which body functions are affected by the thyroid​ hormones t3​(tri-iodothyronine) and t4​(thyroxine)
Thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). They are tyrosine-based hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T3 and T4 are partially composed of iodine. A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T3 and T4, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T4), which has a longer half-life than T3.[1] In humans, the ratio of T4 to T3 released into the blood is sometimes claimed to be quite high, but thyroid removal patient data suggests it to vary between 4:1 to 2:1, the average being 100:36 (roughly 2.8:1). T4 is converted to the active T3 (three to four times more potent than T4) within cells by deiodinases (5'-iodinase). These are further processed by decarboxylation and deiodination to produce iodothyronamine (T1a) and thyronamine (T0a). All three isoforms of the deiodinases are selenium-containing enzymes, thus dietary selenium is essential for T3 production. Edward Calvin Kendall was responsible for the isolation of thyroxine in 1915.[2]
Small intestine Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the jejunum, with the following notable exceptions:
Abdominal examination On light palpation, the examiner tests for any palpable mass, rigidity, or pain.
Nuclear membrane Exactly how the nuclear membrane reforms during telophase of mitosis is debated. Two theories exist[7]â€”
Pituitary gland Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help control: growth, blood pressure, certain functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism as well as some aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, nursing, water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation and pain relief.
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