Although since the birth of Western environmental sociology in the 1970s, three mainstream paradigms have been formed, including the new ecological paradigm, political economy paradigm, and constructivist paradigm  From various perspectives, they can effectively explain Western environmental problems to a certain extent   but for China, due to the profound differences in social, political, and cultural backgrounds, it may be unacceptable
China's environmental problems have been facing huge challenges since the 1990s
 The particularity and complexity of China's experience determine the huge challenges and difficulties faced in interpreting China's problems