a field emission array includes a dielectric structure with at least two dielectric layers between the cathode and anode grid thereof . the lower dielectric layer is planarized to minimize the occurrence of electrical shorts between the cathode and anode grid of the field emission array . thus , the upper dielectric layer is substantially free of any electrically conductive defects or imperfections that extend through the lower dielectric layer . in addition , the field emission array includes an array of emitter tips , which are laterally surrounded and may be spaced apart from the dielectric structure . the field emission array may also include a grid over the dielectric structure and the emitter tips , with the emitter tips being exposed through grid openings or apertures .