package fixjava;

public class StringUtils {

	/** Repeat the given string the requested number of times. */
	public static String repeat(String str, int numTimes) {
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(Math.max(0, str.length() * numTimes));
		for (int i = 0; i < numTimes; i++)
			buf.append(str);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Pad the left hand side of a field with the given character. Always adds at least one pad character. If the length of str is
	 * greater than numPlaces-1, then the output string will be longer than numPlaces.
	 */
	public static String padLeft(String str, char padChar, int numPlaces) {
		int bufSize = Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1);
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1));
		buf.append(padChar);
		for (int i = 1, mi = bufSize - str.length(); i < mi; i++)
			buf.append(padChar);
		buf.append(str);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Pad the right hand side of a field with the given character. Always adds at least one pad character. If the length of str is
	 * greater than numPlaces-1, then the output string will be longer than numPlaces.
	 */
	public static String padRight(String str, char padChar, int numPlaces) {
		int bufSize = Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1);
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(Math.max(numPlaces, str.length() + 1));
		buf.append(str);
		buf.append(padChar);
		while (buf.length() < bufSize)
			buf.append(padChar);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	/** Intern all strings in an array, skipping null elements. */
	public static String[] intern(String[] arr) {
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
			arr[i] = arr[i].intern();
		return arr;
	}

	/** Intern a string, ignoring null */
	public static String intern(String str) {
		return str == null ? null : str.intern();
	}

}

package problemC;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ProblemC {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
		// Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("C-practice.in"));
		// Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("C-small.in"));
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("C-large.in"));
		int cases = sc.nextInt();
		for (int i = 1; i <= cases; i++) {
			int A = sc.nextInt();
			int B = sc.nextInt();
			long count = 0;
			for (int j = A; j <= B; j++) {
				int number = recycle(j);
				while (number != j) {
					if (number > j && number <= B) {
						count++;
					}
					number = recycle(number);
				}
			}
			// do case things here
			System.out.format("Case #%d: %d\n", i, count);
		}
	}

	private static int recycle(int n) {
		int temp = n;
		int max = 1;
		while (temp >= 10) {
			max *= 10;
			temp /= 10;
		}
		int m = n / 10 + (max * (n % 10));
		temp = n;
		while (temp % 10 == 0) {
			temp = m;
			m = m / 10 + (max * (m % 10));
		}
		return m;
	}
}
