/*
 * Problem C. Recycled Numbers
 * 
 * Do you ever become frustrated with television because you keep seeing the
 * same things, recycled over and over again? Well I personally don't care about
 * television, but I do sometimes feel that way about numbers.
 * 
 * Let's say a pair of distinct positive integers (n, m) is recycled if you can
 * obtain m by moving some digits from the back of n to the front without
 * changing their order. For example, (12345, 34512) is a recycled pair since
 * you can obtain 34512 by moving 345 from the end of 12345 to the front. Note
 * that n and m must have the same number of digits in order to be a recycled
 * pair. Neither n nor m can have leading zeros.
 * 
 * Given integers A and B with the same number of digits and no leading zeros,
 * how many distinct recycled pairs (n, m) are there with A â¤ n < m â¤ B?
 * 
 * Input
 * 
 * The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases
 * follow. Each test case consists of a single line containing the integers A
 * and B.
 * 
 * Output
 * 
 * For each test case, output one line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the
 * case number (starting from 1), and y is the number of recycled pairs (n, m)
 * with A â¤ n < m â¤ B.
 * 
 * Limits
 * 
 * 1 â¤ T â¤ 50.
 * 
 * A and B have the same number of digits.

Small dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 1000.

Large dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 2000000.

Sample


Input 
 	
Output 
 
4
1 9
10 40
100 500
1111 2222
Case #1: 0
Case #2: 3
Case #3: 156
Case #4: 287
 */

package google.codejam.y2012.qualifications;

import google.codejam.commons.Utils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

/**
 * @author Marco Lackovic <marco.lackovic@gmail.com>
 * @version 1.0, Apr 14, 2012
 */
public class RecycledNumbers {

	private static final String INPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.in";
	private static final String OUTPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.out";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String[] input = Utils.readFromFile(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
		String[] output = new String[input.length];
		int x = 0;
		for (String line : input) {
			StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(line);
			int a = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			int b = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			System.out.println("Computing case #" + (x + 1));
			output[x++] = "Case #" + x + ": " + recycledNumbers(a, b);
		}
		Utils.writeToFile(output, OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
	}

	private static int recycledNumbers(int a, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		for (int n = a; n < b; n++) {
			count += getNumGreaterRotations(n, b);
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static int getNumGreaterRotations(int n, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		char[] chars = Integer.toString(n).toCharArray();
		for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
			chars = rotateRight(chars);
			if (chars[0] != '0') {
				int m = Integer.valueOf(new String(chars));
				if (n == m) {
					break;
				} else if (n < m && m <= b) {
					count++;
				}
			}
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static char[] rotateRight(char[] chars) {
		char last = chars[chars.length - 1];
		for (int i = chars.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
			chars[i + 1] = chars[i];
		}
		chars[0] = last;
		return chars;
	}

}

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.io.FileWriter;

public class RecyclingNumbers {
  public static void main(String... args) {
    RecyclingNumbers obj = new RecyclingNumbers();
    obj.run();
  }
  public void run() {
    
    try {
      File f = new File("C-large.in");
      File outFile = new File("output.txt");
      FileWriter w = new FileWriter(outFile);
      Scanner s = new Scanner(f);
      int T = s.nextInt();
      s.nextLine();
      for(int i = 1; i<= T; i++) {
        int lower = s.nextInt();
        int upper = s.nextInt();
        int maxRecycled = findRecycled(lower, upper);
        String str = "Case #" + i +": " + maxRecycled + '\n';
        w.write(str);
        if(s.hasNextLine()) s.nextLine();
      }
      w.close();
    }
    catch(Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e.toString());
    }
  }
  private int findRecycled(int lower, int upper) {
    int recycled = 0;
    HashSet<Pair> set = new HashSet<Pair>();
    for(int n = lower; n <= upper; n++) {
      String current = (new Integer(n)).toString();
      for(int r = 0; r < current.length(); r++) {
        String check = current.substring(1) + current.charAt(0);
        int m = Integer.parseInt(check);
        if( lower <= n) {
          if(n < m) {
            if( m <= upper) {
              set.add(new Pair(n,m));
            }
          }
        }
        current = check;
      }
    }
    return set.size();
  }
  
  private class Pair {
    public int x, y;
    public Pair(int x, int y) {
      this.x = x;
      this.y = y;
    }
    public boolean equals(Object obj)
    {
      if(this == obj)
        return true;
      if((obj == null) || (obj.getClass() != this.getClass()))
        return false;
      Pair p = (Pair)obj;
      return x == p.x && y == p.y;
    }
    
    public int hashCode()
    {
      int hash = 7;
      hash = 31 * hash + x;
      hash = 31 * hash + y;
      return hash;
    }
  }
}
