/*
 * Problem C. Recycled Numbers
 * 
 * Do you ever become frustrated with television because you keep seeing the
 * same things, recycled over and over again? Well I personally don't care about
 * television, but I do sometimes feel that way about numbers.
 * 
 * Let's say a pair of distinct positive integers (n, m) is recycled if you can
 * obtain m by moving some digits from the back of n to the front without
 * changing their order. For example, (12345, 34512) is a recycled pair since
 * you can obtain 34512 by moving 345 from the end of 12345 to the front. Note
 * that n and m must have the same number of digits in order to be a recycled
 * pair. Neither n nor m can have leading zeros.
 * 
 * Given integers A and B with the same number of digits and no leading zeros,
 * how many distinct recycled pairs (n, m) are there with A â¤ n < m â¤ B?
 * 
 * Input
 * 
 * The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases
 * follow. Each test case consists of a single line containing the integers A
 * and B.
 * 
 * Output
 * 
 * For each test case, output one line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the
 * case number (starting from 1), and y is the number of recycled pairs (n, m)
 * with A â¤ n < m â¤ B.
 * 
 * Limits
 * 
 * 1 â¤ T â¤ 50.
 * 
 * A and B have the same number of digits.

Small dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 1000.

Large dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 2000000.

Sample


Input 
 	
Output 
 
4
1 9
10 40
100 500
1111 2222
Case #1: 0
Case #2: 3
Case #3: 156
Case #4: 287
 */

package google.codejam.y2012.qualifications;

import google.codejam.commons.Utils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

/**
 * @author Marco Lackovic <marco.lackovic@gmail.com>
 * @version 1.0, Apr 14, 2012
 */
public class RecycledNumbers {

	private static final String INPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.in";
	private static final String OUTPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.out";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String[] input = Utils.readFromFile(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
		String[] output = new String[input.length];
		int x = 0;
		for (String line : input) {
			StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(line);
			int a = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			int b = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			System.out.println("Computing case #" + (x + 1));
			output[x++] = "Case #" + x + ": " + recycledNumbers(a, b);
		}
		Utils.writeToFile(output, OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
	}

	private static int recycledNumbers(int a, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		for (int n = a; n < b; n++) {
			count += getNumGreaterRotations(n, b);
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static int getNumGreaterRotations(int n, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		char[] chars = Integer.toString(n).toCharArray();
		for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
			chars = rotateRight(chars);
			if (chars[0] != '0') {
				int m = Integer.valueOf(new String(chars));
				if (n == m) {
					break;
				} else if (n < m && m <= b) {
					count++;
				}
			}
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static char[] rotateRight(char[] chars) {
		char last = chars[chars.length - 1];
		for (int i = chars.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
			chars[i + 1] = chars[i];
		}
		chars[0] = last;
		return chars;
	}

}

package codejam2012.qualification;

import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.*;

public class RecycledNumbers {

    // general part
    private static final String INPUT = "src/main/resources";
    private static final String OUTPUT = "target/output";
    private static final String ROUND = "codejam2012/qualification";

    private static final String SAMPLE = "C-sample.in";
    private static final String SMALL = "C-small-attempt0.in";
    private static final String LARGE = "C-large.in";

    private Scanner scanner;
    private PrintWriter writer;

    public RecycledNumbers(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
        scanner = new Scanner(is);
        writer = new PrintWriter(os);
    }

    public void close() {
        scanner.close();
        writer.flush();
    }

    private static void runTest(String fileName, boolean isConsole) throws Exception {
        InputStream is = initInputStream(fileName);
        OutputStream os = initOutputStream(fileName, isConsole);

        RecycledNumbers problem = new RecycledNumbers(is, os);
        problem.solve();
        problem.close();

        doneStreams(isConsole, is, os);
    }

    private static InputStream initInputStream(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException {
        File inputDir = new File(INPUT + File.separator + ROUND);
        File inputFile = new File(inputDir, fileName);
        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
        return is;
    }

    private static OutputStream initOutputStream(String fileName, boolean isConsole) throws FileNotFoundException {
        OutputStream os = System.out;
        if (isConsole) {
            System.out.println(fileName);
            System.out.println("          ---] cut [---");
        } else {
            File outputDir = new File(OUTPUT + File.separator + ROUND);
            outputDir.mkdirs();

            File outputFile = new File(outputDir, fileName.replace(".in", ".out"));
            os = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(outputFile));
        }
        return os;
    }

    private static void doneStreams(boolean isConsole, InputStream is, OutputStream os) throws IOException {
        is.close();
        if (isConsole) {
            System.out.println("          ---] cut [---");
            System.out.println("");
        } else {
            os.close();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            runTest(SAMPLE, true);
            runTest(SMALL, false);
            runTest(LARGE, false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // problem part

    /**
     * Solve the problem
     */
    public void solve() {
        int t = scanner.nextInt();

        for (int i = 1; i <= t; i++) {
            writer.print("Case #");
            writer.print(i + ": ");

            int a = scanner.nextInt();
            int b = scanner.nextInt();

            writer.println(solve(a, b));
        }
    }

    private long solve(int a, int b) {
        long count = 0;
        for (int i=a; i<=b; i++) {
            char[] digits = getDigits(i);

            Set<Pair> pairs = new HashSet<Pair>();
            for (int j=0; j<digits.length; j++) {
                if (digits[0] == '0') {
                    shift(digits);
                    continue;
                }

                int number = getNumber(digits);
                shift(digits);

                if ((number < a) || (number > b)) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (number <= i) {
                    continue;
                }
                pairs.add(new Pair(i, number));
            }
            count += pairs.size();
        }
        return count;
    }

    private char[] getDigits(int i) {
        String string = ((Integer)i).toString();
        return string.toCharArray();
    }

    private int getNumber(char[] digits) {
        String string = new String(digits);
        return Integer.parseInt(string);
    }

    private void shift(char digits[]) {
        char first = digits[0];
        for (int i=1; i<digits.length; i++) {
            digits[i-1] = digits[i];
        }
        digits[digits.length-1] = first;
    }

    /**
     * Base based logarithm of number
     *
     * @param number number
     * @param base   base
     * @return logarithm
     */
    private long log(long number, long base) {
        return (long) (Math.log(number) / Math.log(base));
    }

    class Pair {
        int a;
        int b;

        Pair(int a, int b) {
            this.a = a;
            this.b = b;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

            Pair pair = (Pair) o;

            if (a != pair.a) return false;
            if (b != pair.b) return false;

            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            int result = a;
            result = 31 * result + b;
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Pair{" +
                    "a=" + a +
                    ", b=" + b +
                    '}';
        }
    }
}