the present invention relates generally to an electrical charge storage device with enhanced power characteristics . more particularly , the present invention relates to enhancing the current density , voltage rating , power transfer characteristics , frequency response and charge storage density of various devices , such as capacitors , batteries , fuel cells and other electrical charge storage devices . for example , one aspect of the present invention is solid state and electrolytic capacitors where the conductor surface area is increased with smooth structures , thereby reducing the distance separating the conductors , and improving the effective dielectric characteristics by employing construction techniques on atomic , molecular , and macroscopic levels .