1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Main project - "Dialectic of Hope"
The interactive work "Zapf de Pipi" by the Austrian art group Gelitin turned out to be the most radical. The object was a wooden toilet stall protruding from the window onto the street, into the courtyard of the museum, where there were severe February frosts. Anyone could walk into the booth and urinate. In the courtyard, a stalactite of a characteristic yellow color hung down, which was the final piece of art. The artists dedicated their brainchild to Marcel Duchamp, who exhibited a urinal as an art object, and Joseph Beuys, who declared that everyone is an artist. Later it was reported that the "stalactite" was prepared by the artists themselves, a few days before the opening of the exhibition, pouring lightly brewed tea on a specially fixed wooden pin.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Special projects and guests
More than 30 special projects were presented at the 1st Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art. They were housed in the Pushkin Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Central House of Artists, the Moscow Museum of Modern Art (MMMA) and the Museum Center of the Russian State University for the Humanities. The artists Christian Boltanski (France), Bill Viola (USA) and Ilya Kabakov (USA) were invited as special guests.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Special projects and guests
The classic of Moscow Conceptualism, Ilya Kabakov, who lives in the US, did not come to Moscow, but presented his famous work “16 pitches”, created in 1984 and considered to be the first "total installation". The work was exhibited in the same place where it was first shown: in the former workshop of Ilya Kabakov, located in the attic of the house of the insurance company "Russia" at Sretensky Boulevard, 6/1.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Special projects and guests
Christian Boltanski's work "The Ghosts of Odessa" was housed in two wings of the Museum of Architecture.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Special projects and guests
American artist Bill Viola presented his video installation "Greetings" in a small hall of the Greek courtyard of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. The video installation "revived" Pontormo's painting "The Meeting of Mary and Elizabeth": three actresses portraying the heroines of Pontormo's painting acted out a scene of the meeting [34]. The ultra-high-definition video was played back in slow motion and instead of the prescribed minute lasted about ten minutes, so that viewers could capture the smallest nuances in the change in the characters' facial expressions. The exposition was opened by the director of the museum, Irina Antonova, in whose opinion “Greeting” became the best work of the Biennale.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Parallel program
For the parallel program, more than 200 artists and art groups were selected - participants in most of the significant exhibitions of contemporary art in Moscow that took place during the Biennale. Many artists, galleries and curators with various projects participated in two programs at once - main / special and parallel.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Parallel program
Among the most eminent participants in the parallel program of the 1st Moscow Biennale: Ilya and Emilia Kabakov, Ukrainian photographer Boris Mikhailov, Vladislav Efimov, Aristarkh Chernyshev, Anatoly Osmolovsky, Lyudmila Gorlova, George Pusenkoff, Boris Matrosov, Maxim Kantor, necrorelist Yevgeny Yufit, Rostan Tavasiev, Slava Mogutin, Anna Broche, Alexey Zverolovlev, Dmitry Shorin, Nikolay Nasedkin, Alexander Gnilitsky, Ananta Dasa and others. Also, the list of the parallel program of the biennale included non-personal exhibitions and entire festivals, for example, the 2nd international festival of digital art Art Digital-2004 with the central project of Konstantin Khudyakov and Viktor Bondarenko Deisis / Anthropology.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Results
The main result of the 1st Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, according to many commentators, was the confident statement of Russia about itself in the world art community.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Results
The Biennale was attended by about 200 thousand people, and 600 publications dedicated to this event were published in the Russian and world press. Among the shortcomings were named: the transfer of the main site of the forum "at the last moment", the lack of discussions, lectures, direct communication between spectators and artists.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Results
Based on the results of the show, it was concluded that the idea of the Moscow Biennale had proved its viability, and immediately after the event was closed, discussion and preparation for the 2nd Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art started. These works were taken over by the curator-coordinator of the 1st Moscow Biennale, Joseph Backstein, who established the art fund-operator “Moscow Biennale” for these purposes and acted as the Commissioner of the Moscow Biennale until the abolition of this position in 2016.


1 Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Results
We must make this decision that for our country the Moscow Biennale is no less important than the Moscow Film Festival, which was held for the 27th time, the Tchaikovsky Competition or the Chekhov Festival, and so on and so forth. Daniil Dondurey, editor-in-chief, Iskusstvo Kino


1 New York Place
1 New York Place was a supertall skyscraper proposed in 2002 that would have risen 1,050 feet (350 meters) tall and had ninety floors, but the project was canceled. It was supposed to be located in New York City’s Financial District in Lower Manhattan. It would have taken up an entire block on Broadway where Fulton Street and John Street meet.


1 New York Place
The tower was designed by Kohn Pederson Fox and projected to cost $680 million. It would have had 1.3 million square feet (121,000 square meters) of floor space, allocating 679,000 square feet of floor space to be occupied by business owners and small companies. The building would have offered 68 floors of apartment space.


1 New York Place
Underneath the suggested location, another project was proposed. According to the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation and The New York Times, the project would be the headhouse building for the Fulton Center, an underground transit hub proposed by Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) with a projected cost of $2 billion. The MTA would have been a partner, with their proposed transit hub at the location.


1 New York Place
Trevor Davis, the project developer from South Africa, was very optimistic throughout the beginning phases of the proposed skyscraper, despite the tension in New York only a year after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center.


1 New York Place
Aby Rosen and Michael Fuchs are investing partners and co-founders of RFR Realty: Before the cancellation of the project, the two investors were set to partner with Trevor Davis for the construction of 1 New York Place.


1 New York Plaza
1 New York Plaza is an office building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, at the intersection of South and Whitehall Streets near South Ferry. The building, measuring 640 feet (200 m) tall with 50 floors, is the southernmost skyscraper in Lower Manhattan. It was designed by William Lescaze & Assocs. and Kahn & Jacobs, and developed by Sol Atlas and John P. McGrath.


1 New York Plaza
The facade was designed by Nevio Maggiora, consisting of a boxlike "beehive" pattern with the windows recessed within, made of aluminum-clad wall elements resembling a type of thermally activated elevator button popular at the time of construction. There is a 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) retail concourse on the lower level.


1 New York Plaza, History, Construction and early years
In 1959, the City of New York attempted to acquire the land under this development through eminent domain as part of the Battery Park Urban Renewal Area. The plan involved consolidating several blocks into a "superblock" for public housing. When that plan fell through, the city hoped to entice the New York Stock Exchange to relocate to the property. However, the owner of the property—the firm of Atlas McGrath—successfully sued to retain their land, claiming they were more than willing to develop the site privately.


1 New York Plaza, History, Construction and early years
Shortly after groundbreaking, Chase Manhattan Bank signed a 30-year, $200 million lease for 1.062 million square feet (98,700 m2) of space across 22 floors in the building. Investment bank Salomon Brothers was another early tenants, moving into the building in 1970. On August 5, 1970, the building suffered a fire in which two people were killed and 35 injured. The deaths were caused after an occupied elevator was "summoned" to the burning floor when one of the thermally-activated call buttons—designed to react to a warm finger tapping it—reacted instead to the heat of the fire on that floor.


1 New York Plaza, History, Construction and early years
Insurance brokerage Thomson & McKinnon Auchincloss Kohlmeyer signed a lease for 115,000 square feet (10,700 m2) on the building's 47th through 49th floors in February 1975. At the time, the building was reportedly 95% occupied. In March 1978, investment bank First Boston signed a lease for 191,000 square feet (17,700 m2) in the building, relocating from nearby 20 Exchange Place.


1 New York Plaza, History, Chase ownership
In 1989, Chase purchased the building for $140 million. However, in 1991 Chase moved much of its staff from the building to MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn and Salomon Brothers left for 7 World Trade Center. With the additional loss of Thomson & McKinnon, which had declared bankruptcy, 1.7 million square feet (160,000 m2) of the building were vacant.


1 New York Plaza, History, Chase ownership
Chase renovated the building in the early 1990s, spending $50 million to improve the lobby, elevator cabs and plaza and an additional $50 million on asbestos removal. Shortly afterward, Prudential Securities signed a lease for over 1 million square feet (93,000 m2) of space in the building. The company received at least $106 million in tax breaks and incentives for the move and invested over $147 million in the space to build a data center, trading floor and special generators to ensure power to the building.


1 New York Plaza, History, Chase ownership
Two years later, in 1994, Prudential expanded by leasing another 145,000 square feet (13,500 m2) in the building. The same year, Goldman Sachs leased 425,000 square feet (39,500 m2) of space in the building.


1 New York Plaza, History, Trizec Properties ownership
In 1999, Canadian real estate company Trizec Properties purchased the building for $390 million from Chase Manhattan Bank. One New York Plaza's air-conditioning chiller depends on Con Ed's New York City steam system. On August 11, 2001, a steam turbine failed in the basement, and the damage from the resulting explosion disrupted Goldman's market-making NASDAQ activities for the day.


1 New York Plaza, History, Trizec Properties ownership
In 2003, Prudential Securities was acquired by Wachovia causing the combined company to offer all 1.3 million square feet (120,000 m2) of its space in the building for sublease. Morgan Stanley signed a lease for 648,000 square feet (60,200 m2) of Prudential's former office space in June 2005. The company committed to moving 2,300 employees to the building and received $11 million in tax incentives from New York State. Around the same time, the law firm Fried Frank renewed their 380,000 square feet (35,000 m2) space on the building's 22nd-30th floors.


1 New York Plaza, History, Trizec Properties ownership
Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs provided a $400 million commercial mortgage-backed security mortgage on the building in 2006. That same year, Brookfield Office Properties acquired Trizec Properties, becoming the new owners of 1 New York Plaza.


1 New York Plaza, History, Trizec Properties ownership
In April 2012, Morgan Stanley expanded to 1.153 million square feet (107,100 m2) of space in a lease that runs through 2029. The new space was formerly occupied by Goldman Sachs until it consolidated into the recently completed 200 West Street in 2011. After the expansion, the building was about 85% occupied.


1 New York Plaza, History, Hurricane Sandy and recent history
In October 2012, the building was heavily damaged by Hurricane Sandy when an estimated 28 million US gallons (110,000 kl) of water flooded the lower levels of the building. The retail concourse was submerged and needed to be completely gut-renovated. Office tenants were allowed to return starting November 17, 2012, and the retail concourse reopened in the winter of 2014.


1 New York Plaza, History, Hurricane Sandy and recent history
In March 2014, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners moved their headquarters to a 19,218 square feet (1,785.4 m2) space on the building's 42nd floor. Around the same time, Revlon moved into 91,164 square feet (8,469.4 m2) on the top two floors of the building that had previously served as Goldman Sachs' trading floors. The same year, architectural design firm Davis Brody Bond also moved into 26,354 square feet (2,448.4 m2) on the 42nd floor, the National Futures Association took 36,000 square feet (3,300 m2) on the 43rd floor, and WellCare signed a lease for 68,323 square feet (6,347.4 m2). Macmillan Publishers signed the largest deal of the year at the building, taking 176,121 square feet (16,362.2 m2) across the 45th through 48th floors for their Science and Education division. After the flurry of deals, the building ended the year 99% occupied.


1 New York Plaza, History, Hurricane Sandy and recent history
The building's retail concourse reopened in the winter of 2015 after a three year, $14 million redesign. New tenants in the space included Starbucks, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Chopt, and Gateway Newstands.


1 New York Plaza, History, Hurricane Sandy and recent history
In March 2016, Wells Fargo provided a $750 million mortgage on the building. Two months later, the China Investment Corporation sovereign wealth fund paid $700 million for a 49% stake in the building from Brookfield, valuing the property at over $1.4 billion. At the end of the year, AEW Capital Management acquired a roughly 15% stake from Brookfield for $232.2 million at the same $1.4 billion valuation.


1 New York Plaza, Tenants
Notable former occupants of One New York Plaza include Salomon Brothers in its heyday and Goldman Sachs. Current tenants are Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson Morgan Stanley, Nature Publishing Group, and Revlon.


1 New York Street
1 New York Street is a high rise office building in Manchester, England. Designed by Denton Corker Marshall, the building is situated on Mosley Street opposite 38 and 42 Mosley Street. The building opened in 2009 with Bank of New York Mellon as its main tenant.


1 New York Street, Architecture
The design consists of two glass and metal ‘boxes’ that appear to jut out of the main building, while the building facade consists of a glass and aluminium cladding to present a strong urban form and distinctive character. The city centre location of the 1 New York Street site presented a number of challenges due to adjacent tram lines in the road and tunnels underneath the building. To minimise disturbance to both the tram lines and the surrounding area, the existing basement structure has been used in conjunction with new pile foundations. 1 New York Street is the first speculative building in central Manchester to be awarded a BREEAM ‘excellent’ rating.


1 News
1 News is the news division of New Zealand television network TVNZ. The service is broadcast live from TVNZ Centre in Auckland. The flagship news bulletin is the nightly 6 pm news hour, but 1 News also has midday and late night news bulletins, as well as current affairs shows such as Breakfast and Seven Sharp.


1 News
The 6 pm programme is New Zealand's most-watched news programme. As of July 2008, it has a market share of 44% (651,400+ each night).


1 News
TVNZ’s Head of News and Current Affairs is Paul Yurisich. He replaced John Gillespie who departed TVNZ in 2020.


1 News
1 News was awarded Best News in the Qantas Media Awards from 2008 through 2011 and won Best Breaking News in the New Zealand Film and Television Awards 2012.


1 News, History
Television news in New Zealand started in 1960 with the introduction of television. These bulletins were broadcast from New Zealand's four main cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin) operating independently of each other due to technical constraints. The Wahine disaster in April 1968 highlighted the need for a nationwide news network; footage shot in Wellington could not be broadcast in other centres around the country at the same time, and the extra-tropical cyclone which contributed to the disaster also grounded air traffic preventing the film being flown to other centres.


1 News, History
In October 1969 the nationwide TV network was completed. The first network news broadcast was live on 3 November 1969 at 7:35 pm, read by Dougal Stevenson. This bulletin was possible due to microwave links being established between the four main centres; the programme was called the NZBC Network News. Initially, it was read by Philip Sherry, Dougal Stevenson or Bill Toft on a rotating roster.


1 News, History
Prior to the building of the Warkworth satellite communications station in 1971, international programmes could not be received live – the footage had to be flown into New Zealand and was often days old.


1 News, History
The NZBC Network News featured many other newsreaders until the NZBC was dissolved in 1975. The programme was then renamed as simply News.


1 News, History, TV One and TV2/South Pacific Television (SPTV) era (1975-80)
TV One began broadcasting on 1 April 1975 and moved its evening news bulletin to 6:30 pm, with Dougal Stevenson or Bill McCarthy reading the news on a rotating roster until 15 February 1980.


1 News, History, TV One and TV2/South Pacific Television (SPTV) era (1975-80)
TV2 followed suit on 30 June 1975 and its main evening news was initially broadcast at 7 pm before moving to the earlier timeslot of 6 pm by the end of 1975. Jennie Goodwin was the first female newsreader in New Zealand to anchor a nightly television news programme, although Angela D'Audney was the first two years earlier. TV2 was rebranded as South Pacific Television in December 1976 to distinguish itself from the former NZBC channel and within the next year, its main evening news was read by Tom Bradley and Philip Sherry (later replaced by John Hawkesby) until South Pacific Television ceased transmission on 15 February 1980.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
TV One and South Pacific Television were amalgamated into Television New Zealand on 16 February 1980 and its main evening news continued to broadcast at 6:30 pm on TV One. From 31 March 1980, four regional news programmes were broadcast – one in each of the four main regions: Top Half (Auckland and the upper North Island), Today Tonight (Wellington and the lower North Island and originally the upper South Island), The Mainland Touch (Christchurch, Canterbury and later the upper South Island) and 7:30 South (Dunedin, Otago and Southland). Initially, these programmes aired at 7:30 pm and ran for half an hour in duration.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In February 1982, the main bulletin was revamped and broadcast from 6:30-7:30 pm; the one-hour package incorporated the day's national and international news, regional news programmes and the weather forecast. At the same time, Dunedin's 7:30 South was rebranded as The South Tonight and TVNZ introduced a feature segment called Nationwide; it contained regional items of national interest, as well as "sidebars" – items which, for example, focused on the human interest element of an event outlined in the network news.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In late 1983, Nationwide was dropped, with the main bulletin extended to fill the time and give greater sports news coverage.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
During the mid-1980s, Philip Sherry and Tom Bradley shared the role of newsreader on a rotating roster with Richard Long and Tony Ciprian alternately presenting sports news. Weather was presented on alternate nights by Veronica Allum and Sue Scott.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
The main bulletin was revamped in November 1986 and renamed as the Network News, with Judy Bailey and Neil Billington initially co-presenting in a double-headed format and replacing Philip Sherry. Tom Bradley moved to weekends, where he alternated with Angela D'Audney as weekend anchor.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In February 1988, sports anchor Richard Long took over from Neil Billington as co-anchor of the Network News, the beginning of a partnership that would continue for much of the next 15 years. Tony Ciprian moved to the new commercial network TV3, the network's first sports producer. He was with 3 News for almost 20 years.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In July 1988, the Network News was moved to 6 pm and renamed as the Network News at Six but the weekend bulletin remained at 6:30 pm (as the Network News and Sport). The moving of the Network News to 6 pm also marked the introduction of computer-generated weather graphics and the arrival of Jim Hickey and Penelope Barr, who replaced Veronica Allum and Sue Scott as weather presenters.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
On 3 April 1989 TVNZ launched a new nightly current affairs programme, Holmes, which was presented by Paul Holmes. Holmes began screening at 6:30 pm. At the same time, the duration of the Network News at Six was reduced back to 30 minutes and the regional news programmes were transferred to around 5:45 pm on TV2. The year saw the introduction of TVNZ's first foreign correspondents – Liam Jeory in London and Susan Wood in Sydney.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In October 1989, the weekend Network News and Sport was moved from 6:30 pm to 6 pm.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In November 1989, the Network News was relaunched as One Network News; its renaming due to competition from new broadcasting station TV3's news programme 3 National News.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In December 1989, both Top Half and Today Tonight were axed by TVNZ but The Mainland Touch and The South Tonight continued for another year and screened on TV One at 5:45 pm as a lead-in to One Network News at 6 pm, with support from NZ On Air. The Christchurch and Dunedin based regional news programmes were axed at the end of 1990.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In February 1995, the main bulletin was again extended from 30 minutes to a full hour, screening from the now familiar 6 pm timeslot, followed by Holmes at 7 pm. The change coincided with the unveiling of a new studio set which was used until 2003. On 2 January 1995, the main One Network News bulletin was delayed for ten minutes after protesters occupied the studio angered the Māori-language bulletin Te Karere had being suspended over the Christmas and New Year period.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
On 11 August 1997, the early morning Telstra Business and Breakfast shows were first aired; Telstra Business was hosted by Michael Wilson; Breakfast hosted by Susan Wood and Mike Hosking.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
July 1998 saw the replacement of weekend news presenters Angela D'Audney and Tom Bradley with husband and wife Simon Dallow and Alison Mau. Bradley resigned, but D'Audney stayed as a backup presenter for other bulletins until her death in 2002.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In 1998, TVNZ signed 3 National News anchor John Hawkesby to replace Richard Long from the start of 1999. But when Haweskby began presenting One Network News at 6 pm alongside Judy Bailey, there was a public outcry over the separation of Bailey and Long, that lead to Long reinstated as co-anchor at 6 pm three weeks later. Hawkesby later took TVNZ to court, a dispute that he subsequently won.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
The programme was renamed again on 31 December 1999 to One News.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
2003 saw a major shake up of TVNZ's news and current affairs programming with entering head Bill Ralston making sweeping changes to the formats of many programmes. A new state-of-the-art studio came into use for One News programmes, but many presenters were culled. The changes saw the end of Long and Bailey's 15-year partnership; from January 2004, the main 6 pm bulletin reverted to a single-headed broadcast with Judy Bailey as anchor. Jim Hickey, TVNZ's most popular weather presenter, and sports presenter April Bruce (née Ieremia) also left in 2003. Hickey returned to One News in 2007.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
Close Up was launched in November 2004, when Paul Holmes, host of the Holmes programme, resigned following failed contract negotiations. Close Up followed the same format as Holmes, but was hosted by Susan Wood until her sudden resignation in 2006. Mark Sainsbury became the main host following her resignation.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In October 2005, TVNZ announced that it would not be renewing long-standing flagship broadcaster Judy Bailey's contract; some observers believe this was a direct reaction to the programme's market share decline in Auckland to 3 News. An emotional Bailey signed off for the final time at the end of the 6 pm One News bulletin on 23 December 2005. She was TVNZ's longest serving newsreader and had been reporting and presenting with both NZBC and TVNZ for 34 years. When the 6 pm edition of One News returned after the Christmas break of 2005–2006, it reverted to double-headed presentation with Wendy Petrie and Simon Dallow taking over from Bailey. The weekend 6 pm bulletin remained single-headed until September 2008, when popular presenter Peter Williams joined Bernadine Oliver-Kerby as co-anchor.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
Sir Paul Holmes returned to TVNZ as the host on the new political programme Q+A in 2009. He hosted the programme until late 2012, when illness prevented him from continuing his duties. He died on 1 February 2013.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
TVNZ celebrated One News' 40th birthday on 3 November 2009 with some archival footage available on their website. Later that year, Jennie Goodwin, David Beatson, Dougal Stevenson and Lindsay Perigo returned to read one Breakfast news segment each.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
A Saturday edition of Breakfast, called Saturday Breakfast, was broadcast from 3 September 2011, hosted by Rawdon Christie and Toni Street, and ran until the end of 2012, when it and One News at 4:30 were cancelled for financial reasons.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In September 2012 an announcement was made that TVNZ would discontinue Close Up at the end of 2012. The final Close Up programme screened on 30 November 2012 and in early 2013, an announcement was made of the replacement show, named Seven Sharp. The first show screened on 4 February 2013.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
1 News has reporters and correspondents based around New Zealand and internationally, with bureaus in Australia, Europe, USA, and in the Pacific.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
Former BBC meteorologist Daniel Corbett joined the weather team in September 2014. In December 2014, Jim Hickey left his position as head weather forecaster. Nearly a year later Karen Olsen left the weathercaster position, making her final broadcast on 16 November 2015.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
The programme was renamed 1 News in 2016, when TV One was renamed TVNZ 1.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand as part of cost-cutting measures, 1 News will revert to a single news presenter for its 6pm bulletin. Simon Dallow would remain on as the sole newsreader while Wendy Petrie would lose her role. Petrie would remain at TVNZ as a backup presenter across other 1 News programmes.


1 News, History, TVNZ era (1980-present)
In 2020, 1 News was named as the most trusted news source during the COVID-19 pandemic.


1 News, News bulletins, Breakfast
Breakfast airs short news updates every half-hour, from 6 am until 8:30 am, hosted by Indira Stewart. Weather reports air every half-hour, from 6.05 am until 8.35 am, and are presented by Matty McLean.


1 News, News bulletins, 1 News at Midday
1 News at Midday is a half-hour long bulletin that airs at midday each weekday, and is hosted by Chris Chang. It airs every weekday at 12:00pm on TVNZ 1 and competed with Three's Newshub Midday until Newshub discontinued its midday bulletin in July 2016, making 1 News at Midday the only midday television news bulletin in New Zealand. Newshub reintroduced its midday bulletin in February 2021, although it is styled as Newshub Live at 11:30am and aired 30 minutes earlier than 1 News at Midday.


1 News, News bulletins, 1 News at 6pm
1 News at Six is 1 News' flagship hour-long bulletin, airing nightly at 6 pm; it is hosted by Simon Dallow on weekdays and Melissa Stokes at weekends. Sport is presented by Hayley Holt or Andrew Saville, and weather by Daniel Corbett or Renee Wright.


1 News, News bulletins, 1 News at 6pm
The bulletin usually commences with national and international news stories for the first 40 minutes, followed by sports news for around 15 minutes. At the conclusion of the bulletin, weather is presented.


1 News, News bulletins, 1 News Tonight
1 News Tonight is a half-hour long bulletin that airs at approximately 10:30 pm on TVNZ 1 each weeknight, and is usually hosted by Jenny Suo. It competes with Three's Newshub Late.


1 News, Current affairs programmes, Seven Sharp
Seven Sharp is a half-hour current affairs programme which airs at 7 pm each weekday. Presented by Hilary Barry and Jeremy Wells, it features mostly current event or local human interest stories. It was launched in 2013, replacing Close Up and long serving broadcaster Mark Sainsbury.


1 News, Current affairs programmes, Te Karere
Te Karere is a half-hour news programme broadcast at 4 pm weekdays entirely in Māori. It is presented by Scotty Morrison. The weather is also broadcast in Māori. Te Karere regularly attracts between 50,000 – 80,000 viewers a day.


1 News, Current affairs programmes, Q+A
Q+A is an hour-long political show that airs at 9 am on Sundays. Presented by Jack Tame, it consists of an interview with a politician that has been in the news during the previous week and a panel debate on a political hot topic. Q+A has been screening since March 2009, originally on Sunday mornings; since July 2018, it has been broadcast in primetime. By mid-2020, it returned to its traditional Sunday morning timeslot.


1 News, Current affairs programmes, Q+A
Q+A won Best News/Current Affairs Programme in the 2009 Qantas Media Awards.


1 News, Current affairs programmes, 20/20
20/20 is an investigative news and current affairs magazine style show presented by Carolyn Robinson. The show has a similar format to that of its US namesake. It airs on TVNZ 1 and consists of both local content and international stories (often produced by partner networks, such as ABC). 20/20 's set is the shared TVNZ News and Current Affairs studio in the TVNZ Television Centre in central Auckland.


1 News, 1 News Special
1 News Special episodes are often aired during international, one-off and breaking news events. For international breaking news stories, 1 News often airs a video feed from other news organisations. 1 News has aired specials for the following events:


1 News, 1 News Special
During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand a 1 News Special was broadcast most days at 1pm. During the 1pm broadcast Director-General of Health Ashley Bloomfield would announce how many new cases of coronavirus were in New Zealand.


1 News, 1 News Reporters
This list does not include reporters from 20/20, Q+A, Fair Go, Sunday, Te Karere, Marae, Breakfast and Seven Sharp. TVNZ has one of the largest news gathering teams in the country - based in New Zealand and in TVNZ bureaus around the world.


1 Night (film)
1 Night is a 2016 American romance drama film written and directed by Minhal Baig. It stars Anna Camp, Justin Chatwin, Isabelle Fuhrman and Kyle Allen.


1 Night (film), Production
The film was shot in Los Angeles over a period of 16 days. Principal photography began on September 25, 2014, and ended on October 11, 2014.


1 Night (film), Release
The film had its world premiere at the Austin Film Festival on October 14, 2016. Independent distributors Level 33 Entertainment and LevelFILM released the film in select theaters and through video on demand on February 10, 2017 in the US and Canada.


1 Night (film), Critical reception
1 Night received mostly negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a 20% rating, based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review stating that: "The writing/directing debut of Minhal Baig enlists experienced actors but has little idea what to do with them, making a hash of its intended meditation on the compromises required by long-term relationships."


1 Night in China
1 Night in China is a pornographic film directed by Marcos Nunez and featuring professional wrestling personalities Sean Waltman and Joanie Laurer. It was released by Red Light District Video in 2004. While Waltman and Laurer were engaged at the time they made the film, they broke up before it was released. Laurer subsequently made several pornographic films, beginning with Another Night in China in 2009, which is considered to be a sequel to 1 Night in China.


1 Night in China, Plot
The film features scenes of Laurer and Waltman taking a guided tour of China, intercut with footage of the pair participating in explicit anal, vaginal, and oral sex acts, with special emphasis on an anal sex scene, which serves as the climax of the film. Waltman admits to being under the influence of methamphetamine and marijuana during much of the film.


1 Night in China, Etymology
The title of the film is a play on words, as Laurer wrestled in the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Chyna (pronounced "China"). A similarly named sex tape featuring Paris Hilton, also distributed by Red Light District, was titled 1 Night in Paris.


1 Night in China, Distribution
Laurer and Waltman approached Red Light District Video in late 2004 to distribute the tape. The film sold over 100,000 copies. According to the company, both Laurer and Waltman shared in the profits. Because of the film, Laurer received a career boost, soon appearing as a cast member on The Surreal Life on VH1.


1 Night in China, Reception
In January 2006, the film won an Adult Video News Award for the Top Selling Release of the Year.


1 Night in Paris
1 Night in Paris is a 2004 pornographic video directed by Rick Salomon. Promoted by Kevin Blatt, it depicts Paris Hilton having sexual intercourse in 2001 with Salomon. Not originally intended for release, it was filmed primarily with a single, stationary, tripod-mounted camera using "night vision". However, a handful of scenes were filmed indoors without night vision.


1 Night in Paris, Release
The video was released by Salomon shortly after Hilton's TV series The Simple Life debuted, causing a media sensation. When Hilton stated publicly that she had been "out of it", didn't know what she was doing during the taping of the video and did not approve its public release, Salomon sued Hilton for defamation. Hilton then countersued Salomon over the release of the tape, settling out of court in July 2005. According to reports, Hilton was awarded as much as $400,000 and planned to donate a percentage to charity.


1 Night in Paris, Release
In a 2006 interview with the British edition of GQ magazine, Hilton stated: "I never received a dime from the video. It's just dirty money and (Salomon) should give it all to some charity for the sexually abused or something. To be honest, I don't even think about it any more."


1 Night in Paris, Release
The video received the AVN Awards in 2005 for "Best Selling Title of the Year", "Best Renting Title of the Year" and "Best Overall Marketing Campaign – Individual Project". The DVD titled 1 Night in Paris is distributed by Red Light District, a production company that produces and distributes pornographic videos. The rights to the video has since been purchased by Vivid Entertainment.


1 Night in Paris, Release
The official release of the video opened with a dedication that states: "In memory of 9/11/01... We will never forget."


1 Night in Paris, Release
American singer-songwriter P!nk parodied one of the scenes from the sex tape in her music video for her song Stupid Girls.


1 Night in Paris, Release
In 2021 interview with Vanity Fair, Hilton said the tape, which was released without her consent and caused a media sensation, was "humiliating" and is "something that will hurt me for the rest of my life."


1 Night in Paris, Release
"It's always there in the back of my mind. When it happened, people were so mean about it to me. The way that I was spoken about on nightly talk shows and the media, to see things with my family was just heartbreaking. I would be in tears every single day, I didn't want to leave my house, I felt like my life was over," she said.


1 Night in San Diego
1 Night in San Diego is a 2020 American comedy film written and directed by Penelope Lawson. The film was released on video on demand on November 17, 2020.


1 Night in San Diego, Plot
Hannah, a former reality star, and Brooklyn, a social media influencer, are a pair of best friends and wannabe celebrities who have recently moved out to Hollywood. Facing personal and professional woes, they accept an invitation to spend time with a former high school crush in San Diego. When they ultimately find him unappealing, they decide to spend a debauchery-filled night out in the city that will test the limits of their friendship.


1 Night in San Diego, Release
The film was released on VOD and digital platforms on November 17, 2020.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan
On 1 November 1944, a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) F-13 Superfortress conducted the first flight by an Allied aircraft over the Tokyo region of Japan since the Doolittle Raid in April 1942. This photo reconnaissance sortie returned with 7000 photographs which helped with planning air raids on Japan during the last months of World War II. Attempts by Japanese air units and anti-aircraft gun batteries to shoot down the F-13 failed, as the available fighter aircraft and guns could not reach the high altitude at which it operated.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Background
In late 1944 the United States Twentieth Air Force's XXI Bomber Command prepared to conduct strategic bombing raids on the Japanese home islands from bases in the Mariana Islands. These attacks were to replace the largely unsuccessful Operation Matterhorn raids which had been conducted by XX Bomber Command aircraft based in India and staging through bases in China since June 1944. While XX Bomber Command conducted photo reconnaissance sorties over Japan as part of this effort, the aircraft flying from China lacked the range to reach Japan's main industrial centers. Without photographic intelligence XXI Bomber Command was unable to develop detailed plans for raids against its intended targets.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Background
On 10 October 1944 the Committee of Operations Analysts, which provided advice to USAAF commanders on suitable strategic bombardment targets, recommended that photo reconnaissance flights be conducted over Japan's main industrial areas as soon as possible to provide intelligence which could be used to direct raids from the Mariana Islands. These operations were to be conducted by the 3d Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron (3d PRS), which was the only photo reconnaissance unit in the XXI Bomber Command.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Background
The 3d PRS had been formed on 10 June 1941. After conducting flights over the Americas, it was deployed to the China-Burma-India Theater. The unit flew mapping missions over the region from 10 December 1943 until it was disbanded and re-formed in the United States during April 1944 to be equipped with the new F-13 photo reconnaissance variant of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress heavy bomber. Due to delays to the development of the F-13, the 3d PRS was unable to commence training on the type until 24 August, and began to receive its first operational F-13s on 4 October. 3d PRS F-13s began to depart for Saipan in the Mariana Islands on 19 October, where they would be supported by the unit's ground echelon which had arrived on 18 September.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Photo reconnaissance sortie
The first two 3d PRS F-13s arrived at Saipan on 30 October after a 33-hour flight from Mather Field in California via Oahu and Kwajalein. While the commander of the XXI Bomber Command, Brigadier General Haywood S. Hansell, encouraged the exhausted airmen to rest, they insisted on conducting a flight over Japan as soon as possible.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Photo reconnaissance sortie
At 5.55 am on 1 November an F-13 whose crew was led by Captain Ralph D. Steakley took off from Saipan bound for Japan. Weather conditions over Tokyo were perfect for photo reconnaissance, with the skies free of clouds. Flying at 32,000 feet (9,800 m), Steakley's aircraft repeatedly passed over a complex of aircraft and engine plants to the west of Tokyo, before moving on to photograph a similar facility near the city of Nagoya. Overall, the American airmen took 7,000 photos during the mission.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Photo reconnaissance sortie
While most of the photos of Tokyo were of industrial areas, the aircraft also photographed the densely populated urban areas of the city which were firebombed later in the war. Steakley was surprised to encounter strong winds, and reported that his ground speed over Tokyo was sometimes only about 70 miles per hour (110 km/h). The jet stream over this region was not known to the USAAF at the time, and greatly complicated XXI Bomber Command's later air raids.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Photo reconnaissance sortie
The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service's 47th Sentai provided fighter cover for Tokyo on 1 November. The unit's Nakajima Ki-44 fighters began to take off from Narimasu airfield to intercept the F-13 at 1 pm. These aircraft were not designed to be used at high altitudes, and the Japanese airmen were unable to get closer than about 3,300 feet (1,000 m) from Steakley's aircraft. Two formations of fighters fired machine guns at the F-13, but did not hit it. Several batteries of Japanese anti-aircraft guns also unsuccessfully fired on the American aircraft.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Photo reconnaissance sortie
The F-13 was the first American aircraft to fly over Tokyo since the Doolittle Raid in April 1942, and was seen by many Japanese civilians. Its presence over the city and the failure of the military to shoot it down increased the concerns many had over the course of the war.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Aftermath
The F-13 returned to Saipan after a 14-hour flight. By the next day the crew had named the aircraft "Tokyo Rose" in reference to the propaganda broadcaster. Steakley received the Distinguished Flying Cross for the flight, and the other members of the crew were also later decorated. It took weeks to process all of the photographs and months to fully analyse them.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Aftermath
The photographs taken during the sortie were an important source of intelligence for the Twentieth Air Force and other American units, especially as 1 November proved to be the only day of the air campaign against Japan in which weather conditions over the home islands were entirely clear of cloud. Hansell later said the sortie had been probably the greatest single contribution to the air war with Japan.


1 November 1944 reconnaissance sortie over Japan, Aftermath
The 3d PRS flew 16 more sorties over Japan before XXI Bomber Command's first raid against Tokyo on 24 November, but several of these missions were frustrated by bad weather. One F-13 was lost during a mission to Nagoya on 21 November, but the squadron had nine aircraft at Saipan by the end of the month. The 3d PRS continued to fly reconnaissance sorties over Japan until the end of the war.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Algiers)
1 November 1954 Stadium (Arabic: ملعب 1 نوفمبر 1954 ; French: Stade du 1er Novembre 1954) is a multi-use stadium in the El Harrach quarter of Algiers, Algeria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of USM El Harrach. The stadium holds 8,000 people.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Algiers)
The stadium is named for the date of the founding of the National Liberation Front, which obtained independence for Algeria from France.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna)
Stade 1er Novembre 1954 (Arabic: ملعب 1 نوفمبر 1954) is a multi-use stadium in Batna, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of MSP Batna of the Algerian Championnat National. The stadium holds 20,000 spectators.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna)
The stadium is named for the date of the founding of the National Liberation Front, which obtained independence for Algeria from France.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna), Matches
The stadium has hosted one game of the Algeria national football team, against East Germany in 1985.


1 November 1954 Stadium (El Oued)
Stade 1er Novembre 1954 is a multi-use stadium in El Oued, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and athletics stadium is the home ground of . NT Souf is. The stadium holds 7,200 spectators. Number of football tournament has been held in this stadium.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Tizi Ouzou)
Stade du 1er Novembre 1954 is a multi-use stadium in Tizi Ouzou, Algeria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of jskabylie. The stadium holds 21,240 people. It is due to be replaced by the new Stade Abdelkader Khalef with a capacity of 50,000.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Tizi Ouzou)
The stadium is named for the date of the founding of the National Liberation Front, which obtained independence for Algeria from France.


1 November 1954 Stadium (Tizi Ouzou)
Following the death of footballer Albert Ebossé Bodjongo, the Algerian Football Federation suspended all football indefinitely and ordered the closure of the stadium.


1 Pace Plaza
1 Pace Plaza is the flagship building complex of Pace University in New York City, located directly across from the City Hall and adjacent to the Brooklyn Bridge ramp in the Civic Center neighborhood of Manhattan. The building houses the classrooms, administrative offices, a 2,000-square-foot (190 m2) student union, the 750-seat community theater of the Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts, the , and an 18-floor high-rise known as Maria's Tower. The 5th through 17th floors of Maria's Tower houses approximately 500 freshmen residents and the 18th floor holds university administrative offices.


1 Pace Plaza, History
Construction on 1 Pace Plaza started in December 1966 and was completed in 1970 on the site of the former New York Tribune Building. It was part of the 1960s Brooklyn Bridge Title I Project, which included the Southbridge Towers, the Beekman Hospital (now New York Downtown Hospital) and the World Trade Center.


1 Pace Plaza, History
The architects of 1 Pace Plaza were Eggers & Higgins. Israeli sculptor Nehemia Azaz, working with Paul Lampl, Chief Designer at Eggers & Higgins, created the "Brotherhood of Man" copper prismed sculpture that still adorns the Pace Plaza entrance on Frankfort Street.


1 Palace Green
1 Palace Green is a Grade II* listed house on Palace Green, Kensington, London. It was built by Arts and Crafts architect Philip Webb, completed in 1870 with additions in 1874, and decorated by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Company.


1 Palace Green, Construction
Webb designed the house over 1867–68 as a studio house for George Howard, a painter and the future 9th Earl of Carlisle, and his wife Rosalind Howard. The couple were associated with the Holland Park Circle of artists, and close friends of the artist Edward Burne-Jones.


1 Palace Green, Construction
Webb saw his design as a return to London building traditions. His use of plain red brick, sash windows and a large gable on the street front provoked opposition from James Pennethorne, the surveyor for the Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues, whose approval was needed as the site was leased from the Crown Estate. Pennethorne could not understand the Arts and Crafts architect's nonconformance to any traditional style or period of architecture, and thought the design vulgar compared to those of neighbouring developments, which Webb in turn despised. After a long dispute which grew to include other prominent architects, Webb agreed to add some more Portland stone dressings and redesign the gable. The house was constructed over 1868–70.


1 Palace Green, Construction
The L-plan house was tall compared to the neighbouring properties, having a kitchen basement level and three residential levels, with gables above. On the front elevation there is a two-storey bay window, projecting over the ground storey, surmounted by a parapet and the large, stone-faced gable. The porch incorporates a pointed arch. Webb positioned Howard's studio on the north side of the top residential storey, with its own staircase which led down to the garden, opening into a two-storey pointed-arch recess. In 1873–74 Webb returned to add a schoolroom next to the studio, over another tall pointed-arch recess, in the south elevation.


1 Palace Green, Furnishings and art
The house was furnished by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Company, in a style with painted ceilings and panelling which was similar to that of the Green Dining Room furnished by the company at the South Kensington Museum. William Morris worked on decorating the ceiling and walls of the house's dining room until 1881. This room also featured Cupid and Psyche, a frieze of 12 canvases started by Burne-Jones in 1870, based on the story in Morris's epic poem The Earthly Paradise. Burne-Jones completed it in 1882. Burne-Jones's painting Dies Domini hung in the drawing room. The decoration of Rosalind Howard's boudoir was entirely based around the hanging of his large 1879 painting The Annunciation.


1 Palace Green, Furnishings and art
The Howards later employed the company to decorate their other residences, Naworth Castle and Castle Howard, and their influence led to the commissioning of Webb as architect and the company as decorators for St Martin's Church, Brampton.


1 Palace Green, Later history
Widowed in 1911, Rosalind Howard sold the house in 1920, moving along and across the street to 13 Kensington Palace Gardens.


1 Palace Green, Later history
In 1957 the Crown Commissioners broke the house up into apartments.


1 Palace Street
1 Palace Street is a 302,377 sq ft (28,091.7 m2) development on Palace Street in Victoria, London, opposite Buckingham Palace.


1 Palace Street
Abu Dhabi Financial Group (ADFG) bought the site for £310 million in 2013, and it is being developed by Northacre, which is 70% owned by ADFG. When completed in 2018, it will comprise 72 apartments and incorporate an existing Grade II listed building.


1 Palace Street
The building facing Buckingham Gate, of which the 1861 facade will be retained was built as the Palace Hotel in the nineteenth century, before becoming offices, as Nobel House. It will be the only residential building to directly overlook the gardens of Buckingham Palace.


1 Palace Street
The architects are Squire & Partners, and the development will "reflect five architectural styles: 1860s Italianate Renaissance, 1880s French Renaissance, 1880s French Beaux Arts, 1890s Queen Anne, and contemporary".


1 Palace Street
In November 2015, it was reported by The Guardian that one of the apartments had been pre-sold for £20 million to an unknown buyer.


1 Parachute Battalion
1 Parachute Battalion (Ex Alto Vincimus) is the only full-time paratroop unit of the South African Army. It was established on 1 April 1961 with the formation of the Parachute Battalion. After 1998 this unit was renamed to Parachute Training Centre. It was the first battalion within 44 Parachute Brigade until 1999 when the brigade was downsized to 44 Parachute Regiment


1 Parachute Battalion
The battalion has performed many active operations in battle – producing many highly decorated soldiers – in the South African Border War from 1966 to 1989. Their best known action was the controversial Battle of Cassinga in 1978.


1 Parachute Battalion
The unit's nickname "Parabat" is a portmanteau derived from the words "Parachute Battalion".


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Origin
In 1960 fifteen volunteers from the SADF were sent to England at RAF Abingdon, the majority to train as parachute instructors, some as parachute-packers and one SAAF pilot in the dropping of paratroopers. These men together with an older unit called 2 Mobile Watch formed the nucleus of 1 Parachute Battalion at Tempe in Bloemfontein in April 1961.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Origin
The first paratroopers were Permanent Force men, but soon the training of Citizen Force (similar to the National Guard of the United States) paratroopers commenced.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, First Action
Members of 1 Parachute Battalion were the first S.A. Army men to see action after World War II when, in 1966, they participated, with the South African Police, against insurgents in South West Africa.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, First Action
In 1966, members of 1 Parachute Battalion participated in the first action in the war in South West Africa during a heliborne assault on an insurgent base. Thereafter, they were involved in operations in SWA/Namibia, Angola, Zambia, Mozambique and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and elsewhere on an almost constant basis for over 20 years.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Development of Sister Units
Further battalions were added: 2 Para Bn in 1971 and 3 Para Bn in 1977.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Border War
In 1974 and 1975 1 Parachute Battalion operated along the Angolan border with S.W.A; along the Caprivi Strip; a platoon jumped near Luiana (September 1975), Angola to relieve a group of "Bushmen" trapped by a SWAPO force; and 3 platoons Joined Operation Savannah at Sá da Bandeira the day after the airport was taken (October 1975).


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Border War
The two platoons withdrew in February/March Operation Savannah during the Angolan Civil War in July 1975 when 1 string of 1 Parachute Battalion were flown to Ondangwa and travelled by Unimog to Ruancana on the northern border of SWA at Ruacana and Santa Clara in Angola to relieve two Portuguese communities trapped by the MPLA.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, The Para Brigade
With the coming of 44 Parachute Brigade in April 1978, under the leadership of Brigadier M J du Plessis and Colonel Jan Breytenbach, a co-founder of the brigade. it became a powerful force. The first large airborne exercise of the Parachute Battalion Group took place in 1987 in the Northwestern Transvaal (now North West Province). With the eventual disbanding of 44 Parachute Brigade its full-time personnel were moved to Bloemfontein and incorporated into the 1 Parachute Battalion Group.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, New Techniques
In 1986, the unit embarked on its first HALO/HAHO (High altitude Low Opening/High Altitude High Opening) course in Bloemfontein. This would enable the troops to drop into enemy territory from aircraft following commercial routes.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Under the SANDF
In 2001 battalion personnel formed the spearhead of the South African Protection Support Detachment deploying to Burundi.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Under the SANDF
In 2012, 1 Parachute Battalion participated in the South African military assistance to the Central African Republic operation, where the unit suffered 13 killed, with 27 injured and one missing in action in an ambush conducted by Séléka rebels. In 2014 it was announced that 1 Parachute Battalion would receive Battle Honours for this operation.


1 Parachute Battalion, History, Under the SANDF
In 2013, the battalion contributed one company, under command of Major Vic Vrolik, to the FIB which fought a number of engagements in the DRC.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training
1 Parachute Battalion is the sole military parachute training institution in South Africa, with its parachute School being responsible for all training. The school has had only four fatalities in its existence. 1 Parachute Battalion is a full-time unit which in addition to parachute training also conducts force training to recruits inducted into the unit and other units in the South African Army.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training
The average age ranges in the mid-twenties. The selection and training of paratroops is rigorous to ensure a standard of combat efficiency is retained at a high level.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Recruitment
Members of 1 Parachute Battalion visit the various battalions each year early in the training cycle to look for volunteers. These must then pass a physical test at their unit prior to appearing before a selection board, which examines their character and motivation.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
To give would-be members the endurance and the fitness they will need for operations in the harsh African conditions, the instructors of 44 Parachute Brigade place particular emphasis on basic physical training. Soldiers volunteering for service with the parachute forces first undergo a battery of medical tests – similar to that for flying personnel – before setting off on a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) timed run. Before they can recover their breath, they tackle the second test: 200 metres (0.12 mi) run in which each man carries a comrade on his back.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
The applicants are then put through various psychological and physical tests – though these are usually well within the reach of anyone with sufficient motivation and willpower.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
The real ordeal will then start: for four long months, the recruits Bats will endure forced marches, physical exercises, shooting sessions and inspections — all this barracked by the screams of their eagle-eyed instructors. The South African paratroop instructors, like their British counterparts, enforce strict discipline. For example, trainees always take their grooming kit along with them on 30 kilometres (19 mi) marches and at dawn, when back at the base with aching bones, devote whatever little time is left they have to rest to 'spit and polish'.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
Those who are accepted are then transferred to 1 Para, where they first complete the normal three-month basic training course, with some differences: PT three times a day, no walking in camp under any circumstances and a 10 to 15 kilometres (6.2 to 9.3 mi) run to end each day. 20 kilometres (12 mi) runs carrying tar poles; car tyres attached to the candidates by a long rope; or the dreaded 25 kilograms (55 lb) concrete slab that has to be carried everywhere the candidate goes. Some 10 to 20 percent drop out during this phase, returning to their original units. All this builds up to what is called the koeikamp ('cow camp'). It is 3 days of the ultimate challenge of physical and psychological endurance.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
The would-be paratroops get a 24-hour ration pack or "rat pack" for the duration of the selection. During these days, they are given several tasks to perform in an allocated time: Several 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) Night marches/runs with 25 kilograms (55 lb) bergens, boxing, 75 kilograms (165 lb) stretcher run over 20 kilometres (12 mi), digging trenches and the carrying of artillery canisters over 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) during a timed run are just a few of the tasks that has to be completed.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
On top of all this the candidates are out in the African bush with no showers, hot meals or beds after each gruelling day. Each year the sequence of what "tests" will be done to get the strongest out of the "wannabees" changes, so it comes as quite a surprise each year. Due to lack of sleep, hunger and extreme physical tasks many of the men give up. After all the above tests, the few remaining soldiers head back to camp where they have to complete an obstacle course called the "Elephant".


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
Some foreign Elite soldiers claimed this to be one of the hardest bone breaking obstacle courses ever. Again, this is a timed exercise, which has to be completed several times, it is also done with full battle kit. Again the instructors are looking for any hesitant students during the high obstacles and underwater swim through a narrow tunnel. At the end of the "Elephant" several more students drop out due to injury or not completing the course in the required time. At this point the course has been completed. However, there is always the 'bad surprise" which has historically become part of the Selection Phase.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
After a six-month ordeal, the selected few (about 40% of the original intake), make the 12 jumps required to obtain their wings. During this time, the chances of being disqualified are still very high. This phase is followed by some advanced individual training, during which such subjects as advanced driving, demolitions, tactics and patrolling, unarmed combat, survival skills, escape and evasion, aspects of guerrilla warfare, tracking, raiding, counter-insurgency operations, fast rope skills, ambush and anti-ambush techniques and foreign weapons and techniques are covered.


1 Parachute Battalion, Training, Initial evaluation
Their instructors, however, always find that something is left to be desired with the inspection which invariably follows. To harden their muscles, trainees are made to carry a telegraph pole for two days, at a rate of 20 kilometres (12 mi) daily. Back at base, the 'marble', a stone weighing about 25 kilograms (55 lb) which the soldier must carry wherever he goes, is used as a substitute for the same purpose. The detailed training programme is listed below:


1 Park Avenue
One Park Avenue was a proposed supertall skyscraper that would have been 550 m (1,804 ft) tall and would have had 125 floors, to be built in Jumeirah Garden City, Dubai. The project was cancelled due to the 2009 financial crisis.


1 Pegasi
1 Pegasi (1 Peg) is a triple star system in the constellation Pegasus, located approximately 156 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.09. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −11 km/s.


1 Pegasi
The primary component is a giant with a stellar classification of K1III, a star that has exhausted the hydrogen supply at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. It has 1.57 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 12 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 72 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,600 K.


1 Pegasi
There are several companions in addition to the primary. The brightest, component B, is a magnitude 9.3, K-type main-sequence star with a class of K0 V orbiting at an angular separation of 36.6" from the primary; it is itself a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 3.042 ± 0.011 years and eccentricity of 0.290±0.022. Visual companions C, with magnitude 12.9 and separation 64.7", and D, with magnitude 9.6 and separation 5.3", have been reported.


1 Percent of Friendship
1 Percent of Friendship (Korean: 1%의 우정; lit. 1% Friendship) is a South Korean reality show distributed by KBS2 airs on Saturdays. Originally having been just a Chuseok show, it became a permanent weekly show after favourable reviews of its pilot episode.


1 Percent of Friendship, Format
The reality show explores relationship dynamics and developments by looking at how two people with opposite personalities interact and build friendship.


1 Percent of Friendship, Rating
In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue each year.


1 Persei
1 Persei (1 Per) is an eclipsing binary star in the constellation Perseus. Its uneclipsed apparent magnitude is 5.49. The binary star consists of two B2 type main-sequence stars in a 25.9 day eccentric orbit. The stars are surrounded by a faint cloud of gas visible in mid-infrared, although whether they are the origin of the gas or simply passing through it is unclear.


1 Persei, Observational history
The possible eclipsing binary nature of 1 Persei was first noticed by Donald Kurtz in 1977 when it was used as a comparison star to test for photometric variability of HD 11408. In 1979 French amateur observers succeeded in determining an orbital period of 25.9 days. During the primary eclipse, the brightness drops to magnitude 5.85. In the secondary eclipses, the brightness drops to magnitude 5.74. The eclipses each last for approximately 25 hours.


1 Peter 1
1 Peter 1 is the first chapter of the First Epistle of Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ", and the epistle is traditionally attributed to Peter the Apostle, but some writers argue that it is the work of Peter's followers in Rome between the years 70 and 100. After an introductory section, this chapter contains several "general exhortations founded on the blessedness of the Christian state", which continue into chapter 2.


1 Peter 1, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.


1 Peter 1, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


1 Peter 1, Greeting (1:1–2), Verse 1
The specific region named in this verse would cover most of Asia Minor north and west of the Taurus mountains, which was attested in Pliny's letters to Trajan (c. 112 CE) to have a significant number of Christians in towns and countryside of the area.


1 Peter 1, God's plan of salvation meets believers' every need (1:3–9)
This part contains a form of blessing, which not only praises God, but lays out the main themes of the epistle. Peter follows the pattern of some of Paul's epistles in pouring thanksgiving to God for His blessings, and gives eleven reasons for praising God:


1 Peter 1, How the salvation was made known to the believers (1:10–12)
The salvation is made known by the work of the Holy Spirit (verse 12), which is the Spirit of Christ (verse 10), who led the prophets to foretell the grace that was to come (verse 10), even to foresee the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow (verse 11; cf. Psalm 22:7–8; 22:17–18; Isaiah 53; Lamentations 1:12), but not to find out when and how that would happen.


1 Peter 1, Redemption into the Christ Group (1:13–21)
The addressees are said to be set apart for God from the surrounding culture, into the holiness.


1 Peter 1, Rebirth through the Word (1:22–2:3)
Those undergone rebirth could be described as 'newborn infants' (1 Peter 2:2), entering the new community of redeemed people of God constituted by the word or the good news of God.


1 Peter 2
1 Peter 2 is the second chapter of the First Epistle of Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ" and the epistle is traditionally attributed to Peter the Apostle, but some writers argue that it is the work of Peter's followers in Rome between 70 and 100 CE.


1 Peter 2, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.


1 Peter 2, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


1 Peter 2, Rebirth through the Word (1:22–2:3), Verse 1
The admonition which starts here "stands, as οὖν (oun, "therefore") shows, in close connection with what precedes in ": Since you have purified your souls in obeying the truth ....


1 Peter 2, Principles of Conduct in Human Society (2:11–17)
This section addresses the distinctness of the believers' communities which is preserved when their conduct is good by God's standards.


1 Peter 2, The principles in practice (2:18–3:22)
Slaves, and also wives in the next chapter, were two vulnerable groups. Commentator Eric Eve suggests that the advice directly concerns their welfare, but it is also indirectly employed to offer examples of proper submission for Christians.


1 Peter 3
1 Peter 3 is the third chapter of the First Epistle of Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ" and the epistle is traditionally attributed to Peter the Apostle, but some writers argue that it is the work of Peter's followers in Rome between 70 and 100 CE.


1 Peter 3, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.


1 Peter 3, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


1 Peter 3, Attitude to the family (3:1–7)
Wives, just as slaves in the last part of chapter 2, were two vulnerable groups. Commentator Eric Eve suggests that the advice directly concerns their welfare but it is also indirectly employed to offer examples of proper submission for Christians.


1 Peter 3, Attitude to the family (3:1–7)
The words are addressed generally to all Christian wives but with special reference to those who have unbelieving husbands. Greek: ὁμοίως (homoiōs, "likewise") in verses 1 and 7 refers back to the commendation to "be submissive" in . However, 'Christianity gave dignity to the status of both', and here Peter teaches 'the spiritual equality of man and wife as heirs together', just as Paul also guides married couples towards 'mutual submission', where 'the wife's submissiveness is to be matched by the husband's self-giving love' (Ephesians 5:21–28), thus complementing each other.


1 Peter 3, Attitude to the fellowship (3:8–12)
Peter concludes the sections of special relationships with the exhortation of the attitudes Christian should display to one another.


1 Peter 3, Suffering for doing good (3:13–17)
To follow Christ's example of unjust suffering does not mean 'passivity', but an 'active doing of good' (='doing right').


1 Peter 3, Christological grounding (3:18–22)
Jesus really died in his humanity when being 'put to death in the flesh', so 'made alive in the spirit' does not mean that a "part" of Christ survived death, but that 'God raised Christ to a new life in the divine realm' (cf. 1 Peter 1:3; 2:4; 1 Peter 3:21–22).


1 Peter 3, Christological grounding (3:18–22), Verse 18
David Wheaton regards this verse as one of the 'most succinct and yet profound statements in the New Testament on the doctrine of the atonement', in which Jesus has repaired the broken relationship between God and the humanity in three ways:


1 Peter 3, Christological grounding (3:18–22), Verse 18
Jesus is the one person whose perfect righteousness means that he never deserves to die, but he endured the punishments (the pains of death) and took the place for (lit. "on behalf of") all the unrighteous (KJV: "unjust") people, who did deserve to die, so thereby satisfying all God's own demands for reconciliation (an act of propitiatory and also vicarious; cf. Isaiah 53:6).


1 Peter 4
1 Peter 4 is the fourth chapter of the First Epistle of Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ" and the epistle is traditionally attributed to Peter the Apostle, but some writers argue that it is the work of Peter's followers in Rome between 70 and 100 CE. This chapter focusses on Christ's suffering, Christian charity and advice to those who are persecuted.


1 Peter 4, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 19 verses.


1 Peter 4, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


1 Peter 4, Living a Christian Life (4:1–11), Verse 1
The same point has been made in : Christ also suffered for us (or "you"), leaving us (or "you") an example, that you should follow His steps.


1 Peter 4, Submit to Suffering (4:12–19)
Christians may have to suffer, but they are blessed if it is purely due to their faith, not any criminal or antisocial behavior.


1 Peter 5
1 Peter 5 is the fifth (and the last) chapter of the First Epistle of Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ" and the epistle is traditionally attributed to Peter the Apostle, but some writers argue that it is the work of Peter's followers in Rome between 70 and 100 CE. This chapter returns to consider the internal group cohesion of the scattered Christian communities of Asia Minor, and closes the letter.


1 Peter 5, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 14 verses.


1 Peter 5, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


1 Peter 5, Submit to God (5:6–11), Verse 8
Christians can live a care-free life, but not a careless one, because they are involved in a constant spiritual warfare, so they must be watchful of the enemy, the devil, which seeks opportunities to destroy them.


1 Police Plaza
One Police Plaza (often abbreviated as 1PP) is the headquarters of the New York City Police Department (NYPD). The building is located on Park Row in  Civic Center, Manhattan near New York City's City Hall and the Brooklyn Bridge. Its block borders Park Row, Pearl Street, and Police Plaza. 1PP replaced the NYPD's previous headquarters at 240 Centre Street, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of 1 Police Plaza.


1 Police Plaza, Description
One Police Plaza is rectangular in plan and is an inverted pyramid in elevation. It is a 13-level, horizontally-oriented brutalist building designed by Gruzen and Partners in 1973. A 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) expansion project was completed in 2011. Although the project did not add any new floors to the building, it did add new computers and equipment. Angry Lower Manhattan residents held a rally on August 27, 2008 near One Police Plaza to protest the addition, and tenants of three neighboring co-ops filed a lawsuit to force the NYPD to undergo environmental and land use reviews.


1 Police Plaza, Description
Located on the eighth floor of One Police Plaza is the Real Time Crime Center, an anti-crime computer network which is essentially a large search engine and data warehouse operated by detectives to assist officers in the field with their investigations. The Major Case Squad and the Technical Assistance Response Unit (TARU) are also located at 1PP.


1 Police Plaza, Description
Inside 1 Police Plaza, a room on the second floor affectionately called "The Shack" serves as the police bureau office for local press outlets. Its tenants include the Associated Press, the Daily News, New York Post, The New York Times, Newsday, Staten Island Advance, El Diario La Prensa, NY1 News, and WINS Radio. Its police counterpart is on the 13th floor, the office of the Deputy Commissioner of Public Information (DCPI). Also inside 1PP is the "Fourteenth Floor", the NYPD commissioner's office.


1 Police Plaza, Park Row closure criticism
Park Row, historically a major artery linking the Financial District to Chinatown and the Bowery, has been closed to civilian traffic since 2001. The NYPD asserts that this is necessary to protect its headquarters from a truck bomb attack. Chinatown residents are increasingly frustrated at the disruption caused by the closure of the thoroughfare, especially nearby residents. People who live nearby argue that the police department has placed a chokehold on an entire neighborhood and that if One Police Plaza is such an obvious terrorist target, perhaps it should be moved from a residential area. Members of the Civic Center Residents Coalition have been fighting the security perimeter around the building for years. Park Row reopened for use only by foot traffic and MTA buses in 2005, and those restrictions remain in place today.


1 Police Plaza, Park Row closure criticism
The NYPD has stated that it will not be moving despite the numerous complaints from residents, explaining that they had tried to alleviate the impact of the security measures by forbidding officers from parking in nearby public spaces and reopening a stairway that skirts the headquarter's south side and leads down to street level near the Brooklyn Bridge. The department also plans to redesign its guard booths and security barriers to make them more attractive, and is involved in efforts to convert two lanes of Park Row into a pedestrian green-way.


1 Polish, 2 Biscuits & a Fish Sandwich
1 Polish, 2 Biscuits & a Fish Sandwich is the debut album of hip-hop duo The Outhere Brothers, released in 1994. It peaked at #56 on the UK Albums Chart. There are multiple versions of the album released each with different covers and modified/different track listings. The album's title is a reference to a penis, buttocks, and a vagina. The group's following LP "The Party Album" contained 'clean' versions of many of the tracks here, with alternative 'radio-friendly' lyrics.


1 Polish, 2 Biscuits & a Fish Sandwich, Critical reception
Music Week commented, "There's plenty more salacious hip-hop/house where the recent number-one Don't Stop (Wiggle Wiggle) came from."


1 Prince's Terrace
There is a residential building at 1 Prince's Terrace in the Scottish city of Glasgow. In 1970 the building was included in the Scottish monument lists as an individual monument in the highest monument category A.


1 Prince's Terrace, History
The building was built around 1870. The Scottish architect James Thomson provided the design . The local starch producer James Morrice bought house number 1 in 1895. Morrice, who lived in the building until 1932, had the interior completely redesigned around 1900.


1 Prince's Terrace, Description
The two-story building is the corner house between Prince's Terrace and Queen's Place in the northwest of Glasgow. The building is designed in the historicizing Italianate style . Its north-facing main facade is four axes wide. A short front staircase leads to the double-leaf entrance door. It is equipped with side windows, fighter window, architrave and on consoles bearing crown decorated. On the left there is a beveled, two-story promontory. It ends with a flat, cast iron railing. Cornices and Cornices divide the facade horizontally. The arched dormers are designed with archivolts in relief. A cast iron balustrade runs between the dormers. The roof is covered with slate.


1 Princes Dock
1 Princes Dock (also known as Liverpool City Lofts) is a 22-storey residential complex located alongside Prince's Dock, in Liverpool, England. It was completed in 2006 and at 73 metres (240 ft) is the city's joint-tenth-tallest building. The building is home to 162 flats and 99 parking spaces. 1 Princes Dock was first proposed in 2003 and was quickly approved with construction commencing in the next year, the building was designed by AFL Architects and developed by City Lofts Group PLC. The main contractor was Carillion Construction.


1 Puppis
1 Puppis is a single star in the southern constellation of Puppis. It lies in the northern part of the constellation at a distance of 650 ly, east of Aludra in Canis Major and just above the white supergiant, 3 Puppis. This object is visible to the naked eye as a faint, red-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.59. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +32.4 km/s.


1 Puppis
This is a red giant star with a stellar classification of M1 III, having exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. The star is radiating 1,509 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,111 K. It has several visual companions: component B, of magnitude 13.7 and angular separation of 26″, C, of magnitude 9.21 and separation 78.8″, and D, of magnitude 10.84 and separation from C of 1.3″.


1 Queen 5 Queers
1 Queen 5 Queers is a Canadian television talk show, slated to premiere on Crave in the 2021-22 television season. A revival of the 2009-2014 MTV Canada series 1 Girl 5 Gays, the series will feature a panel of LGBTQ people talking about LGBTQ issues, moderated by drag queen Brooke Lynn Hytes.


1 Razlog
1 Razlog (English: 1 Reason) is the second album by Croatian singer Lana Jurčević.


1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa)
The 1 Reconnaissance Commando was the first South African special forces unit, founded by General Fritz Loots - the founder of the South African Special Forces, and the first General Officer Commanding of the South African Special Forces. He appointed 11 qualified paratroopers (known as "The Dirty Dozen", although they were made up of only 11 men) as the founder members. Included in these 11 paratroopers was Jan Breytenbach, who was placed in command of the Founder Members by General Loots.


1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa), History
Major General Loots and the Chief of the Army, Lt. General Willem Louw realised the need for a South African Defence Force to have a special operations capability, but the Chief of the SADF, General Rudolph Hiemstra resisted. It was not until Admiral Hugo Biermann became Chief of the South African Defence Force in 1972 that the go-ahead was granted.


1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa), History
The unit was originally based at Oudtshoorn in the Cape Province, but was moved to Durban in 1974, where it was formally named 1 Reconnaissance Commando. In the early 1980s, the unit had less than 40 Recce's based at 1RR of which the majority were white. It was renamed 1 Reconnaissance Regiment in 1996, but was disbanded and integrated into 4 Reconnaissance Regiment and 5 Reconnaissance Regiment in 1997.


1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa), History
The South African Special Forces is a unit under the South African National Defence Force and were originally called the Reconnaissance Regiments. “South African Special Forces: Salary, World Rating, Weapons, Quick Facts”, published by the website BuzzSouthAfrica. As the BuzzSouthAfrica article states, capabilities for a special forces unit was established in 1968. However, the actual unit was not created until 1972. According to the South African History website, legislation was passed in 1912 that allowed for the development for a special forces unit. The unit is still intact today.


1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa), History
The creation of the Reconnaissance Commando was created in Outdshoorn, South Africa. The unit currently operates out of Durban, South Africa. The Reconnaissance Commando was formed in order to increase the strength of the South African military. This unit makes soldiers with very specialized and rare skills that make them an extremely valuable asset to South Africa’s military.


1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa), Leadership
The South African Special Forces Association website shed a light onto the leader of the Reconnaissance Commando and the 11 men who first served in the unit. Commander JD Breytenbach led these men and pioneered a standard of training and professionalism that the SASF has followed since. A Special Forces unit was created by two Generals who pushed for permission to create it. Once they were given the go-ahead, the Generals appointed 12 troopers to the unit and began training them.


1 Regiment Army Air Corps
1 Regiment Army Air Corps is a regiment of the Army Air Corps (AAC).


1 Regiment Army Air Corps, History
Until 1993 the regiment was based at Tofrek Barracks with 651 & 652 Squadrons using a mix of Westland Lynxs and Westland Gazelles. Previously, RHQ was located at Verden along with 651 Sqn AAC whilst 658 Sqn AAC was located at  in Minden.


1 Regiment RLC
1 Regiment RLC is a regiment of the British Army's Royal Logistic Corps.


1 Regiment RLC, History
The regiment was formed in 1812 and has participated in many conflicts such the Second World War and operations in Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan. After being known as 1 Divisional Column for many years, it became 1 Armoured Division Transport Regiment RCT in December 1977, 1 General Support Regiment RLC in April 1993 and 1 Regiment RLC in 2014. It moved from Gütersloh in Germany to St David's Barracks at MoD Bicester in 2016.


1 Regiment RLC, Organisation
It is partnered with 157 (Welsh) Regiment RLC in the UK.


1 Reichspfennig (World War II German coin)
The zinc 1 Reichspfennig coin was minted by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1945 during World War II, replacing the bronze version. It is worth 1/100 or .01 of a Reichsmark. Made entirely of zinc, the 1 Reichspfennig is an emergency issue type, similar to the zinc 5 and 10 Reichspfennigs, and the aluminum 50 Reichspfennig coins from the same period.


1 Rockefeller Plaza
1 Rockefeller Plaza (formerly the Time & Life Building and the General Dynamics Building) is a 36-story building located on the east side of Rockefeller Plaza between 48th and 49th Streets in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Completed in 1937, the tower is part of Rockefeller Center, which was built in the Art Deco style.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, History
Rockefeller Center occupies three blocks in Midtown Manhattan bounded by Fifth and Sixth Avenues to the east and west, between 48th Street to the south and 51st Street to the north. By 1936, most of the complex had been completed. Rockefeller Center Inc. only needed to develop three empty plots in the middle of the complex's northern and southern blocks. The site of 1 Rockefeller Plaza, located on the southern block, was being used as a parking lot, and at the time, it was the city's largest parking facility.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, History
In 1936, Time Inc. expressed interest in moving out of their Chrysler Building offices into a larger headquarters, having just launched their Life magazine. Rockefeller Center's managers persuaded Time to move to a proposed skyscraper on part of the southern empty lot, located on Rockefeller Plaza between 48th and 49th Streets, by promising the company seven floors and a penthouse; space to expand; a 20-year lease; and the right to name the building after themselves. Excavation for a new building at 1 Rockefeller Plaza, numbered 9 Rockefeller Plaza at the time, started in June 1936.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, History
The original plans stipulated a 32-story building, but the height was increased to 36 stories with the use of setbacks on the 48th Street elevation. The number of setbacks was minimized, which increased rentable space within the building, and the original blueprints for the plot were retained for the Time & Life Building. The steelwork for that building was laid on September 25, 1936, and was complete by November 28, forty-three working days later.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, History
The Time & Life Building, as it was known, opened on April 1, 1937, along with the final block of Rockefeller Plaza abutting the building, between 48th and 49th Streets. Time moved into the building in 1938. Time Inc's lease stipulated that nothing else could be constructed within 200 feet (61 m) of the Time & Life Building's uppermost floors.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, History
The original tenants included the Girl Scouts of the USA and Museum of Modern Art, but Time Inc. itself did not move into the building for another year after its completion. In 1960, the building was renamed for General Dynamics after Time Inc. had moved into 1271 Avenue of the Americas, the new Time-Life Building located three blocks away. The tower was renamed for its street address after General Dynamics moved to St. Louis in 1971.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, Description
The 36-story tower at 1 Rockefeller Plaza, on the east side of the plaza between 48th and 49th Streets, is the original Time–Life Building. The tower contains a 10th-floor setback on the 48th Street side, while its 49th Street side is actually set back from the street, rising as a slab. The Rockefeller Plaza side is almost a slab except for the 10th-story setback, and the eastern side connects to 600 Fifth Avenue via a seven-story annex. Its north-south axis aligns with the since-modified alignment of the International Building. One Rockefeller's artwork was designed for a generic tenant, with a general life theme.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, Artwork
The artwork included Lawrie's bas-relief of Pegasus, robed figure, and eagle above the entrance, signifying human progress. In addition, Attilio Piccirilli's "Joy of Life" limestone relief, depicts a hedonistic Dionysus enjoying wine. The entrance portal is decorated with C. Paul Jennewein's limestone carvings of industry and agriculture. Carl Milles created a three-part wood-and-silver sculpture near the top of the lobby's western wall. It is called "Människan och Naturen" or "Man and Nature" and was created from 1938 to 1941.


1 Rockefeller Plaza, Artwork
The right-hand carving depicts a wooden faun pushing nature away, while the left-side carving consists of a wooden nymph in the foliage, and the central carving depicts a wooden man on horseback listening to a metal Mexican nightingale that every hour on the opens its beak and sings a recording of a Mexican Nightingale from the Bronx Zoo.


1 SGM
1 SGM is a census town in Ganganagar district  in the state of Rajasthan, India.


1 SGM, Demographics
As of 2001 India census, 1 SGM had a population of 2493. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. 1 SGM has an average literacy rate of 43%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 64% of the males and 36% of females literate. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.


1 SWA Specialist Unit
1 SWASpes was part of the South West African Territorial Force.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, History
The South West African Territorial Force Command identified an urgent need for horse mounted and motorbike mounted units and dogs for the operational areas.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, History
The conclusions reached was for a unit organisation such as 202 Battalion to be adjusted so as to accommodate horse and dog units for operational use, and specifically, the urgent need for the acquisition of two platoons of mounted infantry. This included the furnishing of horses and equine related equipment, as well as the training and appointing of a qualified platoon commanding officer, full-time veterinarian and farriers.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, History
The Equestrian Centre became involved in the first purpose built frontline horse and motorcycle mounted infantry base in the Operational Area.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, History
By 1978, 1 SWASpes had diversified into the application of motorcycles, trackers and later the introduction of tracking and explosives detection dogs. 1 SWASpes was among the first to combine conventional infantry forces on the ground with the skills of trackers, the abilities of dogs and the quick reaction abilities afforded by horses and motorcycle units.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, History
Equestrian platoons were detached to bases across the Operational Area, though the main equestrian unit in South West Africa was stationed at Oshivelo.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, History
1 SWASpes introduced to counter insurgency, the application of the Packhound; using dogs to track, run down, and corner quarry for infantry or mounted soldiers to interdict. These packs could keep a speed of 15 km for over four hours, peaking at 30 km for 15 minutes.


1 SWA Specialist Unit, Organization
By 1978, it comprised two companies of mounted infantry, two platoons of trackers and two platoons of motorcyclists, and a force of 60 dogs.


1 Samuel 1
1 Samuel 1 is the first chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter focuses on the birth of Samuel, in a section concerning the life of Samuel (1 Samuel 1:1–7:17).


1 Samuel 1, Text
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 28 verses.


1 Samuel 1, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 6Q4 (6QpapKgs; 150–75 BCE) with extant verses 28–31.


1 Samuel 1, Text, Textual witnesses
Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; G{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; G{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}A; 5th century).


1 Samuel 1, Elkanah's family (1:1–8)
Elkanah came from a prestigious Levite family in Ramah (verse 1) in the land of Zuph (cf. 1 Samuel 9:5–6). Elkanah's first wife, Hannah, was barren so he had decided to take a second wife, Peninnah (cf. Genesis 16:1–4). When Peninnah had children, tension and rivalry arose between the two women, with Hannah being constantly provoked and distressed. The inability of Elkanah to control the situation of his wives pushes Hannah to take the initiative, especially when her plight was made more obvious by receiving only one portion of the sacrifice (verse 5). The opportunity cames when Elkanah and his family attended annual worship feast in Shiloh (Judges 21:19–24), one of the most important sanctuaries and the home of the ark (1 Samuel 3:3), which was regulated by the high priest Eli and his two sons.


1 Samuel 1, The birth of Samuel (1:9–28)
Hannah took the initiative to make a vow that the son she requested would be dedicated as a nazirite (verse 11). The Masoretic Text only mentions "a razor will not go up upon his head" (meaning "leaving the hair uncut") as one feature of the nazirite vow, but the longer text in the Greek version of Septuagint (suppoted in some parts by 4QSama among the Dead Sea Scrolls) mentions "“wine and strong drink he will not drink" (cf. Numbers 6:1–21; Judges 13:5, 7) as another feature of a nazirite. Hannah delayed her visit until Samuel had been weaned, then she brought the child to Shiloh to 'abide there forever' (4QSama clarifies that Hannah was dedicating Samuel as a nazirite), with the bull offerings as well as flour and wine (cf. Numbers 15:8–10)


1 Samuel 1, The birth of Samuel (1:9–28)
A repeated wordplay on the Hebrew root word שָׁאַל sha'al—(to ask, request)— has been found in this passage: 'that thou hast asked of him' (verse 17), 'I have asked him of the Lord' (verse 20), 'which I asked of him' (verse 27), 'I have lent him to the Lord; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the Lord' (verse 28).


1 Samuel 1, The birth of Samuel (1:9–28), Verse 21
The Greek Septuagint has an addition “and all the tithes of his land” to this verse.


1 Samuel 2
1 Samuel 2 is the second chapter of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible (or the "First Book of Samuel" in Christian Bible). It recounts the Song of Hannah, the corruption of the priests descended from Eli, Samuel's ministry to God 'even as a child' and the prophecy of a "man of God" against Eli's household.


1 Samuel 2, Text
The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Books of Samuel, was written in Hebrew. Since the division of the Bible into chapters in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 36 verses.


1 Samuel 2, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–10, 16–36.


1 Samuel 2, Text, Textual witnesses
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; G{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; G{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}A; 5th century).


1 Samuel 2, Structure
The New Revised Standard Version organises this chapter as follows:


1 Samuel 2, Prophecy against Eli’s household
Verses 22 to 25 introduce a topic dealing with the condemnation of the house of Eli on account of his sons' transgressions. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, Targum, and Vulgate translation refer to Hophni and Phinehas' sins including both the misappropriation of food brought to sacrifice at the shrine in Shiloh and also to their sexual relations with "the women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting", although the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls omit the latter issue.


1 Samuel 2, Prophecy against Eli’s household
Eli hears of his sons' behaviour and challenges them to reform, but they take no account of his pleading. Then a "man of God" comes to Eli, a prophet of whom "we know nothing".


1 Samuel 3
1 Samuel 3 is the third chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter focuses on the calling of Samuel, in a section concerning the life of Samuel (1 Samuel 1:1–7:17).


1 Samuel 3, Text
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 21 verses.