Taylor, 30, has played 27 games for Wigan since joining from Cardiff in 2014 and featured 23 times on loan with Championship side Reading last season.
He began his career at Middlesbrough and had loan spells at Bradford and Watford before moving to Cardiff in 2011, where he played 114 games.
The deal takes Bolton's tally of signings to seven for the season.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.
League One side Bolton Wanderers have signed full-back Andrew Taylor on a season-long loan from Wigan Athletic.