What do the outcomes of both Baker v. Wade and Bowers v. Harwick have in common?
appellate court reversed the lower court's decision
Baker v. Wade Bowers v. Hardwick
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986) , is a United States Supreme Court decision, overturned in 2003, that upheld, in a 5–4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults, in this case with respect to homosexual sodomy, though the law did not differentiate between homosexual sodomy and heterosexual sodomy.
Team composition refers to the overall mix of characteristics among people in a team, which is a unit of two or more individuals who interact interdependently to achieve a common objective.  It is based on the attributes among individuals that comprise the team, in addition to their main objective.  Team composition is usually either homogeneous, in which all members are the same, or heterogeneous, in which team members all contain significant differences.  It has also been identified as a key factor that influences team performance.  It factors in the individual attributes of team members (e.g. skill, experience, and ability) and how these contributions can potentially combine to dictate overall performance outcomes for the team.  In the past decade, research on team effectiveness has burgeoned as teams have become increasingly common in organizations of all kinds.  Research conducted on this topic has focused on aggregated member characteristics, member heterogeneity and team size as categories associated with team composition.  The fashion in which a team is configured has a strong influence on team processes and the outcomes that the team achieves.  The main outcomes associated with team performance can be classified mostly as performance outcomes (overall quality/precision of work produced, etc.) internal member outcomes (group cohesion, etc.) and behavioral outcomes (absenteeism, etc.).
Michael McConnell and Jack Baker are pioneering advocates of marriage rights for gay couples.  Jack Baker was a stage name used by Richard John Baker in the 1970s to promote full equality for gay men and women.  He and Michael McConnell applied in Hennepin County for a license to marry, then appealed its denial to the Minnesota Supreme Court, which dismissed the claim.  "Under the law at the time (since repealed) governing the [U.S.] Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over appeals from state-court decisions, "Baker v. Nelson" reached the justices as a mandatory appeal."  The State argued that the marriage license issued previously in Blue Earth County proved that the "Questions Raised by This Appeal Are Moot."
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court.  The Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6-3 decision and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory.  The Court, with a five-justice majority, overturned its previous ruling on the same issue in the 1986 case "Bowers v. Hardwick", where it upheld a challenged Georgia statute and did not find a constitutional protection of sexual privacy.
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies (320 F.3d 1317) was a U.S. Court of Appeals Federal Circuit case involving Harold L. Bowers (doing business as HLB Technology) and Baystate Technologies over patent infringement, copyright infringement, and breach of contract.  In the case, the court found that Baystate had breached their contract by reverse engineering Bower's program, something expressly prohibited by a shrink wrap license that Baystate entered into upon purchasing a copy of Bower's software.  This case is notable for establishing that license agreements can preempt fair use rights as well as expand the rights of copyright holders beyond those codified in US federal law.
Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996) , is a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with sexual orientation and state laws.  It was the first Supreme Court case to address gay rights since "Bowers v. Hardwick" (1986), when the Court had held that laws criminalizing sodomy were constitutional.
Baker v. Wade 563 F.Supp 1121 (N.D. Tex. 1982), rev'd 769 F.2nd 289 (5th Cir.  1985) (en banc) cert denied 478 US 1022 (1986) is a federal lawsuit challenging the legality of the sodomy law of the state of Texas.  Plaintiff Donald Baker contended that the law violated his rights to privacy and equal protection.  After a victory at trial, an appellate court reversed the lower court's decision and in the wake of its decision in "Bowers v. Hardwick" the Supreme Court of the United States refused to review it.
Richard John Baker v. Gerald R. Nelson, 291 Minn. 310, 191 N.W.2d 185 (1971) is a case in which the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that a state law limiting marriage to persons of the opposite sex did not violate the U.S. Constitution.  Baker appealed, and on October 10, 1972, the United States Supreme Court dismissed the appeal "for want of a substantial federal question."  Because the case came to the U.S. Supreme Court through mandatory appellate review (not "certiorari"), the dismissal constituted a decision on the merits and established "Baker v. Nelson" as precedent, though the extent of its precedential effect had been subject to debate.  In May 2013, Minnesota legalized same-sex marriage and it took effect on August 1, 2013.  Subsequently, on June 26, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court explicitly overruled "Baker" in "Obergefell v. Hodges" making same-sex marriage legal nationwide.
Loss of consortium is a term used in the law of torts that refers to the deprivation of the benefits of a family relationship due to injuries caused by a tortfeasor.  Loss of consortium arising from personal injuries was recognized under the English common law.  For example, in Baker v Bolton, (1808) 1 Camp 493, a man was permitted to recover for his loss of consortium while his wife languished after a carriage accident.  However, once she died from her injuries, his right to recover for lost consortium ended.  After the enactment of the Lord Campbell's Act (9 and 10 Vic.  c. 93) the English common law continued to prohibit recovery for loss of consortium resulting from the death of a victim.  The availability of loss of consortium differs drastically among common law jurisdictions and does not exist at all in several of them.  Damages for loss of consortium are considered separately from, and are not to be confused with compensatory damages.
Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co., 271 U.S. 170 (1926) , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that no taxable income arose from the repayment in German marks of loans that had originally been made in U.S. dollars, despite the fact that the marks had gone down in value relative to the dollar since the loan had been made.
Bowers v. Hardwick Team composition Michael McConnell and Jack Baker Lawrence v. Texas Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, Inc. Romer v. Evans Baker v. Wade Baker v. Nelson Loss of consortium Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co.
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986) , is a United States Supreme Court decision, overturned in 2003, that upheld, in a 5–4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults, in this case with respect to homosexual sodomy, though the law did not differentiate between homosexual sodomy and heterosexual sodomy.
Bowers v. Hardwick
Team composition refers to the overall mix of characteristics among people in a team, which is a unit of two or more individuals who interact interdependently to achieve a common objective.  It is based on the attributes among individuals that comprise the team, in addition to their main objective.  Team composition is usually either homogeneous, in which all members are the same, or heterogeneous, in which team members all contain significant differences.  It has also been identified as a key factor that influences team performance.  It factors in the individual attributes of team members (e.g. skill, experience, and ability) and how these contributions can potentially combine to dictate overall performance outcomes for the team.  In the past decade, research on team effectiveness has burgeoned as teams have become increasingly common in organizations of all kinds.  Research conducted on this topic has focused on aggregated member characteristics, member heterogeneity and team size as categories associated with team composition.  The fashion in which a team is configured has a strong influence on team processes and the outcomes that the team achieves.  The main outcomes associated with team performance can be classified mostly as performance outcomes (overall quality/precision of work produced, etc.) internal member outcomes (group cohesion, etc.) and behavioral outcomes (absenteeism, etc.).
Team composition
Michael McConnell and Jack Baker are pioneering advocates of marriage rights for gay couples.  Jack Baker was a stage name used by Richard John Baker in the 1970s to promote full equality for gay men and women.  He and Michael McConnell applied in Hennepin County for a license to marry, then appealed its denial to the Minnesota Supreme Court, which dismissed the claim.  "Under the law at the time (since repealed) governing the [U.S.] Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over appeals from state-court decisions, "Baker v. Nelson" reached the justices as a mandatory appeal."  The State argued that the marriage license issued previously in Blue Earth County proved that the "Questions Raised by This Appeal Are Moot."
Michael McConnell and Jack Baker
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court.  The Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6-3 decision and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory.  The Court, with a five-justice majority, overturned its previous ruling on the same issue in the 1986 case "Bowers v. Hardwick", where it upheld a challenged Georgia statute and did not find a constitutional protection of sexual privacy.
Lawrence v. Texas
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies (320 F.3d 1317) was a U.S. Court of Appeals Federal Circuit case involving Harold L. Bowers (doing business as HLB Technology) and Baystate Technologies over patent infringement, copyright infringement, and breach of contract.  In the case, the court found that Baystate had breached their contract by reverse engineering Bower's program, something expressly prohibited by a shrink wrap license that Baystate entered into upon purchasing a copy of Bower's software.  This case is notable for establishing that license agreements can preempt fair use rights as well as expand the rights of copyright holders beyond those codified in US federal law.
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, Inc.
Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996) , is a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with sexual orientation and state laws.  It was the first Supreme Court case to address gay rights since "Bowers v. Hardwick" (1986), when the Court had held that laws criminalizing sodomy were constitutional.
Romer v. Evans
Baker v. Wade 563 F.Supp 1121 (N.D. Tex. 1982), rev'd 769 F.2nd 289 (5th Cir.  1985) (en banc) cert denied 478 US 1022 (1986) is a federal lawsuit challenging the legality of the sodomy law of the state of Texas.  Plaintiff Donald Baker contended that the law violated his rights to privacy and equal protection.  After a victory at trial, an appellate court reversed the lower court's decision and in the wake of its decision in "Bowers v. Hardwick" the Supreme Court of the United States refused to review it.
Baker v. Wade
Richard John Baker v. Gerald R. Nelson, 291 Minn. 310, 191 N.W.2d 185 (1971) is a case in which the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that a state law limiting marriage to persons of the opposite sex did not violate the U.S. Constitution.  Baker appealed, and on October 10, 1972, the United States Supreme Court dismissed the appeal "for want of a substantial federal question."  Because the case came to the U.S. Supreme Court through mandatory appellate review (not "certiorari"), the dismissal constituted a decision on the merits and established "Baker v. Nelson" as precedent, though the extent of its precedential effect had been subject to debate.  In May 2013, Minnesota legalized same-sex marriage and it took effect on August 1, 2013.  Subsequently, on June 26, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court explicitly overruled "Baker" in "Obergefell v. Hodges" making same-sex marriage legal nationwide.
Baker v. Nelson
Loss of consortium is a term used in the law of torts that refers to the deprivation of the benefits of a family relationship due to injuries caused by a tortfeasor.  Loss of consortium arising from personal injuries was recognized under the English common law.  For example, in Baker v Bolton, (1808) 1 Camp 493, a man was permitted to recover for his loss of consortium while his wife languished after a carriage accident.  However, once she died from her injuries, his right to recover for lost consortium ended.  After the enactment of the Lord Campbell's Act (9 and 10 Vic.  c. 93) the English common law continued to prohibit recovery for loss of consortium resulting from the death of a victim.  The availability of loss of consortium differs drastically among common law jurisdictions and does not exist at all in several of them.  Damages for loss of consortium are considered separately from, and are not to be confused with compensatory damages.
Loss of consortium
Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co., 271 U.S. 170 (1926) , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that no taxable income arose from the repayment in German marks of loans that had originally been made in U.S. dollars, despite the fact that the marks had gone down in value relative to the dollar since the loan had been made.
Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co.
What do the outcomes of both Baker v. Wade and Bowers v. Harwick have in common?
What do the outcomes of both Baker v. Wade and Bowers v. Harwick have in common?