King Arthur Pendragon argued a parking fee of £15 for the 2016 summer solstice breached his human rights.
Parking at the Neolithic monument, managed by English Heritage (EH), usually costs £5.
A judge at Salisbury County Court granted Mr Pendragon a full hearing at a small claims court.
Mr Pendragon, who was joined by other druid and pagan supporters to protest outside the court, believes the £15 fee was "illegal" and excluded 12,500 from the event.
He told the judge at the allocation hearing that the claim was not about money or costs, but the fact it "unfairly targeted his religion".
The increased charge was introduced to encourage more people to car share or travel by bus, but Mr Pendragon said he wanted to prove EH was wrong to turn him away when he refused to "pay to pray".
A spokeswoman for EH said: "This was a procedural hearing establishing the next steps and we look forward to presenting our full case at a later date.
"As legal proceedings are ongoing it would be inappropriate to comment further."
Mr Pendragon asked that the date for the full hearing does not clash with the spring or summer solstice.
A senior druid has been told he can take English Heritage to court to challenge "pay to pray" car parking charges at Stonehenge.