If you are new to building ecosystems, you may want to start small. However, the smaller your container, the harder it is to maintain a self-sustaining environment. Larger containers allow for the inclusion of multiple diverse species and give everything room to grow. All containers must be clear to let in light.  A small glass bowl is fast to set up and doesn’t take up much space. While smaller bowls can be more difficult to sustain, they are still manageable for beginners. Medium aquariums (10–30 gallons (38–114 l)) have more space for growth, but are more expensive and still limited in the size for growth. Large aquarium (60–200 gallons (230–760 l)) have ample space for growth and diversity and are most likely to be successful; however, they are very expensive and hard to make room for. Fluorescent lighting is important for the growth of the plants in your ecosystem. It is recommended to provide 2 to 5 watts per 1 gallon (3.8 l) of water for a freshwater aquarium. Incandescent lighting will not help your plants grow. The substrate is the soil of the aquarium that allows the plants to anchor and grow. It must be properly established before doing anything else to foster an environment of growth and recycling of nutrients.  If using a small bowl, start with 1 inch (2.5 cm) of sand and then add about  1⁄2 inch (1.3 cm)  of pea gravel on top. For medium to larger aquariums, start with 2 inches (5.1 cm)  of sand and about  1 inch (2.5 cm) of pea gravel on top. Sand and pea gravel can be purchased from a pet store or obtained from a nearby pond. The water is important because it will establish the first source of food for the fish and other organisms: algae and microorganisms. You can start with distilled/bottled water, dechlorinated tap water, or water from a previous fish tank or aquarium.  If you use distilled/bottled water or dechlorinated tap water, mix some fish flakes in with the water to encourage growth. Adding some water from an already established tank will also help growth because it will already have...

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