A site in the Solihull area was raided police, executing a warrant, and RSPCA inspectors.
A 51-year-old man and a woman, 41, from Hampton-in-Arden, were arrested on suspicion of animal cruelty, West Midlands Police said. The woman was later released on bail.
The dogs were on their way to "be looked after properly", the force said.
The RSPCA confirmed a "number of small-breed dogs" had been removed.
"The investigation is currently ongoing," a spokeswoman said.
More than 20 dogs have been rescued from a suspected "puppy farm", police have said.