HMS Syrtis

HMS "Syrtis" was a third-batch S-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Completed in 1943, "Syrtis" spent most of her career in the Arctic, off Norway, other than a single patrol in the Bay of Biscay,
On her first patrol, she sighted a German submarine, but could not attack it. Her second patrol saw the submarine board a Vichy French fishing vessel. "Syrtis" was then assigned to take part in Operation Source, an attack on the German battleships based in Norway, using midget submarines. The boat was to tow the submarine X9 to her target, then release it to perform its mission. However, the tow line between the two submarines parted en route, and "X9" was lost with all hands.
"Syrtis" went on to conduct three patrols off Norway, but these were uneventful. On 16 March, the submarine started another patrol in the Arctic, and sank one Norwegian merchant ship. She never returned, and was most probably sunk by mines.
Design and description.
The S-class submarines were designed to patrol the restricted waters of the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The third batch was slightly enlarged and improved over the preceding second batch of the S class. The submarines had a length of overall, a beam of and a draught of . They displaced on the surface and submerged. The S-class submarines had a crew of 48 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of .
For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a electric motor. They could reach on the surface and underwater. On the surface, the third-batch boats had a range of at and at submerged.
The boats were armed with seven 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. Six of these were in the bow, and one external tube was mounted in the stern. They carried six reload torpedoes for the bow tubes for a total of thirteen torpedoes. Twelve mines could be carried in lieu of the internally stowed torpedoes. They were also armed with a 3-inch (76 mm) deck gun. It is uncertain if "Syrtis" was completed with a Oerlikon light AA gun or had one added later. The third-batch S-class boats were fitted with either a Type 129AR or 138 ASDIC system and a Type 291 or 291W early-warning radar.
Construction and career.
HMS "Syrtis" was a third-batch S-class submarine ordered by the British Admiralty on 25 January 1941. She was laid down in the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead on 14 October 1941 and was launched on 4 February 1943. On 21 April "Syrtis", under the command of Lieutenant Michael Hugh Jupp, sailed to Holy Loch, where she was commissioned into the Royal Navy two days later. The submarine was named after Syrtis Major Planum region of Mars; thus far, she has been the only ship to bear the name "Syrtis".
After training off several British coastal cities, "Syrtis" commenced an anti-submarine patrol off Norway on 6 July 1943. The next day, she spotted a submarine, probably the , but could not maneuver into an attack position. The boat did not sight any more ships and returned from patrol on 20 July.
The submarine next departed port on 3 August, patrolling the Bay of Biscay on another anti-submarine patrol. The patrol was mostly uneventful, except for 17 August, when "Syrtis"s crew boarded a Vichy French fishing vessel and sent its crew off, intending to use the ship for reconnaissance; however, the idea was abandoned for lack of wind and the men left the ship. The submarine then ended her patrol three days later in Holy Loch.
Operation Source.
On 1 September, "Syrtis" conducted training at Port HHZ with midget submarines in preparation for Operation Source, an attack on the German battleships in Norway using midget submarines. On 11 September 1943, the boat departed port towing the X-class submarine "X9" close to her target, the battleship . An auxiliary crew was on board during the passage, which was meant to switch with the operational crew near the target. "X9", probably trimmed heavily by the bow in the heavy sea for the tow, was lost with all hands during the voyage when her tow parted and she abruptly plunged down during the early morning of 16 September. This was not discovered on board "Syrtis" until 09:00, when she reversed course and started a search for the lost craft; it was never found. The submarine then returned to Holy Loch on 5 October without having attacked any ships.
Subsequent operations.
From 25 October to 12 November, "Syrtis" conducted a patrol off Norway but did not sight any potential targets. After conducting additional training, the submarine conducted an anti-submarine patrol off Norway on 22 December, protecting the Arctic convoys JW 55B, RA 55A and RA 55B. The patrol was uneventful, and the boat returned to Lerwick, Scotland, on 6 January.
On 2 February 1944, "Syrtis" departed Kames Bay with the X-class midget submarine "X22" in tow. Five days later, while nearing Scapa Flow, "Syrtis"s watch officer was washed overboard; the submarine turned to pick him up, but collided with "X22", which went down with all hands. The watch officer was not found.
"Syrtis" next patrolled off the Stad peninsula from 12 to 22 February; the submarine's only action during the patrol was an unsuccessful attack on the Norwegian merchant ship "Sirius".
On 16 March, "Syrtis" departed Lerwick for her seventh patrol, off the Kya Lighthouse then later off Bodø. She achieved the only success of her career on 22 March, sinking the Norwegian merchant "Narvik" with gunfire off Rødøy. "Syrtis" was never seen again; on 28 March, she was ordered to return to Lerwick, but did not acknowledge the order. German reports indicate the sinking of a submarine in the Bodø area at the time by shore batteries, but the most likely cause of her loss is a mine.
Summary of raiding history.
During her service with the Royal Navy, "Syrtis" sank one ship for a total of 241 GRT.