an electrochemical device includes at least one carrier substrate , and a stack of functional layers including at least one electrically conducting layer that includes metal oxide , and a multicomponent electrode including at least one electrochemically active layer , at least one higher - conductivity material and at least one network of one of conducting wires and conducting strips . the higher - conductivity material has a surface resistance that is lower than a surface resistance of the electrically conducting layer . the stack of functional layers is arranged between two substrates , and each may be rigid , of glass type or rigid polymer or semi - rigid or flexible of pet type .