the 3rd and 5th Squadron forming the most advanced outposts.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
The 14th brigade of Bulow's IV Corps was positioned three miles south east of Wavre at Vieux Sart while the bulk of the IV Corps camped at Dion le Mont further to the East. By around midnight on the 17/18, Bulow's IV Corps   had received orders to march at dawn (around 0400) to Chapelle-Saint-Lambert. where if battle had commenced between the Allied Forces and Napoleon's army,  they would "vigorously attack the enemy's right flank".


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
The 10th Hussars however, together with 2 infantry battalions and two guns were ordered to remain in position and hold the defile of Mont St Guibert against any French cavalry trying to cross the River Dyle. Thus the regiment was not engaged in the Battle of Waterloo. Nevertheless, there were some losses: three sergeants, 18 Hussars and 28 horses.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
The reserve cavalry later received orders to maintain the connection to the 1st Army with a battalion and to push forward to Paris. On 1 July, they crossed the Seine and camped at Versailles. After the armistice with France on 9 July 1815, the Allied troops entered Paris. The duties of the regiment were to disarm the National Guard and maintain order.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
The march back followed at the beginning of November, and on 28 December, Aschersleben was reached. For their behavior during the fighting Captain von Hagen, a sergeant and four hussars were awarded the Iron Cross Second Class.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1815
The 2nd Squadron was assigned Egeln and Tarthun as temporary quarters and the 4th Squadron received Cochstedt, Börnecke and Schneidlingen. The 1st and 3rd Squadrons were again housed in Aschersleben.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
In 1816, in appreciation for outstanding service against the armies of Napoleon, the 10th Hussars received the distinction of a gold-embroidered regimental flag. Furthermore, the same year the 2nd Squadron was transferred to Aschersleben and the 4th squadron went to Oschersleben as a garrison for the fortress, which is the present castle of Oschersleben.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
On 10 March 1823, the regiment officially received the name "10 Hussar Regiment", while the addition "Magdeburg" was lost. During the years of peace around 1827, Captain Thadden applied himself to intensive improvements in Aschersleben and the vicinity, and was consequently named the first honorary citizen of the town. When a devastating flood struck the town of Aschersleben in 1830, many people were saved by the efforts of the hussars. As of 1843, Wilhelm, the reigning Duke of Brunswick, was appointed by King Frederick William IV as honorary commander of the regiment.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
In 1845, the light blue markings on the caps and uniforms, as well as the inner lining of the furs, were changed to "pompadour" red.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
To restore internal order and security, the regiment was sent to Magdeburg during the 1848 March Revolution. After the revolutionary uprisings in the Electorate of Hesse, the regiment marched to Hesse in 1850 under Prince Radziwill without the affair coming to fighting.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
In 1860, the addition "Magdeburg" was again applied to the 10th Hussar Regiment.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
In 1862 the town of Aschersleben established a canteen in the existing armory, which later became the officers' mess. The city henceforth felt itself closely associated with its Green Hussars, and so in 1863, a grand celebration was held in recognition of the 50th anniversary of the regiment's stationing in Aschersleben.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
When war came between Prussia and Austria in 1866, the hussars marched out with the strong sympathy of the population. Under Colonel Besser the regiment distinguished itself in the battles of Münchengrätz, Gitschin, Königgrätz and Pressburg.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
After this campaign against Austria, the regiment was solemnly decorated on 3 March 1867 with the 'Ribbon with the Memorial Cross'. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, the regiment participated in numerous skirmishes (Wissembourg, Woerth and Spichern). In the Battle of Mars-la-Tour, it made a charge at Vionville. When the German troops had surrounded Paris, the regiment was assigned to the besieging troops. On 20 June 1871, the hussars returned to Aschersleben.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
Until its disbanding on 15 June 1882 and transfer on 12 December 1882 to the 13th Hussars, the first squadron of the regiment was led by Captain Gerd von Rundstedt, the father of the later Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1816–1866
In 1900, members of the regiment were assigned to the East Asian Expeditionary Corps in China during the Boxer Rebellion. A detachment of the regiment likewise strengthened the German troops in German South-West Africa in 1903–1904 in response to the uprising that had broken out there.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1914–1920
In the mobilization of July 1914, the regiment was increased to six squadrons, and divided into two half regiments of three squadrons each. After initial skirmishes in the area of the Belgian border, the hussars advanced into the interior of the country and took part in the capture of Brussels on 20 August 1914. During the general forward movement of the German army, the regiment reached the Marne river, but beginning on 9 September, it had to be withdrawn back along the Aisne to Soissons.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1914–1920
Subsequently, the regiment took part in the so-called "Race to the Sea", then already from mid-October 1914, chiefly without giving up its horses, it was employed in trench warfare. The units of the regiment spent the whole year 1915 on the Western Front in the zone of the IV Army Corps. In 1916, the half regiments were again dissolved and the individual squadrons distributed among infantry divisions, where they fulfilled their original function of reporting and reconnaissance. The year 1917 brought the loss of the regiment's horses and its conversion to a Cavalry Rifle Regiment.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1914–1920
The 3rd and 6th Squadrons had previously been moved temporarily to the eastern front, however. There the hussars fought in eastern Galicia, Bucovina and the Carpathians. In 1918, the individual squadrons fought, distributed among different infantry units, in the defensive battles on the Western Front. In December 1918, the remnants of the regiment arrived in their garrison city of Stendal, where the 1st, 3rd and 5th Squadrons were disbanded in February 1919. The 2nd and 4th Squadrons were converted to volunteer squadrons, which were to fight in Upper Silesia against Polish insurgents. This was not necessary, however, and the two squadrons were again dissolved in 1920.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, 1914–1920
In the Reichswehr, the 3rd Squadron of the 3rd (Prussian) Cavalry Regiment in Stendal took over the regimental tradition.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Uniform
The Magdeburg hussars wore a dark green atilla with yellow lacing and a fur busby of sealskin with a pompadour-red bag of cloth. The cap had a brass chin-strap and a loose bandeau on the front with the inscription: Mit Gott für König und Vaterland (With God for King and Country). There was also a white bandoleer with a black cartridge case, sabretache and lance. The lance pennons of the soldiers were black and white, those of the NCOs white with a black Prussian eagle.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Uniform
The field-gray field service uniform (M 1910), already ordered by an A.K.O. on 14 February 1907 and introduced gradually from 1909/1910, first replaced the colored uniforms on the occasion of the Imperial maneuvers of 1913. The peacetime uniform was exactly the same as the old ones, except that the laces stayed gray. The leather equipment and the boots were natural brown, and the fur cap was covered by a fabric case in what was called reed-color. The bandoleer and cartridge case were no longer used with this uniform.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Inclusion in the Prussian army march Collection
Since 1843, the regiment has been represented in the army march collection with march No. III, 32: "Trotting march of Hussar Regiment 10" which was composed by F. Münter. Münter was staff trumpeter of the regiment from 1841 to 1871, to which he presented this trotting march in 1843. Münter engaged several times in composing for his regiment and after leaving the service, he worked as a music director in Aschersleben. Certainly Wilhelm Wieprecht as a native Ascherslebener contributed to his becoming known and inclusion in the army march collection.


10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, History, Inclusion in the Prussian army march Collection
Until 1914, Field Artillery regiments 35 in Deutsch-Eylau and 54 in Küstrin used the march when trotting on parade. The military music historian Joachim Toeche-Mittler (1906–1996) described the piece as "a magnificent rhythm for official use".


10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles
The 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles, previously known as the 1st Regiment, Nelson Mounted Rifles  is a military unit based in Nelson, New Zealand. They served in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I and first saw action during the Battle of Gallipoli. As a part of the larger New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (of the ANZAC Mounted Division) they went on to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.


10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles, History
Originally formed as the 1st Regiment, Nelson Mounted Rifles on 1 October 1901 with its headquarters in Nelson from the existing volunteer squadrons:


10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles, History, First World War
The unit was renamed the 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles on 17 March 1911. They were mobilised during World War I as a squadron of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment.


10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles, History, Between the wars
In 1917 they were renamed the 10th (Nelson and Marlborough) Mounted Rifle Regiment and in 1921 became The Nelson-Marlborough Mounted Rifles.


10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles, History, Second World War
The regiment began mobilisation for war in 1941 as the cavalry regiment of 11th Brigade Group, 5th Division. On 1 January 1942 it was renamed the 10th Light Armoured Fighting Vehicles Regiment (Nelson-Marlborough Mounted Rifles). On 29 March 1944, 10th Light Armoured Fighting Vehicles Regiment (Nelson-Marlborough Mounted Rifles) was absorbed into the 3rd Armoured Regiment.


10th (R/Fus) Medium Regiment Royal Artillery
The 10th (Royal Fusiliers) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery, was a WW2 formed Medium Artillery regiment, enabled on 11 December 1942. The regiment was a conversion of the 16th Battalion, The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), which was part of 47th London Division. The conversion took place while the regiment was engaged in guarding the port and defences of Dover, Kent.


10th (R/Fus) Medium Regiment Royal Artillery
The whole battalion moved to the North of England (Durham) and was joined by a number of OR's from the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, Gunnery Officers & NCO's from the regular army's 65th (Highland) Medium Regiment RA, to make up the War Establishment. The regiment was formed into two Batteries, 83 and 84, consisting of four 'Troops' (a/b and c/d), each with four guns - a total of 16 guns for the regiment.


10th (R/Fus) Medium Regiment Royal Artillery
The regiment subsequently came under command of the newly formed 9AGRA (Army Group Royal Artillery) along with:


10th (R/Fus) Medium Regiment Royal Artillery
9AGRA subsequently became the 21st Army Group AGRA in the NW Europe Campaign on its embarkation to France on 12 July 1944. On landing in Normandy, the regiment was placed under the command of 5AGRA, which was the British 30 Corps AGRA. On 14 August 1944, the regiment was returned to 9AGRA, with whom it fought its way through France, Belgium and Holland until 1 December 1944, when it was transferred to the 2nd Canadian AGRA as the replacement for the 15th Medium Regiment RA, which had been chosen to be converted back to Infantry.


10th (R/Fus) Medium Regiment Royal Artillery
The 10th Medium Regiment supported the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, 2nd Canadian Corps, throughout the campaign to take the Dutch, Long Left Flank of Holland in 1945 to The North Sea. Crossing the Rhine at Emmerich, the regiment supported the 2nd Canadian Corps until the end of the war in May 1945, when it was transferred back to 5 AGRA, 30 Corps. The Regiment was disbanded at Winsen, Germany on 15 April 1946.


10th AACTA Awards
The 10th Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards (generally known as the AACTA Awards) is an award's ceremony to celebrate the best of Australian films and television of 2020. The main ceremony was held at The Star in Sydney and televised on Foxtel Arts and the Seven Network.


10th AACTA International Awards
The 10th Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts International Awards, commonly known as the AACTA International Awards, is presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA), a non-profit organisation whose aim is to identify, award, promote and celebrate Australia's greatest achievements in film and television. Awards were handed out for the best films of 2020 regardless of the country of origin, and are the international counterpart to the awards for Australian films.


10th AACTA International Awards
Nominations were announced on 12 February 2021. The categories were also expanded to recognize television productions with four categories: Best Comedy Series, Best Drama Series, Best Actor in a Series, and Best Actress in a Series. Winners were announced on 5 March 2021.


10th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards
The 10th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards, presented by AARP the Magazine, honored films released in 2010 made by people over the age of 50 and were announced on January 14, 2011. The ceremony was hosted by actors Dana Delany and Peter Gallagher on February 7, 2011 at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles. Robert Redford was the winner of the annual Career Achievement Award, and Helen Mirren won the award for Breakthrough Achievement for her performance in Red.


10th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards, Awards, Winners and Nominees
Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().


10th AVN Awards
The 10th AVN Awards ceremony, presented by Adult Video News (AVN), honored pornographic films released in 1992 in the United States and took place in January 1993, at Bally's Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada. During the ceremony, AVN presented AVN Awards in 67 categories. The ceremony was produced by Gary Miller and directed by S. Marco DiMercurio. Actor Randy West hosted the show for the second consecutive year, with actresses Porsche Lynn and Ona Zee as co-hosts.


10th AVN Awards
The Party won eight AVN awards but Best Film went to Face Dance, Parts 1 & 2, which also won Best Director—Film for John Stagliano.


10th AVN Awards, Winners and nominees
The winners were announced during the awards ceremony in January 1993. Ashlyn Gere won the grand slam of erotic acting: Female Performer of the Year, Best Actress in a Feature Film and Best Actress in a Video.


10th AVN Awards, Winners and nominees, Major awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().


10th AVN Awards, Winners and nominees, Honorary AVN awards, Hall of Fame
AVN Hall of Fame inductees for 1993 were: Erica Boyer, David Christopher, Debi Diamond, Jim Holliday, Fred J. Lincoln, Richard Mailer, William Margold, Peter North, Loni Sanders, Jeff Stryker, Marc Wallice, Ona Zee


10th AVN Awards, Presenters and performers
The following individuals, in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. The show's trophy girl was Shayla LaVeaux.


10th AVN Awards, Ceremony information
Actor Randy West hosted the show for the second consecutive year. His co-host for the first half of the show was Porsche Lynn while Ona Zee co-hosted the last half. Randy West opened the show with a song, “We Put the X in Sex”, the lyrics of which contained names of several actors and actresses.


10th AVN Awards, Ceremony information
Several other people were involved with the production of the ceremony. The live show was produced by Gary Todd while musical direction was undertaken by Mark J. Miller. A VHS videotape of the show was also published and sold by VCA Pictures, which was produced and directed by S. Marco DiMercurio.


10th AVN Awards, Ceremony information
There were several new categories this year, including Female Performer of the Year, Male Performer of the Year, Best Gonzo Video and Best Amateur or Pro-Am Video series.


10th AVN Awards, Ceremony information
Chameleons was announced as both the top selling movie and the top renting movie of the year.


10th AVN Awards, Ceremony information, Critical reviews
Hustler magazine was critical of the awards, pointing out the Best Marketing Campaign award went to a video that wasn't released in 1992, and adding, “No matter. The AVN show isn't about accuracy. The annual exercise is a tuxedo-clad circle-jerk from AVN to all its advertisers. The joke is watching so many smut peddlers and performers take it seriously.”


10th AVN Awards, Ceremony information, Critical reviews
Cheri magazine was more charitable, calling the awards “the porn industry's biggest party of the year.”


10th AVN Awards, Notes
Randy Spears was announced as the winner of Best Supporting Actor—Film in VCA Pictures' VHS videotape of the awards show, and a clip featuring him in The Secret Garden is shown. Cheri magazine also reported Spears as the winner of this category. However, Adult Video News magazine reported that the category was won by Joey Silvera for his role in Face Dance, Parts 1 & 2. AVN has repeated this in its lists of past winners published online and in subsequent awards show official programs. AVN did not report whether an error was made at the show, so it may be an error in their publications.


10th Academy Awards
The 10th Academy Awards were originally scheduled for March 3, 1938, but due to the Los Angeles flood of 1938 were held on March 10, 1938, at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California. It was hosted by Bob Burns.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
Two categories were discontinued following this presentation: Best Dance Direction, which was the only nomination ever received by a Marx Brothers film (Dave Gould for the dance number "All God's Children Got Rhythm" in A Day at the Races), and Best Assistant Director.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
The Life of Emile Zola was the first film to receive ten nominations and the second biographical film to win Best Picture, following the previous year's The Great Ziegfeld.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
Luise Rainer received the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Good Earth, earning her the distinctions of being the first actor to win two Academy Awards and the first to win consecutive acting awards, following her performance in The Great Ziegfeld.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
A Star Is Born was the first color film to receive a Best Picture nomination.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the world's first full-length Technicolor animated feature film with sound and widely seen as one of the greatest motion pictures of all time, received only one nomination (Best Score). In the following year, the Academy presented Disney an Honorary Academy Award, "for creating Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [1937], recognized as a significant screen innovation which has charmed millions and pioneered a great new entertainment field for the motion picture cartoon". (One statuette and seven miniature statuettes on a stepped base.) This is a rare case of a film being recognized in two succeeding ceremonies.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
The presentation of the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award began, presented to Darryl F. Zanuck, who also as of 2014 holds the record for most presentations at three.


10th Academy Awards, Distinctions
This was the first year in which every film nominated for Best Picture received multiple nominations.


10th Academy Awards, Awards
Nominations announced on February 6, 1938. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.


10th Aerospace Defense Group
The 10th Aerospace Defense Group was inactivated on 31 December 1970 by the United States Air Force (USAF). Its last assignment was with Fourteenth Aerospace Force at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The 10th Aerospace Defense Group and Squadron were the sole operators of the United States' second nuclear-tipped anti-satellite weapon, Weapons System 437 (WS-437). For this reason the squadron continues the group history through temporary bestowal.


10th Aerospace Defense Group
The United States Air Force's 10th Air Defense Squadron is also an inactive USAF organization, that preceded and followed the 10th group at Vandenberg as the 10th Aerospace Defense Squadron. Once WS-437 became non-operational in the 1970s, the squadron assumed the mission of launching Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites into orbit until its mission was transferred. It was later activated an air defense unit and from 1992 to 1997 was located at Wheeler AFS, Hawaii.