You are at greater risk for developing stones if family members have experienced kidney stones. Studies show that kidney stones appear to be more common in people with Asian and Caucasian backgrounds than for Native Americans, Africans, or African Americans. Research suggests that people with a high body mass index and larger waist sizes are at greater risk for the development of kidney stones. Body weight, not diet or fluid intake, appears to be the greatest risk factor for kidney stones. Eat a healthy diet and get plenty of exercise to reduce your weight and your risk. Men between 30 and 50 years old and postmenopausal women are the most likely to get kidney stones. Certain surgical procedures and medical conditions increase your risk of kidney stones. These include:  Gastric bypass or other intestinal surgery Urinary tract infections Inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn's disease Chronic diarrhea Renal tubular acidosis Hyperparathyroidism Insulin resistance There are four different kinds of kidney stones. The first step in being able to prevent kidney stones is knowing what causes them. Different kidney stones are caused by different lifestyle factors and diet decisions.  Calcium stones. Calcium stones come in two forms: calcium oxalate stones and calcium phosphate stones. Calcium oxalate stones are the most common form of kidney stone. Calcium stones are often caused by high sodium intake. Uric acid stones. Uric acid stones form when urine is very acidic, and are often because the patient has a diet high in animal protein (meat, fish, shellfish). Struvite stones. These are usually caused by kidney infections. Staying free of infection can usually stop struvite stones. Cystine stones. These are formed when cystine leaks into the kidneys, resulting in stones. Cystine stones are caused by a genetic disorder.

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