The Role of Revolutionary Oromo Artists in Building Oromumma: The Case of Usmayyoo Musa and Ebissa Addunya K. Jalata Across this planet, people have used music in diverse ways. For many, music is not only an expression of merely one’s culture; it is also a vehicle for vocalizing social and political outcries. Music has been used to artistically protest against unacceptable conditions and treatment such as oppression and state repression, to communicate, to relieve psychological or physical stress and strain, and to relay significant political messages to the general masses. From the “We Shall Overcome” musical outcry of the Civil Rights Movement in the US to the music of anti-Apartheid movements in South Africa, music has become a vital mode of social relief and political expression. Today, I would like to particularly look at revolutionary musical artists from two Oromo music bands that formed in the early 1990s when the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) joined the transitional government of Ethiopia. Called the Hawwisoo Caffee Gada Band and the Bilisumma Band, these bands and their artists were pushing forth through their music the urgent need for national self-determination, freedom, and democracy for the Oromo people. Within these bands, songwriters, poets, instrumentalists, musicians, and vocalists came together to create music that not only artistically retrieved and showcased Oromo history and culture, but that also reminded the people of the oppressive and exploitative conditions in which they were living, conditions that they needed to vocally and forthrightly stand against. Particularly, their revolutionary music inspired, agitated, and empowered the Oromo people to not give up their struggle against the tyrannical, murderous Ethiopian regime. Put! shortly, these artists creatively developed revolutionary Oromo music to further advance and disseminate Oromuumma—the manifestation of Oromo identity, culture, and nationalism. From the two bands I mentioned earlier, today I am going to focus on two particular artists and the significant impact their revolutionary music has made on building and developing Orommumma: Usmayyoo Muussa and Ebbisa Addunya. Specifically, I am going to critically examine how these heroic musical martyrs politicized the Oromo identity, culture, and vocalized the Oromo national movement for democracy and independence. Overall, my presentation will be threefold: 1) I will provide biosketches of these three artists, 2) Within these biosketches, I will look at the essence and characteristics of particular excerpts from some of their musical works, and 3) I will, within the biosketches and musical excerpts, examine their contributions to building Oromummaa and developing the Oromo national movement. But, before I begin, I would like to share with you a short compilation of individuals who were either in the Hawwisoo Caffee Band or the Bilisumma Band and who were murdered by the Ethiopian regime. The reason why I am doing this is because although I am going to be focusing on two individuals today, I want it to be known that there were many, and that my research on revolutionary Oromo musical artists is an on-going process. I am in other words saying that I am not finished with investigating the injustices that revolutionary Oromo musical artists have faced due to the Ethiopian regime. Oromo artists who have been killed by the current regime include: Hime Yusuf singer and musician, Chafe Gada Band, killed in Hararge 1997 Kulani Boru female vocalist, Chafe Gada Band, Hararge 1997 Bonsiso Challa singer, Chafe Gada Band, Hararge 1992 Hordofa Barento traditional dancer, Chafe Gada Band, Hararge 1992 Jalal drama producer, Chafe Gada Band, Hararge 1992 Sabontu Barentu female vocalist, Chafe Gada Band, Bale 1997 Ayantu Borana female traditional dancer, Chafe Gada Band, Bale 1997 Artists who have disappeared, or in other words, murdered secretly since the present regime came to power include: Jirenya Ayana, singer, Gada Band, Addis Ababa 1996 Basha Hussein, female traditional dancer, Bilisuma Band, Addis Ababa 1999 Fufa Duguma, poet, Addis Ababa 1997 Darartu Bona, female vocalist, Bale 1997 Abdulhakim (Shefis), singer, Chafe Gada Band, Bale 1997 Adem Wake, singer, Addis Ababa 1997 I would also like to mention that there are several Oromo revolutionary artists who have been imprisoned, tortured, and were forced to leave the country to live in exile. Many of these artists are continuing their revolutionary music and have never abandoned their commitment to musically vocalize the Oromo national movement. ~ The two revolutionary musical artists on which my discussion will focus on were born in opposite regions of Oromia. One was born in eastern Oromia, the other in the west. Usmayyoo Mussaa was born in Haaji, Haroomayaa, Hararghe, Eastern Oromia in January 1963 to a father named Musa and a mother named Aashee. As a youth, Usmayyoo did not receive a formal education; he became a merchant who captured and sold fish and other commodities to hotels in Dire Dawa. Those who knew him said that he was always a very social, friendly, kind, and respected person. But, Usmayyoo had an interest in singing; because of this interest, he soon became acquainted with and close to two singers and songwriters named Kadir Sai’di and Abdi Mohammed (also known as Abdi Qophee). Abdi Qophe was a playwriter, poet, and artist whose song writing not only heavily influence Usmayyoo, but the following artists: Ali Birraa, Adam Harun, Kadir Sa’id, Abbitow Kabbade, Halloo Dawwee, Fandishe Mul’ata (Mhammad Nur), Hirpha Ganfure, Qamar Yusuf, Adnan Mohammad, Shaabe Sheeko, Qasim Adam, Rayyaa Abba Maccaa, Usmayyo Mussa, Abdi Abrahim, Abdi Habib, Callaa Caracar and others. I just wanted to note this shortly because I was expecting to also present on Abdi Qophe today, but I am still awaiting certain sources. Hopefully, he will be in the OSA publications. So, Usmayyoo learned much from Abdi Qophe and eventually began his own singing career. But aside from loving to sing, what Usmayyoo also loved very much was his people, the Oromo people. He could not bear the mistreatment, abuse, and exploitation that the Oromo people were facing from the Ethiopian government. He chose to vocalize his response to the oppression and injustices his people were facing through his music; he became a revolutionary Oromo nationalist singer. To express this love and strong defense he had for his people, he sang for his people by delivering profound messages that relayed his deep commitment and support for the Oromo national struggle for independence. In one of his songs, Usmayyoo sang the following: Jireenya walaabni mirga dhuumamneefi sarbamenee hin teeynu, Olaadhaan gabroomne, qabsoon bilisoomna, kenna hin eeganu.Fafaa gabruumaani badhaane, hin teeynu,Harqoota gabruuma hammaa ofiraa gannuu. Which translates into the following: We were born free so we cannot live chained. We were enslaved by our neighbors, but we will liberate ourselves. We cannot live with the scar of slavery We will fight until we get rid of the yoke of colonialism. With lyrics as such, Usmayyoo wanted to truly commit his life to the Oromo cause. So in 1991, when the Oromo Liberation Front entered the transitional government of Ethiopia, he joined Hawwisoo Caffee Gada, a politically conscious Oromo music group that was participating in the Oromo national movement; he eventually emerged as an outstanding revolutionary musical artist. Famously known for his first song “Bilisumaaf immimman ija koo walmaraa,” which means for freedom, tears will flow from my eyes, and another song entitled “Abbaa Joffee,” Usmayyoo performed on stages in Dardar, Qobbo, Calaanqo, Qullubi, Watar, Baddanno, Burqaa, Dirree-Dhawa, Harawaaca, Jerjertu, Jaaja, Masalaa, Odaa-Bultuum, Baddeeysa, Galamso, Balballeyti, Machaara, Micata, Hardim, Bubbee, Dhummuga, and Darbaa-Kuulo. Consequently, he became both very famous and very much loved by the Oromo people. Along with his meaningful music, his kindness, his sincere friendliness and generosity, his selfless support f! or others who were facing problems, and his capacity to simply make people smile and laugh made him a beloved and respected artist. But in 1992, when the OLF was ejected by the Tigrayan’s People Liberation Front (TPLF) from the transitional government, the government sent soldiers to attack and murder Usmayyoo. At a place called Burunqe near the town of Jaajati, Usmayyoo was shot in the leg; fortunately, he survived the attempted assassination. Oromo farmers hid Usmayyoo in a secret place and provided him with medical aid and support. But as soon as he healed, Usmayyoo went to Finfinnee and joined Bandi Bilisumma, another music group that was committed to the Oromo struggle; he was one not to be deterred from fighting for his people. In one of his songs, Usmayyoo displays this determination: Sodaa lubbu tiiya jedhee, biyaa be’ee garba che’ee hin jiradhuu kan bir tahee biyya fi biyye toraatin sabaa fi adaa koo keeysati haqqa falmachun naa murti. From the fear of death, I will not run away from my country to become a refugee. I must fight for the rights and freedom of my people with my people in my country, whatever the costs. Yet, this bravery to express his support and love for his people made Usmayyoo only a larger target of the Tigray government led by Meles Zenawi. He was soon without any justifiable reason imprisoned by Zenawi’s regime in 1998. In an underground prison cell, Usmayyoo was isolated from other prisoners because of his attempts to communicate with them. He was chained at his hands and legs, and tortured for eight years. Here is an excerpt from one of his songs that can be interpreted in many ways, but I think parallels his imprisonment: Dukkana bara dheera Naa rakke jireenya koo maraa Sayoom Sayoom Naa bariiteetin hunda arka Dukkanrra ifaa ba’uu kulka Ummamaan naan orkanne agartu Huundataan dawwatee adda naa baaftu Maaltu guyya koo gadii fageeyse? Qananiin fiira ana dhagabse Maaluman yakke ifa na orke yaa rabi gaari narra jirjiri naaf dhi’eesi barii Which translates into: Why have I been put in the darkness for forever? For many years of my life, I have suffered in this darkness. When, oh when will I be able to see? What has made my days empty? What has robbed me of life? What did I do to deserve this? Oh God, help me, please show me a brighter day. Regardless of all the mistreatment and brutal torture he received, comrades of Usmayyoo assert that he never bowed down to his enemies. During this traumatic eight year confinement, Usmayyoo’s wife, Faxumaa Mohammed, was travelling between Dire-Dhawa and Finfinne trying to support her husband while struggling to raise their three children. She was a revolutionary woman who unflinchingly stood beside her husband for the Oromo cause. But unfortunately, the excess of stress and mental and physical anguish that Faxumaa endured in addition to other circumstances of which we do not know led to her very untimely death; she died before Usmayyoo’s release from prison. Usmayyoo sings for her in the following song: Waa’eella too takka Haati maatii waati Naaf osoo fiigtu ti Abde lubbu siitii Rabbi araaramiif Isii naa raamatii hadha abba goote yaatima kan kootif. My closest friend, the mother of my child, and the protector of our home lost her life while running for me. God please put mercy on her soul; she was the provider of fatherless children. Usmayyoo was released from jail relatively quite recently, 2006, after which he released a new collection of songs. One of songs says the following: Yaa rabii, galaani kee kumma kumma Arrafi Borrulee abdin kiiya sumaa Dukkana hunquftu Namni itti na darbe Sii na baase keeysa Fedhin teeti dhibbe Thank you God a thousand times. You are my hope today and tomorrow. Some one threw me into an endless darkness. But You, God, took me out. But due to the brutal mental and physical torture that he received, the lack of adequate medical care and food, and the other modes of suffering that Tigrayan authorities made Usmayyoo endure, Usmayyoo’s health heavily deteriorated. Consequently, he died soon after his release in the month of March, 2006. Many individuals speculate that Tigrayan agents poison prominent Oromo nationalists while they are in prison. So as soon as their death is close-by, they are released. It is very likely that this happened in Usmayyoo’s case. ~ Now, I would like to turn my discussion to Ebbisa Addunya. Ebbisa was born in Dembi Dollo, southwest of the Western Wallaga region of Oromia. With two younger brothers and three sisters, Ebbisa was the eldest son in his family. He was a very talented and respected young person. He attended Oliiqaa Dingil Primary School, Qellem High School, and then passed the national examination for Higher Education to attend a university. In 1991, while waiting for admission to an university, the military regime of Ethiopia was overthrown by OLF, TPLF, and EPLF forces. In Ebbisa’s hometown of Dembi Dollo, OLF forces had set up a strong military base. At that time, Ebbisa was very aware of the deteriorating Oromo condition and the need for self-determination for the Oromo people; hence, to support the Oromo struggle for national determination, he joined the OLF. He was trained to be a cadre (Dabballee), and being exceptional at that, he became a Dabballee/cadre trainer in the Dembi Dollo OLF military camp. But beyond his abilities within the military, Ebbisa was also musically talented; he played many instruments and was a gifted vocalist. Because of this, he joined the OLF music band and played a significant role in pushing forth Oromo culture, music, and identity. In one song that he sang about his mother and joining the OLF, he said the following: Haati dhiira boosee Laffaa gangalatee Mucaan koo hin du’ammu Jaalalaa dhageeyse Hin booyin ayyo koo An diina warranaa Duddubatti hin hafnu Waliin waajin kaana Which translates into: As my mother cried, she fell to the floor and asked,”Will my child survive?” I said,”Yes, I will survive; you’re going to hear good news about me” Don’t cry mother. I am leaving you to fight the enemy. We cannot remain behind. Let us stand together. Throughout 1991 and 1992, Ebissa travelled through various regions within Oromia (the south, southwest, center, and western) to perform and sing ; his songs were not only cultural, but they were revolutionary. They were songs that strongly emphasized the sufferings of the Oromo people and ways through which the Oromo people should demand justice. In one of his songs, Ebbisa sings the following: Ana falmataa Gadaa Bonsa sirna Abba Gadaa Yoo Oromo tokko te’ee Diina saa baqqee badaa Olaan kee bilisoommte Alaabaa shee dhabbaatte Atiis mirkandheeyfachu Akkamiti daggatte? Which means: I am the defender of Gadaa, I am proud of Gadaa; If Oromos are united, their enemies will be defeated. Your neighbors are liberated, they have raised their flag. Why have you failed to achieve liberation as well? On a personal level, Ebbisa was a very kind person; he truly loved and cared for the Oromo people. He provided his assistance and care to individuals, his relatives, his sisters, brothers, etc. to anyone who needed help or were having troubles. Ebbisa was a very popular, well-admired, nationalist musical artist. Ebbisa was also known to be a very brave individual. Even after the OLF went underground and its leaders where banished from the country, he continued to sing about the criminal activities that the Ethiopian government was heavily engaging in. He was extremely fearless, daring, and publically vocal about the Ethiopian regime’s terrorist tactics against the Oromo people and continued to also support the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA). The following song was one that he openly sang after OLF was ejected from the transitional government: Nuti hinbitamnu, alaagadhaani Nuti Oromodhaa, haa nuu beekani Arraabaan soobaa, nun gabroomsanii Lammuu arraabaan, nun goowoomsanii. Arrabaan nu sobaa Afaan qawwetiini Meeqaa kan gurramee Mana hidhaa itii Badii tokkoo malee Hanka du’aati Meeqaa kan qalame Qee isarratti. We will not be ruled by our enemies. We are Oromos, let them know this. With their lies, they cannot deceive us and enslave us, they cannot manipulate us. At gunpoint, how many people have been thrown into jail by our enemies? Without doing anything, Oromos have been massacred even in their own homes. But because Ebbisa was so courageous, so openly vocal about the murders and injustices that the Ethiopian government was committing, he himself became a large target of the Ethiopian government. According to the Oromia Support Group Press Release No 17, a 26 year-old Oromo who was a friend of Ebissa and who was helping him by transporting him to performances recognized clearly that Ebbissa was under government survelliance and was being monitored by government agents. On August 30th, 1996, Ebbissa Addunya was assassinated in his own home by Ethiopian government security agents in Finfinne. The following is an account from the Oromia Support Group Press Release No 14 in October 1996: Oromo nationalist singer Ebbisa Addunya and his friend Tana Wayessa were shot dead by government gunmen on August 30th [,1996]. They were at Ebbisa’s home in the Shiromeda area, No 094, Higher 13, Kebele 01, north of the American Embassy in Addis Ababa, when gunmen burst in. Eyewitnesses claim the bodies were dragged from the house and put in a Land Rover with a government license plate. The security men who carried out the murders first cleared the street. Residents who looked out of their houses after the gunfire were told to get back indoors. The bodies were recovered [the] next day from the morgue at Menelik II hospital. But even after Ebbisa was murdered, Ebbisa’s family became a target as well; they were repeatedly mistreated in the hands of OPDO security agents in Dembi Dollo due to their relation to Ebbisa. His brother Ashanafi has been repeatedly imprisoned by Wayyene and OPDO agents. Discussion and Conclusion It is not a secret here that Tigrayan authorities and Meles Zenawi are using today several mechanisms to eliminate Oromo revolutionary leaders and cultural icons like Usmayyoo Muussa and Ebbisa Addunya who were revolutionizing Oromo cultural identity, personhood, and nationhood. What Usmayyoo and Ebbisa musically articulated and passionately wanted to promote was exactly what the Ethiopian government wanted to and still wants to forestall: the building of Oromummaa (Oromo identity, culture, and nationalism) and Oromo political consciousness amongst the majority ethnonational group within the Ethiopian Empire, the Oromo people. Generally, revolutionary Oromo artists within the Ethiopian Empire have been specifically targeted for several reasons. The first is that with their natural talents and creativity, they were and are retrieving Oromo cultural and political memories—memories that the Ethiopian Empire prefers to omit from history. Second, they were effectively capturing in a simple and understandable form the extensive suffering of the Oromo people under successive Ethiopian regimes. By this, they were also motivating the Oromo people to liberate themselves by armed struggle and by joining the OLF. Lastly, they were revealing to the Oromo people the true essence of Oromumma, bilisumma (or freedom), and walabummaa (or independence) in revolutionary, inspiring ways. All of these effects of their music are threatening to the dictatorial regime of Ethiopia, and that is why these artists were targeted and assassinated. But nevertheless, these Oromo musical nationalists have left an unforgettable im! print on the Oromo national struggle for liberation and sovereignty. And I hope that we not only remember this for ourselves, but that we find ways of communicating this with others or making others aware of Oromo history, the Oromo struggle, and the brutal crimes that the Ethiopian government is committing against the Oromo people. Pro. Asafa Jalata Email: Ajalata@utk.edu


OROMO EEGANNAA NYAATAA FI EEGUMSA OF TO’ACHUUF TOORAAN GALMEESUU (ITTIN KAN LALLATAN) MaqaaNammaJalqabee: Tessoo: Kan qophayen (maqaan): Guyyaa: Jii’ati Harka tokko Barreffamma kanna Faydeffadhu Sabbabin Issa Wara bulchaa Biyya xinxalla Midhan/ Nyata Wajiin Aka Walihindhimnee. Ragga ketifi Garragalcha Kayyadhu. (1) RakodhanHihimn (2) Malla Edduu Higodhin (3) jijiiramma Malla Barbbachisa (4) Malla Baredda (5) Malla Fillatamma (NA) Hibarbbachisuu Quliqulinafi Barmoota Fayya Kan Dalgitotta 1 2 3 4 5 N/A Hujii Qajella Barbachisa Guyya Dhummate 1 DhukubiwanDhibeen Dallagtotta Akumma Jiratteti 2 Bassan Yokanan haqeen wan dallagde Argamsiftuu irra sii Dhogit 3 Dallagdon Akkat Serra harkka Dhiqatan Jalla demmu Qabban 4 Dallagdudhan Nyata Nyatamudhafi Dhiyate/ kenudhafi Qophayee hrkka issanitin Tutuuqun Dhogammadha 5 Dallgdudhan nanoo Nyani Dallgamut Nyachun, Dhugati Dhuggun yokanan Tanboo Arssunirra Dhogamma Gudadha 6 Meshawan Dallagtotta Kan Dhuffa fula/ Nanoo Nyani kessa Galuu/ Dallagammu irra fageffame kayyamu Qabba 7 Dallagdudhan Egomssa Nyata Muxanna Qabbu 8 Dalgdudhan Tikka Nyata Muxanna Qabbu Hammenna Irra Egguu 9 Nyata Hammenna Irra Tiksufi adaaddan bassuu 10 Nyata barechisfi qulqulesun 11 Karra Qajellodhan qulqulinna Egan Uffata Haqudhan laffa baredee Quliqulaye kessat Galchuu 12 Nanoon Harkka Itt Dhiqatan Qajellan kayyame Akasumma karra banuu 13 AmmatuNyata/foodcarts fi salad barr Hammenna irra Eggaman Yeroodhafi Qilensii Midhaa Nyatati fiduu dand’aa (Qilensii guyyu Akuumma tokon Ta’u Qabba) 14 Nyani Qabanna irra 140° F Fii 70° F Sa’a lamma kessat Akasumma 70° F Fii 41° F Sa’a Afurri Kessat 15 Nyani Rakinna fiduu dandauu Kan Bilchatuu Qabbuu Itti annan Qilensii Kan Hayyamamme Kan Kessat 16 O’aafi Qabbun, kan Nyani Kessa kayyamu 140° F Yokanan issa Olii 17 O’aafi Qabbun, Nyata Itti Debisan O’issu hagga 165° F kan Sokandi 15 18 Qabbanayafi Qabbun Nyata Kessa Kan Kayyan 41° F yokanan Achii Gadii 19 Nyani Akumma Mishat Guyyan Barefame malumtin Issa Himmama 20 Kan Qajelodhan ittin xiyefattan kan Akaa Terrmoometiriit Egoomsa Fayya Kan Nyata Barodhan Lallatan (Lakofssa 2 irra 2) (1) RakodhanHihimn (2) Malla Edduu Higodhin (3) jijiiramma Malla Barbbachisa (4) Malla Baredda (5) Malla Fillatamma (NA) Hibarbbachisuu Kan Hayyamma Irra Argamsisee 1 2 3 4 5 N/ A Hujii Qajella Barbachisa Guyya Dhummate 21 Meshwan Dedebi’ame Gabbayya Irra Gamma woroota Jiliman Gabyya irra Olichu 22 Kan Ergamuu Raggadhafi Galmayee Yooturuu Akasumma Nanoo kenatt Qophayee Jirrattaa 23 Omishin Omishame Ilallamee Gabbayya Irra Olla Kemikallotaa 24 Kemikallotaafi Kan fakattan karra Qajellodhan itti Ollan Akasumma ennumma issa Baressan Kayyuudha 25 Kamikallon Addumaddan Meshotta karra Nagayyatin Eggatanfi Arggatan Qabbuu Meshawan Fayiddaa Tollan Qophesuu 26 Meshawan Itti Oluu Dandenu Roggan Kayyudhafi Tolichan Qbbuu 27 Kan ittin Quliqullesinuu Mashiin Sadii Qajelloti Quliquliin IssaLallammee/ Marammarammee Akasumma Bishan O’aan Dhiqamma Nannoo/Fulaa/Battalla Hummnna 28 Nannoo/Battalla Hummnna Egomsii Quliqulina Tifamudgan Wan Karra irra Jiran Karra irra Quliqulessu 29 Nammoon Hayyamma Hinqamnee Nannoo Nyatatifi Vidoon warabbuu IrraFagachu Qabban 30 Kontratoon Tikffammuu Qabban Yerro Nannoo/Battalla Nyata Dhuffan 31 Yadda/Pllanna Gayya Kan Ta’en Qophessan Pllana offii geggesuu 32 Balliballan dubba Kan fe’aa Yoo itti Olite Katten Bodda Cuufi 33 Nannoo Cuffafuu Qophesii Iffadhan 34 Nannoo Namin Itti hedummatan Rakiin Guddan Hingirra kanafi Jecha Vidionfi Bilibilii/ alarm kan Jedhammu Argamma Buffet Aka Hinhammane fi Hindadhamine Tikssa Tolichaa Egomssa Nyata/Midhani Itti Gaffatamotta/Bulichiitu 1 2 3 4 5 N/A Hujii Qajella Barbachisa Guyya Dhummate 35 Yoo Akki Wan Hatantamma/ emergency,Jirrate Dalagdudhan Bekku Qaban Enuni Akka Qunnamman: 1) Namma Itti Gaffatamma, 2) Poliissa/Police/worra Ibbida/Fire, 3) Iffadhan/Utilities, 4) Ummata Nannoo Ketti wajiroota Kan Fayya 36 dallagdun haroyin Iyyanna offi gutan Galfachun dirqamma issanti 37 Dallagdun Raggadhan Beksissuu 38 Nannoowan Dhogamman “Dallagdudhan Duwaadha” 39 Serra Hatanttamma/emergency Muxaanna Dalagtotta


Afaan Oromoo

Afaan Oromoo Afaanni Oromoo afaan Oromiyaa , Somaliyaa, Kenyaa, fi Biyyoota Gaanfa Afrikaa biroo keessatti baroota kumaatamaaf ballinaan dubbatama . Afaan Oromoo Oromiyaa keessatti uummata Oromoo miliyoona 40 ol ta’aniin dubbatama. Walumaa gala Afrikaa keessatti baayyina namoota dubbataniin Arabbifaa, fi Afaan Hawusaatti aanuun sadarkaa 3ffaa irratti argama. Erga Oromiyaan diinaan qabatamee Afaanni Oromoo gita bittaa habashaa jalatti akka hindubbatamnee fi hin barreeffamne dhiibbaa hamaatu irra ture. Aadaa fi Afaan Oromoo haqamuun afaanii fi aadaa habashaa Oromiyaa keessatti akka dagaagan godhaman. Hata’u malee qabsoo uummata Oromoon Afaanni Oromoo mirga biyya isaarratti mulqame deebsee argachuun daandii guddinaa qabatee jira. Afaanni ittiin walii galuuf, ergaa waliif dabarsuuf, aadaa dagaagsuu fi dhaloota fuulduraaf dabarsuuf akkasumas barnootaa fi teekinoolojii uummataan gahuuf iddoo guddaa qaba. Oromoonni marti afaan Oromoo barachuu qaban. Seerluga Afaan Oromoo: Afaan Oromoo dubbachuu, bareessuu, dubbisuu fi dhagahuuf afaan Oromoo beekuun barbaachisaa dha. Afaanni Oromoo akkauma afaan kamiiyyuu seerluga mataa isaa qaba. Fuula kanatti Afaan Oromoo barreessuu fi dubbisuu waliin ilaalla. Qubee Afaan Oromoo Qubeen Afaan Oromoo akkaataa sagaleen itti uumamu irratti hundaa’uun bakka lamatti qoodama. Qubee Xiqaa: a, e, i, o ,u Qubee Guddaa: A, E, I,O,U Qubee Dachaa Qubee + Qubee=sagalee Fkn: B +u =Bu N+a=Na B+o =Bo k+k+a+a=kkaa Sagalee + Sagalee= Jecha Fkn: Buna, mana,bokkaa, biyya, laga, qe’ee Afaanni Oromoo akka dubbatamutti barreeffama. Sagaleen yeroo dubbatamu gabaabaa qubee dubbachiiftuu tokko ykn qubee dubbifamaa fi dubbachiiftuu tokko qofaan bareeffama. ( Qubeen dachaa akka qubee tokkootti ilaalama). Sagaleen yeroo dubbatamu dheeraan qubee dubbachiiftuu lama of biraa qaba. Fkn: a. Sagalee gabaabaa Leexaa: gama lachuunuu gabaabaa dha: Bu+na==>Buna Ma +na=====>mana La+fa======>Lafa La+ga======>Laga Ba+r+cu+ma===>barcuma b. Sagalee Dheeraa Leexaa:Gama lachuunuu dheeraa Aa+daa======>Aadaa Quu+faa======>Quufaa Dhee+raa=====>Dheeraa Qubee Jabaa fi Laafaa Qubee jabaan dubbifamaa gosa tokko lama walitti aansuun barreeffama. Qubeen dachaa garuu jabaas ta’e laafaa akkuma tokkotti bareeffama. Fkn: Laafaa: Karaa, gadaa,baruu, gama, jamaa, horii, jaalala, qabsoo, sirba, hirbuu, deemsa, siyaasa, jala, hiree, ciree, aadaa Jabaa: Karra,gadda, barruu, carraa,barreessuu,caccabsaa, harra, gidduu, gaadidduu, jibba, yakka, geejjiba,irra, maallaqa, tokkummaa, adda, dorrobaa Qubeeleen qancarfaman yeroo baayyee qubee jabaan barreeffamu: fkn: jabaa==>jajjabaa, cimaa===> ciccimaa, Irra buta Jecha irra buta of keessaa qabu yeroo barreessinu qubee dubbifamaa lama wali hin fakkaanne sagalee lama kan qaban garuu qubeen dubbachiiftuu gidduu hin jirreen barreeffama. Fkn: irbuu, salphaa,korma, jirma,jirbii, sirna, barnoota,halkan fi kkf. Hudhaa Qubeen dubbachiiftuu yeroo sagalee mataa isaanii bakka bu’uun yeroo lamaa lamaa fi isaa ol walitti aanan hudhaa ( tilde (‘)) dhaan adda ba’u. Fkn: bakka bu’uu , adda ba’uu,ka’uu, gurmaa’uu, re’ee, qe’ee,manca’e,ka’uu, milkaa’i, gurmaa’oo fi kkf. ~~~~~~~itti fufa~~~~~~ Nagaa wal gegeeddaruu Kallattii gaafachuu( Asking for directions) ….eessa? ============================> Where is …? Fkn: Najjoon eessa? Duukam eessa? Bisidiimoon eessa? E.g: Where is Nedjo? Where is Dukam? Where is Bisidimo? …kara kam dhaqa?===========> How can I/ we go to…? Konkolaataa eessatti qabadha (yaabbadha) ? ======>Where do I take bus, taxi, cab,? Buufati konkolaataa eessa?===================> Where is the bus station? Lafti gabaa eessa?======================== => Where is the market place?Hoteella ….kara kami dhaqa? ==================> How can go to …Hotel?Karaa …dhaqu natti agarsiisuu dandeessaa?==============> Would you show me how to go to …? Kallattii himuu ( Telling directions) Fuul dura deemi.=================> Go straight. Kara mirgaa jalladhu (qabadhu,maqi)===>Turn right. Kara bitaa maqi (jalladhu, qabadhu)=====> Turn left. Gama sana.======================> It’s over there. It’s across from here. Achi.===========================> It’s over there. Daandii qalloo kana irra bu’i.==========> Take this alley. Gara Kaabaati.====================> It’s to the North. Gara Kibbaati.=====================> It’s to the South. Gara Bahaati.=====================>It’s to the East. Gara Dhihaati.=====================> It’s to the West. Deemuma deemi.===================> Keep going. Himni jecha (word), ykn gaalee( phrase) ykn ciroo ( clause) tokkoo fi isaa olirraa ijaarama. Fkn: Ana. =>It’s me. Kun gaaffii eenyu jedhuuf deebii gabaabaa dha. Anaa fi ishee.=>She and me. Inni kunis akkuma asii olitti ibsame gaaffii eenyu jedhuuf deebii gabaabaa dha. Oromiyaan biyya kooti. =>Oromia is my country. Maal nyaatta? => What do you eat? Na jaallattaa? => Do you like/love me? Maal taate? => What happened? Maddi galii kee maal? What is the source of your income. Kaleessa nama sanan arge.=> I saw that person yesterday. Nama sana argeen ture. =>I have seen that person. Harri guyyaa gabaati. => Today is market day. Innii fi isheen farda tokko waliin koran. He and she rode a horse together. Himni gulummoo (subject) +ibsa-xumurtuu(adverb) + xumurtuu (verb)+ ibsa- maqaa (adjective) + gocha-fudhataa (object) of keessaa qaba. Fkn: Innii fi isheen (gulummoo) farda (gocha-fudhataa) waliin (ibsa xumurtuu) koran( xumurtuu). Inni farda dotii yaabbata. He rides a gray horse. Inni (gulummoo) farda (gocha-fudhataa) dotii(gray) yaabbata (xumurtuu). Damma adii nyaachuu baayyeen jaalladha. I like eating white honey. Ani (gulummoo-subject) damma ( gocha-fudhataa-object) adii (ibsa maqaa ) nyaachuu (gaalee xumurtuu- gerund) baayyeen (ibsa xumurtuu- adverb) jaalladha (xumurtuu- verb). Xumurtuu fi Yeroo Xumurtuun Afaan Oromoo keessatti akkuma afaan biroo keessatti yeroo waantotni ta’an irratti hundaa’uun ni jijjirama. *Nyaatee ture=dhiiraaf; Nyaattee turte =durbaaf/dhalaaf. HUB: haaluma wal fakkaataan xumurtuun chaartii kana keessatti dura barraa’e dhiiraa wajjin yeroo gargaaramnu, kan itti aanu dhalaa wajjin itti gargaaramna. Amala Xumurtuu gocha cehaa( Transitive) : Yeroo waanta ta’e tokko abbaa waan sana godhe irratti xiyyeeffannu: Abalu akkana godhe jenna. Fkn. Tolaan ciree nyaate.( Active Voice). Yeroo waan ta’e sanarratti xiyyeeffannu: Cireen ni nyaatame. ( Breakfast is eaten. Passive Voice). Caaltuun buna dhugde. (Eenyutu buna dhuge? Deebiin: Caaltuu). Active Voice: Isa kanatu ergaa baayyee dabarsa. Bunni ni dhugame. (Maaltu dhugame? Buna. Eenyutu dhuge? Hin beeknu). Passive Voice: Inni kun abbaa waan sana dalage ni dhoksa. Hirphaa fi Kadir Afaan Oromoo sirban.(Active) Afaan Oromoo ni sirbame. Amala Xumurtu Gocha hin Ceene (Intransitive): Xumurtooti as jalatti ramadaman gocha hin ceene himuuf fayyadu. Fkn. Bokkaan ni roobe. Bokkaan ni caame. Bakkakkaan ni bu’e. Lafti ni bari’e. Ni dhihe. Aduun ni baate. Aduun ni lixxe. Bifneshee ni gurraacha’e. Ni du’e. Ni boqote. Ni dhalate. Caalaan ni duule. Baaqqee fi Baayyee Baaqqee:Xumurtuun yeroo gulummaa tokkoo wajjin galuun gocha himu gulummaa sanarratti hundaa’uun baaqqee agarsiisuuf qubeen xumura ni jijjirama. Fkn: nyaate/ nyaatte; deeme/deemte; dhuge/dhugde; barreesse/ barreessite; qayyabate/qarrabatte Baayyee: Xumurtuu yeroo gulummaa lakkoobsa hedduu mullisuu wajjin galuu fi kabajaaf fayyadu qubeen xumuraa maxxantoota kanaan xumura -an,tu,fi kkf. Fkn: nyaatan, deeman,dhugan,barreessan,qayyabatan. Hub: Gilgaala Ajaja: Mee egaa hima asii gadii keessaa gulummoo, gocha-fudhataa,xumurtuu, ibsa maqaa , ibsa xumurtuu adda baasii barreessi. Egaa gilgaala kana hojjedhaati deebii isaa akka yaadaatti maxxansaa. Gaaffii yoo qabaattan ykn yaada yoo qabaattan bakka “comment” jedhuun yoo barreessitan ergaan keessan nu ga’a. Maddaa: daandii430


Aadaa Oromoo

Oromiyaan aadaa hedduu qaba. Kana keessaa aadaa nyaataa, aadaa uffannaa, aadaa mana itti ijaaran, aadaa fuudhaa fi heerumaa, aadaa irreechaa,aadaa sirna ittiin bulmaataa, aadaa ateetee, aadaa sirbaa, aadaa ittiin wal dhibdee furatan, aadaa ittiin bulmaataa fi kan biroo hedduu qaba. Oromoon nyaata heedduu qaba. Jalqaba nyaata ykn dhangaa kanan tarreessa. Isaanis: biddeen fi ittoo, caabetaa fi ittoo, marqaa, mooqa, daabboo, foon, hindaaqqoo (lukkuu), cuukkoo, caccabsaa, buna qalaa, hancootee, nuugii, qoccoo, gooddarree, dinnicha, akaayii fi kkf. Nyaata Oromoo akkuma nyaata biyya kamiiyyuu bakka gurguddaatti qooduun ilaaluun ni danda’ama. Isaanis: Nyaata Humna laatan ( carbohydrates):Warri kun irra caalaa callaa ( grains and cereals) irraa warra argamanii dha. As jalatti kan ramadaman nyaata ija midhaaniirraa hojjetaman kan akka biddeenii, caabetaa, marqaa, mooqa, daabboo,maxinoo, cuukkoo, nuugii, saliixii, fi kkf faa dha. Irra guddaa beeddeenni ,caabetaan, daabboo, marqaa, fi mooqi kan tolfaman xaafii, boqqoolloo,bisingaa, garbuu, qamadii yoo hammaate daagujjaa irraa ta’uu ni danda’u.Cuukkoo, fi caccabsaan garbuu ykn qamadii irraa hojjetamu. Garbuu fi qamadii tumuun qolli irraa akka ba’u erga godhamee booda, ni akkaa’u. Sana booda ni daaku. Erga daakanii booda dhadhaadhaan sukkuumu. Soogiddi illee caccabsaatti baayyinaan dabalama. Hub:Akkaataa isaan ittin hojjetaman yeroo biraa barbaadna. Ittoon humna kennuun fayyadan kan akka itittuu, baaduu, atarii, shuburaa, phaapharii, fi kkf fayi. Dhadhaan ykn zayitiin warreen kana maratti ida’amuun mi’aa fi urgaa dabaluu malee umna kennuun gargaaru. Nyaata gabbinaa ( Proteins): warri kun foon, lukkuu,hanqaabuu ( buphaa), qurxummii, haannan, itittuu, baaqilaa, akurii atarii, fi kan biroo irraa argamu. Oromoon foon saawwaa ykn sangaa,hoolaa, reettii (re’ee), hindaaqoo (lukkuu),booyyee, daarbee darbee quruphee, bosonuu,borofa, gafarsaa, gogorrii,fi sololiyaa nyaata. Kuduraafi Fudura ( Fruits and Vegetables): Kana jalatti kan ramadaman warra akka: Viytaaminootni as jalatti ramadamu. Maangoo, muuzii, loomii,burtukaana, mandariina, abukaadoo, paayin appilii, paappayyaa, appilii fi kkf. Hancootee, raafuu, raafuu maraa,hundee diimaa, kaarotii, hanbaalbee, goodarree, qoccoo, dinnicha fi kkf. Qaaraa ykn mimmixi illee as keessatti ramadama. Oromoon guyyaatti akka aadaatti yeroo sadii nyaata. Kunis ciree, laaqana, fi irbaata taha. Ciree yeroo xiqqoo ta’u laaqanaa fi irbaatni quufanii kan nyaatamuu dha. Nyaatni Oromoon irra guddaa nyaatu biddeen yeroo ta’u bakka garaagaraatti gargar ta’uu ni danda’a. As keessaa muraasa maqaa dhahuun yaala: uffata dhalaa: qamisii, gurdii, marxoo,marata, faaya,, naxalaa,kophee fi kan biroo hedduun jiru. Hub: gara fuulduraatti qorannee barreessina.Faayi warra akka warqee harkaa, mormaa, gurraa,fi hanbaarrii, hanbaarrii ka biroo, faaya mataa, fi faayyi mormaa hedduun ni jiru. Uffata Dhiiraa: qumxaa, kittaa, kofoo, bolaalee ykn surree,kootii, marxoo, surrii, naxalaa, fooxaa, faaya, fi kkf. Hub: gara fuul duraatti ballinaan ibsama. Oromoon mana muka, dhagaa, sibiila, qorqorroo, citaa, simminttoo, dhoqqee fi kkf irraa hojjechuun keessa jiraata. Asiratti akkaataa maani Oromoo itti ijaaramu hagas kan adda isa godhu yoo jiraachuu dhaa baatallee dinagdee irratti hundaa’uun manneetiin ijaaraaman gargar ta’uu malu. Dinagdeen haala manneetii Oromoon keessa jiraatanii haalaan murteessee jira. Kun gara fuulduraatti yeroo mootummaan Oromoo dhugaa tokko dhaabbatu haalaan irratti hojjechuu kan feesisu keessaa isa tokkoo dha. Aadaa Oromoo keessatti seera gadaatti namni tokko yeroo umuriin isaa soddomii tokko ta’u gaa’ela ijaarrata ture. Amma garuu umurii 18 olitti irra guddaa dargaggoo fuudhaa fi heerumaa jiru. Gosoota fuudhaa fi Heerumaa (gaa’elaa): 1.Cidha (rakkoo): Aadaa Oromoo keessatti maatii fi firatu ilma fuudha ga’e tokkoof hintala heeruma geesse tokko barbaada. Maatiin gurbaan mariyachuun eega barbaadani, qomoo qoratanii, murtteessu. Gurbaan erga itti amanee jaarroleen mariyatanii, jaarsa ergatu. Jaarsis beellamma gaafatee warra maatii kadhata. Yeroo kana warri hintalaa yoo itti amanan beellama laatu. Beellamma itti aanutti tole ykn hin ta’u jechuun murtoo laatu. Yoo hata’u jedhan isa itti aanutti beellami kan biraan qabamee waraqaan kadhannaa kennamee, jaarroleen deddeebi’uun dubbii xumuru. Gara walakkeessaatti gurbaan ni naqata, kun jechuu hintalaaf warqee fi uffata erga jechuu dha. Egaa fuudha malee maaltu haferee! Lakkii, yeroo birraan dhufu ykn ayyaanni gurguddaan dhufu maratti dibicha ,raada ykn gaala erguu qaba gurbaan. Qabeenya kana funaanuuf jecha warri hin talaa lafarra butu. Walumaa gala aadaa/sirni kun sirna naqataa (kaadhimannaa) jedhama. 2.Ababbalii ykn Hawwee Inni kun ammoo osoo warri hin beekiin warri walfuudhan waliif galanii walfuudhuu ta’a. 3.Sabbatmarii ykn Irra dhaaba Gosti gaa’elaa kun ammoo osoo warri intalaa quba hin qabaatiin tasuma itti dhufanii akka aadaatti hatattamaan akka kennaniif gaafachuu fi fuudhuudha. 4.Aseennaa Intalli manatti hafte ykn nama itti heerumuu barbaadde waan duudhaa fi aadaa guuttattee mana warra gurbaa dhaquudha. 5.Butii Butiin fedhii fi beekumsa intalaa malee humnaan fuudhuudha, kuni amma waan seeran dhoowwameef hafaa dhufeera. 6.Dhaala: Inni kun yeroo obboleessi ykn abbaan manaa fira ta’e akka tasaa du’u nami tokko itti darbee haadha warraa nama du’ee sanaa fuudha. Kun manni nama sanaa ykn matiin isaa akka hin facaaneef gargaaruuf jecha kan ta’uu dha. Irreechi yeroo Oromoon laga, horaa fi gaaratti irreeffatee Waaqa galateeffatuu dha. Oromoon irreecha yeroo lama ayyaaneffata. Kunis yeroo arfaasaa gara ji’a Eblaa dhumaa qabee ji’a Caamsaatti gaaratti ba’uun kan ayyaaneffamu yeroo ta’u inni lammataa fi guddaan ji’a Onkoloolessa dhumaa kaasee haga Sadaasa jalqabaatti laga bu’uun ykn hora dhaquun kan irreeffatamu ykn ayyaanefatamu ta’a.Bakki akka biyyaatti ballinaan beekamu Hora Arsadiiti. Irreechi jalqabaa, yeroo bonni darbeee ganni dhufu kan ayyaaneffatan yeroo ta’u inni lammataa yeroo ganni gurraachi darbee, galaanni gadi bu’ee, mukti daraaree, bareeduu fi ifuu ta’a. Irreechi ( Oromo thanksgiving) yeroo itti Waaqa galateeffatanii fi kadhatan yeroo ta’u Oromoo mara bakka tokkotti fiduun bu’aa guddaa qaba, Gumii Waaqeffattoota Addunyaa (GWA)(2012).


Wal-Gahiin KG OPDO Wal Dhabdee fi Qoodmiyaan Milkii Malee Adda Bahe

Bitootessa 21,2013, Finfinnee (Gabaasa Qeerroo) — Walgayiin Qaamolee OPDO Miseensota Giddu Galaa Bitootessa 17 hanga Bitootessa 20, kaleessatti itti ture. Dhimmi walgayii isaanis inni jalqabaa qorannoo fi gamaggama hojiiwwan darbanii irratti ture. Wal qorannoo isaanii kana irraan ka’ee gara Gumii (Koree giddu galeessa hoji raawwachiistuu) jedhu irrattis dabalata walgayii isaanii gaggeeffachaa turaniiru. Haata’u malee walgahichi akka barbaachisaa ta’etti deemuu dhabuun walii isaanii gidduutti jeequmsii fi walittibu’iinsi uummamee wal diiguunii fi garee adda addaatti wal qooduun walitti mufachuudhaan walgayii wal diigumsaan adda bahanii jiru. Akka gabaasaa caasaa hojii qabsoo achi keessaa gaggeessaa jiru irraa nu gahetti gumiitti galanii erga mariyatanii booda garee 4tti akka wal qoodan ifatti beekamee jira. kanneen kunis wal mormuu fi sadarkaa naamusaan ala ta’etti wal mufachuun walgahii adda diiganii jiraachuun gabaafama. Gareeleen arfan kuniis:- 1. Garee Alamaayyoo Atoomsaa Isa Jalatti: 1.1 Kumaa Dammaqsaa 1.2 Muktar Kadir 1.3 Aster 2. Garee Abbaa Duulaa Isa jalatti: 2.1 Abiyyii Ahimad 2.2 Lammaa Magarsaa-Waajjira Induustirii 2.3 Fiqaaduu Tasammaa-Dhimma dargaggoo irratti 2.4 Tolasaa Gaddafaa 2.5 Damisee Shittoo 2.6 Alamayyoo Ijjiguu 2.7 Warqinee Gabayyoo-poolisii federaalaa 3. Garee Dirribaa Kumaa 3.1 Tasfaye Tulluu 3.2 Bazzuu 3.3 Alamaayyoo Taganu 4. Garee Juunaddiin Saadoo bakka inni hin jirretti kanneen mufii qaban 4.1 Abraham Adulaa 4.2 Musxafaa A/Simar 4.3 Nuuree Qamar 4.4 Bakar Shaallee Haala kanaan walgayii isaanii mareen xumurachuu hanqatanii diiganii adda akka bahanii jiraachuun gabaasaan nu gahe addeessaa. Waldiigumsa kana kan fide irra caalaatti hojiiwwan waggaa darbanii gamaggamuudhaan dadhabinaa fi wal amantee dhabuu irratti; akkasuma dhimma fi hojii hawaasummaa irratti, hojiin hojjennu maalif bakkeetti saaxilamaa, qaamni mormitootaa addatti ammoo ABOn iccitii keenya akkamiin dhaga’aa kun nu gidduudhaa bahaa jiraachuun keessa keenya maadheeleen ABO fi caasaan isaa akka jiran beekama jechuun gama biraan ammoo rakkoolee miseensa keessa jiru gubbaadhaa hanga goodatti, rakkooleen jiran naannummaadhaan, malaammaltummaadhaan miseensonni keenya boodatti jechaa akka jiru, aangotti fayyadamuu sirni bulchiinsaa gaggeefama jiraachuu isaatiini kkf irratti walitti bu’uunii fi wal diiguun qaamoleen OPDO kun yaadaan wal dhabanii wal gayii isaanii milii malee xumuranii jiru. Qabsoon itti fufa! Gabrummaan ni kufa! –Qeerroo –For Amharic Readers


Xalayaa Oromummaa: Qabsaa’ota Oromoo maraaf

Abdii Boruutiin Duraan dursee, nagaan Obbolummaa, Oromummaa fi Sabboonummaa bakka jirtan maratti isin haa gayu. Uummatni keenya uummatni Oromoo erga gabrummaa Habashaa jalatti kufee kaasee hanga har’aatitti jabana tokkorraa jabana biraatti, bara tokkorraa bara biraatti, mootommaa Habashaa tokkorraa kan biraatti yeroo dabru, qabeenyi isaa saamamaa, ijoolleen isaa hidhamaa, dararamaa fi ajjeefamaa, kuun biyyarraa baqachaa as gaye. Biyya dureettii Waaqni uumaadhaan kenneef; biyya waa hundaa qabdu fi hunduu hawwan Oromiyaa badhaatuu otuu qabuu, abbaa biyyaa fi abbaa qabeenyaa ta’uu dadhabee; nafxanyoonni biyya isaarra qubatan yeroo dhaa yerootti duroomaa yoo deeman, uummatni keenya garuu dhukkuba, beela fi gadadoo keessatti kufee; jireenya namaa gadii jiraachaa ture, jiras. Haalli uummatni keenya har’a kessa jiru ammoo yoomiyyuu caalaa baay’ee hamaa dha. Gabrummaa gaarii fi badaan jiraachuu baatullee, gabrummaan har’a uummatni keenya keessatti dararamaa jiru yoomiyyuu caalaa hamaa akka ta’e waan isin hundaa jalaa dhokatuu miti. Maaliif jedhaatii of gaafadhaa!! Xalayaa kana keessatti waan tokko tokko yoon kaasu, seenaa isinitti himuufii miti; rakkoolee jiran kana hin beektan jedhee isiniif ibsuufiis miti; dhimma kana ni dagattan jedhee isin yaadachiisuufiis miti. Wanti biraa yoo hafe, yeroodhuma xalayaa kana dubbistan rakkoolee kana akka hubattani fi maal godhuu qabna? Maaltu mala? jettanii tokko tokkon akka of gaafattaniifi. Gabrummaa har’a uummtani Oromoo keessa jiru maaltu kan durirraa adda isa godha? Mee yaadadhaa, mee hubadhaa: Duri uummatni keenya biyya ofii keessatti cunqurfamaa, hacuucamaa, hidhamaa ajjeefamaa ture. Har’a garuu kun hunduu akkuma jiranitti ittifufaa; karaa biraatiin garuu i) qayee isaa keessa jiraachuu dadhabee lafa isaarraa buqqifamee rakkoolee gara garaatiif saaxilamaa jira; ii) lafti isaa inveestaroota nafxanyootaa fi warra biyya alaatti gurguramee; inni garuu gara magaalaatti baqachuuf dirqamee; achittillee jireenya harkarraa gara afaaniitti taatullee dhabee rakkachaa jira; iii) ijoolleen isaa kan boru warra ofiitiif akkasumas abdii biyyaa ta’uu danda’an akka baratanii barumsa isaanii hin xumurre mana barumsaarraa ari’amaa jiru… Rakkooleen uummata keenyarra gayaa jiran kana qofaa miti; lakkaawamaniis kan dhumanii miti. Kan baay’ee nama gaddisiisu fi nama yaaddessu, biyya boru bilisoomsinee nagaa fi gammachuudhaan, badhaadhinaan keessa jiraanna jennee hawwinu, Oromiyaa badhaatuun badaa akka jirtu yaadannaa? Gabrummaan hamaan har’aa kun uummata keenyarratti qofaa otuu hin taane, biyya keenyarrattis balaa guddaa fidaa jira. Haroolee fi lageeleen keenya walumaagalatti naannoon biyya keenyaa summiidhaan badaa jiru. Yoo haalli amma jiru kun itti fufe, biyya jaalannu tanaa dhabuuf deemna. Rakkoon Oromiyaa keessa jiru kana qofaa miti. Uummatni keenya har’a amantii barbaadullee hordofuu dadhabee mirgi isaa sarbamaa jira. Rakkoolee lakkaawamanii hin dhumne!! Egaa kun hunduu mallattoo gabrummaa nafxanyaa haaraan Wayyaaneen nurratti feete dha; gabrummaa hammayyaa kan jaarraa 21ffaa ti. Yaa ilmaan Oromoo, kana hundaa callisneetuma ilaaluu qabnaa? Dhuguma malli dhabameetii, kan haalli kun bar-kurnee lamaa ol itti fufaa jiru? Waanuma godhuu dandeenyutu hin jirree? Erga Addi Bilisummaa Oromoo (ABOn) ijaaramee jalqabee hanga har’aatti haala jiru yoo hubatne, ilaalchi adda addaa yookaanis ayidoolojiin gara garaa ABO keessa turullee, qabsoo hanga bara 1991 godhametu injifannoolee hamma kana hin jedhamne galmeesse. Gama tokkoon diina waliin falmuudhaan qabsoo hadhaawaa godhaa; gama biraatiin ammoo uummata keenya dammaqsaa; walumaagalatti qabsoo karaa lamaa gaggeessaa injifannoolee gurguddoo sana argamsiisuun dhugumatti anaaf ajaa’iba. Kun hunduu laayyootti hin argamne. Dhiiga fi lafee ijoollee Oromoo qabsoo kana keessatti wareegamantu bu’aalee kana argamsiise. Haala bara 1991 booda uumame yoo ilaalle, dhugaa dubbachuudhaaf waan qabsoon tun dhaabbattee bakkuma sanatti hafte fakkaata. Akkana yoon jedhu ilmaan Oromoo, kan Oromiya keessatti diina hamma funyaaniitti hidhate wajjin falmii godhaa jiran qabsoo isaanii dagachuu fi xiqqeessuufii miti. Gootonni keenya, keessumaayuu dargaggootni Oromoo kufaa fi diina kuffisaa jiru. Haa ta’u malee, bar-kurnee lamaan dabran kana keessatti injifannoolee maaltu galmaayan ykn jijjiiramni mul’ate maali jennee yoo gaafii kaasne, deebii gaafii kanaa isinumaafan dhiisa. Jijjiiramni mooraa keenya keessatti mula’te yoo jiraate, jaarmayootni fi gareeleen heddoomuu; humni Oromoo gara garatti faffaca’uu; diina dhiisanii walirratti duuluu,… fi kkf. Kun maaliif ta’uu danda’e jennee deebinee of gaafachuu qabna. Dhugaan lafarra jiru tokko, erga ABOn mootummaa ce’umsaa Itoophiyaa keessaa bayee; hogganootni isaas gara biyya alaa deemanii kaasee yoo ilaalle, qabsoonis isaanuma wajjin alatti baatee achumatti waan hafte fakkaatti. Warri biyyaa bahan kun qabsoo dhiisan ykn dhaaban jechuu kiyyaa miti. Qabsoon biyya alaa keessatti godhamaa jiru kun bifa maal qaba? Qabsoo akkamiitu gaggeessamaa jira? fi kkf kaasuun barbaachisaa dha. Uummatni Oromoo kan biyya keessa jiru, warri ala jiran keessumaayuu ABOn yoom humna cimaa ta’ee deebi’ee nuu dhufa jedhanii bara baraan eegaa jiru. Kana qofaa miti. Warri biyya keessa jiran maqaa ABOtiin balaa meeqatu isaanirra gayaa jira? Yoo uummatni keenya dararaman warri biyya alaa jirru maal godhaa jirra? Wanti biyya alaatti godhamaa jiru faallaa hawwii uummata bal’aa Oromoo ti. Uummatni keenya kan inni hawwu fi eegaas jiru, jaarmayootni isaaf qabsoofna jedhan waliigalanii, tokkummaa ijaaranii, humna uumanii gabrummaa jalaa akka isa baasanii dha. Jaarmayootni fi qabsaa’otni keenya kan biyya alaa jiran maal godhaa jiru? Hawwii uummata bal’aa kanaa guutuu dagatanii ykn yaamicha isaatiif owwaachuu dhiisanii; humna Oromoo uumuurra gara gara wal hiruu; walirratti duuluu; wal arrabsuu; wal abaaruu; wal dura dhaabbachuu; wal laaffisuu filatanii; mooraa keenyas tasgabbii fi nagaa dhoowwaa (dhoorkaa) akka jiran abbaa fedhe jalaayuu waan dhokatuu miti. Mee ilaalaa, jaaramyoota ykn gareelee ykn murnoota Oromoo meeqatu jiru? Akka haala yerootti, tooftaalee gara garaa yaaduun; karaalee adda addaas yaaluun waanuma adeemsa siyaasaa fi qabsoo keessa jiruu dha. Haa ta’u malee, kaayyoo ganama manaa bahaniif otuu hin jijjiirin; isa kana galiidhaan gayuuf tooftaa fi tarsiimoo adda addaatti fayyadamanii qabsaa’uun otuu danda’amuu; waldhabbii dhuunfaatiin ykn xiiqiidhaaf jedhanii humna Oromoo gara garatti hiruu fi laaffisuun qabsoo kana eessanuu gayuu hin dandeenye, hin danda’us. Mee rakkoon mooraa keenya keessa jiru rakkoo kaayyoo ti haa jennu. Yoo akkan ta’e ammoo har’a kaayyoon qabsoo Oromoo mooraa keenya keessatti yoomiyyuu caalaa ifa ta’ee bakkee lamatti bayee jira – Itoophiyaa diimookraatessuu fi Oromiyaa walaboomsuu. Jaarmayoota Oromoo yoo ilaalle ammoo otuma kaayyoo lamaan kana keessaa kaayyoo walfakkaataa ykn tokko qabanuu garuu ammallee bakkee hedduutti hiramanii jiru. Fakkeenyaaf gama tokkoon ABO QC, ABO Shanee Gumii, KY ABO, GQM ABO fi THBO (ULFO) …kaayyoo tokko waan qaban fakkaatu. Gama biraatiin ammoo ABO murni G/ Kamaal Galchuutiin hogganamuu fi warra yeroo ammaa WMO jedhanii tarii jaarmayaa haaraa? ijaaruuf deeman yoo ilaalle, isaanis kaayyoo walfakkaataa waan qaban natti fakkaatu. Maarree, erga hunduu karaa ofii filatanii, akka walfakkeenya kaayyoo isaaniitti maaliif walitti hin baqne ykn tokkummaa kaayyoo hin uumne? Erga waan isaan barbaadan ykn galiin isaan hawwan tokko ta’ee, maaltu tokkoomuu isaan dhoowwe? Xiiqii dur walirraa qabantu sababa ta’e moo gaafii aangootu isaan rakkisaa? Moo iccitii biraatu duuba jira? Humna mooraa Oromoo jabeessuu fi cimsuu kan danda’u silaa tokkummaa hundaa hammatu ture. Haa ta’u malee, jaarmayootni Oromoo hunduu bakkee tokkotti dhufanii tokkummaa hundaa hammatu ijaaruun rakkisaa yoo ta’e, kaayyoo itti amanan qabatanii bakkee lamaan kanatti tokkummaa kaayyoo ijaaruun maaliif rakkisaa ta’a? Hanga yoomiitti gara garatti hiramanii walumarratti duuluudhaan humna Oromoo laaffisu? Bu’aan isaanis ta’ee uummatni Oromoo haala uumame kanarraa argatu maali? Akkan ofii kiyyaa hubadhutti, rakkoon mooraa keenyaa suuta suuta gaafii aangoo ta’aa waan deemu natti fakkaata. Qabsaa’aan kaayyoo tokkotti amanu fi isa kanas galii hawwamu tokkotti geessuuf kutatee ka’e, hanga xumuraatti qabsaa’a malee duubatti hin deebi’u; asii fi achi hin jedhu. Kanaaf ammoo qabsaa’ota keenya kan qabsoo kana keessatti wareegaman akka fakkeenyaatti fudhachuu dha. Kan fagoo dhiisnee kanuma dhiyoo kanaatuu yoo ilaalle, Gooticha keenya Jaarraa Abbaa Gadaa kaasuu ni dandeenya. Ergan waayee gootota keenyaa kaase, mee waanan dhiyoo kana konfaransii Waldaa Qorannoo Oromoo (OSA) irratti viidiyoodhaan arge tokkon akka fakkeenyaatti dhiyeessa. Gootni Oromoo Aaddee Urjii Dhaabaa waan keessa dabartee as geesse yoo haasoftu, gama tokkoon imimmaan kiyya qabuun dadhabe. Gara biraatiin garuu waan ishiin dubbatte tokko qalbii kiyya na harkise. “Booyuu otuu hin taane, waan booyicha fidu hanbisuu dha” jette. Warri konfaransii sanarra turanis akkamitti garaan isaan badee akka booyan ni mul’ata. Yeroo dabres, yeroo Aaddee Asili Oromoo haasoftus akkasuma uummatni imimmaan gadinaqe. Sunis guyyuma sana malee, booda hirraanfatamee hafe. Kan aaddee Urjiis akkasuma ta’uuf deema ta’a. Konfaransii Aaddee Urjiin irratti haasofte sanarratti, manguddoonni ka’anii aariidhaan akkamitti akka dubbatani fi “Adaraa Waaqaa….” jechuu dhaan yaamicha tokkummaas akka dabarsan ni argama. Yaamichi kun dhagayamuu ykn dhagayamuu baachuu isaa waan arguuf deemnu dha. Kan dubartootni keenya keessa dabranii as gayan kunillee nutti hin mul’atuu? Dubartootni gootonni kan akka Aaddee Urjii Dhaabaa meeqatu wareegaman? Gootota meeqatu bosona fi gaara Oromiyaa keessatti kufan? Meeqatu kufaas jiru? Gara xumura xalayaa kiyyaatti deemuudhaaf, ani jaarmayoota (gareelee) Oromoo fi qabsaa’ota Oromoo kan biyya alaa jiraniif dhaamsa xiqqoo dabarsuun barbaada. Biyyatti deebitanii qabsaa’uun yoo isin sodaachise ykn rakkisaa ta’e; uummata Oromoo kan biyya keessa jiruu fi nu dhaqqabinuu laataa jedhanii isin eegaa jiran bira gayuu kan hin dandeenye yoo taatan; yoo dhuguma uummata kanaaf dhaabbanna kan jettan ta’e, waan tokko godhuu akka dirqama Oromummaatti fudhachuu qabdu. Xinnaatee yoo xinnaate, warri biyya keessa jiran, qabsaa’otni Oromoo ala jiran tokkooman jedhanii caalaatti akka hamilee argatan, gara garatti fafacaatanii hafuu dhaabaatii akka kaayyoo qabdanii fi itti amantanitti tokuummaa kaayyoo uumaa. Otuu humna ofii hin jabeessin, otuu humna sodaachisaa hin qabaatin, diinatti (Habashaatti) kaachuu fi tumsa isaanii barbaaduun eessanuu isin hin gayu. Booddeen isaa kufaatii ta’a malee bu’aa ni fida jedhee ani ofii kiyya hin amanu. Yoo humni Oromoo jabaatee, cimee fi sodaachisaa ta’e booda tumsa alaa barbaaduun nama hin sodaachisu. Gaafa sana ormatu tumsa nurraa barbaada malee, nuyi tumsa barbaaduu hin deemnu. Tokkummaa uumuurratti waayeen taayitaa ykn aangoo kan isin sodaachisu yoo ta’e, qabsaa’aa tokko kan bakkee olaanaa kennisiisuuf dandeettii, beekumsa, kutannoo fi murannoo isaa waan ta’uuf, kana uummata ykn miseensotatu arguu fi madaaluu danda’u. Kanaaf, kora hundaa hammatu qopheessuudhaan isa kanarratti kan wayyabni itti amanu bakkee isaaf ta’u argachuu danda’a. Wal sodaatanii essayuu gahuun hin danda’amu. Warri hanga har’aatti yeroo dheeraadhaaf jaarmayoota hogganaa turani fi jiranis, akka seera fi sirna Gadaatti dhaloota ittiaanuuf bakkee gadidhiisuun jijjiiramni akka mul’atu taasisa. Kunis jaarmayoota Oromoo keessatti aadaa ta’uu qaba. Afaaniin waayee sirna Gadaa haasa’aa karaa biraatiin garuu faallaa kanaa dalaguun, gara abbaa irrummaatti nama geessuu danda’a. Kuni ammoo egeree keenyaaf gaarii hin ta’u. Karaa biraatiin ammoo, uummata mari’achiisuun ykn uummata waliin marii godhuun barbaachisaa ta’ullee, walgayii gaggeessuudhaan, kora xiqqaa kora guddaa jechuudhaan, yeroo dheeraa balleessuurra daddaffiidhaan xinnaatullee hojiidhaan waan tokko mul’isuun uummatatti abdii hora. Yoo akkan hin taane, amantaa uummatni isinirraa qabu hir’achaa deema. Dhumarratti, akka yaada fi ilaalcha kiyyaatitti, waan tokko hubachuu qabna. Tooftaa fi tarsiimoof jedhamees haa ta’u; hammuma fedhan nuti diimookraatota ofiin haa jedhan; otuu humna Oromoo sodaachisaa hin qabaatin ykn hin uumin, Habashoota amannee isaan wajjin hojjennee ykn tumsa ijaarree; uummata Oromoo gabrummaa keessaa baasna jechuun anaaf abjuu dha. Karaan kun yeroo baay’ee akka yaalamee ture seenaatu ragaa ta’a. Bu’aan inni fide hin jiru. Projektii hin milkoofne yaaluun booddeen isaa kisaaraa fi kufaatii ta’a malee uummata Oromootiif bu’aa hin argamsiisu. Jaalannus jibbinus dhugaa kanatti amanuu qabna. Waan barbaadnu tokko argachuu kan dandeenyu yoo humna cimaa fi abdachiisaa, sodaachisaa qabaanne qofaa dha. Humni akkanaa ammoo tokkummaa dhugaarraa madda. Tokkummaa humnoota Oromoo qofaatu injifannootti nu geessuu danda’a jechuu dha. Karaa galii QBOtiinis yoo ilaalle, kan uummata keenyaaf wabii ta’uu danda’u guutumaa guututti bilisummaa fi abbaabiyyummaa uummata Oromoo mirkaneessuudhaa ala furmaatni biraa natti hin mul’atu. Kanaaf, qabsoo keenya galii kanaan gahuuf, tokkummaa qabsaa’ota Oromoo, kan hundaa hammatu ijaaruun yoomiyyuu caalaa yeroon isaa amma dha. Gootota galii kana argamsiisuuf jedhanii wareegaman yaadadhaa. Dhiiga ilmaan Oromoo dhangalaye fi dhangala’aa jiru; lafee ilmaan Oromoo qabsoo kana keessatti caccabe yaadadhaa. Lammiilee keenya kan mana hidhaa keessatti dararamaa jiran; kan biyya alaattillee dararama kana jalaa bayuu hin danda’in hundaa yaadadhaa. Uummata irraa dhalattan, kan isin guddisee sadarkaa kanaan isin gaye yaadadhaa. Oromoon wal malee akka hin qabne hubadhaa. Hiree keenya numatu murteeffata malee oromi kana akka nuuf hin goone beekaa. Dhugaa kanaaf jedhaatii haal-duree tokko malee tokkoomaa. Galatoomaa! Abdii Boruu: aboruu@gmail.com


Fuula Dura3

Fuula Dura3

Section::::Intro.
Afaan Oromoo beektaa?

Wikipedia ka jedhamu kuni kuusa beekumsaa tolaan warra tajajilamuun baarreessamu dha. Kan hanga amma barrefaman ilalluf link Kana bani. Barresu jalqabu fi akkasumas akkam akka barresan illaluf kutta Qarqarsa jedhu kan bitta fuula kanatti argamu bani yokan kana -> bani. Dictionary Oromo guddisuf yokan ilalluf Oromo Dictionary bani. Enyuni mani akka barrese ilalluf "Jijjirama Dhiho" kan jedhu yokan kana -->
bani.

Oduu Jijjirama Barbadu

Akka presidantii hara Franceitt Nicolas Sarkozyiin Élysée Palace (fakki ilalli) kessatti “ceremony” gamachu godhaniraf . 21-gun salute bakka sunitti godhameraf. Innis presidantumma kan fudhatte presidantii dura Jacques Chirac irratti.

 * Prime Ministeriin Australia John Howard jedhamu national cricket team iin Australia Zimbabwe akka hin demne mottumman akka dhowee iffaa godhee.

Section::::Oduu May 14.
 * Montreal, Québec Canada kessatti dilbatta irratti polisiin Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) fi Montreal Police Service irra dhufanni, FBI's "Ten Most Wanted" fugitives kan ta’e Richard Golberg qabu dandanirru.

Section::::Oduu May 11.
 * NASAn telescope harra "Hubble Space Telescope" callu kan "James Webb Space Telescope" jedhamu iffa godhee.
HD 149026b jedhamaa.

Oduu Turre

Section::::FIFA.
Kubba Milla (Soccer)

FIFA.COM LINKS

B

Section::::A-B.
C-D-E- MORE


Kitaaba

Kitaaba


Qubee Afaan Oromoo

Qubee Afaan Oromoo

Qubeen Afaan Oromoo, Afaan Oromoo baruuf bu'ura dha. Qubeen kun ka'umsi isaa Laatinii yoo ta'u yeroo ammaatti bal'inaan itti hojjetamaa kan jiru dha. Qubeen Afaan Oromoo qubee guguddaa fi qubee xixiqqaa jedhamuun lamatti qoodama.

Section::::Qubee Guguddaa.
Gabateen armaan gadii qubee Afaan Oromoo gurguddaa agarsiisa:

Qubeelee armaan olitti barreeffaman alattis qubeen Afaan Oromoo qubee guguddaa warra qubee dachaa ta'a of keessaa qaba. Isaanis:
Hubachiisa: P, TS, V, Z, fi Zy n sagalee fi jechoota afaan ollaa fi addunyaa biraa irraa ergiffanne. Itti gargaaramuuf akka salphatuuf kan uumame malee sagalee dubbifamaa kanniin Afaan Oromoo keessatti hin argaman

Section::::Qubee Xixiqqaa.
Afaan Oromoo qubee xixiqqaa gabatee armaan gadii keessatti agarsiifaman qaba:
Qubeelee armaan olitti barreeffaman alattis qubeen Afaan Oromoo qubee xixiqqaa warra qubee dachaa ta'an of keessaa qaba. Isaanis:

Hubachiisa: p, v, z, ts, fi zy n aadaa sabafi sablammii naannoo Oromoo jiraatanii calaqqisiisuuf kan uumamani malee Afaan Oromoo keessa hin jirani. Garuu, jechoota ergissan dhufan waajin, qubeewwan kun amma tokko Afaan Oromoo keessatti hojiirra oolaniiru.

Section::::Qubee Dachaa Saddeettan (8) barreessi.
Qubeen dachaa qubee sagalee addaa ta'e, kan qubeewwan digdamii jahan keessa hin jirre of keessaa qabu. Sagalee qubee kanneenii qubeewwan dubbifamaa gara garaa lama walitti fiduun barreeffamu. Qubeewwan dachaan kunniin qubee akka SH, NY ,CH, DH, PH ,KH fi TS ti. Qubeewwan dachaa kanneen keessa qubeen "TS" quboota akka "P","V" fi "Z" dabalatee qubee ergifannaa ykn qubee alagaa jedhamanii beekkamu.

Kitaaba Sheek Mahaammad Rashaad Abdullee Carcar


Akkoo

Akkoo

Akkoo jechuun haadha abbaa ofii yookaan haadha haadha offii jechuu dha. Fakkeenyaaf yoo maqaan nama tokkoo guutummaatti Baacaa Fayyisaa Tolaa yoo ta'e fi maqaan haadha nama kanaa Baaccuu Dhufeeraa yoo ta'e, haati manaa Obbo Tolaa yookaan haati manaa Obbo Dhufeeraa nama kanaaf akkoo ta'uufi jechuu dha.


Oromoo

Oromoo

Oromoon uummata afaan hortee Kuush dubbatu kan Bahaa fi Kaaba-Baha Afrikaa keessatti argaman keessaa isa guddaadha. Odeeffannoon jiru akka ibsutti, ummanni Oromoo akka hawaasaatti Gaanfa Afrikaa keessa waggoota kuma baay'eedhaaf jiraachaa ture (Prouty et al., 1981). Bates (1979) Oromoon sanyiii duriifi jalqabumaa kaasee naannoo kana jiraachaa tureedha, tarii uummattoonni naannoo Baha Afrikaa kaan baayyeen kan irratti waraabamani.

Section::::Dhufaatii.
Ka'umsi Oromoo eessaa akka ta'e sirriitti hubachuuf qorannoon dabalataa barbaachisuyyuu, Oromoon jalqabarratti akka horsiisee-bulaatti fi/ykn gartokkeen qotee-bulaatti jiraachaa ture jedhamee amanama. Qorattoonni seenaa baayyen gosoonni Oromoo (Baale) muraasni fiixee-kibbaa Itoophiyaa har'aa keessa waggaa kumaa ol jiraacha akka turan walii galu. Qoratoonni kun Godaansi Oromoo daldalaan-dhiibbame ummata Oromoo gara bakka har'a jiraatan walakkaa fi dhihaa Itooophiyaa jaarraa 16ffaa fi 17ffaatti akka fide dubbatu. Kaartaan durii kan impaayera Aaksum/Abisiniyaa fi Adaal/Sumaalee Oromoon gara walakkaa Itoophiyaa har'aatti haaraa ta'uu agarsiisa. Barnoota garii == Dhufaatii ==
Ka'umsi Oromoo eessaa akka ta'e sirriitti hubachuuf qorannoon dabalataa barbaachisuyyuu, Oromoon jalqabarratti akka horsiisee-bulaatti fi/ykn gartokkeen qotee-bulaatti jiraachaa ture jedhamee amanama. Qorattoonni seenaa baayyen gosoonni Oromoo (Baale) muraasni fiixee-kibbaa Itoophiyaa har'aa keessa waggaa kumaa ol jiraacha akka turan walii galu. Qoratoonni kun Godaansi Oromoo daldalaan-dhiibbame ummata Oromoo gara bakka har'a jiraatan walakkaa fi dhihaa Itooophiyaa jaarraa 16ffaa fi 17ffaatti akka fide dubbatu. Kaartaan durii kan impaayera Aaksum/Abisiniyaa fi Adaal/Sumaalee Oromoon gara walakkaa Itoophiyaa har'aatti haaraa ta'uu agarsiisa. Barnoota garii

Section::::Seenaa As Dhihoo.
 agarsiisu]]
Akka seenaan ibsutti, ummanni Oromoo bulchiinsaaf Sirna Gadaa fayyadamaa ture. Oromoon mootummoota ofbulchan muraasas qaba, kanas ummata Sidaamaa wajjin qooddata. Kana keessaa mootummoota naannoo Gibee ta'an Geeraa, Gommaa, Garo, Gummaa, Jimmaa fi Limmuu-Inaariyaa, fi akkasumas mootummaa Jireeni.

Akka seenaan dubbatutti, walmorkiin karaa nagaa fi waraanaa ummata Oromoo fi sabootaa ollaa kan akka Amaaraa, Sidaamaa fi Sumaalee wajjin ture siyaasa hawaasa Oromoorratti dhiibbaa fide. Goddansi Oromoonni akka Yajuu gara kaabatti godhan, fi keessumattuu Oromoon Arsii gara lafa saba Sumaalee fi Sidaamaatti godhan baballiinsa Amaarri gara kibbaatti godhe wajjin wal fakkaata, fi siyaasa sanyii Itoophiyaa kan harraa kana boce. Akkasumas, baballinni guddaan Sumaalee lafa diriiraa Ogaadeniirraa gara dhihaatti gara laga Jubaatti godhame Oromoo wajjiniin walitti bu'iinsa fide. Iddoo tokko tokkotti, Oromoonii fi Sumaalen qabeenya uummamaa fi lafa gabbata irratti walitti bu'aa turan. Dabalataan, Oromoonni Bahaa, kan Islaamummaa fudhatanii turan, warra Sumaalee fi Affaar wajjin qaama Sulxaana Adaal kan Islaamaa hordofuu turan. Sulxaanni Adaal hooggana Imaam Ahimad Ibin Ibraahim Al-Gaazii jalatti Impaayera Abisiiniyaa kan Kiristaana ture qabachuuf duule ture.

Qorataan seenaa Riichaardi Paankirasti odoo humnoonni Yuurooppi hin dhufinii fi mootummaan Itoophiyaa hin hundaa'in dura, naannon amma Itoophiyaa, Eertiraa fi Somaaliyaa jedhamu kana:

Tuuta mootummootaa fi bulchiinsotaa qabata, tokkoon tokkoonsaanii ofumasaaanii kan socho'an turan, garummoo warra kaani dhiibbessaa fi warra kaanin dhiibbeffamaa turan. Bulchaan tokko bulchaa biyya biraa of eeggannoodhan ilaala garummoo yeroo baayyee kennaa fi dhaamsaa garii wal jijjiiru, tarii yoo wal waraanaa jiraatan malee. Sanyiin warra mootii karaa fuudhaa walitti hidhuun baramaadha, garuu yeroo baayyee daangaa amantii hin cabsuu. Karaa biraa, daldalli, garaagarummaa amantii ilaalcha keessa kan galche miti, karaan daldalaa mootummoota amantii aadaa, kiristaana, fi Islaama hordofan walitti hidha. Hawaasni fi sabni afaan mataasaa dubbatu baayyinaan warra kaanirraa adda ta'eetu jiraata, garuu aadaa walirraa dhaalun ni jira. Kunis qarqara Galaana Diimaa fi Gaarren Itoophiyaa keessatti qofa odoo hin taane, gara kibbaa daangaa Sumaalee fi Oromoo dabalata; achittis kara-deemtonni dhuma jaarraa 19ffaa keessa garas deeman hawaasa daldalu kan afaan baayyee dubbatu arganiiru.

Wagga kurnan jalqabaa jaarraa 19ffaa keessaa, mootummaan Oromoo sadi'i Inaariyaa, Gommaa fi Gumaan cimanii dhufan. Naannoon kun walumatti lafa-Oromoo jedhamee yoo beekkamu lafa walakeessaa fi kibba Itoophiyaa qabata, kunis yeroo amma lafa sabni Oromoo hin taane irra jiraatu of keessatti qabata. Gumaachi Oromoo Itoophiyaa hundeessuu keessatti yoo ilaallame, Goobana Daaccii waraana geggeessudhaan mootummoota bilisummaan jiraachaa turan Itoophiyaa jalatti galcheera. Goobanaan Minilik jala galuudhan mootummoota Oromoo baayyee cabsee Itoophiyaa jalatti galche. Sababa kanaafis Oromoonnii Goobanaa akka gantuutti ilaalu. Itoophiyaan har'aa odoo hin hundaa'in dura daldallii naannoo, karaa dheeraa fi daangaa qaxxaamuru Itoophiyaa har'aa, Eertiraa fi kutaan Somaaliyaa walitti hidhee ture. Karaan daldalaa kun Boongaa, Jimma, Saqqaa, Asandaaboo, Goojjam, Bageemidir, Maramma, Misuwwaa, Sooddo, Shawaa, Harar, Zaayilaa fi Baarbaraa walitti qabsiisa ture.

Bara 1973tti, Oromoon Itoophiyaa keessatti hacuuccamuunsaanii waan daangaa dhabeef ABO hundeessan; ABOnis naannoo Oromiyaa keessatti ummata sochoosuu jalqabe. Baruma kana Itoophiyaa keessa beela hamaa kan ummataa nuusa miliyoonatii ol ta'u fixetu dhufe; kanarrattis mootummaan Hayila Sillaasee tarkanfii fudhatee gargaarsi akka rabsamu eeyyamuufillee yeroo dheeraa itti fudhate. Namoonni beelan dhuman baayyensaanii Oromootaa fi Amaarotaa Walloo, Affaarii fi Tigroota turan. Bara 1974 Finfinnee keessa hiriira nagaa fi fincila hojii dhaabuutu jira ture; baruma kana Gurraandhala keessa mootummaan Hayila Sillaasee kufee Dargiin aangoo qabate; garuu ammas kaawonsiliin kun Amaaradhaan kan guuttame ture, namoota miseensa kaawonsilii kanaa 125 keessa 25 qofatu Amaara miti. Bara 1975 mootummaan lafti baadiyyaa hundi kan mootummaa akka ta'e labse, sirna abbaa lafaas balleesse. Garuu, bu'aan kunis qonnaa waliinii kan dirqamaa, qonnaa mootummaa fi sagantaa ummata dirqamaan qubsiisuurraan kan ka'e galmaa gaa'uu dide.

Mudde 2009tti, gabaasni fuula 96 qabu kan "Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora" jedhamu kan "Advocates for Human Rights" jedhamuun qophaa'e sarbama mirga dhala namaa ummata Oromoo mootummoota Itoophiyaa sadan darban: Impaayera Abisiiniyaa kan Hayila Sillaaseen bulchaa ture, sirna Maarkisistii kan hordofu Dargii fi kan har'a Itoophiyaa bulchaa jiru ADWUI kan ABUT(Adda Bilisummaa Ummata Tigraayin) hoogganamu, jalatti irra ga'e gabaasa. ABUT miseensota ABO tilmaaman 20,000 ta'u kan hidhan yoo ta'u hoggantoota ABO hunda biyyaa ari'aniiru, ABOn Itoophiyaa keessatti akka dhaaba siyaasaatti akka hin sochoone godhaniiru.

Akka Biiroo Mootummoota Gamtoomanii Komishinera Olaanaa Mirga Namaatti, Oromia Support Group (OSG) bara 2005 hanga Hagayya 2008tti Oromoonni 594 odoo gara mana murtiitti hin geeffamin humnoota nageenyaa mootummaa Itoophiyaatin ajjeeffamaniiru, 43 ammoo mana hidhaa erga galanii booda dhabamaniiru.

Akka Gabaasa Amnistii Internaashinaal "BECAUSE I AM OROMO" jedhu kan bara 2014 baase ibsutti hacuuccaan mootummaan ADWUI ilmaan Oromoorraan ga'u cimee kan itti fufe ta'uu ibsa. Bara 2011 hanga bara 2014 gidduutti qofa, Oromoonni 5,000 ol ta'an mootummaa karaa nagaatin warri morman ykn mormu jedhamanii shakkaman mana hidhaatti galfamaniiru. Itoophiyaa keessa gazeexessitonnii dhuunfaa fi miidiyaan bilisaa waan hin jirreef, lakkoofsi namoota hidhamanii kun kana caaluu danda'a jedha. Miseensonnii dhaaba siyaasaa seeran galmaa'ee socho'uullee odoo hin hafin kan dhibbaa olitti lakkaawwaman mana hidhaatti akka darbaman dubbata.

Section::::Dimoogiraafii.
Uummanni Oromoo Itoophiyaa, kan walumaagalatti sablammoota afaan 74 dubbatan qabdu, keessatti saba isa guddaadha. Oromoonni 95% ta'an qubatanii kan qonnaan bulanii fi horiisee bultoota godaanani. Oromoon tooftaa qonnaa aadaa duubatti hafaa ta'e kan hordofu yoo ta'u jireenyi isaanis irra caala harkaa gara afaanitti. Oromoonni muraasni naannoo magaalaa jiraatu.

Ummatni Oromoo kaabaan hanga Tigraay, kibbaan hanga Keeniyaa faffaca'ee argama. Oromoon harki caalaan naannoo Oromiyaa keessa kan jiraatan yoo ta'u hangi tokkommoo kaaba Keeniyaa keessa jiraatu. Kana malees Oromoonni hangi tokko naannoo Amaaraa godina addaa saba Oromoo keessaa naannoo Tigraay aanaalee akka Raayyaa Azaboo jiraatu. Sabaa fi sablammoota naannoo Beenishaangul Gumuz keessa jiraatu keessa harki caalaan saba Oromooti.

Section::::Afaan.
Ummanni Oromoo Afaan Oromoo (Oromiffas ni jedhama) dubbata. Afaan Oromoon maatii afaanii Afroo-Eeshiyaatik jalatti ramadama. Gaanfa Afrikaa keessa Oromoon saba kuushii dubbatu guddicha dha. Akka itinooloogin jedhutti, addunyaa guutuutti ummata 40,467,900tu Afaan Oromoo dubbata. Afaan Oromoo damee afur gurguddaatti qoqqooddama: Afaan Oromoo Booranaa-Arsii-Gujii, Afaan Oromoo Bahaa, Afaan Oromoo Dhihaaf Walakeessaa fi Afaan Oromoo Ormaati.

Yeroo ammaa Afaan Oromoo qubee Laatiniitin barreeffama.gahee guddaa kan tapatanii jalqabarratti sheikh bakri sapaloo turan. Qubeen Saaphaalloos Afaan Oromoo barreesuuf keessattu baha Oromiyaatti tajaajila ture. haa tauu malee qubeen isaan kaayan osoo hojii irra hin oolin hayyuun fi bekhaan oromoo DR Sheikh Mohammed-rashad khabir Abdullee kan dhalootan gama baha oromiyaa naannawa harar turan lafa kaayanii akka ummanni itti fayyadamu godhan.kitaabota amantaas dabalatee kitaaba hedduu afaan biroo irraa gara afaan oromootti barreessan.Nannoo Oromoonni baayyen Musliima ta'anitti ammoo qubeen Arabaa Afaan Oromoo barreessuf fayyadamaa turan. Onesmoos Nasib eenyu hundeeffame caasluga Afaan Oromoo ammayyaa.

Oromoo Saba horsiisee bultoota (Pastoralist/nomadic) fi gartokkee qonnaan bultoota (semi-agriculturalist) jedhaman keessaa akka dhufe amanama.Jaarraa 16 keessatti eega mootummaan Habashaa fi Sulxaanetii Adaal wal hadhanii lachuu dadhabanii dhiisanii booda, ummanni Oromoo gara Kaabaatti (kaaba Oromiyaa ammaatti)babal'atan. Abbaan amantii "Baahiree" jedhamu akka bara 1593tti barreessetti jajjabeenya Oromoon yeroo sunitti qabu cimaa akka ture ibseera. Baahiree itti aanee Oromoon akka gara kaaba-dhihaatti gara Arsii, Shawaa, Wallagga fi Goojjam akkasumas gara kaaba-bahaan gara Harargee fi Walloo akka fafaca'e ibseera. Haroold G. Maarkas(Harold G. Marcus) akka jedhetti kaabi-dhihaa Boorana akka bakki Oromoon duran qubate akka ta'e ibseera. Jaarraa 17 jalqabee Oromoon Amaara irraa gargar bahuu jalqaban. Haa ta'u malee, Oromoon bulchiinsa Itoophiyaa bara suni keessatti bakka argachuu jalqabde. Keessattuu Emperor Iyo'as 1ffaan (1730-55) Oromoota saba haadha isaa ta'an ofitti dhiheessuu jalqabe. Akkasumas waltajjii Gondar keessatti Afaan Oromoo akka dubbatamu taasise. Bara "Zemene Mesafinti" keessatti dhaloota Oromoo kan ta'an Yejjuun bara dheeraaf waraanaan Imperoota Itoophiyaa dursaa turan. Akkasumas Bageemidir, Enderases jalatti qoodamuu jalqaban. Yejjuunis Raas Alii 1ffaa jala bulaa ture, haa ta'u malee, bara dheeraan duuba Tewodiroos 1ffaan Raas Alii 1ffaa injifate. Ta'us, ammallee Impereronni Itoophiyaa waan dadhabaniif waraanni Yejjuu Itoophiyaa keessaa tokkoffaa ture.

Oromoonni bara sunnitti beekkamoo turan keessaa

Humnaa fi maatii imperiyaalaa wajjin walitti qabamuf jecha ummatni Oromoo hedduun Kiristaanummaatti jijjiiramanii turan. Itti fufee immoo, gara dhuma 1800ffaatti, Imperer Yohaannis 4ffaan gosa Oromoo Walloo keessa jiran hunda akka Kiristaanummaatti jijjiraman yookaan immoo akka qabeenya isaanii dhaban sodaachisee ture. Kun immoo gosa Oromoo lafa warra dhiisan akka gara kibbaatti godaanan warra godhee ture. Bulchaan Oromoo Mohaammad maqaa jijjiratee Abbaa lafaa Mikaa'el jedhame, niitii erga fuudhee booda abbaa Imperer Iyyaasuu 4ffaa ta'e.

Section::::Qoqqoodama Oromoo!!
Uummanni Oromoo bakka kudha lamatti adda baha. Bakka dhiha baha irra eegalee hanga bahaatti tuutni kun:

Section::::Bulchiinsa.
Oromoon waggaa dheeran dura jalqabee sirna Gadaatin bulaa ture. Sirni Gadaa sirna dimokiraatawaa kan ammaa wajjin kan wal fakkaatu yoo ta'u, aangoo waggaa saddeetitti wal harkaa fuudhama.

Section::::Hidda Hortee Ilmaan Oromoo.
1. Booraana

2. Bareentu

Booranni Ilmman12 dhalee. Isaanis:-

1,wallagga

2,callabba

3,goree

4,goofaa

5,sidaamoo

6,arii

7,dacee

8,garrii

9,guraa

10,giriirraa

11,naayroobii.fii

12,gujii

Booranni ilmaan shan dhale

1,xummuungaa

2,murawwa

3,karrayyuu

4,hunbanna

5,Qal’oo

Xummuungaan Ilmman 3dhalee
1,arsii

2,asoosaa

3,hawaasa

Murawwaan,1dhalee.innis.ltuudha.jedhama.

Ituun,10,dhalee.isaanis

1,waatee

2,gaamoo

3,baayee

4,galaan

5,Addaayyoo

6,baabboo.

7,waaree

8,algaa

9,gaaddullaa

10,Elolloo
Karrayyuun,barentuu ilmmaan

12.dhalee.
1,dullachaa

2,Abbichuu

3,gonbichuu

4,sayyuu

5,oboo

6,oborii

7,jiillee

8,bullaalla

9,mucee

10,galaan

11,salaalee,

12,wallo
Hunbannaan.ilma, 1 dhalee

Innis.Anniyyaa.jedhama
Anniyyaa..7dhalee
1,malkka

2,baabboo

3,dinbii

4,baaduu..(biduu)

5,mucii

6,naanna.a

7,kudheedhee

Qallo.4.. dhalee

1.ala

2,daga

3,oborraa

4,baabbile

Ala 12 dhalee

1,abbayii

2,nuunnu

3,kaaku

4,buubbu

5,diiramuu

6,abbaadho

7,goollo

8,Eerii

9,utayyu

10,gaalan

11,meettaa

12,arroojjii
Dagaa 3 dhalee
1,noolee

2,jaarsoo

3,huume.

Oborraan..3 dhalee

1,akkichu

2,bil,l

3,dooranii
Baabbile 3 dhalee
1,gantuub

2,hawiyyaa

3,hawaasilee

Arsiin, 2 dhalee

1,sikkoo

2,mandoo
Sikkoo ,5 dhalee

1,buullaalla

2,wucaalee

3,wooji

4,jaawwii

5,llaannii
Mandi 7 dhalee

1,raayituu(raa’idoo)

2,hawaxxuu

3,karaara

4,karrayyuu

5,meettaa

6,arroojii

7,garjeeda

Akkichuu.. oborraa ilma,2, dhalee

1,dhaayii

2,biliidaa

Dhaayii 3,dhalee

1,dukkoo

2,kooyee

3,allaatayya

Billiidaan, 3 dhalee

1,godaana

2,busaa

3,allaa
Gujiin boorana 3 dhalee
1,hookkuu

2,Uraagaa

3,matii..maatii

Hookkuun 7dhalee

1,galalchaa

2,oborraa

3,michillee

4,heeraa

5,bundhituu

6,kinnoo

7,baallaa

Uraaggaan 6 dhalee

1,goolloo

2,hallaa”oo

3,Agantuu

4,daraartuu

5,sarboortuu

6,waajituu

Maatiin 3 dhalee

1,hirqaantuu

2,linsoolee

3,hundee.


Senaa

Senaa

Oromon saba afaan kushi dubbatu kan baha fi kabba baha Afrikaa kessatti argaman kessa tokko dha.


Kuush

Kuush

Sabni afaan Kuushi dubbatu hundumti Bahaa fi Kaaba Baha Afrikaatti argamu. Guddinaan garuu ganfaa Afrikaa keessatti dubbatama. Afaan kuushi afaan Afroo-Eshiyaatik jalatti qoodama.
Afaanonni gurguddon Kuush jalatti ramadaman kan armaan gadiiti:
1. Afaan Oromoo - 45 miliyoona - Itoophiyaa, Keeniyaa...

2. Afaan Sumaalee - 18 miliyoona - Somaaliyaa, Itoophiyaa, Jibuutii..

3. Afaan Sidaamaa - 2 miliyoona - Itoophiyaa

4. Afaan Hadiyyaa - 1.6 miliyoona - Itoophiyaa

5. Afaan Affaar - 1.5 miliyoona - Itoophiyaa, Eertiraa, Jibuutii..

6. Afaan Kambaataa - 1.5 miliyoona - Itoophiyaa

Section::::References.
<references/>


Mana waqqa yesso dhuga

Mana waqqa yesso dhuga

"Mana waqqa yesso dhuga" ("True Jesus Church") iin mana Waaqa ofii danda'e kan Beijing, China kessatti hundefame dha. Hardha Misensotta
tilmamman milliona 2.5 ta'an yoo qabattu, biyyotta 45 fi ardii 6 kessatti argama. Churchiin kun church Pentecost kan kiriystanotta jalatti ramadamu kan centurii 20ffa dura burqee jallatti ramadama. Churchiin kun ergaa Waaqa dhufatti Yesoo kiristosii lammesoon dura saba cufaaf dhaqabsu hojii tokkofa godhaterra. Churchiin kun, yadaa maqaa Abba, Ilmaa fi Afuraa qulqullo "Trinity Concept" jedhamu osoo hin ta'in, yadaa "Barnotaa maqaa-yessoo" tokko ta'u Pentekostumma kan jedhamu fudhata.


Afrikaa

Afrikaa

Afrikaan addunyaa keessaa ardii guddittii lammaffaa fi ardii baay'ina ummataan Eshiyaatti aantee lammaffaa irra jirtu dha. Odollan(island) Afrikaatti dhihaataniin walitti qabame Afrikaan bal'inni ishee hanga 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 mi²) yoo ta'u, balinni kuni immoo 6.0% balinna addunyaa (lafaa fi bishaan walitti qabame) yo qabaattu, kan lafa qofaatiin immoo 20.4% ballina addunyaa qabata.

Bara 2016 baay'ina ummataa 1,225,080,510 caalu biyyoata 61 keessatti yoo qabdu, baayinni ummataa kun immoo 14% baayina ummata addunyaa ta'a. Ardiin kun kaabaan Galaana Mediteraaniyaanii, kaaba bahaan Suwiiz Kanaal fi Galaana Diimaa, kibba bahaan Garba Indiyaa, dhihaan immoo Garba Atilaantiikii daangeffamte argamti.

Madagaskaar iin walitti Afrikaa keessa biyyoota 46tti argama, odolaan walitti immoo biyyoota 53tti argama.


Main Page

Main Page

Abarraan Oromiyaa konyaa salaalee Ona
hidhabuu Abootee Ganda Dabalaa
bokkooloo iddoo addaa Qontore jedhamutti
bara 1981 haadha isaa aadde Mitikkee Tolaa Yaadatee fi abbaa isaa obbo Raggaa
Baallamii Gammadaa irraa dhalate. Akkuma ijoollee
baadiyyaa hamma umriinsaa barnootaaf
gahutti hojiilee xixiqqaa maatii gargaaraa
yeroo umriin barnootaaf qaqqabu bara 1988
mana barumsa naannuma sanitti argamu
MB Dabalaa Qontoreetti kutaa 1ffaa seene.
kutaa 1-5 manuma barumsa kanatti
barachuun kutaan itti aanu waan hin
jirreef lafa fageenya sa'aa 1 ol deemsisutti
imaluuf dirqame; mana barumsa
Alamganaa. kutaa 5-8 achumatti hordofuun
ammas sad. 2ffaa Aanaa hidhabuu Abootee
keessa waan hin turreef deemsa sa'aa 3
galaa torbee tokkoo baachuun gara aanaa
Kuyyuutti fuula naannefate. haatahu malee
umrii isaa waliin imalli kun ulfaataa waan
tureef akkasumas manni barumsa sad.
2ffaa Jeneraal Taaddasaa Birruu ni banama
odeeffannoo jedhu miidiyaan waan
dhagaheef kutaa 9 ffaa mana barumsa
Garba Gurraachaatti eegale addaan
muruun bara 1997 MB Jeneraal Taaddasaa Birruutti eegale.
Kutaa 9-10 achumatti xumuruun
Qophaa'inni yericha Aanicha waan hin
turreef MB Fiicheetti kutaa 11-12 baratee
fixuun bara 2001 immoo Yuunivarsiitii
Wallaggaa muummee Civics and ethical
studies qorachuun bara 2003 Digrii
jalqabaan eebbifame.


Kilimanjaaroo

Kilimanjaaroo

Kilimanjaron, qaraan Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze jedhame kan wamamu, garaa kabba baha Tanzaaniyaa tti argamu dha. Kilimanjaron adunyaa keessa dheerina garaa kobba ejjanii kessa tokkoffa dha. Jalatti dherinna 4600 metre (15,000 ft) kan ta'u, and akkasumas faggenaa gudda Afrikaa keessa 5,895 metres (19,340 ft) qaba, garrotta isaa marsani irra ilalcha nama gamachisu qaba. Kilimanjaro stratovolcano guddicha, yeroo ammatti kan ta'u osoo hin ta'in, fumarole wajjin dhoqa fixee kibo tti kan gas basu dha. Bara 2003 saayintistiin magma n baqee metre 400 gaditti akka argamu walii galani turan.


Tanzaaniyaa

Tanzaaniyaa

Tanzaaniyaan seeran United Republic Of Tanzania (Afaan Iswahiliin "Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania") kan jedhamtu biyya baha Afrikaatti argamtuu dha. Kaaban Keeniyaa fi Yugaandaan, dhihaan Ruwaandaa, Buruundii fi Democratic Republic Of the Congon, kibbaan Zaambiyaa, Malaawwii fi Moozambiikn fi bahaan immo Garba Indiyaatin marfamtee argamti.

Maqaan Tanzaaniyaa jedhamu kunii kan ba'eef maqaa Tangaanikaa kan kutaa lafaa ishee tateffi fi maqaa Zanziibaar lafaa ishe kan bishaniin marfamtee, dangaa bahan argamtu irra dhufee. Bara 1964, Tangaanikaan Zanziibaar wajjin tokko tate "United Republic Of Tanganyika and Zanzibar" ergaa jedhamte bodaa, barumma sunitti maqaa "United Republic Of Tanzania" jedhamu argatte.

Bara 1996 biroon motumma Daree Salaam irra Dodomaa tti jijjiramun, Dodoman magaalaa guddoo Tanzaaniyaa taate. Daree Salaam immoo "anna" dinagdee gudditti tatte.

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
United Republic Of Tanzania

Jecha Ummata Tanzania
"Uhuru na Umoja" - "Billisuma fi Tokkumma"

Sirbaa Allaba - Mungu ibariki Afrika- "Waqqii Africa haa Ebbisuu"

Magaalaa guddoo -

Magaalaa ballina gudda qabdu - Daree Salaam

Afaan tokkoffan -

Motummaa -

Pirezidaantii - Samia Suluhu

Muummicha ministeeraa - Nassim Majaliwa

Billisumma - United Kingdom irra argatte

Ballinaa lafa - 945,087 km square ykn 364,898 mile square

Parsentii bishaanii - 6.2%

Bayyina Ummattaa - tilmaama Nov 2006, 37,849,133; lakkoofsa bar 2002, 34,443,603

Density 41/square km ykn 106/square mile

GDP (PPP) 2005 estimate
Gini? (2000–01) 34.6 (medium)
HDI (2004) 0.430 (low) (162nd)
Currency Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Time zone EAT (UTC+3)
Internet TLD .tz

Koodii bilbilaa: +2552


Odeffanoo

Odeffanoo

<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;">

Section::::Numbers.
7


Baale

Baale

Baaleen godinaalee Oromiyaa keessa jiran keessaa tokko dha. Daangaan Baalee, kibbaan Gujii (Gujii fi Baale laga Gannaalee Doriyaatu gargar baasa), kibba dhihaan Saba, Sab-lammootaa fi Ummattoota kibbaan, kaaba dhihaan Arsiin, kaaba bahaan Harargee fi kaaba fi kibbi Harargee Laga Shabaleen gargar ba'u), bahaan immo Sumaaleen dangefamtee argamtii. Bakki dherinna gudda Baale keessaa qabu Gaara Baatuu yoo ta'u, gaarri kun immoo Oromiyaa kessattille guddinan tokkoffa dha. Gaarri Baatuu Gaara Urgoma jedhaman jalatti qoodama. Gaaronni biraa urgoma keessatti argamani kan akka Gaara Tulluu Diimtuu, Gaara Darkinna fi Gaara Geesse jedhamani dha. Aanoti bira Baale keessatti argamani kan akka Dodola, Ginniir, Gobba fi Roobee dha.

Section::::Gabaasa Baalee.
Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa bara 2005tti akka gabaasetti, Baaleen baayyina ummataa 1,727,306 yoo qabaattu, kana keessaa 854,584 dhiira'a yoo ta'an, 872,722 immoo dubara. Ummanni Baalee 233,013 yookaan 13.5% magaalaatti galu. Ballina lafaa tilmaamaan hanga 63,917.46 square kilometers ta'u keessatti, Baaleen tuuta'insa ummataa 27.02, kiilometirii tokko keessa jiraata.

Akka meemoraandamii Baankii Addunyaa Caamsaa 24, 2004tti, 11% iin ummata Baalee elektiriikii yoo fayyadamanii, rukkinni karaa konkolaaltaa immo 11.4 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers qabu. Avirejjiin abba mana baadiyyaa tokko heektaara lafa tokko yoo qabatu, lakkoofsa horii immo 1.0 qaba. 19.5 % iin ummatta hojii qotee bulaa hin ta'iniin jiraata. 66%iin ijolee mana barumsaa sadarka tokkoffaf galmooftee barattu yoo tatu, 21% immo mana barumsa sadarka lammaffatti baratti. 53% Baale busaan qabammu yoo danda'ani, tokkollen immo Tsetse fly qabamu hin danda'anni. Memorandumiin Baalefi halla qillensa goga qabachuni kennamef 555 dha.


Godina Booranaa

Godina Booranaa

Booranni godiina Oromiyaa keessa jiran keessaa tokko dha. Laftii Booranaa kibbaan Keeniyaan, dhihaan Saba, Sabotta fi Ummatta kibban, kaabaan Gujii, bahaan immo Sumaaleen dangeffamtee argamti. Bakki dheeraan lafa Booranaa keessatti argamu Gaara Dara Xiniro tti. Aanolee Booranaa gugguddoon Moyyaalee, fi Yaaballoo jedhamu.

Rakkoon qilleensa gogaa Boorana kan bara 2006 wal-dhabi Booranaa fi Gujii Caamsaa 22, 2006GC jaqabe akka gudattu sababa ta'ee ture. Torbaan tokkon dudduba immo waranni ka'e ergaa guyya 10 wal hadhanii booda, jaarroleen adda waraana qabbaneessuu danda'aniru. Haa ta'u malee waraana suni qofaan namni 100 hanga 150 ta'anii du'anni, kumii isaani immo bakka isaani irra baqataniru.

Bara dhuma 2005, barreeffama Abbaa Taayitaa Bunaa fi Shaayii Itoophiyaairratti hundeffame Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa(CSA) akka gabaasetti toniin buna 13,533 kan ta'u zonii kanatti akka biqila. Kuni immo ba'ii Oromoffi parsentii 11.8% yoo ta'u, bayyi biyyaffi (Itoophiyaa)f immo parsentii 6.0% ta'a. Booranni bakka warqee oomishamu sadii qaba: kunnis - Kibra Mangisti (Warqee), Laga Dambii(warqiiee) fi Kenticha(Tantalum) kan Shaakkisoo tti dhihattu dha.

Section::::Gabaasa Booranaa.
Akka Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaatti, bayyinni ummata Booranaa 2,019,383 yoo ta'u kana keessaa 1,025,393 dhiraa fi 993,990 immoo dubartii dha. Ummatni 234,391 yokaan parsentiin 11.6% aanaa guggudatti yokan magaalaatti galu. Tilmama lafa ballina 95,740.23 square kilometers qabu kessatti ummatti borana tuuta'insa namaa isquweer kiilometirii tokkotti nama 21.09 qaba.

Akka Meemoraandamii Baankii Addunyaa Caamsaa 24, 2004tti parsentiin ummatta 4% elektiriikii fayyadama, akkasumas zoniin kuni karaa konkolatta "road density" 27.5 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. Avireejjiin abbaa manaa badiyyaa tokko hektara 0.5 lafa fi horii 0.6 qaba. Parsentiin 14.4% ummatta hojii qotee bulaa hin ta'iniin bula. Parsentiin 53% ijollee mana barumsaa sadarka tokkoffa kessatti argaman yoo ta'an 9% immo mana barumsa sadarka lammaffatti argamu. Parsentiin 35% zonii Booranaa busaaf kan saaxilamee yoo ta'u tokkollen tisiisa "tsetse fly" jedhamtuun carraa qabamuu hin qabu. Memoraandamiin godina kana carra haala qillensa gogaa 410 kennafi.

Godinni Booranaa bara 2004tti Ministeera Qonnaa fi Misooma Baadiyyaa iin bakka fedhini ummatta biraa rakko bayyina ummatta qaban fudhachun filatamtee dha. Bara kanatti Booranni nama mana 9145 fi walii galatti nama matti hundaa irra 45,725 ta'anni fudhatterra.


Godina Jimmaa

Godina Jimmaa

Jimma godinaalee Oromiyaa keessa jiran keessa tokko dha. Maqaaan Jimma kuni maqaa mootummaa Jimmaa durii kan Kafaa wajjiin bara 1932 kessatti walitti makamani irra dhufe.

Jimmaan kibbaan mootummaa naannoo Naannoo Sabaa fi Sab-lammoota Ummattoota Kibbaan, kaaba-dhihaan godina Iluu Abbaa Booraan, kaabaan Wallagga Dhihaan, kaaba-bahaan Shawaa Dhihaan daangeeffamtee argamti. Bakki dheerina guddaa godina kana keessa Garaa Maigudoti. Aanoleen Jimma keessatti argaman kan akka Qarsaa, Limmuu Saqqaa, Sigimoo ,Aanaa Saxxammaa fu aanoolee 24 ol ta'anutu ni jiru. Godinni Jimmaa taa’umsa lafaan Kibba Dhihaa Oromiyaattiin kan argamtu yoo taatu, magaalaa guddoo teessoo Oromiyaa Magaalaa Finfinnee irraa km 352 fagaattee argamti.

Godina Mootummaa shanan gibee jedhamuun kan beekamtuu fi bakka argama Buna Arabikaa kan taate Godinni Jimmaa, Abbaa Taayitaa Bunaa fi Shaayii Itoophiyaa (Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority) irratti hunda'uudhaan Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa (Central Statistical Agency) akka gabaasetti tooniin buna hanga 26,743 bara dhuma 2005tti oomishama. Kun immoo baasii Oromiyaa keessaa dhibbantaa 23.2% yoo ta'u baasii biyya keessaa immoo parsentii 11.8% ta'a. Kuni immo Jimman zoonii buna midhasun bekkaman sadeen kessa tokko ishee godha. Lamman hafaan kan biraa Sidaamaa fi godiina Gedi'oo dha.

Section::::Gabaasa Jimmaa.
,(Gabaasa CSA 2005 irratti hundaa'uudhaan)
Godinni kun baayyina uummataa walii galatti tilmaamaan hanga 2,773,730 ta'u yoo qabaattu, keessatti 1,382,460 dhiira yoo ta'an, 1,391,270 immoo dubartii dha. Ummati Jimmaa 340,666 yookaan dhibbantaan 12.3% magaallan gugguddoo keessa jiraatu, kan hafan immoo baadiyyaatti jiraatu. Bal'ina tilmaamaan 18,412.54 square kilometers ta'u keessatti Jimmaan "tuuta'insa uummataa" 150.64 people per square kilometer ta'u qabdi.

Akka May 24, 2004 Baankii Addunyaa (World Bank) memorandumitti, parsentiin 9% ummata Jimmaa elektirikii ni argatu. Godinni kun "density karaa" 77.0 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers (Avirejjii Oromiyaa wajjin yoo walitti madaalani 30 kilometira ta'a). Avirejjiin abbaa manaa baadiyyaa tokko hektaara lafa 0.9 yoo qabaattu, mataan horii hanga 0.5 ta'u qaba. dhibbantaan 15.1% ummata Jimmaa hojii qotee bulaa hin ta'iiniin jiratta. Parsentiin 57% barattootta Jimmaa mana barumsaa sadarkaa tokkoffaatti yoo galmaa'anii argamani, parsentiin 12% immoo mana barumsaa sadarkaa lammaffaatti barachaa argamu. Parsentiin 29% zoonii kana carra dhukkuba busaa (malaria) qabamuu qaba, dhibbantaan 63% immo tisiisa Tsetse fly qabamu carraa qaba. Memorandumiin zoonii kanaa karaa qilleensa goggogaa "rating" 298 kennaaf.

Section::::Haala qilleensaa.
Haala Qilleensa Godinichaa yemmuu ilaallu Gammoojjiin %18, Badda dareen %67, Baddaan %15 fi Qorrii %0.03 yammuu ta’u, hoo’inni digirii-seentigreediitiin ol’aanaan 25OC- 30 OC ,gadi aanaan 7 0c - 12 0c dha. Baay’inni roobaa waggaatti milii meertira 1200 – 2000 yoo ta’u haalli roobaas bakka lamatti kan qoodamu dha. Roobnii Arfaasaa ji'a Bitootessaa walakkaa irraa eegalee hanga dhuma ji'a Eblaatti kan turu yoo ta’u, roobni gannaa immoo jalqaba ji'a Waxabajjii irraa eegalee hanga jalqaba ji’a Fulbaanaatti kan turu dha. Olka’insi lafaa galaana irraa meetira 800 hanga 3,360 (masl) akka qabu ragaaleen ni agarsiisu.


Maarsii

Maarsii

Marsiin ykn Arraasaa ykn Huffee (mallattoo: ) aduu irra planet affuraffa irratti argamtuu dha.lafjon tun maqaa “lafjo Diimtuu”(Red Planet) jedhamuun beekamti. Ummata Masriitu Maqaa kana isiif moggaase. Warri Chaaynaa ammoo Urjii diimtuu jedhanii waaman. Lafatti aanuudhaan Aduu irraa fageenyaan sadarkaa Afraffaa irratti kan argamtu yoo taatu, xiqqeenyaan ammoo Meerkuriitti aantee lammaffaa irratti argamti. lafjo tanaaf Maqaa Maars jedhu kana ammoo warra Roomaatu itti moggaase. Mars jechuun akka amantii worra roomaatti, gooftaa waraanaa jechuudha. Dachii irra jiraannu malee maqaan plaaneetoota kanaan dura argamanii hundi isaaniituu Afaan Roomaa irraa moggaafaman.

As biratti qabxii takka sirritti ibsuu barbaachisa. Ummanni Roomaa kan durii Urjiilee fi Wantoota Samii keessatti argamnitti amanu. Kanaaf Urjiilee Samii keessa jiran ilaalanii, Maqaa garagaraa itti kennan. Kun gooftaa jaalalaati, kun ammoo gooftaa waraanaati jedhaa adda qoqqoodan. Ammaan tana amantiin sun jiraachus baatu, maqaan isaan yoo san moggaasan garuu akkasumatti maxxanee hafee jira.

Amma gara lafjo maarsi deebinee waan isiin qabdu qabxii ijoo waliin haa ilaallu. Jaarraa 19ffaa keessa, yookaan ammoo xumura bara 1800 keessa Astroonoomaroonni durii, Maars irra wanti lubbuu qabu ni jira jedhanii tilmaamanii turan. Astroonoomariin Giovanni Schiaparelli teleskooppii bara isaa jiru fayyadamuudhaan, bara 1877 qorannoo godhee ture. Qorannoo isaa kanaanis, sarara qajeelaa, boolla bishaan jallisiif qotamu fakkaatu arge. Kana booda ilmi namaa lafjo tana irra qotatee jiraataa jira jedhee yaada isaa dhiheeyse. Haa ta’u malee qorannoo hammayyaawaa dhiheenya kana godhameen, sararoonni kunniin kan jallisiif qotaman akka hin taane saayintistoonni bira gahanii jiran. Qorattoonni ammas haala ilmi namaa Maars irra jiraachuu danda’u irratti qorannotti jiran.

Haalli Qilleensa Maars gubbaa jiru akkuma Plaaneetoota kaawwanii jireenya ilma namaatiif rakkisaa dha. Qilleensi Maars irra jireessatti KaarbondaayOksaayidiin guutamee jira. Dhibbeentaan 95 Kaarban Daay Oksaayidii dha. Gama biraatiin qilleensi isii qabbanaawaa dha. Lafa irra jiraannu tana, teempreecharri oowwaa yoo guddate, haga digrii seentigreedii 40 fi 50 ol guddanchuu danda’a. kan Maars garuu digriiseentigreedii 20 bira hin dabru. Kanaaf haalli qilleensa isii hedduminaan qabbanaawaadha. Yaadni biraa kan qorattootaan himamaa jiru ammoo, dhangala’aan lafjo tana irra jiraachuu mala kan jedhu yoo ta’u, haga ammaatti cabbii heemsifeerota ykn ammoo fiixee kaabaatti argamuun alatti, wanti argame hin jiru. Akka qorattoonni jedhanitti, Qilleensi qabbanaawaan Maars irra jiru kun, Cabbiin kunniin akka hin baqne godha. Kanaaf haalli qilleensa if dura yoo kan jijjiiramuu cabbiin kun baqee, Maars akkuma dachii irra jirruu tana biqiloota garagaraa magarsuu dandeetti jedhani tilamaaman.

Akkuma Plaaneetota biroo qaamni Maarsiitis bakka gurguddaa sadihitti qoodama. Garuu haga ammaatti qorannoon jabaan godhamee, Qaamman isii kunniin hagam akka dheeratan beekuun hin danda’amne. Haa ta’u malee qorannoon gubbaa Maarsii irratti godhame akka agarsiisutti, furdinni Gubbaa Maarsii bakkaa bakkatti garaagarummaa qaba. Fakkeenyaaf Heemisfeera Kaabaatti Kiloomeetira 35 eega gad qotameen booda jidduun isii mul’ata. Gama Kibbaatti garuu, Jidduu Maarsii argachuudhaaf Koloomeetira 80 qotuun dirqama ta’a. Sababa kanaaf, jidduu fi Wiirtuun isiitis garaagarummaa akkanaa heddu waan qabuuf, qorannoon mirkanaawaan haga ammaa irra gahame hin jiru.

Maars Akkuma dachii fi Plaaneetota biroo ofirras maraa, Aduu irras naannoofti. Maars Ofirra naannooftee xumuruudhaaf, ykn ammoo Maars irratti guyyaan tokko Saa’aa 24 fi daqiiqaa 40 ta’a. dheerinni guyyaa tokkoo kan lafa irra jiraannuutiin walitti dhihaata jechuudha. Garaagarummaan jiru daqiiqama 40 qofa jechu. Gama biraatiin aduu irra naannooftee xumuruudhaaf guyyaa lafaa 686 turti. Yeroo dachiin yeroo 2 aduu irra naannoftee xumurutti dhihaattu, isiin yeroo 1 qofa naannofti jechu. Plaaneetoonni gariin Waqtii akka dachii irraa kan Ganna, bona, Birraa, Arfaasaa jedhamu hin qaban. Yeroon hundi isaan biratti wal fakkaataa dha. Kan Maars garuu akkuma dachii garaagarummaa qaba. Akkuma dachii irratti, yeroo qabbanaa fi yeroo oowwaa jedhaa adda qoqqoodnu, waqtiin Maarsiitis ni jijjiirama. Kan maars garuu waqtiileen jiran dheeraa dha.


Apparent Magnitude

Apparent Magnitude

Apparent Magnitude ("m") iin bayyina iffa Planet yokan Urjii iin qabdu yoo lafaa kenya irra lalani tilmamani dha. haa ta'u malee lakkofsii kunii akka bayyina isatti hin fudhatamu, kunii jechuni immo yoo lakkofsi kunii diqaa ta'e Planetii yokan urjiin sunii bayye iffa jechu dha. Yoo immo lakkofsii gudda ta'u bayye hin iffu jechu dha. Fakkenya Mars iin "apparent magnitude" -2.9 qoffaa qaba, haa ta'u malee Marsiin iffan Aduu, Batti fi Venus tti anne affurafa gubbatti argama.


Wagga Iffa

Wagga Iffa

Wagga Iffa yokan Ingliffan light-year or lightyear gababatti immo ly iin kun lakka dherinna yoo ta'u, dherinni kun immo dherinna iffi wagga tokko kessatti vacuum kessa demuni. Waggan Iffa faggenna iffi ganna tokko kessatti demmu dha. kunis hanga 6 trillion mile ta'a.


Vacuum

Vacuum

Vacuumiin bakka waan tokkolle ofii kessa hiin qabni dha kanafu dhibaan qillensa vacuum kessa jirru Atmospheric Pressure ni calla. Maqaan vacuum jedhamu kuni maqaa Latin "vacuus" jedhamu irra dhufee, "vacuus" jechun immo "duwwa" jechu dha. Haa ta'u male bakki adunya kana kessa tokkollen duwwa mitti, manif? yoo jettanii vacuum kessayyu wanti lubbu hin qabne jirachu ni danda'a. Kanaf jechi afaan Latin "vacuo" jedhamu jecha "vacuus" irra fayyadamu jalqabame. "Perfect vacuum" jechun vacuum dhibaa qillensa duwwa qabu yoo ta'u jechii kuni jecha "Philosophy" malee vacuumiin akka adunya kessatti hin argamu. Kunis sababa "quantum theory" iin, bakkii tokkollen hundumatti duwwa ta'u hin danda'u jedhufi. Physicists yeroo bayye jecha "vacuum" jedhamu kan diqqo gorsani fayyadamu. Jechaa "perfect vacuum" jedhamu kana salphatti "vacuum" yokan "Free Space jedhani fayyadamu. Haa ta'u malee vacuum sirritti hin jirra jedhame mirkana'e warri "partial vacuum" jedhe wamma.

"Quality" iin vacuumii tokko akka dhihenna yokan wal-fakkattina "perfect vacuum" qabuu irratti hunda'e lakka'amma. Kan kessa dhibaan qillensa akka lakka "quality" vacuumii tokkotti fudhatama. Unittin dhibaa qillensa bayye fayyadatammu torr jedhama. Dhibaan diqqan "quality" gudda agarsisaa. "Quality" guddani vacuumiin qabachu danda'u Quantum Mechanics iin olka'amerra. Outer Space iin bakka umamman "quality" gudda qabu dha, kunii immmo vacuumii teknologii haraan midhafamu danda'an cuffa ni calla. Vacuumiin "quality" diqqa qaban kan harka naman midhafamani suction millennia fi fayyadamu.

Bara Ancient Greek jalqabee Vacuumiin akka wol-mormii Philosophy tti fayyadama turee, garuu qorannon isaa 17th Centuryitti jalqabe. Qo'annoni kunis kan jalqabee "theory" Evangelista Torricelli kan atmospheric pressure jedhamu irra jalqabe. Vacuumiin Century 20 jalqabee akka mesha Industry fudhatame, kunis light bulb fi vacuum tube midhafamu jalqabe jenan. Achiin bodaa teknologyiin vacuun bayyen bekkamu jalqabe. Fayyadamu Vacuum "spaceflight" irra ka'e qo'anno godhameni, Vacuumiin fayya namaffi barbachisa dha jedhame yaddatama.


News

News

Harra

Oduu Ture News 09-05-2007 (G.C)
achii kessa jirannu ajjessu irra osoo jirannu qabamaniru.


NASA

NASA

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administratrion) kuni "agent"ii United States Federal Government yoo ta'u, dirqamma wa'e "space" ummatta USA qaba. July 29, 1958 (G.C.)tti National Aeronautics and Space Actiin dhabatte, qarqarsii bara 2007tti argattu hanga Dollar U.S billion 16.8 ni ta'a.

Wa'ee "Space" qofa osoo hin ta'in Nasan wa'e qo'anna aerospacii ummatta yeroo dherafi hojjatani fi "wataderottafi" ni kenna. February 2006 (G.C.) jalqabbe NASAn wagga nu durra jirranif qo'anno Space Exploration, Scientific Discovery and Aeronautics jabbesu erga tokkoffa godhatte ka'erra.


NBA

NBA

NBAn (National Basketball Association) Tapha kubbaa kochoo yoo ta'u "geeba" fudhachuuf kan taphatamu, garee Ameerikaa keessa jiraniin. NBA'n garee 30 of keessa qaba, kan kessa 29 United States kessa yoo argamani, tokko immo Canada kessatti argama. NBAn misensaa bekkama kan USA Basketball (USAB), International Basketball Federationiin immo NBAn akka bulcha basketball United States kessa (National Governing Body (NGB))tti fudhatama argattera. NBAn gosa tapha Amerikaa kessatti professional ta'an Afureen kessa tokko dha.

"League"n kuni bara June 6, 1946 (G.C) New York City, United States kessatti jalqabame. Yeroo duraa jalqabu maqaa Basketball Association of America (BAA) jedhamuni wamama ture. Ha'a ta'u malee "league"iin kuni ergaa National Basketball League wajjin walitti makame, autumn 1949tti National Basketball Association jedhame. Birron "international" fi kopha, birro guddicha Olympic Tower, 645 Fifth Avenue New York City argamu jalla bullu. Haa ta'u malle "studio"nii akka NBA Entertainment fi NBA TV biroo Secaucus, New Jersey irra darbu.

Yeroo durraffi jalqabu NBA'n "buduni" 11 qaba turee, haa ta'u male itti darama akkasumas hirdhacha ergaa turee bodda hardha "buduni" 30 ofii kessa qaba. "Buduniin" tokkichi USAn alla argamu "buduni" Torontotti.

Boston Celtics kan jedhamani yeroo 17 NBA Finals fudhacun bekkamu. Itti anne immo Los Angeles Lakers 16, Chicago Bulls 6 fi San Antonio Spurs 5 fudhatee.

"League"iin kuni "Conference" lammatti qodama. "Conference"iin lachu immo kutta yokan "division" sadii ofii kessa qaba. "Division"iin tokko immo "buduni" shan ofii kessa qaba. Qoqqodami kunis "season" 2004 fi 2005 jiddu jirrutti godhame.


Kanaadaa

Kanaadaa

Kanaadaan (en: Canada) biyya bayyinan kabba Ameerikaa Kaabaa qabatte dha. Adunya kessa Kanaadaan ballina lafaa ishee yoo walitti qabanni ilallani lammaffa irratti argamtii. Kanaadaan Garba Atilaantiik irra kastee hanga Garba Paasifiik yoo balattu, kabban immo hanga Garba Arkitiik fagatti. Kibba fi kabba dhihaan Canadan United Statesiin dangefamti. Jiratotni Kanaadaa ummatta "aboriginal" (Indians, Metis fi Inuit) jedhamani dha. Kanaadaan bara 1867tti akka British Coloniesitt dhabatte. Haa ta'u male Kanaadaa kessa bakki tokko tokko French Colonies turrani. Kanaadaan Yunaayitid Kingidem irra kopha kan batte bara 1982tti. Haa ta'u malee Kanaadaan akka Commonwealth Countritt bekkamti, akkasumas Queen Elizabeth 2n, "head of state" Kanaadaatti.

Kanaadaan Federal Constitutional Monarchy yoo tatu kan ittin bultu immo Parliamentay Democracy dha. "Province" kudhani fi "Territory" sadi qabdi. Akka Federalatti Kanaadaa kessatti afaan akka biyyatti fudhatamu English fi French dha.


Yuurooppi

Yuurooppi

Yuurooppi ardii torbaan kessaa tokko dha. Yuurooppi fuulaa fi ji'ooloojii isheen fiixee dhiha Peniinsulaa Yureeshiyaa yoo taatu, dhiha Eshiyaatti argamtii.

Dangaan Yuurooppi kan fakkaata.

Yuurooppiin addunyaa keessaa xiqqeenyaan lammaffaa yoo ta'u, ballina hanga 10,180,000 square kilometre (3,930,000 sq mi) yookan addunyaa keessaa parsentii 2% qabata. Ardiin addunyaa keessaa Yuurooppi irra xiqqoo Awustireliyaa qofa. Baayyinaa ummataan garuu sadarkaa sadaffaarra jirti, kunis Eshiyaa fi Afrikaatti aanteti. Baayyini ummatta Yuurooppi 741,447,158 yookan ummata addunyaa keessaa parsentii 11% qabdi (2016).


FIFA

FIFA

FIFA afaan Frenchiin (Federation Internationale de Football Association) yokan ingiliffan immo "International Federation of Association Football" kan jedhamu birro bulchaa football biyya hundumatti. Biroon guddan Zurich, Switzerland argama, akkasumas presidantiin FIFA amma Joseph Blatter jedhama. FIFAn tapha milla adunya kessatti taphatamani bayyeffi dirqama fudhata, kessattu tapha FIFA World Cup jehamu bara 1930 jalqabe bulcha turee.


Helikoopterii

Helikoopterii

Helicopteriin gosaa Aircraft yoo ta'u, olii ka'uffi immo "Horizontal Rozors" tokko yokan tokko olii ta'an fayyadama. "Horizontal Rozors"iin kuni gubba helicopteratti yoo argamu, ofii kessa immo "Rozor blades" tokko yokan tokko olii ofii kessa qaba. Helicopteronni Rotocraft jedhanii wamamu, kunis "aircraft"totta kolla hiin chochonne qabanni irra gargarri bassuf.


HD 149026b

HD 149026b

HD 149026b pilaaneetii jedhamu "constellation Hercules" keessatti argame. Pilaaneetiin kunis pilaaneetii bayyee walitti qabame yoo ta'u, ho'anni immo pilaaneetota hunda caala. HD 149026b pilaaneetota gaazii guggudoo irra yoo xiqqattu, atimosferiin isaa immoo bayye ulfaata dha. Kuni immo tempireecharri ishee akka gara Faraanaayitii 3,700 ta'uf sababa akka ta'e saayintistoonni ibsaniiru.

Saayintistiin Jooseef Haaringiten akka ibsetti pilaaneetin kun akka "illa hamma (evil eye)" jira. Pilaaneetiin kuni Wagga Iffa 279 lafarraa fagaatee argama.


Harree diidoo

Harree diidoo

Harre diidoon gossa Farda yoo ta'u, warra Equidae jedhamanii jalatti qodama. Zebran kan itti argamussi central fi kibba Afrikaatti dha. Zebran kan itti bekkamanis qalamu guracha fi addi yoo ta'u kunis "burabure" dha. Ameerikaa Kaabaatti (zee-bra) yoo jedhame wamamu, Yunaayitid Kingidemitti (zeb-rah) jedhame wamama.


Madagaskaar

Madagaskaar

Madagaskaar yookaan Rippabiliika Madagaskaar (maqaa durii immoo Rippabiliika Malagasii) biyya Odolaa yoo taatu kan argamtus Garba Indiyaa keessatti kunis qarqara kibba-bahaa Afrikaan. Madagaskaar addunyaa keessaa odola guddinaan afraffaa gubbaatti argamtu dha. Dhibbantaa 5 gosa biqiltoota fi bineensota addunyaa Madagaskaar keessatti argamu. Kan keessaa immoo parsentiin 80% Madagaskaar qofatti kan argamani dha. Kan keessaa kan beekkamani immo Liimar (Lemur) kan ta'an, foon nyattota(carnivous) kan ta'an keessaa Fossaa(bineena adurree fakkatu), akkasumas gosa simbira Madagaskaar qofa keessatti argamani sadii fi gosa Baa'obaab ja'a kan Madagaskaar qofa keessatti argamani of keessaa qaba. Nammi Madagaskaar kessa jiraatu "Malagasii" jedhama (Madagascan mitti) akkasumas afaan Madagaskaar Afaan Malagasii jedhama.


Gossa Baobab

Gossa Baobab