an apparatus is provided having a cylindrical stator and a rotor that is spaced from a stator to define an annular primary air gap that receives ac flux from the stator . the rotor has a plurality of longitudinal pole portions disposed parallel to the axis of rotation and alternating in polarity around a circumference of the rotor . each longitudinal pole portion includes portions of permanent magnet material and at least one of the longitudinal pole portions has a first end and an opposing second end and a side magnet is disposed adjacent the first end and a side pole is disposed adjacent the second end .