26 October 2016 Last updated at 16:37 BST
The plane is in charge of measuring pollution levels in the UK's cities.
It's run by the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM), a UK group of scientists and meteorologists.
Watch Martin as he takes a flight over Manchester and Liverpool to see how it all works.
This is one of the most advanced scientific planes in the world - it can fly 10km up into the air, through hurricanes, and even over polar ice caps.