--- language: - en tags: - chess - UCI - Lichess pretty_name: Lichess.org Database in UCI format size_categories: - n>1T source_datasets: - database.lichess.org task_categories: - other paperswithcode_id: lichess_uci dataset_info: - config_name: '201301-moves' features: - name: site dtype: string - name: transcript dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 42454117.656856485 num_examples: 120133 download_size: 992204415449 dataset_size: 1636203333850.0193 - config_name: '201301-headers' features: - name: event dtype: string - name: site dtype: string - name: white dtype: string - name: black dtype: string - name: result dtype: string - name: utcdate dtype: string - name: utctime dtype: string - name: whiteelo dtype: int64 - name: blackelo dtype: int64 - name: whiteratingdiff dtype: float64 - name: blackratingdiff dtype: float64 - name: eco dtype: string - name: opening dtype: string - name: timecontrol dtype: string - name: termination dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 20700133 num_examples: 121332 download_size: 6335452 dataset_size: 20700133 description: > "The dataset contains games from the Lichess.org open database converted from PGN format to UCI format. It is divided into two main configurations: `moves` and `headers`. The `moves` configuration includes a UUID called `site` and the UCI moves in a column called `transcript`, while the `headers` configuration includes metadata such as player ELO ratings, game outcome, and dates. The data is subset based on the year and month (yyyymm format)." configs: - config_name: '201301-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201301-* default: true - config_name: '201301-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201301-* - config_name: '201302-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201302-* - config_name: '201302-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201302-* - config_name: '201303-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201303-* - config_name: '201303-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201303-* - config_name: '201304-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201304-* - config_name: '201304-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201304-* - config_name: '201305-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201305-* - config_name: '201305-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201305-* - config_name: '201306-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201306-* - config_name: '201306-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201306-* - config_name: '201307-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201307-* - config_name: '201307-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201307-* - config_name: '201308-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201308-* - config_name: '201308-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201308-* - config_name: '201309-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201309-* - config_name: '201309-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201309-* - config_name: '201310-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201310-* - config_name: '201310-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201310-* - config_name: '201311-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201311-* - config_name: '201311-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201311-* - config_name: '201312-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201312-* - config_name: '201312-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201312-* - config_name: '201401-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201401-* - config_name: '201401-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201401-* - config_name: '201402-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201402-* - config_name: '201402-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201402-* - config_name: '201403-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201403-* - config_name: '201403-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201403-* - config_name: '201404-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201404-* - config_name: '201404-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201404-* - config_name: '201405-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201405-* - config_name: '201405-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201405-* - config_name: '201406-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201406-* - config_name: '201406-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201406-* - config_name: '201407-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201407-* - config_name: '201407-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201407-* - config_name: '201408-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201408-* - config_name: '201408-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201408-* - config_name: '201409-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201409-* - config_name: '201409-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201409-* - config_name: '201410-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201410-* - config_name: '201410-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201410-* - config_name: '201411-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201411-* - config_name: '201411-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201411-* - config_name: '201412-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201412-* - config_name: '201412-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201412-* - config_name: '201501-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201501-* - config_name: '201501-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201501-* - config_name: '201502-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201502-* - config_name: '201502-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201502-* - config_name: '201503-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201503-* - config_name: '201503-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201503-* - config_name: '201504-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201504-* - config_name: '201504-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201504-* - config_name: '201505-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201505-* - config_name: '201505-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201505-* - config_name: '201506-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201506-* - config_name: '201506-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201506-* - config_name: '201507-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201507-* - config_name: '201507-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201507-* - config_name: '201508-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201508-* - config_name: '201508-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201508-* - config_name: '201509-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201509-* - config_name: '201509-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201509-* - config_name: '201510-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201510-* - config_name: '201510-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201510-* - config_name: '201511-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201511-* - config_name: '201511-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201511-* - config_name: '201512-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201512-* - config_name: '201512-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201512-* - config_name: '201601-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201601-* - config_name: '201601-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201601-* - config_name: '201602-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201602-* - config_name: '201602-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201602-* - config_name: '201603-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201603-* - config_name: '201603-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201603-* - config_name: '201604-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201604-* - config_name: '201604-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201604-* - config_name: '201605-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201605-* - config_name: '201605-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201605-* - config_name: '201606-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201606-* - config_name: '201606-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201606-* - config_name: '201607-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201607-* - config_name: '201607-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201607-* - config_name: '201608-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201608-* - config_name: '201608-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201608-* - config_name: '201609-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201609-* - config_name: '201609-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201609-* - config_name: '201610-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201610-* - config_name: '201610-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201610-* - config_name: '201611-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201611-* - config_name: '201611-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201611-* - config_name: '201612-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201612-* - config_name: '201612-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201612-* - config_name: '201701-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201701-* - config_name: '201701-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201701-* - config_name: '201702-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201702-* - config_name: '201702-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201702-* - config_name: '201703-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201703-* - config_name: '201703-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201703-* - config_name: '201704-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201704-* - config_name: '201704-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201704-* - config_name: '201705-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201705-* - config_name: '201705-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201705-* - config_name: '201706-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201706-* - config_name: '201706-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201706-* - config_name: '201707-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201707-* - config_name: '201707-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201707-* - config_name: '201708-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201708-* - config_name: '201708-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201708-* - config_name: '201709-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201709-* - config_name: '201709-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201709-* - config_name: '201710-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201710-* - config_name: '201710-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201710-* - config_name: '201711-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201711-* - config_name: '201711-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201711-* - config_name: '201712-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201712-* - config_name: '201712-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201712-* - config_name: '201801-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201801-* - config_name: '201801-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201801-* - config_name: '201802-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201802-* - config_name: '201802-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201802-* - config_name: '201803-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201803-* - config_name: '201803-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201803-* - config_name: '201804-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201804-* - config_name: '201804-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201804-* - config_name: '201805-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201805-* - config_name: '201805-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201805-* - config_name: '201806-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201806-* - config_name: '201806-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201806-* - config_name: '201807-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201807-* - config_name: '201807-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201807-* - config_name: '201808-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201808-* - config_name: '201808-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201808-* - config_name: '201809-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201809-* - config_name: '201809-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201809-* - config_name: '201810-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201810-* - config_name: '201810-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201810-* - config_name: '201811-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201811-* - config_name: '201811-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201811-* - config_name: '201812-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201812-* - config_name: '201812-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201812-* - config_name: '201901-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201901-* - config_name: '201901-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201901-* - config_name: '201902-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201902-* - config_name: '201902-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201902-* - config_name: '201903-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201903-* - config_name: '201903-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201903-* - config_name: '201904-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201904-* - config_name: '201904-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201904-* - config_name: '201905-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201905-* - config_name: '201905-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201905-* - config_name: '201906-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201906-* - config_name: '201906-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201906-* - config_name: '201907-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201907-* - config_name: '201907-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201907-* - config_name: '201908-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201908-* - config_name: '201908-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201908-* - config_name: '201909-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201909-* - config_name: '201909-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201909-* - config_name: '201910-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201910-* - config_name: '201910-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201910-* - config_name: '201911-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201911-* - config_name: '201911-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201911-* - config_name: '201912-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/201912-* - config_name: '201912-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/201912-* - config_name: '202001-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202001-* - config_name: '202001-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202001-* - config_name: '202002-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202002-* - config_name: '202002-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202002-* - config_name: '202003-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202003-* - config_name: '202003-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202003-* - config_name: '202004-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202004-* - config_name: '202004-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202004-* - config_name: '202005-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202005-* - config_name: '202005-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202005-* - config_name: '202006-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202006-* - config_name: '202006-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202006-* - config_name: '202007-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202007-* - config_name: '202007-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202007-* - config_name: '202008-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202008-* - config_name: '202008-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202008-* - config_name: '202009-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202009-* - config_name: '202009-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202009-* - config_name: '202010-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202010-* - config_name: '202010-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202010-* - config_name: '202011-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202011-* - config_name: '202011-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202011-* - config_name: '202012-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202012-* - config_name: '202012-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202012-* - config_name: '202101-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202101-* - config_name: '202101-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202101-* - config_name: '202102-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202102-* - config_name: '202102-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202102-* - config_name: '202103-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202103-* - config_name: '202103-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202103-* - config_name: '202104-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202104-* - config_name: '202104-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202104-* - config_name: '202105-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202105-* - config_name: '202105-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202105-* - config_name: '202106-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202106-* - config_name: '202106-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202106-* - config_name: '202107-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202107-* - config_name: '202107-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202107-* - config_name: '202108-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202108-* - config_name: '202108-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202108-* - config_name: '202109-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202109-* - config_name: '202109-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202109-* - config_name: '202110-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202110-* - config_name: '202110-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202110-* - config_name: '202111-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202111-* - config_name: '202111-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202111-* - config_name: '202112-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202112-* - config_name: '202112-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202112-* - config_name: '202201-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202201-* - config_name: '202201-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202201-* - config_name: '202202-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202202-* - config_name: '202202-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202202-* - config_name: '202203-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202203-* - config_name: '202203-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202203-* - config_name: '202204-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202204-* - config_name: '202204-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202204-* - config_name: '202205-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202205-* - config_name: '202205-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202205-* - config_name: '202206-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202206-* - config_name: '202206-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202206-* - config_name: '202207-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202207-* - config_name: '202207-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202207-* - config_name: '202208-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202208-* - config_name: '202208-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202208-* - config_name: '202209-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202209-* - config_name: '202209-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202209-* - config_name: '202210-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202210-* - config_name: '202210-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202210-* - config_name: '202211-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202211-* - config_name: '202211-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202211-* - config_name: '202212-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202212-* - config_name: '202212-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202212-* - config_name: '202301-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202301-* - config_name: '202301-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202301-* - config_name: '202302-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202302-* - config_name: '202302-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202302-* - config_name: '202303-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202303-* - config_name: '202303-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202303-* - config_name: '202304-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202304-* - config_name: '202304-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202304-* - config_name: '202305-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202305-* - config_name: '202305-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202305-* - config_name: '202306-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202306-* - config_name: '202306-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202306-* - config_name: '202307-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202307-* - config_name: '202307-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202307-* - config_name: '202308-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202308-* - config_name: '202308-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202308-* - config_name: '202309-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202309-* - config_name: '202309-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202309-* - config_name: '202310-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202310-* - config_name: '202310-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202310-* - config_name: '202311-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202311-* - config_name: '202311-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202311-* - config_name: '202312-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202312-* - config_name: '202312-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202312-* - config_name: '202401-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202401-* - config_name: '202401-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202401-* - config_name: '202402-moves' data_files: - split: train path: data/202402-* - config_name: '202402-headers' data_files: - split: train path: metadata/202402-* # Example of how the data looks example: moves: site: "xxxxxxx" transcript: "e2e4 e7e5 g1f3 b8c6" headers: event: "Rated Blitz game" site: "xxxxxxx" white: "player1" black: "player2" result: "1-0" utcdate: "2023-05-21" utctime: "13:45:00" whiteelo: 1500 blackelo: 1400 whiteratingdiff: 10 blackratingdiff: -10 eco: "C50" opening: "Italian Game" timecontrol: "300+0" termination: "Normal" --- # Dataset Card for Lichess.org Database in UCI format ## Table of Contents - [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents) - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description) - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary) - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards) - [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure) - [Data Instances](#data-instances) - [Data Fields](#data-fields) - [Data Splits](#data-splits) - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation) - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale) - [Source Data](#source-data) - [Annotations](#annotations) - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information) - [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data) - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset) - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases) - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations) - [Additional Information](#additional-information) - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators) - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information) - [Citation Information](#citation-information) - [Contributions](#contributions) ## Dataset Description ### Dataset Summary The Lichess.org database has been converted to UCI format, making it easier to analyze and interpret chess games. The `moves` configuration captures the sequence of moves using UCI notation, and the `headers` configuration provides comprehensive metadata for each game, enabling detailed statistical and strategic analysis. The data is subset based on the year and month (yyyymm format) the games took place. ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards This dataset supports tasks related to chess game analysis, including move prediction, game outcome prediction, performance analysis, and opening strategy evaluation. There are no formal leaderboards associated with this dataset. ## Dataset Structure ### Data Instances An example from the `moves` configuration: ```json { "site": "abcd1234", "transcript": "e2e4 e7e5 g1f3 b8c6" } ``` An example from the `headers` configuration: ```json { "event": "Rated Blitz game", "site": "abcd1234", "white": "player1", "black": "player2", "result": "1-0", "utcdate": "2023-05-21", "utctime": "13:45:00", "whiteelo": 1500, "blackelo": 1400, "whiteratingdiff": 10, "blackratingdiff": -10, "eco": "C50", "opening": "Italian Game", "timecontrol": "300+0", "termination": "Normal" } ``` ### Data Fields #### Moves Configuration: - `site`: string, unique identifier for the game. Replays can be viewed by navigating to `https://lichess.org/` - `transcript`: string, sequence of moves in UCI format. #### Headers Configuration: - `event`: string, type of event. - `site`: string, unique identifier for the game. - `white`: string, white player. - `black`: string, black player. - `result`: string, game result. - `utcdate`: date32, date of the game. - `utctime`: time64[us], time of the game. - `whiteelo`: int64, ELO rating of the white player. - `blackelo`: int64, ELO rating of the black player. - `whiteratingdiff`: float64, rating change for the white player. - `blackratingdiff`: float64, rating change for the black player. - `eco`: string, ECO code of the opening. - `opening`: string, name of the opening. - `timecontrol`: string, time control format. - `termination`: string, reason for game termination. ### Data Splits The dataset is divided into monthly splits based on the year and month (yyyymm format). Each split contains both `moves` and `headers` configurations. ## Dataset Creation ### Curation Rationale The dataset was curated to facilitate research and analysis that use chess games, providing both move sequences and comprehensive metadata. ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization The data was collected from the Lichess.org open database, converted from PGN format to UCI format, and organized into `moves` and `headers` configurations. #### Who are the source data producers? The source data comes from games played on Lichess.org, an online platform where users from around the world play chess. This database does not distinguish between human-and bot-played games. However, it's reasonable to assume games played before April 2018 were overwhelmingly played by human players since Lichess.org released its [bot api](https://github.com/lichess-org/api) on April 1st, 2018. ### Annotations #### Annotation process The annotations include metadata such as player ELO ratings, game outcomes, and dates, which were extracted from the original PGN files and normalized into a structured format. #### Who are the annotators? The annotations were generated by the Lichess.org platform and curated by the dataset creators. ### Personal and Sensitive Information The dataset does not contain any personal or sensitive information. ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact of Dataset The dataset can be used to improve chess engines, develop training tools for players, and conduct research in game theory and artificial intelligence. ### Discussion of Biases The dataset may have biases related to the demographics of Lichess.org users, such as skill level distribution and regional representation. ### Other Known Limitations The dataset is limited to games played on Lichess.org and may not represent the broader chess-playing population. ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators The dataset was curated by the Lichess.org team and contributors. ### Licensing Information The dataset is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. ### Citation Information If you use this dataset, please cite it as follows: ``` @misc{lichess_uci, author = {Davis, Austin L.}, title = {Lichess.org Database in UCI format}, year = {2023}, howpublished = {\url{https://database.lichess.org/}}, } ``` ### Contributions Thanks to [@github-username](https://github.com/austinleedavis) for adding this dataset.