a method and device for the treatment of atrial fibrillation by inhibiting the flow of electricity from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium . the method includes inhibiting electrical flow by disabling the conductive fibers mechanically , using an incision , or via fibrosis , or chemically by applying toxic substances to the fibers . in one embodiment , a device is useable to deliver a prosthetic structure to the pulmonary vein that is useable to stretch the pulmonary vein , thereby inducing fibrosis , keeping the incision open , or delivering a substance to the endothelium of the pulmonary vein . the structure delivered by the device is a self - expanding prosthetic structure . in another embodiment , a device is useable to deliver and expand a prosthetic structure that is expandable but not self - expanding .