package fixjava;

public class StringUtils {

	/** Repeat the given string the requested number of times. */
	public static String repeat(String str, int numTimes) {
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(Math.max(0, str.length() * numTimes));
		for (int i = 0; i < numTimes; i++)
			buf.append(str);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Pad the left hand side of a field with the given character. Always adds at least one pad character. If the length of str is
	 * greater than numPlaces-1, then the output string will be longer than numPlaces.
	 */
	public static String padLeft(String str, char padChar, int numPlaces) {
		int bufSize = Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1);
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1));
		buf.append(padChar);
		for (int i = 1, mi = bufSize - str.length(); i < mi; i++)
			buf.append(padChar);
		buf.append(str);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Pad the right hand side of a field with the given character. Always adds at least one pad character. If the length of str is
	 * greater than numPlaces-1, then the output string will be longer than numPlaces.
	 */
	public static String padRight(String str, char padChar, int numPlaces) {
		int bufSize = Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1);
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1));
		buf.append(str);
		buf.append(padChar);
		while (buf.length() < bufSize)
			buf.append(padChar);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	/** Intern all strings in an array, skipping null elements. */
	public static String[] intern(String[] arr) {
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
			arr[i] = arr[i].intern();
		return arr;
	}

	/** Intern a string, ignoring null */
	public static String intern(String str) {
		return str == null ? null : str.intern();
	}

}

package qualification;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class C_RecycledNumbers {
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static String ID="C";
  private static String NAME="large";
  private static boolean STANDARD_OUTPUT=false;
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
    int[][] results=new int[2000001][];
    for (int i=0; i<results.length; i++) {
      int array[]=new int[8],n=0;
      String s=""+i;
      loop:for (int p=1; p<s.length(); p++) if (s.charAt(p)!='0') {
        int j=Integer.parseInt(s.substring(p)+s.substring(0,p));
        if (j<=i) continue loop;
        for (int q=0; q<n; q++) if (array[q]==j) continue loop;
        if (array.length==n) array=Arrays.copyOf(array,n*2);
        array[n++]=j;
      }
      results[i]=Arrays.copyOf(array,n);
      Arrays.sort(results[i]);
    }
    BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File("data/"+ID+"-"+NAME+".in")));
    if (!STANDARD_OUTPUT) System.setOut(new PrintStream(new File("data/"+ID+"-"+NAME+".out")));
    for (int c=1,T=Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()); c<=T; c++) {
      String w[]=reader.readLine().trim().split(" +");
      int A=Integer.parseInt(w[0]),B=Integer.parseInt(w[1]);
      int count=0;
      for (int i=A; i<=B; i++) {
        // Binary Search doesn't represent an improvement
        for (int x:results[i]) if (x<=B) count++;
      }
      System.out.println("Case #"+c+": "+count);
    }
    if (!STANDARD_OUTPUT) System.out.close();
    reader.close();
  }
}
