why didn't latin american nations develop an industrial base during the 19th century
Latin America This newly gained British dominance hindered the development of Latin American industries and strengthened the dependence on the world trade network.[53] Britain now replaced Spain as the region's largest trading partner.[54] Great Britain invested significant capital in Latin America in order to develop the area as a market for processed goods.[55] From the early 1820s to 1850, the post-independence economies of Latin American countries were lagging and stagnant.[50] Eventually, enhanced trade among Britain and Latin America led to state development such as infrastructure improvements. These improvements included roads and railroads which grew the trades between countries and outside nations such as Great Britain.[56] By 1870, exports dramatically increased, attracting capital from abroad (including Europe and USA).[57]
Arch The ancient Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans, refined it and were the first builders to tap its full potential for above ground buildings:
Antonio López de Santa Anna An enigmatic, patriotic and controversial figure, Santa Anna had great power in Mexico; during a turbulent 40-year career, he served as general at crucial points and served eleven non-consecutive presidential terms over a period of 22 years.[a] In the periods of time when he was not serving as president, he continued to pursue his military career.[9] A wealthy landowner, he built a firm political base in the major port city of Veracruz. He was perceived as a hero by his troops; he sought glory for himself and his army, and independent Mexico. He repeatedly rebuilt his reputation after major losses. Historians and many Mexicans also rank him as perhaps the principal inhabitant even today of Mexico's pantheon of "those who failed the nation."[10] His centralist rhetoric and military failures resulted in Mexico losing just over half its territory, beginning with the Texas Revolution of 1836, and culminating with the Mexican Cession of 1848 following its defeat by the United States in the Mexican–American War.
New Delhi Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911.