The 49-year-old was knocked down by a number 16 Lothian Bus at the junction of Princes Street and Fredrick Street just after 13:30.
The bus was travelling to Leith when it was involved in the accident. The man is being treated at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
Police Scotland said Fredrick Street was closed for just under an hour.
A spokesman for Lothian Buses said: "We can confirm that one of our vehicles was involved in an incident involving a pedestrian on Frederick Street this afternoon.
"Emergency services attended the scene and a male was taken to hospital."
A man has been taken to hospital with minor head injuries after being hit by a bus in Edinburgh city centre.