The all-rounder appeared to jar his left knee while bowling on day two of England's innings-and-88-run win in the first Test at Headingley.
Stokes, 24, will have a scan on Sunday, with the results - and the party for the Test at Chester-le-Street - not expected until Monday.
The match, the second of three Tests, begins on Friday.
Media playback is not supported on this device
It he his fit, it will be the first time that Durham all-rounder Stokes has played a Test on his home ground.
However, England cricket director Andrew Strauss said Stokes' participation is "touch and go".
Speaking to BBC Radio 5 live's Sportsweek on Sunday, Strauss said: "He was struggling yesterday. The plan is to see how he is today.
"We know what he is like - you have to drag him off the pitch kicking and screaming, but we're mindful of a busy summer ahead as well."
Stokes left the field on the second evening of England's win and did not bowl on Saturday as they wrapped up a three-day victory.
If he is ruled out of the second Test, Warwickshire all-rounder Chris Woakes would be a like-for-like replacement in the squad.
England may also opt to re-jig their batting order and give a debut to Nottinghamshire pace bowler Jake Ball.
England will wait on the fitness of Ben Stokes before naming their squad for the second Test against Sri Lanka.