currently , a process for making a bio - based resin requires a first bioreactor where a bio - based organic diol is obtained by reacting , for example , a bio - based organic acid , such as , a rosin acid , with a bis - organo - epoxide material to result with an organic diol such as a bis -( epoxy - propyl )- neopentylene glycol to result in a bio - based organic diol . the rosin diol above is a suitable reagent for a polyester toner because of the hydrophobicity of the resulting resin . in another reactor , a polyester is obtained by reacting , for example , an acid or an ester , such as , for example , terephthalic acid or a terephthalate , such as , bis - 1 , 2 - hydroxypropyl - terephthalate , with a polyol in a transesterification reaction . for example , dimethyl terephthalate can be reacted with , for example , propanediol . generally , in such reactions , an excess of polyol is used , for example , about 2 . 5 equivalents 1 , 2 - propanediol are used as reactant , wherein an about 0 . 5 equivalents of excess 1 , 2 - propanediol are used . in a third reactor , another polyester reactant is produced , for example , a polyacid can be reacted with a polyol as described above to provide another reagent for the resulting polyester . thus , a polyacid , such as , fumaric acid , succinic acid , and so on can be reacted with a polyol , again , in polyol excess to provide a diester reagent . the three components are then combined in different proportions in a fourth reactor to make a polyester resin , such as , one comprising a terephthalate or a terephthalic acid , a rosin acid and a succinic acid as original reagents , producing a bio - based polyester resin . the process disclosed herein enables a particular bio - based resin to be produced in a simplified 1 - pot procedure , accomplished by , using the example above , first making the rosin - diol , followed by adding the other monomers , such as , dimethyl terephthalate or terephthalic acid , 1 , 2 - propanediol and succinic acid to make the polyester resin . furthermore , the 0 . 5 equivalent of excess 1 , 2 - propanediol is avoided because the ratio of diol to diacid is maintained in the 1 - pot process . the thermal properties of the resulting one - pot resin are the same as that of polyester produced by the four reactor mechanism . unless otherwise indicated , all numbers expressing quantities and conditions , and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term , “ about .” “ about ,” is meant to indicate a variation of no more than 10 % from the stated value . also used herein is the term , “ equivalent ,” “ similar ,” “ essentially ,” “ substantially ,” “ approximating ” and “ matching ,” or grammatical variations thereof , have generally acceptable definitions or at the least , are understood to have the same meaning as , “ about .” as used herein , a polymer is defined by the monomer ( s ) from which the polymer is made . thus , for example , while in a polymer a terephthalic acid per se does not exist , as used herein , that polymer is said to comprise a terephthalic acid . thus , a biopolymer made by the one - pot process disclosed herein can comprise terephthalate / terephthalic acid ; succinic acid ; and dehydroabietic acid . that bio - polymer also can be said to comprise 1 , 2 - propanediol as that diol is used with the terephthalate / terephthalic acid and succinic acid . as used herein , “ bio - based ,” or use of the prefix , “ bio ,” refers to a reagent or to a product that is composed , in whole or in part , of a biological product , including plant , animal and marine materials , or derivatives thereof . generally , a bio - based or biomaterial is biodegradable , that is , substantially or completely biodegradable , by substantially is meant greater than 50 %, greater than 60 %, greater than 70 % or more of the material is degraded from the original molecule to another form by a biological or environmental mechanism , such as , action thereon by bacteria , animals , plants , light , temperature , oxygen and so on in a matter of days , matter of weeks , a year or more , but generally no longer than two years . a , “ bio - resin ,” is a resin , such as , a polyester , which contains or is composed of a bio - based material in whole or in part . as used herein , a “ rosin ,” or , “ rosin product ,” is intended to encompass a rosin , a rosin acid , a rosin ester and so on , as well as a rosin derivative which is a rosin that is treated , for example , disproportionated or hydrogenated . as known in the art , rosin is a blend of at least eight monocarboxylic acids . abietic acid can be a primary species , and the other seven acids are isomers thereof . because of the composition of a rosin , often the synonym , “ rosin acid ,” is used to describe various rosin - derived products . as known , rosin is not a polymer but essentially a varying blend of the eight species of carboxylic acids . a rosin product includes , as known in the art , chemically modified rosin , such as , partially or fully hydrogenated rosin acids , partially or fully dimerized rosin acids , esterified rosin acids , functionalized rosin acids , disproportionated or combinations thereof . rosin is available commercially in a number of forms , for example , as a rosin acid , as a rosin ester and so on . for example , rosin acids , rosin ester and dimerized rosin are available from eastman chemicals under the product lines , poly - pale ™, dymerex ™, staybelite - e ™, foral ™ ax - e , lewisol ™ and pentalyn ™; arizona chemicals under the product lines , sylvalite ™ and sylvatac ™; and arakawa - usa under the product lines , pensel and hypal . disproportionated rosins are available commercially , for example , kr - 614 and rondis ™ available from arakawa - usa , and hydrogenated rosin is available commercially , for example , foral ax ™ available from pinova chemicals . a rosin acid can be reacted with an organic bis - epoxide , which during a ring - opening reaction of the epoxy group , combines at the carboxylic acid group of a rosin acid to form a joined molecule , a bis - rosin ester . such a reaction is known in the art and is compatible with the one - pot reaction conditions disclosed herein for producing a bioresin . a catalyst can be included in the reaction mixture to form the rosin ester . suitable catalysts include tetra - alkyl ammonium halides , such as , tetraethyl ammonium bromide , tetraethyl ammonium iodide , tetraethyl ammonium chloride , tetra - alkyl phosphonium halides and so on . the reaction can be conducted under anaerobic conditions , for example , under a nitrogen atmosphere . the reaction can be conducted at an elevated temperature , such as , from about 100 ° c . to about 200 ° c ., from about 105 ° c . to about 175 ° c ., from about 110 ° c . to about 170 ° c . and so on , although temperatures outside of those ranges can be used as a design choice . the progress of this reaction can be monitored by evaluating the acid value of the reaction product , and when all or most of the rosin acid has reacted the overall acid value of the product is less than about 4 meq of koh / g , less than about 1 meq of koh / g , about 0 meq of koh / g . the acid value of a resin can be manipulated by adding an excess of bis - epoxide monomer . the aforementioned rosin - diol is then reacted with terephthalic acid ( or dimethyl terephthalate ), and succinic acid and an excess of excess 1 , 2 - propane - diol to form the bio - based polyester resin by polycondensation process with removal of the water ( and / or methanol ) byproduct and some of the excess 1 , 2 - propanediol . furthermore , at the end of the polycondensation step , suitable acids include biopolycarboxylic acids , such as , organic acids , such as , fumaric acid , succinic acid , oxalic acid , malonic acid , glutaric acid , adipic acid , suberic acid , azelaic acid , maleic acid can be added to control the acid value of the bio - based resin such that an acid value of from about 8 to about 16 meq of koh / g is obtained . the toner particle can include other optional reagents , such as , a surfactant , a wax , a shell and so on . the toner composition optionally can comprise inert particles , which can serve as toner particle carriers , which can comprise the resin taught herein . toner particles of the instant disclosure include an optional one or more colorants of a toner , other optional reagents , such as , a wax , for use in certain imaging devices . the bio - polyester of interest is used alone or in combination with one or more other known resins such as , a crystalline resin , used in toner . for example , a toner can comprise two forms of amorphous polyester resins , one of which is a biopolymer of interest , and a crystalline resin in relative amounts as a design choice . the biopolymer may be present in an amount of from about 25 to about 85 % by weight , from about 55 to about 80 % by weight of toner particles on a solid basis . suitable polyester resins include , for example , those which are crystalline and amorphous , combinations thereof and the like . the polyester resins may be linear , branched , crosslinked , combinations thereof and the like . when a mixture is used , such as , amorphous and crystalline polyester resins , the ratio of crystalline polyester resin to amorphous polyester resin can be in the range from about 1 : 99 to about 30 : 70 ; from about 5 : 95 to about 25 : 75 . a polyester resin may be obtained synthetically , for example , in an esterification reaction involving a reagent comprising a carboxylic acid or ester group and another reagent comprising an alcohol . the alcohol reagent can comprise two or more hydroxyl groups , three or more hydroxyl groups . the acid can comprise two or more carboxylic acid or ester groups , three or more carboxylic acid or ester groups . reagents comprising three or more functional groups enable , promote or enable and promote polymer branching and crosslinking . a polymer backbone or a polymer branch can comprise at least one monomer unit comprising at least one pendant group or side group , that is , the monomer reactant from which the unit was obtained can comprise at least three functional groups . examples of polyacids or polyesters , which may be a bio - acid or a bio - ester , that can be used for preparing an amorphous polyester resin include rosin acid , terephthalic acid , phthalic acid , isophthalic acid , fumaric acid , trimellitic acid , diethyl fumarate , dimethyl itaconate , cis - 1 , 4 - diacetoxy - 2 - butene , dimethyl fumarate , diethyl maleate , maleic acid , succinic acid , itaconic acid , succinic acid , cyclohexanoic acid , succinic anhydride , dodecylsuccinic acid , dodecylsuccinic anhydride , glutaric acid , glutaric anhydride , adipic acid , pimelic acid , suberic acid , azelaic acid , dodecanedioic acid , dimethyl naphthalenedicarboxylate , dimethyl terephthalate , diethyl terephthalate , dimethylisophthalate , diethylisophthalate , dimethylphthalate , phthalic anhydride , diethylphthalate , dimethylsuccinate , naphthalene dicarboxylic acid , dimer diacid , dimethylfumarate , dimethylmaleate , dimethylglutarate , dimethyladipate , dimethyl dodecylsuccinate and combinations thereof . the polyacid or polyester reagent may be present , for example , in an amount from about 40 to about 60 mole % of the resin , from about 42 to about 52 mole % of the resin , from about 45 to about 50 mole % of the resin , irrespective of the number of species of acid or ester monomers used . examples of polyols which may be used in generating an amorphous polyester resin include 1 , 2 - propanediol , 1 , 3 - propanediol , 1 , 2 - butanediol , 1 , 3 - butanediol , 1 , 4 - butanediol , pentanediol , hexanediol , 2 , 2 - dimethylpropanediol , 2 , 2 , 3 - trimethylhexanediol , dodecanediol , 1 , 4 - cyclohexanedimethanol , 1 , 3 - cyclohexanedimethanol , heptanediol , xylenedimethanol , cyclohexanediol , diethylene glycol , bis ( 2 - hydroxyethyl ) oxide , dipropylene glycol , dibutylene glycol and combinations thereof . the amount of polyol can vary , and may be present , for example , in an amount from about 40 to about 60 mole % of the resin , from about 42 to about 55 mole %, from about 45 to about 53 mole % of the resin , and a second polyol , can be used in an amount from about 0 . 1 to about 10 mole %, from about 1 to about 4 mole % of the resin . for forming a crystalline polyester resin , suitable polyols include aliphatic polyols with from about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms , such as 1 , 2 - ethanediol , 1 , 3 - propanediol , 1 , 4 - butanediol , 1 , 5 - pentanediol , 2 , 2 - dimethylpropane - 1 , 3 - diol , 1 , 6 - hexanediol , 1 , 7 - heptanediol , 1 , 8 - octanediol , 1 , 9 - nonanediol , 1 , 10 - decanediol , 1 , 12 - dodecanediol and the like ; alkali sulfo - aliphatic diols such as sodio 2 - sulfo - 1 , 2 - ethanediol , lithio 2 - sulfo - 1 , 2 - ethanediol , potassio 2 - sulfo - 1 , 2 - ethanediol , sodio 2 - sulfo - 1 , 3 - propanediol , lithio 2 - sulfo - 1 , 3 - propanediol , potassio 2 - sulfo - 1 , 3 - propanediol , mixture thereof and the like , including their structural isomers . the polyol may be selected in an amount from about 40 to about 60 mole %, from about 42 to about 55 mole %, from about 45 to about 53 mole %, and a second polyol , can be used in an amount from about 0 . 1 to about 10 mole %, from about 1 to about 4 mole % of the resin . examples of polyacid or polyester reagents for preparing a crystalline resin include a rosin acid , oxalic acid , succinic acid , glutaric acid , adipic acid , suberic acid , azelaic acid , sebacic acid , fumaric acid , dimethyl fumarate , dimethyl itaconate , cis , 1 , 4 - diacetoxy - 2 - butene , diethyl fumarate , diethyl maleate , phthalic acid , isophthalic acid , terephthalic acid , naphthalene - 2 , 6 - dicarboxylic acid , naphthalene - 2 , 7 - dicarboxylic acid , cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid ( sometimes referred to herein as cyclohexanedioic acid ), malonic acid and mesaconic acid , a polyester or anhydride thereof . the polyacid may be selected in an amount of from about 40 to about 60 mole %, from about 42 to about 52 mole %, from about 45 to about 50 mole % of the resin , and optionally , a second polyacid can be selected in an amount from about 0 . 1 to about 10 mole % of the resin . specific crystalline resins that can be used include poly ( ethylene - adipate ), poly ( propylene - adipate ), poly ( butylene - adipate ), poly ( pentylene - adipate ), poly ( hexylene - adipate ), poly ( octylene - adipate ), poly ( ethylene - succinate ), poly ( propylene - succinate ), poly ( butylene - succinate ), poly ( pentylene - succinate ), poly ( hexylene - succinate ), poly ( octylene - succinate ), poly ( ethylene - sebacate ), poly ( propylene - sebacate ), poly ( butylene - sebacate ), poly ( pentylene - sebacate ), poly ( hexylene - sebacate ), poly ( octylene - sebacate ), poly ( decylene - sebacate ), poly ( decylene - decanoate ), poly ( ethylene - decanoate ), poly ( ethylene dodecanoate ), poly ( nonylene - sebacate ), poly ( nonylene - decanoate ), copoly ( ethylene - fumarate )- copoly ( ethylene - sebacate ), copoly ( ethylene - fumarate )- copoly ( ethylene - decanoate ), copoly ( ethylene - fumarate )- copoly ( ethylene - dodecanoate ), copoly ( 2 , 2 - dimethylpropane - 1 , 3 - diol - decanoate )- copoly ( ethylene - adipate ), alkali copoly ( 5 - sulfoisophthaloyl )- copoly ( propylene - adipate ) and so on . suitable crystalline resins include those disclosed in u . s . pub . no . 2006 / 0222991 , the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in entirety . a suitable crystalline resin may include a resin formed of nonanediol and dodecanedioic acid comonomers . the crystalline resin may be present , for example , in an amount from about 1 to about 85 %, from about 2 to about 50 %, from about 5 to about 15 % by weight of the toner components . the crystalline resin can possess a melting points of from about 30 ° c . to about 120 ° c ., from about 50 ° c . to about 90 ° c ., from about 60 ° c . to about 80 ° c . the crystalline resin may have a number average molecular weight ( m n ), as measured by gel permeation chromatography ( gpc ) of from about 1 , 000 to about 50 , 000 , from about 2 , 000 to about 25 , 000 , and a weight average molecular weight ( m w ) of , for example , from about 2 , 000 to about 100 , 000 , from about 3 , 000 to about 80 , 000 , as determined by gpc . the molecular weight distribution ( m w / m n ) of the crystalline resin may be , for example , from about 2 to about 6 , from about 3 to about 4 . condensation catalysts may be used in the polyester reaction and include tetraalkyl titanates ; dialkyltin oxides ; tetraalkyltins ; dibutyltin diacetate ; dibutyltin oxide ; dialkyltin oxide hydroxides ; aluminum alkoxides , alkyl zinc , dialkyl zinc , zinc oxide , stannous oxide , stannous chloride , butylstannoic acid or combinations thereof . such catalysts may be used in amounts of from about 0 . 01 mole % to about 5 mole % based on the amount of starting polyacid , polyol or polyester reagent in the reaction mixture . branching agents can be used , and include , for example , a multivalent polyacid , such as , 1 , 2 , 4 - benzene - tricarboxylic acid , 1 , 2 , 4 - cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid , 2 , 5 , 7 - naphthalenetricarboxylic acid , 1 , 2 , 4 - naphthalenetricarboxylic acid , 1 , 2 , 5 - hexanetricarboxylic acid , 1 , 3 - dicarboxyl - 2 - methyl - 2 - methylene - carboxylpropane , tetra ( methylene - carboxyl ) methane , 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 - octanetetracarboxylic acid , acid anhydrides thereof , lower alkyl esters thereof and so on . the branching agent can be used in an amount from about 0 . 01 to about 10 mole % of the resin , from about 0 . 05 to about 8 mole %, from about 0 . 1 to about 5 mole % of the resin . generally , as known in the art , the polyacid / polyester and polyols reagents , are mixed together , optionally with a catalyst , and incubated at an elevated temperature , such as , from about 130 ° c . or more , from about 140 ° c . or more , from about 150 ° c . or more , and so on , although temperatures outside of those ranges can be used , which can be conducted anaerobically , to enable esterification to occur until equilibrium , which generally yields water or an alcohol , such as , methanol , arising from forming the ester bonds in esterification reactions . the reaction can be conducted under vacuum to promote polymerization . accordingly , disclosed herein is one - pot reaction for producing a bio - polyester resin suitable for use in an imaging toner . a bio - polyester resin can be processed to form a polymer reagent , which can be dried and formed into flowable particles , such as , a pellet , a powder and the like . the polymer reagent then can be incorporated with , for example , other reagents suitable for making a toner particle , such as , a colorant and / or a wax , and processed to a known manner to produce toner particles . polyester resins can carry one or more properties , such as , a t g ( onset ) of at least about 40 ° c ., at least about 45 ° c ., at least about 50 ° c . ; a t g of at least about 110 ° c ., at least about 115 ° c ., at least about 120 ° c . ; an acid value ( av ) of at least about 10 , at least about 12 . 5 , at least about 15 ; and an m w of at least about 5000 , at least about 15 , 000 , at least about 20 , 000 . suitable colorants include those comprising carbon black , such as , regal 330 ® and nipex 35 ; magnetites , such as , mobay magnetites , mo8029 ™ and mo8060 ™; columbian magnetites , mapico ® black ; surface - treated magnetites ; pfizer magnetites , cb4799 ™, cb5300 ™, cb5600 ™ and mcx6369 ™; bayer magnetites , bayferrox 8600 ™ and 8610 ™; northern pigments magnetites , np - 604 ™ and np - 608 ™; magnox magnetites , tmb - 100 ™ or tmb - 104 ™; and the like . colored pigments , such as , cyan , magenta , yellow , red , orange , green , brown , blue or mixtures thereof can be used . the additional pigment or pigments can be used as water - based pigment dispersions . examples of pigments include sunsperse 6000 , flexiverse and aquatone , water - based pigment dispersions from sun chemicals ; heliogen blue l6900 ™, d6840 ™, d7080 ™, d7020 ™, pylam oil blue ™, pylam oil yellow ™ and pigment blue 1 ™ available from paul uhlich & amp ; company , inc . ; pigment violet 1 ™, pigment red 48 ™, lemon chrome yellow dcc io26 ™, toluidine red ™ and bon red c ™ available from dominion color corporation , ltd ., toronto , ontario ; novaperm yellow fgl ™ and hostaperm pink e ™ from hoechst ; cinquasia magenta ™ available from e . i . dupont de nemours & amp ; co ., and the like . examples of magenta pigments include 2 , 9 - dimethyl - substituted quinacridone , an anthraquinone dye identified in the color index as ci 60710 , ci dispersed red 15 , a diazo dye identified in the color index as ci 26050 , ci solvent red 19 and the like . illustrative examples of cyan pigments include copper tetra ( octadecylsulfonamido ) phthalocyanine , a copper phthalocyanine pigment listed in the color index as ci 74160 , ci pigment blue , pigment blue 15 : 3 , pigment blue 15 : 4 , an anthrazine blue identified in the color index as ci 69810 , special blue x - 2137 and the like . illustrative examples of yellow pigments are diarylide yellow 3 , 3 - dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilide , a monoazo pigment identified in the color index as ci 12700 , ci solvent yellow 16 , a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide identified in the color index as foron yellow se / gln , ci disperse yellow 3 , 2 , 5 - dimethoxy - 4 - sulfonanilide phenylazo - 4 ′- chloro - 2 , 5 - dimethoxy acetoacetanilide and permanent yellow fgl . other known colorants can be used , such as , levanyl black a - sf ( miles , bayer ) and sunsperse carbon black lhd 9303 ( sun chemicals ), and colored dyes , such as , neopen blue ( basf ), sudan blue os ( basf ), pv fast blue b2g 01 ( american hoechst ), sunsperse blue bhd 6000 ( sun chemicals ), irgalite blue bca ( cibageigy ), paliogen blue 6470 ( basf ), sudan iii ( matheson , coleman , bell ), sudan ii ( matheson , coleman , bell ), sudan iv ( matheson , coleman , bell ), sudan orange g ( aldrich ), sudan orange 220 ( basf ), paliogen orange 3040 ( basf ), ortho orange or 2673 ( paul uhlich ), paliogen yellow 152 , 1560 ( basf ), lithol fast yellow 0991k ( basf ), paliotol yellow 1840 ( basf ), neopen yellow ( basf ), novoperm yellow fg 1 ( hoechst ), permanent yellow ye 0305 ( paul uhlich ), lumogen yellow d0790 ( basf ), sunsperse yellow yhd 6001 ( sun chemicals ), suco - gelb l1250 ( basf ), sucd - yellow d1355 ( basf ), hostaperm pink e ( american hoechst ), fanal pink d4830 ( basf ), cinquasia magenta ( dupont ), lithol scarlet d3700 ( basf ), toluidine red ( aldrich ), scarlet for thermoplast nsd ps pa ( ugine kuhlmann of canada ), e . d . toluidine red ( aldrich ), lithol rubine toner ( paul uhlich ), lithol scarlet 4440 ( basf ), bon red c ( dominion color company ), royal brilliant red rd - 8192 ( paul uhlich ), oracet pink rf ( ciba - geigy ), paliogen red 3871k ( basf ), paliogen red 3340 ( basf ), lithol fast scarlet l4300 ( basf ), combinations of the foregoing and the like . other pigments that can be used , and which are commercially available include various pigments in the color classes , pigment yellow 74 , pigment yellow 14 , pigment yellow 83 , pigment orange 34 , pigment red 238 , pigment red 122 , pigment red 48 : 1 , pigment red 269 , pigment red 53 : 1 , pigment red 57 : 1 , pigment red 83 : 1 , pigment violet 23 , pigment green 7 and so on , and combinations thereof . the colorant , for example carbon black , cyan , magenta and / or yellow colorant , may be incorporated in an amount sufficient to impart the desired color to the toner . in general , pigment or dye , may be employed in an amount ranging from 0 % to about 35 % by weight of the toner particles on a solids basis , from about 5 % to about 25 % by weight , from about 5 % to about 15 % by weight . more than one colorant may be present in a toner particle . for example , two colorants may be present in a toner particle , such as , a first colorant of pigment blue , may be present in an amount ranging from about 2 % to about 10 % by weight of the toner particle on a solids basis , from about 3 % to about 8 % by weight , from about 5 % to about 10 % by weight ; with a second colorant of pigment yellow that may be present in an amount ranging from about 5 % to about 20 % by weight of the toner particle on a solids basis , from about 6 % to about 15 % by weight , from about 10 % to about 20 % by weight and so on . toner compositions or reagents therefore may be in dispersions including a surfactant . emulsion aggregation methods where the polymer and other components of the toner are in combination can employ one or more surfactants to form an emulsion . one , two or more surfactants may be used . the surfactants may be selected from ionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants , or combinations thereof . anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants are encompassed by the term , “ ionic surfactants .” the surfactant or the total amount of surfactants may be used in an amount of from about 0 . 01 % to about 5 % by weight of the toner - forming composition , from about 0 . 75 % to about 4 %, from about 1 % to about 3 % by weight of the toner - forming composition . examples of nonionic surfactants include , for example , polyoxyethylene cetyl ether , polyoxyethylene lauryl ether , polyoxyethylene octyl ether , polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether , polyoxyethylene oleyl ether , polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate , polyoxyethylene stearyl ether , polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and dialkylphenoxy poly ( ethyleneoxy ) ethanol , for example , available from rhone - poulenc as igepal ca - 210 ™, igepal ca - 520 ™, igepal ca - 720 ™, igepal co - 890 ™, igepal co - 720 ™, igepal co - 290 ™, igepal ca - 210 ™, antarox 890 ™ and antarox 897 ™. other examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include a block copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide , including those commercially available as synperonic ® pr / f , in embodiments , synperonic ® pr / f 108 ; and a dowfax , available from the dow chemical corp . anionic surfactants include sulfates and sulfonates , such as , sodium dodecylsulfate ( sds ), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate , sodium dodecylnaphthalene sulfate and so on ; dialkyl benzenealkyl sulfates ; acids , such as , palmitic acid , and neogen or neogen sc obtained from daiichi kogyo seiyaku , and so on , combinations thereof and the like . other suitable anionic surfactants include , in embodiments , alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonates or tayca power bn2060 from tayca corporation ( japan ), which is a branched sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate . combinations of those surfactants and any of the foregoing nonionic surfactants may be used in embodiments . examples of cationic surfactants include , for example , alkylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride , dialkyl benzenealkyl ammonium chloride , lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride , alkylbenzyl methyl ammonium chloride , alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium bromide , benzalkonium chloride , cetyl pyridinium bromide , trimethyl ammonium bromides , halide salts of quarternized polyoxyethylalkylamines , dodecylbenzyl triethyl ammonium chlorides , mirapol ® and alkaquat ® available from alkaril chemical company , sanisol ® ( benzalkonium chloride ) available from kao chemicals and the like , and mixtures thereof , including , for example , a nonionic surfactant as known in the art or provided hereinabove . the toners of the instant disclosure , optionally , may contain a wax , which can be either a single type of wax or a mixture of two or more different types of waxes ( hereinafter identified as , “ a wax ”). a combination of waxes can be added to provide multiple properties to a toner or a developer composition . when included , the wax may be present in an amount of , for example , from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % of the toner particles , from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the toner particles . waxes that may be selected include waxes having , for example , a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 20 , 000 , in embodiments , from about 1 , 000 to about 10 , 000 . waxes that may be used include , for example , polyolefins , such as , polyethylene , polypropylene and polybutene waxes , such as , those that are commercially available , for example , polywax ™ polyethylene waxes from baker petrolite , wax emulsions available from michaelman , inc . or daniels products co ., epolene n15 ™ which is commercially available from eastman chemical products , inc ., viscol 550 - p ™, a low weight average molecular weight polypropylene available from sanyo kasei k . k . ; plant - based waxes , such as carnauba wax , rice wax , candelilla wax , sumac wax and jojoba oil ; animal - based waxes , such as beeswax ; mineral - based waxes and petroleum - based waxes , such as montan wax , ozokerite , ceresin wax , paraffin wax , microcrystalline wax and fischer - tropsch waxes ; ester waxes obtained from higher fatty acids and higher alcohols , such as stearyl stearate and behenyl behenate ; ester waxes obtained from higher fatty acids and monovalent or multivalent lower alcohols , such as butyl stearate , propyl oleate , glyceride monostearate , glyceride distearate and pentaerythritol tetrabehenate ; ester waxes obtained from higher fatty acids and multivalent alcohol multimers , such as diethyleneglycol monostearate , dipropyleneglycol distearate , diglyceryl distearate and triglyceryl tetrastearate ; sorbitan higher fatty acid ester waxes , such as sorbitan monostearate ; cholesterol higher fatty acid ester waxes , such as , cholesteryl stearate , and so on . examples of functionalized waxes that may be used include , for example , amines and amides , for example , aqua superslip 6550 ™ and superslip 6530 ™ available from micro powder inc . ; fluorinated waxes , for example , polyfluo 190 ™, polyfluo 200 ™, polysilk 19 ™ and polysilk 14 ™ available from micro powder inc . ; mixed flourinated amide waxes , for example , microspersion 19 ™ also available from micro powder inc . ; imides , esters , quaternary amines , carboxylic acids , acrylic polymer emulsions , for example , joncryl 74 ™, 89 ™, 130 ™, 537 ™ and 538 ™ available from sc johnson wax ; and chlorinated polypropylenes and polyethylenes available from allied chemical , petrolite corp . and sc johnson . mixtures and combinations of the foregoing waxes also may be used in embodiments . an aggregating factor ( or coagulant ) may be used to facilitate growth of the nascent toner particles and may be an inorganic cationic coagulant , such as , for example , polyaluminum chloride ( pac ), polyaluminum sulfosilicate ( pass ), aluminum sulfate , zinc sulfate , magnesium sulfate , chlorides of magnesium , calcium , zinc , beryllium , aluminum , sodium , other metal halides including monovalent and divalent halides . the aggregating factor may also contain minor amounts of other components , for example , nitric acid . the aggregating factor may be present in an emulsion in an amount of from , for example , from about 0 to about 10 wt %, or from about 0 . 05 to about 5 wt % based on the total solids in the toner . a sequestering agent or chelating agent may be introduced after aggregation to contribute to ph adjustment and / or to sequester or to extract a metal complexing ion , such as , aluminum , from the aggregation process . thus , the sequestering , chelating or complexing agent used after aggregation may comprise an organic complexing component , such as , ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid ( edta ), gluconal , hydroxyl - 2 , 2 ′ iminodisuccinic acid ( hids ), dicarboxylmethyl glutamic acid ( glda ), methyl glycidyl diacetic acid ( mgda ), hydroxydiethyliminodiacetic acid ( hida ), sodium gluconate , potassium citrate , sodium citrate , nitrotriacetate salt , humic acid , fulvic acid ; salts of edta , such as , alkali metal salts of edta , tartaric acid , gluconic acid , oxalic acid , polyacrylates , sugar acrylates , citric acid , polyaspartic acid , diethylenetriamine pentaacetate , 3 - hydroxy - 4 - pyridinone , dopamine , eucalyptus , iminodisuccinic acid , ethylenediaminedisuccinate , polysaccharide , sodium ethylenedinitrilotetraacetate , thiamine pyrophosphate , farnesyl pyrophosphate , 2 - aminoethylpyrophosphate , hydroxyl ethylidene - 1 , 1 - diphosphonic acid , aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid , diethylene triaminepentamethylene phosphonic acid , ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and mixtures thereof . the toner particles can be mixed with one or more of silicon dioxide or silica ( sio 2 ), titania or titanium dioxide ( tio 2 ) and / or cerium oxide , among other additives . silica may be a first silica and a second silica . the second silica may have a larger average size ( diameter ) than the first silica . the titania may have an average primary particle size in the range of from about 5 nm to about 50 nm , from about 5 nm to about 20 nm , from about 10 nm to about 50 nm . the cerium oxide may have an average primary particle size in the range of , for example , about 5 nm to about 50 nm , from about 5 nm to about 20 nm , from about 10 nm to about 50 nm . zinc stearate also may be used as an external additive . calcium stearate and magnesium stearate may provide similar functions . zinc stearate may have an average primary particle size in the range of from about 500 nm to about 700 nm , from about 500 nm to about 600 nm , from about 550 nm to about 650 nm . the toner particles may be prepared by any method within the purview of one skilled in the art , for example , any of the emulsion / aggregation methods can be used with a polyester resin . however , any suitable method of preparing toner particles may be used , including chemical processes , such as , suspension and encapsulation processes disclosed , for example , in u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 290 , 654 and 5 , 302 , 486 , the disclosure of each of which hereby is incorporated by reference in entirety ; by conventional granulation methods , such as , jet milling ; pelletizing slabs of material ; other mechanical processes ; any process for producing nanoparticles or microparticles ; and so on . in embodiments relating to an emulsification / aggregation process , a resin , for example , made as described above , can be dissolved in a solvent , and can be mixed into an emulsion medium , for example water , such as , deionized water ( diw ), optionally containing a stabilizer , and optionally a surfactant . examples of suitable stabilizers include water - soluble alkali metal hydroxides , such as , sodium hydroxide , potassium hydroxide , lithium hydroxide , beryllium hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide , calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide ; ammonium hydroxide ; alkali metal carbonates , such as , sodium bicarbonate , lithium bicarbonate , potassium bicarbonate , lithium carbonate , potassium carbonate , sodium carbonate , beryllium carbonate , magnesium carbonate , calcium carbonate , barium carbonate or cesium carbonate ; or mixtures thereof . when a stabilizer is used , the stabilizer can be present in amounts of from about 0 . 1 % to about 5 %, from about 0 . 5 % to about 3 % by weight of the resin . following emulsification , toner compositions may be prepared by aggregating a mixture of a resin , an optional colorant , an optional wax and any other desired additives in an emulsion , optionally , with surfactants as described above , and then optionally coalescing the aggregated particles in the mixture . a mixture may be prepared by adding an optional wax or other materials , which optionally also may be in a dispersion , including a surfactant , to the emulsion comprising a resin - forming material or a resin . the ph of the resulting mixture may be adjusted with an acid , such as , for example , acetic acid , nitric acid or the like . the ph of the mixture may be adjusted to from about 2 to about 4 . 5 . additionally , the mixture may be homogenized . if the mixture is homogenized , mixing can be at from about 600 to about 4 , 000 rpm . homogenization may be by any suitable means , including , for example , an ika ultra turrax t50 probe homogenizer . following preparation of the above mixture , larger particles or aggregates , often sized in micrometers , of the smaller particles from the initial polymerization reaction , often sized in nanometers , are obtained . an aggregating agent may be added to the mixture to facilitate the process . the aggregating factor may be added to the mixture at a temperature that is below the glass transition temperature ( t g ) of the resin or of a polymer . the aggregating factor may be added to the mixture components to form a toner in an amount of , for example , from about 0 . 1 part per hundred ( pph ) to about 1 pph , from about 0 . 25 pph to about 0 . 75 pph . to control aggregation of the particles , the aggregating factor may be metered into the mixture over time . for example , the factor may be added incrementally into the mixture over a period of from about 5 to about 240 minutes , from about 30 to about 200 minutes . addition of the aggregating factor also may be done while the mixture is maintained under stirred conditions , from about 50 rpm to about 1 , 000 rpm , from about 100 rpm to about 500 rpm ; and at a temperature that is below the t g of the resin or polymer , from about 30 ° c . to about 90 ° c ., from about 35 ° c . to about 70 ° c . the growth and shaping of the particles following addition of the aggregation factor may be accomplished under any suitable condition ( s ). the particles may be permitted to aggregate until a predetermined desired particle size is obtained . particle size is monitored during the growth process , for example , with a coulter counter , for average particle size . once the desired final size of the toner particles or aggregates is achieved , the ph of the mixture may be adjusted with base to a value of from about 5 to about 10 , from about 6 to about 8 . the adjustment of ph may be used to freeze , that is , to stop , toner particle growth . the base used to stop toner particle growth may be , for example , an alkali metal hydroxide , such as , for example , sodium hydroxide , potassium hydroxide , ammonium hydroxide , combinations thereof and the like . a chelator , such as , edta , may be added to assist adjusting the ph to the desired value . after aggregation , but prior to coalescence , a resin coating may be applied to the aggregated particles to form a shell thereover . the shell can comprise any resin described herein or as known in the art . a polyester amorphous resin latex as described herein may be included in the shell . a polyester amorphous resin latex described herein may be combined with a different resin , and then added to the particles as a resin coating to form a shell . a shell resin may be applied to the aggregated particles by any method within the purview of those skilled in the art . the emulsion possessing the resins may be combined with the aggregated particles so that the shell forms over the aggregated particles . the formation of the shell over the aggregated particles may occur while heating to a temperature from about 30 ° c . to about 80 ° c ., from about 35 ° c . to about 70 ° c . the formation of the shell may take place for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours , from about 10 minutes to about 5 hours . the shell may be present in an amount from about 1 % by weight to about 80 % by weight of the toner components , from about 10 % by weight to about 40 %, from about 20 % by weight to about 35 %. following aggregation to a desired particle size and application of any optional shell , the particles then may be coalesced to a desired final shape , such as , a circular shape , for example , to correct for irregularities in shape and size , the coalescence being achieved by , for example , heating the mixture to a temperature from about 45 ° c . to about 100 ° c ., from about 55 ° c . to about 99 ° c ., which may be at or above the t g of the resins used to form the toner particles , and / or reducing the stirring , for example , from about 1000 rpm to about 100 rpm , from about 800 rpm to about 200 rpm . coalescence may be conducted over a period from about 0 . 01 to about 9 hours , in embodiments from about 0 . 1 to about 4 hours , see , for example , u . s . pat . no . 7 , 736 , 831 . optionally , a coalescing agent can be used . examples of suitable coalescence agents include , but are not limited to , benzoic acid alkyl esters , ester alcohols , glycol / ether - type solvents , long chain aliphatic alcohols , aromatic alcohols , mixtures thereof and the like . the coalescence agent ( or coalescing agent or coalescence aid agent ) can evaporate during later stages of the emulsion / aggregation process , such as , during a second heating step , that is , generally above the t g of the resin or a polymer . the final toner particles are thus , free of , or essentially or substantially free of any remaining coalescence agent . to the extent that any remaining coalescence agent may be present in a final toner particle , the amount of remaining coalescence agent is such that presence thereof does not affect any properties or the performance of the toner or developer . the coalescence agent can be added prior to the coalescence or fusing step in any desired or suitable amount . for example , the coalescence agent can be added in an amount of from about 0 . 01 to about 10 % by weight , based on the solids content in the reaction medium , on from about 0 . 05 , or from about 0 . 1 %, to about 0 . 5 or to about 3 . 0 % by weight , based on the solids content in the reaction medium . of course , amounts outside those ranges can be used , as desired . after coalescence , the mixture may be cooled to room temperature , such as , from about 20 ° c . to about 25 ° c . the cooling may be rapid or slow , as desired . a suitable cooling method may include introducing cold water in a jacket around the reactor . after cooling , the toner particles optionally may be washed with water and then dried . drying may be accomplished by any suitable method for drying including , for example , freeze drying . in embodiments , the toner particles also may contain other optional additives . the toner may include any known charge additives in amounts of from about 0 . 1 to about 10 weight %, from about 0 . 5 to about 7 weight % of the toner . examples of such charge additives include alkyl pyridinium halides , bisulfates , the charge control additives of u . s . pat . nos . 3 , 944 , 493 ; 4 , 007 , 293 ; 4 , 079 , 014 ; 4 , 394 , 430 ; and 4 , 560 , 035 , the disclosure of each of which hereby is incorporated by reference in entirety , negative charge enhancing additives , such as , aluminum complexes , and the like . charge enhancing molecules can be used to impart either a positive or a negative charge on a toner particle . examples include quaternary ammonium compounds , see , for example , u . s . pat . no . 4 , 298 , 672 , organic sulfate and sulfonate compounds , see for example , u . s . pat . no . 4 , 338 , 390 , cetyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborates , distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate , aluminum salts and so on . surface additives can be added to the toner compositions of the present disclosure , for example , after washing or drying . examples of such surface additives include , for example , one or more of a metal salt , a metal salt of a fatty acid , a colloidal silica , a metal oxide , such as , tio 2 ( for example , for improved rh stability , tribo control and improved development and transfer stability ), an aluminum oxide , a cerium oxide , a strontium titanate , sio 2 , mixtures thereof and the like . examples of such additives include those disclosed in u . s . pat . nos . 3 , 590 , 000 ; 3 , 720 , 617 ; 3 , 655 , 374 ; and 3 , 983 , 045 , the disclosure of each of which hereby is incorporated by reference in entirety . surface additives may be used in an amount of from about 0 . 1 to about 10 wt %, from about 0 . 5 to about 7 wt % of the toner . other surface additives include lubricants , such as , a metal salt of a fatty acid ( e . g ., zinc or calcium stearate ) or long chain alcohols , such as , unilin 700 available from baker petrolite and aerosil r972 ® available from degussa . the coated silicas of u . s . pat . nos . 6 , 190 , 815 and 6 , 004 , 714 , the disclosure of each of which hereby is incorporated by reference in entirety , also can be present . the additive can be present in an amount of from about 0 . 05 to about 5 %, and in embodiments , of from about 0 . 1 to about 2 % of the toner , which additives can be added during the aggregation or blended into the formed toner product . the gloss of a toner may be influenced by the amount of retained metal ion , such as , al 3 + , in a particle . the amounted of retained metal ion may be adjusted by the addition of a chelator , such as , edta . the amount of retained catalyst , for example , al 3 + , in toner particles may be from about 0 . 1 pph to about 1 pph , from about 0 . 25 pph to about 0 . 8 pph . the gloss level of a toner of the instant disclosure may have a gloss , as measured by gardner gloss units ( gu ), of from about 20 gu to about 100 gu , from about 50 gu to about 95 gu , from about 60 gu to about 90 gu . hence , a particle can contain at the surface one or more silicas , one or more metal oxides , such as , a titanium oxide and a cerium oxide , a lubricant , such as , a zinc stearate and so on . in some embodiments , a particle surface can comprise two silicas , two metal oxides , such as , titanium oxide and cerium oxide , and a lubricant , such as , a zinc stearate . all of those surface components can comprise about 5 % by weight of a toner particle weight . there can also be blended with the toner compositions , external additive particles including flow aid additives , which additives may be present on the surface of the toner particles . examples of these additives include metal oxides like titanium oxide , tin oxide , mixtures thereof , and the like ; colloidal silicas , such as aerosil ®, metal salts and metal salts of fatty acids , including zinc stearate , aluminum oxides , cerium oxides , and mixtures thereof . each of the external additives may be present in embodiments in amounts of from about 0 . 1 to about 5 wt %, or from about 0 . 1 to about 1 wt %, of the toner . several of the aforementioned additives are illustrated in u . s . pat . nos . 3 , 590 , 000 , 3 , 800 , 588 , and 6 , 214 , 507 , the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference . toners may possess suitable charge characteristics when exposed to extreme relative humidity ( rh ) conditions . the low humidity zone ( c zone ) may be about 10 ° c . and 15 % rh , while the high humidity zone ( a zone ) may be about 28 ° c . and 85 % rh . toners of the instant disclosure also may possess a parent toner charge per mass ratio ( q / m ) of from about − 5 μc / g to about − 90 μc / g , and a final toner charge after surface additive blending of from about − 15 μc / g to about − 80 μc / g . other desirable characteristics of a toner include storage stability , particle size integrity , high rate of fusing to the substrate or receiving member , sufficient release of the image from the photoreceptor , nondocument offset , use of smaller - sized particles and so on , and such characteristics can be obtained by including suitable reagents , suitable additives or both , and / or preparing the toner with particular protocols . the characteristics of the toner particles may be determined by any suitable technique and apparatus . volume average particle diameter and geometric standard deviation may be measured using an instrument , such as , a beckman coulter multisizer 3 , operated in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer . the dry toner particles , exclusive of external surface additives , may have the following characteristics : ( 1 ) volume average diameter ( also referred to as “ volume average particle diameter ”) of from about 2 . 5 to about 20 μm , from about 2 . 75 to about 10 μm , from about 3 to about 7 . 5 μm ; ( 2 ) number average geometric standard deviation ( gsdn ) and / or volume average geometric standard deviation ( gsdv ) of from about 1 . 18 to about 1 . 30 , from about 1 . 21 to about 1 . 24 ; and ( 3 ) circularity of from about 0 . 9 to about 1 . 0 ( measured with , for example , a sysmex fpia 2100 analyzer ), from about 0 . 95 to about 0 . 985 , from about 0 . 96 to about 0 . 98 . the toner particles thus formed may be formulated into a developer composition . for example , the toner particles may be mixed with carrier particles to achieve a two component developer composition . the toner concentration in the developer may be from about 1 % to about 25 % by weight of the total weight of the developer , from about 2 % to about 15 % by weight of the total weight of the developer , with the remainder of the developer composition being the carrier . however , different toner and carrier percentages may be used to achieve a developer composition with desired characteristics . examples of carrier particles for mixing with the toner particles include those particles that are capable of triboelectrically obtaining a charge of polarity opposite to that of the toner particles . illustrative examples of suitable carrier particles include granular zircon , granular silicon , glass , steel , nickel , ferrites , iron ferrites , silicon dioxide , one or more polymers and the like . other carriers include those disclosed in u . s . pat . nos . 3 , 847 , 604 ; 4 , 937 , 166 ; and 4 , 935 , 326 . the carrier particles may include a core with a coating thereover , which may be formed from a polymer or a mixture of polymers that are not in close proximity thereto in the triboelectric series , such as , those as taught herein or as known in the art . the coating may include fluoropolymers , such as polyvinylidene fluorides , terpolymers of styrene , methyl methacrylates , silanes , such as triethoxy silanes , tetrafluoroethylenes , other known coatings and the like . for example , coatings containing polyvinylidenefluoride , available , for example , as kynar 301f ™, and / or polymethylmethacrylate ( pmma ), for example , having a weight average molecular weight of about 300 , 000 to about 350 , 000 , such as , commercially available from soken , may be used . in embodiments , pmma and polyvinylidenefluoride may be mixed in proportions of from about 30 to about 70 wt % to about 70 to about 30 wt %, in embodiments , from about 40 to about 60 wt % to about 60 to about 40 wt %. the coating may have a coating weight of , for example , from about 0 . 1 to about 5 % by weight of the carrier , from about 0 . 5 to about 2 % by weight of the carrier . various effective suitable means can be used to apply the polymer to the surface of the carrier core , for example , cascade roll mixing , tumbling , milling , shaking , electrostatic powder cloud spraying , fluidized bed mixing , electrostatic disc processing , electrostatic curtain processing , combinations thereof and the like . the mixture of carrier core particles and polymer then may be heated to enable the polymer to melt and to fuse to the carrier core . the coated carrier particles then may be cooled and thereafter classified to a desired particle size . the carrier particles may be prepared by mixing the carrier core with polymer in an amount from about 0 . 05 to about 10 % by weight , from about 0 . 01 to about 3 % by weight , based on the weight of the coated carrier particle , until adherence thereof to the carrier core is obtained , for example , by mechanical impaction and / or electrostatic attraction . in embodiments , suitable carriers may include a steel core , for example , of from about 25 to about 100 μm in size , from about 50 to about 75 μm in size , coated with about 0 . 5 % to about 10 % by weight , from about 0 . 7 % to about 5 % by weight of a polymer mixture including , for example , methylacrylate and carbon black , using the process described , for example , in u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 236 , 629 and 5 , 330 , 874 . toners and developers can be combined with a number of devices ranging from enclosures or vessels , such as , a vial , a bottle , a flexible container , such as a bag or a package , and so on , to devices that serve more than a storage function . the toner compositions and developers of interest can be incorporated into devices dedicated , for example , to delivering same for a purpose , such as , forming an image . hence , particularized toner delivery devices are known , see , for example , u . s . pat . no . 7 , 822 , 370 , and can contain a toner preparation or developer of interest . such devices include cartridges , tanks , reservoirs and the like , and can be replaceable , disposable or reusable . such a device can comprise a storage portion ; a dispensing or delivery portion ; and so on ; along with various ports or openings to enable toner or developer addition to and removal from the device ; an optional portion for monitoring amount of toner or developer in the device ; formed or shaped portions to enable sitting and seating of the device in , for example , an imaging device ; and so on . a toner or developer of interest may be included in a device dedicated to delivery thereof , for example , for recharging or refilling toner or developer in an imaging device component , such as , a cartridge , in need of toner or developer , see , for example , u . s . pat . no 7 , 817 , 944 , wherein the imaging device component may be replaceable or reusable . the toners or developers can be used for electrostatographic or electrophotographic processes , including those disclosed in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 295 , 990 , the disclosure of which hereby is incorporated by reference in entirety . in embodiments , any known type of image development system may be used in an image developing device , including , for example , magnetic brush development , jumping single component development , hybrid scavengeless development ( hsd ) and the like . those and similar development systems are within the purview of those skilled in the art . imaging processes include , for example , preparing an image with an electrophotographic device including , for example , one or more of a charging component , an imaging component , a photoconductive component , a developing component , a transfer component , a fusing component and so on . the electrophotographic device may include a high speed printer , a color printer and the like . once the image is formed with toners / developers via a suitable image development method , such as any of the aforementioned methods , the image then may be transferred to an image receiving medium or substrate , such as , a paper and the like . in embodiments , the fusing member or component , which can be of any desired or suitable configuration , such as , a drum or roller , a belt or web , a flat surface or platen , or the like , may be used to set the toner image on the substrate . optionally , a layer of a liquid , such as , a fuser oil can be applied to the fuser member prior to fusing . color printers commonly use four housings carrying different colors to generate full color images based on black plus the standard printing colors , cyan , magenta and yellow . however , in embodiments , additional housings may be desirable , including image generating devices possessing five housings , six housings or more , thereby providing the ability to carry additional toner colors to print an extended range of colors ( extended gamut ). the following examples illustrate embodiments of the instant disclosure . the examples are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure . parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated . as used herein , “ room temperature ,” ( rt ) refers to a temperature of from about 20 ° c . to about 30 ° c . to a 1 - l parr reactor were added a rosin ( arakawa kr614 ) comprised primarily of disproportionated dehydro - abietic acid ( 180 g ), bis -( epoxy - propyl )- neopentylene glycol ( 76 g ) and tetraethyl ammonium bromide catalyst ( 0 . 35 g ). the mixture was heated from 105 ° c . to 160 ° c . over a four - hour period with stirring under nitrogen bleed . to that mixture then were added 1 , 2 - propanediol ( 183 g ), dimethyl terephthalate ( 231 g ), succinic acid ( 19 . 2 g ) and fascat 4100 catalyst ( 1 . 5 g ). the mixture was heated from 160 ° c . to 195 ° c . over a 6 hour period , followed by increasing the temperature to 210 ° c . over a 2 hour period , followed by reducing the pressure to 10 mm - hg . the mixture was then heated to 225 ° c . until the desired softening point was obtained ( table 1 ). during the polycondensation process , water , methanol and glycol were distilled . the resin then was discharged through a bottom drain valve and left undisturbed to cool to rt . two resins were made , resins a and b of differing molecular weight . the thermal properties are listed in table 1 below . into a 2 liter glass reactor equipped with an overhead mixer were added 312 . 96 g emulsion of resin a ( 19 . 19 wt %) prepared by a standard phase inversion emulsion ( pie ) process ( particle size of 126 . 5 nm ), 23 . 38 g crystalline resin emulsion ( 35 . 60 wt %), 36 . 94 g wax dispersion ( 29 . 97 wt %) and 44 . 30 g cyan pigment pb15 : 3 ( 16 . 24 wt %). separately 1 . 35 g al 2 ( so 4 ) 3 ( 27 . 85 wt %) were added as the flocculent ( aggregating agent ) under homogenization . the mixture was heated to 46 . 9 ° c . to aggregate the particles while stirring at 300 rpm . the particle size was monitored with a coulter counter until the core particles reached a volume average particle size of 4 . 13 μm with a gsd volume of 1 . 23 , and then 175 . 09 g of above mentioned resin a emulsion were added as shell material , resulting in core - shell structured particles with an average particle size of 5 . 48 μm , gsd volume 1 . 20 . thereafter , the ph of the reaction slurry was increased to 7 . 7 using a 4 wt % naoh solution followed by 2 . 77 g edta ( 39 wt %) to freeze toner particle growth . after freezing , the reaction mixture was heated to 85 ° c . and ph was reduced to 7 . 00 using a ph 5 . 7 acetic acid / sodium acetate ( hac / naac ) buffer solution for coalescence . the toner slurry then was cooled to rt , separated by sieving ( 25 μm ), filtered , and followed by washing and freeze drying . into a 2 liter glass reactor equipped with an overhead mixer were added 331 . 91 g emulsion of resin b ( 18 . 33 wt %) prepared by a standard phase inversion emulsification process ( particle size of 217 . 1 nm ), 23 . 38 g crystalline resin emulsion ( 35 . 60 wt %), 36 . 94 g wax dispersion ( 29 . 97 wt %) and 44 . 3 g cyan pigment pb15 : 3 ( 16 . 24 wt %). separately 2 . 15 g al 2 ( so 4 ) 3 ( 27 . 85 wt %) were added in as the flocculent under homogenization . the mixture was heated to 38 . 9 ° c . to aggregate the particles while stirring at 300 rpm . the particle size was monitored with a coulter counter until the core particles reached a volume average particle size of 4 . 40 μm with a gsd volume of 1 . 22 , and then 183 . 31 g of above mentioned resin b emulsion were added as shell material , resulting in core - shell structured particles with an average size of 6 . 15 μm , gsd volume of 1 . 21 . thereafter , the ph of the reaction slurry was then increased to 7 . 67 using a 4 wt % naoh solution followed by 4 . 62 g edta ( 39 wt %) to freeze the toner particle growth . after freezing , the reaction mixture was heated to 85 ° c ., and ph was reduced to 6 . 73 using ph 5 . 7 acetic acid / sodium acetate ( hac / naac ) buffer solution for coalescence . the toner slurry was then cooled to rt , separated by sieving ( 25 μm ), filtered , followed by washing and freeze dried . all unfused images were generated using a dc12 copier ( xerox ). a tma ( toner mass per unit area ) of 1 . 00 mg / cm 2 was used for the amount of toner placed onto cxs paper ( color xpressions select , 90 gsm , uncoated , xerox no . 3r11540 ) and used for gloss , crease and hot offset measurements . gloss / crease targets were a square image placed in the centre of the page as known in the art . in general , two passes through the dc12 while adjusting developer bias voltage were required to achieve the desired tma . samples then were fused with a xerox docucolor ™ copier / printer ). fusing properties are listed in table 3 . the fusing results of both bio - based toners indicated similar performance to a docucolor ™ toner containing an amorphous resin . five grams of toner were placed into an open dish and conditioned in an environmental chamber at 55 ° c . and 50 % relative humidity . after 24 hours , the samples were removed and acclimated to ambient conditions for 30 minutes . each re - acclimated sample was then poured into a stack of two preweighed mesh sieves , which were stacked as follows , 1 , 000 μm on top and 106 μm on bottom . the sieves were vibrated for 90 seconds at 1 millimeter amplitude with a hosokawa flow tester . after the vibration was completed , the sieves were reweighed and toner heat cohesion was calculated from the total amount of toner remaining on both sieves as a percentage of the starting weight . developer samples were prepared in a 60 ml glass bottle by weighing 0 . 5 gram of toner onto 10 grams of carrier comprised of a steel core and a coating of a polymer mixture of polymethylmethacrylate ( pmma , 60 wt %) and polyvinylidene fluoride ( 40 wt %). developer samples were prepared in duplicate as above for each toner that was being evaluated . one sample of the pair was conditioned in the a zone environment of 28 ° c ./ 85 % rh and the other was conditioned in the c - zone environment of 10 ° c ./ 15 % rh . the samples were kept in the respective environments overnight , about 18 to about 21 hours , to fully equilibrate . the following day , the developer samples were mixed for 1 hour using a turbula mixer , after which the charge on the toner particles was measured using a charge spectrograph . the toner charge was calculated as the midpoint of the toner charge distribution . the charge was in millimeters of displacement from the zero line for both the parent particles and particles with additives . the relative humidity ( rh ) ratio was calculated as the a - zone charge at 85 % humidity ( in ml ) over the c - zone charge at 15 % humidity ( in ml ). compared to the docucolor control , the a - zone charge was slightly lower for parent charge , and in the j - zone , slightly higher with additives . considering that the acid value of the resins was higher than that of the control toner , and acid value is manipulable , charge performance can be optimized . the charge maintenance was similar to that of the control toner after 24 hrs . overall , the thermal properties of the bio - resins as well as the bench test fusing , blocking and electrical performance of the bio - based toners of interest are similar to the commercial xerox docucolor ™ dc 12 toner . to a 2 liter hoppes reactor were added rosin acid ( rondis r , arakawa chemical , chicago , ill .) comprised primarily of dehydro - abietic acid ( 527 . 1 g ), bis -( epoxy - propyl )- neopentylene glycol ( bng , 222 . 8 g ) and tetraethyl ammonium bromide catalyst ( tab , 0 . 68 g ). the mixture was heated from 105 ° c . to over 165 ° c . over a four - hour period with stirring under nitrogen bleed and the mixture was held at that temperature for 2 - 4 hours until the acid value was less than 5 . the mixture was cooled and then were added 1 , 2 - propanediol ( pd , 461 g ), terephthalic acid ( 477 . 4 g ), succinic acid ( sa , 38 . 8 g ) and fascat 4100 catalyst ( 3 g ). the mixture was heated from 160 ° c . to 195 ° c . over a 2 . 5 hour period , followed by increasing the temperature to 210 ° c . over a 20 minute period . the reactor was pressurized to 200 kpa once the internal temperature reached 185 ° c . the reaction was maintained from about 8 hours or until the acid value was ≦ 10 . the reaction pressure was then reduced to about 10 mm - hg . the propylene glycol and any residual water were distilled out . the mixture was then heated to 210 ° c . until the desired softening point was obtained ( table 4 ). the resin then was discharged through a bottom drain valve and left undisturbed to cool to room temperature . three resins were made ( resins c - e ). synthesis of bio - based resin with fumaric acid ( fa ) to adjust av the same materials and methods as that of example 7 for resin e were practiced except that the resulting resin mixture was heated until a softening point of 122 ° c . was obtained . the reactor temperature was reduced to 175 ° c . and 24 g of fumaric acid were added . the mixture was heated for an additional hour , discharged through a bottom drain valve and cooled to rt ( resin f ). as noted in comparing resins e and f , the acid value of the resin was altered by including fumaric acid in the reaction without altering the remaining thermal properties of the resin . to a 5 gallon reactor were added rondis r rosin ( 5 . 27 kg ), 2 . 33 kg bng and 68 g or tab . the mixture was heated from 105 ° c . to over 165 ° c . over a four - hour period with stirring under nitrogen bleed and the mixture was held at that temperature for 2 - 4 hours until the acid value was less than 5 . the mixture was cooled and then were added 461 g of pd , terephthalic acid ( ta , 477 . 4 g ), 38 . 8 g of sa and 3 g of fascat 4100 . the mixture was heated from 160 ° c . to 195 ° c . over a 2 . 5 hour period , followed by increasing the temperature to 199 ° c . over a 20 minute period . the reactor was pressurized to 200 kpa once the internal temperature reached 185 ° c . the reaction was maintained from about 8 hours or until the acid value was ≦ 10 . the reaction pressure was then reduced to about 10 mm - hg . the propylene glycol and any residual water were distilled out . the mixture was then heated to 195 ° c . until the desired softening point ( resin g , 113 . 5 ° c . ; resin h , 117 . 5 ° c .) was obtained ( table 5 ). the reactor temperature was reduced to 175 ° c . and 208 g of fa and 0 . 24 g hydroquinone to serve as an inhibitor to avoid crosslinking of fumaric with oxygen . the mixture was heated for an additional 5 - 6 hours and then discharged through a bottom drain valve and left undisturbed to cool to room temperature . the process of example 9 was practiced but using 165 g of fa to yield resin h . the process of example 9 was practiced except that 2 . 38 kg of bng and 165 g of fa were added to yield resin 1 . into a 2 liter glass reactor equipped with an overhead mixer was added 328 . 16 g emulsion of resin g ( 18 . 54 wt %) prepared by a standard pie process ( particle size of 186 . 3 nm ), 23 . 38 g crystalline resin emulsion ( 35 . 60 wt %), 36 . 94 g wax dispersion ( 29 . 97 wt %) and 46 . 12 g cyan pigment pb15 : 3 ( 15 . 60 wt %). separately , 2 . 15 g al 2 ( so 4 ) 3 ( 27 . 85 wt %) were added in as flocculent under homogenization . the mixture was heated to 41 ° c . to aggregate the particles while stirring at 300 rpm . the particle size was monitored with a coulter counter until the core particles reached a volume average particle size of 4 . 68 μm with a gsd volume of 1 . 23 , and then 181 . 23 g of resin g emulsion were added as shell material , resulting in core - shell structured particles with an average particle size of 5 . 83 μm , gsd volume 1 . 22 . thereafter , the ph of the reaction slurry was increased to 8 . 1 using a 4 wt % naoh solution followed by 6 . 92 g edta ( 39 wt %) to freeze toner particle growth . after freezing , the reaction mixture was heated to 75 ° c . and ph was increased to 9 . 05 . after 2 hours of coalescence , ph was reduced stepwise from 8 . 52 to 8 . 32 using a ph 5 . 7 acetic acid / sodium acetate ( hac / naac ) buffer solution . the toner was quenched after coalescence , resulting in a final particle size of 6 . 41 μm , gsd volume of 1 . 23 , gsd number 1 . 26 and circularity 0 . 967 ( sysmex fpia 2100 analyzer ). the toner slurry was then cooled to rt , separated by sieving ( 25 μm ), filtration , followed by washing and freeze drying . into a 2 liter glass reactor equipped with an overhead mixer were added 286 . 41 g emulsion of resin h ( 21 . 72 wt %) prepared by standard pie process ( particle size of 100 . 1 nm ), 23 . 91 g crystalline resin emulsion ( 35 . 60 wt %), 36 . 94 g wax dispersion ( 29 . 97 wt %) and 47 . 15 g cyan pigment pb15 : 3 ( 15 . 60 wt %). separately 1 . 32 g al 2 ( so 4 ) 3 ( 37 . 67 wt %) were added as flocculent under homogenization . the mixture was heated to 46 . 9 ° c . to aggregate the particles while stirring at 300 rpm . the particle size was monitored with a coulter counter until the core particles reached a volume average particle size of 4 . 05 μm with a gsd volume of 1 . 25 , and then 158 . 18 g of above mentioned resin h emulsion were added as shell material , resulting in core - shell structured particles with an average particle size of 5 . 42 μm , gsd volume 1 . 24 . thereafter , the ph of the reaction slurry was then increased to 7 . 87 using a 4 wt % naoh solution followed by 4 . 72 g edta ( 39 wt %) to freeze toner particle growth . after freezing , the reaction mixture was heated to 75 ° c . and ph was increased to 9 . 05 . after 2 hours of coalescence , ph was reduced stepwise from 8 . 45 to 8 . 1 using a ph 5 . 7 acetic acid / sodium acetate ( hac / naac ) buffer solution . the toner was quenched after coalescence , resulting in a final particle size of 6 . 41 μm , gsd volume of 1 . 25 , gsd number 1 . 29 and circularity 0 . 955 . the toner slurry was then cooled to rt , separated by sieving ( 25 μm ), filtered , followed by washing and freeze drying . into a 2 liter grass reactor equipped with an overhead mixer were added 274 . 67 g emulsion of resin i ( 22 . 15 wt %) prepared by a standard pie process ( particle size of 178 . 6 nm ), 23 . 38 g crystalline resin emulsion ( 35 . 60 wt %), 36 . 84 g wax dispersion ( 30 . 05 wt %) and 46 . 12 g cyan pigment pb15 : 3 ( 15 . 60 wt %). separately 2 . 15 g al 2 ( so 4 ) 3 ( 27 . 85 wt %) were added as flocculent . the mixture was heated to 43 . 9 ° c . to aggregate the particles while stirring at 300 rpm . the particle size was monitored with a coulter counter until the core particles reached a volume average particle size of 4 . 49 μm with a gsd volume of 1 . 24 , and then 151 . 69 g of the above mentioned resin i emulsion were added as shell material , resulting in core - shell structured particles with an average particle size of 5 . 37 μm , gsd volume 1 . 22 . thereafter , the ph of the reaction slurry was increased to 8 . 03 using a 4 wt % naoh solution followed by 4 . 62 g edta ( 39 wt %) to freeze the toner growth . after freezing , the reaction mixture was heated to 75 ° c . and ph was increased to 9 . 52 . after 2 hours of coalescence , ph was reduced stepwise from 8 . 79 to 8 . 66 using a ph 5 . 7 acetic acid / sodium acetate ( hac / naac ) buffer solution . the toner was quenched after coalescence , resulting in a final particle size of 5 . 71 μm , gsd volume of 1 . 22 , gsd number 1 . 28 and circularity of 0 . 957 . the toner slurry was then cooled to rt , separated by sieving ( 25 mm ), filtered , followed by washing and freeze drying . toner f was made with 50 : 50 mixture of resins g and h . it will be appreciated that various of the above - disclosed and other features and functions , or alternatives thereof , may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications . also various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives , modifications , variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art , which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims . unless specifically recited in a claim , steps or components of claims should not be implied or imported from the specification or any other claims as to any particular order , number , position , size , shape , angle , color or material .