德国人是怎么把德语说的那么快的？
Sometime students asked me, you know, when we talk in our lessons, I understand nearly everything you say in German. But when two Germans are talking to each other, I have a really hard time understanding what they are saying. Why is that? And the answer is that, when people speak fast, for example in a casual conversation with friends, their expression is affected by certain reductions and simplifications that serve to reduce the muscular effort needed to speak. That happens in most languages. And some examples in English are: 学习德语时我们会产生这样的疑问，老师上课说的都能听懂，但如果是两个德国人在对话，就什么都听不出来，其实学习英语中很多人也遇到过这样的疑问。原因就是，在口语表达中，很多表达都存在简化现象，一些发音会为了简便而被省略。本节的重点就是德语中常见的口语表达。 在英语中最常见的就是 going to -> gonna 以及 want to -> wanna。 If you are not aware of this reduction, you would have a hard time understanding what is being said even if you know the words "going to" and "want to" right? So I have created this lesson with two main purposes in mind: first, to show you how we native German speakers really speak, so that you become aware of some characteristics and understand spoken German better. The second purpose is to enable you to speak like a native, especially in the intermediate and advanced level, mostly in casual and in formal situations. Let's start. 如果你没注意过这种简写，那么即使你知道 going to 和 want to，也很难听懂对方说的话。德语中也一样。因此本节会告诉你真正的德语母语者平时如何说这门语言，尤其是在非正式的场合，这对德语学习的进步将大有裨益。 例1： Ich habe einen Hund. This is a careful speech where the word is pronounced very clearly. When I say it, I probably say: 第一句中每个字都按标准方式发音，但在口语中，可能会简化成如下表达： Ich hab' ein'n Hund. And this sounds a bit different. And this sounds a bit different. Two things happened. I knocked off the final first person "e"  of "habe" and the rest of vowel reduction and then unstress the n suffix of "einen". And even more colloquial form is: 具体读法是：b发轻声，einen 读成 ein。除此之外，我们还可以进一步简化： Again, Ich hab' 'nen Hund. Again,  the "e" of "habe" disappears. And instead of "einen", I said "nen". That's very common. You can even read it in dialogues and books. So when you see a "nen", now you know that it is an abbreviation of "einen." Alright, next example. 在这里habe 仍然简化成hab，而einen直接变为 nen，这种表达实际上非常常见，在日常对话和书中都能看到。 下一个例子： 例2： Wir haben ihn nicht gesehen. Very clear pronunciation but usually we say: 通常情况下，人们会这么说： Wir habm ihn nicht geseh'n. And I mentioned this in one of my previous lesson: "haben" sounds like "habm." And the "e" in the suffix is not pronounced. When we speak fast, it would be something like this: 例1中，habe 简化成 hab，这里 haben 简化成 habm。我个人理解，这就是为什么德国人说话鼻音很重的原因，即 habm 中 bm 的发音。比如找一些默克尔的讲话，很容易发现这个特点。如果再说快些，就会是如下这种： Wir ham ihn nich' geseh'n. "Haben" become "ham" and the "t" of "nicht" disappears. haben简化为 ham。nicht 中的 t 省略掉。  Some other words where the "t" and the end disappears when they are pronounced fast are: 有一些以多辅音 "t" 结尾的词，其末尾的 "t" 可以省略： jetzt, bist, ist. Ich bin jetzt zu Hause.  有时听起来更像：Ich bin jetz' zu Hause. Wo bist Du?   如果每个词都念清楚比较费劲，因此大多数人这么说：Wo bis' Du? In this short sentence we have three words where the final "t" drops. 而在下面这个短句中，三个单词的 "t" 都省略了 Er ist jetzt nicht hier. -- Er is' jetz' nich' hier.  In this context I would like to mention that "nichts" become "nix" in spoken language. 在下面的句子中， "nichts" 口语化为 "nix" 的读音： Ich habe nichts gekauft.  actually sounds like  Ich hab' nix gekauft.  Alright, another interesting thing is that in questions, the verb often merges with the second person pronoun "du" and gets the suffix "-ste." Here is an example: 另一中简写是在第二人称问句中，动词与 "Du" 的连读现象： "Kansst Du .... ?" 读成 "Kannste ... ?" "Hast Du morgen Zeit?" 听起来像 "Haste morgen Zeit?"  Now the word "mit dem" often merge to "mim." So lets see do you understand the following sentence: mit dem 经常连读为 mim。来看以下句子： Faehrste mim Auto? 的原意为：Faehrst Du mit dem Auto?  And another example: 另一个例子： Ich gehe jetzt mit dem Hund spazieren. Kommst Du mit? 听起来像： Ich geh' jetz' mim Hund spazier'n. Kommste mit?  And as "haben" is such an important verb, I would like to add another colloquial form of it. 另外，对于 "haben" 还有一种重要的连读： 在一些对话中，"Haben sie" 听起来像 "Hamse"。 因此在柏林的大街上你可能会听到这样的表达： "Hamse nen Euro?" 实际上表示: "Haben Sie einen Euro?"  Alright, so those are some examples of how German native speakers really speak. It's important to be aware of these little or sometimes big changes that happen in fast casual conversation. But you don't necessarily have to apply them to your own speaking if you don't feel comfortable yet. Use whatever feels natural to you and leave the rest for later on your language learning journey. 以上就是一些德国人口语表达的例子，它们在非正式对话中十分常见。但如果觉得不适应，也并不一定非要使用，最重要的是以一种自己觉得最舒服的方式来表达。  总结： haben -> habm -> hab' haben -> ham haben sie -> hamse einen -> ein'n -> nen jetzt -> jetz' bist -> bis' ist -> is' nichts -> nix Kannst Du -> Kannste Hast Du -> Haste mid dem -> mim  翻译自：How Germans Really Speak: German Pronunciation: How Germans Really Speaky 