a process for the deoxidation of a refractory metal containing minor concentrations of oxygen is disclosed . in this process the refractory metal is contacted with a metallic deoxidant in a dry , inert atmosphere . the metallic deoxidant and the refractory metal are heated to at least liquefy the metallic deoxidant and at least partially deoxidize the refractory metal . the refractory metal is thereafter cooled and contaminants on its surface are removed .