what kind of conditions can produce hydrolysis of an ester
Hydrolysis Acidâ€“base-catalysed hydrolyses are very common; one example is the hydrolysis of amides or esters. Their hydrolysis occurs when the nucleophile (a nucleus-seeking agent, e.g., water or hydroxyl ion) attacks the carbon of the carbonyl group of the ester or amide. In an aqueous base, hydroxyl ions are better nucleophiles than polar molecules such as water. In acids, the carbonyl group becomes protonated, and this leads to a much easier nucleophilic attack. The products for both hydrolyses are compounds with carboxylic acid groups.
Dividend yield Its reciprocal is the Price/Dividend ratio.
Acid–base reaction For example, a BrÃ¸nsted-Lowry model for the dissociation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in aqueous solution would be the following:
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