Your rod cells take about 30 to 45 minutes to adapt to a change of light around you. Rod cells can only see black and white and have poor resolution but are very sensitive in night vision circumstances.  Photopigments are chemicals contained in both rod and cone cells that are light-sensitive and convert what you see into a language that your brain can understand. Rhodopsin is a photopigment found in rod cells that is critical to night vision. Your ability to adapt to darkness depends on some things that may be out of your control, such as your age, previous eye injury or damage, and any existing eye conditions. In order to see in the darkness, you need to understand what it takes to improve your utilisation of the rod cells and manipulate your eyes to more quickly adapt to a sudden change in light. If you are trying to look at a dim light, don't look directly at it. By doing this, you are utilising your rod cells instead of your cone cells which would happen if you look directly at the dim light. This trick is often used by astronomers. Rod cells don't pick up the color red, so 20–30 minutes of wearing red tinted glasses before you go into a dark area can help you to detect motion around you more quickly.  By blocking everything in the visible spectrum except red, the glasses will allow your rods to adjust to “darkness” of a sort before you head out. This is a common trick that aviators use when they don't have time to sit in perfect darkness and adjust before night-flying. Light sources will force your pupils to contract and diminish your night vision.  The pupil works like the aperture part of a camera, getting smaller or larger depending on the amount of light that is entering the eye. The more light, the smaller the pupil gets. In lower light situations, your pupil opens wide to let in as much light as possible. By looking directly into a light source, you are extending the amount of time it will take for your vision to adjust, or readjust, to the low light. If you can't avoid looking at a light source,...

TL;DR in Vietnamese:
Tận dụng tế bào (hình) que. Đeo kính màu đỏ hoặc kính bảo hộ. Tránh nhìn trực diện vào bất kỳ nguồn sáng nào. Cải thiện tầm nhìn ban đêm khi lái xe. Để mắt điều tiết theo bóng tối một cách tự nhiên. Sử dụng tầm nhìn ngoại vị. Cúi xuống thấp để tạo bóng và tìm kiếm tương phản. Mát xa mắt nhẹ nhàng. Sử dụng mọi giác quan để “quan sát”. Cân nhắc cách quan sát bằng âm thanh.