/*
 * Problem C. Recycled Numbers
 * 
 * Do you ever become frustrated with television because you keep seeing the
 * same things, recycled over and over again? Well I personally don't care about
 * television, but I do sometimes feel that way about numbers.
 * 
 * Let's say a pair of distinct positive integers (n, m) is recycled if you can
 * obtain m by moving some digits from the back of n to the front without
 * changing their order. For example, (12345, 34512) is a recycled pair since
 * you can obtain 34512 by moving 345 from the end of 12345 to the front. Note
 * that n and m must have the same number of digits in order to be a recycled
 * pair. Neither n nor m can have leading zeros.
 * 
 * Given integers A and B with the same number of digits and no leading zeros,
 * how many distinct recycled pairs (n, m) are there with A â¤ n < m â¤ B?
 * 
 * Input
 * 
 * The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases
 * follow. Each test case consists of a single line containing the integers A
 * and B.
 * 
 * Output
 * 
 * For each test case, output one line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the
 * case number (starting from 1), and y is the number of recycled pairs (n, m)
 * with A â¤ n < m â¤ B.
 * 
 * Limits
 * 
 * 1 â¤ T â¤ 50.
 * 
 * A and B have the same number of digits.

Small dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 1000.

Large dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 2000000.

Sample


Input 
 	
Output 
 
4
1 9
10 40
100 500
1111 2222
Case #1: 0
Case #2: 3
Case #3: 156
Case #4: 287
 */

package google.codejam.y2012.qualifications;

import google.codejam.commons.Utils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

/**
 * @author Marco Lackovic <marco.lackovic@gmail.com>
 * @version 1.0, Apr 14, 2012
 */
public class RecycledNumbers {

	private static final String INPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.in";
	private static final String OUTPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.out";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String[] input = Utils.readFromFile(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
		String[] output = new String[input.length];
		int x = 0;
		for (String line : input) {
			StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(line);
			int a = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			int b = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			System.out.println("Computing case #" + (x + 1));
			output[x++] = "Case #" + x + ": " + recycledNumbers(a, b);
		}
		Utils.writeToFile(output, OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
	}

	private static int recycledNumbers(int a, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		for (int n = a; n < b; n++) {
			count += getNumGreaterRotations(n, b);
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static int getNumGreaterRotations(int n, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		char[] chars = Integer.toString(n).toCharArray();
		for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
			chars = rotateRight(chars);
			if (chars[0] != '0') {
				int m = Integer.valueOf(new String(chars));
				if (n == m) {
					break;
				} else if (n < m && m <= b) {
					count++;
				}
			}
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static char[] rotateRight(char[] chars) {
		char last = chars[chars.length - 1];
		for (int i = chars.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
			chars[i + 1] = chars[i];
		}
		chars[0] = last;
		return chars;
	}

}

package com.google;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

public class Recycle {
    public static class Pair {
        long a;
        long b;
        
        public Pair(long a, long b) {
            this.a = a;
            this.b = b;
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            final int prime = 31;
            int result = 1;
            result = prime * result + (int) (a ^ (a >>> 32));
            result = prime * result + (int) (b ^ (b >>> 32));
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (this == obj)
                return true;
            if (obj == null)
                return false;
            if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
                return false;
            Pair other = (Pair) obj;
            if (a != other.a)
                return false;
            if (b != other.b)
                return false;
            return true;
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        final Scanner reader = new Scanner(new File("in.txt"));
        final FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(new File("out.txt"));
        
        final int N = reader.nextInt();
        reader.nextLine();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            final long min = reader.nextLong();
            final long max = reader.nextLong();
            writer.write(String.format("Case #%d: %d", (i + 1), findCount(min, max)));
            if (i < N - 1) {
                writer.write("\n");
            }
        }
        
        writer.close();
    }

    public static int findCount(final long min, final long max) {
        Set<Pair> allPairs = new HashSet<Pair>();
        int resCount = 0;
        for (long i = min; i <= max; i++) {
            int [] num = numToArr(i);

            for (int j = 0; j < num.length - 1; j++) {
                num = shift(num);
                final Pair p = new Pair(i, fromArrToNum(num));
                if (isValid(num, i, max) && !allPairs.contains(p)) {
                    resCount++;
                    allPairs.add(p);
                }
            }
        }
        
        return resCount;
    }
    
    public static int [] shift(int [] num) {
        final int [] res = new int [num.length];
        res[0] = num[num.length - 1];

        for (int i = 1; i < res.length; i++) {
            res[i] = num[i - 1];
        }

        return res;
    }

    public static long fromArrToNum(int [] arr) {
        long a = 0;
        for (int i : arr) {
            a = a + i;
            a = a * 10;
        }

        a = a / 10;
        
        return a;
    }
    
    public static boolean isValid(int [] num, long base, long max) {
        if (num[0] == 0) return false;

        long a = fromArrToNum(num);

        return base < a && a <= max;
    }

    public static boolean consistOfUniqueDigits(int [] num) {
        final boolean [] arr = new boolean [10];

        for (int i : num) {
            if (arr[i]) return false;
            arr[i] = true;
        }

        return true;
    }

    public static int [] numToArr(final long in) {
        final List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        long a = in;

        while (a > 0) {
            list.add((int) (a % 10));
            a = a / 10;
        }

        final int [] res = new int [list.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            res[res.length - i -1] = list.get(i);
        }

        return res;
    } 
}
