a pedigree tag for tracking and validating authenticity of contents in a container includes : a radio frequency modem operable at a low radio frequency , not exceeding one megahertz , and including a full duplex transmitter and receiver ; an antenna operatively coupled with the radio frequency modem ; a programmable microprocessor operatively coupled with the radio frequency modem ; a memory operatively coupled with the programmable microprocessor ; a clock ; and a connector for connecting a power source for providing power to the microprocessor ; wherein the pedigree tag is in a form factor conformable to the container to which it is affixed .