McCombe appeared 61 times in a two-year spell with the Minstermen prior to leaving the club last month.
The 30-year-old was a member of the York side that reached the League Two play-off semi-finals in 2013-14.
Starting his career with Huddersfield Town, he also played for Port Vale and Hereford and won promotion from League Two with both sides.
Macclesfield Town have signed former York City defender John McCombe on a deal until the end of the season.