when did world war 1 start in gallipoli
Gallipoli Campaign On 27 October, Goeben and Breslau, now Yavûz Sultân Selîm and Midilli, conducted the Black Sea Raid, a sortie into the Black Sea, where they bombarded the Russian port of Odessa and sank several ships.[30] The Ottomans refused an Allied demand that they expel the German missions and on 31 October 1914, formally entered the war on the side of the Central Powers.[31][30] Russia declared war on Turkey on 2 November, the next day the British ambassador left Constantinople and a British naval squadron off the Dardanelles bombarded the outer defensive forts at Kum Kale on the northern Asian coast and Seddülbahir on the southern tip of the Gallipoli Peninsula. A British shell hit a magazine in one of the forts, knocked the guns off their mounts and killed 86 soldiers.[32]
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Gallipoli Campaign The Allies planned to land and secure the northern shore, to capture the Ottoman forts and artillery batteries there so that a naval force could advance through the Narrows and the Sea of Marmara towards Constantinople.[88] Scheduled for 23 April but postponed until 25 April due to bad weather, landings were to be made at six beaches on the peninsula.[89] The 29th Division was to land at Helles on the tip of the peninsula and then advance upon the forts at Kilitbahir. The Anzacs, with the 3rd Infantry Brigade spearheading the assault, were to land north of Gaba Tepe on the Aegean coast, from where they could advance across the peninsula, cutting off the Ottoman troops in Kilitbahir.[90] The small cove in and around which they landed became known as "Anzac Cove".[91] This sector of the Gallipoli Peninsula became known as Anzac; the area held by the British and French became known as the Helles sector or Helles. The French made a diversionary landing at Kum Kale on the Asian shore before re-embarking, to hold the eastern area of the Helles sector. The Royal Naval Division simulated landing preparations at Bulair as a diversion and a New Zealand officer, Bernard Freyberg, swam ashore under fire to light flares, to distract the defenders from the real landings; Freyberg was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order.[92][93][94]
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Reign of Terror On 6 April the Committee of Public Safety was created, which gradually became the de facto war-time government.[40]
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