primary neurulation begins in response to signals released by cells in the
Neurulation As neurulation proceeds after induction the cells of the neural plate become high-columnar and can be identified through microscopy as different from the surrounding presumptive epithelial ectoderm (epiblastic endoderm in amniotes). The cells move laterally and away from the central axis and change into a truncated pyramid shape. This pyramid shape is achieved through tubulin and actin in the apical portion of the cell which constricts as they move. The variation in cell shapes is partially determined by the location of the nucleus within the cell, causing bulging in areas of the cells forcing the height and shape of the cell to change. This process is known as apical constriction.[23][24] The result is a flattening of the differentiating neural plate which is particularly obvious in salamanders when the previously round gastrula becomes a rounded ball with a flat top.[25] See Neural plate
Rate equation k is the first order rate constant, which has units of 1/s or sâˆ’1.
Swallowing 5) Closure of the nasopharynx
Ascaris lumbricoides Infections with these parasites are more common where sanitation is poor,[10] and raw human feces are used as fertilizer.