package jp.funnything.competition.util;

import java.math.BigInteger;

/**
 * Utility for BigInteger
 */
public class BI {
    public static BigInteger ZERO = BigInteger.ZERO;
    public static BigInteger ONE = BigInteger.ONE;

    public static BigInteger add( final BigInteger x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return x.add( y );
    }

    public static BigInteger add( final BigInteger x , final long y ) {
        return add( x , v( y ) );
    }

    public static BigInteger add( final long x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return add( v( x ) , y );
    }

    public static int cmp( final BigInteger x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return x.compareTo( y );
    }

    public static int cmp( final BigInteger x , final long y ) {
        return cmp( x , v( y ) );
    }

    public static int cmp( final long x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return cmp( v( x ) , y );
    }

    public static BigInteger div( final BigInteger x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return x.divide( y );
    }

    public static BigInteger div( final BigInteger x , final long y ) {
        return div( x , v( y ) );
    }

    public static BigInteger div( final long x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return div( v( x ) , y );
    }

    public static BigInteger mod( final BigInteger x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return x.mod( y );
    }

    public static BigInteger mod( final BigInteger x , final long y ) {
        return mod( x , v( y ) );
    }

    public static BigInteger mod( final long x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return mod( v( x ) , y );
    }

    public static BigInteger mul( final BigInteger x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return x.multiply( y );
    }

    public static BigInteger mul( final BigInteger x , final long y ) {
        return mul( x , v( y ) );
    }

    public static BigInteger mul( final long x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return mul( v( x ) , y );
    }

    public static BigInteger sub( final BigInteger x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return x.subtract( y );
    }

    public static BigInteger sub( final BigInteger x , final long y ) {
        return sub( x , v( y ) );
    }

    public static BigInteger sub( final long x , final BigInteger y ) {
        return sub( v( x ) , y );
    }

    public static BigInteger v( final long value ) {
        return BigInteger.valueOf( value );
    }
}

package year2012.qualification.c;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class RecycledNumbers {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		//GCJå±é
		String filename = "src/year2012/qualification/c/C-small-attempt0";
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new File(filename + ".out"));
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File(filename + ".in"));
		
		final int T = scan.nextInt();
		for(int i=0;i<T;i++){
			int ans=0;
			int A = scan.nextInt();
			int B = scan.nextInt();
			
			for(int n=A;n<B;n++){
				int m_memo = -1;
				
				char[] na = String.valueOf(n).toCharArray();
				//ä¾ãã°nã123ã®ã¨ãã231,312ã[A,B)ã®ä¸­ã«ãããèª¿ã¹ã
				//ãã®ä¾ã ã¨k=2åã«ã¼ã
				for(int k=1;k<na.length;k++){
					char[] ma = rotate(na, k);
					int m = Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(ma));
					if(A <=n
						&& n < m
						&& m <= B
						&& m != m_memo){
						
						m_memo = m;
						ans++;
					}
				}
				
			}
			//åºå
			out.printf("Case #%d: %s\n", i+1, ans);
		}
		out.flush();
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * éåãnåå·¦ã«ããããæ°ããéåãè¿ãã¾ãã
	 * @param in
	 * @param n
	 * @return
	 */
	private static char[] rotate(final char[] in, int n){
		if(n>=in.length){
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("n= " + n + ", in.length = "
					+ in.length + "ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ããn<in.lengthã«ãã¦ãã ããã");
		}
		char[] out = new char[in.length];
		
		//1,2,3,4ã2åå·¦ã«ãããå ´åãã¾ãå·¦å´ã®2åãéé¿ãã
		char[] tmp = new char[n];
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			tmp[i] = in[i];
		}
		//æ¬¡ã«in[n]ããin[in.length]ã¾ã§ãout[0]ããout[in.length - 2]ã¾ã§ã«ã³ãã¼
		for(int i=0;i<in.length-n;i++){
			out[i] = in[i+n];
		}
		//æå¾ã«out[length-n,length]ã«tmp[0,n]ããå¤ããã©ã
		for(int i=in.length-n;i<in.length;i++){
			out[i] = tmp[i-in.length+n];
		}
		return out;
	}
}
