what is initial value problem and boundary value problem
Boundary value problem Boundary value problems are similar to initial value problems. A boundary value problem has conditions specified at the extremes ("boundaries") of the independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and that value is at the lower boundary of the domain, thus the term "initial" value).
Limit of a function (the Dirichlet function) has no limit at any x-coordinate.
Van der Waals equation is the volume of the container occupied by each particle (not the velocity of a particle), and k is the Boltzmann constant. It introduces two new parameters: a', a measure of the average attraction between particles, and b', the volume excluded from v by one particle.
Rate equation k is the first order rate constant, which has units of 1/s or sâˆ’1.