in order to increase the generation efficiency of a silicon dioxide solar cell , two conductive substrates are arranged so that the conductive surfaces thereof face each other , at least one of the substrates is disposed upon the substrate facing the light entry - side substrate , and an electrolyte is filled between the silicon dioxide particles compact and the light entry - side substrate . silicon dioxide solar cells having this configuration exhibit a significantly increased short circuit current and open circuit voltage in comparison to solar cells in which the silicon dioxide and the electrolyte are mixed . this configuration can further be improved by disposing a titanium dioxide solar cell or a dye - sensitized titanium dioxide solar cell upon the light entry - side substrate to further increase the short circuit current and the open circuit voltage .