The 16-time world champion, 55, beat Gary Anderson 7-3 and James Wade 7-4.
Michael van Gerwen lies second after beating Robert Thornton with a three-dart average of 117.95, the third-highest televised average in history.
Wade had earlier defeated Raymond van Barneveld before losing to Taylor, while Adrian Lewis and Peter Wright drew 6-6 in Thursday's other match.
Eight players remain in the competition after Dave Chisnall and Michael Smith were eliminated following the ninth round of fixtures.
The top four players after 16 round-robin matches will qualify for the play-offs in London on 19 May.
James Wade 7-4 Raymond van Barneveld
Gary Anderson 3-7 Phil Taylor
Robert Thornton 5-7 Michael van Gerwen
Adrian Lewis 6-6 Peter Wright
Phil Taylor 7-4 James Wade
Phil Taylor won twice in Sheffield to move three points clear at the top of the Premier League table.