an apparatus for separating and detecting motile spermatozoa in a liquid sample , comprises : a separation vessel including an inlet port , an outlet port arranged to be opened , a separation medium into which motile spermatozoa in the sample can flow via the inlet port , and an actuator operable to open the outlet port for allowing the separation medium to flow out of the vessel through the outlet port ; and a spermatozoa detection device including an application zone in communication with the outlet port , a detection zone , in which presence of spermatozoa can be detected , and a reagent zone containing a reagent which is capable of reacting with spermatozoa to facilitate detection of the spermatozoa in the detection zone , with the application zone , the detection zone and the reagent zone being arranged to permit capillary flow of spermatozoa from the application zone to the detection zone .