according to the invention , elements of a preferred form of footwear are generally shown by shoe 10 , in fig1 - 3 and 11 - 14 . more specifically and for purposes of illustration , fig1 - 3 and 11 - 14 generally show one or more elements of only a representative shoe 10 , while a corresponding shoe of the pair of footwear is not shown . shoe 10 comprises of an upper 12 , an insole 14 , an outsole 16 and a pad 18 having a structure and function that shall be detailed below . those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the invention could take the form of the sports shoe 10 depicted or , alternatively , the footwear could be a walking shoe , hiking boot or other footwear for active use . similarly , the materials used for the various elements could be leather or other synthetic materials . further according to the invention , the outsole 16 of the shoe 10 has a peripheral wall 20 delimiting a plantar 22 , a heel 24 and an arch 26 region of the outsole . as shown in fig1 - 3 , an inner cavity 28 is preferably formed in at least one of the plantar 22 , heel 24 and arch 26 regions , the cavity having a floor 30 . in the embodiment of the invention shown in fig1 - 3 , cavity 28 is located in the plantar region 22 . pad 48 is a separate cushioning element preferably located within the plantar cavity 28 and bonded to floor 30 , where the pad 18 is formed as an integral functional part of the & lt ; outsole 26 . fig4 is a flow diagram illustrating the general methodology in manufacturing a shoe according to the invention . fig1 - 3 are also referred to herein in describing the general method of the invention . referring to fig4 an upper 12 , an insole 14 , and an outsole 16 are provided in step 111 . the outsole 16 comprises a heel 24 , an arch 26 , and a plantar region 22 . a cavity 28 is formed in the outsole 16 in step 113 . a cushioning pad 18 is permanently affixed in the cavity 28 in step 115 , thereafter serving as an integral , functional part of the outsole 26 . the cavity 28 can be located anywhere in the outsole 16 where cushioning support is needed , e . g ., the heel 24 , the arch 26 , or the plantar region 22 . this provides an advantage and particular flexibility for selecting cushioning capacity where needed , without requiring a separately engineered midsole . the upper 12 , the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 ( with the affixed pad 18 ) are then assembled to form a shoe according to the invention ( step 117 ). for optimal manufacturing efficiency , the upper 12 the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 are made separately and assembled later to form the shoe 110 . fig5 is a flow diagram that illustrates such an embodiment of the method of the invention . elements of a shoe according to the invention ( as shown in fig1 - 3 ) are also referred to herein in describing this embodiment of the method of the invention . referring to fig5 the upper 12 , the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 are made on an individual basis ( steps 121 , 123 and 125 , respectively ). the cavity 28 is formed in the outsole 16 in step 127 . the cushioning pad 18 is permanently affixed in the cavity 28 , serving as an integral , functional part of the outsole 16 in step 129 . after the cushioning pad 18 is affixed in the cavity 28 of the outsole 16 , it is bonded with the insole 14 ( step 128 ). the bonded insole 14 and outsole 16 ( with affixed pad 18 ) are then assembled with the upper 12 to form the shoe 10 according to the invention ( step 126 ). the bonded insole 14 and outsole 16 with pad 18 are shown in fig6 - 7 ( bottom view and side view thereof , respectively ), collectively known as bonded insole / outsole 10 a . the base of bonded insole / outsole 10 a has molded - in grip formations 16 a , which is known in the art . one advantage of this embodiment of the method of making the shoe 10 according to the invention is that a component , e . g ., upper 12 , of the shoe 10 can be made separately without waiting for other components ( e . g ., insole 14 , the outsole 16 or bonded insole / outsole 10 a ) to be manufactured . in particular , components of the shoe 10 can be efficiently made without waiting for the completion of the affixing of the pad 18 to the cavity 28 of the outsole 16 . this embodiment of the method of manufacturing the shoe 10 according to the invention is particularly suitable when the upper 12 is pre - fabricated or separately made by an outside manufacturer , e . g ., an original equipment manufacturer ( oem ). in the alternative , the upper sole 12 , the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 can be molded in a single step if simultaneous or pseudo - simultaneous manufacturing is desired , depending on manufacturing considerations or factory conditions . fig8 is a flow diagram that illustrates another embodiment of the method for making the shoe 10 according to the invention . elements of a shoe according to the invention ( as shown in fig1 - 3 ) are also referred to herein in describing this embodiment of the method of the invention . referring to fig8 the upper 12 , the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 are separately provided in steps 131 , 133 , and 135 , respectively . the cavity 28 is formed in the outsole 16 in step 137 . the cushioning pad 18 is permanently affixed in the cavity 28 in step 139 . after the pad 18 is affixed in the cavity 28 , the upper 12 , the insole 14 , and the outside 16 ( with the affixed pad 18 ) are bonded together , in a simultaneous or pseudo - simultaneous fashion , to form the shoe 10 according to the invention using , e . g ., injection molding which is commonly known in the art ( step 138 ). this particular embodiment of the method of the invention is useful when , e . g ., it is more cost - efficient to manufacture the upper 12 , the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 at a single factory location . fig9 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of the molding process in making a shoe according to the invention . the embodied molding process of fig9 is suitable for making a bonded insole / outsole 10 a ( as shown in fig6 - 7 ) in an oem production arrangement . elements of a shoe according to the invention ( as shown in fig1 - 3 ) are also referred to herein in describing this embodiment of the molding process of the invention . referring to fig9 a mold suitable for molding an insole 14 and outsole 16 into a bonded insole / outsole 10 a is provided in step 141 . a cushioning pad 18 is attached ( by adhesion , stitching or other means ) to the insole 14 in step 143 . the pad 18 ( with attached insole 14 ) are placed in the mold for injection molding ( step 145 ). after closing the mold , the molding internal for the outsole 16 is heated and then injected into the mold to form the outsole 16 and bond it with the insole 14 with the cushioning pad attached ( step 147 ). that is , the insole 14 and the outsole 16 are molded in a single step . the mold is allowed to cool and the bonded insole / outsole 10 a is removed in step 149 , which is assembled with a pre - fabricated sole ( e . g ., provided by an oem ) to make the sole according to the invention . fig1 is a flow diagram illustrating another embodiment of the molding process in making a shoe according to the invention . the embodied molding process of fig1 is suitable for molding the upper 12 , the insole 14 , and the outsole 16 in a single step . elements of a shoe according to the invention ( as shown in fig1 - 3 ) are also referred to herein in describing this embodiment of the molding process of the invention . referring to fig1 , a mold suitable for molding the insole 14 , the upper 12 , and the outsole 16 is provided in step 151 . the insole 14 is attached with the material for the upper 12 by , e . g ., adhesion or stitching , etc . ( step 153 ). the cushioning pad 18 , the material for the upper 12 ( with the insole 14 attached ) are placed in the mold for injection molding ( step 155 ). after closing the mold , the molding material for the outsole 16 is heated and then injected into the mold , so that the outsole 16 is formed encapsulating the pad 18 and securely bonded with the insole 14 and the upper 12 ( step 157 ). the mold is allowed to cool and the finished shoe is removed in step 159 . the outsole 16 is formed , molded and bonded to the insole 14 and the upper 12 , as described herein , in a single molding step . the molding apparatus suitable for the molding used in the various embodiments of the invention may be of any suitable type . particularly preferred is injection molding which utilizes any suitably known injection molding apparatus , the construction and operation thereof are well known in the art . alternative molding techniques may also be employed , depending on the nature of the molding material used . in another embodiment of the invention , the cavity 28 is defined by a plurality of ribs 32 integrally formed on the peripheral wall 20 of the outsole . the cushioning pad 18 is placed in the cavity 28 which is defined by the ribs 32 . the peripheral wall 20 and bottom of the outsole are molded in a first stage . the pad 18 is made separately . the ribs 32 arc molded in a second stage . the pad 18 is permanently affixed by adhesion to the floor 30 in the cavity 28 and to the surrounding ribs after the ribs 32 are molded . the outsole 16 ( with the affixed pad 18 ) are then bonded with the upper sole 12 and insole 14 to form the shoe 10 according to the invention . in another embodiment of the invention , the cavity 28 is defined by a plurality of ribs 32 integrally formed on the peripheral wall 20 of the outsole . the cushioning pad 18 is placed in the cavity 28 which is defined by the ribs 32 . the peripheral wall 20 and bottom of the outsole are molded in a first stage . the pad 18 is made separately . the ribs 32 are molded in a second stage . the pad 18 is permanently affixed by adhesion to the floor 30 in the cavity 28 and to the surrounding ribs after the ribs 32 are molded . the outsole 16 ( with the affixed pad 18 ) are then bonded with the upper 12 and insole 14 to form the shoe 10 according to the invention . the inner periphery of cavity 28 and pad 18 are sized and shaped to correspond to one another , and to the contours of the peripheral wall 20 of outsole 16 . pad 18 is typically made of eva , although other resilient , flexible materials are possible as noted above . pad 18 has an upper surface 36 that is juxtaposed with the insole 14 and an edge 38 that is positioned adjacent the periphery 34 of cavity 28 during assembly of shoe 10 . heel 40 and toe 42 caps are provided to receive a corresponding heel 44 and toe 46 of the upper 12 , respectively , for facilitating the adhesive bonding of these structures together . prior to assembly of the upper 12 and outsole 16 , as mentioned above , the pad 18 can be molded in place onto the floor 30 as follows . a preformed pad 18 is placed in cavity 28 then a layer 48 is applied of a conventional tpr material or one of the preferred materials mentioned above that adhesively bonds to the top 36 and edge 38 surfaces of the pad , acting further to mold these surfaces to the floor 30 and ribs 32 that comprise inner periphery 34 or cavity 28 . the pad 18 can also be molded by conventional injection molding , in a relatively simultaneous step along with the outsole 16 . referring to fig1 - 13 , pad 18 extends between peripheral wails 20 and fills cavity 28 , whereas fig1 - 14 alternatively show ribs 32 being present in plantar region 22 such that the polymeric material of injection molded pad 18 is found within the comb structure between ribs 32 . because the polymeric material of ribs 32 and outsole 16 can be the same or different than pad 18 , it is possible to have different regions of outsole 16 with differing densities . although the invention has been particularly shown and described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof , the embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein . it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications in form and detail may be made therein without departing form the spirit and scope of the invention . similarly , any process steps described herein may be interchangeable with other steps in order to achieve the same result . all such modifications are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the invention , which is defined by the following claims and their equivalents .