[ 0026 ] fig1 is block diagram illustrating a gaming environment employing couponing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . a player 100 uses a cashless enabled gaming machine 102 to play a gambling game or game of skill . as the player plays the game , a master promotional controller 104 coupled to one or more cashless enabled gaming machines through a communications network 106 triggers the generation of promotional coupons 108 for use by the player . the promotional coupons are generated by a promotional gaming printer 109 included in a cashless enabled gaming machine . the master promotional controller can either be a controller network connected to one or more gaming promotional printers , a controller within a cashless enabled gaming machine or gaming promotional printer , or an intelligent routing and management device for one or more gaming promotional printers . in one embodiment of a master promotional controller , the master promotional controller directs the promotional activity of the gaming promotional printers via direct promotional coupon requests . in another embodiment of a master promotional controller , the master promotional controller uses a cashless enabled gaming machine &# 39 ; s gaming promotional printer to store promotional coupon databases and triggers . once a promotional coupon has been issued by a gaming promotional printer , the promotional coupon may be redeemed with a human operator or cashier 110 , or redeemed automatically through a another redemption device , such as a bill acceptor in another cashless enabled gaming machine 112 , or redeemed at a kiosk 114 which is not a game but provides some other form of automatic interface for a promotional coupon holder . in one embodiment of a master promotional controller , the master promotional controller is coupled to the redemption devices . in another embodiment of an master promotional controller , a non - game kiosk or casino personnel may or may not interface back to the master promotional controller when redeeming a promotional coupon . information relative to couponing activity is exchanged with the master promotional controller , the net result being the gaming promotional printers fitting into the system as distributed intelligent sub - units , significantly off - loading the master promotional controller &# 39 ; s real time servicing requirements and avoiding network bandwidth issues associated with live streaming of promotional coupons during a relatively short cash - out time window . in one gaming environment employing couponing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention , each gaming promotional printer in the gaming environment has a unique address or identifier so that a population of gaming promotional printers on the network can be addressed in whole or individually for promotional purposes . [ 0030 ] fig2 is a deployment diagram of a couponing system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . in a couponing system , a master promotional controller 104 is coupled to one or more cashless enabled gaming machines , as illustrated by cashless enabled gaming machine 102 , through a communications network 106 by coupling to a gaming promotional printer 109 included in the cashless enabled gaming machine . the master promotional controller is programmable and includes master promotional controller programming instructions 201 controlling the master promotional controllers operations including communications with the gaming promotional printer . in one gaming promotional printer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention , a stand alone gaming promotional printer includes all of the necessary processing capabilities , memory , and gaming promotional printer programming instructions 209 needed to perform promotional couponing operations for the cashless enabled gaming machine . in other embodiments of gaming promotional printers , a gaming promotional printer is created by coupling a promotional module 210 to a conventional gaming printer , enabling the gaming printer to function as a gaming promotional printer . a stand alone gaming promotional printer or a gaming promotional printer created from a conventional gaming printer coupled to a promotional module are hereinafter termed a “ gaming promotional printer ”. the master promotional controller may be coupled to a game controller 204 included in the cashless enabled gaming machine . by coupling to a game controller , the master promotional controller may receive information from the game controller about the gaming operations of the cashless enabled gaming machine separately from the gaming promotional printer printing operations . the cashless enabled gaming machine may also include a bill acceptor 206 coupled to the game controller . a cashless enabled gaming machine uses a bill acceptor for redemption of promotional coupons and acceptance of vouchers or cash . in operation , the master promotional controller transmits packets of variable data or coupon data describing a promotional database to the gaming promotional printer . the contents of the promotional database include descriptions of a plurality of promotional coupons , cash vouchers , advertisements or other enticements which are hereinafter collectively referred to as “ coupons ”. the gaming promotional printer receives the promotional database and stores the promotional database in the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s local memory . the gaming promotional printer also stores specifications of how to print the coupons in its local memory . the specifications of the coupons are stored as templates written in a template based printer language . this allows the coupons to be pre - defined , formatted , and stored in the gaming promotional printer completely or partially for later recall . upon reception of a trigger data signal from either the master promotional controller or the game controller , the gaming promotional printer references and parses the promotional database and coupon templates to generate and issue promotional coupons or tickets printed on paper media . the paper media may be used specifically for the purpose of generating promotional coupons , or the paper media may be used for the purpose of printing pay out vouchers associated with cashless gaming . [ 0037 ] fig3 is an illustration of a coupon including logical fields described in a template based printer language in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . in this example , a coupon may 300 include four types of data fields : text fields , such as text field 302 ; barcode fields , such as barcode field 304 ; graphic fields , such as graphic field 306 ; and line / box draw fields , such as line / box draw field 308 . the fields of a coupon are described using coupon description data included in an electronic template that may be stored by a gaming promotional printer . a template may include a plurality of fields in combination , resulting in a paste - up style printed coupon . a plurality of templates describing different types of coupons may be stored in a gaming promotional printer supporting a rich couponing environment . the actual value or data for each of the fields described in a coupon template may or may not be included in the template itself . for example , a template may include a barcode field for printing a barcode 310 . however , the actual value of the barcode is transmitted to a gaming promotional printer at the time a coupon is generated using the coupon template . in this way , a coupon may have fields that include static data , such as graphic 312 in a graphic field , or dynamic data , such as the name of a particular patron 314 in a text field . in this way , customized coupons may be printed by a gaming promotional printer without transferring large amounts of data through a communications network coupling a gaming promotional printer to a master promotional controller . in addition , data that is used to track usage of coupons may be included in a coupon . for example , a barcode field or a text field may be used to print a barcode value or text string uniquely identifying a coupon . in this way , a gaming provisional printer creates an image of a barcode or barcodes , characters or marks that may be read by a cashless enabled gaming machine bill acceptor on the same or another cashless enabled gaming machine , allowing automatic acceptance of coupons into a cashless enabled gaming system in a casino or another related casino property . a coupon template includes a plurality of command strings . each command string conforms to the following syntax : |= pipe character . this serves as the delimiter between data fields in a command . delimiter & lt ; template_cmd_ltr & gt ;|& lt ; t_id & gt ; h | & lt ; targ_mem & gt ;| & lt ; t_dim_da & gt ; | & lt ; t_dim_pa & gt ; | & lt ; pr # 1 & gt ; | & lt ; pr # 2 & gt ; | . . . |& lt ; pr # n & gt ; | delimiter & lt ; pr # 1 & gt ;. . .& lt ; pr # n & gt ;= list of coupon database resident print regions id &# 39 ; s used in the format of this coupon . these fields are the method by which print regions used on a coupon are linked together and to the coupon template . a print region is a print field used in a template to format print data . the print region command is used to define the basic types of print regions such as text , barcode , graphics , and a line / box draw . a define print region command defines the particular font , barcode , graphic , or line style which is to be used , and provides special formatting information on how it is to be used . multiple print regions may be defined and memorized in a gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s coupon database . delimiter & lt ; print_region cmd_ltr & gt ; | & lt ; r_id & gt ;|& lt ; targ_mem & gt ;| & lt ; da_start & gt ; | & lt ; pa_start & gt ;|& lt ; da_len & gt ; | & lt ; pa_len & gt ; | & lt ; rot & gt ; | & lt ; just & gt ; |& lt ; obj_id & gt ; | & lt ; mul — 1 & gt ; | & lt ; mul — 2 & gt ; | & lt ; obj_att & gt ; | & lt ; pr_att & gt ; | & lt ; pr_data & gt ; | delimter & lt ; obj_id & gt ;= print object identifier . range 1 byte . this is the print object ( barcode , font , line / box or graphic ) used to format print the data from a print command . & lt ; mul — 1 & gt ;= print object multiplier 1 . for text , it is a font width multiplier . for barcodes , it indicates narrow bar width or modulo bar width . for a line , this represents thickness of the line in dots . & lt ; mul — 2 & gt ;= print object multiplier 2 . for text , this represents a font height multiplier . for a barcode , it indicates a wide bar width . & lt ; obj_att & gt ;= object printing attributes . this contains special instructions on how to treat the print objects within a print region & lt ; pr_att & gt ;= print region attributes . this contains special instructions on handling of the print region . a ‘ 0 ’ indicates text will be sent in a print batch command . a ‘ 1 ’ indicates use text which follows in pr_data field for a print region . a ‘ 2 ’ indicates a print region will auto increment with each coupon in a batch . the base value is stored in a pr_data field . a ‘ 3 ’ indicates an auto - decrement print region which will auto - decrement with each coupon in a batch . the base value is stored in a pr_data field . & lt ; pr_data & gt ;= permanently stored data which always appears in this print region . this field contains stored text if requested by entering a ‘ 2 ’ in & lt ; pr_att & gt ; field . a library command is used to manage defined graphics . a library command adheres to the following syntax : & lt ; mem_req & gt ;= memory usage specifier . for loading a graphic : size of a graphic file . the library command header is terminated after this field and obj_data is expected immediately following . for deleting graphics : ‘ g ’ is used in this field . obj_data = object data ( font or graphic ) in appropriate format if & lt ; lib_funct & gt ;=‘ a ’. format for graphics : pcx . [ 0084 ] fig4 is a block diagram of coupon template field element stored partially resident in a promotional gaming printer and partially supplied by a master promotional controller at the time of print and issue in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . fig4 illustrates how a master promotional controller selects a type of coupon and transmits particulars , such as variable data to be placed in fields in the coupon , for each print and issuance event . values for the fields that make up a coupon 300 may be divided into two groups or sets . a resident variable data set 400 may be stored locally in a gaming promotional printer . the resident set of variable data may include variable data such as : variable data for a text field containing an identifier of a casino 402 ; variable data for a barcode field identifying a type of promotion 404 ; a template description used to generate a graphic such as box variable data 406 or line variable data 408 ; or an identifier or actual variable data for a graphic 410 . a dynamic variable data set include variable data for fields having variable data that are stored in the gaming promotional printer and are saved in a template definition for a particular coupon . examples of variable data in a dynamic variable data set include : text variable data for a player identifier 414 ; text variable data describing a promotion item 416 ; and barcode variable data 418 for quantifying a value of a promotion for printing on the coupon . both variable data sets may be transmitted from a master promotional controller 104 to a gaming promotional printer in the form of communication packets . when a gaming promotional printer receives a variable data set , the gaming promotional printer stores the variable data set for future use . a resident variable data set includes variable data that may be reused for generating many coupons ; therefore , a resident variable data set may be stored in he gaming promotional printer for an extended period of time . in contrast , a dynamic variable data set may be used for a short period of time , perhaps for even a single generation of a single coupon . as such , the dynamic variable data set and static variable data set associated in a coupon may be transmitted to a gaming promotional printer at different times . to retain association between the variable data sets , part of the communication packet issued by the master promotional controller may include a reference 420 to a template definition so that the dynamic data in the communication packet can be combined 422 with the static field data stored in a gaming promotional printer to generate a complete coupon 200 . since it is possible to store all fields used in a coupon within the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s memory , a master promotional controller may issue a complete coupon by simply sending a reference to a coupon so defined to generate a coupon in its entirety . it is also possible for a master promotional controller to offload the entire live communication burden by sending a complete coupon database including triggers during off - peak times . in one embodiment of a gaming promotional printer , a gaming promotional printer is triggered to print coupons from the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s internal database under direct control of a master promotional controller that triggers the issuance of a coupon and conveys any pertinent variable information associated with the coupon such as promotion type , face value of the coupon , date of expiration and the like . [ 0088 ] fig5 is a block diagram of an exemplary coupon stack and logical trigger matrix resident in a gaming promotional printer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . as previously noted , a gaming promotional printer may print a coupon in response to either internal or external event signals or trigger data . to respond to a trigger , a gaming promotional printer includes a coupon selector logic module 500 that analyzes trigger data 502 as trigger data becomes available and determines which coupons should be printed in response to the trigger data . coupons , such as coupons 504 , 506 , and 508 , are stored in a coupon database 510 as a stack . the stack of coupons are a plurality of predefined coupons that can generate a coupon 511 anytime a set of trigger conditions to which a coupon is associated is satisfied . these trigger conditions can operate independently or in logical combination . exemplary logical trigger data utilized in a gaming promotional printer for initiating generation of coupons includes : date 512 , time of day 514 , frequency of issuance of a particular coupon 516 , time of play 524 , and game issued parameters 526 to the printer such as player identification , amount of money in place , duration of the current session of play and the like . by utilizing the illustrated trigger matrix , it is possible for a gaming promotional printer to issue coupons without any information provided by an master promotional controller at the time of a cash - out or cash - in by a player . in one gaming promotional printer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention , the gaming promotional printer receives from a master promotional controller a coupon trigger database thereby enabling the gaming promotional printer to self - manage its couponing activity . the coupon trigger database may include different types of trigger control parameters including : triggering a coupon generation anytime a cash out voucher is printed ; generating a coupon whenever a voucher for greater than , equal to , or less than a specified amount of money is issued ; generating a coupon based on an identity of a player ; generating a coupon based on a category or classification of a player related to frequency of play or money volume ; generating a coupon based on the duration of play of the gaming machine by a player ; and generating a coupon anytime a player adds money or credits to a game in an amount greater than , equal to , or less than a specified amount . in another aspect of the invention , a component of the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s internal database includes a set of control parameters that instruct the gaming promotional printer to select the type , quantity , and frequency of coupons to create and issue related to any of the triggers listed above . these control parameters may operate separately or in combination with each coupon in the database . parameters that may be used include : a total quantity of a coupon being issued before the coupon is retired from the coupon database ; a frequency 518 of issuance of a coupon based on the number of occurrences of specified trigger events ; a frequency of issuance of a coupon based on random odds 520 , such as one in one hundred trigger events ; a backup coupon or coupons should a particular coupon fail to print for lack of satisfying its specified set of qualifiers ; whether or not the coupon is issued based on the time the trigger occurred ; and whether the coupon is issued based on the date the trigger occurred . in one embodiment of gaming promotional printer , a real time clock electronic device is included within the gaming promotional printer for the purposes of supporting time dependent promotional activity as described above . [ 0093 ] fig6 is a process flow diagram of a trigger matrix process in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention . a trigger matrix process 622 is used by a gaming promotional printer to determine if a coupon should be generated and issued to a player . the trigger matrix process receives ( 624 ) variable data from a master promotional controller . the trigger matrix process determines ( 628 ) if the variable data includes a coupon trigger instructing the gaming promotional printer to issue a coupon . if so , the trigger matrix process selects ( 630 ) an appropriate coupon to issue from a coupon database 510 . the trigger matrix process then generates ( 632 ) a coupon 511 using the selected coupon template . in addition , the trigger matrix process may use a portion of the variable data received from the master promotional controller to customize the coupon when the coupon is generated . the trigger matrix process may then store ( 633 ) coupon issuance statistical data ( 634 ) for later retrieval by the master promotional controller . a trigger matrix process may also initiate issuance of a coupon even if the master promotional controller does not transmit a trigger to the gaming promotional printer . to do so , the matrix trigger process gets ( 635 ) trigger control parameters stored in the promotional coupon database 510 that correspond to stored coupon templates in the promotional coupon database . the trigger matrix process then gets ( 638 ) gaming machine and other internal data 636 and determines ( 640 ) if a coupon should be issued using the data and trigger control parameters . if the trigger matrix process determines ( 642 ) that a coupon should be generated , the trigger matrix process issues a coupon as previously described , this time selecting a coupon template using the trigger control parameters . the gaming promotional printer is a real - time device meaning that it continuously processes incoming trigger data and triggers . as such , the trigger matrix process may be configured as an endless loop as indicated by the start loop 644 and stop loop 646 symbols . [ 0096 ] fig7 is a sequence diagram of a coupon generating process in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . a master promotional controller 104 transmits coupon or variable data 600 to a gaming promotional printer 109 . the gaming promotional printer stores ( 602 ) the coupon data for later use by the gaming promotional printer in printing a coupon . as previously described , the coupon data may include coupon templates , sets of dynamic and static variable data , trigger control parameters , and entire promotional coupon databases . a gaming promotional printer may receive various triggers that initiate generation of a coupon for a player 100 . the master promotional controller may transmit a promotional trigger ( 604 ) to the gaming promotional printer . in response to the promotional trigger , the gaming promotional printer generates a coupon 606 for use by the player . the gaming promotional printer then stores ( 608 ) statistical data about the just generated coupon . the gaming promotional printer may also receive a gaming machine trigger 610 from a game controller 204 in a cashless enabled gaming machine . in response to the gaming machine trigger , the gaming promotional printer generates a coupon 610 for use by the player . the gaming promotional printer then stores ( 612 ) statistical data about the just generated coupon . the gaming promotional printer may also generate ( 614 ) an internal trigger on its own such that the gaming promotional printer generates a coupon 616 for use by the player . the gaming promotional printer then stores ( 618 ) statistical data about the just generated coupon . periodically , or at the request of the master promotional controller , the gaming promotional printer may transmit the saved coupon statistical data to the master promotional controller for analysis and other types of processing . the coupon tracking or statistical data may include details such as quantities of specific types of triggers received , quantities of each type of coupon issued , and the times and dates when triggers were received and coupons were issued . in a gaming promotional printer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention , the gaming promotional printer accepts promotional database loads and transfers statistical data with the master promotional controller either through a main communication port used for normally signaling pay out vouchers in the game , or through an auxiliary port allowing the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s promotional activities to be conducted in series or in parallel with the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s cash - out voucher printing functions within the cashless enabled gaming machine . [ 0100 ] fig8 is an architecture diagram of an exemplary promotional gaming printer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . a gaming promotional printer 109 includes a processor 701 operatively coupled via a system bus 702 to a main memory 704 . the processor is also coupled to a storage device 708 via a storage controller 706 and the bus . the storage device includes stored program instructions 724 and data 726 such as coupon variable data , coupon templates , and coupon trigger control parameters . in operation , the program instructions implementing a gaming promotional printer are stored on the storage device until the processor retrieves the program instructions and stores them in the main memory . the processor then executes the computer program instructions stored in the main memory and operates on the data stored in the storage device to implement the features of a gaming promotional printer as described above . the processor is further coupled to a printer mechanism 718 through a printer controller 702 via the bus . in operation , the processor executes the program instructions to generate printer mechanism control signals and transmits these signals to the printer mechanism via the bus and printer controller . in response to the printer mechanism control signals , the printer mechanism prints coupons for use by a player . the processor is further coupled to external input devices 722 by an input device controller 720 via the bus . example input devices include sensors that the gaming promotional printer uses to detect proper printing of a coupon by the printer mechanism , coupon printer paper detectors , and real time clocks . the processor receives input device signals from the input devices via the input device controller and the bus and uses the input device signals to detect the state of the gaming promotional printer &# 39 ; s environment . the processor is further coupled to a network device 714 via a network device controller 712 and the bus . the process uses the network device to communicate with other processing systems , such as a master promotional controller or a gaming machine controller as previously described . [ 0104 ] fig9 is an architecture diagram of an exemplary promotional master promotional controller in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention . a master promotional controller includes a processor 901 operatively coupled via a system bus 702 to a main memory 904 . the processor is also coupled to a storage device 908 via a storage controller 906 and the bus . in operation , program instructions 924 implementing a master promotional controller are stored on the storage device until the processor retrieves the program instructions and stores them in the main memory . the processor then executes the computer program instructions stored in the main memory to implement the features of a master promotional controller as described above . the processor is further coupled to a network device 914 via a network device controller 912 and the bus . the process uses the network device to communicate with other processing systems , such as a gaming promotional printer or a gaming machine controller as previously described . although this invention has been described in certain specific embodiments , many additional modifications and variations would be apparent to those skilled in the art . it is therefore to be understood that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described . thus , the present embodiments of the invention should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive , the scope of the invention to be determined by any claims supported by this application and the claims &# 39 ; equivalents rather than the foregoing description .