difference between cori cycle and glucose alanine cycle
Cahill cycle The Cahill cycle is less productive than the Cori cycle, which uses lactate, since a byproduct of energy production from alanine is production of urea.[4] Removal of the urea is energy-dependent, requiring four "high-energy" phosphate bonds (3 ATP hydrolyzed to 2 ADP and one AMP), thus the net ATP produced is less than that found in the Cori cycle. However, unlike in the Cori cycle, NADH is conserved because lactate is not formed. This allows for it to be oxidized via the electron transport chain. This pathway requires the presence of alanine aminotransferase, which is restricted to tissues such as muscle, liver, and the intestine. Therefore, this pathway is used instead of the Cori cycle only when an aminotransferase is present, when there is a need to transfer ammonia to the liver and when the body is in a state of catabolism (muscle breakdown).
Computer data storage Data are encoded by assigning a bit pattern to each character, digit, or multimedia object. Many standards exist for encoding (e.g., character encodings like ASCII, image encodings like JPEG, video encodings like MPEG-4).
Shekhinah This term does not occur in the Bible, and is from rabbinic literature.[2]:148[3][4]
Gluconeogenesis In mammals, gluconeogenesis has been believed to be restricted to the liver,[19] the kidney,[19] the intestine,[20] and muscle,[citation needed] but recent evidence indicates gluconeogenesis occurring in astrocytes of the brain.[21] These organs use somewhat different gluconeogenic precursors. The liver preferentially uses lactate, alanine and glycerol (especially alanine) while the kidney preferentially uses lactate, glutamine and glycerol (especially glutamine).[22][7] Lactate from the Cori cycle is quantitatively the largest source of substrate for gluconeogenesis, especially for the kidney.[7] The liver uses both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to produce glucose, whereas the kidney only uses gluconeogenesis.[7] After a meal, the liver shifts to glycogen synthesis, whereas the kidney increases gluconeogenesis.[10] The intestine uses mostly glutamine and glycerol.[20]