selective insect neonicotinoids is a class of pesticide active ingredients that share some characteristics in their chemical structures and bind to the nachr acetylcholine receptors . formulation of such compounds in oil suspension or oil dispersion is challenging due to their electrostatic interactions of the heteroatoms in oily media , that lead to irreversible flocculation or diminished homogeneicity and bleeding of such oil dispersions . imidacloprid , thiamethoxam , thiachloprid , nitenpyram , acetamiprid , clothianidin and dinetofuran and derivatives thereof with nachr binding ability are successfully formulated in oil suspension with the use of certain copolymeric anionic fatty - acid based dispersants , sorbitan derivatives , ionic surfactants , other non - ionic surfactants and inorganic polyvalent cationic salt dispersed in the oil . the formulations this way produced show excellent storage stability properties regarding physiochemical parameters , including stability of the neonicotinoid active ingredient , reduced bleeding , and complete redispersibility . further , they show excellent biological efficacy due to the reduced and homogeneous particle size below 2 μm when diluted — emulsified — in water .