1 Wall Street, History, Sale and conversion
As part of the renovation, 34 elevators and 16 escalators were removed. The original layout of the building included elevators near the perimeter wall, but this took up usable space near windows. As such, Macklowe removed 20 of the elevators that served upper floors and added 10 new elevators in the building core; new stairs were also constructed to replace the existing stairs. The demolition of the interior was completed in November 2018. In addition, the Red Room was restored between 2016 and 2018, in advance of its conversion into a retail space.


1 Wall Street, History, Sale and conversion
The Red Room's restoration used tiles that had been placed in storage and unused when the building was originally erected. The third floor was demolished to make a higher ceiling for the retail space. A new entrance was also constructed on Broadway, with a design based on one of Walker's unrealized plans for the building, and five stories were added to the southern annex.


1 Wall Street, History, Sale and conversion
Retail leases were signed for the lower floors. In 2016, for instance, a 44,000-square-foot (4,100 m2) lease was signed for Whole Foods Market. Three years later, Life Time Fitness signed a 74,000-square-foot (6,900 m2) lease to open a gym on the first four floors of the building. The residential units, the Red Room, and Whole Foods would open in 2021. The facades of the annex's additions had been completed by mid-2021. Sales on the residential conversion were launched in September 2021.


1 Wall Street, Critical reception and landmark designation
1 Wall Street received an accolade from the Broadway Association in 1931; the association designated the building as the "most worthy of civic endorsement" out of all structures erected around Broadway in 1930. A writer for the New York Evening Post called Meiere's lobby mural "one of the most costly and beautiful pieces of mural decoration ever attempted in the United States". However, architectural critics of the mid-20th century generally ignored the building in favor of more widely renowned structures, such as the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and 40 Wall Street.


1 Wall Street, Critical reception and landmark designation
Critic Lewis Mumford stated of 1 Wall Street's facade, "Chaste though that exterior is, it is mere swank, and unconvincing swank at that". Because of Irving Trust's role as a receiver for bankrupt companies, 1 Wall Street was called the "Central Repair Shop for Broken Businesses". Architectural historian Robert A. M. Stern wrote in his 1987 book New York 1930 that 1 Wall Street's proximity to other skyscrapers including 70 Pine Street, 20 Exchange Place, 40 Wall Street, and the Downtown Athletic Club "had reduced the previous generation of skyscrapers to the status of foothills in a new mountain range".


1 Wall Street, Critical reception and landmark designation
There was also praise for what Stern characterized as "Walker's only completed skyscraper". Ada Louise Huxtable of The New York Times wrote in 1975 that 1 Wall Street was "an Art Deco masterpiece". The Times said in 2001 that a "triumvirate of great Art Deco contemporaries" in New York City would include the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and 1 Wall Street. Stern stated that in 1 Wall Street's design, "structure became an unseen prop for poetry"; he further called the building's form "a natural precipice of stone shaped by erosion".


1 Wall Street, Critical reception and landmark designation
In 2001, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the original portion of 1 Wall Street as an official city landmark. The designation only included the exterior of the original building and did not extend to the southern annex. The lobby interior was not given a separate interior-landmark designation because such designations at the time were reserved for publicly accessible spaces. Since the lobby could only be used by BNY Mellon workers at the time of the exterior designation, it was legally considered to be closed to the public.


1 Wall Street, Critical reception and landmark designation
As a result of the landmark designation's limited scope, most of the improvements made in the 2010s condominium conversion, such as the glass retail addition, were made to the annex. Changes to designated landmarks required the commission's approval, but the annex was out of the commission's scope. Additionally, in 2007, the building was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district.


1 Wall Street Court
1 Wall Street Court (also known as the Beaver Building and the Cocoa Exchange) is a residential building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The 15-story building, designed by Clinton and Russell in the Renaissance Revival style, was completed in 1904 at the intersection of Wall, Pearl, and Beaver Streets.


1 Wall Street Court
The building is shaped similarly to a flatiron because of its position at an acute angle formed by the junction of Pearl and Beaver Streets. 1 Wall Street Court's articulation consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital. The base is faced with stone, the shaft contains alternating bands of buff and tan brick, and the capital contains multicolored terracotta ornamentation depicting geometric shapes. There are carved beavers over the main entrance facing Pearl and Beaver Streets, signifying the building's original name. The superstructure is of steel frame construction.


1 Wall Street Court
The Beaver Building was constructed between 1903 and 1904 as a speculative development. The building served as the headquarters of the Munson Steamship Line from 1904 until 1921, and the company owned 1 Wall Street Court from 1919 to 1937. The building was foreclosed upon in 1937, and ownership subsequently passed to several other entities, including the Bowery Savings Bank. The New York Cocoa Exchange was another large tenant, occupying the building between 1931 and 1972. The commercial spaces on ground level, as well as the interior offices, were significantly altered from their original design, with major renovations in 1937 and the mid-1980s. 1 Wall Street Court was converted into a residential condominium building in 2006.


1 Wall Street Court
The building was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1995 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2005. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district created in 2007.


1 Wall Street Court, Site
1 Wall Street Court is in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. It occupies most of the block bounded by Hanover Street to the west, Pearl Street to the southeast, and Beaver Street to the north, with facades on Pearl and Beaver Streets. The building faces eastward toward the five-pointed intersection of Pearl, Beaver, and Wall Streets. The property measures 122 feet (37 m) on Beaver Street, 136 feet (41 m) on Pearl Street, 20 feet (6.1 m) on the intersection with Wall Street, and 88 feet (27 m) on the west. The plot covers 9,300 square feet (860 m2). Including a four-story annex at 80 Beaver Street, it measures 140 feet (43 m) on Beaver Street and 157 feet (48 m) on Pearl Street.


1 Wall Street Court, Site
The narrow lot was a result of the Financial District's street grid, as outlined in the Castello Plan, a street map for the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. The site was historically part of the estate of pirate William Kidd. Nearby buildings include the Wall and Hanover Building to the north and 20 Exchange Place to the northwest.


1 Wall Street Court, Design
1 Wall Street Court was designed by Clinton and Russell in the Renaissance Revival style. It is 205 feet (62 m) tall with 15 stories, as well as a partially raised basement. 1 Wall Street Court is one of a few buildings in Lower Manhattan that are shaped like a flatiron, but was largely overlooked in favor of other buildings such as the Flatiron Building at 23rd Street.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Facade
1 Wall Street Court's articulation consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital. The two principal elevations on Pearl and Beaver Streets are joined by a rounded corner on Wall Street. The windows on each side are arranged into bays, with six each on Pearl and Beaver Streets and three on the rounded corner.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Facade
These bays generally have one window per floor on the first and second stories, and two windows per floor above; on two of the corner bays, there is one window per floor on the first through twelfth stories, and two windows per floor above. The western facade, treated as the rear of the building, is a plain brick wall with windows. There was a fire escape on the Pearl Street side, dating from 1916, but was removed in the early 21st century.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Facade
The three-story base is faced with ashlar of granite and Indiana limestone. At the main corner, facing the intersection of Beaver, Wall, and Pearl Streets, there is a rounded stoop leading to the building's first story. This door is underneath an entablature with a rounded sign reading "THE NEW YORK COCOA EXCHANGE inc." Additional entrances were on the building's western end, originally leading to the elevator lobby. The entrance on Pearl Street, which was formerly located under the Third Avenue elevated line, is more simply designed and contains revolving doors under a canopy.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Facade
The entrance at Beaver Street has a pediment with carvings of beavers framing a cartouche with the words "munson line building". The other windows on the first story are generally double-height windows, indicating the presence of the mezzanine inside. Above the second story are ornamental cartouches over carvings of beaver heads. There are panels between the window groupings on the third story, and a cornice over the third story.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Facade
The nine-story shaft is composed of alternating bands of buff and tan brick. The windows are surrounded by glazed green terracotta tiles. The three-story capital is ornamented with multicolored glazed terracotta tiles in green, cream, and russet hues. The windows are separated into pairs surrounded by double-story neoclassical outlines. The terracotta was originally sandblasted to reduce the glaze. The top of the building contains a terracotta cornice. The cornice originally contained copper cresting, although that was removed after 1940. The roof has a gravel surface, and contains a skylight and some heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Features
1 Wall Street Court contains a superstructure made entirely of steel. The floor arches and partitions are made of fireproof brick. In the original layout, all woodwork was covered with fireproof materials; the floors of the corridors were made of mosaic and marble, while the office floors were made of cement. 1 Wall Street Court contains four elevators along its western side. An enclosed fire stair with marble treads is on the building's northwest corner. As built, 1 Wall Street Court also had two 300 horsepower (220 kW) boilers that provided steam for three electric generators aggregating 275 kilowatts (369 hp).


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Features
The total amount of interior space is about 90,000 square feet (8,400 m2). The first-story and mezzanine space was intended to be used by banks, while the basement was reserved for restaurants. The basement still serves as its original purpose, but the National Park Service could not determine if a bank ever used the first story and mezzanine. The first floor is about 4 feet (1.2 m) above street level and contains lobbies, commercial space, and elevator access. The main lobby on Pearl Street and the freight lobby on Beaver Street are connected by a corridor with four elevators.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Features
The commercial space is accessed by the corner entrance, which contains a wooden  vestibule with a revolving door. The elevator lobby contains a barrel-vaulted ceiling, wood-paneled and mirrored walls, and wood-and-metal elevator doors. The mezzanine, a U-shaped space above 2⁄3 of the first floor, is reached by a stair on the west side.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Features
The second floor was used as office space for its first hundred years. A "typical floor" would have an elevator landing on the west, a corridor extending east, and offices on either side of the corridor as well as at the narrow corner. The corridors were originally made of mosaic and marble, while the office floors were cement, and there were glass panels along the corridors prior to the building's 1937 renovation. In the original layout, toilets were placed on the second, fourth, and tenth floors.


1 Wall Street Court, Design, Features
Because of the interior arrangement and small lot size, all of the interior space was directly lit by a window. Architects' and Builders' Magazine said upon the building's completion that 1 Wall Street Court contained possibly "a larger window area relative to floor space than in any other office building in the city". Further renovations led to the replacement of the floors, walls, and doors. By 2006, the office space was converted to 126 condominium apartments.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Construction
During the late 19th century, builders began erecting tall office buildings in New York City, especially in Lower Manhattan, where they were compelled to build tall structures due to a lack of available land. One such project was led by the Century Realty Company, who hired Clinton and Russell in 1903 to design a speculative development on a narrow lot at Beaver and Pearl Streets. The Remington Construction Company was hired as the contractor for the building, which was planned to cost $600,000.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Construction
Work began in June 1903. Ownership of the Beaver Building was transferred the next month to the Beaver and Wall Street Corporation. During construction, some of the workers went on strike, prompting the Remington Construction Company to hire longshoremen for the project. Construction was completed in October 1904. Original floor plans indicate that the first story had a partition between the two commercial spaces to the west and east; only the western space had a mezzanine.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Munson Line use
The Munson Line, a steamship-line company operating from the United States to the Caribbean and South America, took up offices in the Beaver Building in May 1904. The building was sold to the Hoffman family in 1905 for $1.25 million in cash. The New York Times described the transaction as the "first cash purchase of a downtown skyscraper reported in several years".


1 Wall Street Court, History, Munson Line use
The Munson Steamship Line bought the Beaver Building in July 1919, when the building was estimated to be worth $1.5 million. The Beaver Building was intended as the headquarters of the Munson Line, so it was renamed the Beaver-Munson Building. Shortly afterward, the company announced plans for the 25-story Munson Building at 67 Wall Street, across Beaver Street from the Beaver Building. When the Munson Building opened in 1921, it replaced the Beaver Building as the Munson Line's headquarters.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Munson Line use
The Munson Line retained ownership of the Beaver Building, which continued to be occupied by tenants involved mainly in shipping, produce, and importing and exporting. However, by the 1930s, these tenants had started to move elsewhere, and the Munson Line itself suffered from financial difficulties throughout the 1920s and 1930s. A first mortgage loan of $750,000 was placed on the Beaver Building in 1928.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Cocoa Exchange use
In April 1931, the New York Cocoa Exchange—at the time described by the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and The New York Times as the world's largest cocoa market—moved to the Beaver-Munson Building from its original headquarters at 124 Water Street. By 1937, the Munson Building Corporation had a debt of $831,690, and the Beaver Building was foreclosed upon. The Beaver Building and a four-story extension at 80 Beaver Street went up for auction in April 1937. The winning bid was from the Bowery Savings Bank, who had bid $500,000.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Cocoa Exchange use
The New York Cocoa Exchange leased more space in the Beaver Building in June 1937. As part of the lease extension, the Bowery Savings Bank hired F. P. Platt & Bros to expand the mezzanine above the first floor for the Cocoa Exchange's use, increasing the exchange's floor area from 2,300 square feet (210 m2) to 5,600 square feet (520 m2). In October 1937, the bank announced plans to renovate the building at a cost of between two and three hundred thousand dollars.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Cocoa Exchange use
The Beaver Building's electrical, heating, and plumbing systems would be replaced, and the facade would be extensively cleaned. The interiors would also receive major modifications, with new automatic elevators and rearranged interior partitions. The first floor partition wall was relocated to the west and a new stair was built to the mezzanine.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Cocoa Exchange use
The Bowery Savings Bank sold the Beaver Building and its four-story annex in 1944 to investor Jerome Greene; at the time, the annex housed the Swan Club. The building was sold again in 1951, this time to an investment syndicate represented by lawyer David Rapoport. At the time, the Buffet Exchange Restaurant and the Cocoa Exchange were both lessees of the space. Records indicate that the lobby was renovated again during 1952, during which deteriorated marble paneling was removed. Sources disagree on the order of subsequent sales.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Cocoa Exchange use
According to The New York Times, the property was then sold to Klausner Associates, and then to investor Arthur H. Bienenstock in 1959, with the latter planning to renovate the elevators and clean the exterior. However, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission states that 82 Beaver Company owned the Cocoa Exchange Building between 1951 and 1981. The Cocoa Exchange moved to 127 John Street in 1972.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Later use
In January 1985, British developers London & Leeds acquired the Beaver Building, at which point about 70 percent of the space was vacant. After purchasing the building, London & Leeds renamed it One Wall Street Court and renovated the interior, refurbishing the lobby, elevators, and electrical and HVAC systems. Inside, the first-floor partition wall was removed and the mezzanine stair was again replaced. In addition, various improvements were made to the exterior; new windows and window louvers were installed, the base masonry was painted, and metal lights were fixed. The windows in the basement were covered over. The building was purchased in 1994 by Cocoa Partners, a limited partnership based in Cohasset, Massachusetts.


1 Wall Street Court, History, Later use
Sometime after the Cocoa Exchange moved out, the commercial space was occupied until 2002 by a large shop called J&R Discount Cigars. By mid-2004, 1 Wall Street Court was undergoing conversion into a residential building. The conversion was completed around 2006, and the building became a residential condominium development with 126 units. A sushi restaurant was also opened at the building's base. The building was used as the setting for the exterior shots of the Continental Hotel in the 2014 film John Wick.


1 Wall Street Court, Critical reception
1 Wall Street Court was one of the first skyscrapers in New York City to use multicolored glazed terracotta. Prior to the 1920s, many buildings in the city did not use such a material, with a few exceptions such as the Madison Square Presbyterian Church and the Broadway–Chambers Building. The writer Herbert Croly, in an Architectural Record article, was one of the proponents of such decoration.


1 Wall Street Court, Critical reception
However, he was critical of its use on 1 Wall Street Court, saying that the tiles did not "harmonize with each other, nor do they constitute a pleasing scheme of decoration for the top stories of a tall building". Architects' and Builders' Magazine, conversely, stated that the terracotta panels served "to strengthen the outline of the building and make it a notable feature amid its surroundings".


1 Wall Street Court, Critical reception
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission made 1 Wall Street Court an official city landmark on February 13, 1996. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 6, 2005. In 2007, the building was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district.


1 West Bridge Street
1 West Bridge Street is an historic building in the Bridgend area of Perth, Scotland. A former tollbooth building, it is a Category C listed building dating to around 1800 and is located on the southern side of the eastern end of Perth Bridge. The part of the building that curved around onto Commercial Street has been demolished.


1 West Bridge Street
After its original use, it was J. S. Lees Fish & Poultry Shop later in its life.


1 West India Quay
1 West India Quay is a landmark 33-storey mixed use skyscraper situated just north of Canary Wharf business district in east London. Completed in 2004, the development was built by Manhattan Loft Corporation and the now-defunct MWB Group Holdings. The distinctive glass- and aluminium-clad tower was designed by HOK.


1 West India Quay
The building is 111 metres (364 feet) tall and has 33 floors (not including roof). The bottom 12 floors house a Marriott Hotel, including 47 serviced suites on floors 9-12. Floors 13-33 house 158 apartments. The tower overlooks West India Docks and the Canary Wharf estate.


1 West India Quay, History
In 2001, planning permission was gained by Squire and Partners for a slender landmark mixed-use tower conceived to act as a visual counterpoint to the monumental brick form of the adjacent Victorian warehouses in London's Docklands. Designed by HOK, its elliptical form is reminiscent of the curved hull of a boat. The plans were part of the redevelopment of the area.


1 West India Quay, History
While works had been expected to finish in May 2004, the skyscraper was not handed over until December. A report in The Times said that MWB Group Holdings and its partner Manhattan Loft Corporation had "fallen out" with contractor Multiplex over the delays. Multiplex had been "demanding more than £100m in extra payment from MWB, claiming delays were caused by the changes MWB sought", with MWB refusing to pay. The dispute was escalated to an independent arbitrator for adjudication.


1 West India Quay, On-screen appearances
In the film Run Fatboy Run, the character Whit owns an apartment in 1 West India Quay. Early on in the film, he is heard saying "West India Quay please!" to a taxi driver. Whit proposes to Libby, played by Thandie Newton, on the staircase of one of the penthouses with floor-to-ceiling windows.


1 West India Quay, On-screen appearances
Whilst still a construction site, the building was used as a location in the film Layer Cake starring Daniel Craig.


1 West India Quay, On-screen appearances
Robert Carlyle's character in 28 Weeks Later escapes zombie apocalypse with his family by seeking refuge in the building.


1 West India Quay, On-screen appearances
Much of the music video "Heartbroken" by T2 (a London-based, garage music band) was filmed in or around 1 West India Quay.


1 West India Quay, On-screen appearances
The introduction of the show Richard Hammond's Invisible Worlds was filmed on the rooftop of 1 West India Quay, with Richard Hammond standing close to the building's signature arched top.


1 William Street
1 William Street is an office building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The building has had a number of names, originally the J. & W. Seligman & Company Building, and later the Lehman Brothers Building. Currently it is also known as the Banca Commerciale Italiana Building.


1 William Street
The building, erected in 1906–1907, was designed by Francis H. Kimball in conjunction with Julian C. Levi. It was created for the Seligmans, a prominent German Jewish family who founded an investment bank called J. & W. Seligman. The building was later the headquarters of investment bank Lehman Brothers from 1929 to 1980, and was subsequently bought by Banca Commerciale Italiana.


1 William Street
The 11-story structure, clad in limestone with a steel frame, is located at the southern corner of the five-pointed intersection of William, South William, and Beaver Streets. It occupies a quadrilateral lot, with an acute angle between South William Street to the west and William Street to the east. In 1996, the building was designated as a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. In 2007, the building was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district.


1 William Street, History, Context and construction
The Bavarian-born brothers Joseph and James Seligman, in conjunction with several other brothers, founded dry-goods businesses across the United States in the 1840s. They opened a New York City clothing store at 5 William Street by 1848. With profits from the creation of other branches worldwide, the family received contracts to create Union Army soldiers' uniforms during the American Civil War. After the war ended, the family founded an investment bank called J. & W. Seligman & Co., with headquarters at 59 Exchange Place. The company also developed branches around the world, each headed by one of the brothers, though these branches later became independent.


1 William Street, History, Context and construction
In March 1905, The New York Times reported that Isaac Seligman bought the lots on the south side of William Street from Stone to South William Streets. The five lots purchased by Isaac included the Seligmans' old store, and were two blocks away from Wall Street, where many of New York City's major financial companies and commodities exchanges were located. The next year, architectural plans for the building were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings.


1 William Street, History, Context and construction
The New York Herald said, "It is to be of the Italian Renaissance type with facades of granite [sic] at the first story and limestone above, with decorative tower." Construction started in May 1906, with work on the foundation beginning the next month. The building was completed by July 1907 at a cost of $1 million, at which point J. & W. Seligman & Co. moved into the space. Originally, the front entrance was on South William Street.


1 William Street, History, Use
In 1919, a consortium bought 1 William Street, and the Seligmans moved nearby, to 54 Wall Street. The same year, a renovation had split the two-story-high banking room into two regular-sized floors.


1 William Street, History, Use
The investment bank Lehman Brothers bought 1 William Street in 1928. At the time, they were located diagonally across the intersection of Beaver, William, and South William Streets. The firm had to move to make way for construction of 20 Exchange Place, and chose 1 William Street because it would provide more space. Lehman Brothers performed a $500,000 renovation of the structure, which included the relocation of the front entrance from South William Street to the corner with William and Beaver Street, as well as the replacement of the South William Street entrance with windows. Lehman Brothers moved into their offices at 1 William Street in June 1929. Lehman Brothers originally took half the floor area in 1 William Street, but then occupied additional space vacated by tenants with expiring leases, as well as space in two adjacent buildings.


1 William Street, History, Use
By the 1970s, Lehman Brothers was seeing financial losses, and under chairman Peter G. Petersen, the company merged with Kuhn, Loeb & Co. in 1977. The combined company moved out of the building at the end of 1980, putting the structure on sale for $10 million and consolidating its operations at another facility on 55 Water Street. The following year, the building was purchased by Banca Commerciale Italiana, which erected an 11-story addition to the south between 1982 and 1986. The annex, which contains a similar design to the original structure, received an architectural award in 1988. The building is now owned by Intesa Sanpaolo, Italy's largest bank.


1 William Street, Description
The building is designed in the Renaissance Revival style, with elements similar to the Baroque Revival style in Britain, such as a curving exterior, sculptural ornament, and towers at the corners.


1 William Street, Description, Exterior
The side facades consist of a water table made of granite. The windows on the ground floor contain elaborate entablatures on their frames, while those on the second floor are rectangular with ornate metal railings. On the third through eighth stories, the windows are rectangular and contain voussoirs, wedge-shaped elements, on the lintels at the top of the frames. A colonnade runs along the facade of the ninth and tenth floors, and the eleventh floor contains square windows. There are water towers on the roof and a chimney on the South William Street side.


1 William Street, Description, Exterior
To smooth out the acute angle created by the intersection of William and South William Streets, where the building's main entrance is located, the designers included a curved facade at the lower floors, as well as a concave building corner element above the eighth floor. This element is capped by a corner tower, which is round and resembles a "tempietto". The doorway contains double doors made of glass and metal, as well as iron gates, a short flight of granite steps, a flagpole around the doors, a metal plaque, and decorative iron grilles on the transom and second story. The third through eighth floors on this section are rounded, and above the eighth-floor window is a sculpted cartouche.


1 William Street, Description, Exterior
The South William Street side contained the original front doorway for the building, which comprised a door underneath an arch with glass screen. The magazine New York Architect characterized the building as being "the most complete private banking institution in the city", with a form and sculptural elements that provide a maximum "breadth and solidity in the treatment of the exterior."


1 William Street, Description, Exterior
Studio Architetti Valle, along with Fred Liebmann and Jeremy P. Lang Architects, designed an 11-story annex in 1982. The annex, located south of the original building contains black granite and limestone cladding, as well as a turret at the southern corner, which complements the other turret at the entrance of the original building. The annex features double doors facing South William Street, as well as a service entrance at Stone Street.


1 William Street, Description, Interior
Upon the building's completion, the basement, ground floor, and mezzanine housed the banking offices, and there was a "richly decorated" board room on the mezzanine, as per the company's requirements. The two-story banking room included a barrel-vaulted ceiling and was split into two floors by 1919.


1 William Street, Description, Interior
When Lehman Brothers occupied 1 William Street, it maintained a fancy private dining facility for its employees in the building. In 1979 The New York Times deemed 1 William Street's lunchroom as the best corporate lunchroom in the Wall Street area, saying, "Perhaps nowhere on Wall Street is the food as good and Old World dining carried on with the same care and flair." At the time, chief Pierre Colin prepared 75 meals a day for lunch. Colin said that the dinners were "much more elegant than eating at a midtown restaurant".


1 William Street, Description, Interior
During dinners, hors d'oeuvres were served on the third floor before guests moved to the eighth-floor Partners' Dining Room, which contained a table made of mahogany wood and silver inlays; Hepplewhite-brand chairs; linen napkins; crystal and china cutlery; oil paintings on the walls; and windows with slight views of the nearby East River. After BCI took over the building, the original decor was kept, but the dining facilities served "only Italian food and wine".


1 William Street, Brisbane
1 William Street is a skyscraper in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and is the third tallest in the city at 259.8 metres. The modernist style office building is located in the Brisbane CBD, in close proximity to Parliament House. The building was developed for the Queensland Government as part of the government's plan for a renewed Government Administrative Precinct and to meet its accommodation demands. It was completed in October 2016 with over 5,000 government staff moving in over six weekends.


1 William Street, Brisbane, History of the site
The site was formerly bisected by Short Street and comprised a number of different allotments and uses. Buildings occupied the area as early as 1854 and it was used for a variety of functions including; manufacturing, warehousing, shipping, housing, and electricity generation.


1 William Street, Brisbane, History of the site
The Queensland Government began purchasing the properties in the 1960s as part of their Government Precinct development scheme and began demolishing the existing buildings, some dating to the 1850s. The demolition of the adjacent Bellevue Hotel and construction of 80 George Street saw the spoil from there dumped on the 1 William Street site. Short Street was closed and all of the site was amalgamated into one allotment, 1 William Street.


1 William Street, Brisbane, History of the site
In 1974, the site was allocated for future government offices.


1 William Street, Brisbane, History of the site
1 William Street is a 6,778-square-metre (72,960 sq ft) site, owned by the Queensland Government, and from 1982 until 2013 it was used as a government car park. The site encompasses a whole city block between William, Alice and Margaret Streets and Riverside Expressway.


1 William Street, Brisbane, History of the site
Since 2012, 1 William Street is often referred to as the "Tower of Power" in the media which is a reference to the political strength of the commissioning former Newman Government and that the building is filled entirely with Queensland Government public servants.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Cultural heritage significance
The site has archaeological potential of possible cultural heritage significance. Remnants of 1850s buildings are visible above the current ground level and it is likely that significant sub-surface fabric survives.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Development
In August 2012 Expressions of Interest were called for from experienced organisations interested in bidding for the project. It was proposed that the site would be available to the successful party under a long-term lease arrangement and that the Queensland Government would take a long-term lease over approximately 75,000 m2 (810,000 sq ft) of the office space in the development.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Development
In September 2012 six developers were shortlisted to develop proposals for a new high-rise tower. The shortlisted companies were Cbus, Lend Lease, Brookfield, Westfield, Leighton Properties and Grocon.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Development
In December 2012, Cbus was announced as the developer for 1 William Street. The developer was granted a 99-year lease over the site and a guaranteed 15-year government lease for 60,000 m2 (650,000 sq ft) of office space.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Design
1 William Street has a gross floor area of 119,977 m2 (1,291,420 sq ft) and a net lettable area of 74,853 m2 (805,710 sq ft) of office space, excluding retail which covers 1,169 m2 (12,580 sq ft). The design includes 318 car bays.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Design
About 60,000 m2 (650,000 sq ft) has been allocated for government space, leaving around 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft) to be subleased by the private sector. It is intended to receive a 5-star NABERS office energy rating and a 3-star NABERS office water rating. The building is the first new commercial office building developed for government in the Brisbane CBD since the completion of the government office building at 33 Charlotte Street in 2004.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Design
The theme and colour scheme for each floor has been dedicated to a Queensland icon or natural phenomenon.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Construction
The construction, which was undertaken by Multiplex, commenced in early 2013 and was completed in 2016. The groundbreaking of the site, attended by Tim Nicholls (Treasurer at the time) and the Jeff Seeney (Deputy Premier at the time), was held on 4 March 2013.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Construction
From 1 October 2016, nine full departments and agencies, all state government ministers, most Directors-General and more than 5,000 public servants moved to 1 William Street. Some sections from 11 other departments also shifted to 1 William Street, while other sections of these departments will move to other buildings in the inner-city. Three buildings will be demolished: the Executive Building at 100 George Street, the Executive Annex at 80 George Street and the Neville Bonner Building at 75 William Street.


1 William Street, Brisbane, Tenants
The entirety of the 1 William Street building is occupied by various departments in the Queensland Government:


1 Yr Live
1 Yr Live is a live performance album by American noise rock band Pussy Galore, released in 1986 by Shove Records.


1 Yr Live, Track listing
All tracks are written by Jon Spencer, except where noted.


1 a Minute
1 a Minute is a 2010 American docudrama film written and directed by Indian American actress Namrata Singh Gujral. It is based on her own life and the lives of other women who suffered from cancer.


1 a Minute, Synopsis
The film is a hybrid between narrative structure and documentary style set to interweave throughout the film's plot. Based on the director's own experiences, the film follow the life of one woman and her struggle with breast cancer. The personal experiences of other celebrities who have themselves dealt with breast cancer, are interspersed throughout the film, as told by the celebrities themselves.


1 a Minute, Participants
Narrated by Kelly McGillis, the film includes interviews with Deepak Chopra, oncologist Dennis Slamon, and Ambassador Nancy Brinker, and features the participation of numerous celebrities who have themselves dealt either directly or indirectly with breast cancer. These include Olivia Newton-John, Namrata Singh Gujral, Jaclyn Smith, Melissa Etheridge, Bárbara Mori, Lisa Ray, Diahann Carroll, William Baldwin, Daniel Baldwin, Mumtaz, Jasmine Singh Cooper, and Priya Dutt.


1 a Minute, Background
The film deals a heavy focus on breast cancer, and features female celebrities from around the world who are cancer survivors. Scheduled to kick off [[Breast  Awareness Month]], the film released on October 6, 2010 in 532 theaters in the USA, where these theaters simulcast a live panel discussion featuring director Gujral, Melissa Etheridge, and Olivia Newton-John among others, immediately preceding the world premiere showing of the film. The film released in Indian theaters on 29 October 2010. This is reported to be the largest release to date for a cancer docudrama.


1 a Minute, Response
According to the Indo-Asian News Service, "[t]he documentary is an unprecedented push by global celebrity women, who are also cancer survivors, to help raise funds to find the cures, promote awareness and prevention as well as support survivors of women's cancers", with donations from the film set to support international Non-Profits & NGOs such as: Susan G. Komen for the Cure and Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation.


1 and 2 Tai Cochion
1 and 2 Tai Cochion consists of a pair of joined cottages in the village of Nannerch, Flintshire, Wales. Each of the cottages is designated by Cadw as a Grade II listed building. They were built for the railway engineer William Barber Buddicom in 1877–88 and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas.


1 and 2 Tai Cochion
The cottages are built in brick in vernacular revival style with tiled hipped roofs. Each is a mirror image of the other and they share a central chimney stack; the cottages are divided by a buttress in the lower storey. They have gables containing a lozenge pattern in the brickwork. Both cottages have rear extensions added in the 20th century.


1 by Two
1 by Two is a 2014 Indian Malayalam language psychological thriller film directed by Arun Kumar Aravind and written by Jeyamohan. It stars Fahadh Faasil, Murali Gopy, Honey Rose and Abhinaya. The film received mixed reviews and had a moderate showing at the box office.


1 by Two, Plot
Hari and Ravi are identical twins who share a very delicate and special emotional bond. When Hari dies in an accident, Ravi goes into a strange state of psychosis. Yusuf, a cop, tries to uncover the mystery involved in the case.


1 by Two, Production
The film is Aravind's fourth directorial venture. Bangalore, Mysore and Palakkad were the major locations where the film was shot.


1 centas
The 1 centas was a Lithuanian coin. It has been since replaced by the Euro.


1 euro cent coin
The 1 euro cent coin (€0.01) has a value of one hundredth of a euro and is composed of copper-covered steel. It is the lowest-value coin in the Eurozone, the next highest are the 2 and 5 euro cent coins. The coins of every Euro country have a common reverse and each has a country-specific (national) obverse. The coin has been used since 2002 and was not redesigned in 2007 as was the case with the higher-value coins.


1 euro cent coin, History
The coin dates from 2001, when euro coins and banknotes were introduced in the 12-member eurozone and its related territories. The common side was designed by Luc Luycx, a Belgian artist who won a Europe-wide competition to design the new coins. The design of the 1- to 5-cent coins was intended to show the European Union's (EU) place in the world (relative to Africa and Asia), as opposed to the one- and two-euro coins showing the 15 states as one and the 10- to 50-cent coins showing separate EU states.


1 euro cent coin, History
The national sides, then 15 (eurozone + Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican, who could mint their own), were each designed according to national competitions, though to specifications which applied to all coins, such as the requirement of including twelve stars (see euro coins for more). National designs were not allowed to change until the end of 2008, unless a monarch (whose portrait usually appears on the coins) dies or abdicates. This happened in Monaco and the Vatican City, resulting in three new designs in circulation (the Vatican had an interim design until the new Pope was selected). National designs have seen some changes due to new rules stating that national designs should include the name of the issuing country (Finland and Belgium both do not show their name, and hence have made minor changes).


1 euro cent coin, History
As the EU's membership has since expanded in 2004 and 2007, with further expansions envisaged, the common face of all euro coins from the value of 10 cents and above were redesigned in 2007 to show a new map. The 1- to 5-cent coins, however, did not change, as the highlighting of the old members over the globe was so faint it was not considered worth the cost. However, new national coin designs were added: in 2007 for Slovenia; in 2008 for Cyprus and Malta; in 2009 for Slovakia; in 2011 for Estonia; in 2014 for Latvia; and in 2015 for Lithuania.


1 euro cent coin, Design
The coins are composed of copper-covered steel, with a diameter of 16.25 mm, a 1.67 mm thickness and a mass of 2.30 grams. The coins' edges are smooth. The coins have been used from 2002, though some are dated 1999 which is the year the euro was created as a currency, but not put into general circulation.


1 euro cent coin, Design, Reverse (common) side
The reverse was designed by Luc Luycx and displays a globe in the bottom right. The then-fifteen members of the EU are lightly highlighted and the northern half of Africa and the western half of Asia (including the Middle East) are shown. Six fine lines cut diagonally behind the globe from each side of the coin and have twelve stars at their ends (reflective of the flag of Europe). To the top left is a large number 1 followed, in smaller text, by the words "EURO CENT". The designer's initials, LL, appear to the right of the globe.


1 euro cent coin, Design, Reverse (common) side
Starting in 2017 coins from individual member states have started adjusting their common side design to a new version, identified by smaller and more rounded numeral "1" and longer lines outside of the stars at the coin's circumference.


1 euro cent coin, Design, Obverse (national) sides
The obverse side of the coin depends on the issuing country. All have to include twelve stars (in most cases a circle around the edge), the engravers initials and the year of issue. New designs also have to include the name or initials of the issuing country. The side cannot repeat the denomination of the coin unless the issuing country uses an alphabet other than Latin (currently, Greece is the only such country, hence engraving "1 ΛΕΠΤΟ" upon its coins); Austria ignores this rule, engraving "EIN EURO CENT" on its coins.


1 euro cent coin, Design, Obverse (national) sides, Planned designs
Austria, Germany and Greece will also at some point need to update their designs to comply with guidelines stating they must include the issuing state's name or initial, and not repeat the denomination of the coin.


1 euro cent coin, Design, Obverse (national) sides, Planned designs
In addition, there are several EU states that have not yet adopted the euro, some of them have already agreed upon their coin designs; however, it is not known exactly when they will adopt the currency, and hence these are not yet minted. See enlargement of the Eurozone for expected entry dates of these countries.


1 euro cent coin, Usage
The one- and two-cent coins were initially introduced to ensure that the transition to the euro was not used as an excuse by retailers to heavily round up prices. However, due to the cost of maintaining a circulation of low-value coins by business and the mints, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands round prices to the nearest five cents (Swedish rounding) if paying by cash, while producing only a handful of those coins for collectors, rather than general circulation. Despite this, the coins are still legal tender and produced outside these states, so if customers with one-cent coins minted elsewhere wish to pay with them, they may.


1 euro cent coin, Usage
The Nederlandse Bank calculated it would save $36 million a year by not using the smaller coins. Other countries such as Germany favoured retaining the coins due to retailers' desire for €1.99 prices, which appear more attractive to the consumer than €2.00 (psychological pricing). According to a 2021 Eurobarometer survey of citizens across the Eurozone, 67% of respondants were in favor of the removal of the 1 and 2 cent coins and rounding of prices; with over 75% in Finland, Ireland, Italy, and Slovakia. All countries in the eurozone showed a plurality of people in favor of the abolishment.


1 euro cent coin, Nicknames
In Flemish, the 1- to 5-cent coins have the nickname koper (copper), ros (redhead) or rostjes (little redhead) due to their colour. In Portugal, the 1-cent coin gained the nicknames botão (button), feijão (bean) and pretos (blacks) due to its small size, colour and value: instead of gambling with real money, buttons sometimes are used. In Italy 1, 2 and 5 cents coins are called "ramini" meaning literally "small coppers".


1 euro coin
The 1 euro coin (€1) is a euro coin with a value of one euro. It is made of two alloys: the inner part of cupronickel, the outer part of nickel brass. All coins have a common reverse side and country-specific national sides. The coin has been used since 2002, with the present common side design dating from 2007.


1 euro coin
As of July 2019, there were approximately 7.5 billion one-euro coins in circulation, constituting 25.3% of all circulated euro coins by value and 5.6% by quantity.


1 euro coin, History
The coin dates from 2002, when euro coins and banknotes were introduced in the twelve-member Eurozone and its related territories. The common side was designed by Luc Luycx, a Belgian artist who won a Europe-wide competition to design the new coins. The design of the one and two euro coins was intended to show the European Union (EU) as a whole with the then 15 countries more closely joined together than on the 10- to 50-cent coins (the 1- to 5-cent coins showed the EU as one, though intending to show its place in the world).


1 euro coin, History
There were then 15 versions of the national sides (eurozone + Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican who could mint their own) and in each case there was a national competition to decide the design, which had to comply with uniform specifications, such as the requirement to include twelve stars (see euro coins). National designs were not allowed to change until the end of 2008, unless a monarch (whose portrait usually appears on the coins) died or abdicated.


1 euro coin, History
This happened in Monaco and the Vatican City, resulting in three new designs in circulation (the Vatican had an interim sede vacante design until the new Pope was elected). National designs have seen some changes, as they are now required to include the name of the issuing country: previously neither Finland nor Belgium showed this. As of 2010, Austria, Germany and Greece are obliged to change their designs due this requirement in the future.


1 euro coin, History
As the EU's membership has since expanded in 2004 and 2007, with further expansions envisaged, the common face of all euro coins of values of 10 cents and above were redesigned in 2007 to show a new map. This map showed Europe, not just the EU, as one continuous landmass; however Cyprus was moved west as the map cut off after the Bosphorus (which was seen as excluding Turkey for political reasons). The 2007 redesign coincided with the first enlargement of the eurozone in that year, with the entry of Slovenia. Hence, the Slovenian design was added to the designs in circulation. Since then designs for Cyprus, Malta, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been added as each of these states joined the eurozone. Andorra began minting its own designs in 2014 after winning the right to do so.


1 euro coin, Design
The coins are composed of two alloys. The inner circle is composed of three layers (copper-nickel, nickel, copper-nickel) and the outer ring of nickel brass, giving the coin a two-colour appearance. The coin has a diameter of 23.25 mm, thickness 2.33 mm and a mass of 7.5 grams. The coins' edges consist of alternating segments: three smooth, three finely ribbed. The coins have been used from 2002, though some are dated 1999, which is the year the euro was created as a currency, but not put into general circulation.


1 euro coin, Design, Reverse (common) side
The reverse (used from 2007 onwards) was designed by Luc Luycx and displays a map of Europe, not including Iceland and cutting off, in a semicircle, at the Bosphorus, north through the middle of Ukraine, then Russia and through northern Scandinavia. Cyprus is located further west than it should be and Malta is shown disproportionately large so that it appears on the map. The map has numerous indentations giving an appearance of geography rather than a flat design.


1 euro coin, Design, Reverse (common) side
Six fine lines cut across the map except where there is landmass and have a star at each end—reflecting the twelve stars on the flag of Europe. Across the map is the word EURO, and a large number 1 appears to the left hand side of the coin. The designer's initials, LL, appear next to Cyprus.


1 euro coin, Design, Reverse (common) side
Luc Luycx designed the original coin, which was much the same except that the design was only of the then 15 members in their entirety and showing borders and no geographic features. The map was less detailed and the lines the stars were upon cut through where there would be landmass in eastern Europe if it were shown.


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side
The obverse side of the coin depends on the issuing country. All have to include twelve stars (in most cases a circle around the edge), the engraver's initials and the year of issue. New designs also have to include the name or initials of the issuing country. The side cannot repeat the denomination of the coin unless the issuing country uses an alphabet other than Latin (currently, Greece is the only such country, hence "1 ΕΥΡΩ" is engraved upon its coin. Austria is currently in breach of the revised rules, but has so far not announced plans to remove "1 EURO" from its coin).


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side, Planned designs
Austria, Germany and Greece will at some point need to update their designs to comply with guidelines stating they must include the issuing state's name or initial, and not repeat the denomination of the coin.


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side, Planned designs
In addition, there are several EU states that have not yet adopted the euro, some of them have already agreed upon their coin designs; however, it is not known exactly when they will adopt the currency, and hence these are not yet minted. See enlargement of the Eurozone for expected entry dates of these countries.


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side, Minting
One-euro coins have been produced every year in Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain. In Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, San Marino and the Vatican City no €1 coins were minted dated 1999, 2000 and 2001. In Monaco, no €1 coins were minted in 1999, 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2010. Malta did not issue €1 coins in 2009. Slovenia and Slovakia have produced coins every year since their respective entries to the eurozone.


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side, Minting
Proof €1 coins are minted by the majority, but not all, of the eurozone states.


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side, Minting
One of the most valuable planned issues of a €1 coin was by Vatican City in 2002, which may sell for several hundred euros. However, the French mint marks were mistakenly not placed on some 2007 Monaco coins which are hence worth more than €200 to collectors.


1 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) side, Minting
PP means the proof-condition coins. Numbers means if more than one coin was minted in that year in that condition by the country. In Germany, there are five mint marks, so they mint ten types of coins in every year. In Greece, there were coins in 2002 which were minted in Finland with S mint mark. In the Vatican, there were coins minted with John Paul II's effigy, and with "Sede Vacante" image in 2005.


1 euro coin, Error coins
There are several error 1-euro coins: Italian types from 2002 without mintmarks; Portuguese coins, also from 2002 with another type of edging (28 stripes instead of 29) and from 2008 with the first type of the common side, officially used until 2007; and the famous Monegasque coin from 2007 without mint marks.


1 fille & 4 types
1 fille & 4 types (meaning 1 Girl & 4 Guys) is a French-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released by Columbia Records on 13 October 2003. 1 fille & 4 types features thirteen songs written and arranged by Jean-Jacques Goldman, Erick Benzi, Jacques Veneruso and Gildas Arzel, and produced by Benzi. The first single from the album, "Tout l'or des hommes" reached top ten in all Francophone countries, including number one in Quebec and number three in France. It was followed by "Et je t'aime encore" and "Contre nature".


1 fille & 4 types
1 fille & 4 types received favourable reviews from music critics, some of whom noticed that it is a record that many Dion fans were hoping would arrive one day. On the commercial level, the album also became a success. It topped the charts in Canada, France, Belgium Wallonia and Greece, and also reached top ten in Switzerland, Poland, Finland and Belgium Flandres. 1 fille & 4 types was certified 2× Platinum in France, Platinum in Belgium and Switzerland, and Gold in Finland.


1 fille & 4 types, Background
Dion started working on her upcoming French-language album on 8 October 2002 in Paris when she met with four well-known French songwriters and producers: Jean-Jacques Goldman, Erick Benzi, Jacques Veneruso and Gildas Arzel. After four days of rehearsals, Dion met with them again in Las Vegas in May 2003, during her break from performing in A New Day.... The songs were recorded between 2–11 May 2003.


1 fille & 4 types, Background
On 11 August 2003, Dion's official website announced that the release of the new French album titled 1 fille & 4 types (meaning 1 Girl & 4 Guys) was set for 13 October 2003 in Europe and 14 October 2003 in Canada. Dion worked on this project with "4 Guys" only: Goldman, Benzi, Veneruso and Arzel. Goldman, who wrote and produced the best-selling French-language albums of all time: D'eux and S'il suffisait d'aimer, guided 1 fille & 4 types as the artistic director. The first single, "Tout l'or des hommes" was sent to radio on 27 August 2003.


1 fille & 4 types, Background
It was written by Jacques Veneruso who wrote Dion's 2001 number-one hit, "Sous le vent". The music video for the song was serviced to video outlets in September 2003 and the CD single was scheduled for release on 6 October 2003 in France, Switzerland and Belgium, on 7 October 2003 in Canada and a few weeks later in Germany. The behind the scenes from "Tout l'or des hommes" video and making of the album was posted in the video section on celinedion.com on 28 September 2003. 1 fille & 4 types was also scheduled for release in the United States on 11 November 2003, in Japan on 17 December 2003, in Sweden on 9 February 2004 and in Spain on 19 April 2004.


1 fille & 4 types, Content
On 14 September 2003, the track listing for the album containing twelve songs was posted on celinedion.com. On 23 September 2003, it was revealed that 1 fille & 4 types will be released in three different versions. While the standard edition was available from all retailers, a Deluxe Edition with special photos and a DVD was sold in Europe and exclusively in Archambault stores in Canada. Finally, the Limited Edition with a special 45-page booklet will be available in France's Carrefour stores. After the album was released it turned out that it contains a hidden track, "Valse adieu".


1 fille & 4 types, Content
The songs were written and arranged by Jean-Jacques Goldman, Erick Benzi, Jacques Veneruso and Gildas Arzel, and produced by Benzi. Jean-Jacques Goldman's brother, J Kapler co-wrote "Et je t'aime encore" and wrote "Valse adieu". Goldman, Benzi, Veneruso and Arzel also played instruments and sang lead and background vocals on the album. The album contains three covers: "Retiens-moi" recorded by Nanette Workman for her 1996 album Une à une, "Tu nages" recorded by Anggun for her 2000 album Désirs contraires, and "Rien n'est vraiment fini" recorded by Leyla Doriane for her 2000 album Libre. "Et je t'aime encore" is a French-language version of the song "Je t'aime encore" from One Heart which was released in March 2003.


1 fille & 4 types, Promotion
To promote the album, Dion taped a television special at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas on 1 October 2003. The footage from this show was used to create two television specials, one for Canada and the second for France.


1 fille & 4 types, Promotion
During the first television special for Canada titled 1 fille & 4 types à Las Vegas, Dion was interviewed by Julie Snyder and short clips of performances form The Colosseum at Caesars Palace were shown, including: "Le loup, la biche et le chevalier (une chanson douce)" (duet with Henri Salvador), "Je lui dirai", "Apprends-moi", "Mon homme", "Quand on n'a que l'amour" (duet with the winner of Star Académie), "Sous le vent" (duet with Garou), "Contre nature", "Toi et moi" (duet with Charles Aznavour), "Tout l'or des hommes", "Et je t'aime encore", "Ne bouge pas" and "Le vol d'un ange". The show was broadcast on 19 October 2003 on TVA and attracted 1,536,500 viewers becoming the most watched program in Quebec that day.


1 fille & 4 types, Promotion
The second television special for France, Céline!


1 fille & 4 types, Promotion
was hosted by Flavie Flament and included the full performances of the following songs: "Tout l'or des hommes" (with "4 Guys": Jean-Jacques Goldman, Erick Benzi, Jacques Veneruso and Gildas Arzel), "On ne change pas", "Toi et moi" (with Charles Aznavour), "Et je t'aime encore", "Pour que tu m'aimes encore" (duet with Florent Pagny), "Le vol d'un ange", "Apprends-moi" (with "4 Guys"), "Le loup, la biche et le chevalier (une chanson douce)" (with Henri Salvador), "Sous le vent" (with Garou), "S'il suffisait d'aimer" (with Patrick Fiori, Florent Pagny and Roch Voisine) and "Valse adieu" (with "4 Guys").


1 fille & 4 types, Promotion
The show also included solo performances by the special guests: Roch Voisine, Garou, Florent Pagny, Patrick Fiori, Michael Jones, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Charles Aznavour, Gérard Darmon, Martin Fontaine, Henry Salvador and Ricky Martin. The television special was broadcast on 18 November 2003 on TF1 and became the most watched program of the French prime-time by attracting 6,131,800 viewers and getting the 31,1% share of the audience.


1 fille & 4 types, Promotion
On 15 October 2003, Dion returned to The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform her show, A New Day.... Therefore, she could not promote the album the way she used to do with her previous releases.


1 fille & 4 types, Singles
The first single, "Tout l'or des hommes" was released on 6 October 2003 and reached number one in Quebec, number two in Canada, number three in France, number five in Belgium Wallonia and number ten in Switzerland. It was also certified Silver in France. The second single, "Et je t'aime encore" was sent to radio on 11 December 2003 and the limited edition CD single was released on 23 February 2004. The music video for "Et je t'aime encore" premiered on 8 March 2004.


1 fille & 4 types, Singles
"Et je t'aime encore" reached number two in Quebec, number fourteen in Belgium Wallonia, number sixteen in France and number thirty-one in Switzerland. The cover art for the next promotional only single, "Contre nature" was released to TeamCeline members on 6 March 2004. "Contre nature" was sent to radio in France on 18 March 2004 and in Canada on 12 April 2004. The music video, directed by Didier Kerbrat in Las Vegas, premiered on 30 April 2004. The song reached number two in Quebec. "Je lui dirai" was later included on Dion's next album, Miracle and released as a promotional single in October 2004.


1 fille & 4 types, Critical reception
The album met with favourable reviews from music critics. A reviewer from the Montreal Gazette called the album the "most sympathetic and intimate work of her career". The French newspaper Le Parisien gave it a rating of excellent, while the Swiss newspaper Le Matin wrote "It's solid Dion, square and effectively devilish". Rob Theakston from AllMusic wrote that 1 fille & 4 types "is a record that many Dion fans were hoping would arrive one day.


1 fille & 4 types, Critical reception
Her voice values dynamics over acrobatics and the band is stripped down to its bare essentials, taking Dion into relatively unfamiliar territories such as country-pop and folk, and she proves herself more than up to the task of delivering top-notch performances every time.


1 fille & 4 types, Critical reception
This stripped-down, back-to-basics attitude is only further reinforced within the album's packaging: Dion in several fashionably rugged poses that could have come straight from an Abercrombie & Fitch catalog complete with photos of a rugged life 'on the road,' including a shot of her with the band all lying on a bed together with her hair up in a towel and the air conditioner apparently not working during the summertime.


1 fille & 4 types, Critical reception
It's completely premeditated and no diva in her right mind would stand for such living conditions, but this only reinforces how far away Dion wants to distance herself from her image this time around. The pop songs are equally as infectious as they are hummable". Entertainment Weekly editor David Browne wrote a mixed review "The presentation cries out empress of overkill goes alt-rock, but the truth is much less engaging" and said that album "does stand as a marked departure from her usual fare.


1 fille & 4 types, Critical reception
Forsaking orchestras and pop gloss, she and her guys offer up reverby twang in "Tout l'or des hommes," a slide-guitar romp in "Ne bouge pas," and enough mopey, semi-unplugged arrangements to make you think they just discovered Bruce Springsteen's "Tunnel of Love". For her part, Dion sounds more restrained than on her English-language extravaganzas. The album falls victim to the same bathetic love songs that cripple every Dion project, and the quasi-adventurous production gives way to drippy folk-pop balladry".


1 fille & 4 types, Commercial performance
Dion rocketed to the top of the Canadian chart for the second time in less than seven months. Her French-language album 1 fille & 4 types accomplished the feat with first-week sales of 44,532 copies, including 42,500 units sold in Quebec alone. It marked her sixth number-one album in the SoundScan era and her fourth to debut at the top position. Dion's previous album One Heart entered the chart at number one in April 2003 selling 97,000 copies. 1 fille & 4 types stayed at number one for the second week, selling 19,300 units. In the third week, it fell to number seven with sales of 8,300 copies. The album has sold over 100,000 units in Canada in 2003. It also debuted at number one in Quebec and stayed at the top for three weeks.


1 fille & 4 types, Commercial performance
In France, 1 fille & 4 types debuted at number one selling 123,600 copies and remained at the top for four non-consecutive weeks. On 18 December 2003, 1 fille & 4 types was certified 2× Platinum for shipping 600,000 copies and it became the fifth best-selling album of 2003. It has sold over 750,000 copies in France.


1 fille & 4 types, Commercial performance
1 fille & 4 types also reached number one in Belgium Wallonia for two consecutive weeks, and peaked at number one in Greece, number two in Switzerland, number seven in Poland, number nine in Belgium Flandres and Finland, and eventually reached number nine on the European Top 100 Albums. It was certified Platinum in Belgium and Switzerland, and Gold in Finland.


1 fille & 4 types, Accolades
In December 2003, 1 fille & 4 types was nominated for the NRJ Music Award in category Best French-Language Album of the Year. In February 2004, Dion received four nominations for the Juno Awards of 2004, including Francophone Album of the Year for 1 fille & 4 types, Artist of the Year and Fan Choice Award. In September 2004, she received three nominations for the Félix Awards, including Best-Selling Album of the Year for 1 fille & 4 types and Female Artist of the Year.


1 fille & 4 types, Certifications and sales
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.


1 fois 5
The album 1 fois 5, released in 1976, includes the greatest hits of the artists Robert Charlebois, Gilles Vigneault, Claude Léveillée, Yvon Deschamps and Jean-Pierre Ferland, interpreted on Mount Royal on Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day.


1 fois 5
The following year, the album won the prize of the Académie Charles Cros.


1 for 3
1 for 3 is a Philippine television situational comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Bert De Leon, it stars Vic Sotto, Rosanna Roces and Ai- Ai delas Alas. It premiered on April 10, 1997. The series concluded on June 24, 2001. It was replaced by Daddy Di Do Du in its timeslot.


1 for 3, Premise
Gene, a high school teacher who won a lottery ticket to own a house in an exclusive subdivision. He has to share the house he won with two other co-winners in the lottery, Marilen and Susie. Left with no other choice, the reluctant new trio has to live together under one roof and deal with the house's landlady, who thinks that her tenants have a threesome relationship.


1 for 7 Billion campaign
1 for 7 Billion is a civil society campaign calling for the selection and appointment process of the UN Secretary-General to be reformed. It claims the current procedure, which was developed in 1946, is “outdated” and incompatible with selecting the best candidate. 1 for 7 Billion calls for the selection process to be open to public scrutiny and be based on merit. Its goal is to improve the selection procedures ahead of the appointment of the next Secretary-General in 2016.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Background
1 for 7 Billion was launched in November 2014, when 12 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) sent a letter to all UN member states asking for “a more open and inclusive process engaging all UN member states [which] will help to revitalise the UN and enhance its global authority.”


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Background
1 for 7 Billion has its roots in an earlier civil society initiative, “UNSGselection”, aimed to improve the selection process ahead of the appointment of the Secretary-General in 2006 which was developed by the World Federalist Movement. The UNSGselection campaign promoted an overt selection process and sought to do this through the adoption of measures such as: listing candidate qualifications; an official timetable; assessments of candidates; and a system of background checks.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Background
1 for 7 Billion is one of several civil society initiatives which has emerged to influence the appointment of the UN’s ninth Secretary-General. The Elders, a group of former world leaders founded by Nelson Mandela, has also advocated for changes to the selection process as part of its “A UN Fit for Purpose” initiative.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Background
In light of the absence of female Secretaries-General, the “Campaign to Elect a Woman Secretary-General” and the “SheUNited” campaign both advocate for a woman to be appointed. Similarly, the "UNSG Like Me" campaign aims to draw awareness to the lack of gender parity in high-level UN appointments through its interactive website, which allows users to see whether there has been a female UN leader appointed from their country. These campaigns differ from the 1 for 7 Billion campaign, which does not advocate for the next Secretary-General to necessarily be a woman.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Objectives
Overall, 1 for 7 Billion advocates for greater transparency in the selection process for the UN Secretary-General. The campaign lists ten reforms which it claims will make the appointment of the next Secretary-General democratic and observable by UN member states and the general public. These are similar suggestions to those of UNSGselection and further call for formal selection criteria, a single, non-renewable term of appointment and the recommendation of multiple candidates by the Security Council to the General Assembly.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Objectives
The 1 for 7 Billion campaign is also calling on the General Assembly to discourage candidates from making promises of high-level positions to nationals of the permanent five countries in exchange for their support.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Objectives
As a civil society initiative, 1 for 7 Billion argues that civil society should play a greater role in the selection process, and works to inform non-governmental organizations and others about this issue. The campaign was described by Mogens Lykketoft, the President of the UN General Assembly, as a "driving force" in the engagement of civil society in the selection process.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Previous Selection Process
There is an informal regional rotation scheme for the selection of the UN Secretary-General, despite the absence of any provision in the Charter of the United Nations that specifies such a scheme. It is speculated that Eastern Europe is a strong contender in the 2016 appointment as it is the only region from which a Secretary-General has never before been selected.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Previous Selection Process
Article 97 of the United Nations Charter guides the selection procedure stating that “the Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council”.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Previous Selection Process
In practice, one candidate is chosen in private by the Security Council without discussing with member states or publishing a list of candidates. It is UN Security Council practice that the five permanent members of the Security Council – the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China – have an effective veto over the selection during this stage of the process, though this is not explicitly mentioned in the United Nations Charter. The final candidate is then submitted to the General Assembly for ratification. No candidate has ever been rejected by the General Assembly.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Previous Selection Process
The appointment of the first UN Secretary-General, Trygve Lie, in 1945 saw a different selection process to that of his successors. Following his recommendation by the Security Council, the General Assembly held a secret ballot which saw Lie elected with 46 votes to three. The General Assembly also took an atypically prominent role in the re-appointment process deciding to extend Lie’s term by majority vote in light of the Security Council being unable to agree on a recommendation for the next Secretary-General.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Recent Changes to the Selection Process
The 1 for 7 Billion campaign has been advocating for changes to be made to the UN Secretary-General selection process since its launch in 2014. These changes include: formal nomination process with clear deadlines and job qualifications, a single, non-renewable seven-year term, engagement with the candidates and for the Security Council to nominate more than one candidate.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Recent Changes to the Selection Process
In September 2015, the British Government backed 1 for 7 Billion’s proposed reforms for the selection process in a House of Lords debate on UN effectiveness. Ms. Petra Bayr, a member of the Austrian parliament, also tabled a motion in support of the 1 for 7 Billion campaign. In response, Mr. Sebastian Kurz, Austria’s Foreign Minister, noted that the 1 for 7 Billion campaign’s objectives were similar to those of the ACT group of Member States, of which Austria is a member.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Recent Changes to the Selection Process
In September 2015 the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 69/321 to ensure that the selection process of the Secretary-General is “guided by the principles of transparency and inclusiveness”.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Recent Changes to the Selection Process
Following this resolution, in December 2015 a letter was sent to all member states by the Presidents of the General Assembly and of the Security Council inviting them to nominate candidates for the role of Secretary-General, along with their credentials. General Assembly president Mogens Lykketoft has also planned public meetings in early 2016 for members to ask questions of the candidates.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Recent Changes to the Selection Process
To date, nine official candidates have been announced (in order of nomination): Srgjan Kerim, former UN General Assembly president; Vesna Pusić, Deputy Speaker of the Croatian Parliament; Igor Lukšić, Foreign Minister of Montenegro; Danilo Türk, former President of Slovenia; Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO; Natalia Gherman, former Deputy Prime Minister of Moldova and Minister of Foreign Affairs; António Guterres, former UN High Commissioner for Refugees; Vuk Jeremic, former President of the UN General Assembly; and Helen Clark, former Prime Minister of New Zealand


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Recent Changes to the Selection Process
In February 2016, 1 for 7 Billion started writing to all official candidates for the position of UN Secretary-General asking them to commit publicly to serving a single term of office and make the selection process open to public scrutiny.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Structure
The 1 for 7 Billion campaign is led by an informal steering committee, which consists of Avaaz, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung New York, United Nations Association - UK, and the World Federalist Movement. It is supported by over 750 non-governmental organizations with an estimated reach of over 170 million people.


1 for 7 Billion campaign, Structure
In addition to its own membership, 1 for 7 Billion collaborates with other civil society groups and UN member states engaged with this issue. 1 for 7 Billion has participated in events sponsored by the Elders group and the Accountability, Coherence, and Transparency (ACT) group of UN member states. It has also worked with Equality Now’s “Time for a Woman” campaign to encourage the candidacy of highly qualified women for the position of Secretary-General.


1 gauge
1 gauge, gauge 1 or gauge one is a  model railway and toy train standard that was popular in the early 20th century, particularly with European manufacturers. Its track measures 1.75 in (44.45 mm), making it larger than 0 gauge but slightly smaller than wide gauge, which came to be the dominant U.S. standard during the 1920s.


1 gauge
Gauge one was standardised, according to Model Railways and Locomotive magazine of August 1909, at 1.75 in (44.45 mm). An exact 1:32 scale would yield 1.766 in (44.85 mm) for standard gauge prototype. The distance between the wheel tyres was set at 1 17⁄32 in (38.894 mm) and between the centre of the track 48 mm (no inch equivalent suggesting it was metric users' requirement only). The wheel width was set at 19⁄64 in (7.541 mm).


1 gauge
Definitions using gauge, rather than scale, were more common in the early days with the four gauges for which standards were adopted being No. 0 (commonly called O gauge currently), No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3.


1 gauge, Popularity
Initially as popular in the United States as in the UK, 1 gauge lost popularity in the U.S. due to World War I, which dramatically decreased foreign imports, allowing the U.S. wide gauge standard to gain traction. After World War I, most surviving U.S. manufacturers switched to wide gauge. In the UK and the rest of the world, 1 gauge also declined, although more slowly, and by the 1940s had practically disappeared.


1 gauge, Popularity
In the 1950s and 1960s 1 gauge experienced a renaissance, first in the UK and then elsewhere. This was helped by 1 gauge being the same size as the modern G scale, a popular standard for outdoor model railways.


1 gauge, Scale
Although vintage 1 gauge trains use the same track standard as modern G scale, scale modeling was not a primary design consideration in 1 gauge's heyday, so the actual size and scale of the locomotives and cars (UK, wagons) varied. Generally, 1 gauge equipment works out to approximately 1:32 scale (roughly 10 mm = 1 foot). G scale at 1:22.5 means the 1 gauge track represents 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge track. Such railways are to be found in, among other places, Switzerland, the inspiration source for many commercial G gauge models.


1 gauge, Live steam
Due to the size of the locomotives it is possible for them to be powered with live steam, which to many is a large advantage as they are cheaper than traditional live steam garden railways. These are usually fired by gas or methylated spirit, which are both very popular. Another form, which is becoming popular, is coal, which gives the user the smell that only steam locomotives carry.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
Accucraft Trains in California, The Gauge One Model Railway Company in Britain, and Aster Hobbies Ltd in Japan produce gauge 1 items, mostly coal, methylated spirits, and butane fired.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
Wrightway Rolling Stock produce a range of quality coaches for British outline gauge one railways and a range of cars for North American and European outline railways. They can supply from their range or custom build. Some of the range is available in 10 mm scale.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
Märklin, in Germany, has produced several different lines of trains that can be considered 1 gauge. Their first production took place in the late 1800s, with a line of "tinplate" type trains. This line was discontinued in favour of their more popular 0 gauge trains. In the late 1960s, Märklin re-entered the large scale market with a modest range of 1 gauge trains. Based upon one drive mechanism made of metal, Märklin produced both a German Class 80 0-6-0T steam locomotive in two different liveries and a 0-Co-0 diesel based upon a Henschel design.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
This early range included two-axle passenger cars, two-axle box cars and tank cars, all made of plastic. The tank cars could hold liquids and the box car and passenger car had operating doors. This range continued in production for a number of years, but was gradually replaced with more accurate locomotives and larger cars. The range expanded to include a Class 38 4-6-0, a Class 78 4-6-4T and a Class 212 Bo-Bo diesel. In the late 1980s the Märklin 1 gauge line included a large number of freight car designs in different liveries and a range of three axle passenger cars. The earlier passenger cars and box cars were retained, while the tank cars were discontinued.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
In the early 2000s, Märklin added a second line of gauge one trains under the brand name "Maxi". These trains were made of stamped metal and were more toylike in appearance in comparison to their scale version of 1 gauge trains. The Maxi line was intended to compete against the more popular LGB product line, which also operates on 45 mm gauged track, but is scaled to IIm standards. As the Maxi line matured, the toylike shiny appearance gradually gave way to matte finishes.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
This was in response to European market requests, while the toylike appearance was considered to be more popular in the North American market. In later years, the Maxi product line was gradually folded into the conventional Märklin 1 gauge product line, with the mark "Maxi" disappearing around 2008. One of the last locomotives marketed under the "Maxi" brand was a Class V60, which had a stamped metal frame and cast metal superstructure. This locomotive is considered to be the end of the Maxi line. The 1 gauge product line continues in production, super-detailed and more expensive than the Maxi line.


1 gauge, Manufacturers
There are many producers of gauge one items in the U.S. and the UK; see the gauge one model railway association website listed below under "External links".


1 gauge, In popular culture
This is the scale and gauge that was used for the model locomotives and rolling stock in seasons 1 to 12 of Thomas & Friends before switching to CGI animation.


1 in 60 rule
In air navigation, the 1 in 60 rule is a rule of thumb which states that if a pilot has travelled sixty miles then an error in track of one mile is approximately a 1° error in heading, and proportionately more for larger errors. The rule is used by single pilots with many other tasks to perform, often in a basic aircraft without the aid of an autopilot, who need a simple process that can be performed in their heads. This rule is also used by air traffic controllers to quickly determine how much to turn an aircraft for separation purposes.


1 in 60 rule
The rule is based on the small-angle approximation (which states that, for small angles, sin θ ≈ θ, where θ is in radians), along with the fact that one radian (which is about 57.3°) is close to 60°. In reality a 1 mile in 60 error is 0.96°, and the rule becomes increasingly inaccurate for larger errors. But since even a skilled pilot cannot manually fly with better than about 2° accuracy, and winds are constantly varying, the rule remains useful for most realistic situations.


1 in 60 rule
This rule of thumb is incredibly powerful in the aviation environment. It states that for each degree off (or displacement) over a distance of 60 nautical miles (NM), it will result in 1 NM off course. It can be applied in various areas of interest when flying, and is easily remembered. This proves to be valuable in many different scenarios, en route navigation, approach, and even on vertical profiles.


1 in 60 rule
The math behind this shows that this method is not entirely accurate, with roughly a 5% error, but the rule's objective is to get workable numbers in a dynamic environment, and it fits this purpose quite well. Here is the breakdown:


1 in 60 rule
A circle of 60 NM radius has a circumference of:


1 in 60 rule
As a coincidence, 1 NM is about 6,000 feet (6,076.1 feet) so we can use the 60:1 rule for this too. For a 1 degree shift at 1 NM, there are about 100 feet of offset.


1 in 60 rule
This becomes very useful for estimating or correcting vertical speed settings and flight path angles (FPA) during climb, descent, or approaches.


1 in 60 rule
If a gradient in % is required, the numbers work out with the same rule:


1 in 60 rule
It is also useful to find out the lateral deviation from a given VOR course or radial: Each dot on a VOR indicator represents 2° of deviation, or 200' per dot per DME.


1 in 60 rule
There are other applications to this rule. One such application is time drift.


1 in 60 rule
An hour is equal to 60 minutes, and a minute is equal to 60 seconds, so some other relationships between angle and time can be observed.


1 in 60 rule, Examples
If a pilot is flying a leg of 120 miles and finds after traveling 60 miles that he is two miles to the right of track, then a correction of 4° to the left (2° to fly parallel to the intended track and another 2° to bring him to his target) will bring him to his destination.


1 in 60 rule, Examples
If a pilot is flying a 120-mile leg and finds after 30 miles that he is two miles left of track, then he has flown 4° left of his intended track, i.e.


1 in 60 rule, Examples
left of track. Changing the heading four degrees right will now bring him to parallel the intended track. At that point he still has 90 miles to his next waypoint. He is thus two miles to the left of that and thus the waypoint is 4/3 of a degree (2 × 60/90) to the right, or approximately 1° right. The pilot then adds these two to get 5° and flies 5° right of t his previous heading.


1 in 60 rule, Examples
One can also use the 1 in 60 rule to approximate distance from a VOR, by flying 90 degrees to a radial and timing how long it takes to fly 10 degrees (the limit of the course deviation indicator). The time in seconds divided by 10 is roughly equal to the time in minutes from the station, at the current ground speed.


1 kroon
The 1 kroon (1 EEK) is the smallest valued banknote of the Estonian kroon, the former currency of Estonia. Kristjan Raud (1865–1943), an Estonian painter, teacher, and cultural historian, is featured with a portrait on the obverse. A view of Toompea Castle in Tallinn appears on the reverse.


1 kroon
The 1 kroon was only issued once and had been steadily going out of circulation since a coin of the same value was also issued. At the time of replacement by the euro, it was very rarely found in use on an everyday basis. It can be exchanged indefinitely at the currency museum of Eesti Pank for €0.06.


1 kroon coin (1934)
The 1 kroon coin was put in circulation from 1 August 1934 to 25 March 1941, during the first independence period of Estonia. The exact number of coins minted is not known, as part of the archives was destroyed in the war, but some data indicate that about 3,406,066 pieces were struck. Between 1935 and 1936, 1,586,000 1 kroon coins were minted. Designed by graphic artist Günther Reindorff, it depicts the image of a 13th-century Viking cargo ship.


1 kroon coin (1934), Monetary reform
With the Estonian monetary reform in January 1928 the law was changed as the Riigikogu had an amendment made to the law which stated that coins of 1 and 2 krooni could be minted in other metals, not only in silver as had been the case. As the silver coins of previous coinage had been too expensive, it was decided that this requirement would have to be eliminated. The corresponding change in the law came into effect on 24 March 1934.


1 kroon coin (1934), Monetary reform
As published by the Riigi Teataja, the Economics Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Estonia announced that the Money Amendment Act (RT 30 of 1933) §§ 4 and 5, allowed the Economics Department of the Ministry of Finance to put in circulation the one-kroon coin as of 1 August 1934. The shape, dimensions, hardness, and metal composition amended within the meaning of the Act remained as such according to the law, but had yet to be approved by the government.


1 kroon coin (1934), Monetary reform
On 25 November 1940, the Occupation of the Baltic states by the Soviet authorities put into circulation the ruble, and on 25 March 1941, three months before the outbreak of the war with the Third Reich, the Estonian crown was withdrawn from circulation. During the German (1941-1944) and Soviet (1944-1991) occupation of Estonia, foreign currency introduced by the occupiers remained in circulation.


1 kroon coin (1934), Designing
As in the case of the Estonian Mark, the Bank of Estonia announced a competition for the design of new banknotes and coins to be held on 4 June 1926. The competition was attended by many well-known artists of the period such as Eduard Wiiralt, Peet Aren, Roman Nyman, and Nikolai Triik. The winner was graphic artist Günther Reindorff, who had already designed the coins for the Estonian mark.


1 kroon coin (1934), Designing
Coined in aluminum-bronze, the coin shows a golden color and weighs 6 grams (permissible error of ± 1%), has a diameter of 2.525 inches (± 0.5%), with value equivalent to 0.4032 grams of gold, being its edge smooth. The obverse of the coin bears in the center a large state seal, the coat of arms of Estonia, topped with an arc-shaped text which reads "Eesti Vabariik", and the year of issue "1934" at the bottom edge. The reverse depicts the Viking ship knarr (knorr) at sea, under which the inscription 1 kroon appears.


1 kroon coin (1934), Designing
Coins with the same design were minted in 1990, but they are not legal tender, having been produced as souvenirs. One version is even less original, having a diameter of only 16 mm and on the front the inscription "Eesti" instead of "Eesti Vabariik". These coins are both made of gold as well as silver. Another re-issued version of the coin is about its original size, but the quality of the parts is much worse.


1 kroon coin (1934), Designing
In 2012, the 1934 one-kroon coin was voted "the prettiest coin ever to be in circulation in Estonia".


1 manat
1 manat - (Azerbaijani: 1 manat and Turkmen: 1 manat) is the one of banknotes in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. It was issued in Turkmenistan in 2011.


1 naya paisa (Indian coin)
The Indian One Naya paisa (Hindi: एक नया पैसा), was a unit of currency equaling 1⁄100 (one-hundredth) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the "Indian Coinage Act". Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called "Naya Paisa" (Hindi: नया पैसा) (English: New Paisa) and on 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Naya paisa coin has been demonetized and is no longer a Legal tender.


1 naya paisa (Indian coin), History
Prior to 1957, Indian rupee was not decimalised and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 AD was further divided into 16 annas. Each anna was further divided to four Indian pices and each pice into three Indian pies till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the "Indian Coinage Act" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called "Naya Paisa" (English: New Paisa). On 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Naya paisa coins were issued as a part of "The Decimal Series". Naya paisa coin was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on 30 June 2011.


1 of 1 (album)
1 of 1 is the fifth Korean studio album and the ninth overall by South Korean boy band Shinee. It was released digitally and physically on October 5, 2016, under SM Entertainment and distributed by KT Music. The album contains nine songs, including the title track of the same name, "1 of 1". Musically, the album is a modernized twist on the retro genre, and stretches back to the 1980–1990 period. Additionally, based on their '90s theme, the group released a limited edition of cassette tapes alongside the CD version.


1 of 1 (album)
In order to promote the album, Shinee appeared on several South Korean music programs, such as Music Bank, Show! Music Core, and Inkigayo, where they performed material from the album. On November 15, 2016, Shinee released a repackaged version of their fifth studio album titled 1 and 1 with five new songs, including the title track, "Tell Me What to Do". The album is also Shinee's last Korean album to feature Jonghyun prior to his death the following year.


1 of 1 (album)
The album received favorable reviews from music critics, who praised Shinee's successful attempt at the retro style, bringing back the classic, old-school boy band sound, while maintaining the dreamy-like sound of their last album, Odd. It was commercially successful in South Korea and peaked atop the Gaon Album Chart, selling over 170,000 album copies in one month. The album also charted at number two on the Billboard World Albums chart. Its title track, "1 of 1", peaked at number four on the Gaon Digital Chart and number three on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart.


1 of 1 (album)
The accompanying music video for "1 of 1" also received positive reviews. Stephanie Choi of Hello Asia and Gina Mei of Cosmopolitan praised the nostalgic feel of the video, as several aspects — the costumes, the simple, white backdrop, and old film transition techniques — reflect the retro style of the late 1980s and 1990s. Jeff Benjamin of Fuse praised the atypical portrayals of beauty, as the video includes many different looking female models.


1 of 1 (album), Background and release, 1 of 1
On September 4, 2016, Shinee held their fifth solo concert, titled Shinee World V, in Seoul, South Korea. Four of the 34 songs that were performed were songs from the group's new album: "Prism", "Feel Good", "Don't Let Me Go" and "So Amazing". The album was originally intended to be released in the middle of September, but member Onew sustained an injury while performing during the group's concert and the album release was delayed.


1 of 1 (album), Background and release, 1 of 1
On September 27, 2016, the group's management agency, SM Entertainment, announced that the new album titled 1 of 1 would be released on October 5, 2016, and introduced a new Instagram account created for the group's activities. It was the group's first domestic studio album in over a year, after the release of Odd on May 18, 2015.


1 of 1 (album), Background and release, 1 of 1
The track listing of the album was released on September 28, 2016, and included nine tracks. Additionally, to align with their '90s theme, the group also released a limited edition of cassette tapes alongside the CD version. Originally, only one thousand copies were produced for sale, but due to high demand more copies were put into production. SM Entertainment printed a limited 50,000 copies of the album in cassette format.


1 of 1 (album), Background and release, 1 of 1
From September 28, 2016 to October 2, 2016, the group released several teasers through their Instagram account. Each member of the group introduced one song of their choice in a segment called "Shinee's Pick - What do you think of this song?" in a promotional radio notice inspired by the '90s along with each photo, which are previews of songs from the new album. On October 1, the group performed two new songs from the album, "Prism" and "Feel Good", at the Spectrum Dance Music Festival.


1 of 1 (album), Background and release, 1 of 1
On October 4, Shinee performed the title track "1 of 1" publicly on stage during their showcase for the album at the SM Town Coex Artium. The music video was revealed during the same event. Onew was unable to participate in the dance sequences due to his injury, but confirmed he was receiving treatment and was almost completely recovered. On October 6, the group began their promotions for the title song "1 of 1" on music shows, starting with Mnet's M! Countdown and followed by SBS' Inkigayo, KBS2's Music Bank and MBC's Show! Music Core. As part of the promotion, the group members also guested on several variety shows including Happy Together 3, Weekly Idol, Knowing Bros and KBS World's Guerilla Date.


1 of 1 (album), Background and release, 1 and 1
On November 15, 2016, Shinee released a repackaged version of their fifth studio album under the title 1 and 1 with five new songs, including the title track "Tell Me What to Do". The album included two CDs, one consisting of only the new songs and its instrumentals and a second one with the songs from 1 of 1.


1 of 1 (album), Concept and composition, 1 of 1
Both the fashion style and the music are inspired by the '90s. The album's concept hails back to "any period from the late 1970s to 1990s," according to member Jonghyun. The co-composer of the title track, Mike Daley, explained the producers tried to balance the retro with a modern feel. The album contains nine tracks including the title song "1 of 1", which is described as a song in the '90s new jack swing genre—a type of hip-hop infused with urban dance-pop. It is composed by Mike Daley, Mitchell Owens, Michael Jiminez, Tay Jasper and MZMC.