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If you live in or have traveled to these areas, or even if you come into contact with someone else who has, you could be at risk. In many parts of the world, the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of TB is a challenge due to health care policy, financial/resource constraints, or overpopulation. This allows TB to go undetected and untreated, causing it to spread. Traveling on an airplane to and from these areas can also harbor the bacteria due to isolated ventilation.  Sub-Saharan Africa India China Russia Pakistan Southeast Asia South America Overcrowded conditions and places with poor ventilation allow the bacteria to spread easily from one person to another. A bad situation can be made even worse if the people around you have poor health background checks or screenings. Conditions to be wary of include:  Prisons Immigration offices Retirement/nursing homes Hospitals/clinics Refugee camps Shelters Having a medical condition that lowers your immune system's natural defenses can be problematic. If your immune system can't function properly, you're vulnerable to all sorts of infections, including TB. Such conditions include:  HIV/AIDS Diabetes End-stage kidney disease Cancers Malnutrition Age (the very young lack developed immune systems, and the aged may have less than optimal immune health) Any drug abuse, including alcohol, tobacco, and IV substances, can lower your body's natural defenses. While some cancers put you at higher risk for TB, so too does the chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Long-term use of steroids, as well as drugs to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs can also affect immune function. So too can drugs used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis), and psoriasis.