Timeline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

The timeline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem presents important events in the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalema Crusader state in modern day Israel and Jordanin chronological order. The kingdom was established after the First Crusade in 1099. Its first ruler Godfrey of Bouillon did not take the title of king and swore fealty to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Daimbert. Godfrey's brother and successor Baldwin I was crowned the first king of Jerusalem without doing homage to the patriarch in 1100. By 1153, Baldwin I and his successors captured all towns on the Palestinian coast with the support of Pisan, Genoese and Venetian fleets and also took control of the caravan routes between Egypt and Syria. The kings regularly administered other crusader statesthe Counties of Edessa and Tripoli and the Principality of Antiochon behalf of their absent or underage rulers.
The polarisation of the Muslim world enabled the crusaders (colloquially known as Franks in the Levant) to consolidate their rule in Palestine. They could also appeal to the popes and the European rulers for help against their enemies. In the mid-twelfth century, Baldwin III and his successor Amalric maintained a close alliance with the Byzantine Empire, but they could not prevent the ruler of Aleppo, Nur ad-Din, from uniting the Muslim states in Syria in the 1150s. Internal strife weakened the kingdom during the reigns of the leper Baldwin IV and the unpopular Guy of Lusignan. This facilitated Nur ad-Din's former general, Saladin, to unite Egypt and Syria in the 1180s. Saladin annihilated the crusader army in the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187, and occupied almost the whole kingdom during the following months.
An Italian crusader, Conrad of Montferrat, saved Tyre and the Third Crusade forced Saladin to acknowledge the restoration of the Franks' rule in most coastal towns in his 1192 truce with Richard I of England. Further lands were recovered during the reigns of Henry of Champagne and Aimery of Lusignan, and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, also restored the Franks' rule in Jerusalem in 1229. Frederick and his successors were absent monarchs and the kingdom was administered by regents (or bailiffs) from 1229 to 1269. Due to conflicts between the kings' representatives and the powerful barons, and the War of Saint Sabas between Genoa and Venice, the kingdom disintegrated into autonomous towns and lordships by the 1260s. The personal union of Jerusalem and Cyprus could not prevent the Mamluks of Egypt from occupying the last Frankish outposts in 1291. In addition to the Lusignan kings of Cyprus, the Angevin rulers of Naples and their successors maintained a claim to the defunct Jerusalemite kingdom for centuries.
Background.
1009
1027
1055
1063
1063-1070
Before 1070
1071
1074
1080s
1092
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
First kingdom.
Establishment (1099-1100).
1099
 1100
1100
Consolidation (1101-1124).
1100s
1101
1102
1103
1103–1106
 1104
1104
1105
 1107
1106–1108
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
 1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1120s
1121
1122
1123
1123 or 1124
1124
Heyday (1125-1144).
1125
1126
1127
1127
1128
1129
 1130
1130
1131
 1132– 1135
1132
1133
1134
 1135
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
Towards the union of Muslim Syria and Egypt (1145-1173).
1145
1146
1146–1153
1147
1148
1149
before 1150
1150
1150s
1151
1152
1153
1154
 1155
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1163
 1164
1164
1167
1168
1169
 1170
1170
1171
1173
1174
Decline and fall (1174-1187).
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
 1180
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
Third Crusade (1187-1192).
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
Second kingdom.
Recovery (1193-1229).
1193
 1194
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1200
1202
1203
1204
1205
 1206
1206
 1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1227
1228
1229
Absent kings (1229-1268).
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
 1247
1247
1248
1249
 1250
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1263
1264
 1265
1265
1266
1267
1268
Final years (1269-1291).
1269
1270
1271
1272
1274
1275
1276
1277
1279
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1289
1290
1291
Aftermath.
1290s
1291
1295
1299
1309–1311
1335
1365