Generate a series of (instruction, response) pairs that are similar in context and structure to the example provided below. Each pair should consist of a concise instruction followed by an appropriate, detailed response. The instruction should pose a clear task or question, while the response should provide a comprehensive answer or solution that could be understood by someone with a basic understanding of the subject.

Example pair: 
Instruction: Summarize the key points of this article in a bullet-point list of short sentences.

The Golden State: A Closer Look at Mining in California
California is known as the Golden State for its history of gold production in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the mining industry continues to build on its rich history to this day.

With roughly $4.7 billion worth of non-fuel minerals produced in 2020, the Golden State is one of the largest states for mining and the sole source of rare earth elements in the United States.

The above infographic from KORE Mining highlights how California earned its famous nickname, and how its mining industry continues to shine today, just like its gold.

How the Golden State Found its Name
Back in the late 1770s, during the period of Spanish colonization in California, a group of Spaniards discovered gold in Imperial County, and small-scale mining began. However, it was not until 1848 that gold mining really kicked off.

In 1848, James Marshall—a carpenter and sawmill operator—went down to the American River in Coloma to inspect progress on a sawmill under construction, and saw something that defined the future of California’s economy.

“My eye was caught by something shining in the bottom of the ditch. . . . I reached my hand down and picked it up; it made my heart thump, for I was certain it was gold. . . Then I saw another.”

— James Marshall via Library of Congress.

As word spread, thousands of prospectors and gold-seekers made their way to California in search of their own shiny nuggets in an event now known as the Gold Rush. In fact, the influx of migrants was so large that they came to be known as the “forty-niners”, named after the year they started arriving. By 1855, miners had extracted over 12 million ounces of gold, and the Gold Rush neared its end.

Over a century later, in 1968, “the Golden State” became California’s official nickname for both its prolific gold discoveries and golden poppy fields. By this time, most historical gold mines had ceased operations, but for California’s mining industry, it was just the beginning.

Mining in California Today
Although California is well-known for Hollywood and Silicon Valley, it remains one of the most important states for mining in the country.

As of 2018, there were 739 mines in California producing 23 different commodities, from gold and rare earths to boron and construction minerals. Due to the industry’s size and significance, mining plays an important role in the Golden State’s economy.

In 2020, California’s mining industry generated:

$7.3 billion in labor income
$13.6 billion in GDP
99,120 direct and indirect jobs
Mining companies in California benefit from access to clean energy, infrastructure, and well-established transport networks. Additionally, the Golden State is also known for its high reclamation standards, which ensure that mining sites are returned to their original undisturbed states, reducing the environmental impact of mines.
Response: • Known as the Golden State, California has a rich history of gold production in the 19th and 20th centuries.
• California is one of the largest states for mining, having produced roughly $4.7 billion worth of non-fuel minerals in 2020.
• California's history of discovering gold dates back to the late 1770s when it was a Spanish colony as a group of Spaniards found gold in Imperial County.
• James Marshall, a carpenter and sawmill operator, went down to the American River in Coloma and made a startling discovery in the bottom of a ditch; nuggets of pure gold.
• The California Gold Rush period officially ran from 1849 to 1855, 12 million ounces of gold had been extracted by miners.
• As of 2020, the mining industry in California has generated $7.3 billion in labor income, $13.6 billion in GDP, and 99,120 direct and indirect jobs.

Your task is to generate more pairs that maintain this level of clarity and detail. The topic is Summarization. Write a long text of instruction by yourself, then summarize the given instruction in a response. Ensure that the responses are informative and accurate, suitable for an educational context. 

Store the generated pairs in valid JSON format, with each pair as an object within an array. Each object should have two key-value pairs: "instruction" and "response". For instance: 

{"contents": [{"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, {"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, ...]} 

Remember to maintain consistency in the format and ensure the generated pairs are diverse and cover a broad range of subjects. You must return the response in the asked format and you must not add any additional text in your response.

Explain the main causes and effects of climate change.
user
Climate change is primarily caused by the increased levels of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, causing the Earth’s temperature to rise. Major effects of climate change include rising sea levels, more frequent and severe weather events, loss of biodiversity, and disruptions to agriculture.
assistant