A standard, classic martini is made from gin and vermouth and garnished with an olive.  If you do not specify a different concentration of either gin or vermouth, the martini will be prepared with one part dry vermouth and four to five parts gin. Gin is an alcoholic spirit made from distilled grain or malt. The spirit is also flavored with juniper berries. Vermouth is a liquor made with wine, also known as a fortified wine, that is flavored with an infusion of herbs, flowers, spices, and other botanical ingredients. Even though a classic martini is made with gin, a fairly recent trend is to opt for vodka, instead. You can specify this change at the start of your order, and it should be the first change you make if you decide to make it.  Vodka refers to an alcoholic spirit made from distilled rye, wheat, or potatoes. On occasion, it is also made from fermented fruits and sugar, but these types of vodka are not often used in martinis. Older bars will almost always use gin by default, but in some newer bars, the bartender might use vodka as as the default, instead. To be on the safe side, specify which one you want whenever you order a martini. By default, you will be given the cheapest brand of gin or vodka available at the bar. If you are particular about your liquor brands, you should specifically state the brand you want in your martini.  The cheapest, default brand is referred to as the "well." If you do not have a preferred brand and are not familiar with the brands that are out there, ask the bartender about the different brands available at the bar. You can either pick one at random if you want to maintain appearances and pretend to know what you're talking about, or ask the bartender for his or her recommendation. If you decide to specify the brand of alcohol, you only need to state the name of the brand and not the name of the alcohol. For example, you would order "Beefeater," not "Gin Beefeater" or "Beefeater Gin." Similarly, you would order "Vox," not "Vodka Vox" or "Vox Vodka." Among the various...

TL;DR in Chinese:
了解有关马提尼的基础知识。 用伏特加代替金酒。 选择酒的品牌。 改变成分、制作和外观。