a piezoelectric quartz plate having reduced frequency deviation as a function of temperature , wherein the quartz plate is cut at an angle described by : t f = 3 . 9 + 6 . 5  cos 2  θ + 1 2  + + sin  2 ) ] + δ where quartz plate thickness is chosen in accordance with a desired frequency . this useful behavior can be manipulated such that a quartz plate is designed to counteract frequency shifts over temperature excursion of other electrical components found in typical oscillator circuits . the choice of angles of cut having larger margins of error means that quartz oscillators can be more easily reproduced on a large scale and at a lower cost than has traditionally been the case .