a bone cement injector used for treating vertebral compression fractures has diamond - like coatings or amorphous carbon based coatings with a high hardness and a low coefficient of friction on an interior flow channel thereof . such a bone cement injector includes a sensor system for sensing retrograde bone cement flows that can migrate along a fractured path toward a pedicle and risk leakage into the spinal canal . an energy delivery system can be coupled to the injector for applying energy to tissue and / or to bone cement that migrates in a retrograde direction , wherein the energy polymerizes the cement and / or coagulates tissue to inhibit further retrograde cement migration .