the present invention is a reversible electrodeposition optical modulation device employing a segmented counter electrode that permits localized areas of a continuous optical modulation electrode to be switched independently of each other . such devices can be configured to enable practically seamless switching over the entire device for smart window and adjustable mirror applications , or to minimize cross - talk and pixel overlap for display applications . since the electrical contacts and switching circuitry are located on the counter electrode , more active area is available for optical modulation .