maximized multi - state compaction and more tolerance in memory state behavior is achieved through a flexible , self - consistent and self - adapting mode of detection , covering a wide dynamic range . for high density multi - state encoding , this approach borders on full analog treatment , dictating analog techniques including a to d type conversion to reconstruct and process the data . in accordance with the teachings of this invention , the memory array is read with high fidelity , not to provide actual final digital data , but rather to provide raw data accurately reflecting the analog storage state , which information is sent to a memory controller for analysis and detection of the actual final digital data .