/*
 * Problem C. Recycled Numbers
 * 
 * Do you ever become frustrated with television because you keep seeing the
 * same things, recycled over and over again? Well I personally don't care about
 * television, but I do sometimes feel that way about numbers.
 * 
 * Let's say a pair of distinct positive integers (n, m) is recycled if you can
 * obtain m by moving some digits from the back of n to the front without
 * changing their order. For example, (12345, 34512) is a recycled pair since
 * you can obtain 34512 by moving 345 from the end of 12345 to the front. Note
 * that n and m must have the same number of digits in order to be a recycled
 * pair. Neither n nor m can have leading zeros.
 * 
 * Given integers A and B with the same number of digits and no leading zeros,
 * how many distinct recycled pairs (n, m) are there with A â¤ n < m â¤ B?
 * 
 * Input
 * 
 * The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases
 * follow. Each test case consists of a single line containing the integers A
 * and B.
 * 
 * Output
 * 
 * For each test case, output one line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the
 * case number (starting from 1), and y is the number of recycled pairs (n, m)
 * with A â¤ n < m â¤ B.
 * 
 * Limits
 * 
 * 1 â¤ T â¤ 50.
 * 
 * A and B have the same number of digits.

Small dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 1000.

Large dataset

1 â¤ A â¤ B â¤ 2000000.

Sample


Input 
 	
Output 
 
4
1 9
10 40
100 500
1111 2222
Case #1: 0
Case #2: 3
Case #3: 156
Case #4: 287
 */

package google.codejam.y2012.qualifications;

import google.codejam.commons.Utils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

/**
 * @author Marco Lackovic <marco.lackovic@gmail.com>
 * @version 1.0, Apr 14, 2012
 */
public class RecycledNumbers {

	private static final String INPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.in";
	private static final String OUTPUT_FILE_NAME = "C-large.out";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String[] input = Utils.readFromFile(INPUT_FILE_NAME);
		String[] output = new String[input.length];
		int x = 0;
		for (String line : input) {
			StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(line);
			int a = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			int b = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken());
			System.out.println("Computing case #" + (x + 1));
			output[x++] = "Case #" + x + ": " + recycledNumbers(a, b);
		}
		Utils.writeToFile(output, OUTPUT_FILE_NAME);
	}

	private static int recycledNumbers(int a, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		for (int n = a; n < b; n++) {
			count += getNumGreaterRotations(n, b);
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static int getNumGreaterRotations(int n, int b) {
		int count = 0;
		char[] chars = Integer.toString(n).toCharArray();
		for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
			chars = rotateRight(chars);
			if (chars[0] != '0') {
				int m = Integer.valueOf(new String(chars));
				if (n == m) {
					break;
				} else if (n < m && m <= b) {
					count++;
				}
			}
		}
		return count;
	}

	private static char[] rotateRight(char[] chars) {
		char last = chars[chars.length - 1];
		for (int i = chars.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
			chars[i + 1] = chars[i];
		}
		chars[0] = last;
		return chars;
	}

}

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ProblemC2 
{
	public boolean checked[];
	public int min, max;
	
	public static void main(String [] args)
	{
		new ProblemC2();
	}
	
	public ProblemC2()
	{
		try
		{
			String inputFile = new String("C-large");
			BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(inputFile));
			PrintWriter	out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(inputFile+".out"),true);
				
			int numCases = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
			String [] items = null;
			for(int j = 0 ; j < numCases; j++)
			{
				checked = new boolean[2000001];
				items = in.readLine().split("\\s+");
				min = Integer.parseInt(items[0]);
				max = Integer.parseInt(items[1]);
				int total = 0;
				for(int x = min; x <= max; x++)
				{
					if(! checked[x])
						total+=checkRecycled(x);
				}
				out.println("Case #" + (j+1) + ": " + total);
			}
			in.close();
			out.close();
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private int checkRecycled(int x) 
	{
		int matches=1;
		checked[x]=true;
		if(x<10)
			return 0;
		
		int numChecks = 0;
		if(x>=1000000)
			numChecks = 6;
		else if(x>=100000)
			numChecks = 5;
		else if(x>=10000)
			numChecks = 4;
		else if(x>=1000)
			numChecks = 3;
		else if(x>=100)
			numChecks = 2;
		else
			numChecks = 1;
		
		String xstr=new String(""+x);
		int tmp=0;
		for(int i=0; i<numChecks ; i++)
		{
			xstr=xstr.substring(xstr.length()-1)+""+xstr.substring(0,xstr.length()-1);
			if(xstr.startsWith("0"))
				continue;
			tmp = Integer.parseInt(xstr);
			if(x != tmp && tmp >= min && tmp <= max && checked[tmp] == false)
				matches++;
			if(tmp<=2000000)
				checked[tmp]=true;
		}
		if(matches == 1)
			return 0;
		else if(matches == 2)
			return 1;
		else if(matches == 3)
			return 3;
		else if(matches == 4)
			return 6;
		else if(matches == 5)
			return 10;
		else if(matches == 6)
			return 15;
		else if(matches == 7)
			return 21;
		
		return 0;
	}
}
