the present invention provides apparatus and methods for imbedding a durable outer layer of rubber in a second layer of rubber , polyurethane , or like material for use in various applications , including but not limited to shoe soles and tires . as depicted in fig ., the durable outer layer , which in the case of fig . 4 is a shoe outsole , may comprise a plurality of lugs connected with integral support bridges imbedded in another rubber or rubber - like material . alternatively , the durable outer layer may comprise a plurality of lugs anchored in the second layer of rubber , polyurethane or the like , using anchors , such as ribs or flanges , radiating from the perimeter of each lug .