reactions of chitosan with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and ethylene oxide 25 g ( 0 . 155 mol ) chitosan with a limit viscosity number of η = 1600 ml / g and 76 % free amine , are dissolved in 5 l water with the equimolar amount of hydrochloric acid , and subsequently , by means of adjustment of a ph value of 9 . 5 with caustic soda , precipitated . the precipitated and evacuated water - containing chitosan is stirred in an autoclave ( 2 l interior space ) with 28 ml ethylene oxide and 50 . 3 g of 55 % aqueous glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution for 6 hours at 80 ° c . therewith a pressure rise to 3 . 5 bar is registered . the clear , water - soluble reaction product , which has a honey - like consistency , is precipitated by means of dripping into 20 l acetone under strong stirring , evacuated and then dried in a vacuum at 50 ° c . for a calculation of the degree of substitution , initially the molar amount of titratable nitrogen n t [ mmol / g ] is determined by means of non - aqueous filtration with perchloric acid . the average molecular weight of a substituted chitosan unit is calculated therefrom as follows : ## equ1 ## the following equation applies for m molecular weight of a quaternary group r 3 from the formula i ( wherein r 4 is ch 3 ; x is cl )= 152 [ g / mol ] molecular weight of an ethylene oxide group r 2 from formula i = 44 [ g / mol ] m = degree of substitution of the employed chitosan with acetyl groups ( with 60 - 96 % free amino groups the degree of substitution amounts to 0 . 04 - 0 . 4 ) for a calculation of the degree of substitution with cationic groups r 3 , one refers to the colloid titration of the cationic groups with polyvinyl sulfate - potassium salt solution . the equation is ## equ2 ## from this , the degree of substitution with ethyl groups can be calculated as follows : ## equ3 ## 25 g chitosan ( 0 . 155 mol ) are prepared for reaction by means of precipitation as in example 1 . thereafter the chitosan is reacted at 80 ° c . for 6 hours under stirring in an autoclave with 30 . 2 ml ethylene oxide and 47 . 1 g of a 55 % aqueous solution of glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride . the not - completely water - soluble reaction product is diluted with water to about 5 l , and then filtered clear through plate filters . the solution is then concentrated again to about 2 l in a rotation evaporator . by means of dripping into 10 l acetone , the reaction product is precipitated , then evacuated and dried in a vacuum at 50 ° c . 100 g chitosan ( 0 . 62 mol ) with a limit viscosity number η = 140 ml / g and a free amine content of 86 % are dispersed in 5 l water and then dissolved with the equivalent amount of hydrochloric acid . subsequently , by means adjustment of a ph - value of 9 . 5 with caustic soda , the chitosan is again precipitated . the reprecipitated , water - containing chitosan is subsequently reacted in an autoclave for 6 hours at 80 ° c . with 112 ml ethylene oxide and 233 . 2 g of a 55 % aqueous solution of glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride . the clear , water - soluble product is then precipitated by means of dripping into 20 l acetone under strong stirring , followed by evacuation and then drying in a vacuum at 50 ° c . ______________________________________0 . 6 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 3 ( η = 46 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 1 . 56 ) 73 . 8 g water25 . 0 g isopropanol0 . 4 g 10 % formic acid0 . 2 g perfume oil100 . 0 g______________________________________ 20 ml of this solution are distributed onto washed , hand - towel - dried hair ; the hair is then set in customary manner into a hairdo ; and then dried . with good strengthening activity the hair displays , in comparison to a hair strengthener based upon chitosan / formic acid , a softer , more pleasant feel . ______________________________________1 . 00 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 2 ( η = 513 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 3 . 1 ) 1 . 00 g lactic acid0 . 10 g cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride , 50 % aqueous solution0 . 05 g acid brown 4 ( c . i . 41 805 ) 97 . 85 g water100 . 00 g______________________________________ 20 ml of this solution are distributed onto washed , hand - towel - dried hair ; the hair is set in customary manner and then dried . the hair subsequently displays a light red - brown coloration . ______________________________________0 . 60 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 2 ( η = 513 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 3 . 1 ) 0 . 15 g 1 , 4 - di ( β - hydroxyethylamino )- 2 - nitro - 5 - chlorobenzene25 . 00 g ethanol74 . 25 g water100 . 00 g______________________________________ 20 ml of this solution are distributed onto washed , hand - towel - dried hair , after which the hair is set and then dried . the hair is colored red - violet and strengthened . ______________________________________1 . 00 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 1 ( η = 610 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 42 ; hydroxyethyl groups 0 . 87 ) 40 . 00 g lauryl alcohol diglycol ether sulfate - sodium salt , 28 % aqueous solution4 . 00 g sodium chloride0 . 05 g dye54 . 85 g water0 . 10 g formaldehyde , 25 % aqueous solution100 . 00 g______________________________________ a clear shampoo is obtained . the hair washed with this shampoo is excellently conditioned with respect to grip , luster and combability . as a result of the compatibility of the quaternary chitosan derivative with alkyl ether sulfate , the above set forth shampoo can be provided , with which a simultaneous cleaning and care of the hair is possible . ______________________________________2 . 00 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 1 ( η = 46 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 1 . 56 ) 40 . 00 g dimethyl - carboxymethylene - propylenamido - stearate betaine , 35 % aqueous solution5 . 06 g formic acid , 10 % 3 . 50 g cocos fatty acid diethanol amide1 . 00 g picramic acid ( c . i . 76 540 ), 1 % aqueous solution48 . 44 g water , completely desalted100 . 00 g______________________________________ the hair is shampooed with about 20 g of the above composition . after a penetration period of 5 - 10 minutes , the hair is rinsed with water . the hair is toned yellow - orange and excellently conditioned , particularly with regard to grip and combability . ______________________________________0 . 30 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 3 ( η = 46 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 1 . 56 ) 4 . 00 g cetyl stearyl alcohol1 . 48 g lactic acid , 10 % 2 . 50 g cocos ( pentaethoxy ) methyl ammonium chloride1 . 00 g sorbitane monopalmitate with 20 mol ethylene oxide90 . 72 g water , completely desalted100 . 00 g______________________________________ ______________________________________2 . 10 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 1 ( η = 610 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 42 ; hydroxyethyl groups 0 . 87 ) 0 . 60 g hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose0 . 50 g lauryl pyridinium chloride96 . 80 g water , completely desalted100 . 00 g ( adjusted to ph 5 . 0 with 10 % formic acid ) ______________________________________ in each case 35 g of the hair treatment composition according to example 9 , respectively 10 , are distributed onto washed hair , and then rinsed out with water after a penetration period of 3 - 5 minutes . the result is an outstanding grip , luster as well as combability of the hair . ______________________________________0 . 30 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 3 ( η = 46 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 1 . 56 ) 3 . 00 g stearyl alcohol1 . 00 g wool fatty alcohol ( adeps lanae ) 1 . 00 g vaseline ® 0 . 76 g lactic acid , 10 % 1 . 00 g sodium cetyl stearyl sulfate92 . 94 g water , completely desalted100 . 00 g______________________________________ ______________________________________0 . 50 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 2 ( η = 513 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 3 . 1 ) 12 . 00 g cetyl stearyl alcohol0 . 10 g parahydroxy benzoic acid ethyl ester6 . 00 g lauryl alcohol - diglycol ether sulfate - sodium salt ( 28 % aqueous solution ) 0 . 50 g perfume oil79 . 31 g water0 . 50 g 1 - hydroxy - 2 - amino - 4 - nitrobenzene ( c . i . 76 530 ) 0 . 85 g 1 , 4 - diamino - 2 - nitrobenzene ( c . i . 76 070 ) 0 . 24 g sodium hydroxide100 . 00 g______________________________________ approximately 30 - 40 g are distributed onto washed hair , and then rinsed out after a penetration period of 20 minutes . the hair is colored reddish , and displays a good combability and a pleasant feel . ______________________________________0 . 50 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 2 ( η = 513 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 3 . 1 ) 0 . 08 g 3 , 5 - diamino - 2 , 6 - dimethoxy - pyridin - dihydrochloride0 . 30 g 1 , 4 - diaminobenzene0 . 25 g resorcin0 . 30 g sodium sulfite3 . 50 g lauryl alcohol - diglycol ether sulfate - sodium salt ( 28 % aqueous solution ) 15 . 00 g cetyl alcohol3 . 00 g ammonia77 . 07 g water100 . 00 g______________________________________ 50 g of this hair - coloring composition are mixed with 50 ml of 6 % hydrogen peroxide solution and then applied onto white hair . after 30 minutes , the hair is rinsed with water and then dried . the hair has obtained a natural - looking matt - blond coloration as well as a natural pleasant feel . ______________________________________0 . 50 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 3 ( η = 46 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 1 . 56 ) 10 . 00 g thioglycol acid8 . 00 g ammonia , 25 % 6 . 10 g ammonium hydrogen carbonate75 . 40 g water100 . 00 g______________________________________ for use one applies this permanent - waving composition uniformly onto curlered , hand - towel - dried hair , and allows it to penetrate for approximately 20 minutes . thereafter , the hair is rinsed out with water and in known manner oxidatively treated . a good waving result is obtained , and the hair feels natural and soft . ______________________________________0 . 70 g quaternary chitosan derivative according to example 3 ( η = 46 ml / g ; degree of substitution = cationic groups 0 . 48 ; hydroxyethyl groups 1 . 56 ) 1 . 50 g formic acid , 10 % 0 . 80 g perfume0 . 10 g chloracetamide ( preservative ) 96 . 90 g water , completely desalted100 . 00 g______________________________________ 20 ml of this solution are applied onto washed and hand - towel - dried hair . the hair is then set and dried . with a good strengthening effect , the hair also displays a pleasant , soft feel . it will be understood that each of the elements described above , or two or more together , may also find a useful application in other types of compositions differing from the types described above . while the invention has been described and illustrated as embodied in cosmetic compositions for the treatment of hair or skin , quaternary macromolecular polymeric compounds derived from chitosan and processes for the production thereof , it is not intended to be limited to the details shown , since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention . without further analysis , the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can , by applying current knowledge , readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that , from the standpoint of prior art , fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention . what is claimed as new and desirous of being protected by letters patent is set forth in the appended claims .