STS-124

STS-124 was a Space Shuttle mission, flown by Space Shuttle "Discovery" to the International Space Station. "Discovery" launched on May 31, 2008, at 17:02 EDT, moved from an earlier scheduled launch date of May 25, 2008, and landed safely at the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility, at 11:15 EDT on June 14, 2008. Its objective was to deliver the largest module of the space station – "Kibō", the Japanese Experiment Module pressurized section. The mission is also referred to as ISS-1J by the ISS program.
Crew.
Commander Kelly discusses the crew.
"I'm really fortunate to be given the crew members that I have on this mission. It's myself and six others. We do swap one of our crew members with the expedition crew member on board. So Greg goes up, Greg stays on station and Garrett comes home. But the crew that was assigned to me—I'm really fortunate to have some really talented people. Ken Ham, as a pilot, knows the orbiter better than anybody I've seen. This is his first flight. My lead EVA crew member is Mike Fossum who did three spacewalks on my previous flight, STS-121. We've flown together before. I have all the confidence in the world in his ability to execute these EVAs. Karen Nyberg, my MS1, sits on the flight deck for ascent and entry. She's also the lead for all the robotic arm operations. She'll be flying three robotic arms in space, incredibly motivated, well ahead of the game and I expect great things from her. Ron Garan is my flight engineer, a colonel in the Air Force. This is going to be his first time in space as well as is Karen's and Ken's and he's doing three spacewalks. So he's got a lot on his plate. He's been doing great during training and he's going to have the opportunity to prove himself during these three spacewalks. I kind of wish it was me getting to go outside. I can't do that, but we expect great things from Ron as well. And then I have Aki Hoshide, our Japanese crew member, who grew up in New Jersey kind of like me. That's an interesting thing about our flight—we have four people from New Jersey on the mission. I look at Aki as the payload commander. He is responsible for that Japanese laboratory and he has taken on that responsibility as completely as I could have hoped for. All through our training he's been very much focused on the Japanese lab, making sure it's ready to go, making sure we're completely trained on the systems and everything we have to do. I've given him a lot of responsibility and he's completely taken it on."
Mission payloads.
STS-124 delivered the Pressurized Module (PM) of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), called "Kibō", to the International Space Station (ISS). "Kibō" was berthed to the "Harmony" module and the pressurized section of the JEM Experiment Logistics Module, brought up by the STS-123 crew, was moved from "Harmony" to the JEM-PM. The Japanese Remote Manipulator System, a robotic arm, was also delivered by STS-124 and attached to "Kibō". The entire "Kibō" laboratory was brought up over three missions. All the modules were manufactured at the Tsukuba Space Center and were shipped to the KSC SSPF for launch processing. It is manufactured from stainless steel and titanium.
"Discovery" carried with it replacement parts in a mid-deck locker for a malfunctioning toilet on the International Space Station. The crew had been using other facilities for waste until the new replacement parts were installed on the Zvezda module of the ISS.
Flying with the STS-124 crew was an action figure of Buzz Lightyear, a fictional character in the "Toy Story" franchise. Ken Ham, pilot of the STS-124 mission, brought with him episodes of ESPN Radio's "Mike and Mike in the Morning", and a plastic microphone stand with the ESPN logo on it. Along with those, a yellow jersey from Lance Armstrong's record-setting seven victories at the Tour de France bicycle race, the backup jersey Eli Manning took to the Super Bowl, and the last jersey that American Major League Baseball's Craig Biggio wore in a game were placed inside the orbiter's lockers.
With the completion of STS-124, the next permanent pressurized module would not be delivered to the ISS by a Space Shuttle until STS-130 brought up "Tranquility" in February 2010.
Mission background.
The mission marked:
Shuttle Processing.
On April 26, 2008 "Discovery" was rolled over to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) from its processing bay in the Orbiter Processing Facility. Once in the VAB it was lifted vertically and mated with its external tank and solid rocket boosters on April 28, 2008. At the end of a week-long prep schedule on May 2, 2008, at 23:47 EDT the stack was rolled out to launch pad 39A on top the Mobile Launch Platform. Carried by the Crawler Transporter, "Discovery" arrived and was secured at LC-39A on May 3, 2008, at 06:06 EDT. The payload canister containing the JEM was rolled out to the Payload Changeout Room at the pad on April 29, 2008, and was later installed into "Discovery"'s payload bay on May 5, 2008. The STS-124 crew arrived at Kennedy Space Center on May 6, 2008, for the 3-day Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test and returned to Johnson Space Center on May 9, 2008, after completion of the launch dress rehearsal. After many flight readiness review tests, "Discovery" was given a go for a May 31, 2008, launch. "Discovery" launched on May 31, 2008, at 21:02 UTC.
Mission timeline.
May 31 (Flight day 1, Launch).
The Space Shuttle "Discovery" launched from the Kennedy Space Center at 17:02 EDT local time. Debris from the fuel tank was minimal.
"While we've all prepared for this event today, the discoveries from Kibo will definitely offer hope for tomorrow," said "Discovery"s commander Mark Kelly just before launch. "Now stand by for the greatest show on Earth."
Launch pad damage.
One of the trenches at launch pad 39A that channels flames away from the shuttle during lift-off was significantly damaged. The subsequent mishap investigation found that the damage was the result of carbonation of epoxy and corrosion of steel anchors which held the refractory bricks in place. These had been exacerbated by the fact that hydrochloric acid is an exhaust by-product of the solid rocket boosters. Repairs to the trench were completed before the STS-125 mission's then scheduled launch attempt on October 8, 2008. In fact STS-125 finally launched in May 2009, and in the meantime STS-126 (November 2008) and STS-119 (March 2009) had both been successfully launched from pad 39A.
June 1 (Flight day 2).
During the first full day in space, Ham and Nyberg completed a limited inspection of the shuttle's thermal protection system using the end effector camera of the shuttle's robotic arm. The crew also installed the centerline camera and extended the orbiter's docking system ring to prepare "Discovery"' for arrival at the space station.
June 2 (Flight day 3).
"Discovery" docked with the space station at 18:03 UTC and the hatches opened at 19:36 UTC. Greg Chamitoff officially joined the Expedition 17 crew, replacing Garrett Reisman.
June 3 (Flight day 4).
Mike Fossum and Ron Garan completed a six-hour-forty-eight-minute spacewalk at 23:10 UTC. During the excursion, the pair retrieved the Orbiter Boom Sensor System, serviced and inspected components of a Solar Alpha Rotary Joint and prepared the JEM-PS component of the "Kibō" laboratory for installation. Karen Nyberg and Akihiko Hoshide, using the station's robotic arm, removed the JEM-PS from the shuttle's payload bay and latched it in place on the "Harmony" node, completing the task at 23:01 UTC.
June 4 (Flight day 5).
The hatch to the "Kibō" lab was opened at 21:05 UTC. The crew also repaired the malfunctioning ISS toilet.
June 5 (Flight day 6).
Fossum and Garan completed the second STS-124 spacewalk. The 7-hour, 11-minute excursion ended at 22:15 UTC. Prior to heading outside spacewalker Garan stated "Mike and I are getting ready to go out the door for our second spacewalk today. It's going to be a wonderful day."
June 6 (Flight day 7).
The crew moved the "Kibō" Logistics Module from "Harmony" to the Pressurized Module.
June 7 (Flight day 8).
Hoshide and Nyberg moved two of the six joints on the Japanese "Kibō" lab's robotic arm for the first time, maneuvering them very slightly with a series of commands. With the mission at its midpoint astronaut Karen Nyberg commented that "the week has gone way too fast."
June 8 (Flight day 9).
Fossum and Garan conducted the third and final spacewalk, replacing an empty nitrogen tank and collecting a sample of debris from the solar array.
June 9 (Flight day 10).
"Kibō"s robot arm was extended to its full 33 feet, with all six joints tested. The astronauts also opened the hatch to the "Kibō"s storage unit.
June 10 (Flight day 11).
The shuttle closed the hatch connecting it to the space station at 19:49 UTC.
"It's amazing what's going on up here," said Chamitoff. "This is just the beginning. Overall, the mission's been a great success," said Kelly from space. "I certainly have a great crew and they're well trained, but there's also a little luck involved."
June 11 (Flight day 12).
"Discovery" undocked from the International Space Station's "Harmony" Module, at 11:42 UTC. "Discovery" then conducted a fly-by of the ISS, so pictures could be taken. Saying goodbye to the ISS and its crew, commander Kelly said "We wish them the best with their expedition and we hope we left them a better, more capable space station than when we arrived. Sayonara."
Afterwards the crew of "Discovery" conducted the late inspection of the shuttle's Thermal Protection System that was unable to be performed as usual on Flight Day 2, due to the size of the "Kibō" Pressurized Module.
June 12 (Flight day 13).
Flight day 13 was a rare off-duty day. The only major projects were stowage of the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) and an orbit adjustment burn.
During the day, pilot Kenneth Ham conducted an interview with Mike Greenberg and Mike Golic of ESPN, to be aired on their radio show, "Mike and Mike in the Morning", the following morning on ESPN Radio and ESPN2.
June 13 (Flight day 14).
The crew conducted routine testing of the steering jets and an examination of the flight control system. During these tests, a shiny object was noticed trailing the shuttle. This was identified as a thermal clip from the shuttle's rudder speed brake, and should pose no danger during landing.
June 14 (Flight day 15, Landing).
The crew worked through their lengthy list of deorbit preparations, which continued for most of the day. They closed the payload bay doors at 11:30 UTC, which took place without incident. All of "Discovery"s systems were nominal, and with the weather looking very good at KSC the deorbit burn took place on schedule at 14:10 UTC for landing on runway 15 at 15:15 UTC.
At 12:00 UTC, the decision was made to use runway 15 rather than 33. This decision was made based on the sun glare that would be present on the Commander's window as he lined up "Discovery" with the runway.
Extra-vehicular activity.
Three spacewalks were scheduled and completed during STS-124. The cumulative time in extra-vehicular activity during the mission was 20 hours and 32 minutes.
Wake-up calls.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Contingency mission.
STS-326 was the designation given to the Contingency Shuttle Crew Support mission which would have been launched in the event that "Discovery" became disabled during STS-124. It would have been a modified version of the STS-126 mission of "Endeavour", which would have involved the launch date being brought forward. The crew for this mission would have been a four-person subset of the full STS-126 crew, namely: