the following detailed description sets forth numerous specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the invention . however , those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details . in other instances , well - known methods , procedures , protocols , components , and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention . the present invention describes an improved method for distributing telephone calls or with reference to fig1 , an automatic call distribution ( acd ) system 10 includes switching circuitry 12 of a private branch exchange ( pbx ) 14 and an adjunct router 16 . the telecommunication system of fig1 permits inbound telephone calls ( transactions ) from customers to agents of a call center , as well as outbound telephone calls from the agents to customers . a number of customer telephones 18 , 20 , 22 and 24 are connected to a public switch 26 that is connected to the pbx 14 by means of a trunk 28 , as is well known in the art . also shown in fig1 are a number of telephones 30 , 32 , 34 and 36 for use by acd agents . the pbx also supports other telephones 38 , 40 , 42 and 44 that are used by persons that are not acd agents , but who are also employed at the calling center that operates the acd system 10 . the non - agent telephones are not critical to the invention . with the exception of the adjunct router 16 , the components of fig1 are contained within conventional telecommunication systems having acd capability . in general terms , acd agents use the agent telephones 30 , 32 , 34 and 36 to receive and / or place telephone calls between a call center that employs the agents and the customer telephones 18 - 24 . for example , a customer may use a home telephone 20 to place a telephone call to the company to order one of the company &# 39 ; s products . the customer dials a general sales telephone number of the company . the public switch 26 routes the inbound telephone call to the pbx 14 . the pbx then routes all inbound calls that are directed to the general sales telephone number to the acd system 10 for rerouting to one of the individuals at the agent telephones . the adjunct router 16 selects the appropriate agent telephone in a manner to be described below . the adjunct router 16 is an dynamically adaptive optimizing system that controls the acd switching circuitry 12 to route inbound calls to selected agents at the telephones 30 - 36 . the selected agent receives the inbound call and processes the transaction . the adjunct router is carried out in a combination of computer hardware and software . the adjunct router may be physically implemented in a stand - alone computer that interfaces with the pbx 14 , or may be physically attached to the pbx . in the preferred embodiment , the router is a separate component in order to facilitate installation and maintenance of the adjunct router , and to provide the ability to readily interface with computer data networks and to support standards - based computer software . however , the inventive method may be carried out within an implementation in which the router is not an adjunct component , but is instead installed within the conventional components of a pbx and acd system . it is also noted that the entire telephony system may be a so - called voice over internet protocol ( voip ) system , allowing the pbx to be implemented in one or more stand alone computers , communicating over computer networks which support internet protocol , optionally with quality of service guarantees . referring now to fig2 , the adjunct router 16 includes a call control interface 46 that establishes the coordination with the switching circuitry 12 of the acd system . the call control interface may be a standard csta interface . a transaction requester 48 , a queue controller 50 , and a transaction dispatcher 52 may be separate routines of a computer program that establishes the router . a skills inventory database 54 may be stored on a hard disk and read into random access memory upon execution of the program . a transaction queue 56 may also be generated in random access memory during the execution of the program . the adjunct router 16 may be used to control inbound or outbound calls or a combination of inbound and outbound calls . for example , if an outbound call is to be routed to a particular customer , the request will be received at the transaction requester 48 via the call control interface 46 . inbound or outbound calls are queued at the transaction queue 56 . the transaction dispatcher 52 is used in the selection of a particular acd agent for handling a queued call . the transaction dispatcher 52 may also select another agent to monitor the call in order to provide assistance and training to the selected agent . as will be explained more fully below , the selection is determined based on a long term optimization algorithm , which balances call needs , agents skills , system preferences , and / or agent training . the skills inventory database 54 stores a profile for each of the agents ( and trainers , who may or may not also be agents ) who utilize the agent telephones 30 - 36 . the queue controller 50 coordinates operations involving transaction requests and transaction dispatches . when a queued call has been matched with a particular agent , the transaction dispatcher 52 causes the call control interface 46 to issue a command to the switching circuitry 12 of the pbx to route the queued call to the appropriate agent telephone corresponding to the selected agent . the transaction dispatcher also causes the queue controller 50 to delete the corresponding entry in the transaction queue 56 . in other words , when a call is routed to an agent , it is removed from the list of call identifications waiting agent assignment . for each acd agent , a profile is created based on manual inputs , such as language proficiency , formal education and training , position , and the like , as well as automatically , based on actual performance metrics and analysis , and stored at the skills inventory database 54 . a profile thus represents a synopsis of the skills and characteristics that an agent possesses , although it may not exist in a human readable or human comprehensible form . preferably , the profile includes a number of vectors representing different attributes , which are preferably independent , but need not be . the profile relates to both the level of ability , i . e . expertise , in each skill vector , as well as the performance of the agent , which may be a distinct criterion , with respect to that skill . in other words , an agent may be quite knowledgeable with respect to a product line , but nevertheless relatively slow to service callers . the profile , or an adjunct database file , may also include a level of preference that call management has for the agent to handle transactions that require particular skills versus transactions that require other skills , or other extrinsic considerations . fig3 shows a flow chard of an incoming call routing algorithm according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention . a call is placed by a caller to a call center 301 . the call is directed , through the public switched telephone network , although , calls or communications may also be received through other channels , such as the internet , private branch exchange , intranet voip , etc . the source address of the call , for example the calling telephone number , ip address , or other identifier , is received to identify the caller 302 . this identifier is then used to call up an associated database record 303 , providing , for example , a prior history of interaction , a user record , or the like . in some instances , there will be no associated record , or in others , the identification may be ambiguous or incorrect . for example , a call from a pbx wherein an unambiguous caller extension is not provided outside the network , a call from a pay phone , or the like . therefore , the identity of the caller is then confirmed using voice or promoted dtmf codes , which may include an account number , transaction identifier , or the like . during the identity confirmation process , the caller is also directed to provide certain details relating to the purpose of the call . for example , the maybe directed to “ press one for sales , two for service , three for technical support , four for returns , and five for other ”. each selected choice , for example , could include a further menu , or an interactive voice response , or an option to record information . the information is then coded as a call characteristic vector 304 . in some instances , a human operator will analyze the information , or directly interact with the caller to determine the nature of the call . thus , a number of methods are available and may be employed to determine a significant amount of information about the caller and the nature of the call . some of these techniques are well known in the art , while others are not generally employed , but the techniques are clearly available to those skilled in the art . each agent has a skill profile vector . this vector is developed based on various efficiency or productivity criteria . for example , in a sales position , productivity may be defined as sales volume or gross profits per call or per call minute , customer loyalty of past customers , or other appropriate metrics . in a service call , efficiency may be defined in terms of minutes per call , customer loyalty after the call , customer satisfaction during the call , successful resolution of the problem , or other metrics . these metrics may be absolute values , or normalized for the agent population , or both . the skill profile vector is stored in a database , and the profiles , which may be updated dynamically , of available or soon to be available agents , are retrieved from the database 305 . the optimization entails various information , which may include the caller characteristics , the call incident characterization , the agent profile ( s ), and / or various routing principles . under some circumstances , it is desired to implement a traditional skill - based call routing . for example , if peak instantaneous efficiency is desired , for example when the call center is near capacity 306 , more advanced optimizations may be bypassed and a traditional skill based call routing algorithm 307 implemented , which optimizes a short term cost - utility function of the call center 308 . an agent who can “ optimally ” handle the call is then selected 309 , and the call routed to that agent 310 . thus , in order to immediately optimize the call routing , the general principle is to route the call such that the sum of the utility functions of the calls be maximized while the cost of handling those calls be minimized . this optimization is generally known . however , this routing is not sensitive to the requirement to train agent , a continuing problem for call centers , which must constantly train agents . according to a particular aspect of the invention , the various routing principles discussed above explicitly value training as a utility of handling a call 311 , and thus a long - term optimization is implemented 312 . the utility of caller satisfaction is also weighted , and thus the agent selected is generally minimally capable of handling the call . thus , while the caller may be somewhat burdened by assignment to a trainee agent , the call center utility is maximized over the long term , and call center agents will generally increase in skill rapidly . as for the cost side of the optimization , the cost of running a call center generally is dependent on required shift staffing , since other costs are generally constant . accordingly , the training algorithm serves to minimize sub - locally optimal call routing during peak load periods , and thus would be expected to have no worse cost performance than traditional call centers . however , as the call center load is reduced , the call routing algorithm routes calls to trainee agents with respect to the call characteristics . this poses two costs . first , since the trainee is less skilled than a fully trained agent , the utility of the call will be reduced . second , call center agent training generally requires a trainer be available to monitor and coach the trainee . while the trainer may be an active call center agent , and therefore part of the fixed overhead , there will be a marginal cost since the trainer agent might be assuming other responsibilities instead of training for example , agents not consumed with inbound call handling may engage in outbound call campaigns . thus , an optimization is performed , using as at least one factor the value of training an agent with respect to that call 312 , and an appropriate trainee agent selected 313 . in order to provide proper training , the trainer and trainee must both be available , and the call routed to both 314 . generally , the trainee has primary responsibility for the call , and the trainer has no direct communication with the caller . therefore , the trainer may join the call after commencement , or leave before closing . however , routing a call which requires two agents to be simultaneously available poses some difficulties . in general , the trainer is an agent capable of handling the entire call alone , while the trainee may not be . therefore , the trainer is a more important participant , and the initial principle in routing the training call is to ensure that a trainer is available . the trainer may then await availability of an appropriate trainee , or if none is imminently available , handle the call himself or herself . on the other hand , where a specific training campaign is in place , and a high utility associated with agent training , then the availability of a specific trainee or class of trainees for a call having defined characteristics is particularly important . in that case , when an appropriate trainee is available , the call held in that agent &# 39 ; s cue , and the call possibly commenced , awaiting a training agent &# 39 ; s availability . if the training is highly structured , it is also possible to assign the trainer and trainee agents in pairs , so that the two are always available for calls together . the same techniques are available for outbound campaigns and / or mixed call centers . in this case , the cost of training is more pronounced , since agents idle for inbound tasks are generally assigned to outbound tasks , and thus the allocation of trainer agents and trainee agents generally results in both longer call duration and double the number of agents assigned per call . this cost may again be balanced by avoiding training during peak utility outbound calling hours and peak inbound calling hours ; however , training opportunities should not be avoided absolutely . as shown in fig4 , an outbound call is cued by , for example , a predictive dialer , in an outbound call center 401 . the callee is identified 402 , and a callee record retrieved 403 . based on available information , call characteristics are predicted 404 . a set of agent profiles are retrieved 405 , for example for the agents which are or will be available for the call . the call center routing algorithm may operate in a number of modes , and a training an skill based routing scheme is employed 411 . the operation of this scheme is to optimize the cost - utility function for long term operation of the call center 412 . this optimization considers the expected incremental cost of the agent 415 , the expected incremental utility of the agent 416 , the expected incremental cost of a trainer , if required for a training exercise 417 , and the expected incremental utility of training the agent 418 . on this basis , an gent is selected 413 , and the call routed to the agent , and to the trainer as well if the call is a training call 414 . thus , it is seen that in the method described with respect to fig3 , a choice is made based on whether the call center is near capacity 306 , while in the method described with respect to fig4 , the choice is made as a part of the optimization 412 . it should be understood that in either scenario , the choice as to whether to engage in a training call may be made discretely or as part of a single optimization . in an outbound call campaign , the anticipated call characteristics may be relatively uniform ; that is , there may be few known unique characteristics of a call , since these campaigns often target a homogenous audience . however , after the call is commenced , there is often a survey or other interaction which allows certain characteristics to be identified . in that case , the call may be maintained by the agent ; transferred to another agent ; if the agent is an appropriate trainee for the call , then an appropriate training agent obtained to shadow the call to provide assistance and training to the primary agent ; or the agent may be an appropriate training agent for the call , and a trainee agent selected to shadow the call or substitute for the trainer . from the above description and drawings , it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the particular embodiments shown and described are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention . those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics . references to details of particular embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims . it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments disclosed above may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention . it should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims . the following references are considered pertinent to the present invention , and each is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety : u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 506 , 898 ; 5 , 511 , 117 ; 5 , 519 , 773 ; 5 , 524 , 147 ; 5 , 590 , 188 ; 5 , 633 , 922 ; 5 , 633 , 924 ; 5 , 715 , 307 ; 5 , 740 , 240 ; 5 , 768 , 360 ; 5 , 825 , 869 ; 5 , 848 , 143 ; 5 , 870 , 464 ; 5 , 878 , 130 ; 5 , 901 , 214 ; 5 , 905 , 792 ; 5 , 907 , 608 ; 5 , 910 , 982 ; 5 , 915 , 011 ; 5 , 917 , 903 ; 5 , 923 , 745 ; 5 , 926 , 539 ; 5 , 933 , 492 ; 5 , 940 , 496 , 5 , 940 , 947 ; 5 , 946 , 387 ; 5 , 953 , 332 ; 5 , 953 , 405 ; 5 , 956 , 397 ; 5 , 960 , 073 ; 5 , 963 , 632 ; 5 , 970 , 134 ; 5 , 978 , 465 ; 5 , 982 , 868 ; 5 , 987 , 116 ; 5 , 987 , 118 ; 5 , 991 , 391 ; 5 , 991 , 392 ; 5 , 991 , 395 ; 5 , 995 , 614 ; 5 , 995 , 615 ; 5 , 999 , 965 ; 6 , 002 , 760 ; 6 , 005 , 931 ; 6 , 044 , 146 ; 6 , 058 , 435 ; 6 , 061 , 347 ; 6 , 064 , 667 ; 6 , 072 , 864 ; 6 , 104 , 801 ; 6 , 115 , 462 ; 6 , 118 , 865 ; 6 , 122 , 358 ; 6 , 122 , 360 ; 6 , 122 , 364 ; 6 , 128 , 380 ; 6 , 134 , 530 ; 6 , 147 , 975 ; 6 , 157 , 655 ; 6 , 175 , 563 ; 6 , 175 , 564 ; 6 , 185 , 292 ; 6 , 223 , 165 ; 6 , 226 , 289 ; 6 , 229 , 888 ; 6 , 230 , 197 ; 6 , 233 , 332 , and u . s . patent application no . 010000458 a1 . u . s . pat . no . 6 , 243 , 684 directory assistance system and method utilizing a speech recognition system and a live operator u . s . pat . no . 6 , 230 , 197 method and apparatus for rules - based storage and retrieval of multimedia interactions within a communication center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 229 , 888 system and method for operating a plurality of call centers u . s . pat . no . 6 , 226 , 360 system and method for delivery of pre - recorded voice phone messages u . s . pat . no . 6 , 226 , 287 system and method for integrating voice on network with traditional telephony u . s . pat . no . 6 , 212 , 178 method and apparatus for selectively presenting media - options to clients of a multimedia call center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 208 , 970 method and system for estimation of a source of a voice signal u . s . pat . no . 6 , 205 , 207 telephone transaction processing as a part of a call transport u . s . pat . no . 6 , 201 , 950 computer - controlled paging and telephone communication system and method u . s . pat . no . 6 , 192 , 413 method and system for process queue communications routing u . s . pat . no . 6 , 192 , 121 telephony server application program interface api u . s . pat . no . 6 , 185 , 283 telephone system providing personalized telephone features u . s . pat . no . 6 , 178 , 240 method and apparatus for entertaining callers in a queue u . s . pat . no . 6 , 173 , 052 blending communications in a call center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 170 , 011 method and apparatus for determining and initiating interaction directionality within a multimedia communication center re37 , 001 interactive call processor to facilitate completion of queued calls u . s . pat . no . 6 , 157 , 711 multiple party telephone control system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 154 , 535 methods and system for obtaining processing information relating to a communication u . s . pat . no . 6 , 154 , 528 system and method for storing and transferring information tokens in a low network communication u . s . pat . no . 6 , 151 , 387 telephonic - interface game control system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 148 , 065 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 144 , 737 trunk interface circuit having function of battery feed to central office u . s . pat . no . 6 , 137 , 870 system for providing caller information to called party via call standard data field u . s . pat . no . 6 , 137 , 862 failover mechanism for computer / telephony integration monitoring server u . s . pat . no . 6 , 134 , 530 rule based routing system and method for a virtual sales and service center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 130 , 937 system and process for automatic storage , enforcement and override of consumer do - not - call requests u . s . pat . no . 6 , 128 , 376 change of equal access carrier notification u . s . pat . no . 6 , 125 , 178 method and apparatus for enabling interaction between callers with calls positioned in a queue u . s . pat . no . 6 , 122 , 484 method and apparatus for processing telephone calls u . s . pat . no . 6 , 122 , 364 internet network call center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 122 , 358 operator connection control method u . s . pat . no . 6 , 115 , 693 quality center and method for a virtual sales and service center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 102 , 970 system and method for optimizing a program containing a number of the flows through flow branches u . s . pat . no . 6 , 098 , 069 data managing method and data managing device using the same for manipulating data independently from networks u . s . pat . no . 6 , 097 , 806 acd with multi - lingual agent position u . s . pat . no . 6 , 084 , 943 diagnostic device for a telephone system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 070 , 142 virtual customer sales and service center and method u . s . pat . no . 6 , 067 , 348 outbound message personalization u . s . pat . no . 6 , 064 , 973 context manager and method for a virtual sales and service center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 064 , 731 arrangement for improving retention of call center &# 39 ; s customers u . s . pat . no . 6 , 064 , 730 customer - self routing call center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 058 , 435 apparatus and methods for responding to multimedia communications based on content analysis u . s . pat . no . 6 , 055 , 307 system and method for selecting agent destinations and monitoring calls made to network customers u . s . pat . no . 6 , 052 , 453 coin operated telephone auditor u . s . pat . no . 6 , 049 , 599 churn amelioration system and method therefor u . s . pat . no . 6 , 044 , 368 method and apparatus for multiple agent commitment tracking and notification u . s . pat . no . 6 , 044 , 149 device for detecting dtmf tones u . s . pat . no . 6 , 044 , 135 telephone - interface lottery system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 041 , 118 architecture for telephone set u . s . pat . no . 6 , 041 , 116 method and apparatus for controlling outbound calls u . s . pat . no . 6 , 035 , 021 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 031 , 899 method and apparatus for identifying type of call u . s . pat . no . 6 , 026 , 156 enhanced call waiting u . s . pat . no . 6 , 026 , 149 method and apparatus for managing telecommunications u . s . pat . no . 6 , 021 , 428 apparatus and method in improving e - mail routing in an internet protocol network telephony call - in - center u . s . pat . no . 6 , 021 , 190 method and apparatus for receiving and processing an incoming call u . s . pat . no . 6 , 021 , 114 method and system for utilizing communications lines u . s . pat . no . 6 , 018 , 579 call center services for local calls using local number portability u . s . pat . no . 6 , 016 , 344 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 014 , 439 method and apparatus for entertaining callers in a queue u . s . pat . no . 6 , 011 , 845 method and system for two - way call holding using an intelligent communication device u . s . pat . no . 6 , 009 , 149 automated calling system with database updating by callee u . s . pat . no . 6 , 005 , 928 method and system for automatic distribution addressing u . s . pat . no . 6 , 005 , 534 digital information system u . s . pat . no . 6 , 002 , 760 intelligent virtual queue u . s . pat . no . 5 , 995 , 948 correspondence and chargeback workstation re36 , 416 method and apparatus for dynamic and interdependent processing of inbound calls and outbound calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 991 , 761 method of reorganizing a data entry database u . s . pat . no . 5 , 991 , 604 ring detecting circuit and method for wireless / wired composite telephone u . s . pat . no . 5 , 991 , 393 method for telephony call blending u . s . pat . no . 5 , 987 , 116 call center integration with operator services databases u . s . pat . no . 5 , 987 , 115 systems and methods for servicing calls by service agents connected via standard telephone lines u . s . pat . no . 5 , 982 , 857 voice recording method and system providing context specific storage and retrieval u . s . pat . no . 5 , 978 , 471 method and device for detecting a ringtrip u . s . pat . no . 5 , 978 , 467 method and apparatus for enabling interaction between callers with calls positioned in a queue u . s . pat . no . 5 , 978 , 465 method and apparatus for allocating resources in a call center u . s . pat . no . 5 , 974 , 135 teleservices computer system , method , and manager application for integrated presentation of concurrent interactions with multiple terminal emulation sessions u . s . pat . no . 5 , 974 , 120 telephone interface call processing system with call selectivity u . s . pat . no . 5 , 970 , 132 call distributor u . s . pat . no . 5 , 966 , 429 telephone transaction processing as a part of a call transport u . s . pat . no . 5 , 963 , 635 method and apparatus for providing result - oriented customer service u . s . pat . no . 5 , 956 , 392 private branch exchange apparatus u . s . pat . no . 5 , 949 , 863 coin operated telephone auditor u . s . pat . no . 5 , 949 , 854 voice response service apparatus u . s . pat . no . 5 , 949 , 852 method for recording messages for absent parties u . s . pat . no . 5 , 946 , 394 isolation amplifier with hook switch control u . s . pat . no . 5 , 946 , 388 method and apparatus for priority queuing of telephone calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 943 , 403 customized , billing - controlled call bridging system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 940 , 813 process facility management matrix and system and method for performing batch , processing in an on - line environment u . s . pat . no . 5 , 940 , 497 statistically - predictive and agent - predictive call routing u . s . pat . no . 5 , 940 , 493 system and method for providing directory assistance information u . s . pat . no . 5 , 937 , 390 on - line advertising system and its method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 937 , 055 method and apparatus for routing telephone calls between alternate telephone service providers u . s . pat . no . 5 , 933 , 480 method for billing and controlling fraud in providing pay information services u . s . pat . no . 5 , 930 , 339 leaving a message on a held connection u . s . pat . no . 5 , 926 , 528 call pacing method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 924 , 016 control and monitoring apparatus and method for a telephone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 923 , 746 call recording system and method for use with a telephonic switch u . s . pat . no . 5 , 918 , 213 system and method for automated remote previewing and purchasing of music , video , software , and other multimedia products u . s . pat . no . 5 , 917 , 893 multiple format telephonic interface control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 914 , 951 system and method for controlling and monitoring communication between customers and customer service representatives u . s . pat . no . 5 , 913 , 195 system and method for developing vru voice dialogue u . s . pat . no . 5 , 912 , 947 public notification system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 907 , 601 call pacing method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 905 , 979 abstract manager system and method for managing an abstract database u . s . pat . no . 5 , 903 , 641 automatic dynamic changing of agents &# 39 ; call - handling assignments u . s . pat . no . 5 , 901 , 209 caller id substitution for selected telephone callers u . s . pat . no . 5 , 898 , 762 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 898 , 759 telephone answering machine with on - line switch function u . s . pat . no . 5 , 896 , 446 coin operated telephone auditor u . s . pat . no . 5 , 894 , 505 telephone answering machine u . s . pat . no . 5 , 893 , 902 voice recognition bill payment system with speaker verification and confirmation u . s . pat . no . 5 , 878 , 126 method for routing a call to a destination based on range identifiers for geographic area assignments u . s . pat . no . 5 , 872 , 833 telephone transaction processing as a part of a call transport u . s . pat . no . 5 , 867 , 572 customer queuing arrangement u . s . pat . no . 5 , 867 , 564 time - of - day clock synchronization in communications networks u . s . pat . no . 5 , 867 , 559 real - time , on - line , call verification system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 857 , 013 method for automatically returning voice mail messages u . s . pat . no . 5 , 854 , 832 monitoring system and method used in automatic call distributor for timing incoming telephone calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 850 , 428 message management system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 848 , 143 communications system using a central controller to control at least one network and agent system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 841 , 852 method and system for telecommunications language support u . s . pat . no . 5 , 838 , 779 adjunct controller for a telephone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 838 , 772 voice services equipment u . s . pat . no . 5 , 835 , 572 customized , billing controlled call bridging system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 828 , 734 telephone interface call processing system with call selectivity u . s . pat . no . 5 , 828 , 731 method and apparatus for non - offensive termination of an outbound call and for detection of an answer of an outbound call by an answering machine u . s . pat . no . 5 , 825 , 869 call management method and system for skill - based routing u . s . pat . no . 5 , 822 , 410 churn amelioration system and method therefor u . s . pat . no . 5 , 822 , 401 statistical diagnosis in interactive voice response telephone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 822 , 400 call record scheduling system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 815 , 566 apparatus and method for dynamic inbound / outbound call management and for scheduling appointments u . s . pat . no . 5 , 815 , 554 method and system for indicating operator availability u . s . pat . no . 5 , 815 , 551 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 812 , 642 audience response monitor and analysis system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 806 , 071 process and system for configuring information for presentation at an interactive electronic device u . s . pat . no . 5 , 799 , 077 method of and apparatus for automatic dialing u . s . pat . no . 5 , 796 , 816 device and method for cleaning telephone number list u . s . pat . no . 5 , 796 , 791 network based predictive dialing u . s . pat . no . 5 , 793 , 846 telephonic - interface game control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 787 , 159 use of caller id information u . s . pat . no . 5 , 787 , 156 telephonic - interface lottery system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 774 , 537 method and apparatus for displaying multiple languages in key phone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 768 , 355 three - way call detection system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 761 , 285 universal telephony application client that is configurable from a profile for a telephone call campaign u . s . pat . no . 5 , 748 , 711 telephone transaction processing as a part of call transport u . s . pat . no . 5 , 742 , 675 method and apparatus for automatically distributing calls to available logged - in call handling agents u . s . pat . no . 5 , 740 , 233 system and method for statistical diagnosis of the operation of an automated telephone system re35 , 758 voice / data - formatted telephone information storage and retrieval system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 729 , 600 automatic call distributor with automated voice responsive call servicing system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 727 , 154 program synchronization on first and second computers by determining whether information transmitted by first computer is an acceptable or unacceptable input to second computer program u . s . pat . no . 5 , 724 , 418 call distributor u . s . pat . no . 5 , 717 , 741 method for handling telephonic messages u . s . pat . no . 5 , 703 , 935 automated telephone operator services u . s . pat . no . 5 , 701 , 295 variable communication bandwidth for providing automatic call back and call hold u . s . pat . no . 5 , 699 , 418 telephone circuit u . s . pat . no . 5 , 696 , 818 delay announcement group and time controller for a telephone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 696 , 809 advanced intelligent network based computer architecture for concurrent delivery of voice and text data using failure management system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 692 , 034 customized , billing - controlled call bridging system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 692 , 033 ain queuing for call - back system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 687 , 225 system for adding outbound dialing to inbound call distributors u . s . pat . no . 5 , 684 , 863 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 675 , 637 method for automatically obtaining and presenting data from multiple data sources u . s . pat . no . 5 , 661 , 283 automated patching between atm and consultant u . s . pat . no . 5 , 657 , 074 apparatus for reproducing still images with music u . s . pat . no . 5 , 655 , 014 switching device independent computer - telephone integration system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 655 , 013 computer - based method and apparatus for controlling , monitoring , recording and reporting telephone access u . s . pat . no . 5 , 652 , 788 key telephone apparatus u . s . pat . no . 5 , 646 , 988 incoming call controller for preferentially connecting a waiting call based on number of previous unsuccessful call attempts u . s . pat . no . 5 , 646 , 986 network communication system with global event calendar information and trunk allocation u . s . pat . no . 5 , 638 , 436 voice detection u . s . pat . no . 5 , 636 , 268 communication system with queues u . s . pat . no . 5 , 636 , 267 cleaning system for telephone number list u . s . pat . no . 5 , 633 , 917 remote - control telephone answering system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 625 , 682 help desk improvement u . s . pat . no . 5 , 625 , 676 method and apparatus for monitoring a caller &# 39 ; s name while using a telephone u . s . pat . no . 5 , 619 , 557 telephone switching system and method for controlling incoming telephone calls to remote agents and for collecting and providing call data u . s . pat . no . 5 , 610 , 978 ring discriminator u . s . pat . no . 5 , 610 , 774 audio sound recording / reproducing apparatus using semiconductor memory u . s . pat . no . 5 , 600 , 710 method for providing a recorded message to a telephone caller when called number is busy u . s . pat . no . 5 , 594 , 791 method and apparatus for providing result - oriented customer service u . s . pat . no . 5 , 594 , 790 method for selecting and controlling the automatic dialing of a call record campaign u . s . pat . no . 5 , 592 , 543 method and system for allocating agent resources to a telephone call campaign u . s . pat . no . 5 , 590 , 171 method and apparatus for communications monitoring u . s . pat . no . 5 , 588 , 049 method for the automatic insertion of removal of a calling number identification ( cnid ) blocking prefix from within a telephone number in a personal computer based telephone management system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 586 , 179 system and method for adding and integrating outbound calling and overall system control to an existing inbound telephone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 581 , 607 customized , billing - controlled call bridging system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 581 , 604 method and apparatus for processing an incoming call in a communication system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 581 , 602 non - offensive termination of a call detection of an answering machine u . s . pat . no . 5 , 579 , 383 calling terminal controlled call coverage u . s . pat . no . 5 , 579 , 377 remote - control telephone answering system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 577 , 112 telephony system with supervisory management center and parameter testing with alerts u . s . pat . no . 5 , 574 , 784 dynamic admission control for telecommunications relay service with text - to - speech synthesis u . s . pat . no . 5 , 572 , 586 communication control apparatus and method and communication exchange apparatus and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 572 , 576 telephone answering device linking displayed data with recorded audio message u . s . pat . no . 5 , 570 , 419 system and method for an improved predictive dialer u . s . pat . no . 5 , 568 , 540 method and apparatus for selecting and playing a voice mail message u . s . pat . no . 5 , 561 , 711 predictive calling scheduling system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 559 , 878 telephonic communications answering and callback processing system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 559 , 867 automated calling system with database updating u . s . pat . no . 5 , 557 , 668 call distribution system with distributed control of calls and data distribution u . s . pat . no . 5 , 555 , 295 service and information management system for a telecommunications network u . s . pat . no . 5 , 555 , 290 long distance telephone switching system with enhanced subscriber services u . s . pat . no . 5 , 546 , 456 telecommunication system with inbound call responsive predictive outdialing system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 546 , 452 communications system using a central controller to control at least one network and agent system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 544 , 232 call distributor with automatic preannouncement system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 544 , 220 system for integrating a stand alone inbound automatic call distributor and an outbound automatic call dialer u . s . pat . no . 5 , 537 , 470 method and apparatus for handling in - bound telemarketing calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 535 , 257 method and apparatus for managing telephone calls in a selective call radio system controller u . s . pat . no . 5 , 533 , 109 telecommunication system with user modifiable pbx terminating call feature controller and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 533 , 107 method for routing calls based on predetermined assignments of callers geographic locations u . s . pat . no . 5 , 533 , 103 calling system and method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 530 , 931 method and apparatus for providing a look ahead feature for enhanced call forwarding in a telecommunications system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 528 , 666 personal phone expansion system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 526 , 417 automatic call distributor with automated postconversation message system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 524 , 140 telephone answering device linking displayed data with recorded audio message u . s . pat . no . 5 , 519 , 773 call sharing for inbound and outbound call center agents u . s . pat . no . 5 , 517 , 566 method for allocating agent resources to multiple telephone call campaigns u . s . pat . no . 5 , 515 , 421 automatic batch broadcast system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 511 , 112 automated voice system for improving agent efficiency and improving service to parties on hold u . s . pat . no . 5 , 506 , 898 expected wait - time indication arrangement u . s . pat . no . 5 , 502 , 762 system and method for simultaneously controlling ringing at local and remote telephones u . s . pat . no . 5 , 495 , 528 digital telephone control interface system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 495 , 523 method for low priority telephony system assisted dialing u . s . pat . no . 5 , 493 , 690 foldable portable telephone set u . s . pat . no . 5 , 485 , 506 method for designating recorded messages u . s . pat . no . 5 , 481 , 596 auxiliary baseband telephone interface for an answering machine u . s . pat . no . 5 , 479 , 501 far - end disconnect detector for telephony systems u . s . pat . no . 5 , 479 , 487 calling center employing unified control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 467 , 391 integrated intelligent call blending u . s . pat . no . 5 , 465 , 286 apparatus for supervising an automatic call distribution telephone system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 459 , 781 selectively activated dual tone multi - frequency detector u . s . pat . no . 5 , 448 , 631 apparatus for handling features in a telephone network u . s . pat . no . 5 , 448 , 624 telephone network performance monitoring method and system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 442 , 693 integrated operator console u . s . pat . no . 5 , 436 , 967 held party call - back arrangement u . s . pat . no . 5 , 434 , 906 method and apparatus for processing an incoming call in a communication system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 432 , 835 telephone device for amplifying opposite party &# 39 ; s voice after user &# 39 ; s telephone is placed on - hook u . s . pat . no . 5 , 430 , 792 automated telephone calling system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 425 , 093 system for integrating a stand alone inbound automatic call distributor and a outbound automatic call dialer u . s . pat . no . 5 , 420 , 919 telephone line current modulator u . s . pat . no . 5 , 420 , 852 digital switching system connecting buses with incompatible protocols and telephone answering system and private automatic branch exchange with integrated voice and textual message recording u . s . pat . no . 5 , 402 , 474 system , data processing method and program to provide a programmable interface between a workstation and an archive server to automatically store telephone transaction information u . s . pat . no . 5 , 400 , 393 voice mail digital telephone answering device u . s . pat . no . 5 , 390 , 236 telephone answering device linking displayed data with recorded audio message u . s . pat . no . 5 , 381 , 470 supervisory management center with parameter testing and alerts u . s . pat . no . 5 , 365 , 575 telephonic - interface lottery system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 359 , 645 voice - data telephonic interface control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 351 , 285 multiple format telephonic interface control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 341 , 414 calling number verification service u . s . pat . no . 5 , 341 , 412 apparatus and a method for predictive call dialing u . s . pat . no . 5 , 333 , 190 telephone ring detection method and apparatus u . s . pat . no . 5 , 329 , 579 modular adjunct processor made of identical multi - function modules adaptable under direction of one of them to perform any of the adjunct - processor functions u . s . pat . no . 5 , 327 , 490 system and method for controlling call placement rate for telephone communication systems u . s . pat . no . 5 , 321 , 745 adaptive efficient single / dual tone decoder apparatus and method for identifying call - progression signals u . s . pat . no . 5 , 319 , 703 apparatus and method for identifying speech and call - progression signals u . s . pat . no . 5 , 313 , 516 telephone answering device with automatic function u . s . pat . no . 5 , 311 , 577 data processing system , method and program for constructing host access tables for integration of telephony data with data processing systems u . s . pat . no . 5 , 311 , 574 automatic customer call back for automatic call distribution systems u . s . pat . no . 5 , 309 , 505 automated voice system for improving agent efficiency and improving service to parties on hold u . s . pat . no . 5 , 309 , 504 automated identification of attendant positions in a telecommunication system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 297 , 195 method and apparatus for automatic telephone scheduling system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 297 , 146 communication terminal apparatus and its control method u . s . pat . no . 5 , 289 , 530 method and apparatus for vocally communicating to a caller at a remote telephone station synthesized speech of stored special service information u . s . pat . no . 5 , 283 , 818 telephone answering device linking displayed data with recorded audio message u . s . pat . no . 5 , 276 , 732 remote workstation use with database retrieval system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 253 , 289 terminal connection device u . s . pat . no . 5 , 251 , 252 telephone interface call processing system with call selectivity u . s . pat . no . 5 , 239 , 574 methods and apparatus for detecting voice information in telephone - type signals u . s . pat . no . 5 , 224 , 153 voice - data telephonic interface control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 218 , 635 low - frequency alternating current signal detector , in particular for central office line interface circuits u . s . pat . no . 5 , 214 , 688 method and apparatus for dynamic and interdependent processing of inbound calls and outbound calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 185 , 786 automatic call center overflow retrieval system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 168 , 517 apparatus and methods for selectively forwarding telephone calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 166 , 974 interactive call processor to facilitate completion of queued calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 164 , 981 voice response system with automated data transfer u . s . pat . no . 5 , 163 , 087 delivery of customer data base key using automatic number identification u . s . pat . no . 5 , 163 , 083 automation of telephone operator assistance calls u . s . pat . no . 5 , 161 , 181 automatic number identification blocking system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 128 , 984 telephone interface call processing system with call selectivity u . s . pat . no . 5 , 121 , 422 voice message storage device including at least two analog recording mediums u . s . pat . no . 5 , 103 , 449 pbx transparent ani and dnis using vru u . s . pat . no . 5 , 097 , 528 system for integrating telephony data with data processing systems u . s . pat . no . 5 , 081 , 711 computer peripheral device control and communication system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 077 , 789 remotely commanded telephone switch enhancing system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 073 , 929 voice - data telephonic control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 070 , 526 signal analyzing system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 070 , 525 method for avoiding call blocking u . s . pat . no . 5 , 063 , 522 multi - user , artificial intelligent expert system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 048 , 075 telephonic - interface statistical analysis system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 040 , 208 coordinated voice and data display having temporary storage of transaction data u . s . pat . no . 5 , 020 , 097 telephone with data setting by remote control u . s . pat . no . 5 , 020 , 095 interactive call distribution processor u . s . pat . no . 5 , 016 , 270 expanded telephone data organization system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 014 , 298 voice - data telephonic control system u . s . pat . no . 5 , 007 , 078 automated order entry recording method and apparatus u . s . pat . no . 5 , 007 , 000 classification of audio signals on a telephone line u . s . pat . no . 4 , 998 , 272 personal voice mail system u . s . pat . no . 4 , 987 , 587 method and apparatus for providing 800 number service u . s . pat . no . 4 , 979 , 171 announcement and tone code generator for telephonic network and method u . s . pat . no . 4 , 975 , 841 method and apparatus for reporting customer data u . s . pat . no . 4 , 958 , 371 method and apparatus for determining when a telephone handset is off - hook u . s . pat . no . 4 , 941 , 168 system for the recognition of automated telephone answering devices and delivery of prerecorded messages to such devices u . s . pat . no . 4 , 935 , 956 automated public phone control for charge and collect billing u . s . pat . no . 4 , 933 , 964 pacing of telephone calls for call origination management systems u . s . pat . no . 4 , 930 , 150 telephonic interface control system u . s . pat . no . 4 , 924 , 501 dial pulse selection u . s . pat . no . 4 , 894 , 857 method and apparatus for customer account servicing u . s . pat . no . 4 , 878 , 243 call forwarding system and method u . s . pat . no . 4 , 866 , 754 automatic telephone answering machine utilizing voice synthesis u . s . pat . no . 4 , 852 , 149 automated call filter u . s . pat . no . 4 , 807 , 279 remotely programmable call forwarding control device u . s . pat . no . 4 , 797 , 911 customer account online servicing system u . s . pat . no . 4 , 768 , 221 remote reprogramming system for telephone call forwarding service u . s . pat . no . 4 , 677 , 663 telephone answering and call forwarding improvement u . s . pat . no . 4 , 286 , 118 data distribution system for private automatic branch exchange