what are some examples of enzymes in biology
Enzyme An enzyme's name is often derived from its substrate or the chemical reaction it catalyzes, with the word ending in -ase.[1]:8.1.3 Examples are lactase, alcohol dehydrogenase and DNA polymerase. Different enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction are called isozymes.[1]:10.3
Egg Reproductive structures similar to the egg in other kingdoms are termed "spores," or in spermatophytes "seeds," or in gametophytes "egg cells".
Protein (nutrient) Most proteins are decomposed to single amino acids by digestion in the gastro-intestinal tract.[14]
Ethyl methanesulfonate EMS is often used in genetics as a mutagen. Mutations induced by EMS can then be studied in genetic screens or other assays.
Mutation Nonlethal mutations accumulate within the gene pool and increase the amount of genetic variation.[23] The abundance of some genetic changes within the gene pool can be reduced by natural selection, while other "more favorable" mutations may accumulate and result in adaptive changes.
Macromolecule The single-stranded nature of protein molecules, together with their composition of 20 or more different amino acid building blocks, allows them to fold in to a vast number of different three-dimensional shapes, while providing binding pockets through which they can specifically interact with all manner of molecules. In addition, the chemical diversity of the different amino acids, together with different chemical environments afforded by local 3D structure, enables many proteins to act as Enzymes, catalyzing a wide range of specific biochemical transformations within cells. In addition, proteins have evolved the ability to bind a wide range of cofactors and Coenzymes, smaller molecules that can endow the protein with specific activities beyond those associated with the polypeptide chain alone.