Some anthropologists argue that the human species could not have survived prehistoric times if the species had not evolved the ability to cope with diverse natural environments  However, there is considerable evidence that Australopithecus afarensis, a prehistoric species related to early humans, also thrived in a diverse array of environments, but became extinct
Hence, the anthropologists' claim is false
confuses a condition's being required for a given result to occur in one case with the condition's being sufficient for such a result to occur in a similar case