The 40-year-old was followed after getting off a bus in Market Street, Hyde, Greater Manchester, at about 23:30 BST on 24 May.
He walked up to Tower Street and was attacked from behind and robbed, police said.
The teenagers, aged between 13 and 15, have been charged with assault and will appear at Tameside Magistrates' Court.
The victim remains in hospital where he is being treated for a fractured skull and a bleed on the brain.
Five boys have been charged after a man with learning difficulties was attacked and suffered a fractured skull.