who seized new netherland from the dutch in 1664
New Netherland On August 27, 1664, four English frigates led by Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam’s harbor and demanded New Netherland’s surrender.[51][52] They met no resistance because numerous citizens’ requests had gone unheeded for protection by a suitable Dutch garrison against "the deplorable and tragic massacres" by the natives. That lack of adequate fortification, ammunition, and manpower made New Amsterdam defenseless, as well as the indifference from the West India Company to previous pleas for reinforcement of men and ships against "the continual troubles, threats, encroachments and invasions of the English neighbors." Stuyvesant negotiated successfully for good terms from his "too powerful enemies".[53] In the Articles of Transfer, he and his council secured the principle of religious tolerance in Article VIII, which assured that New Netherlanders "shall keep and enjoy the liberty of their consciences in religion" under English rule. The Articles were largely observed in New Amsterdam and the Hudson River Valley, but they were immediately violated by the English along the Delaware River, where pillaging, looting, and arson were undertaken under the orders of English officer Sir Robert Carr, Kt.[54][55] who had been dispatched to secure the valley. Many Dutch settlers were sold into slavery in Virginia on Carr's orders, and an entire Mennonite settlement was wiped out, led by Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy near modern Lewes, Delaware. The 1667 Treaty of Breda ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War; the Dutch did not press their claims on New Netherland, and the status quo was maintained, with the Dutch occupying Suriname and the nutmeg island of Run.
New Netherland The inhabitants of New Netherland were Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans, the last chiefly imported as enslaved laborers. By 1664, at the time of transfer to England, the colony had an estimated population of between 7,000 and 8,000 people, half of whom were not of Dutch descent.[3]
Economic nationalism While the coining of the term "
Nandalal Bose He was given the work of illustrating the constitution of India
Province of New York In 1664, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch Province of New Netherland was awarded by Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. James raised a fleet to take it from the Dutch and the Dutch surrendered to the English fleet. The province was renamed for the Duke of York, as its proprietor. England seized (de facto) control of the colony from the Dutch in 1664, and was given sovereign control (de jure) in 1667 in the Treaty of Breda, and again in the Treaty of Westminster (1674). The colony was one of the Middle Colonies, and ruled at first directly from England. When James ascended to the throne of England as James II, the colony became a royal colony.
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