optical switches are described herein . in one embodiment , an exemplary optical switch includes , but is not limited to , a first waveguide , a second waveguide across with the first waveguide in an angle to form an intersection , and a pair of electrodes placed within a proximity of the intersection to switch a light traveling from the first waveguide to the second waveguide , where at least one of the electrodes includes a non - uniform edge to deflect a light remained after switching from the first waveguide to the second waveguide to a direction other than a direction associated with the first waveguide . other methods and apparatuses are also described .