specific gravity is a comparison of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of
Specific gravity Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance; equivalently, it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of a reference substance for the same given volume. Apparent specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a volume of the substance to the weight of an equal volume of the reference substance. The reference substance for liquids is nearly always water at its densest (at 4 째C / 39.2 째F); for gases it is air at room temperature (20째C / 68째 F). Nonetheless, the temperature and pressure must be specified for both the sample and the reference. Pressure is nearly always 1 atm (101.325 kPa).
Van der Waals equation is the volume of the container occupied by each particle (not the velocity of a particle), and k is the Boltzmann constant. It introduces two new parameters: a', a measure of the average attraction between particles, and b', the volume excluded from v by one particle.
Boyle's law where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant.
Density The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is