Chopra won the "favourite actress in a new TV series" award for her role as an FBI agent in the US thriller Quantico.
Other actresses nominated for the award included Emma Roberts, Jamie Lee Curtis, Lea Michele and Marcia Gay Harden.
Chopra tweeted an image of herself with the award, thanking fans for voting for her and said she was "fortunate".
Chopra also presented the award for favourite action movie to Furious 7, along with actor John Stamos.
Other winners at the awards include pop stars Taylor Swift and Justin Bieber, and Jim Parsons from The Big Bang Theory.
Chopra's win has pushed #PeoplesChoiceAwards, which is not followed widely in India, to the top of Twitter trends in the country:
Indian actress Priyanka Chopra has become the first South Asian actress to win a People's Choice Award.