Days of wet weather in Birmingham had left the outfield damp and without any sign of conditions improving, the umpires abandoned the game 10 minutes after the scheduled 14:00 BST start.
Both sides take a point and Derbyshire remain unbeaten in the North Group.
Warwickshire have won just one of their four matches and sit fifth.
Heavy rain saw the One-Day Cup match between Warwickshire and Derbyshire at Edgbaston called off without a ball being bowled.