Professor John McCanny of Queen's University, Belfast, gets a knighthood.
Ex-NI Prison Service director Sue McAllister and leading civil servant Leo O'Reilly receive Companions of the Order of the Bath.
In sport, there are MBEs for Northern Ireland football boss Michael O'Neill and swimmer Bethany Firth.
Derek McClure receives a CBE for services to mental healthcare and people with learning disabilities, as does Gerard McGinn, chairman of the Strategic Investment Board, for services to the Northern Ireland economy.
Police officers, charity workers, teachers and business people are also among those recognised on the honours list.
Mr McCanny is a professor in Electronics and Computer Engineering at Queen's University and Director of the Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology based at Titanic Quarter.
Queen's University has described him as an "international authority in the design of silicon integrated circuits for digital signal processing, having made many pioneering contributions to this field".
He receives his knighthood for services to higher education and economic development.
Mrs McAllister was appointed director general of Northern Ireland's prison service in 2012 and became the first woman to hold the most senior position within a prison service in the UK.
Earlier this year, she announced she would be stepping down from the role.
Leo O'Reilly is the current permanent secretary at the Department for Communities in Northern Ireland. He previously held the same position at the Department of the Environment and the Department of Finance and Personnel.
Michael O'Neill helped Northern Ireland end a 30-year absence from tournament football by qualifying for their first European Championship, which was hosted in France earlier this year. The team reached the knock-out stages, after topping their group during qualifying.
In 2015, he won Coach of the Year at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards. Mr O'Neill gained 33 caps for Northern Ireland during his playing career.
Bethany Firth, from Seaforde in County Down, won three gold medals and one silver at the Paralympic Games in Rio in 2016.
She was Britain's most decorated medallist at the Rio Games.
The full list of Northern Ireland recipients is below:
More than 100 people in Northern Ireland have been recognised for their achievements in the New Year Honours list.