the disclosure provides apparatus related to arranging objects in images and graphics to convey a machine - readable signal . one claim recites an apparatus including : electronic memory for storing image or graphic data ; and an electronic processor programmed for : integrating a plurality of objects in stored image or graphic data , the objects being arranged in a pattern that is machine - readable , the plurality of objects being integrated in the image or graphic so that the pattern is hidden in the image or graphic through cooperation with design elements of the image or graphic ; and providing a visible structure for aiding in machine - reading of the pattern . of course , other combinations are provided and claimed as well .