fig1 is a perspective view of a remote dispensing system 10 located at a decentralized location according to one embodiment of the present invention . the system 10 illustrated in fig1 may be comprised of , for example , an acudose - rx ™ cabinet 12 ( available from mckesson automation inc ., 700 waterfront drive , pittsburgh , pa .) having a control computer 14 , and an acudose - rx ™ auxiliary cabinet 16 . a supply tower 18 is also illustrated . the control computer 14 controls the operation of the cabinet 12 , auxiliary cabinet 16 , and supply tower 18 . the control computer 14 may include a memory device ( not shown , such as a disk drive , tape drive , cd - rom drive , etc .) having a local database . the local database may contain inventory , user , and patient information ( among others ). alternatively , the control computer 14 may be in communication with another computer ( for example , located at the centralized storage location ) having a central database which contains the inventory , user , and patient information ( among others ). the control computer 14 accepts entry of inventory , user , patient , and other information via a keyboard 20 , scanning device 22 , and datalink ( not shown ), among others . the control computer 14 , in programmed interaction with the entered information , provides output information to a display 24 , printer ( not shown ), etc . and provides output control signals to the cabinet 12 , auxiliary cabinet 16 , and supply tower 18 , etc . the control computer 14 may be programmed to regulate access to the system &# 39 ; s cabinets 12 , 16 and supply tower 18 and to generate records related to access , inventory , etc . the records may be stored in the local database , displayed on the display 24 , printed by a printer unit , or transmitted to a central database ( among others ). the control computer 14 may be preprogrammed with appropriate information regarding the medication types associated with , and their exact location within , each cabinet 12 , auxiliary cabinet 16 and supply tower 18 . the programming may , for example , be entered directly into the control computer 14 or downloaded from the central database . as will be discussed in greater detail in conjunction with fig5 and 6 , a user logs onto the control computer 14 to perform a dispensing operation . after log - on , patient information and information regarding items to be dispensed are entered . based on the entered information , the appropriate drawers 26 in the cabinet 12 and the auxiliary cabinet 16 , and various doors 28 on the supply tower 18 are unlocked . the user then accesses the unlocked drawers 26 and doors 28 and removes the appropriate item . after the item to be dispensed has been removed , its removal is recorded at the control computer 14 . the record may be entered manually by the user or automatically by a feedback signal . the user may continue to dispense items for the identified patient , enter patient information for another patient , or logoff . entry of information , including log - in , can be performed in a variety of ways with a variety of input devices , for example , using the keyboard 20 and barcode scanning 22 . additional input devices or input means , for example , a touch screen , selecting items from a pick list , rf id ), flash memory , magnetic strips , ocr ( none of which are shown ), etc ., may also be used . the reader will understand that the hardware illustrated in fig1 is exemplary and is illustrated for purposes of demonstrating one type of hardware which may be located at the decentralized location . the hardware illustrated in fig1 limits access to the items to be dispensed to those individuals who have properly logged on . thus , the hardware illustrated in fig1 is referred to as a closed system for performing dispensing operations because a dispensing operation cannot be performed unless the user is identified to , and recognized by , the control computer 14 . it should be noted that in the current embodiment , a limited access manual override system is also provided . access is limited to individuals having keys to the rear of the acudose - rx cabinet 12 , acudose - rx auxiliary cabinet 16 , and acudose - rx supply tower 18 . fig2 is a perspective view of one type of a lockable drawer 26 for use with the dispensing system 10 shown in fig1 according to one embodiment of the present invention . for example , the lockable drawer 26 may be one of the drawers 26 from the acudose - rxtm cabinet 12 or from the auxiliary cabinet 16 . lockable drawer 26 is comprised of a housing 30 , a frame 31 , and a pair of slides 32 ( one of which is seen in fig2 ) which enable the frame 31 to move relative to the housing 30 . as illustrated in fig2 , five ( 5 ) bin row assemblies 34 , each having five ( 5 ) bins 36 are secured to the frame 31 . the frame 31 and bin row assemblies 34 are slidably moveable between a closed position within the housing 30 and an open position outside of the housing 30 . it should be noted that the housing 30 may have a single frame 31 ( with a plurality of bin row assemblies 34 secured thereto , for example , as shown in fig2 ) or with a number of frames 31 ( each having a single bin row assembly 34 secured thereto , for example ) each mounted on corresponding slides 31 . for simplicity , in the current embodiment the bins 36 are numbered from left - to - right and from back - to - front , relative to the lockable drawer 26 . thus as illustrated , the first bin row assembly 34 is comprised of bins 1 - 5 , the second bin row assembly 34 is comprised of bins 6 - 10 , the third bin row assembly 34 is comprised of bins 11 - 15 , etc . it should be noted that the number of bin row assemblies 34 per drawer 26 , the number of bins 36 per bin row assembly 34 , and the scheme used to number the bin row assemblies 34 and bins 36 may be altered while remaining within the scope of the present invention . the bin row assemblies 34 , to facilitate restocking procedures or changing of inventory , are separable from the open drawer 26 . for example if the bins 6 - 10 need to be restocked , the second bin row assembly may be removed from the open drawer 26 , taken to the central storage location , restocked , and then returned to the open drawer 26 , or swapped out with another bin row assembly , i . e ., the second bin row assembly may be removed from the open drawer 26 and a previously stocked replacement bin row assembly 34 may be substituted in place of the second bin row assembly . fig3 a - 3f are perspective , front , left side , right side , top , and exploded views , respectively , of a bin row assembly 34 for the dispensing system 10 shown in fig1 according to one embodiment of the present invention . as best seen in fig3 e , the bin row assembly 34 is comprised of a base 38 , front wall 40 , back wall 42 , side wall 44 , and interior partitions 46 . as illustrated , the bin row assembly 34 in the current embodiment contains five ( 5 ) bins 36 . the front wall 40 includes a lip 48 and one or more spacers 50 configured to receive a power control circuit board 52 . the power control circuit board 52 is positioned under the lip 48 , abutting the spacers 50 , and attached to the front wall 40 ( for example , with screws ). the lip 48 includes a slotted indicator window 54 and a latching mechanism aperture 56 for each bin 36 . a lid 58 is attached to the back wall 42 of each bin 36 via a hinge mechanism 60 . when the lid 58 is in the closed position , a notched tab 62 on the lid 58 enters the aperture 56 in the lip 48 and engages with a touch latch 63 that is mounted to the bin 36 ( for example , on the lip 48 under the aperture 56 , among others ). the touch latch 63 , as is known in the art , operates by pushing the notched tab 62 on the lid 58 into the touch latch 63 . the notched tab 62 “ hooks ” with the touch latch 63 . referring briefly to fig3 h , a touch latch is illustrated in the hooked position . thus , the lid 58 is closed it by pushing it down until the touch latch 63 latches and holds it closed . the lid 58 is opened by pushing down on the lid 58 again which causes the touch latch 63 to release ( i . e ., “ unhook ”) the lid 58 . referring briefly to fig3 g , a touch latch is illustrated in the unhooked position . when closed , the lid 58 may be locked in place by a lock assembly 66 ( shown in fig4 a - 4c ) contained on the power control circuit board 52 . in the current embodiment , each bin 36 has a lid 58 associated therewith . additionally , each lid 58 may be constructed of a transparent material so that both the contents of the bin 36 and the slotted indicator window 54 can be viewed when the lid 58 is in the closed position . when a lid 58 is in the closed position ( i . e ., engaged by the touch latch 63 ) and locked by the lock assembly 66 , the slotted indicator window 54 displays a first color ( for example , red ) indicating to the user that the lid 58 cannot be opened . when the lid 58 is unlocked by the lock assembly 66 , the slotted indicator window 54 displays another color ( for example , green ) indicating to the user that the lid 58 can be opened . it should be noted that in the current embodiment , the indicator can be viewed even when the lid 58 remains closed . it should further be noted that other types of mechanical indicators may be used that permit the indicator to be viewed when the lid 58 is closed while remaining within the scope of the present invention . it should be noted that an assembly having an alternative latching / locking means may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention . for example , a lid 58 may have a notched tab 62 that is engaged by the lock assembly 66 without using a touch latch 63 . in one instance , the lock assembly &# 39 ; s catch 74 may engage the notched tab 62 when the lid is in a closed position . it should further be noted that , although the bin row assembly 34 of the current embodiment has five ( 5 ) bins , the number of bins 36 may be varied while remaining with the scope of the present invention . additionally , certain bins 36 may not have a lid 58 associated therewith , for example , a bin 36 containing non - regulated supplies may not have a lid 58 . fig4 a illustrates a power control circuit board 52 for the bin row assembly 34 of fig3 a according to one embodiment of the present invention . fig4 b - 4d are detailed , exploded , and sectional views of a portion of the power control circuit board 52 for the bin row assembly 34 illustrated in fig4 a according to one embodiment of the present invention . referring to fig4 a , power control circuit board 52 is comprised of a backing plate 64 with five ( 5 ) latch assemblies 66 ( i . e ., one associated with each bin 36 ) and a connector 68 attached thereto . the connector 68 is used to connect signal and power conductors for each lock assembly 66 to the system 10 . for example , the connector 68 couples with a complimentary connector ( not shown ) that is in electrical communication with the control computer 14 . the complimentary connector in the present embodiment is located on the drawer 26 . as best seen in fig4 c , in the current embodiment each locking assembly 66 includes a solenoid 70 , pivot arm 72 , catch 74 . the catch 74 , in the current embodiment , includes the mechanical indicator for notifying the user whether the bin 36 is locked or unlocked . the lock assembly 66 may also include a relay 82 , hall - effect sensor 84 , as well as associated hardware , for example , flat washers 76 , fastener standoff 78 , and screws 80 , among others . in the current embodiment , latching solenoids 70 are used . a latching solenoid 70 refers to a solenoid 70 that does not have a default mechanical state and must receive an electrical pulse to change states . for , example in the current embodiment , the catch 74 slides from side to side to lock and unlock the lid 58 . when the catch 74 is engaged ( i . e ., the lid 58 is locked ), the notched tab 62 of the lid 58 is prevented from being pushed down far enough to change the state of ( i . e ., engage or disengage ) the touch latch . if power is removed from the latching solenoid 70 , the catch 74 remains engaged . the catch 74 remains engaged until a control pulse is applied to the latching solenoid 70 . likewise , when a bin 36 is unlocked , the catch 74 is disengaged . if power is removed from the latching solenoid 70 , the catch 74 remains disengaged . the catch 74 remains disengaged until a control pulse is applied to the latching solenoid 70 . thus , the use of latching solenoids 70 reduces the amount of power needed to operate the dispensing system 10 . it should be noted that other means for moving the catch 74 ( for example , a non - latching solenoid , a motor , a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder , an actuator , an electromagnet , etc .) may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention . referring now to fig4 b , the lock assembly 66 is shown in the locked ( i . e ., engaged ) position . for simplicity , the notched tab 62 and touch latch 63 are not shown in fig4 b . when an electrical pulse is applied via the relay 82 to the solenoid 70 , the solenoid plunger 71 extends ( moves to the left as shown ), causing the pivot arm 72 to rotate clockwise about its pivot point . the pivot arm 72 , in turn , causes the catch 74 to unlock ( i . e ., move to the right as shown ) the lid 58 . when the lock assembly 66 is in the disengaged position and an electrical pulse with opposite polarity is applied to the solenoid 70 via the relay 82 , the solenoid plunger 71 retracts ( moves to the right as shown ), causing the pivot arm 72 to rotate counterclockwise about its pivot point . the pivot arm 72 , in turn , causes the catch 74 to unlock ( i . e ., move to the left as shown ) the lid 58 . the hall - effect sensor 84 produces a feedback signal ( that is sent to the control computer 14 ) indicative of whether the lid 58 is closed or open . as discussed above , when the lock assembly 66 is engaged , the notched tab 62 of the lid 58 is prevented from being pushed down far enough to change the state of ( i . e ., engage or disengage ) the touch latch 63 . thus , it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the direction of travel of the catch 74 to lock and unlock the lid may be changed while remaining within the scope of the present invention . in the current embodiment , the locking / unlocking and the mechanical indication of the bin &# 39 ; s status ( i . e ., locked or unlocked ) are combined in a unitary function , i . e ., as the bin is locked or unlocked , the mechanical indicator changes state . the catch 74 , for example , may have an indicia ( such as colors , words , symbols , marks , etc .) representative of whether the catch is engaged ( i . e ., the bin 36 is locked ) or disengaged ( i . e ., the bin 36 is unlocked ). for example as discussed in conjunction with fig3 a - 3f , catch 74 may have red colored portions and green colored portions which show through the indicator window 54 when the bin in locked and unlocked , respectively . it should be noted , however , that other mechanical indicia , such as raising a flag or pin , rotating a cylinder having “ locked ” on one portion and “ unlocked ” on another portion , turning a dial , etc . may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention . also , the function need not be unitary , that is , the bin may be locked or unlocked followed by the mechanical indicator changing state . it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that any mechanical indicator that is responsive to the lock assembly 66 may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention . fig5 illustrates an operational process 500 for dispensing items at a remote dispensing system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention . operation 500 is initialized by a user logging onto the remote dispensing system &# 39 ; s control computer 14 at operation 501 . in the current embodiment , the remote dispensing system 10 includes a control computer 14 , acudose - rx cabinet 12 , acudose - rx auxiliary cabinet 16 , and a supply tower 16 as discussed in conjunction with fig1 . after logging onto the control computer 14 , the user is granted access to the remote dispensing system 10 in operation 502 . in the current embodiment , the access may be either restricted or unrestricted . restricted access allows the user to access fewer than all of the drawers 26 and bins 36 located at the remote dispensing station 10 and prevents the user from removing some or all of the bin row assemblies 34 from a drawer 26 . on the contrary , unrestricted access allows the user access to all of the drawers 26 and bins 34 located at the remote dispensing station 10 and allows the user to removing all of the bin row assemblies 34 from a drawer 26 . the control computer 14 then accepts dispensing information from said user in operation 503 . in the current embodiment , dispensing information may include inventory , user , patient , and prescription information , among others . the dispensing information may be entered via a keyboard 20 , scanning device 22 , and datalink ( not shown ), among others . after accepting the dispensing information , the drawers 26 containing the items to be dispensed are unlocked in operation 504 . in the current embodiment , the control computer 14 , in programmed interaction with the entered information , provides the output control signals for unlocking the drawers 26 of the cabinet 12 , auxiliary cabinet 16 , and supply tower 18 . the bins 36 within the unlocked drawers 26 , which contain the items to be dispensed , are unlocked in operation 505 . in the current embodiment , the bins 36 contain a mechanism that not only locks / unlocks the bin 36 , but also simultaneously indicates to the user whether the bin 36 is locked or unlocked . in the current embodiment , a mechanical indicator is used which can be viewed when the bin &# 39 ; s lid 58 is closed . it should be noted that even when unlocked , the bin &# 39 ; s lid 58 remains closed until lifted by the user , or the lid can be spring loaded so the pushing down on an unlocked lid causes the lid to spring up . once the bin ( s ) 36 have been unlocked , the user can remove the desired item and close the bin lid 58 . typically , the user then enters information into computer 14 to create a dispensing record . in the current embodiment , feedback signals are sent from the bins 36 to the control computer . the feedback signals may be used , among others , to verify whether a drawer 26 , bin 36 , etc . is locked or unlocked , and whether a bin &# 39 ; s lid 58 is opened or closed . after the remote dispensing station 10 verifies that the user has closed the unlocked bin ( s ) 36 and closed the drawer 26 in operation 506 , the closed bins 36 and closed drawer 26 are locked in operation 507 . as discussed above , the mechanism used not only locks / unlocks the bin 36 , but also simultaneously indicates to the user whether the bin 36 is locked or unlocked . a mechanical indicator is used which can be viewed when the bin &# 39 ; s lid 58 is closed . after the opened bins 36 and drawers 26 are locked in operation 507 , the user indicates whether another dispense is desired in operation 508 . if another dispense is desired , operational process 600 returns to operation 603 and the user enters new dispensing information . if another dispensing operation is not desired , the user is logged off of the control computer 14 in operation 509 . fig6 illustrates an operational process 600 for restocking dispensed items with the remote dispensing system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention . operation 600 is initiated by operation 601 when the remote dispensing system 10 detects that a bin row assembly 34 within the remote system 10 is depleted or below par ( i . e ., below an acceptable inventory level ). in the current embodiment , the control computer 14 may be manually notified by a user , notified by a centralized computer , or the control computer 14 may automatically detect , that a bin row assembly 34 has been selected ( i . e ., it is depleted or below par ). the remote dispensing system 10 then unlocks the drawer 26 containing the selected bin row assembly 34 in operation 602 . in the current embodiment , the user is notified of which drawer 26 has been unlocked on the control computer display 14 . alternatively , an indicator located on the cabinet or auxiliary cabinet may also be used to notify the user . the selected bin row assembly 34 , within the unlocked drawer 26 , is then identified in operation 603 . in the current embodiment , the selected bin row assembly 34 is identified on the control computer display 24 . alternatively , an indicator located on the drawer , cabinet , or auxiliary cabinet may also be used to identify the selected bin row assembly 34 . after the selected bin row assembly 34 has been identified , the user removes the selected bin row assembly 34 from the drawer 26 in operation 604 . in one embodiment , the bin row assembly 34 can be secured within the drawer 26 such that a user having restricted access ( as discussed in conjunction with fig5 ) can only remove the selected bin row assembly 34 from the drawer 26 that has been unsecured by the control computer 14 . the user having restricted access is unable to remove the bin row assemblies that remain secured . a restocked bin row assembly 34 is then inserted into the drawer 26 in operation 605 . in the current embodiment , the restocked bin row assembly 34 is filled at a centralized storage location . each bin in the restocked bin row assembly 34 is locked at the centralized storage location , prior to transporting the restocked bin row assembly 34 to the remote dispensing system 10 . after the restocked bin row assembly 34 is inserted into the unlocked drawer 26 and the drawer 26 is closed , the control computer 14 locks the drawer 26 in operation 606 . operational process 600 is then terminated in operation 607 . fig7 a - 7c are an electrical schematic of an input / output interface circuit 86 and a manual override interface circuit 94 for the remote dispensing system 10 illustrated in fig1 according to an embodiment of the present invention . the input / output interface circuit includes filters 87 , flip - flops 88 , inverters 89 , and buffers 90 , among others . column select and row select input bits on pins 91 , sent from control computer 14 , are received by the input output interface circuit 86 , inverted , buffered and output to a relay select circuit 92 ( discussed in conjunction with fig8 ) via row select and column select pins 93 . fig7 also illustrates a manual override interface circuit 94 , which in conjunction with a flip - flop 88 a , may be used to disable the row and column select inputs 91 should a manual override be instituted . fig7 also illustrates a start transaction bit carried on line 102 which is input to a power drive 104 through a one - shot 106 . finally , a flip - flop 88 is used to generate signals for determining the direction needed to drive the solenoids 70 . it should be noted that alternative input / output interface and manual override interface circuits may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention . fig8 is an electrical schematic of a relay select circuit 92 for the remote dispensing system 10 illustrated in fig1 according to an embodiment of the present invention . in the current embodiment , the relay select circuit 92 has a row select circuit 108 and a column select circuit 110 that receive signals from the row select and column select pins 93 of the input / output interface circuit 86 . the row select circuit 108 and column select circuit 110 each fire one of a plurality of output lines that feed a grid or matrix of relay circuits 95 . in the current embodiment , each bin 36 in the remote dispensing station 10 has a corresponding relay circuit 95 . if a given relay circuit 95 receives both a row select signal ( e . g ., “ x ”) and a column select signal ( e . g ., “ y ”), the relay for that “ x - y ” coordinate is selected . the output of the relay circuit 95 is used to pulse the latching mechanism &# 39 ; s 66 latching solenoid 70 for the desired bin 36 , thus locking or unlocking the bin 36 . it should be noted that an alternative relay select circuits or other circuits may be used to actuate the latching mechanism 66 for locking and unlocking the bins 36 while remaining within the scope of the present invention . fig9 is an electrical schematic of a manual override sequence control circuit 96 for the remote dispensing system 10 illustrated in fig1 according to an embodiment of the present invention . the circuit of fig9 is comprised of a pair of counters that enable each bin 36 of a selected drawer 26 to be separately and sequentially addressed and unlocked , before proceeding to the next drawer and separately and sequentially addressing and unlocking all of the bins 36 in that drawer 26 . in this manner , the power requirements are maintained at an acceptable level . a similar scheme could be implemented with the control computer 14 if it is still functioning and an override is needed for some reasons other than a control computer 14 malfunction . it should be noted that the actual sequence employed , as well as the auto - sequence circuit used for the manual override ( among others ) may be varied while remaining within the scope of the present invention . fig1 is an electrical schematic of a portion of a feedback circuit for the remote dispensing system 10 illustrated in fig1 according to an embodiment of the present invention . as discussed , the latching mechanism 66 for each bin 36 produces one or more feedback signals . for example , a feedback signal may indicate that the lid 58 is opened or closed ( e . g ., designated as 0 / c in fig1 ). in the current embodiment , the feedback signal for the bins 36 in each column ( i . e ., within a drawer 26 ) are sent to a feedback selector 114 . it should be noted that only one feedback selector 114 is shown in fig1 for simplicity . although not shown in fig1 , the feedback circuit includes a number of feedback selectors 114 to receive feedback from each bin 36 . the output of the feedback selectors 114 are then sent to the control computer 14 ( e . g ., via pin port 3 bit 0 ). it should be noted that other feedback circuits may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention . it should be recognized that the above - described embodiments of the invention are intended to be illustrative only . numerous alternative embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the following claims .