import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class ReadFile {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String srcFile = "C:" + File.separator + "Documents and Settings"
				+ File.separator + "rohit" + File.separator + "My Documents"
				+ File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator
				+ "C-small-attempt1.in.txt";
		String destFile = "C:" + File.separator + "Documents and Settings"
				+ File.separator + "rohit" + File.separator + "My Documents"
				+ File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator
				+ "C-small-attempt0.out";
		File file = new File(srcFile);
		List<String> readData = new ArrayList<String>();
		FileReader fileInputStream = new FileReader(file);
		BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileInputStream);
		StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		String line = null;
		while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
			readData.add(line);
		}
		stringBuilder.append(generateOutput(readData));
		File writeFile = new File(destFile);
		if (!writeFile.exists()) {
			writeFile.createNewFile();
		}
		FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(writeFile);
		BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);
		bufferedWriter.write(stringBuilder.toString());
		bufferedWriter.close();
		System.out.println("output" + stringBuilder);
	}

	/**
	 * @param number
	 * @return
	 */
	private static String generateOutput(List<String> number) {
		StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = 0; i < number.size(); i++) {
			if (i == 0) {
				continue;
			} else {
				String tempString = number.get(i);
				String[] temArr = tempString.split(" ");
				stringBuilder.append("Case #" + i + ": ");
				stringBuilder.append(getRecNumbers(temArr[0], temArr[1]));
				stringBuilder.append("\n");
			}
		}
		if (stringBuilder.length() > 0) {
			stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1);
		}
		return stringBuilder.toString();
	}

	// /* This method accepts method for google code jam */
	// private static String method(String value) {
	// int intValue = Integer.valueOf(value);
	// double givenExpr = 3 + Math.sqrt(5);
	// double num = Math.pow(givenExpr, intValue);
	// String valArr[] = (num + "").split("\\.");
	// int finalVal = Integer.valueOf(valArr[0]) % 1000;
	//
	// return String.format("%1$03d", finalVal);
	//
	// }
	//
	// /* This method accepts method for google code jam */
	// private static String method2(String value) {
	// StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(value, " ");
	// String test[] = value.split(" ");
	// StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
	//
	// for (int i = 0; i < test.length; i++) {
	// // test[i]=test[test.length-i-1];
	// str.append(test[test.length - i - 1]);
	// str.append(" ");
	// }
	// str.deleteCharAt(str.length() - 1);
	// String strReversedLine = "";
	//
	// while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
	// strReversedLine = st.nextToken() + " " + strReversedLine;
	// }
	//
	// return str.toString();
	// }

	private static int getRecNumbers(String no1, String no2) {

		int a = Integer.valueOf(no1);
		int b = Integer.valueOf(no2);
		Set<String> dupC = new HashSet<String>();
		for (int i = a; i <= b; i++) {
			int n = i;
			List<String> value = findPerm(n);
			for (String val : value) {
				if (Integer.valueOf(val) <= b && Integer.valueOf(val) >= a
						&& n < Integer.valueOf(val)) {
					dupC.add(n + "-" + val);
				}
			}
		}
		return dupC.size();
	}

	private static List<String> findPerm(int num) {
		String numString = String.valueOf(num);
		List<String> value = new ArrayList<String>();
		for (int i = 0; i < numString.length(); i++) {
			String temp = charIns(numString, i);
			if (!temp.equalsIgnoreCase(numString)) {
				value.add(charIns(numString, i));
			}
		}
		return value;

	}

	public static String charIns(String str, int j) {
		String begin = str.substring(0, j);
		String end = str.substring(j);
		return end + begin;
	}
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Problem

Do you ever become frustrated with television because you keep seeing the same things, recycled over and over again? Well I personally don't care about television, but I do sometimes feel that way about numbers.

Let's say a pair of distinct positive integers (n, m) is recycled if you can obtain m by moving some digits from the back of n to the front without changing their order. For example, (12345, 34512) is a recycled pair since you can obtain 34512 by moving 345 from the end of 12345 to the front. Note that n and m must have the same number of digits in order to be a recycled pair. Neither n nor m can have leading zeros.

Given integers A and B with the same number of digits and no leading zeros, how many distinct recycled pairs (n, m) are there with A ² n < m ² B?

Input

The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case consists of a single line containing the integers A and B.

Output

For each test case, output one line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the case number (starting from 1), and y is the number of recycled pairs (n, m) with A ² n < m ² B.

Limits

1 ² T ² 50.
A and B have the same number of digits.

Small dataset

1 ² A ² B ² 1000.

Large dataset

1 ² A ² B ² 2000000.

Sample


Input 
 	
Output 
 
4
1 9
10 40
100 500
1111 2222
Case #1: 0
Case #2: 3
Case #3: 156
Case #4: 287

Are we sure about the output to Case #4?

Yes, we're sure about the output to Case #4.

 * @author andrey
 *
 */
public class QCRecycledNumbers {
	
	private static int[] INT_LENGTH = new int[] {1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000};
	
	public static void solve(BufferedReader reader, BufferedWriter writer) throws IOException {
		int testCount = readIntFromLine(reader);
		
		for (int test = 1; test <= testCount; test++) {
			writer.append("Case #").append(Integer.toString(test)).append(": ");
			
			solveTestCase(reader, writer);
			
			writer.newLine();
		}
		writer.flush();
	}

	private static void solveTestCase(BufferedReader reader, BufferedWriter writer) throws IOException {
		String[] testCase = reader.readLine().split("\\s");
		int minValue = Integer.parseInt(testCase[0]);
		int maxValue = Integer.parseInt(testCase[1]);
		
		int length = testCase[0].length();
		
		if (minValue >= maxValue) {
			writer.append('0');
			return;
		}
		
		int recycledCount = 0;
		int recycledNumber;
		int lowerPart;
		int foundRecycledNumbersCount;
		int[] foundRecycledNumbers = new int[length - 1];
		
		for (int i = minValue; i < maxValue; i++) {				
			foundRecycledNumbersCount = 0;
			
			for (int j=1; j < length; j++) {
				lowerPart = i % INT_LENGTH[j];
				if (lowerPart < INT_LENGTH[j - 1]) {
					// can't rotate, because first digit in lowerPart is 0
					continue;
				}
				
				recycledNumber = lowerPart*INT_LENGTH[length - j] + i/INT_LENGTH[j];
				if (recycledNumber <= i || recycledNumber > maxValue) {
					// recycled number exceeds limits
					continue;
				}
				
				boolean duplicate = false;
				for (int k=0; k < foundRecycledNumbersCount; k++) {
					if (foundRecycledNumbers[k] == recycledNumber) {
						duplicate = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (duplicate) {
					continue; // such permutation already found
				}
				
//				if (foundRecycledNumbersCount == 0) {
//					System.out.print(i + " -> ");
//				}
//				System.out.print(recycledNumber + ", ");
				foundRecycledNumbers[foundRecycledNumbersCount++] = recycledNumber;
				recycledCount++;
			}
//			if (foundRecycledNumbersCount > 0) {
//				System.out.println();
//			}
		}
		
		writer.append(Integer.toString(recycledCount));
	}
	
	public static void solve(String inputFile, String outputFile) throws IOException {
		File input = new File(inputFile);
		File output = new File(outputFile);
		
		if (!input.exists()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Input file doesn't exist: " + inputFile);
		}
		
		BufferedReader reader = null;
		BufferedWriter writer = null;
		try {
			reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(input));
			writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(output));
			solve(reader, writer);
		
		} finally {
			if (reader != null)
				reader.close();
			if (writer != null)
				writer.close();
		}
	}
	
	public static int readIntFromLine(BufferedReader reader) throws IOException {
		String line = reader.readLine();
		int testCount = Integer.parseInt(line);
		return testCount;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		System.out.println("Start...");
		solve("res/input.txt", "res/output.txt");
		System.out.println("Done!");
		
	}
}
