a method of manufacturing a thermal interface material , comprising providing a sheet comprising nano - scale fibers , the sheet having at least one exposed surface ; and stabilizing the fibers with a stabilizing material disposed in at least a portion of a void space between the fibers in the sheet . the fibers may be cnt &# 39 ; s or metallic nano - wires . stabilizing may include infiltrating the fibers with a polymerizable material . the polymerizable material may be mixed with nano - or micro - particles . the composite system may include two films , with the fibers in between , to create a sandwich . each capping film may include two sub films : a palladium film closer to the stabilizing material to improve adhesion ; and a nano - particle film for contact with a device to be cooled or a heat sink .