when did the reformation of the catholic church occur
Reformation The Reformation (from Latin reformatio, literally "restoration, renewal"), also referred to as the Protestant Reformation, was a schism from the Roman Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe. It is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-Five Theses by Luther in 1517, lasting until the end of the Thirty Years' War with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
Council of Trent These decrees were later supplemented by the First Vatican Council of 1870.
English Reformation Few monasteries, chantries, and guilds were reinstated. "Parish religion was marked by religious and cultural sterility,"[73] though some have observed enthusiasm, marred only by poor harvests that produced poverty and want.[74] Full restoration of the Roman Catholic faith in England to its pre-Reformation state would take time. Consequently, Protestants secretly ministering to underground congregations, such as Thomas Bentham, were planning for a long haul, a ministry of survival.[75] Mary's death in November 1558, childless and without having made provision for a Roman Catholic to succeed her, would undo her consolidation.
Counter-Reformation The Counter-Reformation (Latin: Contrareformatio), also called the Catholic Reformation (Latin: Reformatio Catholica) or the Catholic Revival,[1] was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545â€“1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648). The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort composed of five major elements: