Article in English: It's important to know what kind of speech you're giving and why your audience is gathering to hear it in order to get started on the right foot.  Understand if your speech is meant to be a personal narrative, informative, persuasive or ceremonial.  Personal narrative.  A narrative is just another word for story.  If you're asked to tell a story about yourself, find out if the intention is to use something that's happened to you in order to teach a lesson, convey a moral, offer inspiration or simply to entertain. Informative speech.  There are two kinds of informative speeches:  process and expository.  If you're charged with doing a process speech, the idea is for you to explain how something is done, how something is made or how something works.  You take your audience step-by-step through the process.  If your speech is  meant to be expository, your job is to take what might be a complex subject and break it down into sections as a way of educating your audience about the topic. Persuasive speech.  If you're meant to persuade, then your job is to convince your audience to adopt a particular way of thinking, a belief or a behavior that you advocate for. Ceremonial speech.  Ceremonial speeches run the gamut from wedding toasts to eulogies, from graduation speeches to farewell addresses.  Many of these speeches are intended to be short and the focus is often on entertaining, inspiring or increasing the audience's appreciation for someone or something. If you have the option, choose to speak about something that your audience will find interesting or enjoyable.  Sometimes, you don't have a choice about your topic--you find yourself assigned to speak about something in particular.  In that case, you must look for ways to keep your audience engaged in what you have to say. Write a one-sentence statement about what you want to accomplish on behalf of your audience.  It could be something as simple as "I want my audience to learn the four things they should look for when buying a diamond" or "I want to convince my...

Summary in Vietnamese:
Nắm rõ việc bạn sẽ phát biểu trong dịp nào. Chọn một chủ đề thu hút được sự quan tâm của khán giả. Đặt ra một mục tiêu. Luôn nghĩ về khán giả.