The 23-year-old world number 143 was found guilty of altering the outcome of his match against Kamil Majchrzak at an ATP Challenger in Morocco in October.
Riccardo Accardi and Antonio Campo have also been banned and fined for their roles in attempts to fix matches.
Accardi was given a 12-month ban while Campo was suspended for four months.
Cecchinato, who is able to appeal, was found guilty of "several other instances of sports corruption" and suspended until January 2018.
Italy's Marco Cecchinato has been banned for 18 months and fined 40,000 euros (£33,500) for match-fixing, says the Italian tennis federation.