The centre-back, who spent time in the youth ranks at Norwich, has signed a two-year contract at Crabble.
Essuman had spells at Maldon & Tiptree United and Grays Athletic before joining VCD Athletic in January.
Chris Kinnear's Dover are fifth in the table with 11 games of the campaign remaining after Saturday's 0-0 draw at home to Solihull Moors.
National League Dover have signed defender George Essuman from Ryman League North side VCD Athletic.