methods for creating coatings composed of a single material or a composite of multiple materials , beginning with esc to deposit the base layer and then using other methods for the binding step beyond cvi . also , for certain materials and applications , some pre - processing or pre - treatment of the coating materials is necessary prior to deposition in order to achieve a satisfactory coating . this application discloses methods for pre - deposition treatment of materials prior to esc deposition . it also discloses methods for post - processing that provide additional functionality or performance characteristics of the coating . finally , this application discloses certain apparatus and equipment for accomplishing the methods described herein .